Remove code for EOL Python versions (#864)

Co-authored-by: federinik <federico.tomasi@outlook.com>
Co-authored-by: jazzthief <mynameisyegor@gmail.com>

.coveragerc

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-[run]
-source = dependency_injector
-omit = tests/unit
-plugins = Cython.Coverage
-
-[report]
-show_missing = true
-
-[html]
-directory=reports/unittests/

.github/workflows/publishing.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
 
   tests:
     name: Run tests
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
 
   linters:
     name: Run linters
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     strategy:
       matrix:
         toxenv: [flake8, pydocstyle, mypy, pylint]
@@ -40,17 +40,18 @@ jobs:
   build-sdist:
     name: Build source tarball
     needs: [tests, linters]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: 3.13
       - run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
-          python setup.py sdist
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+          python -m pip install --upgrade build
+          python -m build --sdist
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
+          name: cibw-sdist
           path: ./dist/*
 
   build-wheels:
@@ -59,45 +60,28 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-22.04, windows-2019, macos-14]
+        os: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-2019, macos-14]
     env:
       CIBW_SKIP: cp27-*
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Build wheels
         uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.20.0
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
-        with:
-          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
-
-  build-wheels-linux-aarch64:
-    name: Build wheels (ubuntu-22.04-aarch64)
-    needs: [tests, linters]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    env:
-      CIBW_SKIP: cp27-*
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
-      - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.20.0
-        env:
-          CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: aarch64
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
+          name: cibw-wheels-x86-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 
   publish:
     name: Publish on PyPI
-    needs: [build-sdist, build-wheels, build-wheels-linux-aarch64]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    needs: [build-sdist, build-wheels]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: artifact
+          pattern: cibw-*
           path: dist
+          merge-multiple: true
       - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
         with:
           user: __token__
@@ -109,7 +93,7 @@ jobs:
   publish-docs:
     name: Publish docs
     needs: [publish]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4

.github/workflows/tests-and-linters.yml

@@ -36,6 +36,17 @@ jobs:
         env:
           TOXENV: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
+  test-different-pydantic-versions:
+    name: Run tests with different pydantic versions
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.12"
+      - run: pip install tox
+      - run: tox -e pydantic-v1,pydantic-v2
+
   test-coverage:
     name: Run tests with coverage
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -50,7 +61,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: 3.12
       - run: pip install tox 'cython>=3,<4'
-      - run: make cythonize
       - run: tox -vv
         env:
           TOXENV: coveralls

.gitignore

@@ -63,13 +63,11 @@ venv*/
 # Vim Rope
 .ropeproject/
 
-# C extensions
-src/dependency_injector/*.h
-src/dependency_injector/*.so
-src/dependency_injector/containers/*.h
-src/dependency_injector/containers/*.so
-src/dependency_injector/providers/*.h
-src/dependency_injector/providers/*.so
+# Cython artifacts
+src/**/*.c
+src/**/*.h
+src/**/*.so
+src/**/*.html
 
 # Workspace for samples
 .workspace/

.pylintrc

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-[MASTER]
-
-# Add <file or directory> to the black list. It should be a base name, not a
-# path. You may set this option multiple times.
-ignore=utils,tests
-
-[MESSAGES CONTROL]
-
-# Disable the message(s) with the given id(s).
-# disable-msg=
-
-[SIMILARITIES]
-
-# Minimum lines number of a similarity.
-min-similarity-lines=5
-
-[TYPECHECK]
-ignore-mixin-members=yes
-# ignored-classes=
-zope=no
-# generated-members=providedBy,implementedBy,rawDataReceived
-
-[DESIGN]
-# Maximum number of arguments for function / method
-max-args=10
-
-# Maximum number of locals for function / method body
-max-locals=20
-
-# Maximum number of return / yield for function / method body
-max-returns=10
-
-# Maximum number of branch for function / method body
-max-branchs=10
-
-# Maximum number of statements in function / method body
-max-statements=60
-
-# Maximum number of parents for a class (see R0901).
-max-parents=10
-
-# Maximum number of attributes for a class (see R0902).
-max-attributes=30
-
-# Minimum number of public methods for a class (see R0903).
-min-public-methods=0
-
-# Maximum number of public methods for a class (see R0904).
-max-public-methods=30

Makefile

@@ -1,14 +1,6 @@
 VERSION := $(shell python setup.py --version)
 
-CYTHON_SRC := $(shell find src/dependency_injector -name '*.pyx')
-
-CYTHON_DIRECTIVES = -Xlanguage_level=3
-
-ifdef DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE
-	CYTHON_DIRECTIVES += -Xprofile=True
-	CYTHON_DIRECTIVES += -Xlinetrace=True
-endif
-
+export COVERAGE_RCFILE := pyproject.toml
 
 clean:
 	# Clean sources
@@ -25,21 +17,17 @@ clean:
 	find examples -name '*.py[co]' -delete
 	find examples -name '__pycache__' -delete
 
-cythonize:
-	# Compile Cython to C
-	cython -a $(CYTHON_DIRECTIVES) $(CYTHON_SRC)
+build: clean
+	# Compile C extensions
+	python setup.py build_ext --inplace
 	# Move all Cython html reports
 	mkdir -p reports/cython/
 	find src -name '*.html' -exec mv {}  reports/cython/  \;
 
-build: clean cythonize
-	# Compile C extensions
-	python setup.py build_ext --inplace
-
 docs-live:
 	sphinx-autobuild docs docs/_build/html
 
-install: uninstall clean cythonize
+install: uninstall clean build
 	pip install -ve .
 
 uninstall:
@@ -48,9 +36,9 @@ uninstall:
 test:
 	# Unit tests with coverage report
 	coverage erase
-	coverage run --rcfile=./.coveragerc -m pytest -c tests/.configs/pytest.ini
-	coverage report --rcfile=./.coveragerc
-	coverage html --rcfile=./.coveragerc
+	coverage run -m pytest -c tests/.configs/pytest.ini
+	coverage report
+	coverage html
 
 check:
 	flake8 src/dependency_injector/
@@ -61,9 +49,9 @@ check:
 
 	mypy tests/typing
 
-test-publish: cythonize
+test-publish: build
 	# Create distributions
-	python setup.py sdist
+	python -m build --sdist
 	# Upload distributions to PyPI
 	twine upload --repository testpypi dist/dependency-injector-$(VERSION)*
 

docs/main/changelog.rst

@@ -7,6 +7,48 @@ that were made in every particular version.
 From version 0.7.6 *Dependency Injector* framework strictly
 follows `Semantic versioning`_
 
+4.46.0
+------
+
+- Add option to disable env var interpolation in configs (`#861 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/861>`_)
+- Fix ``Closing`` dependency resolution (`#852 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/852>`_)
+- Add support for ``inspect.iscoroutinefunction()`` in ``Coroutine`` provider (`#830 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/830>`_)
+- Fix broken wiring of sync inject-decorated methods (`#673 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/673>`_)
+- Add support for ``typing.Annotated`` (`#721 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/721>`_, `#853 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/853>`_)
+- Documentation updates for movie-lister example (`#747 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/747>`_)
+- Fix type propagation in ``Provider.provider`` (`#744 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/744>`_)
+
+Many thanks for the contributions to:
+- `ZipFile <https://github.com/ZipFile>`_
+- `Yegor Statkevich <https://github.com/jazzthief>`_
+- `Federico Tomasi <https://github.com/federinik>`_
+- `Martin Lafrance <https://github.com/martlaf>`_
+- `Philip Bjorge <https://github.com/philipbjorge>`_
+- `Ilya Kazakov <https://github.com/mrKazzila>`_
+
+4.45.0
+--------
+- Add Starlette lifespan handler implementation (`#683 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/683>`_).
+- Raise exception in ``ThreadLocalSingleton`` instead of hiding it in finally (`#845 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/845>`_).
+- Improve debuggability of ``deepcopy`` errors (`#839 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/839>`_).
+- Update examples (`#838 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/838>`_).
+- Upgrade testing dependencies (`#837 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/837>`_).
+- Add minor fixes to the documentation (`#709 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/709>`_).
+- Remove ``six`` from the dependencies (`3ba4704 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/commit/3ba4704bc1cb00310749fd2eda0c8221167c313c>`_).
+
+Many thanks for the contributions to:
+-  `ZipFile <https://github.com/ZipFile>`_
+- `František Trebuňa <https://github.com/gortibaldik>`_
+- `JC (Jonathan Chen) <https://github.com/dijonkitchen>`_
+
+4.44.0
+--------
+- Implement support for Pydantic 2. PR: `#832 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/832>`_.
+- Implement `PEP-517 <https://peps.python.org/pep-0517/>`_, `PEP-518 <https://peps.python.org/pep-0518/>`_, and
+  `PEP-621 <https://peps.python.org/pep-0621/>`_. PR: `#829 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/829>`_.
+
+Many thanks to `ZipFile <https://github.com/ZipFile>`_ for both contributions.
+
 4.43.0
 --------
 - Add support for Python 3.13.

docs/providers/configuration.rst

@@ -183,22 +183,22 @@ See also: :ref:`configuration-envs-interpolation`.
 Loading from a Pydantic settings
 --------------------------------
 
-``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from a ``pydantic`` settings object using the
+``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from a ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings`` object using the
 :py:meth:`Configuration.from_pydantic` method:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_pydantic.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 31
+   :emphasize-lines: 32
 
-To get the data from pydantic settings ``Configuration`` provider calls ``Settings.dict()`` method.
+To get the data from pydantic settings ``Configuration`` provider calls its ``model_dump()`` method.
 If you need to pass an argument to this call, use ``.from_pydantic()`` keyword arguments.
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
    container.config.from_pydantic(Settings(), exclude={"optional"})
 
-Alternatively, you can provide a ``pydantic`` settings object over the configuration provider argument. In that case,
+Alternatively, you can provide a ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings`` object over the configuration provider argument. In that case,
 the container will call ``config.from_pydantic()`` automatically:
 
 .. code-block:: python
@@ -215,18 +215,23 @@ the container will call ``config.from_pydantic()`` automatically:
 
 .. note::
 
-   ``Dependency Injector`` doesn't install ``pydantic`` by default.
+   ``Dependency Injector`` doesn't install ``pydantic-settings`` by default.
 
    You can install the ``Dependency Injector`` with an extra dependency::
 
-      pip install dependency-injector[pydantic]
+      pip install dependency-injector[pydantic2]
 
-   or install ``pydantic`` directly::
+   or install ``pydantic-settings`` directly::
 
-      pip install pydantic
+      pip install pydantic-settings
 
    *Don't forget to mirror the changes in the requirements file.*
 
+.. note::
+
+   For backward-compatibility, Pydantic v1 is still supported.
+   Passing ``pydantic.BaseSettings`` instances will work just as fine as ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings``.
+
 Loading from a dictionary
 -------------------------
 
@@ -361,6 +366,19 @@ See also: :ref:`configuration-strict-mode`.
 
       assert container.config.section.option() is None
 
+If you want to disable environment variables interpolation, pass ``envs_required=None``:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+   :caption: templates.yml
+
+   template_string: 'Hello, ${name}!'
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   >>> container.config.from_yaml("templates.yml", envs_required=None)
+   >>> container.config.template_string()
+   'Hello, ${name}!'
+
 Mandatory and optional sources
 ------------------------------
 

docs/providers/singleton.rst

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ returns it on the rest of the calls.
 
 .. note::
 
-   ``Singleton`` provider makes dependencies injection only when creates an object. When an object
+   ``Singleton`` provider makes dependencies injection only when it creates an object. When an object
    is created and memorized ``Singleton`` provider just returns it without applying injections.
 
 Specialization of the provided type and abstract singletons work the same like like for the

docs/tutorials/asyncio-daemon.rst

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ In this tutorial we will use:
 
 - Python 3
 - Docker
-- Docker-compose
+- Docker Compose
 
 Start from the scratch or jump to the section:
 
@@ -47,28 +47,27 @@ response it will log:
 Prerequisites
 -------------
 
-We will use `Docker <https://www.docker.com/>`_ and
-`docker-compose <https://docs.docker.com/compose/>`_ in this tutorial. Let's check the versions:
+We will use `docker compose <https://docs.docker.com/compose/>`_ in this tutorial. Let's check the versions:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
    docker --version
-   docker-compose --version
+   docker compose version
 
 The output should look something like:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   Docker version 20.10.5, build 55c4c88
-   docker-compose version 1.29.0, build 07737305
+   Docker version 27.3.1, build ce12230
+   Docker Compose version v2.29.7
 
 .. note::
 
-   If you don't have ``Docker`` or ``docker-compose`` you need to install them before proceeding.
+   If you don't have ``Docker`` or ``docker compose`` you need to install them before proceeding.
    Follow these installation guides:
 
    - `Install Docker <https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/>`_
-   - `Install docker-compose <https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/>`_
+   - `Install docker compose <https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/>`_
 
 The prerequisites are satisfied. Let's get started with the project layout.
 
@@ -129,13 +128,13 @@ Put next lines into the ``requirements.txt`` file:
    pytest-cov
 
 Second, we need to create the ``Dockerfile``. It will describe the daemon's build process and
-specify how to run it. We will use ``python:3.9-buster`` as a base image.
+specify how to run it. We will use ``python:3.13-bookworm`` as a base image.
 
 Put next lines into the ``Dockerfile`` file:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   FROM python:3.10-buster
+   FROM python:3.13-bookworm
 
    ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 
@@ -155,8 +154,6 @@ Put next lines into the ``docker-compose.yml`` file:
 
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
-   version: "3.7"
-
    services:
 
      monitor:
@@ -171,7 +168,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose build
+   docker compose build
 
 The build process may take a couple of minutes. You should see something like this in the end:
 
@@ -184,7 +181,7 @@ After the build is done run the container:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose up
+   docker compose up
 
 The output should look like:
 
@@ -461,7 +458,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose up
+   docker compose up
 
 The output should look like:
 
@@ -705,7 +702,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose up
+   docker compose up
 
 You should see:
 
@@ -813,7 +810,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose up
+   docker compose up
 
 You should see:
 
@@ -965,15 +962,16 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose run --rm monitor py.test monitoringdaemon/tests.py --cov=monitoringdaemon
+   docker compose run --rm monitor py.test monitoringdaemon/tests.py --cov=monitoringdaemon
 
 You should see:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.13.1, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0
    rootdir: /code
-   plugins: asyncio-0.16.0, cov-3.0.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, asyncio-0.24.0
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
    collected 2 items
 
    monitoringdaemon/tests.py ..                                    [100%]

docs/tutorials/cli.rst

@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ Create ``tests.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 and put next into it:
 
 .. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 36,51
+   :emphasize-lines: 41,50
 
    """Tests module."""
 
@@ -941,13 +941,18 @@ and put next into it:
        return container
 
 
-   def test_movies_directed_by(container):
+   @pytest.fixture
+   def finder_mock(container):
        finder_mock = mock.Mock()
        finder_mock.find_all.return_value = [
            container.movie("The 33", 2015, "Patricia Riggen"),
            container.movie("The Jungle Book", 2016, "Jon Favreau"),
        ]
 
+       return finder_mock
+
+
+   def test_movies_directed_by(container, finder_mock):
        with container.finder.override(finder_mock):
            lister = container.lister()
            movies = lister.movies_directed_by("Jon Favreau")
@@ -956,13 +961,7 @@ and put next into it:
        assert movies[0].title == "The Jungle Book"
 
 
-   def test_movies_released_in(container):
-       finder_mock = mock.Mock()
-       finder_mock.find_all.return_value = [
-           container.movie("The 33", 2015, "Patricia Riggen"),
-           container.movie("The Jungle Book", 2016, "Jon Favreau"),
-       ]
-
+   def test_movies_released_in(container, finder_mock):
        with container.finder.override(finder_mock):
            lister = container.lister()
            movies = lister.movies_released_in(2015)
@@ -995,9 +994,9 @@ You should see:
    movies/entities.py         7      1    86%
    movies/finders.py         26     13    50%
    movies/listers.py          8      0   100%
-   movies/tests.py           23      0   100%
+   movies/tests.py           24      0   100%
    ------------------------------------------
-   TOTAL                     89     30    66%
+   TOTAL                     90     30    67%
 
 .. note::
 

docs/wiring.rst

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ FastAPI example:
 
    @app.api_route("/")
    @inject
-   async def index(service: Service = Depends(Provide[Container.service])):
+   async def index(service: Annotated[Service, Depends(Provide[Container.service])]):
        value = await service.process()
        return {"result": value}
 

examples/miniapps/aiohttp/README.rst

@@ -98,8 +98,9 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
-   plugins: asyncio-0.16.0, anyio-3.3.4, aiohttp-0.3.0, cov-3.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, anyio-4.4.0, asyncio-0.24.0, aiohttp-1.0.5
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
    collected 3 items
 
    giphynavigator/tests.py ...                                     [100%]

examples/miniapps/aiohttp/giphynavigator/tests.py

@@ -3,11 +3,15 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
+import pytest_asyncio
 
 from giphynavigator.application import create_app
 from giphynavigator.giphy import GiphyClient
 
 
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.asyncio
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def app():
     app = create_app()
@@ -15,9 +19,9 @@ def app():
     app.container.unwire()
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
-def client(app, aiohttp_client, loop):
-    return loop.run_until_complete(aiohttp_client(app))
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture
+async def client(app, aiohttp_client):
+    return await aiohttp_client(app)
 
 
 async def test_index(client, app):

examples/miniapps/aiohttp/requirements.txt

@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ dependency-injector
 aiohttp
 pyyaml
 pytest-aiohttp
+pytest-asyncio
 pytest-cov

examples/miniapps/asyncio-daemon/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM python:3.10-buster
+FROM python:3.13-bookworm
 
 ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 

examples/miniapps/asyncio-daemon/README.rst

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ Build the Docker image:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose build
+   docker compose build
 
 Run the docker-compose environment:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    docker-compose up
+    docker compose up
 
 The output should be something like:
 
@@ -59,15 +59,16 @@ To run the tests do:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose run --rm monitor py.test monitoringdaemon/tests.py --cov=monitoringdaemon
+   docker compose run --rm monitor py.test monitoringdaemon/tests.py --cov=monitoringdaemon
 
 The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.13.1, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0
    rootdir: /code
-   plugins: asyncio-0.16.0, cov-3.0.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, asyncio-0.24.0
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
    collected 2 items
 
    monitoringdaemon/tests.py ..                                    [100%]

examples/miniapps/asyncio-daemon/monitoringdaemon/tests.py

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ async def test_example_monitor(container, caplog):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_dispatcher(container, caplog, event_loop):
+async def test_dispatcher(container, caplog):
     caplog.set_level("INFO")
 
     example_monitor_mock = mock.AsyncMock()
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ async def test_dispatcher(container, caplog, event_loop):
             httpbin_monitor=httpbin_monitor_mock,
     ):
         dispatcher = container.dispatcher()
+        event_loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
         event_loop.create_task(dispatcher.start())
         await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
         dispatcher.stop()

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM python:3.10-buster
+FROM python:3.13-bookworm
 
 ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/README.rst

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ Build the Docker image:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose build
+   docker compose build
 
 Run the docker-compose environment:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    docker-compose up
+    docker compose up
 
 The output should be something like:
 
@@ -54,16 +54,16 @@ To run the tests do:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose run --rm example py.test fastapiredis/tests.py --cov=fastapiredis
+   docker compose run --rm example py.test fastapiredis/tests.py --cov=fastapiredis
 
 The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.10.9, pytest-7.2.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.13.1, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0
    rootdir: /code
-   plugins: cov-4.0.0, asyncio-0.20.3
-   collected 1 item
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, asyncio-0.24.0, anyio-4.7.0
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
 
    fastapiredis/tests.py .                                         [100%]
 
@@ -77,4 +77,4 @@ The output should be something like:
    fastapiredis/services.py          7      3    57%
    fastapiredis/tests.py            18      0   100%
    -------------------------------------------------
-   TOTAL                            52      7    87%
+   TOTAL                            52      7    87%

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/application.py

@@ -1,18 +1,22 @@
 """Application module."""
 
-from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
-from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
 
 from .containers import Container
 from .services import Service
 
-
 app = FastAPI()
 
 
 @app.api_route("/")
 @inject
-async def index(service: Service = Depends(Provide[Container.service])):
+async def index(
+    service: Annotated[Service, Depends(Provide[Container.service])]
+) -> dict[str, str]:
     value = await service.process()
     return {"result": value}
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/redis.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from typing import AsyncIterator
 
-from aioredis import from_url, Redis
+from redis.asyncio import from_url, Redis
 
 
 async def init_redis_pool(host: str, password: str) -> AsyncIterator[Redis]:

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/services.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Services module."""
 
-from aioredis import Redis
+from redis.asyncio import Redis
 
 
 class Service:

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/tests.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-from httpx import AsyncClient
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 
 from .application import app, container
 from .services import Service
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ from .services import Service
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def client(event_loop):
-    client = AsyncClient(app=app, base_url="http://test")
+    client = AsyncClient(
+        transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+        base_url="http://test",
+    )
     yield client
     event_loop.run_until_complete(client.aclose())
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/requirements.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 dependency-injector
 fastapi
 uvicorn
-aioredis
+redis>=4.2
 
 # For testing:
 pytest

examples/miniapps/fastapi-simple/fastapi_di_example.py

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
 
@@ -18,7 +21,9 @@ app = FastAPI()
 
 @app.api_route("/")
 @inject
-async def index(service: Service = Depends(Provide[Container.service])):
+async def index(
+    service: Annotated[Service, Depends(Provide[Container.service])]
+) -> dict[str, str]:
     result = await service.process()
     return {"result": result}
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-simple/tests.py

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-from httpx import AsyncClient
+import pytest_asyncio
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 
 from fastapi_di_example import app, container, Service
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
-async def client(event_loop):
-    async with AsyncClient(app=app, base_url="http://test") as client:
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture
+async def client():
+    async with AsyncClient(
+        transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+        base_url="http://test",
+    ) as client:
         yield client
 
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM python:3.10-buster
+FROM python:3.13-bookworm
 
 ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 ENV HOST=0.0.0.0

examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/README.rst

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ Build the Docker image:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose build
+   docker compose build
 
 Run the docker-compose environment:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    docker-compose up
+    docker compose up
 
 The output should be something like:
 
@@ -67,15 +67,15 @@ To run the tests do:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker-compose run --rm webapp py.test webapp/tests.py --cov=webapp
+   docker compose run --rm webapp py.test webapp/tests.py --cov=webapp
 
 The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.13.1, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0
    rootdir: /code
-   plugins: cov-3.0.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, anyio-4.7.0
    collected 7 items
 
    webapp/tests.py .......                                         [100%]

examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/requirements.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 dependency-injector
-fastapi
+fastapi[standard]
 uvicorn
 pyyaml
 sqlalchemy

examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/endpoints.py

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 """Endpoints module."""
 
+from typing import Annotated
+
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Response, status
-from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
+
+from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
 
 from .containers import Container
-from .services import UserService
 from .repositories import NotFoundError
+from .services import UserService
 
 router = APIRouter()
 
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 @router.get("/users")
 @inject
 def get_list(
-        user_service: UserService = Depends(Provide[Container.user_service]),
+    user_service: Annotated[UserService, Depends(Provide[Container.user_service])],
 ):
     return user_service.get_users()
 
@@ -21,8 +24,8 @@ def get_list(
 @router.get("/users/{user_id}")
 @inject
 def get_by_id(
-        user_id: int,
-        user_service: UserService = Depends(Provide[Container.user_service]),
+    user_id: int,
+    user_service: Annotated[UserService, Depends(Provide[Container.user_service])],
 ):
     try:
         return user_service.get_user_by_id(user_id)
@@ -33,7 +36,7 @@ def get_by_id(
 @router.post("/users", status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
 @inject
 def add(
-        user_service: UserService = Depends(Provide[Container.user_service]),
+    user_service: Annotated[UserService, Depends(Provide[Container.user_service])],
 ):
     return user_service.create_user()
 
@@ -41,9 +44,9 @@ def add(
 @router.delete("/users/{user_id}", status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
 @inject
 def remove(
-        user_id: int,
-        user_service: UserService = Depends(Provide[Container.user_service]),
-):
+    user_id: int,
+    user_service: Annotated[UserService, Depends(Provide[Container.user_service])],
+) -> Response:
     try:
         user_service.delete_user_by_id(user_id)
     except NotFoundError:

examples/miniapps/fastapi/README.rst

@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
-   plugins: asyncio-0.16.0, cov-3.0.0
-   collected 3 items
+   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, anyio-4.4.0, asyncio-0.24.0, aiohttp-1.0.5
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
 
    giphynavigator/tests.py ...                                     [100%]
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/endpoints.py

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 """Endpoints module."""
 
-from typing import Optional, List
+from typing import Annotated, List
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
 
-from .services import SearchService
+from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
+
 from .containers import Container
+from .services import SearchService
 
 
 class Gif(BaseModel):
@@ -26,11 +27,15 @@ router = APIRouter()
 @router.get("/", response_model=Response)
 @inject
 async def index(
-        query: Optional[str] = None,
-        limit: Optional[str] = None,
-        default_query: str = Depends(Provide[Container.config.default.query]),
-        default_limit: int = Depends(Provide[Container.config.default.limit.as_int()]),
-        search_service: SearchService = Depends(Provide[Container.search_service]),
+    default_query: Annotated[str, Depends(Provide[Container.config.default.query])],
+    default_limit: Annotated[
+        int, Depends(Provide[Container.config.default.limit.as_int()])
+    ],
+    search_service: Annotated[
+        SearchService, Depends(Provide[Container.search_service])
+    ],
+    query: str | None = None,
+    limit: int | None = None,
 ):
     query = query or default_query
     limit = limit or default_limit

examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/tests.py

@@ -3,15 +3,19 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-from httpx import AsyncClient
+import pytest_asyncio
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 
 from giphynavigator.application import app
 from giphynavigator.giphy import GiphyClient
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture
 async def client():
-    async with AsyncClient(app=app, base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(
+        transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+        base_url="http://test",
+    ) as client:
         yield client
 
 

examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints/README.rst

@@ -81,8 +81,9 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
-   plugins: cov-3.0.0, flask-1.2.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, flask-1.3.0
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
    collected 2 items
 
    githubnavigator/tests.py ..                                     [100%]

examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints/githubnavigator/application.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Application module."""
 
 from flask import Flask
-from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap
+from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap4
 
 from .containers import Container
 from .blueprints import example
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def create_app() -> Flask:
     app.container = container
     app.register_blueprint(example.blueprint)
 
-    bootstrap = Bootstrap()
+    bootstrap = Bootstrap4()
     bootstrap.init_app(app)
 
     return app

examples/miniapps/flask/README.rst

@@ -81,8 +81,9 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
-   plugins: cov-3.0.0, flask-1.2.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, flask-1.3.0
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
    collected 2 items
 
    githubnavigator/tests.py ..                                     [100%]

examples/miniapps/flask/githubnavigator/application.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Application module."""
 
 from flask import Flask
-from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap
+from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap4
 
 from .containers import Container
 from . import views
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def create_app() -> Flask:
     app.container = container
     app.add_url_rule("/", "index", views.index)
 
-    bootstrap = Bootstrap()
+    bootstrap = Bootstrap4()
     bootstrap.init_app(app)
 
     return app

examples/miniapps/movie-lister/README.rst

@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
-   plugins: cov-3.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0
    collected 2 items
 
    movies/tests.py ..                                              [100%]

examples/miniapps/movie-lister/movies/tests.py

@@ -26,13 +26,18 @@ def container():
     return container
 
 
-def test_movies_directed_by(container):
+@pytest.fixture
+def finder_mock(container):
     finder_mock = mock.Mock()
     finder_mock.find_all.return_value = [
         container.movie("The 33", 2015, "Patricia Riggen"),
         container.movie("The Jungle Book", 2016, "Jon Favreau"),
     ]
 
+    return finder_mock
+
+
+def test_movies_directed_by(container, finder_mock):
     with container.finder.override(finder_mock):
         lister = container.lister()
         movies = lister.movies_directed_by("Jon Favreau")
@@ -41,13 +46,7 @@ def test_movies_directed_by(container):
     assert movies[0].title == "The Jungle Book"
 
 
-def test_movies_released_in(container):
-    finder_mock = mock.Mock()
-    finder_mock.find_all.return_value = [
-        container.movie("The 33", 2015, "Patricia Riggen"),
-        container.movie("The Jungle Book", 2016, "Jon Favreau"),
-    ]
-
+def test_movies_released_in(container, finder_mock):
     with container.finder.override(finder_mock):
         lister = container.lister()
         movies = lister.movies_released_in(2015)

examples/miniapps/sanic/README.rst

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ To run the application do:
 .. code-block:: bash
 
     export GIPHY_API_KEY=wBJ2wZG7SRqfrU9nPgPiWvORmloDyuL0
-    python -m giphynavigator
+    sanic giphynavigator.application:create_app
 
 The output should be something like:
 
@@ -98,8 +98,9 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
-   plugins: sanic-1.9.1, anyio-3.3.4, cov-3.0.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
+   plugins: cov-6.0.0, anyio-4.4.0, asyncio-0.24.0
+   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
    collected 3 items
 
    giphynavigator/tests.py ...                                     [100%]

examples/miniapps/sanic/giphynavigator/tests.py

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ from sanic import Sanic
 from giphynavigator.application import create_app
 from giphynavigator.giphy import GiphyClient
 
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.asyncio
+
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def app():
@@ -17,12 +19,7 @@ def app():
     app.ctx.container.unwire()
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
-def test_client(loop, app, sanic_client):
-    return loop.run_until_complete(sanic_client(app))
-
-
-async def test_index(app, test_client):
+async def test_index(app):
     giphy_client_mock = mock.AsyncMock(spec=GiphyClient)
     giphy_client_mock.search.return_value = {
         "data": [
@@ -32,7 +29,7 @@ async def test_index(app, test_client):
     }
 
     with app.ctx.container.giphy_client.override(giphy_client_mock):
-        response = await test_client.get(
+        _, response = await app.asgi_client.get(
             "/",
             params={
                 "query": "test",
@@ -41,7 +38,7 @@ async def test_index(app, test_client):
         )
 
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    data = response.json()
+    data = response.json
     assert data == {
         "query": "test",
         "limit": 10,
@@ -52,30 +49,30 @@ async def test_index(app, test_client):
     }
 
 
-async def test_index_no_data(app, test_client):
+async def test_index_no_data(app):
     giphy_client_mock = mock.AsyncMock(spec=GiphyClient)
     giphy_client_mock.search.return_value = {
         "data": [],
     }
 
     with app.ctx.container.giphy_client.override(giphy_client_mock):
-        response = await test_client.get("/")
+        _, response = await app.asgi_client.get("/")
 
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    data = response.json()
+    data = response.json
     assert data["gifs"] == []
 
 
-async def test_index_default_params(app, test_client):
+async def test_index_default_params(app):
     giphy_client_mock = mock.AsyncMock(spec=GiphyClient)
     giphy_client_mock.search.return_value = {
         "data": [],
     }
 
     with app.ctx.container.giphy_client.override(giphy_client_mock):
-        response = await test_client.get("/")
+        _, response = await app.asgi_client.get("/")
 
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    data = response.json()
+    data = response.json
     assert data["query"] == app.ctx.container.config.default.query()
     assert data["limit"] == app.ctx.container.config.default.limit()

examples/miniapps/sanic/requirements.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 dependency-injector
-sanic<=21.6
+sanic
+sanic-testing
 aiohttp
 pyyaml
-pytest-sanic
 pytest-cov

examples/miniapps/starlette-lifespan/README.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Integration With Starlette-based Frameworks
+===========================================
+
+This is a `Starlette <https://www.starlette.io/>`_ +
+`Dependency Injector <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/>`_ example application
+utilizing `lifespan API <https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/>`_.
+
+.. note::
+
+    Pretty much `any framework built on top of Starlette <https://www.starlette.io/third-party-packages/#frameworks>`_
+    supports this feature (`FastAPI <https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/#lifespan>`_,
+    `Xpresso <https://xpresso-api.dev/latest/tutorial/lifespan/>`_, etc...).
+
+Run
+---
+
+Create virtual environment:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    python -m venv env
+    . env/bin/activate
+
+Install requirements:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    pip install -r requirements.txt
+
+To run the application do:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    python example.py
+    # or (logging won't be configured):
+    uvicorn --factory example:container.app
+
+After that visit http://127.0.0.1:8000/ in your browser or use CLI command (``curl``, ``httpie``,
+etc).

examples/miniapps/starlette-lifespan/example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+from logging import basicConfig, getLogger
+
+from dependency_injector.containers import DeclarativeContainer
+from dependency_injector.ext.starlette import Lifespan
+from dependency_injector.providers import Factory, Resource, Self, Singleton
+from starlette.applications import Starlette
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+from starlette.routing import Route
+
+count = 0
+
+
+def init():
+    log = getLogger(__name__)
+    log.info("Inittializing resources")
+    yield
+    log.info("Cleaning up resources")
+
+
+async def homepage(request: Request) -> JSONResponse:
+    global count
+    response = JSONResponse({"hello": "world", "count": count})
+    count += 1
+    return response
+
+
+class Container(DeclarativeContainer):
+    __self__ = Self()
+    lifespan = Singleton(Lifespan, __self__)
+    logging = Resource(
+        basicConfig,
+        level="DEBUG",
+        datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M",
+        format="%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(name)s: %(message)s",
+    )
+    init = Resource(init)
+    app = Factory(
+        Starlette,
+        debug=True,
+        lifespan=lifespan,
+        routes=[Route("/", homepage)],
+    )
+
+
+container = Container()
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import uvicorn
+
+    uvicorn.run(
+        container.app,
+        factory=True,
+        # NOTE: `None` prevents uvicorn from configuring logging, which is
+        #       impossible via CLI
+        log_config=None,
+    )

examples/miniapps/starlette-lifespan/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+dependency-injector
+starlette
+uvicorn

examples/providers/configuration/configuration_pydantic.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import os
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-from pydantic import BaseSettings, Field
+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
 
 # Emulate environment variables
 os.environ["AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"] = "KEY"
@@ -11,15 +11,16 @@ os.environ["AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"] = "SECRET"
 
 
 class AwsSettings(BaseSettings):
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(env_prefix="aws_")
 
-    access_key_id: str = Field(env="aws_access_key_id")
-    secret_access_key: str = Field(env="aws_secret_access_key")
+    access_key_id: str
+    secret_access_key: str
 
 
 class Settings(BaseSettings):
 
     aws: AwsSettings = AwsSettings()
-    optional: str = Field(default="default_value")
+    optional: str = "default_value"
 
 
 class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

examples/providers/configuration/configuration_pydantic_init.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import os
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-from pydantic import BaseSettings, Field
+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
 
 # Emulate environment variables
 os.environ["AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"] = "KEY"
@@ -11,15 +11,16 @@ os.environ["AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"] = "SECRET"
 
 
 class AwsSettings(BaseSettings):
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(env_prefix="aws_")
 
-    access_key_id: str = Field(env="aws_access_key_id")
-    secret_access_key: str = Field(env="aws_secret_access_key")
+    access_key_id: str
+    secret_access_key: str
 
 
 class Settings(BaseSettings):
 
     aws: AwsSettings = AwsSettings()
-    optional: str = Field(default="default_value")
+    optional: str = "default_value"
 
 
 class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

examples/wiring/example.py

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
+from typing import Annotated
 
 
-class Service:
-    ...
+class Service: ...
 
 
 class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
@@ -13,9 +13,16 @@ class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
     service = providers.Factory(Service)
 
 
+# You can place marker on parameter default value
 @inject
-def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]) -> None:
-    ...
+def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]) -> None: ...
+
+
+# Also, you can place marker with typing.Annotated
+@inject
+def main_with_annotated(
+    service: Annotated[Service, Provide[Container.service]]
+) -> None: ...
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools", "Cython"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+[project]
+name = "dependency-injector"
+authors = [
+    {name = "Roman Mogylatov", email = "rmogilatov@gmail.com"},
+]
+maintainers = [
+    {name = "Roman Mogylatov", email = "rmogilatov@gmail.com"},
+]
+description = "Dependency injection framework for Python"
+readme = {file = "README.rst", content-type = "text/x-rst"}
+license = {file = "LICENSE.rst", content-type = "text/x-rst"}
+requires-python = ">=3.7"
+keywords = [
+    "Dependency injection",
+    "DI",
+    "Inversion of Control",
+    "IoC",
+    "Factory",
+    "Singleton",
+    "Design patterns",
+    "Flask",
+]
+classifiers = [
+    "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
+    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
+    "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
+    "Operating System :: OS Independent",
+    "Programming Language :: Python",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
+    "Framework :: AsyncIO",
+    "Framework :: Bottle",
+    "Framework :: Django",
+    "Framework :: Flask",
+    "Framework :: Pylons",
+    "Framework :: Pyramid",
+    "Framework :: Pytest",
+    "Framework :: TurboGears",
+    "Topic :: Software Development",
+    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries",
+    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
+]
+dynamic = ["version"]
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+yaml = ["pyyaml"]
+pydantic = ["pydantic"]
+pydantic2 = ["pydantic-settings"]
+flask = ["flask"]
+aiohttp = ["aiohttp"]
+
+[project.urls]
+Homepage = "https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector"
+Documentation = "https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/"
+Download = "https://pypi.python.org/pypi/dependency_injector"
+
+[tool.setuptools]
+package-dir = {"" = "src"}
+
+[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
+where = ["src"]
+
+[tool.setuptools.package-data]
+dependency_injector = ["*.pxd", "*.pyi", "py.typed"]
+
+[tool.setuptools.dynamic]
+version = {attr = "dependency_injector.__version__"}
+
+[tool.coverage.run]
+branch = false
+relative_files = true
+source_pkgs = ["dependency_injector"]
+plugins = ["Cython.Coverage"]
+
+[tool.coverage.html]
+directory = "reports/unittests/"
+
+[tool.coverage.report]
+show_missing = true
+
+[tool.isort]
+profile = "black"
+
+[tool.pylint.main]
+ignore = ["tests"]
+
+[tool.pylint.design]
+min-public-methods = 0
+max-public-methods = 30

requirements-dev.txt

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ pytest-asyncio
 tox
 coverage
 flake8
+flake8-pyproject
 pydocstyle
 sphinx_autobuild
 pip
@@ -17,5 +18,6 @@ numpy
 scipy
 boto3
 mypy_boto3_s3
+typing_extensions
 
 -r requirements-ext.txt

requirements-ext.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-flask==2.1.3
-werkzeug==2.2.2
+flask
+werkzeug
 aiohttp

requirements.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-six>=1.7.0,<=1.16.0

setup.cfg

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 max_line_length = 120
 max_complexity = 10
 exclude = types.py
+extend-ignore = E203,E701
 per-file-ignores =
     examples/demo/*: F841
     examples/containers/traverse.py: E501

setup.py

@@ -1,128 +1,42 @@
 """`Dependency injector` setup script."""
 
 import os
-import re
-import sys
 
-from setuptools import setup, Extension
+from Cython.Build import cythonize
+from Cython.Compiler import Options
+from setuptools import Extension, setup
 
-
-def _open(filename):
-    if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
-        return open(filename)
-    return open(filename, encoding="utf-8")
-
-
-# Defining setup variables:
-defined_macros = dict()
-defined_macros["CYTHON_CLINE_IN_TRACEBACK"] = 0
-
-# Getting description:
-with _open("README.rst") as readme_file:
-    description = readme_file.read()
-
-# Getting requirements:
-with _open("requirements.txt") as requirements_file:
-    requirements = requirements_file.readlines()
-
-# Getting version:
-with _open("src/dependency_injector/__init__.py") as init_file:
-    version = re.search("__version__ = \"(.*?)\"", init_file.read()).group(1)
+debug = os.environ.get("DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE") == "1"
+defined_macros = []
+compiler_directives = {
+    "language_level": 3,
+    "profile": debug,
+    "linetrace": debug,
+}
+Options.annotate = debug
 
 # Adding debug options:
-if os.environ.get("DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE") == "1":
-    defined_macros["CYTHON_TRACE"] = 1
-    defined_macros["CYTHON_TRACE_NOGIL"] = 1
-    defined_macros["CYTHON_CLINE_IN_TRACEBACK"] = 1
+if debug:
+    defined_macros.extend(
+        [
+            ("CYTHON_TRACE", "1"),
+            ("CYTHON_TRACE_NOGIL", "1"),
+            ("CYTHON_CLINE_IN_TRACEBACK", "1"),
+        ]
+    )
 
 
-setup(name="dependency-injector",
-      version=version,
-      description="Dependency injection framework for Python",
-      long_description=description,
-      author="Roman Mogylatov",
-      author_email="rmogilatov@gmail.com",
-      maintainer="Roman Mogylatov",
-      maintainer_email="rmogilatov@gmail.com",
-      url="https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector",
-      download_url="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/dependency_injector",
-      packages=[
-          "dependency_injector",
-          "dependency_injector.ext",
-      ],
-      package_dir={
-          "": "src",
-      },
-      package_data={
-          "dependency_injector": ["*.pxd", "*.pyi", "py.typed"],
-      },
-      ext_modules=[
-          Extension("dependency_injector.containers",
-                    ["src/dependency_injector/containers.c"],
-                    define_macros=list(defined_macros.items()),
-                    extra_compile_args=["-O2"]),
-          Extension("dependency_injector.providers",
-                    ["src/dependency_injector/providers.c"],
-                    define_macros=list(defined_macros.items()),
-                    extra_compile_args=["-O2"]),
-          Extension("dependency_injector._cwiring",
-                    ["src/dependency_injector/_cwiring.c"],
-                    define_macros=list(defined_macros.items()),
-                    extra_compile_args=["-O2"]),
-      ],
-      install_requires=requirements,
-      extras_require={
-          "yaml": [
-              "pyyaml",
-          ],
-          "pydantic": [
-              "pydantic",
-          ],
-          "flask": [
-              "flask",
-          ],
-          "aiohttp": [
-              "aiohttp",
-          ],
-      },
-      zip_safe=True,
-      license="BSD New",
-      platforms=["any"],
-      keywords=[
-          "Dependency injection",
-          "DI",
-          "Inversion of Control",
-          "IoC",
-          "Factory",
-          "Singleton",
-          "Design patterns",
-          "Flask",
-      ],
-      classifiers=[
-          "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
-          "Intended Audience :: Developers",
-          "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
-          "Operating System :: OS Independent",
-          "Programming Language :: Python",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
-          "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
-          "Framework :: AsyncIO",
-          "Framework :: Bottle",
-          "Framework :: Django",
-          "Framework :: Flask",
-          "Framework :: Pylons",
-          "Framework :: Pyramid",
-          "Framework :: Pytest",
-          "Framework :: TurboGears",
-          "Topic :: Software Development",
-          "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries",
-          "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
-      ])
+setup(
+    ext_modules=cythonize(
+        [
+            Extension(
+                "*",
+                ["src/**/*.pyx"],
+                define_macros=defined_macros,
+            ),
+        ],
+        annotate=debug,
+        show_all_warnings=True,
+        compiler_directives=compiler_directives,
+    ),
+)

src/dependency_injector/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Top-level package."""
 
-__version__ = "4.43.0"
+__version__ = "4.46.0"
 """Version number.
 
 :type: str

src/dependency_injector/_cwiring.pyx

@@ -2,44 +2,39 @@
 
 import asyncio
 import collections.abc
-import functools
 import inspect
 import types
 
-from . import providers
-from .wiring import _Marker, PatchedCallable
+from .wiring import _Marker
 
-from .providers cimport Provider
+from .providers cimport Provider, Resource
 
 
-def _get_sync_patched(fn, patched: PatchedCallable):
-    @functools.wraps(fn)
-    def _patched(*args, **kwargs):
-        cdef object result
-        cdef dict to_inject
-        cdef object arg_key
-        cdef Provider provider
+def _sync_inject(object fn, tuple args, dict kwargs, dict injections, dict closings, /):
+    cdef object result
+    cdef dict to_inject
+    cdef object arg_key
+    cdef Provider provider
 
-        to_inject = kwargs.copy()
-        for arg_key, provider in patched.injections.items():
-            if arg_key not in kwargs or isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
-                to_inject[arg_key] = provider()
+    to_inject = kwargs.copy()
+    for arg_key, provider in injections.items():
+        if arg_key not in kwargs or isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
+            to_inject[arg_key] = provider()
 
-        result = fn(*args, **to_inject)
+    result = fn(*args, **to_inject)
 
-        if patched.closing:
-            for arg_key, provider in patched.closing.items():
-                if arg_key in kwargs and not isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
-                    continue
-                if not isinstance(provider, providers.Resource):
-                    continue
-                provider.shutdown()
+    if closings:
+        for arg_key, provider in closings.items():
+            if arg_key in kwargs and not isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
+                continue
+            if not isinstance(provider, Resource):
+                continue
+            provider.shutdown()
 
-        return result
-    return _patched
+    return result
 
 
-async def _async_inject(object fn, tuple args, dict kwargs, dict injections, dict closings):
+async def _async_inject(object fn, tuple args, dict kwargs, dict injections, dict closings, /):
     cdef object result
     cdef dict to_inject
     cdef list to_inject_await = []
@@ -69,7 +64,7 @@ async def _async_inject(object fn, tuple args, dict kwargs, dict injections, dic
         for arg_key, provider in closings.items():
             if arg_key in kwargs and isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
                 continue
-            if not isinstance(provider, providers.Resource):
+            if not isinstance(provider, Resource):
                 continue
             shutdown = provider.shutdown()
             if _isawaitable(shutdown):

src/dependency_injector/containers.pyi

@@ -19,21 +19,24 @@ from typing import (
 
 from .providers import Provider, Self, ProviderParent
 
-
 C_Base = TypeVar("C_Base", bound="Container")
 C = TypeVar("C", bound="DeclarativeContainer")
 C_Overriding = TypeVar("C_Overriding", bound="DeclarativeContainer")
 T = TypeVar("T")
 TT = TypeVar("TT")
 
-
 class WiringConfiguration:
     modules: List[Any]
     packages: List[Any]
     from_package: Optional[str]
     auto_wire: bool
-    def __init__(self, modules: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None, packages: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None, from_package: Optional[str] = None, auto_wire: bool = True) -> None: ...
-
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        modules: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None,
+        packages: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None,
+        from_package: Optional[str] = None,
+        auto_wire: bool = True,
+    ) -> None: ...
 
 class Container:
     provider_type: Type[Provider] = Provider
@@ -51,11 +54,18 @@ class Container:
     def set_providers(self, **providers: Provider): ...
     def set_provider(self, name: str, provider: Provider) -> None: ...
     def override(self, overriding: Union[Container, Type[Container]]) -> None: ...
-    def override_providers(self, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]) -> ProvidersOverridingContext[C_Base]: ...
+    def override_providers(
+        self, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]
+    ) -> ProvidersOverridingContext[C_Base]: ...
     def reset_last_overriding(self) -> None: ...
     def reset_override(self) -> None: ...
     def is_auto_wiring_enabled(self) -> bool: ...
-    def wire(self, modules: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None, packages: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None, from_package: Optional[str] = None) -> None: ...
+    def wire(
+        self,
+        modules: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None,
+        packages: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None,
+        from_package: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
     def unwire(self) -> None: ...
     def init_resources(self) -> Optional[Awaitable]: ...
     def shutdown_resources(self) -> Optional[Awaitable]: ...
@@ -64,7 +74,9 @@ class Container:
     def reset_singletons(self) -> SingletonResetContext[C_Base]: ...
     def check_dependencies(self) -> None: ...
     def from_schema(self, schema: Dict[Any, Any]) -> None: ...
-    def from_yaml_schema(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], loader: Optional[Any]=None) -> None: ...
+    def from_yaml_schema(
+        self, filepath: Union[Path, str], loader: Optional[Any] = None
+    ) -> None: ...
     def from_json_schema(self, filepath: Union[Path, str]) -> None: ...
     @overload
     def resolve_provider_name(self, provider: Provider) -> str: ...
@@ -82,10 +94,8 @@ class Container:
     @overload
     def traverse(cls, types: Optional[Iterable[Type[TT]]] = None) -> Iterator[TT]: ...
 
-
 class DynamicContainer(Container): ...
 
-
 class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
     cls_providers: ClassVar[Dict[str, Provider]]
     inherited_providers: ClassVar[Dict[str, Provider]]
@@ -93,29 +103,28 @@ class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
     @classmethod
     def override(cls, overriding: Union[Container, Type[Container]]) -> None: ...
     @classmethod
-    def override_providers(cls, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]) -> ProvidersOverridingContext[C_Base]: ...
+    def override_providers(
+        cls, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]
+    ) -> ProvidersOverridingContext[C_Base]: ...
     @classmethod
     def reset_last_overriding(cls) -> None: ...
     @classmethod
     def reset_override(cls) -> None: ...
 
-
 class ProvidersOverridingContext(Generic[T]):
-    def __init__(self, container: T, overridden_providers: Iterable[Union[Provider, Any]]) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self, container: T, overridden_providers: Iterable[Union[Provider, Any]]
+    ) -> None: ...
     def __enter__(self) -> T: ...
     def __exit__(self, *_: Any) -> None: ...
 
-
 class SingletonResetContext(Generic[T]):
     def __init__(self, container: T): ...
     def __enter__(self) -> T: ...
     def __exit__(self, *_: Any) -> None: ...
 
-
-def override(container: Type[C]) -> _Callable[[Type[C_Overriding]], Type[C_Overriding]]: ...
-
-
+def override(
+    container: Type[C],
+) -> _Callable[[Type[C_Overriding]], Type[C_Overriding]]: ...
 def copy(container: Type[C]) -> _Callable[[Type[C_Overriding]], Type[C_Overriding]]: ...
-
-
 def is_container(instance: Any) -> bool: ...

src/dependency_injector/containers.pyx

@@ -1,45 +1,20 @@
 """Containers module."""
 
+import asyncio
 import contextlib
 import copy as copy_module
 import json
-import sys
 import importlib
 import inspect
-import warnings
-
-try:
-    import asyncio
-except ImportError:
-    asyncio = None
 
 try:
     import yaml
 except ImportError:
     yaml = None
 
-import six
-
 from . import providers, errors
 from .providers cimport __is_future_or_coroutine
-
-
-if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 6):
-    from .wiring import wire, unwire
-else:
-    def wire(*args, **kwargs):
-        raise NotImplementedError("Wiring requires Python 3.6 or above")
-
-    def unwire(*args, **kwargs):
-        raise NotImplementedError("Wiring requires Python 3.6 or above")
-
-if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 5):
-    warnings.warn(
-        "Dependency Injector will drop support of Python 3.5 after Jan 1st of 2022. "
-        "This does not mean that there will be any immediate breaking changes, "
-        "but tests will no longer be executed on Python 3.5, and bugs will not be addressed.",
-        category=DeprecationWarning,
-    )
+from .wiring import wire, unwire
 
 
 class WiringConfiguration:
@@ -55,7 +30,7 @@ class WiringConfiguration:
         return self.__class__(self.modules, self.packages, self.from_package, self.auto_wire)
 
 
-class Container(object):
+class Container:
     """Abstract container."""
 
 
@@ -201,7 +176,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
 
         :rtype: None
         """
-        for name, provider in six.iteritems(providers):
+        for name, provider in providers.items():
             setattr(self, name, provider)
 
     def set_provider(self, name, provider):
@@ -234,7 +209,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
 
         self.overridden += (overriding,)
 
-        for name, provider in six.iteritems(overriding.providers):
+        for name, provider in overriding.providers.items():
             try:
                 getattr(self, name).override(provider)
             except AttributeError:
@@ -250,7 +225,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         :rtype: None
         """
         overridden_providers = []
-        for name, overriding_provider in six.iteritems(overriding_providers):
+        for name, overriding_provider in overriding_providers.items():
             container_provider = getattr(self, name)
             container_provider.override(overriding_provider)
             overridden_providers.append(container_provider)
@@ -266,7 +241,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
 
         self.overridden = self.overridden[:-1]
 
-        for provider in six.itervalues(self.providers):
+        for provider in self.providers.values():
             provider.reset_last_overriding()
 
     def reset_override(self):
@@ -276,7 +251,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         """
         self.overridden = tuple()
 
-        for provider in six.itervalues(self.providers):
+        for provider in self.providers.values():
             provider.reset_override()
 
     def is_auto_wiring_enabled(self):
@@ -495,13 +470,13 @@ class DeclarativeContainerMetaClass(type):
 
         containers = {
             name: container
-            for name, container in six.iteritems(attributes)
+            for name, container in attributes.items()
             if is_container(container)
         }
 
         cls_providers = {
             name: provider
-            for name, provider in six.iteritems(attributes)
+            for name, provider in attributes.items()
             if isinstance(provider, providers.Provider) and not isinstance(provider, providers.Self)
         }
 
@@ -509,7 +484,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainerMetaClass(type):
             name: provider
             for base in bases
             if is_container(base) and base is not DynamicContainer
-            for name, provider in six.iteritems(base.providers)
+            for name, provider in base.providers.items()
         }
 
         all_providers = {}
@@ -536,10 +511,10 @@ class DeclarativeContainerMetaClass(type):
         self.set_container(cls)
         cls.__self__ = self
 
-        for provider in six.itervalues(cls.providers):
+        for provider in cls.providers.values():
             _check_provider_type(cls, provider)
 
-        for provider in six.itervalues(cls.cls_providers):
+        for provider in cls.cls_providers.values():
             if isinstance(provider, providers.CHILD_PROVIDERS):
                 provider.assign_parent(cls)
 
@@ -641,8 +616,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainerMetaClass(type):
         return self
 
 
-@six.add_metaclass(DeclarativeContainerMetaClass)
-class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
+class DeclarativeContainer(Container, metaclass=DeclarativeContainerMetaClass):
     """Declarative inversion of control container.
 
     .. code-block:: python
@@ -767,7 +741,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
 
         cls.overridden += (overriding,)
 
-        for name, provider in six.iteritems(overriding.cls_providers):
+        for name, provider in overriding.cls_providers.items():
             try:
                 getattr(cls, name).override(provider)
             except AttributeError:
@@ -784,7 +758,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
 
         cls.overridden = cls.overridden[:-1]
 
-        for provider in six.itervalues(cls.providers):
+        for provider in cls.providers.values():
             provider.reset_last_overriding()
 
     @classmethod
@@ -795,7 +769,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
         """
         cls.overridden = tuple()
 
-        for provider in six.itervalues(cls.providers):
+        for provider in cls.providers.values():
             provider.reset_override()
 
 
@@ -858,7 +832,7 @@ def copy(object base_container):
     """
     def _get_memo_for_matching_names(new_providers, base_providers):
         memo = {}
-        for new_provider_name, new_provider in six.iteritems(new_providers):
+        for new_provider_name, new_provider in new_providers.items():
             if new_provider_name not in base_providers:
                 continue
             source_provider = base_providers[new_provider_name]
@@ -877,7 +851,7 @@ def copy(object base_container):
         new_providers.update(providers.deepcopy(base_container.providers, memo))
         new_providers.update(providers.deepcopy(new_container.cls_providers, memo))
 
-        for name, provider in six.iteritems(new_providers):
+        for name, provider in new_providers.items():
             setattr(new_container, name, provider)
         return new_container
 

src/dependency_injector/errors.py

@@ -10,3 +10,24 @@ class Error(Exception):
 
 class NoSuchProviderError(Error, AttributeError):
     """Error that is raised when provider lookup is failed."""
+
+
+class NonCopyableArgumentError(Error):
+    """Error that is raised when provider argument is not deep-copyable."""
+
+    index: int
+    keyword: str
+    provider: object
+
+    def __init__(self, provider: object, index: int = -1, keyword: str = "") -> None:
+        self.provider = provider
+        self.index = index
+        self.keyword = keyword
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        s = (
+            f"keyword argument {self.keyword}"
+            if self.keyword
+            else f"argument at index {self.index}"
+        )
+        return f"Couldn't copy {s} for provider {self.provider!r}"

src/dependency_injector/ext/aiohttp.py

@@ -38,9 +38,11 @@ class View(providers.Callable):
 
     def as_view(self):
         """Return aiohttp view function."""
+
         @functools.wraps(self.provides)
         async def _view(request, *args, **kwargs):
             return await self.__call__(request, *args, **kwargs)
+
         return _view
 
 
@@ -49,6 +51,8 @@ class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory):
 
     def as_view(self):
         """Return aiohttp view function."""
+
         async def _view(request, *args, **kwargs):
             return await self.__call__(request, *args, **kwargs)
+
         return _view

src/dependency_injector/ext/aiohttp.pyi

@@ -2,22 +2,13 @@ from typing import Awaitable as _Awaitable
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
-
 class Application(providers.Singleton): ...
-
-
 class Extension(providers.Singleton): ...
-
-
 class Middleware(providers.DelegatedCallable): ...
-
-
 class MiddlewareFactory(providers.Factory): ...
 
-
 class View(providers.Callable):
     def as_view(self) -> _Awaitable: ...
 
-
 class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory):
     def as_view(self) -> _Awaitable: ...

src/dependency_injector/ext/flask.py

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory):
 def as_view(provider, name=None):
     """Transform class-based view provider to view function."""
     if isinstance(provider, providers.Factory):
+
         def view(*args, **kwargs):
             self = provider()
             return self.dispatch_request(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -52,12 +53,13 @@ def as_view(provider, name=None):
         assert name, 'Argument "endpoint" is required for class-based views'
         view.__name__ = name
     elif isinstance(provider, providers.Callable):
+
         def view(*args, **kwargs):
             return provider(*args, **kwargs)
 
         view.__name__ = provider.provides.__name__
     else:
-        raise errors.Error('Undefined provider type')
+        raise errors.Error("Undefined provider type")
 
     view.__doc__ = provider.provides.__doc__
     view.__module__ = provider.provides.__module__
@@ -65,14 +67,14 @@ def as_view(provider, name=None):
     if isinstance(provider.provides, type):
         view.view_class = provider.provides
 
-    if hasattr(provider.provides, 'decorators'):
+    if hasattr(provider.provides, "decorators"):
         for decorator in provider.provides.decorators:
             view = decorator(view)
 
-    if hasattr(provider.provides, 'methods'):
+    if hasattr(provider.provides, "methods"):
         view.methods = provider.provides.methods
 
-    if hasattr(provider.provides, 'provide_automatic_options'):
+    if hasattr(provider.provides, "provide_automatic_options"):
         view.provide_automatic_options = provider.provides.provide_automatic_options
 
     return view

src/dependency_injector/ext/flask.pyi

@@ -3,22 +3,17 @@ from typing import Union, Optional, Callable as _Callable, Any
 from flask import request as flask_request
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
-
 request: providers.Object[flask_request]
 
-
 class Application(providers.Singleton): ...
-
-
 class Extension(providers.Singleton): ...
 
-
 class View(providers.Callable):
     def as_view(self) -> _Callable[..., Any]: ...
 
-
 class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory):
     def as_view(self, name: str) -> _Callable[..., Any]: ...
 
-
-def as_view(provider: Union[View, ClassBasedView], name: Optional[str] = None) -> _Callable[..., Any]: ...
+def as_view(
+    provider: Union[View, ClassBasedView], name: Optional[str] = None
+) -> _Callable[..., Any]: ...

src/dependency_injector/ext/starlette.py

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import sys
+from typing import Any
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing import Self
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
+from dependency_injector.containers import Container
+
+
+class Lifespan:
+    """A starlette lifespan handler performing container resource initialization and shutdown.
+
+    See https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/ for details.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        from dependency_injector.containers import DeclarativeContainer
+        from dependency_injector.ext.starlette import Lifespan
+        from dependency_injector.providers import Factory, Self, Singleton
+        from starlette.applications import Starlette
+
+        class Container(DeclarativeContainer):
+            __self__ = Self()
+            lifespan = Singleton(Lifespan, __self__)
+            app = Factory(Starlette, lifespan=lifespan)
+
+    :param container: container instance
+    """
+
+    container: Container
+
+    def __init__(self, container: Container) -> None:
+        self.container = container
+
+    def __call__(self, app: Any) -> Self:
+        return self
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
+        result = self.container.init_resources()
+
+        if result is not None:
+            await result
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None:
+        result = self.container.shutdown_resources()
+
+        if result is not None:
+            await result

src/dependency_injector/providers.pxd

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 """Providers module."""
 
-try:
-    import asyncio
-except ImportError:
-    asyncio = None
-
+import asyncio
 import functools
 
 cimport cython
@@ -19,7 +15,7 @@ cdef tuple __COROUTINE_TYPES
 
 
 # Base providers
-cdef class Provider(object):
+cdef class Provider:
     cdef tuple _overridden
     cdef Provider _last_overriding
     cdef tuple _overrides
@@ -291,7 +287,7 @@ cdef class MethodCaller(Provider):
 
 
 # Injections
-cdef class Injection(object):
+cdef class Injection:
     cdef object _value
     cdef int _is_provider
     cdef int _is_delegated
@@ -313,12 +309,12 @@ cpdef tuple parse_named_injections(dict kwargs)
 
 
 # Utils
-cdef class OverridingContext(object):
+cdef class OverridingContext:
     cdef Provider _overridden
     cdef Provider _overriding
 
 
-cdef class BaseSingletonResetContext(object):
+cdef class BaseSingletonResetContext:
     cdef object _singleton
 
 

src/dependency_injector/providers.pyi

@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ except ImportError:
 
 from . import resources
 
-
 Injection = Any
 ProviderParent = Union["Provider", Any]
 T = TypeVar("T")
@@ -41,16 +40,13 @@ TT = TypeVar("TT")
 P = TypeVar("P", bound="Provider")
 BS = TypeVar("BS", bound="BaseSingleton")
 
-
 class Provider(Generic[T]):
     def __init__(self) -> None: ...
-
     @overload
     def __call__(self, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> T: ...
     @overload
     def __call__(self, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
     def async_(self, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
-
     def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]]) -> Provider: ...
     def __str__(self) -> str: ...
     def __repr__(self) -> str: ...
@@ -67,9 +63,9 @@ class Provider(Generic[T]):
     def unregister_overrides(self, provider: Union[Provider, Any]) -> None: ...
     def delegate(self) -> Provider: ...
     @property
-    def provider(self) -> Provider: ...
+    def provider(self) -> Provider[T]: ...
     @property
-    def provided(self) -> ProvidedInstance: ...
+    def provided(self) -> ProvidedInstance[T]: ...
     def enable_async_mode(self) -> None: ...
     def disable_async_mode(self) -> None: ...
     def reset_async_mode(self) -> None: ...
@@ -78,9 +74,12 @@ class Provider(Generic[T]):
     def is_async_mode_undefined(self) -> bool: ...
     @property
     def related(self) -> _Iterator[Provider]: ...
-    def traverse(self, types: Optional[_Iterable[Type[TT]]] = None) -> _Iterator[TT]: ...
-    def _copy_overridings(self, copied: Provider, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]]) -> None: ...
-
+    def traverse(
+        self, types: Optional[_Iterable[Type[TT]]] = None
+    ) -> _Iterator[TT]: ...
+    def _copy_overridings(
+        self, copied: Provider, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]]
+    ) -> None: ...
 
 class Object(Provider[T]):
     def __init__(self, provides: Optional[T] = None) -> None: ...
@@ -88,7 +87,6 @@ class Object(Provider[T]):
     def provides(self) -> Optional[T]: ...
     def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[T]) -> Object: ...
 
-
 class Self(Provider[T]):
     def __init__(self, container: Optional[T] = None) -> None: ...
     def set_container(self, container: T) -> None: ...
@@ -96,41 +94,51 @@ class Self(Provider[T]):
     @property
     def alt_names(self) -> Tuple[Any]: ...
 
-
 class Delegate(Provider[Provider]):
     def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None) -> None: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[Provider]: ...
     def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Provider]) -> Delegate: ...
 
-
 class Aggregate(Provider[T]):
-    def __init__(self, provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Provider[T]]] = None, **provider_kwargs: Provider[T]): ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Provider[T]]] = None,
+        **provider_kwargs: Provider[T],
+    ): ...
     def __getattr__(self, provider_name: Any) -> Provider[T]: ...
-
     @overload
-    def __call__(self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> T: ...
+    def __call__(
+        self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
+    ) -> T: ...
     @overload
-    def __call__(self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
-    def async_(self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
-
+    def __call__(
+        self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
+    ) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
+    def async_(
+        self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
+    ) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
     @property
     def providers(self) -> _Dict[Any, Provider[T]]: ...
-    def set_providers(self, provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Provider[T]]] = None, **provider_kwargs: Provider[T]) -> Aggregate[T]: ...
-
+    def set_providers(
+        self,
+        provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Provider[T]]] = None,
+        **provider_kwargs: Provider[T],
+    ) -> Aggregate[T]: ...
 
 class Dependency(Provider[T]):
-    def __init__(self, instance_of: Type[T] = object, default: Optional[Union[Provider, Any]] = None) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        instance_of: Type[T] = object,
+        default: Optional[Union[Provider, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
     def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any: ...
-
     @property
     def instance_of(self) -> Type[T]: ...
     def set_instance_of(self, instance_of: Type[T]) -> Dependency[T]: ...
-
     @property
     def default(self) -> Provider[T]: ...
     def set_default(self, default: Optional[Union[Provider, Any]]) -> Dependency[T]: ...
-
     @property
     def is_defined(self) -> bool: ...
     def provided_by(self, provider: Provider) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
@@ -140,10 +148,8 @@ class Dependency(Provider[T]):
     def parent_name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def assign_parent(self, parent: ProviderParent) -> None: ...
 
-
 class ExternalDependency(Dependency[T]): ...
 
-
 class DependenciesContainer(Object):
     def __init__(self, **dependencies: Provider) -> None: ...
     def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider: ...
@@ -156,12 +162,18 @@ class DependenciesContainer(Object):
     def parent_name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def assign_parent(self, parent: ProviderParent) -> None: ...
 
-
 class Callable(Provider[T]):
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., T]]: ...
-    def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]) -> Callable[T]: ...
+    def set_provides(
+        self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]
+    ) -> Callable[T]: ...
     @property
     def args(self) -> Tuple[Injection]: ...
     def add_args(self, *args: Injection) -> Callable[T]: ...
@@ -173,32 +185,23 @@ class Callable(Provider[T]):
     def set_kwargs(self, **kwargs: Injection) -> Callable[T]: ...
     def clear_kwargs(self) -> Callable[T]: ...
 
-
 class DelegatedCallable(Callable[T]): ...
 
-
 class AbstractCallable(Callable[T]):
     def override(self, provider: Callable) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
 
-
 class CallableDelegate(Delegate):
     def __init__(self, callable: Callable) -> None: ...
 
-
 class Coroutine(Callable[T]): ...
-
-
 class DelegatedCoroutine(Coroutine[T]): ...
 
-
 class AbstractCoroutine(Coroutine[T]):
     def override(self, provider: Coroutine) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
 
-
 class CoroutineDelegate(Delegate):
     def __init__(self, coroutine: Coroutine) -> None: ...
 
-
 class ConfigurationOption(Provider[Any]):
     UNDEFINED: object
     def __init__(self, name: Tuple[str], root: Configuration) -> None: ...
@@ -212,89 +215,137 @@ class ConfigurationOption(Provider[Any]):
     def get_name_segments(self) -> Tuple[Union[str, Provider]]: ...
     def as_int(self) -> TypedConfigurationOption[int]: ...
     def as_float(self) -> TypedConfigurationOption[float]: ...
-    def as_(self, callback: _Callable[..., T], *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> TypedConfigurationOption[T]: ...
+    def as_(
+        self, callback: _Callable[..., T], *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
+    ) -> TypedConfigurationOption[T]: ...
     def required(self) -> ConfigurationOption: ...
     def is_required(self) -> bool: ...
     def update(self, value: Any) -> None: ...
-    def from_ini(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def from_yaml(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, loader: Optional[Any] = None, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def from_json(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def from_pydantic(self, settings: PydanticSettings, required: bool = False, **kwargs: Any) -> None: ...
+    def from_ini(
+        self,
+        filepath: Union[Path, str],
+        required: bool = False,
+        envs_required: Optional[bool] = False,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_yaml(
+        self,
+        filepath: Union[Path, str],
+        required: bool = False,
+        loader: Optional[Any] = None,
+        envs_required: Optional[bool] = False,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_json(
+        self,
+        filepath: Union[Path, str],
+        required: bool = False,
+        envs_required: Optional[bool] = False,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_pydantic(
+        self, settings: PydanticSettings, required: bool = False, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> None: ...
     def from_dict(self, options: _Dict[str, Any], required: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def from_env(self, name: str, default: Optional[Any] = None, required: bool = False, as_: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None) -> None: ...
+    def from_env(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        default: Optional[Any] = None,
+        required: bool = False,
+        as_: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
     def from_value(self, value: Any) -> None: ...
 
-
 class TypedConfigurationOption(Callable[T]):
     @property
     def option(self) -> ConfigurationOption: ...
 
-
 class Configuration(Object[Any]):
     DEFAULT_NAME: str = "config"
     def __init__(
-            self,
-            name: str = DEFAULT_NAME,
-            default: Optional[Any] = None,
-            *,
-            strict: bool = False,
-            ini_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
-            yaml_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
-            json_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
-            pydantic_settings: Optional[_Iterable[PydanticSettings]] = None,
+        self,
+        name: str = DEFAULT_NAME,
+        default: Optional[Any] = None,
+        *,
+        strict: bool = False,
+        ini_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
+        yaml_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
+        json_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
+        pydantic_settings: Optional[_Iterable[PydanticSettings]] = None,
     ) -> None: ...
-    def __enter__(self) -> Configuration : ...
+    def __enter__(self) -> Configuration: ...
     def __exit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None: ...
     def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> ConfigurationOption: ...
     def __getitem__(self, item: Union[str, Provider]) -> ConfigurationOption: ...
-
     def get_name(self) -> str: ...
     def set_name(self, name: str) -> Configuration: ...
-
     def get_default(self) -> _Dict[Any, Any]: ...
     def set_default(self, default: _Dict[Any, Any]): ...
-
     def get_strict(self) -> bool: ...
     def set_strict(self, strict: bool) -> Configuration: ...
-
     def get_children(self) -> _Dict[str, ConfigurationOption]: ...
-    def set_children(self, children: _Dict[str, ConfigurationOption]) -> Configuration: ...
-
+    def set_children(
+        self, children: _Dict[str, ConfigurationOption]
+    ) -> Configuration: ...
     def get_ini_files(self) -> _List[Union[Path, str]]: ...
     def set_ini_files(self, files: _Iterable[Union[Path, str]]) -> Configuration: ...
-
     def get_yaml_files(self) -> _List[Union[Path, str]]: ...
     def set_yaml_files(self, files: _Iterable[Union[Path, str]]) -> Configuration: ...
-
     def get_json_files(self) -> _List[Union[Path, str]]: ...
     def set_json_files(self, files: _Iterable[Union[Path, str]]) -> Configuration: ...
-
     def get_pydantic_settings(self) -> _List[PydanticSettings]: ...
-    def set_pydantic_settings(self, settings: _Iterable[PydanticSettings]) -> Configuration: ...
-
+    def set_pydantic_settings(
+        self, settings: _Iterable[PydanticSettings]
+    ) -> Configuration: ...
     def load(self, required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
-
     def get(self, selector: str) -> Any: ...
     def set(self, selector: str, value: Any) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
     def reset_cache(self) -> None: ...
     def update(self, value: Any) -> None: ...
-    def from_ini(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def from_yaml(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, loader: Optional[Any] = None, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def from_json(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def from_pydantic(self, settings: PydanticSettings, required: bool = False, **kwargs: Any) -> None: ...
+    def from_ini(
+        self,
+        filepath: Union[Path, str],
+        required: bool = False,
+        envs_required: bool = False,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_yaml(
+        self,
+        filepath: Union[Path, str],
+        required: bool = False,
+        loader: Optional[Any] = None,
+        envs_required: bool = False,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_json(
+        self,
+        filepath: Union[Path, str],
+        required: bool = False,
+        envs_required: bool = False,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_pydantic(
+        self, settings: PydanticSettings, required: bool = False, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> None: ...
     def from_dict(self, options: _Dict[str, Any], required: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def from_env(self, name: str, default: Optional[Any] = None, required: bool = False, as_: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None) -> None: ...
+    def from_env(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        default: Optional[Any] = None,
+        required: bool = False,
+        as_: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
     def from_value(self, value: Any) -> None: ...
 
-
 class Factory(Provider[T]):
     provided_type: Optional[Type]
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @property
     def cls(self) -> Type[T]: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., T]]: ...
-    def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]) -> Factory[T]: ...
+    def set_provides(
+        self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]
+    ) -> Factory[T]: ...
     @property
     def args(self) -> Tuple[Injection]: ...
     def add_args(self, *args: Injection) -> Factory[T]: ...
@@ -311,33 +362,39 @@ class Factory(Provider[T]):
     def set_attributes(self, **kwargs: Injection) -> Factory[T]: ...
     def clear_attributes(self) -> Factory[T]: ...
 
-
 class DelegatedFactory(Factory[T]): ...
 
-
 class AbstractFactory(Factory[T]):
     def override(self, provider: Factory) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
 
-
 class FactoryDelegate(Delegate):
     def __init__(self, factory: Factory): ...
 
-
 class FactoryAggregate(Aggregate[T]):
     def __getattr__(self, provider_name: Any) -> Factory[T]: ...
     @property
     def factories(self) -> _Dict[Any, Factory[T]]: ...
-    def set_factories(self, provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Factory[T]]] = None, **provider_kwargs: Factory[T]) -> FactoryAggregate[T]: ...
-
+    def set_factories(
+        self,
+        provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Factory[T]]] = None,
+        **provider_kwargs: Factory[T],
+    ) -> FactoryAggregate[T]: ...
 
 class BaseSingleton(Provider[T]):
     provided_type = Optional[Type]
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @property
     def cls(self) -> Type[T]: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., T]]: ...
-    def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]) -> BaseSingleton[T]: ...
+    def set_provides(
+        self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]
+    ) -> BaseSingleton[T]: ...
     @property
     def args(self) -> Tuple[Injection]: ...
     def add_args(self, *args: Injection) -> BaseSingleton[T]: ...
@@ -356,36 +413,20 @@ class BaseSingleton(Provider[T]):
     def reset(self) -> SingletonResetContext[BS]: ...
     def full_reset(self) -> SingletonFullResetContext[BS]: ...
 
-
 class Singleton(BaseSingleton[T]): ...
-
-
 class DelegatedSingleton(Singleton[T]): ...
-
-
 class ThreadSafeSingleton(Singleton[T]): ...
-
-
 class DelegatedThreadSafeSingleton(ThreadSafeSingleton[T]): ...
-
-
 class ThreadLocalSingleton(BaseSingleton[T]): ...
-
-
 class ContextLocalSingleton(BaseSingleton[T]): ...
-
-
 class DelegatedThreadLocalSingleton(ThreadLocalSingleton[T]): ...
 
-
 class AbstractSingleton(BaseSingleton[T]):
     def override(self, provider: BaseSingleton) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
 
-
 class SingletonDelegate(Delegate):
     def __init__(self, singleton: BaseSingleton): ...
 
-
 class List(Provider[_List]):
     def __init__(self, *args: Injection): ...
     @property
@@ -394,29 +435,63 @@ class List(Provider[_List]):
     def set_args(self, *args: Injection) -> List[T]: ...
     def clear_args(self) -> List[T]: ...
 
-
 class Dict(Provider[_Dict]):
-    def __init__(self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection): ...
+    def __init__(
+        self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection
+    ): ...
     @property
     def kwargs(self) -> _Dict[Any, Injection]: ...
-    def add_kwargs(self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection) -> Dict: ...
-    def set_kwargs(self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection) -> Dict: ...
+    def add_kwargs(
+        self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection
+    ) -> Dict: ...
+    def set_kwargs(
+        self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection
+    ) -> Dict: ...
     def clear_kwargs(self) -> Dict: ...
 
-
 class Resource(Provider[T]):
     @overload
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Type[resources.Resource[T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[Type[resources.Resource[T]]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Type[resources.AsyncResource[T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[Type[resources.AsyncResource[T]]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _Iterator[T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _Iterator[T]]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _AsyncIterator[T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _AsyncIterator[T]]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _Coroutine[Injection, Injection, T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _Coroutine[Injection, Injection, T]]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None,
+        *args: Injection,
+        **kwargs: Injection,
+    ) -> None: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., Any]]: ...
     def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Any]) -> Resource[T]: ...
@@ -435,9 +510,13 @@ class Resource(Provider[T]):
     def init(self) -> Optional[Awaitable[T]]: ...
     def shutdown(self) -> Optional[Awaitable]: ...
 
-
 class Container(Provider[T]):
-    def __init__(self, container_cls: Type[T], container: Optional[T] = None, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        container_cls: Type[T],
+        container: Optional[T] = None,
+        **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any],
+    ) -> None: ...
     def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider: ...
     @property
     def container(self) -> T: ...
@@ -448,50 +527,51 @@ class Container(Provider[T]):
     def parent_name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def assign_parent(self, parent: ProviderParent) -> None: ...
 
-
 class Selector(Provider[Any]):
-    def __init__(self, selector: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None, **providers: Provider): ...
+    def __init__(
+        self, selector: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None, **providers: Provider
+    ): ...
     def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider: ...
-
     @property
     def selector(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., Any]]: ...
     def set_selector(self, selector: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]]) -> Selector: ...
-
     @property
     def providers(self) -> _Dict[str, Provider]: ...
     def set_providers(self, **providers: Provider) -> Selector: ...
 
-
 class ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface:
     def __getattr__(self, item: Any) -> AttributeGetter: ...
     def __getitem__(self, item: Any) -> ItemGetter: ...
     def call(self, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> MethodCaller: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[Provider]: ...
-    def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Provider]) -> ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface: ...
-
+    def set_provides(
+        self, provides: Optional[Provider]
+    ) -> ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface: ...
 
 class ProvidedInstance(Provider, ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface):
     def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None) -> None: ...
 
-
 class AttributeGetter(Provider, ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface):
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, name: Optional[str] = None) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, name: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> None: ...
     @property
     def name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def set_name(self, name: Optional[str]) -> ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface: ...
 
-
 class ItemGetter(Provider, ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface):
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, name: Optional[str] = None) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(
+        self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, name: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> None: ...
     @property
     def name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def set_name(self, name: Optional[str]) -> ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface: ...
 
-
 class MethodCaller(Provider, ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface):
-    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
-
+    def __init__(
+        self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
+    ) -> None: ...
 
 class OverridingContext(Generic[T]):
     def __init__(self, overridden: Provider, overriding: Provider): ...
@@ -500,47 +580,39 @@ class OverridingContext(Generic[T]):
         pass
     ...
 
-
 class BaseSingletonResetContext(Generic[T]):
     def __init__(self, provider: T): ...
     def __enter__(self) -> T: ...
     def __exit__(self, *_: Any) -> None: ...
 
-
-class SingletonResetContext(BaseSingletonResetContext):
-    ...
-
-
-class SingletonFullResetContext(BaseSingletonResetContext):
-    ...
-
+class SingletonResetContext(BaseSingletonResetContext): ...
+class SingletonFullResetContext(BaseSingletonResetContext): ...
 
 CHILD_PROVIDERS: Tuple[Provider]
 
-
 def is_provider(instance: Any) -> bool: ...
-
-
 def ensure_is_provider(instance: Any) -> Provider: ...
-
-
 def is_delegated(instance: Any) -> bool: ...
-
-
 def represent_provider(provider: Provider, provides: Any) -> str: ...
-
-
-def deepcopy(instance: Any, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]] = None): Any: ...
-
-
+def deepcopy(instance: Any, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]] = None) -> Any: ...
+def deepcopy_args(
+    provider: Provider[Any],
+    args: Tuple[Any, ...],
+    memo: Optional[_Dict[int, Any]] = None,
+) -> Tuple[Any, ...]: ...
+def deepcopy_kwargs(
+    provider: Provider[Any],
+    kwargs: _Dict[str, Any],
+    memo: Optional[_Dict[int, Any]] = None,
+) -> Dict[str, Any]: ...
 def merge_dicts(dict1: _Dict[Any, Any], dict2: _Dict[Any, Any]) -> _Dict[Any, Any]: ...
-
-
-def traverse(*providers: Provider, types: Optional[_Iterable[Type]]=None) -> _Iterator[Provider]: ...
-
+def traverse(
+    *providers: Provider, types: Optional[_Iterable[Type]] = None
+) -> _Iterator[Provider]: ...
 
 if yaml:
     class YamlLoader(yaml.SafeLoader): ...
+
 else:
     class YamlLoader: ...
 

src/dependency_injector/providers.pyx

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
+import asyncio
+import builtins
+import contextvars
 import copy
 import errno
 import functools
@@ -12,78 +15,62 @@ import os
 import re
 import sys
 import threading
-import types
 import warnings
+from configparser import ConfigParser as IniConfigParser
 
 try:
-    import contextvars
+    from inspect import _is_coroutine_mark as _is_coroutine_marker
 except ImportError:
-    contextvars = None
-
-try:
-    import builtins
-except ImportError:
-    # Python 2.7
-    import __builtin__ as builtins
-
-try:
-    import asyncio
-except ImportError:
-    asyncio = None
-    _is_coroutine_marker = None
-else:
-    if sys.version_info >= (3, 5, 3):
-        import asyncio.coroutines
-        _is_coroutine_marker = asyncio.coroutines._is_coroutine
-    else:
+    try:
+        # Python >=3.12.0,<3.12.5
+        from inspect import _is_coroutine_marker
+    except ImportError:
         _is_coroutine_marker = True
 
 try:
-    import ConfigParser as iniconfigparser
+    from asyncio.coroutines import _is_coroutine
 except ImportError:
-    import configparser as iniconfigparser
+    _is_coroutine = True
 
 try:
     import yaml
 except ImportError:
     yaml = None
 
+has_pydantic_settings = True
+cdef bint pydantic_v1 = False
+cdef str pydantic_module = "pydantic_settings"
+cdef str pydantic_extra = "pydantic2"
+
 try:
-    import pydantic
+    from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings as PydanticSettings
 except ImportError:
-    pydantic = None
+    try:
+        # pydantic-settings requires pydantic v2,
+        # so it is safe to assume that we're dealing with v1:
+        from pydantic import BaseSettings as PydanticSettings
+        pydantic_v1 = True
+        pydantic_module = "pydantic"
+        pydantic_extra = "pydantic"
+    except ImportError:
+        # if it is present, ofc
+        has_pydantic_settings = False
+
 
 from .errors import (
     Error,
     NoSuchProviderError,
+    NonCopyableArgumentError,
 )
 
 cimport cython
 
 
-if sys.version_info[0] == 3:  # pragma: no cover
-    CLASS_TYPES = (type,)
-else:  # pragma: no cover
-    CLASS_TYPES = (type, types.ClassType)
-
-    copy._deepcopy_dispatch[types.MethodType] = \
-        lambda obj, memo: type(obj)(obj.im_func,
-                                    copy.deepcopy(obj.im_self, memo),
-                                    obj.im_class)
-
-if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 5):
-    warnings.warn(
-        "Dependency Injector will drop support of Python 3.5 after Jan 1st of 2022. "
-        "This does not mean that there will be any immediate breaking changes, "
-        "but tests will no longer be executed on Python 3.5, and bugs will not be addressed.",
-        category=DeprecationWarning,
-    )
-
 config_env_marker_pattern = re.compile(
     r"\${(?P<name>[^}^{:]+)(?P<separator>:?)(?P<default>.*?)}",
 )
 
-def _resolve_config_env_markers(config_content, envs_required=False):
+cdef str _resolve_config_env_markers(config_content: str, envs_required: bool):
     """Replace environment variable markers with their values."""
     findings = list(config_env_marker_pattern.finditer(config_content))
 
@@ -102,28 +89,19 @@ def _resolve_config_env_markers(config_content, envs_required=False):
     return config_content
 
 
-if sys.version_info[0] == 3:
-    def _parse_ini_file(filepath, envs_required=False):
-        parser = iniconfigparser.ConfigParser()
-        with open(filepath) as config_file:
-            config_string = _resolve_config_env_markers(
-                config_file.read(),
-                envs_required=envs_required,
-            )
-        parser.read_string(config_string)
-        return parser
-else:
-    import StringIO
+cdef object _parse_ini_file(filepath, envs_required: bool | None):
+    parser = IniConfigParser()
 
-    def _parse_ini_file(filepath, envs_required=False):
-        parser = iniconfigparser.ConfigParser()
-        with open(filepath) as config_file:
+    with open(filepath) as config_file:
+        config_string = config_file.read()
+
+        if envs_required is not None:
             config_string = _resolve_config_env_markers(
-                config_file.read(),
+                config_string,
                 envs_required=envs_required,
             )
-        parser.readfp(StringIO.StringIO(config_string))
-        return parser
+    parser.read_string(config_string)
+    return parser
 
 
 if yaml:
@@ -147,10 +125,35 @@ cdef int ASYNC_MODE_ENABLED = 1
 cdef int ASYNC_MODE_DISABLED = 2
 
 cdef set __iscoroutine_typecache = set()
-cdef tuple __COROUTINE_TYPES = asyncio.coroutines._COROUTINE_TYPES if asyncio else tuple()
+cdef tuple __COROUTINE_TYPES = asyncio.coroutines._COROUTINE_TYPES
+
+cdef dict pydantic_settings_to_dict(settings, dict kwargs):
+    if not has_pydantic_settings:
+        raise Error(
+            f"Unable to load pydantic configuration - {pydantic_module} is not installed. "
+            "Install pydantic or install Dependency Injector with pydantic extras: "
+            f"\"pip install dependency-injector[{pydantic_extra}]\""
+        )
+
+    if isinstance(settings, type) and issubclass(settings, PydanticSettings):
+        raise Error(
+            "Got settings class, but expect instance: "
+            "instead \"{0}\" use \"{0}()\"".format(settings.__name__)
+        )
+
+    if not isinstance(settings, PydanticSettings):
+        raise Error(
+            f"Unable to recognize settings instance, expect \"{pydantic_module}.BaseSettings\", "
+            f"got {settings} instead"
+        )
+
+    if pydantic_v1:
+        return settings.dict(**kwargs)
+
+    return settings.model_dump(mode="python", **kwargs)
 
 
-cdef class Provider(object):
+cdef class Provider:
     """Base provider class.
 
     :py:class:`Provider` is callable (implements ``__call__`` method). Every
@@ -872,12 +875,9 @@ cdef class Dependency(Provider):
 
     def set_instance_of(self, instance_of):
         """Set type."""
-        if not isinstance(instance_of, CLASS_TYPES):
+        if not isinstance(instance_of, type):
             raise TypeError(
-                "\"instance_of\" has incorrect type (expected {0}, got {1}))".format(
-                    CLASS_TYPES,
-                    instance_of,
-                ),
+                f"\"instance_of\" is not a class (got {instance_of!r}))",
             )
         self._instance_of = instance_of
         return self
@@ -1212,8 +1212,8 @@ cdef class Callable(Provider):
 
         copied = _memorized_duplicate(self, memo)
         copied.set_provides(_copy_if_provider(self.provides, memo))
-        copied.set_args(*deepcopy(self.args, memo))
-        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy(self.kwargs, memo))
+        copied.set_args(*deepcopy_args(self, self.args, memo))
+        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy_kwargs(self, self.kwargs, memo))
         self._copy_overridings(copied, memo)
         return copied
 
@@ -1434,12 +1434,11 @@ cdef class Coroutine(Callable):
         some_coroutine.add_kwargs(keyword_argument1=3, keyword_argument=4)
     """
 
-    _is_coroutine = _is_coroutine_marker
+    _is_coroutine_marker = _is_coroutine_marker  # Python >=3.12
+    _is_coroutine = _is_coroutine  # Python <3.16
 
     def set_provides(self, provides):
         """Set provider provides."""
-        if not asyncio:
-            raise Error("Package asyncio is not available")
         provides = _resolve_string_import(provides)
         if provides and not asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(provides):
             raise Error(f"Provider {_class_qualname(self)} expected to get coroutine function, "
@@ -1672,7 +1671,7 @@ cdef class ConfigurationOption(Provider):
         try:
             parser = _parse_ini_file(
                 filepath,
-                envs_required=envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
+                envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
             )
         except IOError as exception:
             if required is not False \
@@ -1731,10 +1730,11 @@ cdef class ConfigurationOption(Provider):
                 raise
             return
 
-        config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
-            config_content,
-            envs_required=envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
-        )
+        if envs_required is not None:
+            config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
+                config_content,
+                envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
+            )
         config = yaml.load(config_content, loader)
 
         current_config = self.__call__()
@@ -1769,10 +1769,11 @@ cdef class ConfigurationOption(Provider):
                 raise
             return
 
-        config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
-            config_content,
-            envs_required=envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
-        )
+        if envs_required is not None:
+            config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
+                config_content,
+                envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
+            )
         config = json.loads(config_content)
 
         current_config = self.__call__()
@@ -1786,36 +1787,20 @@ cdef class ConfigurationOption(Provider):
         Loaded configuration is merged recursively over existing configuration.
 
         :param settings: Pydantic settings instances.
-        :type settings: :py:class:`pydantic.BaseSettings`
+        :type settings: :py:class:`pydantic.BaseSettings` (pydantic v1) or
+            :py:class:`pydantic_settings.BaseSettings` (pydantic v2 and onwards)
 
         :param required: When required is True, raise an exception if settings dict is empty.
         :type required: bool
 
-        :param kwargs: Keyword arguments forwarded to ``pydantic.BaseSettings.dict()`` call.
+        :param kwargs: Keyword arguments forwarded to ``pydantic.BaseSettings.dict()`` or
+            ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings.model_dump()`` call (based on pydantic version).
         :type kwargs: Dict[Any, Any]
 
         :rtype: None
         """
-        if pydantic is None:
-            raise Error(
-                "Unable to load pydantic configuration - pydantic is not installed. "
-                "Install pydantic or install Dependency Injector with pydantic extras: "
-                "\"pip install dependency-injector[pydantic]\""
-            )
 
-        if isinstance(settings, CLASS_TYPES) and issubclass(settings, pydantic.BaseSettings):
-            raise Error(
-                "Got settings class, but expect instance: "
-                "instead \"{0}\" use \"{0}()\"".format(settings.__name__)
-            )
-
-        if not isinstance(settings, pydantic.BaseSettings):
-            raise Error(
-                "Unable to recognize settings instance, expect \"pydantic.BaseSettings\", "
-                "got {0} instead".format(settings)
-            )
-
-        self.from_dict(settings.dict(**kwargs), required=required)
+        self.from_dict(pydantic_settings_to_dict(settings, kwargs), required=required)
 
     def from_dict(self, options, required=UNDEFINED):
         """Load configuration from the dictionary.
@@ -2241,7 +2226,7 @@ cdef class Configuration(Object):
         try:
             parser = _parse_ini_file(
                 filepath,
-                envs_required=envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
+                envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
             )
         except IOError as exception:
             if required is not False \
@@ -2300,10 +2285,11 @@ cdef class Configuration(Object):
                 raise
             return
 
-        config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
-            config_content,
-            envs_required=envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
-        )
+        if envs_required is not None:
+            config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
+                config_content,
+                envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
+            )
         config = yaml.load(config_content, loader)
 
         current_config = self.__call__()
@@ -2338,10 +2324,11 @@ cdef class Configuration(Object):
                 raise
             return
 
-        config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
-            config_content,
-            envs_required=envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
-        )
+        if envs_required is not None:
+            config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
+                config_content,
+                envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
+            )
         config = json.loads(config_content)
 
         current_config = self.__call__()
@@ -2355,7 +2342,8 @@ cdef class Configuration(Object):
         Loaded configuration is merged recursively over existing configuration.
 
         :param settings: Pydantic settings instances.
-        :type settings: :py:class:`pydantic.BaseSettings`
+        :type settings: :py:class:`pydantic.BaseSettings` (pydantic v1) or
+            :py:class:`pydantic_settings.BaseSettings` (pydantic v2 and onwards)
 
         :param required: When required is True, raise an exception if settings dict is empty.
         :type required: bool
@@ -2365,26 +2353,8 @@ cdef class Configuration(Object):
 
         :rtype: None
         """
-        if pydantic is None:
-            raise Error(
-                "Unable to load pydantic configuration - pydantic is not installed. "
-                "Install pydantic or install Dependency Injector with pydantic extras: "
-                "\"pip install dependency-injector[pydantic]\""
-            )
 
-        if isinstance(settings, CLASS_TYPES) and issubclass(settings, pydantic.BaseSettings):
-            raise Error(
-                "Got settings class, but expect instance: "
-                "instead \"{0}\" use \"{0}()\"".format(settings.__name__)
-            )
-
-        if not isinstance(settings, pydantic.BaseSettings):
-            raise Error(
-                "Unable to recognize settings instance, expect \"pydantic.BaseSettings\", "
-                "got {0} instead".format(settings)
-            )
-
-        self.from_dict(settings.dict(**kwargs), required=required)
+        self.from_dict(pydantic_settings_to_dict(settings, kwargs), required=required)
 
     def from_dict(self, options, required=UNDEFINED):
         """Load configuration from the dictionary.
@@ -2532,8 +2502,8 @@ cdef class Factory(Provider):
 
         copied = _memorized_duplicate(self, memo)
         copied.set_provides(_copy_if_provider(self.provides, memo))
-        copied.set_args(*deepcopy(self.args, memo))
-        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy(self.kwargs, memo))
+        copied.set_args(*deepcopy_args(self, self.args, memo))
+        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy_kwargs(self, self.kwargs, memo))
         copied.set_attributes(**deepcopy(self.attributes, memo))
         self._copy_overridings(copied, memo)
         return copied
@@ -2831,8 +2801,8 @@ cdef class BaseSingleton(Provider):
 
         copied = _memorized_duplicate(self, memo)
         copied.set_provides(_copy_if_provider(self.provides, memo))
-        copied.set_args(*deepcopy(self.args, memo))
-        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy(self.kwargs, memo))
+        copied.set_args(*deepcopy_args(self, self.args, memo))
+        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy_kwargs(self, self.kwargs, memo))
         copied.set_attributes(**deepcopy(self.attributes, memo))
         self._copy_overridings(copied, memo)
         return copied
@@ -3214,8 +3184,8 @@ cdef class ThreadLocalSingleton(BaseSingleton):
                 return future_result
 
             self._storage.instance = instance
-        finally:
-            return instance
+        
+        return instance
 
     def _async_init_instance(self, future_result, result):
         try:
@@ -3444,7 +3414,7 @@ cdef class List(Provider):
             return copied
 
         copied = _memorized_duplicate(self, memo)
-        copied.set_args(*deepcopy(self.args, memo))
+        copied.set_args(*deepcopy_args(self, self.args, memo))
         self._copy_overridings(copied, memo)
         return copied
 
@@ -3667,8 +3637,8 @@ cdef class Resource(Provider):
 
         copied = _memorized_duplicate(self, memo)
         copied.set_provides(_copy_if_provider(self.provides, memo))
-        copied.set_args(*deepcopy(self.args, memo))
-        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy(self.kwargs, memo))
+        copied.set_args(*deepcopy_args(self, self.args, memo))
+        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy_kwargs(self, self.kwargs, memo))
 
         self._copy_overridings(copied, memo)
 
@@ -3967,18 +3937,14 @@ cdef class Resource(Provider):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _is_resource_subclass(instance):
-        if  sys.version_info < (3, 5):
-            return False
-        if not isinstance(instance, CLASS_TYPES):
+        if not isinstance(instance, type):
             return
         from . import resources
         return issubclass(instance, resources.Resource)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _is_async_resource_subclass(instance):
-        if  sys.version_info < (3, 5):
-            return False
-        if not isinstance(instance, CLASS_TYPES):
+        if not isinstance(instance, type):
             return
         from . import resources
         return issubclass(instance, resources.AsyncResource)
@@ -4518,8 +4484,8 @@ cdef class MethodCaller(Provider):
 
         copied = _memorized_duplicate(self, memo)
         copied.set_provides(_copy_if_provider(self.provides, memo))
-        copied.set_args(*deepcopy(self.args, memo))
-        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy(self.kwargs, memo))
+        copied.set_args(*deepcopy_args(self, self.args, memo))
+        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy_kwargs(self, self.kwargs, memo))
         self._copy_overridings(copied, memo)
         return copied
 
@@ -4636,7 +4602,7 @@ cdef class MethodCaller(Provider):
             future_result.set_result(result)
 
 
-cdef class Injection(object):
+cdef class Injection:
     """Abstract injection class."""
 
 
@@ -4763,7 +4729,7 @@ cpdef tuple parse_named_injections(dict kwargs):
     return tuple(injections)
 
 
-cdef class OverridingContext(object):
+cdef class OverridingContext:
     """Provider overriding context.
 
     :py:class:`OverridingContext` is used by :py:meth:`Provider.override` for
@@ -4799,7 +4765,7 @@ cdef class OverridingContext(object):
         self._overridden.reset_last_overriding()
 
 
-cdef class BaseSingletonResetContext(object):
+cdef class BaseSingletonResetContext:
 
     def __init__(self, Provider provider):
         self._singleton = provider
@@ -4835,7 +4801,7 @@ cpdef bint is_provider(object instance):
 
     :rtype: bool
     """
-    return (not isinstance(instance, CLASS_TYPES) and
+    return (not isinstance(instance, type) and
             getattr(instance, "__IS_PROVIDER__", False) is True)
 
 
@@ -4863,7 +4829,7 @@ cpdef bint is_delegated(object instance):
 
     :rtype: bool
     """
-    return (not isinstance(instance, CLASS_TYPES) and
+    return (not isinstance(instance, type) and
             getattr(instance, "__IS_DELEGATED__", False) is True)
 
 
@@ -4894,7 +4860,7 @@ cpdef bint is_container_instance(object instance):
 
     :rtype: bool
     """
-    return (not isinstance(instance, CLASS_TYPES) and
+    return (not isinstance(instance, type) and
             getattr(instance, "__IS_CONTAINER__", False) is True)
 
 
@@ -4906,7 +4872,7 @@ cpdef bint is_container_class(object instance):
 
     :rtype: bool
     """
-    return (isinstance(instance, CLASS_TYPES) and
+    return (isinstance(instance, type) and
             getattr(instance, "__IS_CONTAINER__", False) is True)
 
 
@@ -4920,6 +4886,48 @@ cpdef object deepcopy(object instance, dict memo=None):
     return copy.deepcopy(instance, memo)
 
 
+cpdef tuple deepcopy_args(
+    Provider provider,
+    tuple args,
+    dict[int, object] memo = None,
+):
+    """A wrapper for deepcopy for positional arguments.
+
+    Used to improve debugability of objects that cannot be deep-copied.
+    """
+
+    cdef list[object] out = []
+
+    for i, arg in enumerate(args):
+        try:
+            out.append(copy.deepcopy(arg, memo))
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise NonCopyableArgumentError(provider, index=i) from e
+
+    return tuple(out)
+
+
+cpdef dict[str, object] deepcopy_kwargs(
+    Provider provider,
+    dict[str, object] kwargs,
+    dict[int, object] memo = None,
+):
+    """A wrapper for deepcopy for keyword arguments.
+
+    Used to improve debugability of objects that cannot be deep-copied.
+    """
+
+    cdef dict[str, object] out = {}
+
+    for name, arg in kwargs.items():
+        try:
+            out[name] = copy.deepcopy(arg, memo)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise NonCopyableArgumentError(provider, keyword=name) from e
+
+    return out
+
+
 def __add_sys_streams(memo):
     """Add system streams to memo dictionary.
 

src/dependency_injector/resources.py

@@ -10,18 +10,14 @@ T = TypeVar("T")
 class Resource(Generic[T], metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
-    def init(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[T]:
-        ...
+    def init(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[T]: ...
 
-    def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[T]) -> None:
-        ...
+    def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[T]) -> None: ...
 
 
 class AsyncResource(Generic[T], metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
-    async def init(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[T]:
-        ...
+    async def init(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[T]: ...
 
-    async def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[T]) -> None:
-        ...
+    async def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[T]) -> None: ...

src/dependency_injector/schema.py

@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
         return self._container.providers
 
     def _create_providers(
-            self,
-            provider_schema: ProviderSchema,
-            container: Optional[containers.Container] = None,
+        self,
+        provider_schema: ProviderSchema,
+        container: Optional[containers.Container] = None,
     ) -> None:
         if container is None:
             container = self._container
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                 self._create_providers(provider_schema=data, container=provider)
 
     def _setup_injections(  # noqa: C901
-            self,
-            provider_schema: ProviderSchema,
-            container: Optional[containers.Container] = None,
+        self,
+        provider_schema: ProviderSchema,
+        container: Optional[containers.Container] = None,
     ) -> None:
         if container is None:
             container = self._container
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
             provides = data.get("provides")
             if provides:
                 if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith("container."):
-                    provides = self._resolve_provider(provides[len("container."):])
+                    provides = self._resolve_provider(provides[len("container.") :])
                 else:
                     provides = _import_string(provides)
                 provider.set_provides(provides)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                     injection = None
 
                     if isinstance(arg, str) and arg.startswith("container."):
-                        injection = self._resolve_provider(arg[len("container."):])
+                        injection = self._resolve_provider(arg[len("container.") :])
 
                     # TODO: refactoring
                     if isinstance(arg, dict):
@@ -91,16 +91,23 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                         provider_type = _get_provider_cls(arg.get("provider"))
                         provides = arg.get("provides")
                         if provides:
-                            if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith("container."):
-                                provides = self._resolve_provider(provides[len("container."):])
+                            if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith(
+                                "container."
+                            ):
+                                provides = self._resolve_provider(
+                                    provides[len("container.") :]
+                                )
                             else:
                                 provides = _import_string(provides)
                             provider_args.append(provides)
                         for provider_arg in arg.get("args", []):
-                            if isinstance(provider_arg, str) \
-                                    and provider_arg.startswith("container."):
+                            if isinstance(
+                                provider_arg, str
+                            ) and provider_arg.startswith("container."):
                                 provider_args.append(
-                                    self._resolve_provider(provider_arg[len("container."):]),
+                                    self._resolve_provider(
+                                        provider_arg[len("container.") :]
+                                    ),
                                 )
                         injection = provider_type(*provider_args)
 
@@ -117,7 +124,7 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                     injection = None
 
                     if isinstance(arg, str) and arg.startswith("container."):
-                        injection = self._resolve_provider(arg[len("container."):])
+                        injection = self._resolve_provider(arg[len("container.") :])
 
                     # TODO: refactoring
                     if isinstance(arg, dict):
@@ -125,16 +132,23 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                         provider_type = _get_provider_cls(arg.get("provider"))
                         provides = arg.get("provides")
                         if provides:
-                            if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith("container."):
-                                provides = self._resolve_provider(provides[len("container."):])
+                            if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith(
+                                "container."
+                            ):
+                                provides = self._resolve_provider(
+                                    provides[len("container.") :]
+                                )
                             else:
                                 provides = _import_string(provides)
                             provider_args.append(provides)
                         for provider_arg in arg.get("args", []):
-                            if isinstance(provider_arg, str) \
-                                    and provider_arg.startswith("container."):
+                            if isinstance(
+                                provider_arg, str
+                            ) and provider_arg.startswith("container."):
                                 provider_args.append(
-                                    self._resolve_provider(provider_arg[len("container."):]),
+                                    self._resolve_provider(
+                                        provider_arg[len("container.") :]
+                                    ),
                                 )
                         injection = provider_type(*provider_args)
 
@@ -158,7 +172,7 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
         for segment in segments[1:]:
             parentheses = ""
             if "(" in segment and ")" in segment:
-                parentheses = segment[segment.find("("):segment.rfind(")")+1]
+                parentheses = segment[segment.find("(") : segment.rfind(")") + 1]
                 segment = segment.replace(parentheses, "")
 
             try:
@@ -190,10 +204,12 @@ def _get_provider_cls(provider_cls_name: str) -> Type[providers.Provider]:
     if custom_provider_type:
         return custom_provider_type
 
-    raise SchemaError(f"Undefined provider class \"{provider_cls_name}\"")
+    raise SchemaError(f'Undefined provider class "{provider_cls_name}"')
 
 
-def _fetch_provider_cls_from_std(provider_cls_name: str) -> Optional[Type[providers.Provider]]:
+def _fetch_provider_cls_from_std(
+    provider_cls_name: str,
+) -> Optional[Type[providers.Provider]]:
     return getattr(providers, provider_cls_name, None)
 
 
@@ -201,12 +217,16 @@ def _import_provider_cls(provider_cls_name: str) -> Optional[Type[providers.Prov
     try:
         cls = _import_string(provider_cls_name)
     except (ImportError, ValueError) as exception:
-        raise SchemaError(f"Can not import provider \"{provider_cls_name}\"") from exception
+        raise SchemaError(
+            f'Can not import provider "{provider_cls_name}"'
+        ) from exception
     except AttributeError:
         return None
     else:
         if isinstance(cls, type) and not issubclass(cls, providers.Provider):
-            raise SchemaError(f"Provider class \"{cls}\" is not a subclass of providers base class")
+            raise SchemaError(
+                f'Provider class "{cls}" is not a subclass of providers base class'
+            )
         return cls
 
 

src/dependency_injector/wiring.py

@@ -1,34 +1,28 @@
 """Wiring module."""
 
 import functools
-import inspect
 import importlib
 import importlib.machinery
+import inspect
 import pkgutil
-import warnings
 import sys
 from types import ModuleType
 from typing import (
-    Optional,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    Callable,
     Any,
-    Tuple,
+    Callable,
     Dict,
     Generic,
-    TypeVar,
-    Type,
-    Union,
+    Iterable,
+    Iterator,
+    Optional,
     Set,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
     cast,
 )
 
-if sys.version_info < (3, 7):
-    from typing import GenericMeta
-else:
-    class GenericMeta(type):
-        ...
 
 # Hotfix, see: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/362
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
@@ -36,6 +30,21 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
 else:
     GenericAlias = None
 
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
+    from typing import Annotated, get_args, get_origin
+else:
+    try:
+        from typing_extensions import Annotated, get_args, get_origin
+    except ImportError:
+        Annotated = object()
+
+        # For preventing NameError. Never executes
+        def get_args(hint):
+            return ()
+
+        def get_origin(tp):
+            return None
+
 
 try:
     import fastapi.params
@@ -57,13 +66,6 @@ except ImportError:
 
 from . import providers
 
-if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 5):
-    warnings.warn(
-        "Dependency Injector will drop support of Python 3.5 after Jan 1st of 2022. "
-        "This does not mean that there will be any immediate breaking changes, "
-        "but tests will no longer be executed on Python 3.5, and bugs will not be addressed.",
-        category=DeprecationWarning,
-    )
 
 __all__ = (
     "wire",
@@ -99,7 +101,9 @@ class PatchedRegistry:
     def register_callable(self, patched: "PatchedCallable") -> None:
         self._callables[patched.patched] = patched
 
-    def get_callables_from_module(self, module: ModuleType) -> Iterator[Callable[..., Any]]:
+    def get_callables_from_module(
+        self, module: ModuleType
+    ) -> Iterator[Callable[..., Any]]:
         for patched_callable in self._callables.values():
             if not patched_callable.is_in_module(module):
                 continue
@@ -114,7 +118,9 @@ class PatchedRegistry:
     def register_attribute(self, patched: "PatchedAttribute") -> None:
         self._attributes.add(patched)
 
-    def get_attributes_from_module(self, module: ModuleType) -> Iterator["PatchedAttribute"]:
+    def get_attributes_from_module(
+        self, module: ModuleType
+    ) -> Iterator["PatchedAttribute"]:
         for attribute in self._attributes:
             if not attribute.is_in_module(module):
                 continue
@@ -139,11 +145,11 @@ class PatchedCallable:
     )
 
     def __init__(
-            self,
-            patched: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
-            original: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
-            reference_injections: Optional[Dict[Any, Any]] = None,
-            reference_closing: Optional[Dict[Any, Any]] = None,
+        self,
+        patched: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+        original: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+        reference_injections: Optional[Dict[Any, Any]] = None,
+        reference_closing: Optional[Dict[Any, Any]] = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.patched = patched
         self.original = original
@@ -214,18 +220,21 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         )
 
     def resolve_provider(
-            self,
-            provider: Union[providers.Provider, str],
-            modifier: Optional["Modifier"] = None,
+        self,
+        provider: Union[providers.Provider, str],
+        modifier: Optional["Modifier"] = None,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         if isinstance(provider, providers.Delegate):
             return self._resolve_delegate(provider)
-        elif isinstance(provider, (
-            providers.ProvidedInstance,
-            providers.AttributeGetter,
-            providers.ItemGetter,
-            providers.MethodCaller,
-        )):
+        elif isinstance(
+            provider,
+            (
+                providers.ProvidedInstance,
+                providers.AttributeGetter,
+                providers.ItemGetter,
+                providers.MethodCaller,
+            ),
+        ):
             return self._resolve_provided_instance(provider)
         elif isinstance(provider, providers.ConfigurationOption):
             return self._resolve_config_option(provider)
@@ -237,9 +246,9 @@ class ProvidersMap:
             return self._resolve_provider(provider)
 
     def _resolve_string_id(
-            self,
-            id: str,
-            modifier: Optional["Modifier"] = None,
+        self,
+        id: str,
+        modifier: Optional["Modifier"] = None,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         if id == self.CONTAINER_STRING_ID:
             return self._container.__self__
@@ -256,16 +265,19 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return provider
 
     def _resolve_provided_instance(
-            self,
-            original: providers.Provider,
+        self,
+        original: providers.Provider,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         modifiers = []
-        while isinstance(original, (
+        while isinstance(
+            original,
+            (
                 providers.ProvidedInstance,
                 providers.AttributeGetter,
                 providers.ItemGetter,
                 providers.MethodCaller,
-        )):
+            ),
+        ):
             modifiers.insert(0, original)
             original = original.provides
 
@@ -289,8 +301,8 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return new
 
     def _resolve_delegate(
-            self,
-            original: providers.Delegate,
+        self,
+        original: providers.Delegate,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         provider = self._resolve_provider(original.provides)
         if provider:
@@ -298,9 +310,9 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return provider
 
     def _resolve_config_option(
-            self,
-            original: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-            as_: Any = None,
+        self,
+        original: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+        as_: Any = None,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         original_root = original.root
         new = self._resolve_provider(original_root)
@@ -324,8 +336,8 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return new
 
     def _resolve_provider(
-            self,
-            original: providers.Provider,
+        self,
+        original: providers.Provider,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         try:
             return self._map[original]
@@ -334,9 +346,9 @@ class ProvidersMap:
 
     @classmethod
     def _create_providers_map(
-            cls,
-            current_container: Container,
-            original_container: Container,
+        cls,
+        current_container: Container,
+        original_container: Container,
     ) -> Dict[providers.Provider, providers.Provider]:
         current_providers = current_container.providers
         current_providers["__self__"] = current_container.__self__
@@ -349,8 +361,9 @@ class ProvidersMap:
             original_provider = original_providers[provider_name]
             providers_map[original_provider] = current_provider
 
-            if isinstance(current_provider, providers.Container) \
-                    and isinstance(original_provider, providers.Container):
+            if isinstance(current_provider, providers.Container) and isinstance(
+                original_provider, providers.Container
+            ):
                 subcontainer_map = cls._create_providers_map(
                     current_container=current_provider.container,
                     original_container=original_provider.container,
@@ -376,19 +389,21 @@ class InspectFilter:
         return werkzeug and isinstance(instance, werkzeug.local.LocalProxy)
 
     def _is_starlette_request_cls(self, instance: object) -> bool:
-        return starlette \
-               and isinstance(instance, type) \
-               and _safe_is_subclass(instance, starlette.requests.Request)
+        return (
+            starlette
+            and isinstance(instance, type)
+            and _safe_is_subclass(instance, starlette.requests.Request)
+        )
 
     def _is_builtin(self, instance: object) -> bool:
         return inspect.isbuiltin(instance)
 
 
 def wire(  # noqa: C901
-        container: Container,
-        *,
-        modules: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
-        packages: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
+    container: Container,
+    *,
+    modules: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
+    packages: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Wire container providers with provided packages and modules."""
     modules = [*modules] if modules else []
@@ -418,18 +433,22 @@ def wire(  # noqa: C901
                 else:
                     for cls_member_name, cls_member in cls_members:
                         if _is_marker(cls_member):
-                            _patch_attribute(cls, cls_member_name, cls_member, providers_map)
+                            _patch_attribute(
+                                cls, cls_member_name, cls_member, providers_map
+                            )
                         elif _is_method(cls_member):
-                            _patch_method(cls, cls_member_name, cls_member, providers_map)
+                            _patch_method(
+                                cls, cls_member_name, cls_member, providers_map
+                            )
 
         for patched in _patched_registry.get_callables_from_module(module):
             _bind_injections(patched, providers_map)
 
 
 def unwire(  # noqa: C901
-        *,
-        modules: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
-        packages: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
+    *,
+    modules: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
+    packages: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Wire provided packages and modules with previous wired providers."""
     modules = [*modules] if modules else []
@@ -443,7 +462,9 @@ def unwire(  # noqa: C901
             if inspect.isfunction(member):
                 _unpatch(module, name, member)
             elif inspect.isclass(member):
-                for method_name, method in inspect.getmembers(member, inspect.isfunction):
+                for method_name, method in inspect.getmembers(
+                    member, inspect.isfunction
+                ):
                     _unpatch(member, method_name, method)
 
         for patched in _patched_registry.get_callables_from_module(module):
@@ -462,10 +483,10 @@ def inject(fn: F) -> F:
 
 
 def _patch_fn(
-        module: ModuleType,
-        name: str,
-        fn: Callable[..., Any],
-        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+    module: ModuleType,
+    name: str,
+    fn: Callable[..., Any],
+    providers_map: ProvidersMap,
 ) -> None:
     if not _is_patched(fn):
         reference_injections, reference_closing = _fetch_reference_injections(fn)
@@ -479,14 +500,16 @@ def _patch_fn(
 
 
 def _patch_method(
-        cls: Type,
-        name: str,
-        method: Callable[..., Any],
-        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+    cls: Type,
+    name: str,
+    method: Callable[..., Any],
+    providers_map: ProvidersMap,
 ) -> None:
-    if hasattr(cls, "__dict__") \
-            and name in cls.__dict__ \
-            and isinstance(cls.__dict__[name], (classmethod, staticmethod)):
+    if (
+        hasattr(cls, "__dict__")
+        and name in cls.__dict__
+        and isinstance(cls.__dict__[name], (classmethod, staticmethod))
+    ):
         method = cls.__dict__[name]
         fn = method.__func__
     else:
@@ -507,13 +530,15 @@ def _patch_method(
 
 
 def _unpatch(
-        module: ModuleType,
-        name: str,
-        fn: Callable[..., Any],
+    module: ModuleType,
+    name: str,
+    fn: Callable[..., Any],
 ) -> None:
-    if hasattr(module, "__dict__") \
-            and name in module.__dict__ \
-            and isinstance(module.__dict__[name], (classmethod, staticmethod)):
+    if (
+        hasattr(module, "__dict__")
+        and name in module.__dict__
+        and isinstance(module.__dict__[name], (classmethod, staticmethod))
+    ):
         method = module.__dict__[name]
         fn = method.__func__
 
@@ -524,10 +549,10 @@ def _unpatch(
 
 
 def _patch_attribute(
-        member: Any,
-        name: str,
-        marker: "_Marker",
-        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+    member: Any,
+    name: str,
+    marker: "_Marker",
+    providers_map: ProvidersMap,
 ) -> None:
     provider = providers_map.resolve_provider(marker.provider, marker.modifier)
     if provider is None:
@@ -548,16 +573,33 @@ def _unpatch_attribute(patched: PatchedAttribute) -> None:
     setattr(patched.member, patched.name, patched.marker)
 
 
+def _extract_marker(parameter: inspect.Parameter) -> Optional["_Marker"]:
+    if get_origin(parameter.annotation) is Annotated:
+        marker = get_args(parameter.annotation)[1]
+    else:
+        marker = parameter.default
+
+    if not isinstance(marker, _Marker) and not _is_fastapi_depends(marker):
+        return None
+
+    if _is_fastapi_depends(marker):
+        marker = marker.dependency
+
+        if not isinstance(marker, _Marker):
+            return None
+
+    return marker
+
+
 def _fetch_reference_injections(  # noqa: C901
-        fn: Callable[..., Any],
+    fn: Callable[..., Any],
 ) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]:
     # Hotfix, see:
     # - https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/362
     # - https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/398
-    if GenericAlias and any((
-                fn is GenericAlias,
-                getattr(fn, "__func__", None) is GenericAlias
-            )):
+    if GenericAlias and any(
+        (fn is GenericAlias, getattr(fn, "__func__", None) is GenericAlias)
+    ):
         fn = fn.__init__
 
     try:
@@ -573,18 +615,11 @@ def _fetch_reference_injections(  # noqa: C901
     injections = {}
     closing = {}
     for parameter_name, parameter in signature.parameters.items():
-        if not isinstance(parameter.default, _Marker) \
-                and not _is_fastapi_depends(parameter.default):
+        marker = _extract_marker(parameter)
+
+        if marker is None:
             continue
 
-        marker = parameter.default
-
-        if _is_fastapi_depends(marker):
-            marker = marker.dependency
-
-            if not isinstance(marker, _Marker):
-                continue
-
         if isinstance(marker, Closing):
             marker = marker.provider
             closing[parameter_name] = marker
@@ -593,20 +628,19 @@ def _fetch_reference_injections(  # noqa: C901
     return injections, closing
 
 
-def _locate_dependent_closing_args(provider: providers.Provider) -> Dict[str, providers.Provider]:
-    if not hasattr(provider, "args"):
-        return {}
-
-    closing_deps = {}
-    for arg in provider.args:
-        if not isinstance(arg, providers.Provider) or not hasattr(arg, "args"):
+def _locate_dependent_closing_args(
+    provider: providers.Provider, closing_deps: Dict[str, providers.Provider]
+) -> Dict[str, providers.Provider]:
+    for arg in [
+        *getattr(provider, "args", []),
+        *getattr(provider, "kwargs", {}).values(),
+    ]:
+        if not isinstance(arg, providers.Provider):
             continue
+        if isinstance(arg, providers.Resource):
+            closing_deps[str(id(arg))] = arg
 
-        if not arg.args and isinstance(arg, providers.Resource):
-            return {str(id(arg)): arg}
-        else:
-            closing_deps += _locate_dependent_closing_args(arg)
-    return closing_deps
+        _locate_dependent_closing_args(arg, closing_deps)
 
 
 def _bind_injections(fn: Callable[..., Any], providers_map: ProvidersMap) -> None:
@@ -630,7 +664,8 @@ def _bind_injections(fn: Callable[..., Any], providers_map: ProvidersMap) -> Non
 
         if injection in patched_callable.reference_closing:
             patched_callable.add_closing(injection, provider)
-            deps = _locate_dependent_closing_args(provider)
+            deps = {}
+            _locate_dependent_closing_args(provider, deps)
             for key, dep in deps.items():
                 patched_callable.add_closing(key, dep)
 
@@ -647,8 +682,8 @@ def _fetch_modules(package):
     if not hasattr(package, "__path__") or not hasattr(package, "__name__"):
         return modules
     for module_info in pkgutil.walk_packages(
-            path=package.__path__,
-            prefix=package.__name__ + ".",
+        path=package.__path__,
+        prefix=package.__name__ + ".",
     ):
         module = importlib.import_module(module_info.name)
         modules.append(module)
@@ -664,9 +699,9 @@ def _is_marker(member) -> bool:
 
 
 def _get_patched(
-        fn: F,
-        reference_injections: Dict[Any, Any],
-        reference_closing: Dict[Any, Any],
+    fn: F,
+    reference_injections: Dict[Any, Any],
+    reference_closing: Dict[Any, Any],
 ) -> F:
     patched_object = PatchedCallable(
         original=fn,
@@ -694,9 +729,11 @@ def _is_patched(fn) -> bool:
 
 
 def _is_declarative_container(instance: Any) -> bool:
-    return (isinstance(instance, type)
-            and getattr(instance, "__IS_CONTAINER__", False) is True
-            and getattr(instance, "declarative_parent", None) is None)
+    return (
+        isinstance(instance, type)
+        and getattr(instance, "__IS_CONTAINER__", False) is True
+        and getattr(instance, "declarative_parent", None) is None
+    )
 
 
 def _safe_is_subclass(instance: Any, cls: Type) -> bool:
@@ -709,11 +746,10 @@ def _safe_is_subclass(instance: Any, cls: Type) -> bool:
 class Modifier:
 
     def modify(
-            self,
-            provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
-    ) -> providers.Provider:
-        ...
+        self,
+        provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+    ) -> providers.Provider: ...
 
 
 class TypeModifier(Modifier):
@@ -722,9 +758,9 @@ class TypeModifier(Modifier):
         self.type_ = type_
 
     def modify(
-            self,
-            provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+        self,
+        provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
     ) -> providers.Provider:
         return provider.as_(self.type_)
 
@@ -762,9 +798,9 @@ class RequiredModifier(Modifier):
         return self
 
     def modify(
-            self,
-            provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+        self,
+        provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
     ) -> providers.Provider:
         provider = provider.required()
         if self.type_modifier:
@@ -783,9 +819,9 @@ class InvariantModifier(Modifier):
         self.id = id
 
     def modify(
-            self,
-            provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+        self,
+        provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
     ) -> providers.Provider:
         invariant_segment = providers_map.resolve_provider(self.id)
         return provider[invariant_segment]
@@ -818,9 +854,9 @@ class ProvidedInstance(Modifier):
         return self
 
     def modify(
-            self,
-            provider: providers.Provider,
-            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+        self,
+        provider: providers.Provider,
+        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
     ) -> providers.Provider:
         provider = provider.provided
         for type_, value in self.segments:
@@ -838,22 +874,14 @@ def provided() -> ProvidedInstance:
     return ProvidedInstance()
 
 
-class ClassGetItemMeta(GenericMeta):
-    def __getitem__(cls, item):
-        # Spike for Python 3.6
-        if isinstance(item, tuple):
-            return cls(*item)
-        return cls(item)
-
-
-class _Marker(Generic[T], metaclass=ClassGetItemMeta):
+class _Marker(Generic[T]):
 
     __IS_MARKER__ = True
 
     def __init__(
-            self,
-            provider: Union[providers.Provider, Container, str],
-            modifier: Optional[Modifier] = None,
+        self,
+        provider: Union[providers.Provider, Container, str],
+        modifier: Optional[Modifier] = None,
     ) -> None:
         if _is_declarative_container(provider):
             provider = provider.__self__
@@ -869,16 +897,13 @@ class _Marker(Generic[T], metaclass=ClassGetItemMeta):
         return self
 
 
-class Provide(_Marker):
-    ...
+class Provide(_Marker): ...
 
 
-class Provider(_Marker):
-    ...
+class Provider(_Marker): ...
 
 
-class Closing(_Marker):
-    ...
+class Closing(_Marker): ...
 
 
 class AutoLoader:
@@ -928,8 +953,7 @@ class AutoLoader:
                 super().exec_module(module)
                 loader.wire_module(module)
 
-        class ExtensionFileLoader(importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader):
-            ...
+        class ExtensionFileLoader(importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader): ...
 
         loader_details = [
             (SourcelessFileLoader, importlib.machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES),
@@ -982,7 +1006,7 @@ _inspect_filter = InspectFilter()
 _loader = AutoLoader()
 
 # Optimizations
-from ._cwiring import _get_sync_patched  # noqa
+from ._cwiring import _sync_inject  # noqa
 from ._cwiring import _async_inject  # noqa
 
 
@@ -998,4 +1022,18 @@ def _get_async_patched(fn: F, patched: PatchedCallable) -> F:
             patched.injections,
             patched.closing,
         )
-    return _patched
+
+    return cast(F, _patched)
+
+
+def _get_sync_patched(fn: F, patched: PatchedCallable) -> F:
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    def _patched(*args, **kwargs):
+        return _sync_inject(
+            fn,
+            args,
+            kwargs,
+            patched.injections,
+            patched.closing,
+        )
+    return cast(F, _patched)

tests/.configs/pytest-py27.ini

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-[pytest]
-testpaths = tests/unit/
-python_files = test_*_py2_py3.py
-asyncio_mode = auto
-filterwarnings =
-    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.flask\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:Please use \`.*?\` from the \`scipy.*?\`(.*?)namespace is deprecated\.:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:The \`scipy(.*?)\` namespace is deprecated(.*):DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:ssl\.PROTOCOL_TLS is deprecated:DeprecationWarning:botocore.*

tests/.configs/pytest-py35.ini

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-[pytest]
-testpaths = tests/unit/
-python_files = test_*_py3.py
-asyncio_mode = auto
-filterwarnings =
-    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.flask\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:Please use \`.*?\` from the \`scipy.*?\`(.*?)namespace is deprecated\.:DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:The \`scipy(.*?)\` namespace is deprecated(.*):DeprecationWarning
-    ignore:ssl\.PROTOCOL_TLS is deprecated:DeprecationWarning:botocore.*

tests/.configs/pytest.ini

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 testpaths = tests/unit/
 python_files = test_*_py3*.py
 asyncio_mode = auto
+markers =
+    pydantic: Tests with Pydantic as a dependency
 filterwarnings =
     ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
     ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.flask\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning

tests/typing/callable.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ kwargs4: Dict[str, Any] = provider4.kwargs
 
 # Test 5: to check the provided instance interface
 provider5 = providers.Callable(Animal)
-provided5: providers.ProvidedInstance = provider5.provided
+provided5: Animal = provider5.provided()
 attr_getter5: providers.AttributeGetter = provider5.provided.attr
 item_getter5: providers.ItemGetter = provider5.provided["item"]
 method_caller: providers.MethodCaller = provider5.provided.method.call(123, arg=324)

tests/typing/configuration.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
-from pydantic import BaseSettings as PydanticSettings
+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings as PydanticSettings
 
 
 # Test 1: to check the getattr

tests/typing/dict.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ provider5 = providers.Dict(
     a1=providers.Factory(object),
     a2=providers.Factory(object),
 )
-provided5: providers.ProvidedInstance = provider5.provided
+provided5: dict[Any, Any] = provider5.provided()
 
 
 # Test 6: to check the return type with await

tests/typing/factory.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ attributes4: Dict[str, Any] = provider4.attributes
 
 # Test 5: to check the provided instance interface
 provider5 = providers.Factory(Animal)
-provided5: providers.ProvidedInstance = provider5.provided
+provided5: Animal = provider5.provided()
 attr_getter5: providers.AttributeGetter = provider5.provided.attr
 item_getter5: providers.ItemGetter = provider5.provided["item"]
 method_caller5: providers.MethodCaller = provider5.provided.method.call(123, arg=324)

tests/typing/list.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ provider3 = providers.List(
     providers.Factory(object),
     providers.Factory(object),
 )
-provided3: providers.ProvidedInstance = provider3.provided
+provided3: List[Any] = provider3.provided()
 attr_getter3: providers.AttributeGetter = provider3.provided.attr
 item_getter3: providers.ItemGetter = provider3.provided["item"]
 method_caller3: providers.MethodCaller = provider3.provided.method.call(123, arg=324)

tests/typing/object.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ var1: int = provider1()
 
 # Test 2: to check the provided instance interface
 provider2 = providers.Object(int)
-provided2: providers.ProvidedInstance = provider2.provided
+provided2: Type[int] = provider2.provided()
 attr_getter2: providers.AttributeGetter = provider2.provided.attr
 item_getter2: providers.ItemGetter = provider2.provided["item"]
 method_caller2: providers.MethodCaller = provider2.provided.method.call(123, arg=324)

tests/typing/provider.py

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ from dependency_injector import providers
 
 # Test 1: to check .provided attribute
 provider1: providers.Provider[int] = providers.Object(1)
-provided: providers.ProvidedInstance = provider1.provided
+provided: int = provider1.provided()
+provider1_delegate: providers.Provider[int] = provider1.provider
 
 # Test 2: to check async mode API
 provider2: providers.Provider = providers.Provider()

tests/typing/singleton.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ attributes4: Dict[str, Any] = provider4.attributes
 
 # Test 5: to check the provided instance interface
 provider5 = providers.Singleton(Animal)
-provided5: providers.ProvidedInstance = provider5.provided
+provided5: Animal = provider5.provided()
 attr_getter5: providers.AttributeGetter = provider5.provided.attr
 item_getter5: providers.ItemGetter = provider5.provided["item"]
 method_caller5: providers.MethodCaller = provider5.provided.method.call(123, arg=324)

tests/unit/ext/test_starlette.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+from typing import AsyncIterator, Iterator
+from unittest.mock import ANY
+
+from pytest import mark
+
+from dependency_injector.containers import DeclarativeContainer
+from dependency_injector.ext.starlette import Lifespan
+from dependency_injector.providers import Resource
+
+
+class TestLifespan:
+    @mark.parametrize("sync", [False, True])
+    @mark.asyncio
+    async def test_context_manager(self, sync: bool) -> None:
+        init, shutdown = False, False
+
+        def sync_resource() -> Iterator[None]:
+            nonlocal init, shutdown
+
+            init = True
+            yield
+            shutdown = True
+
+        async def async_resource() -> AsyncIterator[None]:
+            nonlocal init, shutdown
+
+            init = True
+            yield
+            shutdown = True
+
+        class Container(DeclarativeContainer):
+            x = Resource(sync_resource if sync else async_resource)
+
+        container = Container()
+        lifespan = Lifespan(container)
+
+        async with lifespan(ANY) as scope:
+            assert scope is None
+            assert init
+
+        assert shutdown

tests/unit/providers/configuration/test_from_ini_with_env_py2_py3.py

@@ -5,6 +5,23 @@ import os
 from pytest import mark, raises
 
 
+def test_no_env_variable_interpolation(config, ini_config_file_3):
+    config.from_ini(ini_config_file_3, envs_required=None)
+
+    assert config() == {
+        "section1": {
+            "value1": "${CONFIG_TEST_ENV}",
+            "value2": "${CONFIG_TEST_PATH}/path",
+        },
+    }
+    assert config.section1() == {
+        "value1": "${CONFIG_TEST_ENV}",
+        "value2": "${CONFIG_TEST_PATH}/path",
+    }
+    assert config.section1.value1() == "${CONFIG_TEST_ENV}"
+    assert config.section1.value2() == "${CONFIG_TEST_PATH}/path"
+
+
 def test_env_variable_interpolation(config, ini_config_file_3):
     config.from_ini(ini_config_file_3)
 

tests/unit/providers/configuration/test_from_json_with_env_py2_py3.py

@@ -6,6 +6,23 @@ import os
 from pytest import mark, raises
 
 
+def test_no_env_variable_interpolation(config, json_config_file_3):
+    config.from_json(json_config_file_3, envs_required=None)
+
+    assert config() == {
+        "section1": {
+            "value1": "${CONFIG_TEST_ENV}",
+            "value2": "${CONFIG_TEST_PATH}/path",
+        },
+    }
+    assert config.section1() == {
+        "value1": "${CONFIG_TEST_ENV}",
+        "value2": "${CONFIG_TEST_PATH}/path",
+    }
+    assert config.section1.value1() == "${CONFIG_TEST_ENV}"
+    assert config.section1.value2() == "${CONFIG_TEST_PATH}/path"
+
+
 def test_env_variable_interpolation(config, json_config_file_3):
     config.from_json(json_config_file_3)
 

tests/unit/providers/configuration/test_from_pydantic_py36.py

@@ -1,41 +1,60 @@
 """Configuration.from_pydantic() tests."""
 
-import pydantic
-from dependency_injector import providers, errors
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+try:
+    from pydantic_settings import (
+        BaseSettings,  # type: ignore[import-not-found,unused-ignore]
+    )
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        from pydantic import BaseSettings  # type: ignore[no-redef,unused-ignore]
+    except ImportError:
+
+        class BaseSettings:  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+            """No-op fallback"""
+
+
 from pytest import fixture, mark, raises
 
+from dependency_injector import errors, providers
 
-class Section11(pydantic.BaseModel):
-    value1 = 1
+pytestmark = mark.pydantic
 
 
-class Section12(pydantic.BaseModel):
-    value2 = 2
+class Section11(BaseModel):
+    value1: int = 1
 
 
-class Settings1(pydantic.BaseSettings):
-    section1 = Section11()
-    section2 = Section12()
+class Section12(BaseModel):
+    value2: int = 2
 
 
-class Section21(pydantic.BaseModel):
-    value1 = 11
-    value11 = 11
+class Settings1(BaseSettings):
+    section1: Section11 = Section11()
+    section2: Section12 = Section12()
 
 
-class Section3(pydantic.BaseModel):
-    value3 = 3
+class Section21(BaseModel):
+    value1: int = 11
+    value11: int = 11
 
 
-class Settings2(pydantic.BaseSettings):
-    section1 = Section21()
-    section3 = Section3()
+class Section3(BaseModel):
+    value3: int = 3
+
+
+class Settings2(BaseSettings):
+    section1: Section21 = Section21()
+    section3: Section3 = Section3()
+
 
 @fixture
 def no_pydantic_module_installed():
-    providers.pydantic = None
+    has_pydantic_settings = providers.has_pydantic_settings
+    providers.has_pydantic_settings = False
     yield
-    providers.pydantic = pydantic
+    providers.has_pydantic_settings = has_pydantic_settings
 
 
 def test(config):
@@ -82,66 +101,70 @@ def test_merge(config):
 
 
 def test_empty_settings(config):
-    config.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings())
+    config.from_pydantic(BaseSettings())
     assert config() == {}
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("config_type", ["strict"])
 def test_empty_settings_strict_mode(config):
     with raises(ValueError):
-        config.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings())
+        config.from_pydantic(BaseSettings())
 
 
 def test_option_empty_settings(config):
-    config.option.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings())
+    config.option.from_pydantic(BaseSettings())
     assert config.option() == {}
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("config_type", ["strict"])
 def test_option_empty_settings_strict_mode(config):
     with raises(ValueError):
-        config.option.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings())
+        config.option.from_pydantic(BaseSettings())
 
 
 def test_required_empty_settings(config):
     with raises(ValueError):
-        config.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings(), required=True)
+        config.from_pydantic(BaseSettings(), required=True)
 
 
 def test_required_option_empty_settings(config):
     with raises(ValueError):
-        config.option.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings(), required=True)
+        config.option.from_pydantic(BaseSettings(), required=True)
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("config_type", ["strict"])
 def test_not_required_empty_settings_strict_mode(config):
-    config.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings(), required=False)
+    config.from_pydantic(BaseSettings(), required=False)
     assert config() == {}
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("config_type", ["strict"])
 def test_not_required_option_empty_settings_strict_mode(config):
-    config.option.from_pydantic(pydantic.BaseSettings(), required=False)
+    config.option.from_pydantic(BaseSettings(), required=False)
     assert config.option() == {}
     assert config() == {"option": {}}
 
 
 def test_not_instance_of_settings(config):
-    with raises(errors.Error) as error:
+    with raises(
+        errors.Error,
+        match=(
+            r"Unable to recognize settings instance, expect \"pydantic(?:_settings)?\.BaseSettings\", "
+            r"got {0} instead".format({})
+        ),
+    ):
         config.from_pydantic({})
-    assert error.value.args[0] == (
-        "Unable to recognize settings instance, expect \"pydantic.BaseSettings\", "
-        "got {0} instead".format({})
-    )
 
 
 def test_option_not_instance_of_settings(config):
-    with raises(errors.Error) as error:
+    with raises(
+        errors.Error,
+        match=(
+            r"Unable to recognize settings instance, expect \"pydantic(?:_settings)?\.BaseSettings\", "
+            "got {0} instead".format({})
+        ),
+    ):
         config.option.from_pydantic({})
-    assert error.value.args[0] == (
-        "Unable to recognize settings instance, expect \"pydantic.BaseSettings\", "
-        "got {0} instead".format({})
-    )
 
 
 def test_subclass_instead_of_instance(config):
@@ -164,21 +187,25 @@ def test_option_subclass_instead_of_instance(config):
 
 @mark.usefixtures("no_pydantic_module_installed")
 def test_no_pydantic_installed(config):
-    with raises(errors.Error) as error:
+    with raises(
+        errors.Error,
+        match=(
+            r"Unable to load pydantic configuration - pydantic(?:_settings)? is not installed\. "
+            r"Install pydantic or install Dependency Injector with pydantic extras: "
+            r"\"pip install dependency-injector\[pydantic2?\]\""
+        ),
+    ):
         config.from_pydantic(Settings1())
-    assert error.value.args[0] == (
-        "Unable to load pydantic configuration - pydantic is not installed. "
-        "Install pydantic or install Dependency Injector with pydantic extras: "
-        "\"pip install dependency-injector[pydantic]\""
-    )
 
 
 @mark.usefixtures("no_pydantic_module_installed")
 def test_option_no_pydantic_installed(config):
-    with raises(errors.Error) as error:
+    with raises(
+        errors.Error,
+        match=(
+            r"Unable to load pydantic configuration - pydantic(?:_settings)? is not installed\. "
+            r"Install pydantic or install Dependency Injector with pydantic extras: "
+            r"\"pip install dependency-injector\[pydantic2?\]\""
+        ),
+    ):
         config.option.from_pydantic(Settings1())
-    assert error.value.args[0] == (
-        "Unable to load pydantic configuration - pydantic is not installed. "
-        "Install pydantic or install Dependency Injector with pydantic extras: "
-        "\"pip install dependency-injector[pydantic]\""
-    )

tests/unit/providers/configuration/test_from_yaml_with_env_py2_py3.py

@@ -6,6 +6,23 @@ import yaml
 from pytest import mark, raises
 
 
+def test_no_env_variable_interpolation(config, yaml_config_file_3):
+    config.from_yaml(yaml_config_file_3, envs_required=None)
+
+    assert config() == {
+        "section1": {
+            "value1": "${CONFIG_TEST_ENV}",
+            "value2": "${CONFIG_TEST_PATH}/path",
+        },
+    }
+    assert config.section1() == {
+        "value1": "${CONFIG_TEST_ENV}",
+        "value2": "${CONFIG_TEST_PATH}/path",
+    }
+    assert config.section1.value1() == "${CONFIG_TEST_ENV}"
+    assert config.section1.value2() == "${CONFIG_TEST_PATH}/path"
+
+
 def test_env_variable_interpolation(config, yaml_config_file_3):
     config.from_yaml(yaml_config_file_3)
 

tests/unit/providers/configuration/test_pydantic_settings_in_init_py36.py

@@ -1,35 +1,52 @@
 """Configuration.from_pydantic() tests."""
 
-import pydantic
-from dependency_injector import providers
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+try:
+    from pydantic_settings import (
+        BaseSettings,  # type: ignore[import-not-found,unused-ignore]
+    )
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        from pydantic import BaseSettings  # type: ignore[no-redef,unused-ignore]
+    except ImportError:
+
+        class BaseSettings:  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+            """No-op fallback"""
+
+
 from pytest import fixture, mark, raises
 
+from dependency_injector import providers
 
-class Section11(pydantic.BaseModel):
+pytestmark = mark.pydantic
+
+
+class Section11(BaseModel):
     value1: int = 1
 
 
-class Section12(pydantic.BaseModel):
+class Section12(BaseModel):
     value2: int = 2
 
 
-class Settings1(pydantic.BaseSettings):
+class Settings1(BaseSettings):
     section1: Section11 = Section11()
     section2: Section12 = Section12()
 
 
-class Section21(pydantic.BaseModel):
+class Section21(BaseModel):
     value1: int = 11
     value11: int = 11
 
 
-class Section3(pydantic.BaseModel):
+class Section3(BaseModel):
     value3: int = 3
 
 
-class Settings2(pydantic.BaseSettings):
+class Settings2(BaseSettings):
     section1: Section21 = Section21()
-    section3: Section3= Section3()
+    section3: Section3 = Section3()
 
 
 @fixture
@@ -86,10 +103,10 @@ def test_copy(config, pydantic_settings_1, pydantic_settings_2):
 
 
 def test_set_pydantic_settings(config):
-    class Settings3(pydantic.BaseSettings):
+    class Settings3(BaseSettings):
         ...
 
-    class Settings4(pydantic.BaseSettings):
+    class Settings4(BaseSettings):
         ...
 
     settings_3 = Settings3()
@@ -100,27 +117,27 @@ def test_set_pydantic_settings(config):
 
 
 def test_file_does_not_exist(config):
-    config.set_pydantic_settings([pydantic.BaseSettings()])
+    config.set_pydantic_settings([BaseSettings()])
     config.load()
     assert config() == {}
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("config_type", ["strict"])
 def test_file_does_not_exist_strict_mode(config):
-    config.set_pydantic_settings([pydantic.BaseSettings()])
+    config.set_pydantic_settings([BaseSettings()])
     with raises(ValueError):
         config.load()
     assert config() == {}
 
 
 def test_required_file_does_not_exist(config):
-    config.set_pydantic_settings([pydantic.BaseSettings()])
+    config.set_pydantic_settings([BaseSettings()])
     with raises(ValueError):
         config.load(required=True)
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("config_type", ["strict"])
 def test_not_required_file_does_not_exist_strict_mode(config):
-    config.set_pydantic_settings([pydantic.BaseSettings()])
+    config.set_pydantic_settings([BaseSettings()])
     config.load(required=False)
     assert config() == {}

tests/unit/providers/coroutines/test_coroutine_py35.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Coroutine provider tests."""
+import sys
 
 from dependency_injector import providers, errors
 from pytest import mark, raises
@@ -208,3 +209,17 @@ def test_repr():
         "<dependency_injector.providers."
         "Coroutine({0}) at {1}>".format(repr(example), hex(id(provider)))
     )
+
+
+@mark.skipif(sys.version_info > (3, 15), reason="requires Python<3.16")
+def test_asyncio_iscoroutinefunction() -> None:
+    from asyncio.coroutines import iscoroutinefunction
+
+    assert iscoroutinefunction(providers.Coroutine(example))
+
+
+@mark.skipif(sys.version_info < (3, 12), reason="requires Python>=3.12")
+def test_inspect_iscoroutinefunction() -> None:
+    from inspect import iscoroutinefunction
+
+    assert iscoroutinefunction(providers.Coroutine(example))

tests/unit/providers/singleton/test_thread_local_singleton_py3.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import pytest
+
+from dependency_injector.containers import Container
+from dependency_injector.providers import ThreadLocalSingleton
+
+
+class FailingClass:
+    def __init__(self):
+        raise ValueError("FAILING CLASS")
+
+
+class TestContainer(Container):
+    failing_class = ThreadLocalSingleton(FailingClass)
+
+
+def test_on_failure_value_error_is_raised():
+    container = TestContainer()
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="FAILING CLASS"):
+        container.failing_class()

tests/unit/providers/utils/test_deepcopy_py3.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import sys
+from typing import Any, Dict, NoReturn
+
+from pytest import raises
+
+from dependency_injector.errors import NonCopyableArgumentError
+from dependency_injector.providers import (
+    Provider,
+    deepcopy,
+    deepcopy_args,
+    deepcopy_kwargs,
+)
+
+
+class NonCopiable:
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Dict[int, Any]) -> NoReturn:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+def test_deepcopy_streams_not_copied() -> None:
+    l = [sys.stdin, sys.stdout, sys.stderr]
+    assert deepcopy(l) == l
+
+
+def test_deepcopy_args() -> None:
+    provider = Provider[None]()
+    copiable = NonCopiable()
+    memo: Dict[int, Any] = {id(copiable): copiable}
+
+    assert deepcopy_args(provider, (1, copiable), memo) == (1, copiable)
+
+
+def test_deepcopy_args_non_copiable() -> None:
+    provider = Provider[None]()
+    copiable = NonCopiable()
+    memo: Dict[int, Any] = {id(copiable): copiable}
+
+    with raises(
+        NonCopyableArgumentError,
+        match=r"^Couldn't copy argument at index 3 for provider ",
+    ):
+        deepcopy_args(provider, (1, copiable, object(), NonCopiable()), memo)
+
+
+def test_deepcopy_kwargs() -> None:
+    provider = Provider[None]()
+    copiable = NonCopiable()
+    memo: Dict[int, Any] = {id(copiable): copiable}
+
+    assert deepcopy_kwargs(provider, {"x": 1, "y": copiable}, memo) == {
+        "x": 1,
+        "y": copiable,
+    }
+
+
+def test_deepcopy_kwargs_non_copiable() -> None:
+    provider = Provider[None]()
+    copiable = NonCopiable()
+    memo: Dict[int, Any] = {id(copiable): copiable}
+
+    with raises(
+        NonCopyableArgumentError,
+        match=r"^Couldn't copy keyword argument z for provider ",
+    ):
+        deepcopy_kwargs(provider, {"x": 1, "y": copiable, "z": NonCopiable()}, memo)

tests/unit/samples/wiringfastapi/web.py

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import sys
 
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
 from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
-from fastapi import Request  # See: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/398
+from fastapi import (
+    Request,
+)  # See: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/398
 from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
@@ -28,11 +32,16 @@ async def index(service: Service = Depends(Provide[Container.service])):
     return {"result": result}
 
 
+@app.api_route("/annotated")
+@inject
+async def annotated(service: Annotated[Service, Depends(Provide[Container.service])]):
+    result = await service.process()
+    return {"result": result}
+
+
 @app.get("/auth")
 @inject
-def read_current_user(
-        credentials: HTTPBasicCredentials = Depends(security)
-):
+def read_current_user(credentials: HTTPBasicCredentials = Depends(security)):
     return {"username": credentials.username, "password": credentials.password}
 
 

tests/unit/samples/wiringflask/web.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
 from flask import Flask, jsonify, request, current_app, session, g
-from flask import _request_ctx_stack, _app_ctx_stack
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
 
 # This is here for testing wiring bypasses these objects without crashing
 request, current_app, session, g  # noqa
-_request_ctx_stack, _app_ctx_stack  # noqa
 
 
 class Service:
@@ -28,5 +28,12 @@ def index(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]):
     return jsonify({"result": result})
 
 
+@app.route("/annotated")
+@inject
+def annotated(service: Annotated[Service, Provide[Container.service]]):
+    result = service.process()
+    return jsonify({"result": result})
+
+
 container = Container()
 container.wire(modules=[__name__])

tests/unit/samples/wiringstringids/resourceclosing.py

@@ -1,41 +1,80 @@
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide, Closing
+from dependency_injector.wiring import Closing, Provide, inject
+
+
+class Counter:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._init = 0
+        self._shutdown = 0
+
+    def init(self) -> None:
+        self._init += 1
+
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        self._shutdown += 1
+
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self._init = 0
+        self._shutdown = 0
 
 
 class Service:
-    init_counter: int = 0
-    shutdown_counter: int = 0
+    def __init__(self, counter: Optional[Counter] = None, **dependencies: Any) -> None:
+        self.counter = counter or Counter()
+        self.dependencies = dependencies
 
-    @classmethod
-    def reset_counter(cls):
-        cls.init_counter = 0
-        cls.shutdown_counter = 0
+    def init(self) -> None:
+        self.counter.init()
 
-    @classmethod
-    def init(cls):
-        cls.init_counter += 1
+    def shutdown(self) -> None:
+        self.counter.shutdown()
 
-    @classmethod
-    def shutdown(cls):
-        cls.shutdown_counter += 1
+    @property
+    def init_counter(self) -> int:
+        return self.counter._init
+
+    @property
+    def shutdown_counter(self) -> int:
+        return self.counter._shutdown
 
 
 class FactoryService:
-    def __init__(self, service: Service):
+    def __init__(self, service: Service, service2: Service):
         self.service = service
+        self.service2 = service2
 
 
-def init_service():
-    service = Service()
+class NestedService:
+    def __init__(self, factory_service: FactoryService):
+        self.factory_service = factory_service
+
+
+def init_service(counter: Counter, _list: List[int], _dict: Dict[str, int]):
+    service = Service(counter, _list=_list, _dict=_dict)
     service.init()
     yield service
     service.shutdown()
 
 
 class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-    service = providers.Resource(init_service)
-    factory_service = providers.Factory(FactoryService, service)
+    counter = providers.Singleton(Counter)
+    _list = providers.List(
+        providers.Callable(lambda a: a, a=1), providers.Callable(lambda b: b, 2)
+    )
+    _dict = providers.Dict(
+        a=providers.Callable(lambda a: a, a=3), b=providers.Callable(lambda b: b, 4)
+    )
+    service = providers.Resource(init_service, counter, _list, _dict=_dict)
+    service2 = providers.Resource(init_service, counter, _list, _dict=_dict)
+    factory_service = providers.Factory(FactoryService, service, service2)
+    factory_service_kwargs = providers.Factory(
+        FactoryService,
+        service=service,
+        service2=service2,
+    )
+    nested_service = providers.Factory(NestedService, factory_service)
 
 
 @inject
@@ -44,5 +83,21 @@ def test_function(service: Service = Closing[Provide["service"]]):
 
 
 @inject
-def test_function_dependency(factory: FactoryService = Closing[Provide["factory_service"]]):
+def test_function_dependency(
+    factory: FactoryService = Closing[Provide["factory_service"]],
+):
     return factory
+
+
+@inject
+def test_function_dependency_kwargs(
+    factory: FactoryService = Closing[Provide["factory_service_kwargs"]],
+):
+    return factory
+
+
+@inject
+def test_function_nested_dependency(
+    nested: NestedService = Closing[Provide["nested_service"]],
+):
+    return nested

tests/unit/wiring/string_ids/test_main_py36.py

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 
 from decimal import Decimal
 
+from pytest import fixture, mark, raises
+from samples.wiringstringids import module, package, resourceclosing
+from samples.wiringstringids.container import Container, SubContainer
+from samples.wiringstringids.service import Service
+
 from dependency_injector import errors
 from dependency_injector.wiring import Closing, Provide, Provider, wire
-from pytest import fixture, mark, raises
-
-from samples.wiringstringids import module, package, resourceclosing
-from samples.wiringstringids.service import Service
-from samples.wiringstringids.container import Container, SubContainer
 
 
 @fixture(autouse=True)
@@ -34,10 +34,11 @@ def subcontainer():
 
 
 @fixture
-def resourceclosing_container():
+def resourceclosing_container(request):
     container = resourceclosing.Container()
     container.wire(modules=[resourceclosing])
-    yield container
+    with container.reset_singletons():
+        yield container
     container.unwire()
 
 
@@ -274,42 +275,65 @@ def test_wire_multiple_containers():
 
 @mark.usefixtures("resourceclosing_container")
 def test_closing_resource():
-    resourceclosing.Service.reset_counter()
-
     result_1 = resourceclosing.test_function()
     assert isinstance(result_1, resourceclosing.Service)
     assert result_1.init_counter == 1
     assert result_1.shutdown_counter == 1
+    assert result_1.dependencies == {"_list": [1, 2], "_dict": {"a": 3, "b": 4}}
 
     result_2 = resourceclosing.test_function()
     assert isinstance(result_2, resourceclosing.Service)
     assert result_2.init_counter == 2
     assert result_2.shutdown_counter == 2
+    assert result_1.dependencies == {"_list": [1, 2], "_dict": {"a": 3, "b": 4}}
 
     assert result_1 is not result_2
 
 
 @mark.usefixtures("resourceclosing_container")
 def test_closing_dependency_resource():
-    resourceclosing.Service.reset_counter()
-
     result_1 = resourceclosing.test_function_dependency()
     assert isinstance(result_1, resourceclosing.FactoryService)
-    assert result_1.service.init_counter == 1
-    assert result_1.service.shutdown_counter == 1
+    assert result_1.service.init_counter == 2
+    assert result_1.service.shutdown_counter == 2
 
     result_2 = resourceclosing.test_function_dependency()
+
     assert isinstance(result_2, resourceclosing.FactoryService)
-    assert result_2.service.init_counter == 2
-    assert result_2.service.shutdown_counter == 2
+    assert result_2.service.init_counter == 4
+    assert result_2.service.shutdown_counter == 4
+
+
+@mark.usefixtures("resourceclosing_container")
+def test_closing_dependency_resource_kwargs():
+    result_1 = resourceclosing.test_function_dependency_kwargs()
+    assert isinstance(result_1, resourceclosing.FactoryService)
+    assert result_1.service.init_counter == 2
+    assert result_1.service.shutdown_counter == 2
+
+    result_2 = resourceclosing.test_function_dependency_kwargs()
+    assert isinstance(result_2, resourceclosing.FactoryService)
+    assert result_2.service.init_counter == 4
+    assert result_2.service.shutdown_counter == 4
+
+
+@mark.usefixtures("resourceclosing_container")
+def test_closing_nested_dependency_resource():
+    result_1 = resourceclosing.test_function_nested_dependency()
+    assert isinstance(result_1, resourceclosing.NestedService)
+    assert result_1.factory_service.service.init_counter == 2
+    assert result_1.factory_service.service.shutdown_counter == 2
+
+    result_2 = resourceclosing.test_function_nested_dependency()
+    assert isinstance(result_2, resourceclosing.NestedService)
+    assert result_2.factory_service.service.init_counter == 4
+    assert result_2.factory_service.service.shutdown_counter == 4
 
     assert result_1 is not result_2
 
 
 @mark.usefixtures("resourceclosing_container")
 def test_closing_resource_bypass_marker_injection():
-    resourceclosing.Service.reset_counter()
-
     result_1 = resourceclosing.test_function(service=Closing[Provide["service"]])
     assert isinstance(result_1, resourceclosing.Service)
     assert result_1.init_counter == 1
@@ -325,7 +349,6 @@ def test_closing_resource_bypass_marker_injection():
 
 @mark.usefixtures("resourceclosing_container")
 def test_closing_resource_context():
-    resourceclosing.Service.reset_counter()
     service = resourceclosing.Service()
 
     result_1 = resourceclosing.test_function(service=service)

tests/unit/wiring/test_fastapi_py36.py

@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
-from httpx import AsyncClient
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 from pytest import fixture, mark
 from pytest_asyncio import fixture as aio_fixture
 
 # Runtime import to avoid syntax errors in samples on Python < 3.5 and reach top-dir
 import os
+
 _SAMPLES_DIR = os.path.abspath(
-    os.path.sep.join((
-        os.path.dirname(__file__),
-        "../samples/",
-    )),
+    os.path.sep.join(
+        (
+            os.path.dirname(__file__),
+            "../samples/",
+        )
+    ),
 )
 import sys
+
 sys.path.append(_SAMPLES_DIR)
 
 
@@ -19,7 +23,7 @@ from wiringfastapi import web
 
 @aio_fixture
 async def async_client():
-    client = AsyncClient(app=web.app, base_url="http://test")
+    client = AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=web.app), base_url="http://test")
     yield client
     await client.aclose()
 
@@ -37,6 +41,19 @@ async def test_depends_marker_injection(async_client: AsyncClient):
     assert response.json() == {"result": "Foo"}
 
 
+@mark.asyncio
+async def test_depends_with_annotated(async_client: AsyncClient):
+    class ServiceMock:
+        async def process(self):
+            return "Foo"
+
+    with web.container.service.override(ServiceMock()):
+        response = await async_client.get("/")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"result": "Foo"}
+
+
 @mark.asyncio
 async def test_depends_injection(async_client: AsyncClient):
     response = await async_client.get("/auth", auth=("john_smith", "secret"))

tests/unit/wiring/test_flask_py36.py

@@ -2,19 +2,25 @@ import json
 
 # Runtime import to avoid syntax errors in samples on Python < 3.5 and reach top-dir
 import os
+
 _TOP_DIR = os.path.abspath(
-    os.path.sep.join((
-        os.path.dirname(__file__),
-        "../",
-    )),
+    os.path.sep.join(
+        (
+            os.path.dirname(__file__),
+            "../",
+        )
+    ),
 )
 _SAMPLES_DIR = os.path.abspath(
-    os.path.sep.join((
-        os.path.dirname(__file__),
-        "../samples/",
-    )),
+    os.path.sep.join(
+        (
+            os.path.dirname(__file__),
+            "../samples/",
+        )
+    ),
 )
 import sys
+
 sys.path.append(_TOP_DIR)
 sys.path.append(_SAMPLES_DIR)
 
@@ -29,3 +35,13 @@ def test_wiring_with_flask():
 
     assert response.status_code == 200
     assert json.loads(response.data) == {"result": "OK"}
+
+
+def test_wiring_with_annotated():
+    client = web.app.test_client()
+
+    with web.app.app_context():
+        response = client.get("/annotated")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert json.loads(response.data) == {"result": "OK"}