Merge branch 'release/4.48.1'

* Remove KWPair
* Avoid type checks around _is_injectable

.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+end_of_line = lf
+insert_final_newline = true
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+
+[*.{py,pyi,pxd,pyx}]
+ij_visual_guides = 80,88

.github/workflows/publishing.yml

@@ -60,19 +60,20 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-2019, macos-14]
+        os: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-2022, macos-14]
     env:
       CIBW_ENABLE: pypy
       CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: >-
         PIP_CONFIG_SETTINGS="build_ext=-j4"
         DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_LIMITED_API="1"
+        CFLAGS="-g0"
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.23.3
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.0.0
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: cibw-wheels-x86-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
+          name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 
   test-publish:

docs/api/asgi-lifespan.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+dependency_injector.ext.starlette
+=================================
+
+.. automodule:: dependency_injector.ext.starlette
+   :members:
+   :inherited-members:
+   :show-inheritance:
+
+.. disqus::

docs/api/index.rst

@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ API Documentation
 =================
 
 ..  toctree::
-    :maxdepth: 2
+   :maxdepth: 2
 
    top-level
    providers
    containers
    wiring
    errors
+   asgi-lifespan

docs/conf.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ release = version
 #
 # This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
 # Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
-language = None
+language = "en"
 
 # There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
 # non-false value, then it is used:

docs/examples/django.rst

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Container is wired to the ``views`` module in the app config ``web/apps.py``:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/django/web/apps.py
    :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 13
+   :emphasize-lines: 12
 
 Tests
 -----

docs/examples/fastdepends.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+.. _fastdepends-example:
+
+FastDepends example
+===================
+
+.. meta::
+   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,FastDepends,Example
+   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the FastDepends and Dependency Injector.
+
+
+This example demonstrates how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `FastDepends <https://github.com/Lancetnik/FastDepends>`_, a lightweight dependency injection framework inspired by FastAPI's dependency system, but without the web framework components.
+
+Basic Usage
+-----------
+
+The integration between FastDepends and Dependency Injector is straightforward. Simply use Dependency Injector's ``Provide`` marker within FastDepends' ``Depends`` function:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    import sys
+
+    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
+    from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
+    from fast_depends import Depends
+
+
+    class CoefficientService:
+        @staticmethod
+        def get_coefficient() -> float:
+            return 1.2
+
+
+    class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+        service = providers.Factory(CoefficientService)
+
+
+    @inject
+    def apply_coefficient(
+        a: int,
+        coefficient_provider: CoefficientService = Depends(Provide[Container.service]),
+    ) -> float:
+        return a * coefficient_provider.get_coefficient()
+
+
+    container = Container()
+    container.wire(modules=[sys.modules[__name__]])
+
+    apply_coefficient(100) == 120.0

docs/examples/index.rst

@@ -22,5 +22,6 @@ Explore the examples to see the ``Dependency Injector`` in action.
     fastapi
     fastapi-redis
     fastapi-sqlalchemy
+    fastdepends
 
 .. disqus::

docs/introduction/key_features.rst

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Key features of the ``Dependency Injector``:
 
 The framework stands on the `PEP20 (The Zen of Python) <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/>`_ principle:
 
-.. code-block:: plain
+.. code-block:: text
 
    Explicit is better than implicit
 

docs/main/changelog.rst

@@ -7,15 +7,39 @@ that were made in every particular version.
 From version 0.7.6 *Dependency Injector* framework strictly
 follows `Semantic versioning`_
 
+4.48.1
+------
+
+* Improve performance of ``dependency_injector._cwiring.DependencyResolver``
+* Add ``typing-extensions`` as a dependency for older Python versions (<3.11)
+* Produce warning on ``@inject``s without ``Provide[...]`` marks
+* Add support for `resource_type` in ``Lifespan``s
+
+4.48.0
+------
+
+- Improve performance of wiring (`#897 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/897>`_)
+- Add Context Manager support to Resource provider (`#899 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/899>`_)
+- Add support for async generator injections (`#900 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/900>`_)
+- Fix unintended dependency on ``typing_extensions`` (`#902 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/902>`_)
+- Add support for Fast Depends (`#898 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/898>`_)
+- Add ``resource_type`` parameter to init and shutdown resources using specialized providers (`#858 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/858>`_)
+
+4.47.1
+------
+
+- Fix typing for wiring marker (`#892 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/896>`_)
+- Strip debug symbols in wheels
+
 4.47.0
--------
+------
 
 - Add support for ``Annotated`` type for module and class attribute injection in wiring,
   with updated documentation and examples.
   See discussion:
   https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/721#issuecomment-2025263718
-- Fix ``root`` property shadowing in ``ConfigurationOption`` (`#875 https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/875`_)
-- Fix incorrect monkeypatching during ``wire()`` that could violate MRO in some classes (`#886 https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/886`_)
+- Fix ``root`` property shadowing in ``ConfigurationOption`` (`#875 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/875>`_)
+- Fix incorrect monkeypatching during ``wire()`` that could violate MRO in some classes (`#886 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/886>`_)
 - ABI3 wheels are now published for CPython.
 - Drop support of Python 3.7.
 
@@ -371,8 +395,8 @@ Many thanks to `ZipFile <https://github.com/ZipFile>`_ for both contributions.
 - Make refactoring of wiring module and tests.
   See PR # `#406 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/406>`_.
   Thanks to `@withshubh <https://github.com/withshubh>`_ for the contribution:
-    - Remove unused imports in tests.
-    - Use literal syntax to create data structure in tests.
+  - Remove unused imports in tests.
+  - Use literal syntax to create data structure in tests.
 - Add integration with a static analysis tool `DeepSource <https://deepsource.io/>`_.
 
 4.26.0

docs/providers/resource.rst

@@ -61,11 +61,12 @@ When you call ``.shutdown()`` method on a resource provider, it will remove the
 if any, and switch to uninitialized state. Some of resource initializer types support specifying custom
 resource shutdown.
 
-Resource provider supports 3 types of initializers:
+Resource provider supports 4 types of initializers:
 
 - Function
-- Generator
-- Subclass of ``resources.Resource``
+- Context Manager
+- Generator (legacy)
+- Subclass of ``resources.Resource`` (legacy)
 
 Function initializer
 --------------------
@@ -103,8 +104,44 @@ you configure global resource:
 
 Function initializer does not provide a way to specify custom resource shutdown.
 
-Generator initializer
----------------------
+Context Manager initializer
+---------------------------
+
+This is an extension to the Function initializer. Resource provider automatically detects if the initializer returns a
+context manager and uses it to manage the resource lifecycle.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   from dependency_injector import containers, providers
+
+   class DatabaseConnection:
+       def __init__(self, host, port, user, password):
+           self.host = host
+           self.port = port
+           self.user = user
+           self.password = password
+
+       def __enter__(self):
+           print(f"Connecting to {self.host}:{self.port} as {self.user}")
+           return self
+
+       def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+           print("Closing connection")
+
+
+   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+
+       config = providers.Configuration()
+       db = providers.Resource(
+           DatabaseConnection,
+           host=config.db.host,
+           port=config.db.port,
+           user=config.db.user,
+           password=config.db.password,
+       )
+
+Generator initializer (legacy)
+------------------------------
 
 Resource provider can use 2-step generators:
 
@@ -154,8 +191,13 @@ object is not mandatory. You can leave ``yield`` statement empty:
            argument2=...,
        )
 
-Subclass initializer
---------------------
+.. note::
+
+   Generator initializers are automatically wrapped with ``contextmanager`` or ``asynccontextmanager`` decorator when
+   provided to a ``Resource`` provider.
+
+Subclass initializer (legacy)
+-----------------------------
 
 You can create resource initializer by implementing a subclass of the ``resources.Resource``:
 
@@ -210,6 +252,72 @@ first argument.
 
 .. _resource-provider-wiring-closing:
 
+Scoping Resources using specialized subclasses
+----------------------------------------------
+
+You can use specialized subclasses of ``Resource`` provider to initialize and shutdown resources by type.
+Allowing for example to only initialize a subgroup of resources.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   class ScopedResource(resources.Resource):
+       pass
+
+   def init_service(name) -> Service:
+      print(f"Init {name}")
+      yield Service()
+      print(f"Shutdown {name}")
+
+   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+
+       scoped = ScopedResource(
+           init_service,
+           "scoped",
+       )
+
+       generic = providers.Resource(
+           init_service,
+           "generic",
+       )
+
+
+To initialize resources by type you can use ``init_resources(resource_type)`` and ``shutdown_resources(resource_type)``
+methods adding the resource type as an argument:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   def main():
+       container = Container()
+       container.init_resources(ScopedResource)
+       #  Generates:
+       # >>> Init scoped
+
+       container.shutdown_resources(ScopedResource)
+       #  Generates:
+       # >>> Shutdown scoped
+
+
+And to initialize all resources you can use ``init_resources()`` and ``shutdown_resources()`` without arguments:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   def main():
+       container = Container()
+       container.init_resources()
+       #  Generates:
+       # >>> Init scoped
+       # >>> Init generic
+
+       container.shutdown_resources()
+       #  Generates:
+       # >>> Shutdown scoped
+       # >>> Shutdown generic
+
+
+It works using the ``traverse()`` method to find all resources of the specified type, selecting all resources
+which are instances of the specified type.
+
+
 Resources, wiring, and per-function execution scope
 ---------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -263,10 +371,11 @@ Asynchronous function initializer:
            argument2=...,
        )
 
-Asynchronous generator initializer:
+Asynchronous Context Manager initializer:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
+   @asynccontextmanager
    async def init_async_resource(argument1=..., argument2=...):
        connection = await connect()
        yield connection
@@ -358,5 +467,54 @@ See also:
 - Wiring :ref:`async-injections-wiring`
 - :ref:`fastapi-redis-example`
 
+ASGI Lifespan Protocol Support
+------------------------------
+
+The :mod:`dependency_injector.ext.starlette` module provides a :class:`~dependency_injector.ext.starlette.Lifespan`
+class that integrates resource providers with ASGI applications using the `Lifespan Protocol`_. This allows resources to
+be automatically initialized at application startup and properly shut down when the application stops.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
+    from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
+    from dependency_injector.ext.starlette import Lifespan
+    from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, Depends, APIRouter
+
+    class Connection: ...
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def init_database():
+        print("opening database connection")
+        yield Connection()
+        print("closing database connection")
+
+    router = APIRouter()
+
+    @router.get("/")
+    @inject
+    async def index(request: Request, db: Connection = Depends(Provide["db"])):
+        # use the database connection here
+        return "OK!"
+
+    class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+        __self__ = providers.Self()
+        db = providers.Resource(init_database)
+        lifespan = providers.Singleton(Lifespan, __self__)
+        app = providers.Singleton(FastAPI, lifespan=lifespan)
+        _include_router = providers.Resource(
+            app.provided.include_router.call(),
+            router,
+        )
+
+    if __name__ == "__main__":
+        import uvicorn
+
+        container = Container()
+        app = container.app()
+        uvicorn.run(app, host="localhost", port=8000)
+
+.. _Lifespan Protocol: https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/lifespan.html
 
 .. disqus::

docs/tutorials/aiohttp.rst

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Let's check that it works. Open another terminal session and use ``httpie``:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: json
+.. code-block:: http
 
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Content-Length: 844
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ and make a request to the API in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: json
+.. code-block:: http
 
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Content-Length: 492

docs/tutorials/cli.rst

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Create next structure in the project root directory. All files are empty. That's
 
 Initial project layout:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
 
    ./
    ├── movies/
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Now it's time to install the project requirements. We will use next packages:
 
 Put next lines into the ``requirements.txt`` file:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
 
    dependency-injector
    pyyaml
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ We will create a script that creates database files.
 First add the folder ``data/`` in the root of the project and then add the file
 ``fixtures.py`` inside of it:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
    :emphasize-lines: 2-3
 
    ./
@@ -205,13 +205,13 @@ Now run in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
 
    OK
 
 Check that files ``movies.csv`` and ``movies.db`` have appeared in the ``data/`` folder:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
    :emphasize-lines: 4-5
 
    ./
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ After each step we will add the provider to the container.
 
 Create the ``entities.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
    :emphasize-lines: 10
 
    ./
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ Let's move on to the finders.
 
 Create the ``finders.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
    :emphasize-lines: 11
 
    ./
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ The configuration file is ready. Move on to the lister.
 
 Create the ``listers.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
    :emphasize-lines: 12
 
    ./
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: plain
+.. code-block:: text
 
    Francis Lawrence movies:
        - Movie(title='The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 2', year=2015, director='Francis Lawrence')
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: plain
+.. code-block:: text
 
    Francis Lawrence movies:
        - Movie(title='The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 2', year=2015, director='Francis Lawrence')
@@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ Run in the terminal line by line:
 
 The output should be similar for each command:
 
-.. code-block:: plain
+.. code-block:: text
 
    Francis Lawrence movies:
        - Movie(title='The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 2', year=2015, director='Francis Lawrence')
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ We will use `pytest <https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/>`_ and
 
 Create ``tests.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+.. code-block:: text
    :emphasize-lines: 13
 
    ./
@@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block::
+.. code-block:: text
 
    platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
    plugins: cov-3.0.0

docs/tutorials/flask.rst

@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ Now let's fill in the layout.
 
 Put next into the ``base.html``:
 
-.. code-block:: html
+.. code-block:: jinja
 
    <!doctype html>
    <html lang="en">
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ And put something to the index page.
 
 Put next into the ``index.html``:
 
-.. code-block:: html
+.. code-block:: jinja
 
    {% extends "base.html" %}
 

docs/wiring.rst

@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ To inject the provider itself use ``Provide[foo.provider]``:
    def foo(bar_provider: Factory[Bar] = Provide[Container.bar.provider]):
        bar = bar_provider(argument="baz")
        ...
+
 You can also use ``Provider[foo]`` for injecting the provider itself:
 
 .. code-block:: python
@@ -631,6 +632,36 @@ or with a single container ``register_loader_containers(container)`` multiple ti
 To unregister a container use ``unregister_loader_containers(container)``.
 Wiring module will uninstall the import hook when unregister last container.
 
+Few notes on performance
+------------------------
+
+``.wire()`` utilize caching to speed up the wiring process. At the end it clears the cache to avoid memory leaks.
+But this may not always be desirable, when you want to keep the cache for the next wiring
+(e.g. due to usage of multiple containers or during unit tests).
+
+To keep the cache after wiring, you can set flag ``keep_cache=True`` (works with ``WiringConfiguration`` too):
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   container1.wire(
+       modules=["yourapp.module1", "yourapp.module2"],
+       keep_cache=True,
+   )
+   container2.wire(
+       modules=["yourapp.module2", "yourapp.module3"],
+       keep_cache=True,
+   )
+   ...
+
+and then clear it manually when you need it:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   from dependency_injector.wiring import clear_cache
+
+   clear_cache()
+
+
 Integration with other frameworks
 ---------------------------------
 
@@ -662,5 +693,6 @@ Take a look at other application examples:
 - :ref:`fastapi-example`
 - :ref:`fastapi-redis-example`
 - :ref:`fastapi-sqlalchemy-example`
+- :ref:`fastdepends-example`
 
 .. disqus::

examples/miniapps/movie-lister/data/fixtures.py

@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@ SQLITE_FILE = DIR / "movies.db"
 
 
 def create_csv(movies_data, path):
-    with open(path, "w") as opened_file:
+    with open(path, "w", newline="") as opened_file:
         writer = csv.writer(opened_file)
-        for row in movies_data:
-            writer.writerow(row)
+        writer.writerows(movies_data)
 
 
 def create_sqlite(movies_data, path):

examples/miniapps/movie-lister/movies/finders.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class CsvMovieFinder(MovieFinder):
         super().__init__(movie_factory)
 
     def find_all(self) -> List[Movie]:
-        with open(self._csv_file_path) as csv_file:
+        with open(self._csv_file_path, newline="") as csv_file:
             csv_reader = csv.reader(csv_file, delimiter=self._delimiter)
             return [self._movie_factory(*row) for row in csv_reader]
 

examples/providers/resource.py

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 import sys
 import logging
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 
 
+@contextmanager
 def init_thread_pool(max_workers: int):
     thread_pool = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers)
     yield thread_pool

pyproject.toml

@@ -52,6 +52,11 @@ classifiers = [
     "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
 ]
 dynamic = ["version"]
+dependencies = [
+    # typing.Annotated since v3.9
+    # typing.Self since v3.11
+    "typing-extensions; python_version<'3.11'",
+]
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 yaml = ["pyyaml"]
@@ -91,6 +96,7 @@ show_missing = true
 
 [tool.isort]
 profile = "black"
+combine_as_imports = true
 
 [tool.pylint.main]
 ignore = ["tests"]
@@ -107,6 +113,7 @@ markers = [
     "pydantic: Tests with Pydantic as a dependency",
 ]
 filterwarnings = [
+    "ignore::dependency_injector.wiring.DIWiringWarning",
     "ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp\" is deprecated since version 4\\.0\\.0:DeprecationWarning",
     "ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.flask\" is deprecated since version 4\\.0\\.0:DeprecationWarning",
     "ignore:Please use \\`.*?\\` from the \\`scipy.*?\\`(.*?)namespace is deprecated\\.:DeprecationWarning",

requirements-dev.txt

@@ -20,5 +20,6 @@ scipy
 boto3
 mypy_boto3_s3
 typing_extensions
+fast-depends
 
 -r requirements-ext.txt

src/dependency_injector/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Top-level package."""
 
-__version__ = "4.47.0"
+__version__ = "4.48.1"
 """Version number.
 
 :type: str

src/dependency_injector/_cwiring.pyi

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from typing import Any, Dict
+
+from .providers import Provider
+
+class DependencyResolver:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
+        injections: Dict[str, Provider[Any]],
+        closings: Dict[str, Provider[Any]],
+        /,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def __enter__(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: ...
+    def __exit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None: ...
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: ...
+    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None: ...
+
+def _isawaitable(instance: Any) -> bool: ...

src/dependency_injector/_cwiring.pyx

@@ -1,83 +1,93 @@
 """Wiring optimizations module."""
 
-import asyncio
-import collections.abc
-import inspect
-import types
-
-from .wiring import _Marker
+from asyncio import gather
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
+from inspect import CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE
+from types import CoroutineType, GeneratorType
 
 from .providers cimport Provider, Resource
+from .wiring import _Marker
 
 
-def _sync_inject(object fn, tuple args, dict kwargs, dict injections, dict closings, /):
-    cdef object result
+cdef inline bint _is_injectable(dict kwargs, object name):
+    return name not in kwargs or isinstance(kwargs[name], _Marker)
+
+
+cdef class DependencyResolver:
+    cdef dict kwargs
     cdef dict to_inject
-    cdef object arg_key
-    cdef Provider provider
+    cdef dict injections
+    cdef dict closings
 
-    to_inject = kwargs.copy()
-    for arg_key, provider in injections.items():
-        if arg_key not in kwargs or isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
-            to_inject[arg_key] = provider()
+    def __init__(self, dict kwargs, dict injections, dict closings, /):
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.to_inject = kwargs.copy()
+        self.injections = injections
+        self.closings = closings
 
-    result = fn(*args, **to_inject)
+    async def _await_injection(self, name: str, value: object, /) -> None:
+        self.to_inject[name] = await value
 
-    if closings:
-        for arg_key, provider in closings.items():
-            if arg_key in kwargs and not isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
-                continue
-            if not isinstance(provider, Resource):
-                continue
-            provider.shutdown()
+    cdef void _handle_injections_sync(self):
+        cdef Provider provider
 
-    return result
+        for name, provider in self.injections.items():
+            if _is_injectable(self.kwargs, name):
+                self.to_inject[name] = provider()
 
+    cdef list _handle_injections_async(self):
+        cdef list to_await = []
+        cdef Provider provider
 
-async def _async_inject(object fn, tuple args, dict kwargs, dict injections, dict closings, /):
-    cdef object result
-    cdef dict to_inject
-    cdef list to_inject_await = []
-    cdef list to_close_await = []
-    cdef object arg_key
-    cdef Provider provider
+        for name, provider in self.injections.items():
+            if _is_injectable(self.kwargs, name):
+                provide = provider()
 
-    to_inject = kwargs.copy()
-    for arg_key, provider in injections.items():
-        if arg_key not in kwargs or isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
-            provide = provider()
-            if provider.is_async_mode_enabled():
-                to_inject_await.append((arg_key, provide))
-            elif _isawaitable(provide):
-                to_inject_await.append((arg_key, provide))
-            else:
-                to_inject[arg_key] = provide
+                if provider.is_async_mode_enabled() or _isawaitable(provide):
+                    to_await.append(self._await_injection(name, provide))
+                else:
+                    self.to_inject[name] = provide
 
-    if to_inject_await:
-        async_to_inject = await asyncio.gather(*(provide for _, provide in to_inject_await))
-        for provide, (injection, _) in zip(async_to_inject, to_inject_await):
-            to_inject[injection] = provide
+        return to_await
 
-    result = await fn(*args, **to_inject)
+    cdef void _handle_closings_sync(self):
+        cdef Provider provider
 
-    if closings:
-        for arg_key, provider in closings.items():
-            if arg_key in kwargs and isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
-                continue
-            if not isinstance(provider, Resource):
-                continue
-            shutdown = provider.shutdown()
-            if _isawaitable(shutdown):
-                to_close_await.append(shutdown)
+        for name, provider in self.closings.items():
+            if _is_injectable(self.kwargs, name) and isinstance(provider, Resource):
+                provider.shutdown()
 
-        await asyncio.gather(*to_close_await)
+    cdef list _handle_closings_async(self):
+        cdef list to_await = []
+        cdef Provider provider
 
-    return result
+        for name, provider in self.closings.items():
+            if _is_injectable(self.kwargs, name) and isinstance(provider, Resource):
+                if _isawaitable(shutdown := provider.shutdown()):
+                    to_await.append(shutdown)
+
+        return to_await
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self._handle_injections_sync()
+        return self.to_inject
+
+    def __exit__(self, *_):
+        self._handle_closings_sync()
+
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        if to_await := self._handle_injections_async():
+            await gather(*to_await)
+        return self.to_inject
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *_):
+        if to_await := self._handle_closings_async():
+            await gather(*to_await)
 
 
 cdef bint _isawaitable(object instance):
     """Return true if object can be passed to an ``await`` expression."""
-    return (isinstance(instance, types.CoroutineType) or
-            isinstance(instance, types.GeneratorType) and
-            bool(instance.gi_code.co_flags & inspect.CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE) or
-            isinstance(instance, collections.abc.Awaitable))
+    return (isinstance(instance, CoroutineType) or
+            isinstance(instance, GeneratorType) and
+            bool(instance.gi_code.co_flags & CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE) or
+            isinstance(instance, Awaitable))

src/dependency_injector/containers.pyi

@@ -1,23 +1,28 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import (
-    Generic,
-    Type,
-    Dict,
-    List,
-    Tuple,
-    Optional,
     Any,
-    Union,
-    ClassVar,
+    Awaitable,
     Callable as _Callable,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    Generic,
     Iterable,
     Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
     TypeVar,
-    Awaitable,
+    Union,
     overload,
 )
 
-from .providers import Provider, Self, ProviderParent
+try:
+    from typing import Self as _Self
+except ImportError:
+    from typing_extensions import Self as _Self
+
+from .providers import Provider, Resource, Self, ProviderParent
 
 C_Base = TypeVar("C_Base", bound="Container")
 C = TypeVar("C", bound="DeclarativeContainer")
@@ -30,32 +35,34 @@ class WiringConfiguration:
     packages: List[Any]
     from_package: Optional[str]
     auto_wire: bool
+    keep_cache: bool
     def __init__(
         self,
         modules: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None,
         packages: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None,
         from_package: Optional[str] = None,
         auto_wire: bool = True,
+        keep_cache: bool = False,
     ) -> None: ...
 
 class Container:
-    provider_type: Type[Provider] = Provider
-    providers: Dict[str, Provider]
-    dependencies: Dict[str, Provider]
-    overridden: Tuple[Provider]
+    provider_type: Type[Provider[Any]] = Provider
+    providers: Dict[str, Provider[Any]]
+    dependencies: Dict[str, Provider[Any]]
+    overridden: Tuple[Provider[Any], ...]
     wiring_config: WiringConfiguration
     auto_load_config: bool = True
     __self__: Self
     def __init__(self) -> None: ...
-    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Provider: ...
-    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Union[Provider, Any]) -> None: ...
-    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider: ...
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> _Self: ...
+    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Union[Provider[Any], Any]) -> None: ...
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider[Any]: ...
     def __delattr__(self, name: str) -> None: ...
-    def set_providers(self, **providers: Provider): ...
-    def set_provider(self, name: str, provider: Provider) -> None: ...
+    def set_providers(self, **providers: Provider[Any]) -> None: ...
+    def set_provider(self, name: str, provider: Provider[Any]) -> None: ...
     def override(self, overriding: Union[Container, Type[Container]]) -> None: ...
     def override_providers(
-        self, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]
+        self, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider[Any], Any]
     ) -> ProvidersOverridingContext[C_Base]: ...
     def reset_last_overriding(self) -> None: ...
     def reset_override(self) -> None: ...
@@ -67,8 +74,8 @@ class Container:
         from_package: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> None: ...
     def unwire(self) -> None: ...
-    def init_resources(self) -> Optional[Awaitable]: ...
-    def shutdown_resources(self) -> Optional[Awaitable]: ...
+    def init_resources(self, resource_type: Type[Resource[Any]] = Resource) -> Optional[Awaitable[None]]: ...
+    def shutdown_resources(self, resource_type: Type[Resource[Any]] = Resource) -> Optional[Awaitable[None]]: ...
     def load_config(self) -> None: ...
     def apply_container_providers_overridings(self) -> None: ...
     def reset_singletons(self) -> SingletonResetContext[C_Base]: ...
@@ -79,10 +86,10 @@ class Container:
     ) -> None: ...
     def from_json_schema(self, filepath: Union[Path, str]) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def resolve_provider_name(self, provider: Provider) -> str: ...
+    def resolve_provider_name(self, provider: Provider[Any]) -> str: ...
     @classmethod
     @overload
-    def resolve_provider_name(cls, provider: Provider) -> str: ...
+    def resolve_provider_name(cls, provider: Provider[Any]) -> str: ...
     @property
     def parent(self) -> Optional[ProviderParent]: ...
     @property
@@ -97,14 +104,14 @@ class Container:
 class DynamicContainer(Container): ...
 
 class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
-    cls_providers: ClassVar[Dict[str, Provider]]
-    inherited_providers: ClassVar[Dict[str, Provider]]
-    def __init__(self, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]) -> None: ...
+    cls_providers: ClassVar[Dict[str, Provider[Any]]]
+    inherited_providers: ClassVar[Dict[str, Provider[Any]]]
+    def __init__(self, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider[Any], Any]) -> None: ...
     @classmethod
     def override(cls, overriding: Union[Container, Type[Container]]) -> None: ...
     @classmethod
     def override_providers(
-        cls, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]
+        cls, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider[Any], Any]
     ) -> ProvidersOverridingContext[C_Base]: ...
     @classmethod
     def reset_last_overriding(cls) -> None: ...
@@ -113,7 +120,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
 
 class ProvidersOverridingContext(Generic[T]):
     def __init__(
-        self, container: T, overridden_providers: Iterable[Union[Provider, Any]]
+        self, container: T, overridden_providers: Iterable[Union[Provider[Any], Any]]
     ) -> None: ...
     def __enter__(self) -> T: ...
     def __exit__(self, *_: Any) -> None: ...

src/dependency_injector/containers.pyx

@@ -20,14 +20,15 @@ from .wiring import wire, unwire
 class WiringConfiguration:
     """Container wiring configuration."""
 
-    def __init__(self, modules=None, packages=None, from_package=None, auto_wire=True):
+    def __init__(self, modules=None, packages=None, from_package=None, auto_wire=True, keep_cache=False):
         self.modules = [*modules] if modules else []
         self.packages = [*packages] if packages else []
         self.from_package = from_package
         self.auto_wire = auto_wire
+        self.keep_cache = keep_cache
 
     def __deepcopy__(self, memo=None):
-        return self.__class__(self.modules, self.packages, self.from_package, self.auto_wire)
+        return self.__class__(self.modules, self.packages, self.from_package, self.auto_wire, self.keep_cache)
 
 
 class Container:
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         """Check if auto wiring is needed."""
         return self.wiring_config.auto_wire is True
 
-    def wire(self, modules=None, packages=None, from_package=None):
+    def wire(self, modules=None, packages=None, from_package=None, keep_cache=None):
         """Wire container providers with provided packages and modules.
 
         :rtype: None
@@ -289,10 +290,14 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         if not modules and not packages:
             return
 
+        if keep_cache is None:
+            keep_cache = self.wiring_config.keep_cache
+
         wire(
             container=self,
             modules=modules,
             packages=packages,
+            keep_cache=keep_cache,
         )
 
         if modules:
@@ -310,11 +315,15 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         self.wired_to_modules.clear()
         self.wired_to_packages.clear()
 
-    def init_resources(self):
+    def init_resources(self, resource_type=providers.Resource):
         """Initialize all container resources."""
+
+        if not issubclass(resource_type, providers.Resource):
+            raise TypeError("resource_type must be a subclass of Resource provider")
+
         futures = []
 
-        for provider in self.traverse(types=[providers.Resource]):
+        for provider in self.traverse(types=[resource_type]):
             resource = provider.init()
 
             if __is_future_or_coroutine(resource):
@@ -323,8 +332,12 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         if futures:
             return asyncio.gather(*futures)
 
-    def shutdown_resources(self):
+    def shutdown_resources(self, resource_type=providers.Resource):
         """Shutdown all container resources."""
+
+        if not issubclass(resource_type, providers.Resource):
+            raise TypeError("resource_type must be a subclass of Resource provider")
+
         def _independent_resources(resources):
             for resource in resources:
                 for other_resource in resources:
@@ -355,7 +368,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
                 for resource in resources_to_shutdown:
                     resource.shutdown()
 
-        resources = list(self.traverse(types=[providers.Resource]))
+        resources = list(self.traverse(types=[resource_type]))
         if any(resource.is_async_mode_enabled() for resource in resources):
             return _async_ordered_shutdown(resources)
         else:

src/dependency_injector/ext/aiohttp.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import warnings
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
-
 warnings.warn(
     'Module "dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp" is deprecated since '
     'version 4.0.0. Use "dependency_injector.wiring" module instead.',

src/dependency_injector/ext/aiohttp.pyi

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-from typing import Awaitable as _Awaitable
+from typing import Any, Awaitable as _Awaitable, TypeVar
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
-class Application(providers.Singleton): ...
-class Extension(providers.Singleton): ...
-class Middleware(providers.DelegatedCallable): ...
-class MiddlewareFactory(providers.Factory): ...
+T = TypeVar("T")
 
-class View(providers.Callable):
-    def as_view(self) -> _Awaitable: ...
+class Application(providers.Singleton[T]): ...
+class Extension(providers.Singleton[T]): ...
+class Middleware(providers.DelegatedCallable[T]): ...
+class MiddlewareFactory(providers.Factory[T]): ...
 
-class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory):
-    def as_view(self) -> _Awaitable: ...
+class View(providers.Callable[T]):
+    def as_view(self) -> _Awaitable[T]: ...
+
+class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory[T]):
+    def as_view(self) -> _Awaitable[T]: ...

src/dependency_injector/ext/flask.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 """Flask extension module."""
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 import warnings
 
 from flask import request as flask_request
 
-from dependency_injector import providers, errors
-
+from dependency_injector import errors, providers
 
 warnings.warn(
     'Module "dependency_injector.ext.flask" is deprecated since '

src/dependency_injector/ext/flask.pyi

@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
-from typing import Union, Optional, Callable as _Callable, Any
+from typing import Any, Callable as _Callable, Optional, TypeVar, Union
+
+from flask.wrappers import Request
 
-from flask import request as flask_request
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
-request: providers.Object[flask_request]
+request: providers.Object[Request]
+T = TypeVar("T")
 
-class Application(providers.Singleton): ...
-class Extension(providers.Singleton): ...
+class Application(providers.Singleton[T]): ...
+class Extension(providers.Singleton[T]): ...
 
-class View(providers.Callable):
-    def as_view(self) -> _Callable[..., Any]: ...
+class View(providers.Callable[T]):
+    def as_view(self) -> _Callable[..., T]: ...
 
-class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory):
-    def as_view(self, name: str) -> _Callable[..., Any]: ...
+class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory[T]):
+    def as_view(self, name: str) -> _Callable[..., T]: ...
 
 def as_view(
-    provider: Union[View, ClassBasedView], name: Optional[str] = None
-) -> _Callable[..., Any]: ...
+    provider: Union[View[T], ClassBasedView[T]], name: Optional[str] = None
+) -> _Callable[..., T]: ...

src/dependency_injector/ext/starlette.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import sys
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Type
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
     from typing import Self
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ else:  # pragma: no cover
     from typing_extensions import Self
 
 from dependency_injector.containers import Container
+from dependency_injector.providers import Resource
 
 
 class Lifespan:
@@ -29,24 +30,32 @@ class Lifespan:
             app = Factory(Starlette, lifespan=lifespan)
 
     :param container: container instance
+    :param resource_type: A :py:class:`~dependency_injector.resources.Resource`
+        subclass. Limits the resources to be initialized and shutdown.
     """
 
     container: Container
+    resource_type: Type[Resource[Any]]
 
-    def __init__(self, container: Container) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        container: Container,
+        resource_type: Type[Resource[Any]] = Resource,
+    ) -> None:
         self.container = container
+        self.resource_type = resource_type
 
     def __call__(self, app: Any) -> Self:
         return self
 
     async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
-        result = self.container.init_resources()
+        result = self.container.init_resources(self.resource_type)
 
         if result is not None:
             await result
 
     async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None:
-        result = self.container.shutdown_resources()
+        result = self.container.shutdown_resources(self.resource_type)
 
         if result is not None:
             await result

src/dependency_injector/providers.pxd

@@ -697,3 +697,10 @@ cdef inline object __future_result(object instance):
     future_result = asyncio.Future()
     future_result.set_result(instance)
     return future_result
+
+
+cdef class NullAwaitable:
+    pass
+
+
+cdef NullAwaitable NULL_AWAITABLE

src/dependency_injector/providers.pyx

@@ -15,8 +15,11 @@ import re
 import sys
 import threading
 import warnings
+from asyncio import ensure_future
 from configparser import ConfigParser as IniConfigParser
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager, contextmanager
 from contextvars import ContextVar
+from inspect import isasyncgenfunction, isgeneratorfunction
 
 try:
     from inspect import _is_coroutine_mark as _is_coroutine_marker
@@ -3598,6 +3601,17 @@ cdef class Dict(Provider):
         return __provide_keyword_args(kwargs, self._kwargs, self._kwargs_len, self._async_mode)
 
 
+@cython.no_gc
+cdef class NullAwaitable:
+    def __next__(self):
+        raise StopIteration from None
+
+    def __await__(self):
+        return self
+
+
+cdef NullAwaitable NULL_AWAITABLE = NullAwaitable()
+
 
 cdef class Resource(Provider):
     """Resource provider provides a component with initialization and shutdown."""
@@ -3653,6 +3667,12 @@ cdef class Resource(Provider):
     def set_provides(self, provides):
         """Set provider provides."""
         provides = _resolve_string_import(provides)
+
+        if isasyncgenfunction(provides):
+            provides = asynccontextmanager(provides)
+        elif isgeneratorfunction(provides):
+            provides = contextmanager(provides)
+
         self._provides = provides
         return self
 
@@ -3753,28 +3773,21 @@ cdef class Resource(Provider):
         """Shutdown resource."""
         if not self._initialized:
             if self._async_mode == ASYNC_MODE_ENABLED:
-                result = asyncio.Future()
-                result.set_result(None)
-                return result
+                return NULL_AWAITABLE
             return
 
         if self._shutdowner:
-            try:
-                shutdown = self._shutdowner(self._resource)
-            except StopIteration:
-                pass
-            else:
-                if inspect.isawaitable(shutdown):
-                    return self._create_shutdown_future(shutdown)
+            future = self._shutdowner(None, None, None)
+
+            if __is_future_or_coroutine(future):
+                return ensure_future(self._shutdown_async(future))
 
         self._resource = None
         self._initialized = False
         self._shutdowner = None
 
         if self._async_mode == ASYNC_MODE_ENABLED:
-            result = asyncio.Future()
-            result.set_result(None)
-            return result
+            return NULL_AWAITABLE
 
     @property
     def related(self):
@@ -3784,165 +3797,75 @@ cdef class Resource(Provider):
         yield from filter(is_provider, self.kwargs.values())
         yield from super().related
 
+    async def _shutdown_async(self, future) -> None:
+        try:
+            await future
+        finally:
+            self._resource = None
+            self._initialized = False
+            self._shutdowner = None
+
+    async def _handle_async_cm(self, obj) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._resource = resource = await obj.__aenter__()
+            self._shutdowner = obj.__aexit__
+            return resource
+        except:
+            self._initialized = False
+            raise
+
+    async def _provide_async(self, future) -> None:
+        try:
+            obj = await future
+
+            if hasattr(obj, '__aenter__') and hasattr(obj, '__aexit__'):
+                self._resource = await obj.__aenter__()
+                self._shutdowner = obj.__aexit__
+            elif hasattr(obj, '__enter__') and hasattr(obj, '__exit__'):
+                self._resource = obj.__enter__()
+                self._shutdowner = obj.__exit__
+            else:
+                self._resource = obj
+                self._shutdowner = None
+
+            return self._resource
+        except:
+            self._initialized = False
+            raise
+
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs):
         if self._initialized:
             return self._resource
 
-        if self._is_resource_subclass(self._provides):
-            initializer = self._provides()
-            self._resource = __call(
-                initializer.init,
-                args,
-                self._args,
-                self._args_len,
-                kwargs,
-                self._kwargs,
-                self._kwargs_len,
-                self._async_mode,
-            )
-            self._shutdowner = initializer.shutdown
-        elif self._is_async_resource_subclass(self._provides):
-            initializer = self._provides()
-            async_init = __call(
-                initializer.init,
-                args,
-                self._args,
-                self._args_len,
-                kwargs,
-                self._kwargs,
-                self._kwargs_len,
-                self._async_mode,
-            )
+        obj = __call(
+            self._provides,
+            args,
+            self._args,
+            self._args_len,
+            kwargs,
+            self._kwargs,
+            self._kwargs_len,
+            self._async_mode,
+        )
+
+        if __is_future_or_coroutine(obj):
             self._initialized = True
-            return self._create_init_future(async_init, initializer.shutdown)
-        elif inspect.isgeneratorfunction(self._provides):
-            initializer = __call(
-                self._provides,
-                args,
-                self._args,
-                self._args_len,
-                kwargs,
-                self._kwargs,
-                self._kwargs_len,
-                self._async_mode,
-            )
-            self._resource = next(initializer)
-            self._shutdowner = initializer.send
-        elif iscoroutinefunction(self._provides):
-            initializer = __call(
-                self._provides,
-                args,
-                self._args,
-                self._args_len,
-                kwargs,
-                self._kwargs,
-                self._kwargs_len,
-                self._async_mode,
-            )
+            self._resource = resource = ensure_future(self._provide_async(obj))
+            return resource
+        elif hasattr(obj, '__enter__') and hasattr(obj, '__exit__'):
+            self._resource = obj.__enter__()
+            self._shutdowner = obj.__exit__
+        elif hasattr(obj, '__aenter__') and hasattr(obj, '__aexit__'):
             self._initialized = True
-            return self._create_init_future(initializer)
-        elif isasyncgenfunction(self._provides):
-            initializer = __call(
-                self._provides,
-                args,
-                self._args,
-                self._args_len,
-                kwargs,
-                self._kwargs,
-                self._kwargs_len,
-                self._async_mode,
-            )
-            self._initialized = True
-            return self._create_async_gen_init_future(initializer)
-        elif callable(self._provides):
-            self._resource = __call(
-                self._provides,
-                args,
-                self._args,
-                self._args_len,
-                kwargs,
-                self._kwargs,
-                self._kwargs_len,
-                self._async_mode,
-            )
+            self._resource = resource = ensure_future(self._handle_async_cm(obj))
+            return resource
         else:
-            raise Error("Unknown type of resource initializer")
+            self._resource = obj
+            self._shutdowner = None
 
         self._initialized = True
         return self._resource
 
-    def _create_init_future(self, future, shutdowner=None):
-        callback = self._async_init_callback
-        if shutdowner:
-            callback = functools.partial(callback, shutdowner=shutdowner)
-
-        future = asyncio.ensure_future(future)
-        future.add_done_callback(callback)
-        self._resource = future
-
-        return future
-
-    def _create_async_gen_init_future(self, initializer):
-        if inspect.isasyncgen(initializer):
-            return self._create_init_future(initializer.__anext__(), initializer.asend)
-
-        future = asyncio.Future()
-
-        create_initializer = asyncio.ensure_future(initializer)
-        create_initializer.add_done_callback(functools.partial(self._async_create_gen_callback, future))
-        self._resource = future
-
-        return future
-
-    def _async_init_callback(self, initializer, shutdowner=None):
-        try:
-            resource = initializer.result()
-        except Exception:
-            self._initialized = False
-        else:
-            self._resource = resource
-            self._shutdowner = shutdowner
-
-    def _async_create_gen_callback(self, future, initializer_future):
-        initializer = initializer_future.result()
-        init_future = self._create_init_future(initializer.__anext__(), initializer.asend)
-        init_future.add_done_callback(functools.partial(self._async_trigger_result, future))
-
-    def _async_trigger_result(self, future, future_result):
-        future.set_result(future_result.result())
-
-    def _create_shutdown_future(self, shutdown_future):
-        future = asyncio.Future()
-        shutdown_future = asyncio.ensure_future(shutdown_future)
-        shutdown_future.add_done_callback(functools.partial(self._async_shutdown_callback, future))
-        return future
-
-    def _async_shutdown_callback(self, future_result, shutdowner):
-        try:
-            shutdowner.result()
-        except StopAsyncIteration:
-            pass
-
-        self._resource = None
-        self._initialized = False
-        self._shutdowner = None
-
-        future_result.set_result(None)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _is_resource_subclass(instance):
-        if not isinstance(instance, type):
-            return
-        from . import resources
-        return issubclass(instance, resources.Resource)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _is_async_resource_subclass(instance):
-        if not isinstance(instance, type):
-            return
-        from . import resources
-        return issubclass(instance, resources.AsyncResource)
-
 
 cdef class Container(Provider):
     """Container provider provides an instance of declarative container.
@@ -4993,14 +4916,6 @@ def iscoroutinefunction(obj):
         return False
 
 
-def isasyncgenfunction(obj):
-    """Check if object is an asynchronous generator function."""
-    try:
-        return inspect.isasyncgenfunction(obj)
-    except AttributeError:
-        return False
-
-
 def _resolve_string_import(provides):
     if provides is None:
         return provides

src/dependency_injector/resources.py

@@ -1,23 +1,54 @@
 """Resources module."""
 
-import abc
-from typing import TypeVar, Generic, Optional
-
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generic, Optional, Tuple, TypeVar
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
 
 
-class Resource(Generic[T], metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+class Resource(Generic[T], metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    __slots__: ClassVar[Tuple[str, ...]] = ("args", "kwargs", "obj")
 
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def init(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[T]: ...
+    obj: Optional[T]
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.obj = None
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def init(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Optional[T]: ...
 
     def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[T]) -> None: ...
 
+    def __enter__(self) -> Optional[T]:
+        self.obj = obj = self.init(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
+        return obj
 
-class AsyncResource(Generic[T], metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+    def __exit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None:
+        self.shutdown(self.obj)
+        self.obj = None
 
-    @abc.abstractmethod
-    async def init(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[T]: ...
+
+class AsyncResource(Generic[T], metaclass=ABCMeta):
+    __slots__: ClassVar[Tuple[str, ...]] = ("args", "kwargs", "obj")
+
+    obj: Optional[T]
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        self.args = args
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.obj = None
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def init(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Optional[T]: ...
 
     async def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[T]) -> None: ...
+
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Optional[T]:
+        self.obj = obj = await self.init(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
+        return obj
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None:
+        await self.shutdown(self.obj)
+        self.obj = None

src/dependency_injector/wiring.py

@@ -6,15 +6,20 @@ import importlib.machinery
 import inspect
 import pkgutil
 import sys
+from contextlib import suppress
+from inspect import isbuiltin, isclass
 from types import ModuleType
 from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
+    AsyncIterator,
     Callable,
     Dict,
-    Generic,
     Iterable,
     Iterator,
+    List,
     Optional,
+    Protocol,
     Set,
     Tuple,
     Type,
@@ -22,7 +27,19 @@ from typing import (
     Union,
     cast,
 )
+from warnings import warn
 
+try:
+    from typing import Self
+except ImportError:
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
+try:
+    from functools import cache
+except ImportError:
+    from functools import lru_cache
+
+    cache = lru_cache(maxsize=None)
 
 # Hotfix, see: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/362
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
@@ -46,26 +63,48 @@ else:
             return None
 
 
-try:
-    import fastapi.params
-except ImportError:
-    fastapi = None
+MARKER_EXTRACTORS: List[Callable[[Any], Any]] = []
+INSPECT_EXCLUSION_FILTERS: List[Callable[[Any], bool]] = [isbuiltin]
+
+with suppress(ImportError):
+    from fastapi.params import Depends as FastAPIDepends
+
+    def extract_marker_from_fastapi(param: Any) -> Any:
+        if isinstance(param, FastAPIDepends):
+            return param.dependency
+        return None
+
+    MARKER_EXTRACTORS.append(extract_marker_from_fastapi)
+
+with suppress(ImportError):
+    from fast_depends.dependencies import Depends as FastDepends
+
+    def extract_marker_from_fast_depends(param: Any) -> Any:
+        if isinstance(param, FastDepends):
+            return param.dependency
+        return None
+
+    MARKER_EXTRACTORS.append(extract_marker_from_fast_depends)
 
 
-try:
-    import starlette.requests
-except ImportError:
-    starlette = None
+with suppress(ImportError):
+    from starlette.requests import Request as StarletteRequest
+
+    def is_starlette_request_cls(obj: Any) -> bool:
+        return isclass(obj) and _safe_is_subclass(obj, StarletteRequest)
+
+    INSPECT_EXCLUSION_FILTERS.append(is_starlette_request_cls)
 
 
-try:
-    import werkzeug.local
-except ImportError:
-    werkzeug = None
+with suppress(ImportError):
+    from werkzeug.local import LocalProxy as WerkzeugLocalProxy
 
+    def is_werkzeug_local_proxy(obj: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(obj, WerkzeugLocalProxy)
 
-from . import providers
+    INSPECT_EXCLUSION_FILTERS.append(is_werkzeug_local_proxy)
 
+from . import providers  # noqa: E402
 
 __all__ = (
     "wire",
@@ -89,7 +128,15 @@ __all__ = (
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
 F = TypeVar("F", bound=Callable[..., Any])
-Container = Any
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .containers import Container
+else:
+    Container = Any
+
+
+class DIWiringWarning(RuntimeWarning):
+    """Base class for all warnings raised by the wiring module."""
 
 
 class PatchedRegistry:
@@ -373,30 +420,11 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return providers_map
 
 
-class InspectFilter:
-
-    def is_excluded(self, instance: object) -> bool:
-        if self._is_werkzeug_local_proxy(instance):
+def is_excluded_from_inspect(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    for is_excluded in INSPECT_EXCLUSION_FILTERS:
+        if is_excluded(obj):
             return True
-        elif self._is_starlette_request_cls(instance):
-            return True
-        elif self._is_builtin(instance):
-            return True
-        else:
-            return False
-
-    def _is_werkzeug_local_proxy(self, instance: object) -> bool:
-        return werkzeug and isinstance(instance, werkzeug.local.LocalProxy)
-
-    def _is_starlette_request_cls(self, instance: object) -> bool:
-        return (
-            starlette
-            and isinstance(instance, type)
-            and _safe_is_subclass(instance, starlette.requests.Request)
-        )
-
-    def _is_builtin(self, instance: object) -> bool:
-        return inspect.isbuiltin(instance)
+    return False
 
 
 def wire(  # noqa: C901
@@ -404,6 +432,7 @@ def wire(  # noqa: C901
     *,
     modules: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
     packages: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
+    keep_cache: bool = False,
 ) -> None:
     """Wire container providers with provided packages and modules."""
     modules = [*modules] if modules else []
@@ -416,7 +445,7 @@ def wire(  # noqa: C901
 
     for module in modules:
         for member_name, member in _get_members_and_annotated(module):
-            if _inspect_filter.is_excluded(member):
+            if is_excluded_from_inspect(member):
                 continue
 
             if _is_marker(member):
@@ -444,6 +473,9 @@ def wire(  # noqa: C901
         for patched in _patched_registry.get_callables_from_module(module):
             _bind_injections(patched, providers_map)
 
+    if not keep_cache:
+        clear_cache()
+
 
 def unwire(  # noqa: C901
     *,
@@ -478,6 +510,11 @@ def unwire(  # noqa: C901
 def inject(fn: F) -> F:
     """Decorate callable with injecting decorator."""
     reference_injections, reference_closing = _fetch_reference_injections(fn)
+
+    if not reference_injections:
+        warn("@inject is not required here", DIWiringWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        return fn
+
     patched = _get_patched(fn, reference_injections, reference_closing)
     return cast(F, patched)
 
@@ -587,18 +624,18 @@ def _extract_marker(parameter: inspect.Parameter) -> Optional["_Marker"]:
     else:
         marker = parameter.default
 
-    if not isinstance(marker, _Marker) and not _is_fastapi_depends(marker):
+    for marker_extractor in MARKER_EXTRACTORS:
+        if _marker := marker_extractor(marker):
+            marker = _marker
+            break
+
+    if not isinstance(marker, _Marker):
         return None
 
-    if _is_fastapi_depends(marker):
-        marker = marker.dependency
-
-        if not isinstance(marker, _Marker):
-            return None
-
     return marker
 
 
+@cache
 def _fetch_reference_injections(  # noqa: C901
     fn: Callable[..., Any],
 ) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]:
@@ -703,6 +740,8 @@ def _get_patched(
 
     if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(fn):
         patched = _get_async_patched(fn, patched_object)
+    elif inspect.isasyncgenfunction(fn):
+        patched = _get_async_gen_patched(fn, patched_object)
     else:
         patched = _get_sync_patched(fn, patched_object)
 
@@ -712,10 +751,6 @@ def _get_patched(
     return patched
 
 
-def _is_fastapi_depends(param: Any) -> bool:
-    return fastapi and isinstance(param, fastapi.params.Depends)
-
-
 def _is_patched(fn) -> bool:
     return _patched_registry.has_callable(fn)
 
@@ -777,15 +812,15 @@ class RequiredModifier(Modifier):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.type_modifier = None
 
-    def as_int(self) -> "RequiredModifier":
+    def as_int(self) -> Self:
         self.type_modifier = TypeModifier(int)
         return self
 
-    def as_float(self) -> "RequiredModifier":
+    def as_float(self) -> Self:
         self.type_modifier = TypeModifier(float)
         return self
 
-    def as_(self, type_: Type) -> "RequiredModifier":
+    def as_(self, type_: Type) -> Self:
         self.type_modifier = TypeModifier(type_)
         return self
 
@@ -833,15 +868,15 @@ class ProvidedInstance(Modifier):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.segments = []
 
-    def __getattr__(self, item):
+    def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Self:
         self.segments.append((self.TYPE_ATTRIBUTE, item))
         return self
 
-    def __getitem__(self, item):
+    def __getitem__(self, item) -> Self:
         self.segments.append((self.TYPE_ITEM, item))
         return self
 
-    def call(self):
+    def call(self) -> Self:
         self.segments.append((self.TYPE_CALL, None))
         return self
 
@@ -866,36 +901,56 @@ def provided() -> ProvidedInstance:
     return ProvidedInstance()
 
 
-class _Marker(Generic[T]):
-
-    __IS_MARKER__ = True
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        provider: Union[providers.Provider, Container, str],
-        modifier: Optional[Modifier] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        if _is_declarative_container(provider):
-            provider = provider.__self__
-        self.provider = provider
-        self.modifier = modifier
-
-    def __class_getitem__(cls, item) -> T:
-        if isinstance(item, tuple):
-            return cls(*item)
-        return cls(item)
-
-    def __call__(self) -> T:
-        return self
+MarkerItem = Union[
+    str,
+    providers.Provider[Any],
+    Tuple[str, TypeModifier],
+    Type[Container],
+    "_Marker",
+]
 
 
-class Provide(_Marker): ...
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
+    class _Marker(Protocol):
+        __IS_MARKER__: bool
 
-class Provider(_Marker): ...
+        def __call__(self) -> Self: ...
+        def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Self: ...
+        def __getitem__(self, item: Any) -> Any: ...
 
+    Provide: _Marker
+    Provider: _Marker
+    Closing: _Marker
+else:
 
-class Closing(_Marker): ...
+    class _Marker:
+
+        __IS_MARKER__ = True
+
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            provider: Union[providers.Provider, Container, str],
+            modifier: Optional[Modifier] = None,
+        ) -> None:
+            if _is_declarative_container(provider):
+                provider = provider.__self__
+            self.provider = provider
+            self.modifier = modifier
+
+        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: MarkerItem) -> Self:
+            if isinstance(item, tuple):
+                return cls(*item)
+            return cls(item)
+
+        def __call__(self) -> Self:
+            return self
+
+    class Provide(_Marker): ...
+
+    class Provider(_Marker): ...
+
+    class Closing(_Marker): ...
 
 
 class AutoLoader:
@@ -994,47 +1049,55 @@ def is_loader_installed() -> bool:
 
 
 _patched_registry = PatchedRegistry()
-_inspect_filter = InspectFilter()
 _loader = AutoLoader()
 
 # Optimizations
-from ._cwiring import _sync_inject  # noqa
-from ._cwiring import _async_inject  # noqa
+from ._cwiring import DependencyResolver  # noqa: E402
 
 
 # Wiring uses the following Python wrapper because there is
 # no possibility to compile a first-type citizen coroutine in Cython.
 def _get_async_patched(fn: F, patched: PatchedCallable) -> F:
     @functools.wraps(fn)
-    async def _patched(*args, **kwargs):
-        return await _async_inject(
-            fn,
-            args,
-            kwargs,
-            patched.injections,
-            patched.closing,
-        )
+    async def _patched(*args: Any, **raw_kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        resolver = DependencyResolver(raw_kwargs, patched.injections, patched.closing)
+
+        async with resolver as kwargs:
+            return await fn(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return cast(F, _patched)
+
+
+def _get_async_gen_patched(fn: F, patched: PatchedCallable) -> F:
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    async def _patched(*args: Any, **raw_kwargs: Any) -> AsyncIterator[Any]:
+        resolver = DependencyResolver(raw_kwargs, patched.injections, patched.closing)
+
+        async with resolver as kwargs:
+            async for obj in fn(*args, **kwargs):
+                yield obj
 
     return cast(F, _patched)
 
 
 def _get_sync_patched(fn: F, patched: PatchedCallable) -> F:
     @functools.wraps(fn)
-    def _patched(*args, **kwargs):
-        return _sync_inject(
-            fn,
-            args,
-            kwargs,
-            patched.injections,
-            patched.closing,
-        )
+    def _patched(*args: Any, **raw_kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        resolver = DependencyResolver(raw_kwargs, patched.injections, patched.closing)
+
+        with resolver as kwargs:
+            return fn(*args, **kwargs)
+
     return cast(F, _patched)
 
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+
     def _get_annotations(obj: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         return inspect.get_annotations(obj)
+
 else:
+
     def _get_annotations(obj: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         return getattr(obj, "__annotations__", {})
 
@@ -1049,3 +1112,8 @@ def _get_members_and_annotated(obj: Any) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, Any]]:
                 member = args[1]
                 members.append((annotation_name, member))
     return members
+
+
+def clear_cache() -> None:
+    """Clear all caches used by :func:`wire`."""
+    _fetch_reference_injections.cache_clear()

tests/typing/aggregate.py

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 
-class Animal:
-    ...
+class Animal: ...
 
 
-class Cat(Animal):
-    ...
+class Cat(Animal): ...
 
 
 # Test 1: to check Aggregate provider
@@ -20,13 +18,19 @@ val1: str = provider1("a")
 
 provider1_set_non_string_keys: providers.Aggregate[str] = providers.Aggregate()
 provider1_set_non_string_keys.set_providers({Cat: providers.Object("str")})
-provider_set_non_string_1: providers.Provider[str] = provider1_set_non_string_keys.providers[Cat]
+provider_set_non_string_1: providers.Provider[str] = (
+    provider1_set_non_string_keys.providers[Cat]
+)
 
 provider1_new_non_string_keys: providers.Aggregate[str] = providers.Aggregate(
     {Cat: providers.Object("str")},
 )
-factory_new_non_string_1: providers.Provider[str] = provider1_new_non_string_keys.providers[Cat]
+factory_new_non_string_1: providers.Provider[str] = (
+    provider1_new_non_string_keys.providers[Cat]
+)
 
 provider1_no_explicit_typing = providers.Aggregate(a=providers.Object("str"))
-provider1_no_explicit_typing_factory: providers.Provider[str] = provider1_no_explicit_typing.providers["a"]
+provider1_no_explicit_typing_factory: providers.Provider[str] = (
+    provider1_no_explicit_typing.providers["a"]
+)
 provider1_no_explicit_typing_object: str = provider1_no_explicit_typing("a")

tests/typing/callable.py

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-from typing import Callable, Optional, Tuple, Any, Dict, Type
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Type
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 
-class Animal:
-    ...
+class Animal: ...
 
 
 class Cat(Animal):
@@ -53,10 +52,13 @@ provider8 = providers.CallableDelegate(providers.Callable(lambda: None))
 
 # Test 9: to check the return type with await
 provider9 = providers.Callable(Cat)
+
+
 async def _async9() -> None:
     animal1: Animal = await provider9(1, 2, 3, b="1", c=2, e=0.0)  # type: ignore
     animal2: Animal = await provider9.async_(1, 2, 3, b="1", c=2, e=0.0)
 
+
 # Test 10: to check the .provides
 provider10 = providers.Callable(Cat)
 provides10: Optional[Callable[..., Cat]] = provider10.provides
@@ -68,5 +70,5 @@ provides11: Optional[Callable[..., Animal]] = provider11.provides
 assert provides11 is Cat
 
 # Test 12: to check string imports
-provider12: providers.Callable[dict] = providers.Callable("builtins.dict")
+provider12: providers.Callable[Dict[Any, Any]] = providers.Callable("builtins.dict")
 provider12.set_provides("builtins.dict")

tests/typing/configuration.py

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Dict
 
-from dependency_injector import providers
 from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings as PydanticSettings
 
+from dependency_injector import providers
 
 # Test 1: to check the getattr
 config1: providers.Configuration = providers.Configuration()
-provider1: providers.Provider[dict] = providers.Factory(dict, a=config1.a)
+provider1: providers.Provider[Dict[str, Any]] = providers.Factory(dict, a=config1.a)
 
 # Test 2: to check the from_*() method
 config2 = providers.Configuration()
@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ config5_pydantic = providers.Configuration(
     pydantic_settings=[PydanticSettings()],
 )
 config5_pydantic.set_pydantic_settings([PydanticSettings()])
-config5_pydantic_settings: list[PydanticSettings] = config5_pydantic.get_pydantic_settings()
+config5_pydantic_settings: list[PydanticSettings] = (
+    config5_pydantic.get_pydantic_settings()
+)
 
 # Test 6: to check init arguments
 config6 = providers.Configuration(

tests/typing/container.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 
-class Container:
-    ...
+class Container: ...
 
 
 # Test 1: to check the return type
@@ -11,4 +12,4 @@ var1: Container = provider1()
 
 # Test 2: to check the getattr
 provider2 = providers.Container(Container)
-attr: providers.Provider = provider2.attr
+attr: providers.Provider[Any] = provider2.attr

tests/typing/coroutine.py

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-from typing import Coroutine
+from typing import Awaitable, Coroutine
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 
-async def _coro() -> None:
-    ...
+async def _coro() -> None: ...
+
 
 # Test 1: to check the return type
 provider1 = providers.Coroutine(_coro)
-var1: Coroutine = provider1()
+var1: Awaitable[None] = provider1()
 
 # Test 2: to check string imports
 provider2: providers.Coroutine[None] = providers.Coroutine("_coro")

tests/typing/declarative_container.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Dict
+from typing import Any, Dict
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class Container1(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
 
 container1 = Container1()
 container1_type: containers.Container = Container1()
-provider1: providers.Provider = container1.provider
+provider1: providers.Provider[int] = container1.provider
 val1: int = container1.provider(3)
 
 
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ class Container21(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
 
 
 @containers.override(Container21)
-class Container22(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-    ...
+class Container22(containers.DeclarativeContainer): ...
 
 
 # Test 3: to check @copy decorator
@@ -30,14 +29,14 @@ class Container31(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
 
 
 @containers.copy(Container31)
-class Container32(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-    ...
+class Container32(containers.DeclarativeContainer): ...
 
 
 # Test 4: to override()
 class Container4(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
     provider = providers.Factory(int)
 
+
 container4 = Container4()
 container4.override(Container4())
 
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ class Container5(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
     provider = providers.Factory(int)
 
 
-dependencies: Dict[str, providers.Provider] = Container5.dependencies
+dependencies: Dict[str, providers.Provider[Any]] = Container5.dependencies
 
 
 # Test 6: to check base class
@@ -62,6 +61,7 @@ container6: containers.Container = Container6()
 class Container7(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
     provider = providers.Factory(str)
 
+
 container7 = Container7()
 container7.override_providers(provider="new_value")
 with container7.override_providers(a=providers.Provider()):

tests/typing/delegate.py

@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 # Test 1: to check the return type
 provider1 = providers.Delegate(providers.Provider())
-var1: providers.Provider = provider1()
+var1: providers.Provider[Any] = provider1()
 
 # Test 2: to check the return type with await
 provider2 = providers.Delegate(providers.Provider())
+
+
 async def _async2() -> None:
-    var1: providers.Provider = await provider2()  # type: ignore
-    var2: providers.Provider = await provider2.async_()
+    var1: providers.Provider[Any] = await provider2()  # type: ignore
+    var2: providers.Provider[Any] = await provider2.async_()
+
 
 # Test 3: to check class type from provider
 provider3 = providers.Delegate(providers.Provider())
-provided_provides: Optional[providers.Provider] = provider3.provides
+provided_provides: Optional[providers.Provider[Any]] = provider3.provides

tests/typing/dependencies_container.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-from dependency_injector import providers
+from typing import Any
 
+from dependency_injector import providers
 
 # Test 1: to check the getattr type
 provider1 = providers.DependenciesContainer(
     a=providers.Provider(),
     b=providers.Provider(),
 )
-a1: providers.Provider = provider1.a
-b1: providers.Provider = provider1.b
+a1: providers.Provider[Any] = provider1.a
+b1: providers.Provider[Any] = provider1.b
 c1: providers.ProvidedInstance = provider1.c.provided

tests/typing/dependency.py

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-from typing import Type
+from typing import Any, Type
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 
-class Animal:
-    ...
+class Animal: ...
 
 
 class Cat(Animal):
 
-    def __init__(self, *_, **__): ...
+    def __init__(self, *a: Any, **kw: Any) -> None: ...
 
 
 # Test 1: to check the return type
@@ -23,6 +22,8 @@ var2: Type[Animal] = provider2.instance_of
 
 # Test 3: to check the return type with await
 provider3 = providers.Dependency(instance_of=Animal)
+
+
 async def _async3() -> None:
     var1: Animal = await provider3()  # type: ignore
     var2: Animal = await provider3.async_()

tests/typing/dict.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from typing import Any, Dict
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
-
 # Test 1: to check the return type (class)
 provider1 = providers.Dict(
     a1=providers.Factory(object),
@@ -17,7 +16,9 @@ var2: Dict[Any, Any] = provider2()
 
 
 # Test 3: to check init with non-string keys
-provider3 = providers.Dict({object(): providers.Factory(object)}, a2=providers.Factory(object))
+provider3 = providers.Dict(
+    {object(): providers.Factory(object)}, a2=providers.Factory(object)
+)
 var3: Dict[Any, Any] = provider3()
 
 
@@ -42,6 +43,8 @@ provider6 = providers.Dict(
     a1=providers.Factory(object),
     a2=providers.Factory(object),
 )
+
+
 async def _async3() -> None:
     var1: Dict[Any, Any] = await provider6()  # type: ignore
     var2: Dict[Any, Any] = await provider6.async_()

tests/typing/dynamic_container.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-from typing import Dict
+from typing import Any, Dict
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 
-
 # Test 1: to check setattr
 container1 = containers.DynamicContainer()
 container1.abc = providers.Provider()
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ container4.set_providers(a=providers.Provider())
 
 # Test 5: to check .dependencies attribute
 container5 = containers.DynamicContainer()
-dependencies: Dict[str, providers.Provider] = container5.dependencies
+dependencies: Dict[str, providers.Provider[Any]] = container5.dependencies
 
 # Test 6: to check base class
 container6: containers.Container = containers.DynamicContainer()

tests/typing/factory.py

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-from typing import Callable, Optional, Tuple, Any, Dict, Type
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Type
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 
-class Animal:
-    ...
+class Animal: ...
 
 
 class Cat(Animal):
 
-    def __init__(self, *_, **__): ...
+    def __init__(self, *a: Any, **kw: Any) -> None: ...
 
     @classmethod
     def create(cls) -> Animal:
@@ -63,17 +62,29 @@ factory_a_9: providers.Factory[str] = provider9.a
 factory_b_9: providers.Factory[str] = provider9.b
 val9: str = provider9("a")
 
-provider9_set_non_string_keys: providers.FactoryAggregate[str] = providers.FactoryAggregate()
-provider9_set_non_string_keys.set_factories({Cat: providers.Factory(str, "str")})
-factory_set_non_string_9: providers.Factory[str] = provider9_set_non_string_keys.factories[Cat]
-
-provider9_new_non_string_keys: providers.FactoryAggregate[str] = providers.FactoryAggregate(
-    {Cat: providers.Factory(str, "str")},
+provider9_set_non_string_keys: providers.FactoryAggregate[str] = (
+    providers.FactoryAggregate()
+)
+provider9_set_non_string_keys.set_factories({Cat: providers.Factory(str, "str")})
+factory_set_non_string_9: providers.Factory[str] = (
+    provider9_set_non_string_keys.factories[Cat]
 )
-factory_new_non_string_9: providers.Factory[str] = provider9_new_non_string_keys.factories[Cat]
 
-provider9_no_explicit_typing = providers.FactoryAggregate(a=providers.Factory(str, "str"))
-provider9_no_explicit_typing_factory: providers.Factory[str] = provider9_no_explicit_typing.factories["a"]
+provider9_new_non_string_keys: providers.FactoryAggregate[str] = (
+    providers.FactoryAggregate(
+        {Cat: providers.Factory(str, "str")},
+    )
+)
+factory_new_non_string_9: providers.Factory[str] = (
+    provider9_new_non_string_keys.factories[Cat]
+)
+
+provider9_no_explicit_typing = providers.FactoryAggregate(
+    a=providers.Factory(str, "str")
+)
+provider9_no_explicit_typing_factory: providers.Factory[str] = (
+    provider9_no_explicit_typing.factories["a"]
+)
 provider9_no_explicit_typing_object: str = provider9_no_explicit_typing("a")
 
 # Test 10: to check the explicit typing
@@ -82,10 +93,13 @@ animal10: Animal = factory10()
 
 # Test 11: to check the return type with await
 provider11 = providers.Factory(Cat)
+
+
 async def _async11() -> None:
     animal1: Animal = await provider11(1, 2, 3, b="1", c=2, e=0.0)  # type: ignore
     animal2: Animal = await provider11.async_(1, 2, 3, b="1", c=2, e=0.0)
 
+
 # Test 12: to check class type from .provides
 provider12 = providers.Factory(Cat)
 provided_cls12: Type[Animal] = provider12.cls
@@ -101,5 +115,5 @@ provided_provides13: Optional[Callable[..., Animal]] = provider13.provides
 assert provided_provides13 is not None and provided_provides13() == Cat()
 
 # Test 14: to check string imports
-provider14: providers.Factory[dict] = providers.Factory("builtins.dict")
+provider14: providers.Factory[Dict[Any, Any]] = providers.Factory("builtins.dict")
 provider14.set_provides("builtins.dict")

tests/typing/list.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-from typing import Tuple, Any, List
+from typing import Any, List, Tuple
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
-
 # Test 1: to check the return type (class)
 provider1 = providers.List(
     providers.Factory(object),
@@ -33,6 +32,8 @@ provider4 = providers.List(
     providers.Factory(object),
     providers.Factory(object),
 )
+
+
 async def _async4() -> None:
     var1: List[Any] = await provider4()  # type: ignore
     var2: List[Any] = await provider4.async_()

tests/typing/object.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-from typing import Type, Optional
+from typing import Optional, Type
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
-
 # Test 1: to check the return type
 provider1 = providers.Object(int(3))
 var1: int = provider1()
@@ -16,10 +15,13 @@ method_caller2: providers.MethodCaller = provider2.provided.method.call(123, arg
 
 # Test 3: to check the return type with await
 provider3 = providers.Object(int(3))
+
+
 async def _async3() -> None:
     var1: int = await provider3()  # type: ignore
     var2: int = await provider3.async_()
 
+
 # Test 4: to check class type from provider
 provider4 = providers.Object(int("1"))
 provided_provides: Optional[int] = provider4.provides

tests/typing/provider.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-from dependency_injector import providers
+from typing import Any
 
+from dependency_injector import providers
 
 # Test 1: to check .provided attribute
 provider1: providers.Provider[int] = providers.Object(1)
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ provided: int = provider1.provided()
 provider1_delegate: providers.Provider[int] = provider1.provider
 
 # Test 2: to check async mode API
-provider2: providers.Provider = providers.Provider()
+provider2: providers.Provider[Any] = providers.Provider()
 provider2.enable_async_mode()
 provider2.disable_async_mode()
 provider2.reset_async_mode()

tests/typing/resource.py

@@ -1,4 +1,13 @@
-from typing import List, Iterator, Generator, AsyncIterator, AsyncGenerator, Optional
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    AsyncIterator,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    Iterator,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+)
 
 from dependency_injector import providers, resources
 
@@ -32,11 +41,10 @@ var3: List[int] = provider3()
 
 # Test 4: to check the return type with resource subclass
 class MyResource4(resources.Resource[List[int]]):
-    def init(self, *args, **kwargs) -> List[int]:
+    def init(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> List[int]:
         return []
 
-    def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[List[int]]) -> None:
-        ...
+    def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[List[int]]) -> None: ...
 
 
 provider4 = providers.Resource(MyResource4)
@@ -84,11 +92,10 @@ async def _provide7() -> None:
 
 # Test 8: to check the return type with async resource subclass
 class MyResource8(resources.AsyncResource[List[int]]):
-    async def init(self, *args, **kwargs) -> List[int]:
+    async def init(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> List[int]:
         return []
 
-    async def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[List[int]]) -> None:
-        ...
+    async def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[List[int]]) -> None: ...
 
 
 provider8 = providers.Resource(MyResource8)
@@ -100,5 +107,5 @@ async def _provide8() -> None:
 
 
 # Test 9: to check string imports
-provider9: providers.Resource[dict] = providers.Resource("builtins.dict")
+provider9: providers.Resource[Dict[Any, Any]] = providers.Resource("builtins.dict")
 provider9.set_provides("builtins.dict")

tests/typing/selector.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
-
 # Test 1: to check the return type
 provider1 = providers.Selector(
     lambda: "a",
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ provider3 = providers.Selector(
     a=providers.Factory(object),
     b=providers.Factory(object),
 )
-attr3: providers.Provider = provider3.a
+attr3: providers.Provider[Any] = provider3.a
 
 # Test 4: to check the return type with await
 provider4 = providers.Selector(
@@ -36,6 +35,8 @@ provider4 = providers.Selector(
     a=providers.Factory(object),
     b=providers.Factory(object),
 )
+
+
 async def _async4() -> None:
-    var1: Any = await provider4()  # type: ignore
+    var1: Any = await provider4()
     var2: Any = await provider4.async_()

tests/typing/singleton.py

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-from typing import Callable, Optional, Tuple, Any, Dict, Type
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Type
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 
-class Animal:
-    ...
+class Animal: ...
 
 
 class Cat(Animal):
 
-    def __init__(self, *_, **__): ...
+    def __init__(self, *a: Any, **kw: Any) -> None: ...
 
     @classmethod
     def create(cls) -> Animal:
@@ -72,10 +71,13 @@ provider12 = providers.SingletonDelegate(providers.Singleton(object))
 
 # Test 13: to check the return type with await
 provider13 = providers.Singleton(Cat)
+
+
 async def _async13() -> None:
     animal1: Animal = await provider13(1, 2, 3, b="1", c=2, e=0.0)  # type: ignore
     animal2: Animal = await provider13.async_(1, 2, 3, b="1", c=2, e=0.0)
 
+
 # Test 14: to check class from .provides
 provider14 = providers.Singleton(Cat)
 provided_cls14: Type[Cat] = provider14.cls
@@ -91,5 +93,5 @@ provided_provides15: Optional[Callable[..., Animal]] = provider15.provides
 assert provided_provides15 is not None and provided_provides15() == Cat()
 
 # Test 16: to check string imports
-provider16: providers.Singleton[dict] = providers.Singleton("builtins.dict")
+provider16: providers.Singleton[Dict[Any, Any]] = providers.Singleton("builtins.dict")
 provider16.set_provides("builtins.dict")

tests/typing/wiring.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from typing import Iterator
+
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+from dependency_injector.containers import DeclarativeContainer
+from dependency_injector.providers import Object, Resource
+from dependency_injector.wiring import Closing, Provide, required
+
+
+def _resource() -> Iterator[int]:
+    yield 1
+
+
+class Container(DeclarativeContainer):
+    value = Object(1)
+    res = Resource(_resource)
+
+
+def default_by_ref(value: int = Provide[Container.value]) -> None: ...
+def default_by_string(value: int = Provide["value"]) -> None: ...
+def default_by_string_with_modifier(
+    value: int = Provide["value", required().as_int()]
+) -> None: ...
+def default_container(container: Container = Provide[Container]) -> None: ...
+def default_with_closing(value: int = Closing[Provide[Container.res]]) -> None: ...
+def annotated_by_ref(value: Annotated[int, Provide[Container.value]]) -> None: ...
+def annotated_by_string(value: Annotated[int, Provide["value"]]) -> None: ...
+def annotated_by_string_with_modifier(
+    value: Annotated[int, Provide["value", required().as_int()]],
+) -> None: ...
+def annotated_container(
+    container: Annotated[Container, Provide[Container]],
+) -> None: ...
+def annotated_with_closing(
+    value: Annotated[int, Closing[Provide[Container.res]]],
+) -> None: ...

tests/unit/containers/instance/test_async_resources_py36.py

@@ -145,3 +145,121 @@ async def test_shutdown_sync_and_async_ordering():
     await container.shutdown_resources()
     assert initialized_resources == ["r1", "r2", "r3", "r1", "r2", "r3"]
     assert shutdown_resources == ["r3", "r2", "r1", "r3", "r2", "r1"]
+
+
+@mark.asyncio
+async def test_init_and_shutdown_scoped_resources():
+    initialized_resources = []
+    shutdown_resources = []
+
+    def _sync_resource(name, **_):
+        initialized_resources.append(name)
+        yield name
+        shutdown_resources.append(name)
+
+    async def _async_resource(name, **_):
+        initialized_resources.append(name)
+        yield name
+        shutdown_resources.append(name)
+
+
+    class ResourceA(providers.Resource):
+        pass
+
+
+    class ResourceB(providers.Resource):
+        pass
+
+
+    class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+        resource_a = ResourceA(
+            _sync_resource,
+            name="ra1",
+        )
+        resource_b1 = ResourceB(
+            _sync_resource,
+            name="rb1",
+            r1=resource_a,
+        )
+        resource_b2 = ResourceB(
+            _async_resource,
+            name="rb2",
+            r2=resource_b1,
+        )
+
+    container = Container()
+
+    container.init_resources(resource_type=ResourceA)
+    assert initialized_resources == ["ra1"]
+    assert shutdown_resources == []
+
+    container.shutdown_resources(resource_type=ResourceA)
+    assert initialized_resources == ["ra1"]
+    assert shutdown_resources == ["ra1"]
+
+    await container.init_resources(resource_type=ResourceB)
+    assert initialized_resources == ["ra1", "ra1", "rb1", "rb2"]
+    assert shutdown_resources == ["ra1"]
+
+    await container.shutdown_resources(resource_type=ResourceB)
+    assert initialized_resources == ["ra1", "ra1", "rb1", "rb2"]
+    assert shutdown_resources == ["ra1", "rb2", "rb1"]
+
+
+@mark.asyncio
+async def test_init_and_shutdown_all_scoped_resources_using_default_value():
+    initialized_resources = []
+    shutdown_resources = []
+
+    def _sync_resource(name, **_):
+        initialized_resources.append(name)
+        yield name
+        shutdown_resources.append(name)
+
+    async def _async_resource(name, **_):
+        initialized_resources.append(name)
+        yield name
+        shutdown_resources.append(name)
+
+
+    class ResourceA(providers.Resource):
+        pass
+
+
+    class ResourceB(providers.Resource):
+        pass
+
+
+    class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+        resource_a = ResourceA(
+            _sync_resource,
+            name="r1",
+        )
+        resource_b1 = ResourceB(
+            _sync_resource,
+            name="r2",
+            r1=resource_a,
+        )
+        resource_b2 = ResourceB(
+            _async_resource,
+            name="r3",
+            r2=resource_b1,
+        )
+
+    container = Container()
+
+    await container.init_resources()
+    assert initialized_resources == ["r1", "r2", "r3"]
+    assert shutdown_resources == []
+
+    await container.shutdown_resources()
+    assert initialized_resources == ["r1", "r2", "r3"]
+    assert shutdown_resources == ["r3", "r2", "r1"]
+
+    await container.init_resources()
+    assert initialized_resources == ["r1", "r2", "r3", "r1", "r2", "r3"]
+    assert shutdown_resources == ["r3", "r2", "r1"]
+
+    await container.shutdown_resources()
+    assert initialized_resources == ["r1", "r2", "r3", "r1", "r2", "r3"]
+    assert shutdown_resources == ["r3", "r2", "r1", "r3", "r2", "r1"]

tests/unit/containers/instance/test_main_py2_py3.py

@@ -325,6 +325,19 @@ def test_init_shutdown_nested_resources():
     assert _init2.shutdown_counter == 2
 
 
+def test_init_shutdown_resources_wrong_type() -> None:
+    class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+        pass
+
+    c = Container()
+
+    with raises(TypeError, match=r"resource_type must be a subclass of Resource provider"):
+        c.init_resources(int)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    with raises(TypeError, match=r"resource_type must be a subclass of Resource provider"):
+        c.shutdown_resources(int)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+
 def test_reset_singletons():
     class SubSubContainer(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
         singleton = providers.Singleton(object)

tests/unit/ext/test_starlette.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import AsyncIterator, Iterator
+from typing import AsyncIterator, Iterator, TypeVar
 from unittest.mock import ANY
 
 from pytest import mark
@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@ from dependency_injector.containers import DeclarativeContainer
 from dependency_injector.ext.starlette import Lifespan
 from dependency_injector.providers import Resource
 
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class XResource(Resource[T]):
+    """A test provider"""
+
 
 class TestLifespan:
     @mark.parametrize("sync", [False, True])
@@ -28,11 +34,15 @@ class TestLifespan:
             yield
             shutdown = True
 
+        def nope():
+            assert False, "should not be called"
+
         class Container(DeclarativeContainer):
-            x = Resource(sync_resource if sync else async_resource)
+            x = XResource(sync_resource if sync else async_resource)
+            y = Resource(nope)
 
         container = Container()
-        lifespan = Lifespan(container)
+        lifespan = Lifespan(container, resource_type=XResource)
 
         async with lifespan(ANY) as scope:
             assert scope is None

tests/unit/providers/resource/test_async_resource_py35.py

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 
 import asyncio
 import inspect
-import sys
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 from typing import Any
 
-from dependency_injector import containers, providers, resources
 from pytest import mark, raises
 
+from dependency_injector import containers, providers, resources
+
 
 @mark.asyncio
 async def test_init_async_function():
@@ -70,6 +71,46 @@ async def test_init_async_generator():
     assert _init.shutdown_counter == 2
 
 
+@mark.asyncio
+async def test_init_async_context_manager() -> None:
+    resource = object()
+
+    init_counter = 0
+    shutdown_counter = 0
+
+    @asynccontextmanager
+    async def _init():
+        nonlocal init_counter, shutdown_counter
+
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.001)
+        init_counter += 1
+
+        yield resource
+
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.001)
+        shutdown_counter += 1
+
+    provider = providers.Resource(_init)
+
+    result1 = await provider()
+    assert result1 is resource
+    assert init_counter == 1
+    assert shutdown_counter == 0
+
+    await provider.shutdown()
+    assert init_counter == 1
+    assert shutdown_counter == 1
+
+    result2 = await provider()
+    assert result2 is resource
+    assert init_counter == 2
+    assert shutdown_counter == 1
+
+    await provider.shutdown()
+    assert init_counter == 2
+    assert shutdown_counter == 2
+
+
 @mark.asyncio
 async def test_init_async_class():
     resource = object()

tests/unit/providers/resource/test_resource_py35.py

@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 
 import decimal
 import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 from typing import Any
 
-from dependency_injector import containers, providers, resources, errors
-from pytest import raises, mark
+from pytest import mark, raises
+
+from dependency_injector import containers, errors, providers, resources
 
 
 def init_fn(*args, **kwargs):
@@ -123,6 +125,41 @@ def test_init_generator():
     assert _init.shutdown_counter == 2
 
 
+def test_init_context_manager() -> None:
+    init_counter, shutdown_counter = 0, 0
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def _init():
+        nonlocal init_counter, shutdown_counter
+
+        init_counter += 1
+        yield
+        shutdown_counter += 1
+
+    init_counter = 0
+    shutdown_counter = 0
+
+    provider = providers.Resource(_init)
+
+    result1 = provider()
+    assert result1 is None
+    assert init_counter == 1
+    assert shutdown_counter == 0
+
+    provider.shutdown()
+    assert init_counter == 1
+    assert shutdown_counter == 1
+
+    result2 = provider()
+    assert result2 is None
+    assert init_counter == 2
+    assert shutdown_counter == 1
+
+    provider.shutdown()
+    assert init_counter == 2
+    assert shutdown_counter == 2
+
+
 def test_init_class():
     class TestResource(resources.Resource):
         init_counter = 0
@@ -190,7 +227,7 @@ def test_init_class_abc_shutdown_definition_is_not_required():
 
 def test_init_not_callable():
     provider = providers.Resource(1)
-    with raises(errors.Error):
+    with raises(TypeError, match=r"object is not callable"):
         provider.init()
 
 

tests/unit/samples/wiring/asyncinjections.py

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import asyncio
 
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide, Closing
+from dependency_injector.wiring import Closing, Provide, inject
 
 
 class TestResource:
@@ -42,6 +44,15 @@ async def async_injection(
     return resource1, resource2
 
 
+@inject
+async def async_generator_injection(
+        resource1: object = Provide[Container.resource1],
+        resource2: object = Closing[Provide[Container.resource2]],
+):
+    yield resource1
+    yield resource2
+
+
 @inject
 async def async_injection_with_closing(
         resource1: object = Closing[Provide[Container.resource1]],

tests/unit/samples/wiringfastdepends/sample.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import sys
+
+from fast_depends import Depends
+from typing_extensions import Annotated
+
+from dependency_injector import containers, providers
+from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
+
+
+class CoefficientService:
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_coefficient() -> float:
+        return 1.2
+
+
+class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+    service = providers.Factory(CoefficientService)
+
+
+@inject
+def apply_coefficient(
+    a: int,
+    coefficient_provider: CoefficientService = Depends(Provide[Container.service]),
+) -> float:
+    return a * coefficient_provider.get_coefficient()
+
+
+@inject
+def apply_coefficient_annotated(
+    a: int,
+    coefficient_provider: Annotated[
+        CoefficientService, Depends(Provide[Container.service])
+    ],
+) -> float:
+    return a * coefficient_provider.get_coefficient()
+
+
+container = Container()
+container.wire(modules=[sys.modules[__name__]])

tests/unit/wiring/provider_ids/test_async_injections_py36.py

@@ -32,6 +32,23 @@ async def test_async_injections():
     assert asyncinjections.resource2.shutdown_counter == 0
 
 
+@mark.asyncio
+async def test_async_generator_injections() -> None:
+    resources = []
+
+    async for resource in asyncinjections.async_generator_injection():
+        resources.append(resource)
+
+    assert len(resources) == 2
+    assert resources[0] is asyncinjections.resource1
+    assert asyncinjections.resource1.init_counter == 1
+    assert asyncinjections.resource1.shutdown_counter == 0
+
+    assert resources[1] is asyncinjections.resource2
+    assert asyncinjections.resource2.init_counter == 1
+    assert asyncinjections.resource2.shutdown_counter == 1
+
+
 @mark.asyncio
 async def test_async_injections_with_closing():
     resource1, resource2 = await asyncinjections.async_injection_with_closing()

tests/unit/wiring/test_cache.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""Tests for string module and package names."""
+
+from typing import Iterator, Optional
+
+from pytest import fixture, mark
+from samples.wiring.container import Container
+
+from dependency_injector.wiring import _fetch_reference_injections
+
+
+@fixture
+def container() -> Iterator[Container]:
+    container = Container()
+    yield container
+    container.unwire()
+
+
+@mark.parametrize(
+    ["arg_value", "wc_value", "empty_cache"],
+    [
+        (None, False, True),
+        (False, True, True),
+        (True, False, False),
+        (None, True, False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_fetch_reference_injections_cache(
+    container: Container,
+    arg_value: Optional[bool],
+    wc_value: bool,
+    empty_cache: bool,
+) -> None:
+    container.wiring_config.keep_cache = wc_value
+    container.wire(
+        modules=["samples.wiring.module"],
+        packages=["samples.wiring.package"],
+        keep_cache=arg_value,
+    )
+    cache_info = _fetch_reference_injections.cache_info()
+
+    if empty_cache:
+        assert cache_info == (0, 0, None, 0)
+    else:
+        assert cache_info.hits > 0
+        assert cache_info.misses > 0
+        assert cache_info.currsize > 0

tests/unit/wiring/test_fastdepends.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from wiringfastdepends import sample
+
+
+def test_apply_coefficient() -> None:
+    assert sample.apply_coefficient(100) == 120.0
+
+
+def test_apply_coefficient_annotated() -> None:
+    assert sample.apply_coefficient_annotated(100) == 120.0

tox.ini

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ deps=
     mypy_boto3_s3
     pydantic-settings
     werkzeug
+    fast-depends
 extras=
     yaml
 commands = pytest
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ deps =
     boto3
     mypy_boto3_s3
     werkzeug
+    fast-depends
 commands = pytest -m pydantic
 
 [testenv:coveralls]
@@ -88,4 +90,4 @@ deps=
     pydantic-settings
     mypy
 commands=
-    mypy tests/typing
+    mypy --strict tests/typing