.coveragerc

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[run]
+source = src/dependency_injector
+omit = tests/unit
+plugins = Cython.Coverage
+
+[html]
+directory=reports/unittests/

.cursor/rules/coding-guide.mdc

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
----
-description: Code in Python and Cython
-globs:
-alwaysApply: false
----
-- Follow PEP 8 rules
-- When you write imports, split system, 3rd-party, and local imports with a new line
-- Have two empty lines between the import block and the rest of the code
-- Have an empty line (\n) at the end of every file
-- If a file is supposed to be run, always add ``if __name__ == 'main'``
-- Always follow a consistent pattern of using double or single quotes
-- When there is a class without a docblock, leave one blank line before its members, e.g.:
-```python
-class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-    service = providers.Factory(Service)
-```
-
-- Avoid shortcuts in names unless absolutely necessary, exceptions:
-```
-arg
-args
-kwarg
-kwargs
-obj
-cls
-```
-
-- Avoid inline comments unless absolutely necessary

.cursor/rules/makefile-commands.mdc

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
----
-description: Build and run tests
-globs:
-alwaysApply: false
----
-- Use Makefile commands to build, test, lint and other similar operations when they are available.
-- Activate virtualenv before running any commands by ``. venv/bin/actvate``

.cursor/rules/run-examples.mdc

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
----
-description: Run examples
-globs:
-alwaysApply: false
----
-- When you run an example from the ``examples/`` folder, switch to the example folder and run it from there.
-- If there are instructions on running the examples or its tests in readme, follow them
-- Activate virtualenv before running any commands by ``. venv/bin/actvate``

.deepsource.toml

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-version = 1
-
-test_patterns = ["tests/**/test_*.py"]
-
-exclude_patterns = ["docs/**"]
-
-[[analyzers]]
-name = "python"
-enabled = true
-
-  [analyzers.meta]
-  runtime_version = "3.x.x"

.editorconfig

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-root = true
-
-[*]
-end_of_line = lf
-insert_final_newline = true
-trim_trailing_whitespace = true
-
-[*.{py,pyi,pxd,pyx}]
-ij_visual_guides = 80,88

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-github: rmk135

.github/workflows/publishing.yml

@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-name: Publishing
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  push:
-    tags:
-      - '*'
-
-jobs:
-
-  tests:
-    name: Run tests
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.13
-      - run: pip install tox
-      - run: tox
-        env:
-          TOXENV: 3.13
-
-  linters:
-    name: Run linters
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        toxenv: [flake8, pydocstyle, mypy, pylint]
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.13
-      - run: pip install tox
-      - run: tox
-        env:
-          TOXENV: ${{ matrix.toxenv }}
-
-  build-sdist:
-    name: Build source tarball
-    needs: [tests, linters]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.13
-      - run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade build
-          python -m build --sdist
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: cibw-sdist
-          path: ./dist/*
-
-  build-wheels:
-    name: Build wheels
-    needs: [tests, linters]
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-2022, macos-14]
-    env:
-      CIBW_ENABLE: pypy
-      CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: >-
-        PIP_CONFIG_SETTINGS="build_ext=-j4"
-        DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_LIMITED_API="1"
-        CFLAGS="-g0"
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.0.0
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
-          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
-
-  test-publish:
-    name: Upload release to TestPyPI
-    needs: [build-sdist, build-wheels]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: test-pypi
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          pattern: cibw-*
-          path: dist
-          merge-multiple: true
-      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
-        with:
-          repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
-
-  publish:
-    name: Upload release to PyPI
-    needs: [build-sdist, build-wheels, test-publish]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: pypi
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          pattern: cibw-*
-          path: dist
-          merge-multiple: true
-      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
-
-  publish-docs:
-    name: Publish docs
-    needs: [publish]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.13
-      - run: pip install awscli
-      - run: pip install -r requirements-doc.txt
-      - run: pip install -e .
-      - run: (cd docs && make clean html)
-      - run: |
-          aws s3 sync docs/_build/html s3://python-dependency-injector-docs --delete
-          aws cloudfront create-invalidation --distribution-id ${{ secrets.AWS_CLOUDFRONT_DISTRIBUTION_ID }} --path "/*" > /dev/null
-          echo "Cache invalidation triggered"
-        env:
-          AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-          AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: ${{ secrets.AWS_DEFAULT_REGION }}

.github/workflows/tests-and-linters.yml

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-name: Tests and linters
-
-on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
-
-jobs:
-
-  test-on-different-versions:
-    name: Run tests
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      - run: pip install tox
-      - run: tox
-        env:
-          DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_LIMITED_API: 1
-          TOXENV: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-
-  test-different-pydantic-versions:
-    name: Run tests with different pydantic versions
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: "3.12"
-      - run: pip install tox
-      - run: tox -e pydantic-v1,pydantic-v2
-
-  test-coverage:
-    name: Run tests with coverage
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    env:
-      DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE: 1
-      PIP_VERBOSE: 1
-      COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN }}
-      GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.12
-      - run: pip install tox
-      - run: tox -vv
-        env:
-          TOXENV: coveralls
-
-  linters:
-    name: Run linters
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        toxenv: [flake8, pydocstyle, mypy, pylint]
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.13
-      - run: pip install tox
-      - run: tox
-        env:
-          TOXENV: ${{ matrix.toxenv }}

.gitignore

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ lib64/
 parts/
 sdist/
 var/
-wheelhouse/
 *.egg-info/
 .installed.cfg
 *.egg
@@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ reports/
 .cache
 nosetests.xml
 coverage.xml
-.hypothesis/
 
 # Translations
 *.mo
@@ -56,7 +54,7 @@ target/
 .idea/
 
 # Virtualenv
-venv*/
+venv/
 
 # SQLite
 *.db
@@ -64,13 +62,10 @@ venv*/
 # Vim Rope
 .ropeproject/
 
-# Cython artifacts
-src/**/*.c
-src/**/*.h
-src/**/*.so
-src/**/*.html
-
-# Workspace for samples
-.workspace/
-
-.vscode/
+# C extensions
+src/dependency_injector/*.h
+src/dependency_injector/*.so
+src/dependency_injector/containers/*.h
+src/dependency_injector/containers/*.so
+src/dependency_injector/providers/*.h
+src/dependency_injector/providers/*.so

.pylintrc

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+[MASTER]
+
+# Add <file or directory> to the black list. It should be a base name, not a
+# path. You may set this option multiple times.
+ignore=utils,tests
+
+[MESSAGES CONTROL]
+
+# Disable the message(s) with the given id(s).
+# disable-msg=
+
+[SIMILARITIES]
+
+# Minimum lines number of a similarity.
+min-similarity-lines=5
+
+[TYPECHECK]
+ignore-mixin-members=yes
+# ignored-classes=
+zope=no
+# generated-members=providedBy,implementedBy,rawDataReceived
+
+[DESIGN]
+# Maximum number of arguments for function / method
+max-args=10
+
+# Maximum number of locals for function / method body
+max-locals=20
+
+# Maximum number of return / yield for function / method body
+max-returns=10
+
+# Maximum number of branch for function / method body
+max-branchs=10
+
+# Maximum number of statements in function / method body
+max-statements=60
+
+# Maximum number of parents for a class (see R0901).
+max-parents=10
+
+# Maximum number of attributes for a class (see R0902).
+max-attributes=30
+
+# Minimum number of public methods for a class (see R0903).
+min-public-methods=0
+
+# Maximum number of public methods for a class (see R0904).
+max-public-methods=30

.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+os: linux
+dist: xenial
+language: python
+jobs:
+  include:
+  - python: 3.8
+    env: TOXENV=coveralls DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE=1
+    install:
+      - pip install tox
+      - pip install cython
+      - make cythonize
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.6
+    env: TOXENV=pylint
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.6
+    env: TOXENV=flake8
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.6
+    env: TOXENV=pydocstyle
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 2.7
+    env: TOXENV=py27
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.4
+    env: TOXENV=py34
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.5
+    env: TOXENV=py35
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.6
+    env: TOXENV=py36
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.7
+    env: TOXENV=py37
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.8
+    env: TOXENV=py38
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: pypy
+    env: TOXENV=pypy
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: pypy3
+    env: TOXENV=pypy3
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.8
+    if: tag IS present
+    env: TWINE_USERNAME=__token__
+    install: pip install pip --upgrade
+    script: python setup.py sdist
+    after_success:
+      - python3 -m pip install twine
+      - python3 -m twine upload dist/*
+  - services: docker
+    if: tag IS present
+    env: TWINE_USERNAME=__token__
+    install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==1.5.1
+    script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+    after_success:
+      - python3 -m pip install twine
+      - python3 -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
+  - os: osx
+    if: tag IS present
+    language: shell
+    env: TWINE_USERNAME=__token__
+    install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==1.5.1
+    script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+    after_success:
+      - python3 -m pip install twine
+      - python3 -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
+  - os: windows
+    if: tag IS present
+    language: shell
+    env: TWINE_USERNAME=__token__
+    before_install:
+      - choco install python --version 3.8.0
+      - export PATH="/c/Python38:/c/Python38/Scripts:$PATH"
+    install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==1.5.1
+    script: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+    after_success:
+      - python -m pip install twine
+      - python -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
+notifications:
+  slack:
+    rooms:
+      secure: CdWDgKnfYW7vvvoH3nS3yg3TcNZiYLRUyEp6ukQ4rQiiuR4+ltuvyGyFJWgP8r7VVJ9yHkB0jebCKWLUMsAEt1my33B6eMDEVefovpkdh2eJjGswmm80brt0EJULpgwPOtB1U47Mwca8L5jDW4KSv9RypUFRgn8eHDoWw6LKf5g=

CONTRIBUTORS.rst

@@ -13,12 +13,3 @@ Dependency Injector Contributors
 + Bruno P. Kinoshita (kinow)
 + RobinsonMa (RobinsonMa)
 + Rüdiger Busche (JarnoRFB)
-+ Dmitry Rassoshenko (rda-dev)
-+ Fotis Koutoupas (kootoopas)
-+ Shubhendra Singh Chauhan (withshubh)
-+ sonthonaxrk (sonthonaxrk)
-+ Ngo Thanh Loi (Leonn) (loingo95)
-+ Thiago Hiromi (thiromi)
-+ Felipe Rubio (krouw)
-+ Anton Petrov (anton-petrov)
-+ ZipFile (ZipFile)

LICENSE.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2024, Roman Mogylatov
+Copyright (c) 2017, ETS Labs
 All rights reserved.
 
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

MANIFEST.in

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-recursive-include src/dependency_injector *.py* *.c py.typed
+recursive-include src/dependency_injector *.py *.pyx *.pxd *.c
 recursive-include tests *.py
 include README.rst
 include CONTRIBUTORS.rst
 include LICENSE.rst
+include requirements.txt
 include setup.py
 include tox.ini

Makefile

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 VERSION := $(shell python setup.py --version)
 
-export COVERAGE_RCFILE := pyproject.toml
+CYTHON_SRC := $(shell find src/dependency_injector -name '*.pyx')
+
+CYTHON_DIRECTIVES = -Xlanguage_level=2
+
+ifdef DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE
+	CYTHON_DIRECTIVES += -Xprofile=True
+	CYTHON_DIRECTIVES += -Xlinetrace=True
+endif
+
 
 clean:
 	# Clean sources
@@ -17,41 +25,51 @@ clean:
 	find examples -name '*.py[co]' -delete
 	find examples -name '__pycache__' -delete
 
-build: clean
-	# Compile C extensions
-	python setup.py build_ext --inplace
+cythonize:
+	# Compile Cython to C
+	cython -a $(CYTHON_DIRECTIVES) $(CYTHON_SRC)
 	# Move all Cython html reports
 	mkdir -p reports/cython/
 	find src -name '*.html' -exec mv {}  reports/cython/  \;
 
+build: clean cythonize
+	# Compile C extensions
+	python setup.py build_ext --inplace
+
 docs-live:
 	sphinx-autobuild docs docs/_build/html
 
-install: uninstall clean build
+install: uninstall clean cythonize
 	pip install -ve .
 
 uninstall:
 	- pip uninstall -y -q dependency-injector 2> /dev/null
 
-test:
+test-py2: build
 	# Unit tests with coverage report
 	coverage erase
-	coverage run -m pytest
-	coverage report
-	coverage html
+	coverage run --rcfile=./.coveragerc -m unittest2 discover -s tests/unit/ -p test_*_py2_py3.py
+	coverage report --rcfile=./.coveragerc
+	coverage html --rcfile=./.coveragerc
+
+test-py3: build
+	# Unit tests with coverage report
+	coverage erase
+	coverage run --rcfile=./.coveragerc -m unittest2 discover -s tests/unit/ -p test_*py3*.py
+	coverage report --rcfile=./.coveragerc
+	coverage html --rcfile=./.coveragerc
 
 check:
+	# Static analysis
 	flake8 src/dependency_injector/
 	flake8 examples/
-
+	# Code style analysis
 	pydocstyle src/dependency_injector/
 	pydocstyle examples/
 
-	mypy tests/typing
-
-test-publish: build
+test-publish: cythonize
 	# Create distributions
-	python -m build --sdist
+	python setup.py sdist
 	# Upload distributions to PyPI
 	twine upload --repository testpypi dist/dependency-injector-$(VERSION)*
 

README.rst

@@ -35,10 +35,14 @@
    :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
    :alt: Wheel
 
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tests-and-linters.yml?branch=master
-   :target: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/actions
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector.svg?branch=master
+   :target: https://travis-ci.org/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
    :alt: Build Status
-
+   
+.. image:: http://readthedocs.org/projects/python-dependency-injector/badge/?version=latest
+   :target: http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/
+   :alt: Docs Status
+   
 .. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/badge.svg?branch=master
    :target: https://coveralls.io/github/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector?branch=master
    :alt: Coverage Status
@@ -48,39 +52,97 @@ What is ``Dependency Injector``?
 
 ``Dependency Injector`` is a dependency injection framework for Python.
 
-It helps implement the dependency injection principle.
+It helps you in implementing the dependency injection principle.
 
-Key features of the ``Dependency Injector``:
+What is dependency injection?
+-----------------------------
 
-- **Providers**. Provides ``Factory``, ``Singleton``, ``Callable``, ``Coroutine``, ``Object``,
-  ``List``, ``Dict``, ``Configuration``, ``Resource``, ``Dependency``, and ``Selector`` providers
-  that help assemble your objects.
-  See `Providers <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/index.html>`_.
-- **Overriding**. Can override any provider by another provider on the fly. This helps in testing
-  and configuring dev/stage environment to replace API clients with stubs etc. See
-  `Provider overriding <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/overriding.html>`_.
-- **Configuration**. Reads configuration from ``yaml``, ``ini``, and ``json`` files, ``pydantic`` settings,
-  environment variables, and dictionaries.
-  See `Configuration provider <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/configuration.html>`_.
-- **Resources**. Helps with initialization and configuring of logging, event loop, thread
-  or process pool, etc. Can be used for per-function execution scope in tandem with wiring.
-  See `Resource provider <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/resource.html>`_.
-- **Containers**. Provides declarative and dynamic containers.
-  See `Containers <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/containers/index.html>`_.
-- **Wiring**. Injects dependencies into functions and methods. Helps integrate with
-  other frameworks: Django, Flask, Aiohttp, Sanic, FastAPI, etc.
-  See `Wiring <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/wiring.html>`_.
-- **Asynchronous**. Supports asynchronous injections.
-  See `Asynchronous injections <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/async.html>`_.
-- **Typing**. Provides typing stubs, ``mypy``-friendly.
-  See `Typing and mypy <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/typing_mypy.html>`_.
-- **Performance**. Fast. Written in ``Cython``.
-- **Maturity**. Mature and production-ready. Well-tested, documented, and supported.
+Dependency injection is a principle that helps to decrease coupling and increase cohesion. Your
+code becomes more flexible, clear and it is easier to test it.
+
+How to implement dependency injection?
+--------------------------------------
+
+Objects do not create each other anymore. They provide a way to inject the needed dependency
+instead.
+
+Before:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   import os
+
+
+   class ApiClient:
+
+       def __init__(self):
+           self.api_key = os.getenv('API_KEY')
+           self.timeout = os.getenv('TIMEOUT')
+
+
+   class Service:
+
+       def __init__(self):
+           self.api_client = ApiClient()
+
+
+   if __name__ == '__main__':
+       service = Service()
+
+
+After:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   import os
+
+
+   class ApiClient:
+
+       def __init__(self, api_key: str, timeout: int):
+           self.api_key = api_key
+           self.timeout = timeout
+
+
+   class Service:
+
+       def __init__(self, api_client: ApiClient):
+           self.api_client = api_client
+
+
+   if __name__ == '__main__':
+       service = Service(ApiClient(os.getenv('API_KEY'), os.getenv('TIMEOUT')))
+
+
+Flexibility comes with a price: now you need to assemble your objects like this
+``Service(ApiClient(os.getenv('API_KEY'), os.getenv('TIMEOUT')))``. The assembly code might get
+duplicated and it'll become harder to change the application structure.
+
+What does Dependency Injector do?
+---------------------------------
+
+``Dependency Injector`` helps you assemble the objects.
+
+It provides you the container and the providers that help you describe objects assembly. When you
+need an object you get it from the container. The rest of the assembly work is done by the
+framework:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-   from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
+
+
+   class ApiClient:
+
+       def __init__(self, api_key: str, timeout: int):
+           self.api_key = api_key
+           self.timeout = timeout
+
+
+   class Service:
+
+       def __init__(self, api_client: ApiClient):
+           self.api_client = api_client
 
 
    class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
@@ -90,7 +152,7 @@ Key features of the ``Dependency Injector``:
        api_client = providers.Singleton(
            ApiClient,
            api_key=config.api_key,
-           timeout=config.timeout,
+           timeout=config.timeout.as_int(),
        )
 
        service = providers.Factory(
@@ -99,40 +161,31 @@ Key features of the ``Dependency Injector``:
        )
 
 
-   @inject
-   def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]) -> None:
-       ...
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
+   if __name__ == '__main__':
        container = Container()
-       container.config.api_key.from_env("API_KEY", required=True)
-       container.config.timeout.from_env("TIMEOUT", as_=int, default=5)
-       container.wire(modules=[__name__])
+       container.config.api_key.from_env('API_KEY')
+       container.config.timeout.from_env('TIMEOUT')
 
-       main()  # <-- dependency is injected automatically
+       service = container.service()
 
-       with container.api_client.override(mock.Mock()):
-           main()  # <-- overridden dependency is injected automatically
+Retrieving of the ``Service`` instance now is done like this ``container.service()``.
 
-When you call the ``main()`` function the ``Service`` dependency is assembled and injected automatically.
+Also ``Dependency Injector`` provides a bonus in overriding any of the providers with the
+``.override()`` method:
 
-When you do testing, you call the ``container.api_client.override()`` method to replace the real API
-client with a mock. When you call ``main()``, the mock is injected.
+.. code-block:: python
 
-You can override any provider with another provider.
+   from unittest import mock
 
-It also helps you in a re-configuring project for different environments: replace an API client
-with a stub on the dev or stage.
 
-With the ``Dependency Injector``, object assembling is consolidated in a container. Dependency injections are defined explicitly.
-This makes it easier to understand and change how an application works.
+   with container.api_client.override(mock.Mock()):
+       service = container.service()
+       assert isinstance(service.api_client, mock.Mock)
 
-.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiki/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/img/di-readme.svg
-   :target: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
+It helps in a testing. Also you can use it for configuring project for the different environments:
+replace an API client with a stub on the dev or stage.
 
-Visit the docs to know more about the
-`Dependency injection and inversion of control in Python <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/introduction/di_in_python.html>`_.
+`More examples <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples>`_
 
 Installation
 ------------
@@ -144,67 +197,74 @@ The package is available on the `PyPi`_::
 Documentation
 -------------
 
-The documentation is available `here <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/>`_.
-
-Examples
---------
-
-Choose one of the following:
-
-- `Application example (single container) <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/application-single-container.html>`_
-- `Application example (multiple containers) <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/application-multiple-containers.html>`_
-- `Decoupled packages example (multiple containers) <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/decoupled-packages.html>`_
-- `Boto3 example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/boto3.html>`_
-- `Django example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/django.html>`_
-- `Flask example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/flask.html>`_
-- `Aiohttp example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/aiohttp.html>`_
-- `Sanic example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/sanic.html>`_
-- `FastAPI example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/fastapi.html>`_
-- `FastAPI + Redis example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/fastapi-redis.html>`_
-- `FastAPI + SQLAlchemy example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/fastapi-sqlalchemy.html>`_
+The documentation is available on the `Read The Docs <http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/>`_
 
 Tutorials
 ---------
 
 Choose one of the following:
 
-- `Flask web application tutorial <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/flask.html>`_
-- `Aiohttp REST API tutorial <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/aiohttp.html>`_
-- `Asyncio monitoring daemon tutorial <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/asyncio-daemon.html>`_
-- `CLI application tutorial <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/cli.html>`_
+- `Flask web application tutorial <http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/flask.html>`_
+- `Aiohttp REST API tutorial <http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/aiohttp.html>`_
+- `Asyncio monitoring daemon tutorial <http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/asyncio-daemon.html>`_
+- `CLI application tutorial <http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/cli.html>`_
 
 Concept
 -------
 
-The framework stands on the `PEP20 (The Zen of Python) <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/>`_ principle:
+``Dependency Injector`` stands on two principles:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+- Explicit is better than implicit (PEP20).
+- Do no magic to your code.
 
-   Explicit is better than implicit
+How does it different from the other frameworks?
 
-You need to specify how to assemble and where to inject the dependencies explicitly.
+- **No autowiring.** The framework does NOT do any autowiring / autoresolving of the dependencies. You need to specify everything explicitly. Because *"Explicit is better than implicit" (PEP20)*.
+- **Does not pollute your code.** Your application does NOT know and does NOT depend on the framework. No ``@inject`` decorators, annotations, patching or any other magic tricks.
 
-The power of the framework is in its simplicity.
-``Dependency Injector`` is a simple tool for the powerful concept.
+``Dependency Injector`` makes a simple contract with you:
+
+- You tell the framework how to build you code
+- The framework does it for you
+
+The power of the ``Dependency Injector`` is in its simplicity and straightforwardness. It is a simple tool for the powerful concept.
 
 Frequently asked questions
 --------------------------
 
-What is dependency injection?
+What is the dependency injection?
  - dependency injection is a principle that decreases coupling and increases cohesion
 
 Why should I do the dependency injection?
- - your code becomes more flexible, testable, and clear 😎
+ - your code becomes more flexible, testable and clear
+ - you have no problems when you need to understand how it works or change it 😎 
 
-How do I start applying the dependency injection?
+How do I start doing the dependency injection?
  - you start writing the code following the dependency injection principle
  - you register all of your application components and their dependencies in the container
- - when you need a component, you specify where to inject it or get it from the container
+ - when you need a component, you get it from the container
+
+Why do I need a framework for this?
+ - you need the framework for this to not create it by your own
+ - this framework gives you the container and the providers
+ - the container is like a dictionary with the batteries 🔋 
+ - the providers manage the lifetime of your components, you will need factories, singletons, smart config object etc
 
 What price do I pay and what do I get?
- - you need to explicitly specify the dependencies
+ - you need to explicitly specify the dependencies in the container
  - it will be extra work in the beginning
- - it will payoff as project grows
+ - it will payoff when project grows or in two weeks 😊 (when you forget what project was about)
+
+What features does the framework have?
+ - building objects graph
+ - smart configuration object
+ - providers: factory, singleton, thread locals registers, etc
+ - positional and keyword context injections
+ - overriding of the objects in any part of the graph
+
+What features the framework does NOT have?
+ - autowiring / autoresolving of the dependencies
+ - the annotations and ``@inject``-like decorators
 
 Have a question?
  - Open a `Github Issue <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues>`_

docs/_static/custom.css

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-.no-border {
-    border: 0 !important;
-    box-shadow: none !important;
-    -webkit-box-shadow: none !important;
-}
-.no-border td {
-    border: 0px !important;
-    padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px !important;
-}

docs/_static/disqus.js

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+var disqus_shortname;
+var disqus_identifier;
+
+$(function() {
+    var disqus_thread = $("#disqus_thread");
+    disqus_shortname = disqus_thread.data('disqus-shortname');
+    disqus_identifier = disqus_thread.data('disqus-identifier');
+    var dsq = document.createElement('script'); dsq.type = 'text/javascript'; dsq.async = true;
+    dsq.src = '//' + disqus_shortname + '.disqus.com/embed.js';
+    (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(dsq);
+});

docs/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme-hotfix.css

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.rst-content .highlight>pre, .rst-content .linenodiv>pre {
+    line-height: normal;
+}

docs/_static/sponsor.html

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-<iframe src="https://github.com/sponsors/rmk135/button" title="Sponsor Dependency Injector" height="32" width="114" style="border: 0; border-radius: 6px;"></iframe>

docs/api/aiohttpext.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp
+===============================
+
+.. automodule:: dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp
+   :members:
+   :special-members:
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/api/asgi-lifespan.rst

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-dependency_injector.ext.starlette
-=================================
-
-.. automodule:: dependency_injector.ext.starlette
-   :members:
-   :inherited-members:
-   :show-inheritance:
-
-.. disqus::

docs/api/containers.rst

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ dependency_injector.containers
 
 .. automodule:: dependency_injector.containers
    :members:
-   :inherited-members:
-   :show-inheritance:
+   :special-members:
+
 
 .. disqus::

docs/api/flaskext.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+dependency_injector.ext.flask
+=============================
+
+.. automodule:: dependency_injector.ext.flask
+   :members:
+   :special-members:
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/api/index.rst

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ API Documentation
 =================
 
 ..  toctree::
-   :maxdepth: 2
+    :maxdepth: 2
 
-   top-level
-   providers
-   containers
-   wiring
-   errors
-   asgi-lifespan
+    top_level
+    providers
+    containers
+    errors
+    aiohttpext
+    flaskext

docs/api/wiring.rst

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-dependency_injector.wiring
-=============================
-
-.. automodule:: dependency_injector.wiring
-   :members:
-
-.. disqus::

docs/conf.py

@@ -20,49 +20,49 @@ import alabaster
 # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
 # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
 # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(".."))
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('..'))
 
 # -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
 
 # If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
-#needs_sphinx = "1.0"
+#needs_sphinx = '1.0'
 
 # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
-# extensions coming with Sphinx (named "sphinx.ext.*") or your custom
+# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
 extensions = [
-    "alabaster",
-    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
-    "sphinx_disqus.disqus",
+    'alabaster',
+    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
+    'sphinxcontrib.disqus',
 ]
 
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ["_templates"]
+templates_path = ['_templates']
 
 # The suffix(es) of source filenames.
 # You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
-# source_suffix = [".rst", ".md"]
-source_suffix = ".rst"
+# source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
+source_suffix = '.rst'
 
 # The encoding of source files.
-#source_encoding = "utf-8-sig"
+#source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
 
 # The master toctree document.
-master_doc = "index"
+master_doc = 'index'
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = "Dependency Injector"
-copyright = "2024, Roman Mogylatov"
-author = "Roman Mogylatov"
+project = u'Dependency Injector'
+copyright = u'2017, ETS Labs'
+author = u'ETS Labs'
 
-# The version info for the project you"re documenting, acts as replacement for
+# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
 # built documents.
 #
 # The short X.Y version.
 # Getting version:
-with open("../src/dependency_injector/__init__.py") as init_file:
-    version = re.search("__version__ = \"(.*?)\"", init_file.read()).group(1)
+with open('../src/dependency_injector/__init__.py') as init_file:
+    version = re.search('__version__ = \'(.*?)\'', init_file.read()).group(1)
 
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
 release = version
@@ -72,23 +72,23 @@ release = version
 #
 # This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
 # Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
-language = "en"
+language = None
 
 # There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
 # non-false value, then it is used:
-#today = ""
+#today = ''
 # Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
-#today_fmt = "%B %d, %Y"
+#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
 
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
-exclude_patterns = ["_build"]
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
 
 # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
 # documents.
 #default_role = None
 
-# If true, "()" will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
+# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
 #add_function_parentheses = True
 
 # If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ exclude_patterns = ["_build"]
 #show_authors = False
 
 # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
-pygments_style = "sphinx"
+pygments_style = 'sphinx'
 
 # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
 #modindex_common_prefix = []
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ todo_include_todos = False
 
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
 # a list of builtin themes.
-# html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
-html_theme = "alabaster"
+# html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
+html_theme = 'alabaster'
 
 # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
 # further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
@@ -141,24 +141,21 @@ html_theme_path = [alabaster.get_path()]
 # The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
 # docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
 # pixels large.
-html_favicon = "favicon.ico"
+#html_favicon = None
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ["_static"]
-html_css_files = [
-    "custom.css",
-]
+html_static_path = ['_static']
 
 # Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
 # .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
 # directly to the root of the documentation.
 #html_extra_path = []
 
-# If not "", a "Last updated on:" timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
+# If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
 # using the given strftime format.
-#html_last_updated_fmt = "%b %d, %Y"
+#html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
 
 # If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
 # typographically correct entities.
@@ -192,50 +189,50 @@ html_css_files = [
 # If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
 # contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
 # base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
-#html_use_opensearch = ""
+#html_use_opensearch = ''
 
 # This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
 #html_file_suffix = None
 
 # Language to be used for generating the HTML full-text search index.
 # Sphinx supports the following languages:
-#   "da", "de", "en", "es", "fi", "fr", "hu", "it", "ja"
-#   "nl", "no", "pt", "ro", "ru", "sv", "tr"
-#html_search_language = "en"
+#   'da', 'de', 'en', 'es', 'fi', 'fr', 'hu', 'it', 'ja'
+#   'nl', 'no', 'pt', 'ro', 'ru', 'sv', 'tr'
+#html_search_language = 'en'
 
 # A dictionary with options for the search language support, empty by default.
-# Now only "ja" uses this config value
-#html_search_options = {"type": "default"}
+# Now only 'ja' uses this config value
+#html_search_options = {'type': 'default'}
 
 # The name of a javascript file (relative to the configuration directory) that
 # implements a search results scorer. If empty, the default will be used.
-#html_search_scorer = "scorer.js"
+#html_search_scorer = 'scorer.js'
 
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
-htmlhelp_basename = "dependency_injectordoc"
+htmlhelp_basename = 'dependency_injectordoc'
 
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
 
 latex_elements = {
-# The paper size ("letterpaper" or "a4paper").
-#"papersize": "letterpaper",
+# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
+#'papersize': 'letterpaper',
 
-# The font size ("10pt", "11pt" or "12pt").
-#"pointsize": "10pt",
+# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
+#'pointsize': '10pt',
 
 # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
-#"preamble": "",
+#'preamble': '',
 
 # Latex figure (float) alignment
-#"figure_align": "htbp",
+#'figure_align': 'htbp',
 }
 
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-  (master_doc, "dependency_injector.tex", u"Dependency Injector Documentation",
-   u"Roman Mogylatov", "manual"),
+  (master_doc, 'dependency_injector.tex', u'Dependency Injector Documentation',
+   u'ETS Labs', 'manual'),
 ]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
@@ -264,7 +261,7 @@ latex_documents = [
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
 man_pages = [
-    (master_doc, "Dependency Injector", u"Dependency Injector Documentation",
+    (master_doc, 'Dependency Injector', u'Dependency Injector Documentation',
      [author], 1)
 ]
 
@@ -278,9 +275,9 @@ man_pages = [
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
-  (master_doc, "Dependency Injector", u"Dependency Injector Documentation",
-   author, "Dependency Injector", "Dependency injection microframework for Python",
-   "Miscellaneous"),
+  (master_doc, 'Dependency Injector', u'Dependency Injector Documentation',
+   author, 'Dependency Injector', 'Dependency injection microframework for Python',
+   'Miscellaneous'),
 ]
 
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
@@ -289,25 +286,23 @@ texinfo_documents = [
 # If false, no module index is generated.
 #texinfo_domain_indices = True
 
-# How to display URL addresses: "footnote", "no", or "inline".
-#texinfo_show_urls = "footnote"
+# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
+#texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
 
-# If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node"s menu.
+# If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
 #texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
 
-autodoc_member_order = "bysource"
+autodoc_member_order = 'bysource'
 
-disqus_shortname = "python-dependency-injector"
+disqus_shortname = 'python-dependency-injector'
 
 html_theme_options = {
-    "github_user": "ets-labs",
-    "github_repo": "python-dependency-injector",
-    "github_type": "star",
-    "github_button": True,
-    "github_banner": True,
-    "logo": "logo.svg",
-    "description": "Dependency injection framework for Python by Roman Mogylatov",
-    "code_font_size": "10pt",
-    "analytics_id": "UA-67012059-1",
-    "donate_url": "https://github.com/sponsors/rmk135",
+    'github_user': 'ets-labs',
+    'github_repo': 'python-dependency-injector',
+    'github_type': 'star',
+    'github_button': True,
+    'github_banner': True,
+    'logo': 'logo.svg',
+    'description': 'Dependency injection framework for Python',
+    'code_font_size': '10pt',
 }

docs/containers/check_dependencies.rst

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-.. _check-container-dependencies:
-
-Check container dependencies
-----------------------------
-
-To check container dependencies use method ``.check_dependencies()``.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/check_dependencies.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
-
-Method ``.check_dependencies()`` raises an error if container has any undefined dependencies.
-If all dependencies are provided or have defaults, no error is raised.
-
-See also: :ref:`dependency-provider`.
-
-.. disqus::

docs/containers/copying.rst

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-Container copying
------------------
-
-You can create declarative container copies using ``@containers.copy()`` decorator.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/declarative_copy_decorator1.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 18-22
-
-Decorator ``@containers.copy()`` copies providers from source container to destination container.
-Destination container provider will replace source provider, if names match.
-
-Decorator ``@containers.copy()`` helps you when you create derived declarative containers
-from the base one. Base container often keeps default dependencies while derived containers define
-overriding providers. Without ``@containers.copy()`` decorator, overridden providers are available
-in the derived container, but base class dependencies continue to be bound to the base class providers.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/declarative_copy_decorator2.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 11-
-
-.. disqus::

docs/containers/declarative.rst

@@ -34,39 +34,10 @@ Injections in the declarative container are done the usual way:
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
 
-You can override container providers while creating a container instance:
+You can override the container providers when you create the container instance:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/declarative_override_providers.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 13
-
-Alternatively, you can call ``container.override_providers()`` method when the container instance
-already exists:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-   container = Container()
-
-   container.override_providers(foo=mock.Mock(Foo), bar=mock.Mock(Bar))
-
-   assert isinstance(container.foo(), mock.Mock)
-   assert isinstance(container.bar(), mock.Mock)
-
-You can also use ``container.override_providers()`` with a context manager to reset
-provided overriding after the context is closed:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-   container = Container()
-
-   with container.override_providers(foo=mock.Mock(Foo), bar=mock.Mock(Bar)):
-       assert isinstance(container.foo(), mock.Mock)
-       assert isinstance(container.bar(), mock.Mock)
-
-   assert isinstance(container.foo(), Foo)
-   assert isinstance(container.bar(), Bar)
 
 .. disqus::

docs/containers/index.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-.. _containers:
-
 Containers
 ==========
 
@@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ There are several use cases how you can use containers:
   container ``Users``, that contains all functional parts of the ``users``
   package).
 
-Containers module API docs - :py:mod:`dependency_injector.containers`.
+Containers package API docs - :py:mod:`dependency_injector.containers`.
 
 ..  toctree::
     :maxdepth: 2
@@ -23,7 +21,3 @@ Containers module API docs - :py:mod:`dependency_injector.containers`.
     dynamic
     specialization
     overriding
-    copying
-    reset_singletons
-    check_dependencies
-    traversal

docs/containers/overriding.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-Container overriding
---------------------
+Overriding of the container
+---------------------------
 
 .. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.containers
 
@@ -21,20 +21,4 @@ The container also has:
 
 :py:class:`DynamicContainer` has the same functionality.
 
-Another possible way to override container providers on declarative level is
-``@containers.override()`` decorator:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/declarative_override_decorator.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12-16
-
-Decorator ``@containers.override()`` takes a container for overriding as an argument.
-This container providers will be overridden by the providers with the same names from
-the decorated container.
-
-It helps to change the behaviour of application by importing extension modules but not a code change.
-Imported module can override providers in main container. While the code uses main container as
-before, the overridden providers provide components defined in the extension module.
-
 .. disqus::

docs/containers/reset_singletons.rst

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-.. _reset-container-singletons:
-
-Reset container singletons
---------------------------
-
-To reset all container singletons use method ``.reset_singletons()``.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/reset_singletons.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 16
-
-Method ``.reset_singletons()`` also resets singletons in sub-containers: ``providers.Container`` and
-``providers.DependenciesContainer.``
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/reset_singletons_subcontainers.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 21
-
-You can use ``.reset_singletons()`` method with a context manager. Singletons will be reset on
-both entering and exiting a context.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/reset_singletons_with.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 14-15
-
-See also: :ref:`singleton-provider`.
-
-.. disqus::

docs/containers/traversal.rst

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-Container providers traversal
------------------------------
-
-To traverse container providers use method ``.traverse()``.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/traverse.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 38
-
-Method ``.traverse()`` returns a generator. Traversal generator visits all container providers.
-This includes nested providers even if they are not present on the root level of the container.
-
-Traversal generator guarantees that each container provider will be visited only once.
-It can traverse cyclic provider graphs.
-
-Traversal generator does not guarantee traversal order.
-
-You can use ``types=[...]`` argument to filter providers. Traversal generator will only return
-providers matching specified types.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-   container = Container()
-
-   for provider in container.traverse(types=[providers.Resource]):
-       print(provider)
-
-    # <dependency_injector.providers.Resource(<function init_database at 0x10bd2cb80>) at 0x10d346b40>
-    # <dependency_injector.providers.Resource(<function init_cache at 0x10be373a0>) at 0x10d346bc0>
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples-other/chained-factories.rst

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-Chained Factories pattern
-=========================
-
-This example demonstrates "Chained Factories" pattern.
-
-The idea of the pattern is in wrapping ``Factory`` into another ``Factory`` that adds
-additional arguments.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   base_factory = providers.Factory(
-       SomeClass,
-       base_argument=1,
-   )
-
-   concrete_factory = providers.Factory(
-       base_factory,
-       extra_argument=2,
-   )
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       instance = concrete_factory()
-       # Same as: # instance = SomeClass(base_argument=1, extra_argument=2)
-
-Sample code
------------
-
-Listing of the pattern example:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/factory-patterns/chained_factories.py
-   :language: python
-
-Arguments priority
-------------------
-
-Passing of the arguments works the same way like for any other :ref:`factory-provider`.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   # 1. Keyword arguments of upper level factory are added to lower level factory
-   chained_dict_factory = providers.Factory(
-       providers.Factory(dict, arg1=1),
-       arg2=2,
-   )
-   print(chained_dict_factory())  # prints: {"arg1": 1, "arg2": 2}
-
-   # 2. Keyword arguments of upper level factory have priority
-   chained_dict_factory = providers.Factory(
-       providers.Factory(dict, arg1=1),
-       arg1=2,
-   )
-   print(chained_dict_factory())  # prints: {"arg1": 2}
-
-   # 3. Keyword arguments provided from context have the most priority
-   chained_dict_factory = providers.Factory(
-       providers.Factory(dict, arg1=1),
-       arg1=2,
-   )
-   print(chained_dict_factory(arg1=3))  # prints: {"arg1": 3}
-
-
-Credits
--------
-
-The "Chained Factories" pattern was suggested by the ``Dependency Injector`` users.
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples-other/factory-of-factories.rst

@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-Factory of Factories pattern
-============================
-
-This example demonstrates "Factory of Factories" pattern.
-
-The idea of the pattern is in creating a ``Factory`` that creates another ``Factory`` and adds
-additional arguments.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   base_factory = providers.Factory(
-       providers.Factory
-       SomeClass,
-       base_argument=1,
-   )
-
-   concrete_factory = providers.Factory(
-       OtherClass,
-       instance=base_factory(extra_argument=1),
-   )
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       instance = concrete_factory()
-       # Same as: # instance = SomeClass(base_argument=1, extra_argument=2)
-
-Sample code
------------
-
-Listing of the pattern example:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/factory-patterns/factory_of_factories.py
-   :language: python
-
-Arguments priority
-------------------
-
-Passing of the arguments works the same way like for any other :ref:`factory-provider`.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   # 1. Keyword arguments of upper level factory are added to lower level factory
-   factory_of_dict_factories = providers.Factory(
-       providers.Factory,
-       dict,
-       arg1=1,
-   )
-   dict_factory = factory_of_dict_factories(arg2=2)
-   print(dict_factory())  # prints: {"arg1": 1, "arg2": 2}
-
-   # 2. Keyword arguments of upper level factory have priority
-   factory_of_dict_factories = providers.Factory(
-       providers.Factory,
-       dict,
-       arg1=1,
-   )
-   dict_factory = factory_of_dict_factories(arg1=2)
-   print(dict_factory())  # prints: {"arg1": 2}
-
-   # 3. Keyword arguments provided from context have the most priority
-   factory_of_dict_factories = providers.Factory(
-       providers.Factory,
-       dict,
-       arg1=1,
-   )
-   dict_factory = factory_of_dict_factories(arg1=2)
-   print(dict_factory(arg1=3))  # prints: {"arg1": 3}
-
-Credits
--------
-
-The "Factory of Factories" pattern was suggested by the ``Dependency Injector`` users.
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples-other/index.rst

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-Other examples
-==============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Inversion of Control,Container,Example,Application,
-              Framework
-   :description: This sections contains assorted Dependency Injector examples.
-
-This sections contains assorted ``Dependency Injector`` examples.
-
-..  toctree::
-    :maxdepth: 2
-
-    use-cases
-    password-hashing
-    chained-factories
-    factory-of-factories

docs/examples-other/password-hashing.rst

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-Password hashing example
-========================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Inversion of Control,Container,Example,Application,
-              Framework,Callable
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the Callable provider.
-
-This example demonstrates an injection of the ``Callable`` provider.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/password-hashing>`_.
-
-Sample code
------------
-
-Listing of the pattern example:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/password-hashing/example.py
-   :language: python
-
-Run the example
----------------
-
-Instructions for running:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    python example.py
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples-other/use-cases.rst

@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-Use cases example
-=================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Inversion of Control,Container,Example,Application,
-              Framework,DependenciesContainer
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the DependenciesContainer provider.
-
-This example demonstrates a usage of the ``DependenciesContainer`` provider.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Example application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-
-   ./
-   └── example/
-       ├── __init__.py
-       ├── __main__.py
-       ├── adapters.py
-       ├── containers.py
-       └── usecases.py
-
-Containers
-----------
-
-Listing of the ``example/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/use-cases/example/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Main module
------------
-
-Listing of the ``example/__main__.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/use-cases/example/__main__.py
-   :language: python
-
-
-Run the application
--------------------
-
-Instructions for running in the "test" mode:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    python run.py test example@example.com
-
-Instructions for running in the "prod" mode:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    python run.py prod example@example.com
-
-Adapters and use cases
-----------------------
-
-Listing of the ``example/adapters.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/use-cases/example/adapters.py
-   :language: python
-
-Listing of the ``example/usecases.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/use-cases/example/usecases.py
-   :language: python
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/aiohttp.rst

@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-.. _aiohttp-example:
-
-Aiohttp example
-===============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Aiohttp,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the Aiohttp and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `Aiohttp <https://docs.aiohttp.org/>`_.
-
-The example application is a REST API that searches for funny GIFs on the `Giphy <https://giphy.com/>`_.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/aiohttp>`_.
-
-:ref:`aiohttp-tutorial` demonstrates how to build this application step-by-step.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── giphynavigator/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── application.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── giphy.py
-   │   ├── handlers.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   └── tests.py
-   ├── config.yml
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container is defined in ``giphynavigator/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/aiohttp/giphynavigator/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Handlers
---------
-
-Handler has dependencies on search service and some config options. The dependencies are injected
-using :ref:`wiring` feature.
-
-Listing of ``giphynavigator/handlers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/aiohttp/giphynavigator/handlers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Application factory
--------------------
-Application factory creates container, wires it with the ``handlers`` module, creates
-``Aiohttp`` app and setup routes.
-
-Listing of ``giphynavigator/application.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/aiohttp/giphynavigator/application.py
-   :language: python
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace giphy client with a mock ``giphynavigator/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/aiohttp/giphynavigator/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 32,59,73
-
-Sources
--------
-
-Explore the sources on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/aiohttp>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/application-multiple-containers.rst

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-.. _application-multiple-containers:
-
-Application example (multiple containers)
-=========================================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Inversion of Control,Container,Example,Application,
-              Framework,AWS,boto3,client
-   :description: This example shows how you can create an application using multiple declarative
-                 containers. We build an example Python micro application following the dependency
-                 injection principle. It consists from several services with a domain logic that
-                 have dependencies on database & AWS S3.
-
-This example shows how you can create an application using multiple declarative containers. Using
-multiple declarative containers is a good choice for a large application. For
-building a moderate or a small size application refer to :ref:`application-single-container`.
-
-We build an example micro application following the dependency injection principle. It consists
-of several services with a domain logic. The services have dependencies on database & AWS S3.
-
-.. image:: images/application.png
-    :width: 100%
-    :align: center
-
-Start from the scratch or jump to the section:
-
-.. contents::
-   :local:
-   :backlinks: none
-
-You can find the source code and instructions for running on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/application-multiple-containers>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application consists of an ``example`` package, a configuration file and a ``requirements.txt``
-file.
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── example/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── __main__.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   └── services.py
-   ├── config.yml
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Containers
-----------
-
-Listing of the ``example/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-multiple-containers/example/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Main module
------------
-
-Listing of the ``example/__main__.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-multiple-containers/example/__main__.py
-   :language: python
-
-Services
---------
-
-Listing of the ``example/services.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-multiple-containers/example/services.py
-   :language: python
-
-Configuration
--------------
-
-Listing of the ``config.yml``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-multiple-containers/config.yml
-   :language: yaml
-
-Run the application
--------------------
-
-You can find the source code and instructions for running on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/application-multiple-containers>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/application-single-container.rst

@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-.. _application-single-container:
-
-Application example (single container)
-======================================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Inversion of Control,Container,Example,Application,
-              Framework,AWS,boto3,client
-   :description: This example shows how you can create an application using a single declarative
-                 container. We build an example Python micro application following the dependency
-                 injection principle. It consists from several services with a domain logic that
-                 have dependencies on database & AWS S3.
-
-This example shows how you can create an application using a single declarative container. Using
-a single declarative container is a good choice for small or moderate size application. For
-building a large application refer to :ref:`application-multiple-containers`.
-
-We build an example micro application following the dependency injection principle. It consists
-of several services with a domain logic. The services have dependencies on database & AWS S3.
-
-.. image:: images/application.png
-    :width: 100%
-    :align: center
-
-Start from the scratch or jump to the section:
-
-.. contents::
-   :local:
-   :backlinks: none
-
-You can find the source code and instructions for running on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/application-single-container>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application consists of an ``example`` package, several configuration files and a
-``requirements.txt`` file.
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── example/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── __main__.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   └── services.py
-   ├── config.ini
-   ├── logging.ini
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Container
----------
-
-Listing of the ``example/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-single-container/example/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Main module
------------
-
-Listing of the ``example/__main__.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-single-container/example/__main__.py
-   :language: python
-
-Services
---------
-
-Listing of the ``example/services.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-single-container/example/services.py
-   :language: python
-
-Configuration
--------------
-
-Listing of the ``config.ini``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-single-container/config.ini
-   :language: ini
-
-Listing of the ``logging.ini``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-single-container/logging.ini
-   :language: ini
-
-Run the application
--------------------
-
-You can find the source code and instructions for running on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/application-single-container>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/boto3.rst

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-.. _boto3-example:
-
-Boto3 example
-=============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Boto3,AWS,Amazon Web Services,S3,SQS,Rout53,EC2,Lambda,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of Boto3 AWS client and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `Boto3 <https://github.com/boto/boto3>`_.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/boto3-session>`_.
-
-Listing of ``boto3_session_example.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/boto3-session/boto3_session_example.py
-   :language: python
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/bundles_miniapp.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+Bundles mini application example
+--------------------------------
+
+.. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.containers
+
+"Bundles" is an example mini application that is intended to demonstrate the
+power of dependency injection for creation of re-usable application components
+("bundles") with 100% transparency of their dependencies.
+
+Example application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+"Bundles" mini application has next structure:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    bundles/
+        bundles/               <-- Bundles package
+            photos/            <-- Photos bundle
+                __init__.py    <-- Photos bundle dependency injection container
+                entities.py
+                repositories.py
+            users/             <-- Users bundle
+                __init__.py    <-- Users bundle dependency injection container
+                entities.py
+                repositories.py
+        run.py                 <-- Entrypoint
+
+
+IoC containers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Next two listings show :py:class:`DeclarativeContainer`'s for "users" and 
+"photos" bundles.
+
+Listing of ``bundles/users/__init__.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/bundles/bundles/users/__init__.py
+   :language: python
+
+.. note::
+
+    - ``Users`` container has dependency on database.
+
+Listing of ``bundles/photos/__init__.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/bundles/bundles/photos/__init__.py
+   :language: python
+
+.. note::
+
+    - ``Photos`` container has dependencies on database and file storage.
+
+Run application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Finally, both "bundles" are initialized by providing needed dependencies.
+Initialization of dependencies happens right in the runtime, not earlier.
+Generally, it means, that any part of any bundle could be overridden on the
+fly.
+
+Listing of ``run.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/bundles/run.py
+   :language: python
+
+Links
+~~~~~
+
++ `Dependency Injector <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/>`_
++ `Full example sources <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/bundles>`_
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/examples/chained_factories.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Chained Factories pattern
+=========================
+
+This example demonstrate implementation of "Chained Factories" pattern.
+Main idea of this pattern is about wrapping :py:class:`Factory` into
+another :py:class:`Factory` that mix additional arguments or keyword
+arguments to a wrapped one.
+
+Listing of ``data.py``, demonstrates sample classes structure:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/factory_patterns/data.py
+   :language: python
+
+Listing of ``chained_factories.py``, demonstrates "Chained Factories"
+pattern and provide some explanation:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/factory_patterns/chained_factories.py
+   :language: python
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/examples/decoupled-packages.rst

@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-.. _decoupled-packages:
-
-Decoupled packages example (multiple containers)
-================================================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Inversion of Control,Container,Example,Application,
-              Framework,AWS,boto3,client
-   :description: This example shows how to use Dependency Injector to create Python decoupled packages.
-                 To achieve a decoupling each package has a container with the components. When
-                 a component needs a dependency from the outside of the package scope we use the
-                 Dependency provider. The package container has no knowledge on where the
-                 dependencies come from. It states a need that the dependencies must be provided.
-                 This helps to decouple a package from the 3rd party dependencies and other
-                 packages.
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` to create decoupled packages.
-
-To achieve a decoupling each package has a container with the components. When a component needs a
-dependency from the outside of the package scope we use the ``Dependency`` provider. The package
-container has no knowledge on where the dependencies come from. It states a need that the
-dependencies must be provided. This helps to decouple a package from the 3rd party dependencies
-and other packages.
-
-To wire the packages we use an application container. Application container has all 3rd party
-dependencies and package containers. It wires the packages and dependencies to create a
-complete application.
-
-We build an example micro application that consists of 3 packages:
-
-- ``user`` - a package with user domain logic, depends on a database
-- ``photo`` - a package with photo domain logic, depends on a database and AWS S3
-- ``analytics`` - a package with analytics domain logic, depends on the  ``user`` and ``photo``
-  package components
-
-.. image:: images/decoupled-packages.png
-    :width: 100%
-    :align: center
-
-Start from the scratch or jump to the section:
-
-.. contents::
-   :local:
-   :backlinks: none
-
-You can find the source code and instructions for running on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application consists of an ``example`` package, a configuration file and a ``requirements.txt``
-file.
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── example/
-   │   ├── analytics/
-   │   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   │   └── services.py
-   │   ├── photo/
-   │   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   │   ├── entities.py
-   │   │   └── repositories.py
-   │   ├── user/
-   │   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   │   ├── entities.py
-   │   │   └── repositories.py
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── __main__.py
-   │   └── containers.py
-   ├── config.ini
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Package containers
-------------------
-
-Listing of the ``example/user/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages/example/user/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Listing of the ``example/photo/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages/example/photo/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Listing of the ``example/analytics/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages/example/analytics/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Application container
----------------------
-
-Application container consists of all packages and 3rd party dependencies. Its role is to wire
-everything together in a complete application.
-
-Listing of the ``example/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages/example/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-.. note::
-   Package ``analytics`` has dependencies on the repositories from the ``user`` and
-   ``photo`` packages. This is an example of how you can pass the dependencies from one package
-   to another.
-
-Main module
------------
-Listing of the ``example/__main__.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages/example/__main__.py
-   :language: python
-
-Configuration
--------------
-
-Listing of the ``config.ini``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages/config.ini
-   :language: ini
-
-Run the application
--------------------
-
-You can find the source code and instructions for running on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/django.rst

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-.. _django-example:
-
-Django example
-==============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Django,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the Django and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `Django <https://www.djangoproject.com/>`_.
-
-The example application helps to search for repositories on the Github.
-
-.. image:: images/django.png
-    :width: 100%
-    :align: center
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/django>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has standard Django project structure. It consists of ``githubnavigator`` project package and
-``web`` application package:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── githubnavigator/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── asgi.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   ├── settings.py
-   │   ├── urls.py
-   │   └── wsgi.py
-   ├── web/
-   │   ├── templates/
-   │   │   ├── base.html
-   │   │   └── index.html
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── apps.py
-   │   ├── tests.py
-   │   ├── urls.py
-   │   └── views.py
-   ├── manage.py
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container is defined in ``githubnavigator/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/django/githubnavigator/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Container instance is created in ``githubnavigator/__init__.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/django/githubnavigator/__init__.py
-   :language: python
-
-Views
------
-
-View has dependencies on search service and some config options. The dependencies are injected
-using :ref:`wiring` feature.
-
-Listing of ``web/views.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/django/web/views.py
-   :language: python
-
-App config
-----------
-
-Container is wired to the ``views`` module in the app config ``web/apps.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/django/web/apps.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace github client with a mock ``web/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/django/web/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 39,60
-
-Sources
--------
-
-Explore the sources on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/django>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/factory_of_factories.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Factory of Factories pattern
+============================
+
+This example demonstrate implementation of "Factory of Factories" pattern.
+Main idea of this pattern is about creation of a :py:class:`Factory` that
+creates another :py:class:`Factory` and mix additional arguments to it.
+
+Listing of ``data.py``, demonstrates sample classes structure:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/factory_patterns/data.py
+   :language: python
+
+Listing of ``factory_of_factories.py``, demonstrates "Chained Factories"
+pattern and provide some explanation:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/factory_patterns/factory_of_factories.py
+   :language: python
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/examples/fastapi-redis.rst

@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-.. _fastapi-redis-example:
-
-FastAPI + Redis example
-=======================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,FastAPI,Redis,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the FastAPI, Redis, and Dependency Injector.
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `FastAPI <https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/>`_ and
-`Redis <https://redis.io/>`_.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis>`_.
-
-See also:
-
-- Provider :ref:`async-injections`
-- Resource provider :ref:`resource-async-initializers`
-- Wiring :ref:`async-injections-wiring`
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── fastapiredis/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── application.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── redis.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   └── tests.py
-   ├── docker-compose.yml
-   ├── Dockerfile
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Redis
------
-
-Module ``redis`` defines Redis connection pool initialization and shutdown. See ``fastapiredis/redis.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/redis.py
-   :language: python
-
-Service
--------
-
-Module ``services`` contains example service. Service has a dependency on Redis connection pool.
-It uses it for getting and setting a key asynchronously. Real life service will do something more meaningful.
-See ``fastapiredis/services.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/services.py
-   :language: python
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container wires example service with Redis connection pool. See ``fastapiredis/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Application
------------
-
-Module ``application`` creates ``FastAPI`` app, setup endpoint, and init container.
-
-Endpoint ``index`` has a dependency on example service. The dependency is injected using :ref:`wiring` feature.
-
-Listing of ``fastapiredis/application.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/application.py
-   :language: python
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace example service with a mock. See ``fastapiredis/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 24
-
-Sources
--------
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis>`_.
-
-See also:
-
-- Provider :ref:`async-injections`
-- Resource provider :ref:`resource-async-initializers`
-- Wiring :ref:`async-injections-wiring`
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/fastapi-sqlalchemy.rst

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-.. _fastapi-sqlalchemy-example:
-
-FastAPI + SQLAlchemy example
-============================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,FastAPI,SQLAlchemy,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the FastAPI, SQLAlchemy, and Dependency Injector.
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `FastAPI <https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/>`_ and
-`SQLAlchemy <https://www.sqlalchemy.org/>`_.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy>`_.
-
-Thanks to `@ShvetsovYura <https://github.com/ShvetsovYura>`_ for providing initial example:
-`FastAPI_DI_SqlAlchemy <https://github.com/ShvetsovYura/FastAPI_DI_SqlAlchemy>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── webapp/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── application.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── database.py
-   │   ├── endpoints.py
-   │   ├── models.py
-   │   ├── repositories.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   └── tests.py
-   ├── config.yml
-   ├── docker-compose.yml
-   ├── Dockerfile
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Application factory
--------------------
-
-Application factory creates container, wires it with the ``endpoints`` module, creates
-``FastAPI`` app, and setup routes.
-
-Application factory also creates database if it does not exist.
-
-Listing of ``webapp/application.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/application.py
-   :language: python
-
-Endpoints
----------
-
-Module ``endpoints`` contains example endpoints. Endpoints have a dependency on user service.
-User service is injected using :ref:`wiring` feature. See ``webapp/endpoints.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/endpoints.py
-   :language: python
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container wires example user service, user repository, and utility database class.
-See ``webapp/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Services
---------
-
-Module ``services`` contains example user service. See ``webapp/services.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/services.py
-   :language: python
-
-Repositories
-------------
-
-Module ``repositories`` contains example user repository. See ``webapp/repositories.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/repositories.py
-   :language: python
-
-Models
-------
-
-Module ``models`` contains example SQLAlchemy user model. See ``webapp/models.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/models.py
-   :language: python
-
-Database
---------
-
-Module ``database`` defines declarative base and utility class with engine and session factory.
-See ``webapp/database.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/database.py
-   :language: python
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace repository with a mock. See ``webapp/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 25, 45, 58, 74, 86, 97
-
-Sources
--------
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/fastapi.rst

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-.. _fastapi-example:
-
-FastAPI example
-===============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,FastAPI,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the FastAPI and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `FastAPI <https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/>`_.
-
-The example application is a REST API that searches for funny GIFs on the `Giphy <https://giphy.com/>`_.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/fastapi>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── giphynavigator/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── application.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── endpoints.py
-   │   ├── giphy.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   └── tests.py
-   ├── config.yml
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container is defined in ``giphynavigator/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Endpoints
----------
-
-Endpoint has a dependency on search service. There are also some config options that are used as default values.
-The dependencies are injected using :ref:`wiring` feature.
-
-Listing of ``giphynavigator/endpoints.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/endpoints.py
-   :language: python
-
-Application factory
--------------------
-Application factory creates container, wires it with the ``endpoints`` module, creates
-``FastAPI`` app, and setup routes.
-
-Listing of ``giphynavigator/application.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/application.py
-   :language: python
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace giphy client with a mock ``giphynavigator/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 29,57,72
-
-Sources
--------
-
-Explore the sources on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/fastapi>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/fastdepends.rst

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-.. _fastdepends-example:
-
-FastDepends example
-===================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,FastDepends,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the FastDepends and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example demonstrates how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `FastDepends <https://github.com/Lancetnik/FastDepends>`_, a lightweight dependency injection framework inspired by FastAPI's dependency system, but without the web framework components.
-
-Basic Usage
------------
-
-The integration between FastDepends and Dependency Injector is straightforward. Simply use Dependency Injector's ``Provide`` marker within FastDepends' ``Depends`` function:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    import sys
-
-    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-    from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
-    from fast_depends import Depends
-
-
-    class CoefficientService:
-        @staticmethod
-        def get_coefficient() -> float:
-            return 1.2
-
-
-    class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-        service = providers.Factory(CoefficientService)
-
-
-    @inject
-    def apply_coefficient(
-        a: int,
-        coefficient_provider: CoefficientService = Depends(Provide[Container.service]),
-    ) -> float:
-        return a * coefficient_provider.get_coefficient()
-
-
-    container = Container()
-    container.wire(modules=[sys.modules[__name__]])
-
-    apply_coefficient(100) == 120.0

docs/examples/flask-blueprints.rst

@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-.. _flask-blueprints-example:
-
-Flask blueprints example
-========================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Flask,Blueprints,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the Flask Blueprints and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `Flask <https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/1.1.x/>`_
-blueprints.
-
-The example application helps to search for repositories on the Github.
-
-.. image:: images/flask.png
-    :width: 100%
-    :align: center
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── githubnavigator/
-   │   ├── blueprints
-   │   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   │   └── example.py
-   │   ├── templates
-   │   │   ├── base.html
-   │   │   └── index.py
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── application.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   └── tests.py
-   ├── config.yml
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container is defined in ``githubnavigator/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints/githubnavigator/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Blueprints
-----------
-
-Blueprint's view has dependencies on search service and some config options. The dependencies are injected
-using :ref:`wiring` feature.
-
-Listing of ``githubnavigator/blueprints/example.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints/githubnavigator/blueprints/example.py
-   :language: python
-
-Application factory
--------------------
-
-Application factory creates container, wires it with the blueprints, creates
-``Flask`` app, and setup routes.
-
-Listing of ``githubnavigator/application.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints/githubnavigator/application.py
-   :language: python
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace github client with a mock ``githubnavigator/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints/githubnavigator/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 44,67
-
-Sources
--------
-
-Explore the sources on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/flask.rst

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-.. _flask-example:
-
-Flask example
-=============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Flask,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the Flask and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `Flask <https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/1.1.x/>`_.
-
-The example application helps to search for repositories on the Github.
-
-.. image:: images/flask.png
-    :width: 100%
-    :align: center
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/flask>`_.
-
-:ref:`flask-tutorial` demonstrates how to build this application step-by-step.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── githubnavigator/
-   │   ├── templates
-   │   │   ├── base.html
-   │   │   └── index.py
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── application.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   ├── tests.py
-   │   └── views.py
-   ├── config.yml
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container is defined in ``githubnavigator/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask/githubnavigator/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Views
------
-
-View has dependencies on search service and some config options. The dependencies are injected
-using :ref:`wiring` feature.
-
-Listing of ``githubnavigator/views.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask/githubnavigator/views.py
-   :language: python
-
-Application factory
--------------------
-Application factory creates container, wires it with the ``views`` module, creates
-``Flask`` app and setup routes.
-
-Listing of ``githubnavigator/application.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask/githubnavigator/application.py
-   :language: python
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace github client with a mock ``githubnavigator/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask/githubnavigator/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 44,67
-
-Sources
--------
-
-Explore the sources on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/flask>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/index.rst

@@ -2,26 +2,23 @@ Examples
 ========
 
 .. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Example
-   :description: Python dependency injection examples.
+   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control
+   :description: Current section of documentation is designed to provide 
+                 several example mini applications that are built on the top 
+                 of inversion of control principle and powered by 
+                 "Dependency Injector" framework.
 
-Explore the examples to see the ``Dependency Injector`` in action.
+Current section of documentation is designed to provide several example mini 
+applications that are built according to the inversion of control principle 
+and powered by *Dependency Injector* framework.
 
 ..  toctree::
     :maxdepth: 2
 
-    application-single-container
-    application-multiple-containers
-    decoupled-packages
-    boto3
-    django
-    flask
-    flask-blueprints
-    aiohttp
-    sanic
-    fastapi
-    fastapi-redis
-    fastapi-sqlalchemy
-    fastdepends
-
-.. disqus::
+    services_miniapp_v1
+    services_miniapp_v2
+    bundles_miniapp
+    use_cases_miniapp
+    password_hashing_miniapp
+    chained_factories
+    factory_of_factories

docs/examples/password_hashing_miniapp.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Dependency injection and password hashing in Python
+===================================================
+
+Small example that demonstrates using of dependency injection for user
+password hashing.
+
+Instructions for running:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    python example.py
+
+Listing of ``example.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/password_hashing/example.py
+   :language: python
+
+.. disqus::

docs/examples/sanic.rst

@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-.. _sanic-example:
-
-Sanic example
-==============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Sanic,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the Sanic and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `Sanic <https://sanic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_.
-
-The example application is a REST API that searches for funny GIFs on the `Giphy <https://giphy.com/>`_.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/sanic>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── giphynavigator/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── __main__.py
-   │   ├── application.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── giphy.py
-   │   ├── handlers.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   └── tests.py
-   ├── config.yml
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container is defined in ``giphynavigator/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/sanic/giphynavigator/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Handlers
---------
-
-Handler has dependencies on search service and some config options. The dependencies are injected
-using :ref:`wiring` feature.
-
-Listing of ``giphynavigator/handlers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/sanic/giphynavigator/handlers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Application factory
--------------------
-Application factory creates container, wires it with the ``handlers`` module, creates
-``Sanic`` app and setup routes.
-
-Listing of ``giphynavigator/application.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/sanic/giphynavigator/application.py
-   :language: python
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace giphy client with a mock ``giphynavigator/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/sanic/giphynavigator/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 34,61,75
-
-Sources
--------
-
-Explore the sources on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/sanic>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/services_miniapp_v1.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+Services mini application example (v1 - multiple containers)
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+.. meta::
+   :description: "Services miniapp" is an example mini application that 
+                 consists from several services that have dependencies on 
+                 some standard and 3rd-party libraries for logging, 
+                 interaction with database and remote service via API. 
+                 "Services miniapp" example demonstrates usage of 
+                 Dependency Injector for creating several inversion of control /
+                 dependency injection containers.
+
+"Services miniapp" is an example mini application that consists from several 
+services that have dependencies on some standard and 3rd-party libraries for 
+logging, interaction with database and remote service calls via API.
+
+"Services miniapp" example demonstrates usage of 
+:doc:`Dependency Injector <../index>` for creating several IoC containers.
+
+Instructions for running:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    python run.py 1 secret photo.jpg
+
+Example application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Classes diagram:
+
+.. image:: /images/miniapps/services/classes.png
+    :width: 100%
+    :align: center
+
+
+Example application structure:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    /example
+        /__init__.py
+        /main.py
+        /services.py
+
+
+Listing of ``example/services.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v1/example/services.py
+   :language: python
+
+Listing of ``example/main.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v1/example/main.py
+   :language: python
+
+IoC containers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Listing of ``containers.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v1/containers.py
+   :language: python
+
+Run application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Listing of ``run.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v1/run.py
+   :language: python
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/examples/services_miniapp_v2.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+Services mini application example (v2 - single container)
+---------------------------------------------------------
+
+.. meta::
+   :description: "Services miniapp" is an example mini application that 
+                 consists from several services that have dependencies on 
+                 some standard and 3rd-party libraries for logging, 
+                 interaction with database and remote service via API. 
+                 "Services miniapp" example demonstrates usage of 
+                 Dependency Injector for creating inversion of control /
+                 dependency injection container.
+
+"Services miniapp" is an example mini application that consists from several 
+services that have dependencies on some standard and 3rd-party libraries for 
+logging, interaction with database and remote service calls via API.
+
+"Services miniapp" example demonstrates usage of 
+:doc:`Dependency Injector <../index>` for creating IoC container.
+
+Instructions for running:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    python run.py 1 secret photo.jpg
+
+Example application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Classes diagram:
+
+.. image:: /images/miniapps/services/classes.png
+    :width: 100%
+    :align: center
+
+
+Example application structure:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    /example
+        /__init__.py
+        /main.py
+        /services.py
+
+
+Listing of ``example/services.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v2/example/services.py
+   :language: python
+
+Listing of ``example/main.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v2/example/main.py
+   :language: python
+
+IoC container
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Listing of ``container.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v2/container.py
+   :language: python
+
+Run application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Listing of ``run.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v2/run.py
+   :language: python
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/examples/use_cases_miniapp.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+Use cases mini application example
+----------------------------------
+
+.. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
+
+"Use cases" miniapp demonstrate usage of :py:class:`DependenciesContainer` 
+provider.
+
+Example application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+"Use cases" mini application has next structure:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    use_cases/
+        example/               <-- Example package
+            __init__.py
+            adapters.py
+            use_cases.py
+        containers.py          <-- Dependency injection containers
+        run.py                 <-- Entrypoint
+
+
+IoC containers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Listing of ``use_cases/containers.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/use_cases/containers.py
+   :language: python
+
+Run application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Listing of ``run.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/use_cases/run.py
+   :language: python
+
+Instructions for running:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    python run.py prod example@example.com  # Running in "production" environment
+    python run.py test example@example.com  # Running in "testing" environment
+
+Links
+~~~~~
+
++ `Dependency Injector <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/>`_
++ `Full example sources <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/use_cases>`_
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/index.rst

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ Dependency Injector --- Dependency injection framework for Python
    :description: Dependency Injector is a dependency injection framework
                  for Python. It helps to maintain you application structure.
                  It was designed to be unified, developer-friendly
-                 tool that helps to implement dependency injection design
-                 pattern in formal, pretty, Pythonic way. Dependency Injector
-                 provides implementations of such popular design patterns
-                 like IoC container, Factory and Singleton. Dependency
-                 Injector providers are implemented as C extension types
+                 tool that helps to implement dependency injection design 
+                 pattern in formal, pretty, Pythonic way. Dependency Injector 
+                 provides implementations of such popular design patterns 
+                 like IoC container, Factory and Singleton. Dependency 
+                 Injector providers are implemented as C extension types 
                  using Cython.
 
 .. _index:
@@ -34,15 +34,15 @@ Dependency Injector --- Dependency injection framework for Python
    :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
    :alt: Supported Python implementations
 
-.. image:: https://static.pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector
+.. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector
    :target: https://pepy.tech/project/dependency-injector
    :alt: Downloads
 
-.. image:: https://static.pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector/month
+.. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector/month
    :target: https://pepy.tech/project/dependency-injector
    :alt: Downloads
 
-.. image:: https://static.pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector/week
+.. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector/week
    :target: https://pepy.tech/project/dependency-injector
    :alt: Downloads
 
@@ -50,84 +50,47 @@ Dependency Injector --- Dependency injection framework for Python
    :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
    :alt: Wheel
 
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tests-and-linters.yml?branch=master
-   :target: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/actions
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector.svg?branch=master
+   :target: https://travis-ci.org/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
    :alt: Build Status
 
+.. image:: http://readthedocs.org/projects/python-dependency-injector/badge/?version=latest
+   :target: http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/
+   :alt: Docs Status
+
 .. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/badge.svg?branch=master
    :target: https://coveralls.io/github/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector?branch=master
    :alt: Coverage Status
 
 ``Dependency Injector`` is a dependency injection framework for Python.
 
-It helps implementing the dependency injection principle.
+It stands on two principles:
 
-Key features of the ``Dependency Injector``:
+- Explicit is better than implicit (PEP20).
+- Do no magic to your code.
 
-- **Providers**. Provides ``Factory``, ``Singleton``, ``Callable``, ``Coroutine``, ``Object``,
-  ``List``, ``Dict``, ``Configuration``, ``Resource``, ``Dependency``, and ``Selector`` providers
-  that help assemble your objects. See :ref:`providers`.
-- **Overriding**. Can override any provider by another provider on the fly. This helps in testing
-  and configuring dev/stage environment to replace API clients with stubs etc. See
-  :ref:`provider-overriding`.
-- **Configuration**. Reads configuration from ``yaml``, ``ini``, and ``json`` files, ``pydantic`` settings,
-  environment variables, and dictionaries. See :ref:`configuration-provider`.
-- **Resources**. Helps with initialization and configuring of logging, event loop, thread
-  or process pool, etc. Can be used for per-function execution scope in tandem with wiring.
-  See :ref:`resource-provider`.
-- **Containers**. Provides declarative and dynamic containers. See :ref:`containers`.
-- **Wiring**. Injects dependencies into functions and methods. Helps integrate with
-  other frameworks: Django, Flask, Aiohttp, Sanic, FastAPI, etc. See :ref:`wiring`.
-- **Asynchronous**. Supports asynchronous injections. See :ref:`async-injections`.
-- **Typing**. Provides typing stubs, ``mypy``-friendly. See :ref:`provider-typing`.
-- **Performance**. Fast. Written in ``Cython``.
-- **Maturity**. Mature and production-ready. Well-tested, documented, and supported.
+How does it different from the other frameworks?
 
-.. code-block:: python
+- **No autowiring.** The framework does NOT do any autowiring / autoresolving of the dependencies. You need to specify everything explicitly. Because *"Explicit is better than implicit" (PEP20)*.
+- **Does not pollute your code.** Your application does NOT know and does NOT depend on the framework. No ``@inject`` decorators, annotations, patching or any other magic tricks.
 
-   from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-   from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
+``Dependency Injector`` makes a simple contract with you:
 
+- You tell the framework how to build you code
+- The framework does it for you
 
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+The power of the ``Dependency Injector`` is in its simplicity and straightforwardness. It is a simple tool for the powerful concept.
 
-       config = providers.Configuration()
+With the ``Dependency Injector`` you keep **application structure in one place**.
+This place is called **the container**. You use the container to manage all the components of the
+application. All the component dependencies are defined explicitly. This provides the control on
+the application structure. It is **easy to understand and change** it.
 
-       api_client = providers.Singleton(
-           ApiClient,
-           api_key=config.api_key,
-           timeout=config.timeout,
-       )
-
-       service = providers.Factory(
-           Service,
-           api_client=api_client,
-       )
-
-
-   @inject
-   def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]) -> None:
-       ...
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()
-       container.config.api_key.from_env("API_KEY", required=True)
-       container.config.timeout.from_env("TIMEOUT", as_=int, default=5)
-       container.wire(modules=[__name__])
-
-       main()  # <-- dependency is injected automatically
-
-       with container.api_client.override(mock.Mock()):
-           main()  # <-- overridden dependency is injected automatically
-
-With the ``Dependency Injector``, object assembling is consolidated in the container.
-Dependency injections are defined explicitly.
-This makes it easier to understand and change how the application works.
-
-.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiki/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/img/di-readme.svg
+.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiki/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/img/di-map.svg
    :target: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
 
+*The container is like a map of your application. You always know what depends on what.*
+
 Explore the documentation to know more about the ``Dependency Injector``.
 
 .. _contents:
@@ -135,16 +98,15 @@ Explore the documentation to know more about the ``Dependency Injector``.
 Contents
 --------
 
-.. toctree::
-   :maxdepth: 2
+..  toctree::
+    :maxdepth: 2
 
-   introduction/index
-   examples/index
-   tutorials/index
-   providers/index
-   containers/index
-   wiring
-   examples-other/index
-   api/index
-   main/feedback
-   main/changelog
+    introduction/index
+    main/installation
+    tutorials/index
+    providers/index
+    containers/index
+    examples/index
+    api/index
+    main/feedback
+    main/changelog

docs/introduction/di_in_python.rst

@@ -1,315 +1,153 @@
 Dependency injection and inversion of control in Python
-=======================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------
 
 .. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Example
-   :description: This page describes a usage of the dependency injection and inversion of control
-                 in Python. It contains Python examples that show how to implement dependency
-                 injection. It demonstrates a usage of the dependency injection framework
-                 Dependency Injector, its container, Factory, Singleton and Configuration
-                 providers. The example show how to use Dependency Injector providers overriding
-                 feature for testing or configuring project in different environments and explains
-                 why it's better than monkey-patching.
+   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control
+   :description: This article describes benefits of dependency injection and 
+                 inversion of control for Python applications. Also it 
+                 contains some Python examples that show how dependency 
+                 injection and inversion could be implemented. In addition, it 
+                 demonstrates usage of dependency injection framework, 
+                 IoC container and such popular design pattern as Factory.
+
+History
+~~~~~~~
+
+Originally, dependency injection pattern got popular in languages with static 
+typing, like Java. Dependency injection framework can 
+significantly improve flexibility of the language with static typing. Also,
+implementation of dependency injection framework for language with static 
+typing is not something that one can do shortly, it could be quite complex 
+thing to be done well.
+
+While Python is very flexible interpreted language with dynamic typing, there 
+is a meaning that dependency injection doesn't work for it as well, as it does 
+for Java. Also there is a meaning that dependency injection framework is 
+something that Python developer would not ever need, cause dependency injection
+could be implemented easily using language fundamentals.
+
+Discussion
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+It is true. 
+
+Partly.
+
+Dependency injection, as a software design pattern, has number of 
+advantages that are common for each language (including Python):
+
++ Dependency Injection decreases coupling between a class and its dependency.
++ Because dependency injection doesn't require any change in code behavior it 
+  can be applied to legacy code as a refactoring. The result is clients that 
+  are more independent and that are easier to unit test in isolation using 
+  stubs or mock objects that simulate other objects not under test. This ease 
+  of testing is often the first benefit noticed when using dependency 
+  injection.
++ Dependency injection can be used to externalize a system's configuration 
+  details into configuration files allowing the system to be reconfigured 
+  without recompilation (rebuilding). Separate configurations can be written 
+  for different situations that require different implementations of 
+  components. This includes, but is not limited to, testing.
++ Reduction of boilerplate code in the application objects since all work to 
+  initialize or set up dependencies is handled by a provider component.
++ Dependency injection allows a client to remove all knowledge of a concrete 
+  implementation that it needs to use. This helps isolate the client from the 
+  impact of design changes and defects. It promotes reusability, testability 
+  and maintainability.
++ Dependency injection allows a client the flexibility of being configurable. 
+  Only the client's behavior is fixed. The client may act on anything that 
+  supports the intrinsic interface the client expects.
+
+.. note::
+
+    While improved testability is one the first benefits of using dependency 
+    injection, it could be easily overwhelmed by monkey-patching technique, 
+    that works absolutely great in Python (you can monkey-patch anything, 
+    anytime).  At the same time, monkey-patching has nothing similar with 
+    other advantages defined above. Also monkey-patching technique is 
+    something that could be considered like too dirty to be used in production.
+
+The complexity of dependency injection pattern implementation in Python is 
+definitely quite lower than in other languages (even with dynamic typing). 
+
+.. note:: 
+
+    Low complexity of dependency injection pattern implementation in Python 
+    still means that some code should be written, reviewed, tested and 
+    supported.
+
+Talking about inversion of control, it is a software design principle that 
+also works for each programming language, not depending on its typing type.
+
+Inversion of control is used to increase modularity of the program and make 
+it extensible.
+
+Main design purposes of using inversion of control are:
+
++ To decouple the execution of a task from implementation.
++ To focus a module on the task it is designed for.
++ To free modules from assumptions about how other systems do what they do and 
+  instead rely on contracts.
++ To prevent side effects when replacing a module.
+
+Example
+~~~~~~~
+
+Let's go through next example:
+
+.. image:: /images/miniapps/engines_cars/diagram.png
+    :width: 100%
+    :align: center
+
+Listing of ``example.engines`` module:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/engines_cars/example/engines.py
+   :language: python
+
+Listing of ``example.cars`` module:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/engines_cars/example/cars.py
+   :language: python
 
-Originally dependency injection pattern got popular in languages with static typing like Java.
-Dependency injection is a principle that helps to achieve an inversion of control. A
-dependency injection framework can significantly improve the flexibility of a language
-with static typing. Implementation of a dependency injection framework for a language
-with static typing is not something that one can do quickly. It will be a quite complex thing
-to be done well. And will take time.
+Next example demonstrates creation of several cars with different engines:
 
-Python is an interpreted language with dynamic typing. There is an opinion that dependency
-injection doesn't work for it as well as it does for Java. A lot of the flexibility is already
-built-in. Also, there is an opinion that a dependency injection framework is something that
-Python developer rarely needs. Python developers say that dependency injection can be implemented
-easily using language fundamentals.
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/engines_cars/example_di.py
+   :language: python
+
+While previous example demonstrates advantages of dependency injection, there
+is a disadvantage demonstration as well - creation of car requires additional 
+code for specification of dependencies. Nevertheless, this disadvantage could 
+be easily avoided by using a dependency injection framework for creation of 
+inversion of control container (IoC container).
 
-This page describes the advantages of applying dependency injection in Python. It
-contains Python examples that show how to implement dependency injection. It demonstrates the usage
-of the ``Dependency Injector`` framework, its container, ``Factory``, ``Singleton``,
-and ``Configuration`` providers. The example shows how to use providers' overriding feature
-of ``Dependency Injector`` for testing or re-configuring a project in different environments and
-explains why it's better than monkey-patching.
+Example of creation of several inversion of control containers (IoC containers)
+using :doc:`Dependency Injector <../index>`:
 
-What is dependency injection?
------------------------------
-
-Let's see what the dependency injection is.
-
-Dependency injection is a principle that helps to decrease coupling and increase cohesion.
-
-.. image:: images/coupling-cohesion.png
-
-What is coupling and cohesion?
-
-Coupling and cohesion are about how tough the components are tied.
-
-- **High coupling**. If the coupling is high it's like using superglue or welding. No easy way
-  to disassemble.
-- **High cohesion**. High cohesion is like using screws. Quite easy to disassemble and
-  re-assemble in a different way. It is an opposite to high coupling.
-
-Cohesion often correlates with coupling. Higher cohesion usually leads to lower coupling and vice versa.
-
-Low coupling brings flexibility. Your code becomes easier to change and test.
-
-How to implement the dependency injection?
-
-Objects do not create each other anymore. They provide a way to inject the dependencies instead.
-
-Before:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   import os
-
-
-   class ApiClient:
-
-       def __init__(self) -> None:
-           self.api_key = os.getenv("API_KEY")  # <-- dependency
-           self.timeout = int(os.getenv("TIMEOUT"))  # <-- dependency
-
-
-   class Service:
-
-       def __init__(self) -> None:
-           self.api_client = ApiClient()  # <-- dependency
-
-
-   def main() -> None:
-       service = Service()  # <-- dependency
-       ...
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       main()
-
-After:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   import os
-
-
-   class ApiClient:
-
-       def __init__(self, api_key: str, timeout: int) -> None:
-           self.api_key = api_key  # <-- dependency is injected
-           self.timeout = timeout  # <-- dependency is injected
-
-
-   class Service:
-
-       def __init__(self, api_client: ApiClient) -> None:
-           self.api_client = api_client  # <-- dependency is injected
-
-
-   def main(service: Service) -> None:  # <-- dependency is injected
-       ...
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       main(
-           service=Service(
-               api_client=ApiClient(
-                   api_key=os.getenv("API_KEY"),
-                   timeout=int(os.getenv("TIMEOUT")),
-               ),
-           ),
-       )
-
-``ApiClient`` is decoupled from knowing where the options come from. You can read a key and a
-timeout from a configuration file or even get them from a database.
-
-``Service`` is decoupled from the ``ApiClient``. It does not create it anymore. You can provide a
-stub or other compatible object.
-
-Function ``main()`` is decoupled from ``Service``. It receives it as an argument.
-
-Flexibility comes with a price.
-
-Now you need to assemble and inject the objects like this:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   main(
-       service=Service(
-           api_client=ApiClient(
-               api_key=os.getenv("API_KEY"),
-               timeout=int(os.getenv("TIMEOUT")),
-           ),
-       ),
-   )
-
-The assembly code might get duplicated and it'll become harder to change the application structure.
-
-Here comes the ``Dependency Injector``.
-
-What does the Dependency Injector do?
--------------------------------------
-
-With the dependency injection pattern, objects lose the responsibility of assembling
-the dependencies. The ``Dependency Injector`` absorbs that responsibility.
-
-``Dependency Injector`` helps to assemble and inject the dependencies.
-
-It provides a container and providers that help you with the objects assembly.
-When you need an object you place a ``Provide`` marker as a default value of a
-function argument. When you call this function, framework assembles and injects
-the dependency.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-   from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration()
-
-       api_client = providers.Singleton(
-           ApiClient,
-           api_key=config.api_key,
-           timeout=config.timeout,
-       )
-
-       service = providers.Factory(
-           Service,
-           api_client=api_client,
-       )
-
-
-   @inject
-   def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]) -> None:
-       ...
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()
-       container.config.api_key.from_env("API_KEY", required=True)
-       container.config.timeout.from_env("TIMEOUT", as_=int, default=5)
-       container.wire(modules=[__name__])
-
-       main()  # <-- dependency is injected automatically
-
-       with container.api_client.override(mock.Mock()):
-           main()  # <-- overridden dependency is injected automatically
-
-When you call the ``main()`` function the ``Service`` dependency is assembled and injected automatically.
-
-When you do testing, you call the ``container.api_client.override()`` method to replace the real API
-client with a mock. When you call ``main()``, the mock is injected.
-
-You can override any provider with another provider.
-
-It also helps you in a re-configuring project for different environments: replace an API client
-with a stub on the dev or stage.
-
-Objects assembling is consolidated in a container. Dependency injections are defined explicitly.
-This makes it easier to understand and change how an application works.
-
-Testing, Monkey-patching and dependency injection
--------------------------------------------------
-
-The testability benefit is opposed to monkey-patching.
-
-In Python, you can monkey-patch anything, anytime. The problem with monkey-patching is
-that it's too fragile. The cause of it is that when you monkey-patch you do something that
-wasn't intended to be done. You monkey-patch the implementation details. When implementation
-changes the monkey-patching is broken.
-
-With dependency injection, you patch the interface, not an implementation. This is a way more
-stable approach.
-
-Also, monkey-patching is way too dirty to be used outside of the testing code for
-re-configuring the project for the different environments.
-
-Conclusion
-----------
-
-Dependency injection provides you with three advantages:
-
-- **Flexibility**. The components are loosely coupled. You can easily extend or change the
-  functionality of a system by combining the components in a different way. You even can do it on
-  the fly.
-- **Testability**. Testing is easier because you can easily inject mocks instead of real objects
-  that use API or database, etc.
-- **Clearness and maintainability**. Dependency injection helps you reveal the dependencies.
-  Implicit becomes explicit. And "Explicit is better than implicit" (PEP 20 - The Zen of Python).
-  You have all the components and dependencies defined explicitly in a container. This
-  provides an overview and control of the application structure. It is easier to understand and
-  change it.
-
-Is it worth applying dependency injection in Python?
-
-It depends on what you build. The advantages above are not too important if you use Python as a
-scripting language. The picture is different when you use Python to create an application. The
-larger the application the more significant the benefits.
-
-Is it worth using a framework for applying dependency injection?
-
-The complexity of the dependency injection pattern implementation in Python is
-lower than in other languages but it's still in place. It doesn't mean you have to use a
-framework but using a framework is beneficial because the framework is:
-
-- Already implemented
-- Tested on all platforms and versions of Python
-- Documented
-- Supported
-- Other engineers are familiar with it
-
-An advice at last:
-
-- **Give it a try**. Dependency injection is counter-intuitive. Our nature is that
-  when we need something the first thought that comes to our mind is to go and get it. Dependency
-  injection is just like "Wait, I need to state a need instead of getting something right away".
-  It's like a little investment that will pay-off later. The advice is to just give it a try for
-  two weeks. This time will be enough for getting your own impression. If you don't like it you
-  won't lose too much.
-- **Common sense first**. Use common sense when applying dependency injection. It is a good
-  principle, but not a silver bullet. If you do it too much you will reveal too many of the
-  implementation details. Experience comes with practice and time.
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/engines_cars/example_ioc_containers.py
+   :language: python
 
 What's next?
-------------
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Choose one of the following as a next step:
 
-- Look at the application examples:
-    - :ref:`application-single-container`
-    - :ref:`application-multiple-containers`
-    - :ref:`decoupled-packages`
-    - :ref:`boto3-example`
-    - :ref:`django-example`
-    - :ref:`flask-example`
-    - :ref:`flask-blueprints-example`
-    - :ref:`aiohttp-example`
-    - :ref:`sanic-example`
-    - :ref:`fastapi-example`
-    - :ref:`fastapi-redis-example`
-    - :ref:`fastapi-sqlalchemy-example`
-- Pass the tutorials:
-    - :ref:`flask-tutorial`
-    - :ref:`aiohttp-tutorial`
-    - :ref:`asyncio-daemon-tutorial`
-    - :ref:`cli-tutorial`
-- Know more about the ``Dependency Injector`` :ref:`key-features`
-- Know more about the :ref:`providers`
-- Know more about the :ref:`wiring`
-- Go to the :ref:`contents`
++ Pass one of the dependency injection tutorials:
+    + :ref:`flask-tutorial`
+    + :ref:`aiohttp-tutorial`
+    + :ref:`asyncio-daemon-tutorial`
+    + :ref:`cli-tutorial`
++ Know more about the :ref:`providers`
++ Go to the :ref:`contents`
 
 Useful links
-------------
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-A few useful links related to a dependency injection design pattern for further reading:
+There are some useful links related to dependency injection design pattern 
+that could be used for further reading:
 
 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_injection
 + https://martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html
 + https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
 + https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
 
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
 .. disqus::

docs/introduction/index.rst

@@ -3,16 +3,18 @@ Introduction
 
 .. meta::
    :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control
-   :description: Current section of the documentation is provides an
-                 overview of the dependency injection, inversion of
-                 control and Dependency Injector framework.
+   :description: Current section of documentation is designed to give some 
+                 overview about dependency injection pattern, inversion of 
+                 control principle and "Dependency Injector" framework.
 
-The current section of the documentation provides an overview of the
-dependency injection, inversion of control, and the ``Dependency Injector`` framework.
+Current section of documentation is designed to give some overview about 
+dependency injection pattern, inversion of control principle and 
+*Dependency Injector* framework.
 
 ..  toctree::
     :maxdepth: 2
 
+    what_is_di
     di_in_python
     key_features
-    installation
+    structure

docs/introduction/installation.rst

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-Installation
-============
-
-``Dependency Injector`` is available on `PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/>`_.
-To install the latest version you can use ``pip``:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    pip install dependency-injector
-
-Some modules of the ``Dependency Injector`` are implemented as C extensions.
-``Dependency Injector`` is distributed as a pre-compiled wheels. Wheels are
-available for all supported Python versions on Linux, Windows, and MacOS.
-Linux distribution uses `manylinux <https://github.com/pypa/manylinux>`_.
-
-If there is no appropriate wheel for your environment (Python version and OS)
-installer will compile the package from sources on your machine. You'll need
-a C compiler and Python header files.
-
-To verify the installed version:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    >>> import dependency_injector
-    >>> dependency_injector.__version__
-    '4.39.0'
-
-.. note::
-   When adding ``Dependency Injector`` to ``pyproject.toml`` or ``requirements.txt``
-   don't forget to pin the version to the current major:
-
-   .. code-block:: bash
-
-       dependency-injector>=4.0,<5.0
-
-   *The next major version can be incompatible.*
-
-All releases are available on the `PyPI release history page <https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/#history>`_.
-Each release has an appropriate tag. The tags are available on the
-`GitHub releases page <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/releases>`_.
-
-.. disqus::

docs/introduction/key_features.rst

@@ -1,43 +1,68 @@
-.. _key-features:
-
 Key features
 ------------
 
 .. meta::
    :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control
-   :description: This article describes key features of the Dependency Injector
-                 framework.
+   :description: This article describes key features of "Dependency Injector" 
+                 framework. It also provides some cases and recommendations 
+                 about usage of "Dependency Injector" framework.
 
-Key features of the ``Dependency Injector``:
 
-- **Providers**. Provides ``Factory``, ``Singleton``, ``Callable``, ``Coroutine``, ``Object``,
-  ``List``, ``Dict``, ``Configuration``, ``Resource``, ``Dependency``, and ``Selector`` providers
-  that help assemble your objects. See :ref:`providers`.
-- **Overriding**. Can override any provider by another provider on the fly. This helps in testing
-  and configuring dev/stage environment to replace API clients with stubs etc. See
-  :ref:`provider-overriding`.
-- **Configuration**. Reads configuration from ``yaml``, ``ini``, and ``json`` files, ``pydantic`` settings,
-  environment variables, and dictionaries. See :ref:`configuration-provider`.
-- **Resources**. Helps with initialization and configuring of logging, event loop, thread
-  or process pool, etc. Can be used for per-function execution scope in tandem with wiring.
-  See :ref:`resource-provider`.
-- **Containers**. Provides declarative and dynamic containers. See :ref:`containers`.
-- **Wiring**. Injects dependencies into functions and methods. Helps integrate with
-  other frameworks: Django, Flask, Aiohttp, Sanic, FastAPI, etc. See :ref:`wiring`.
-- **Asynchronous**. Supports asynchronous injections. See :ref:`async-injections`.
-- **Typing**. Provides typing stubs, ``mypy``-friendly. See :ref:`provider-typing`.
-- **Performance**. Fast. Written in ``Cython``.
-- **Maturity**. Mature and production-ready. Well-tested, documented, and supported.
+``Dependency Injector`` is a dependency injection framework for Python.
+It was designed to be a unified and developer-friendly tool that helps
+implement a dependency injection design pattern in a formal, pretty, and
+Pythonic way.
 
-The framework stands on the `PEP20 (The Zen of Python) <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/>`_ principle:
+It stands on two principles:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+- Explicit is better than implicit (PEP20).
+- Do no magic to your code.
 
-   Explicit is better than implicit
+How does it different from the other frameworks?
 
-You need to specify how to assemble and where to inject the dependencies explicitly.
+- **No autowiring.** The framework does NOT do any autowiring / autoresolving of the dependencies. You need to specify everything explicitly. Because *"Explicit is better than implicit" (PEP20)*.
+- **Does not pollute your code.** Your application does NOT know and does NOT depend on the framework. No ``@inject`` decorators, annotations, patching or any other magic tricks.
 
-The power of the framework is in its simplicity.
-``Dependency Injector`` is a simple tool for the powerful concept.
+``Dependency Injector`` makes a simple contract with you:
+
+- You tell the framework how to build you code
+- The framework does it for you
+
+The power of the ``Dependency Injector`` is in its simplicity and straightforwardness. It is a simple tool for the powerful concept.
+
+The key features of the ``Dependency Injector`` framework are:
+
++ Easy, smart, and Pythonic style.
++ Does NOT pollute client code.
++ Obvious and clear structure.
++ Extensibility and flexibility.
++ High performance.
++ Memory efficiency.
++ Thread safety.
++ Documented.
++ Semantically versioned.
++ Distributed as pre-compiled wheels.
+
+``Dependency Injector`` containers and providers are implemented as C extension
+types using ``Cython``.
+
+``Dependency Injector`` framework can be used in the different application types:
+
++ Web applications based on the ``Flask``, ``Django`` or any other web framework.
++ Asynchronous applications ``asyncio``, ``aiohttp``, ``Tornado``, or ``Twisted``.
++ Standalone frameworks and libraries.
++ GUI applications.
+
+``Dependency Injector`` framework can be integrated on the different project
+stages:
+
++ It can be used in the beginning of the development of a new application.
++ It can be integrated into application that is on its active development stage.
++ It can be used for refactoring of legacy application.
+
+Components of ``Dependency Injector`` framework could be used:
+
++ In composition with each other.
++ Independently from each other.
 
 .. disqus::

docs/introduction/structure.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+Structure of Dependency Injector
+--------------------------------
+
+.. meta::
+   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control
+   :description: This article describes "Dependency Injector" framework 
+                 components and their interaction between each other. 
+                 Providers and containers are the former components of 
+                 the framework.
+
+Current section describes *Dependency Injector* main entities and their 
+interaction between each other.
+
+.. image:: /images/internals.png
+    :width: 100%
+    :align: center
+
+There are 2 main entities: providers & containers.
+
+Providers
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+Providers are strategies of accessing objects. For example, 
+:py:class:`dependency_injector.providers.Factory` creates new instance 
+of provided class every time it is called. 
+:py:class:`dependency_injector.providers.Singleton` creates provided 
+instance once and returns it on every next call. Base class is - 
+:py:class:`dependency_injector.providers.Provider`.
+
+Providers could be:
+
++ Injected into each other.
++ Overridden by each other.
++ Extended.
+
+Containers 
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Containers are collections of providers. They are used for grouping 
+of providers by some principles. Base class is - 
+:py:class:`dependency_injector.containers.DeclarativeContainer`.
+
+Containers could be:
+
++ Overridden by each other.
++ Copied from each other.
++ Extended.
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/introduction/what_is_di.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+What is dependency injection and inversion of control?
+------------------------------------------------------
+
+.. meta::
+   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control
+   :description: This article provides definition of dependency injection, 
+                 inversion of control and dependency inversion. It contains 
+                 example code in Python that is refactored to be following 
+                 inversion of control principle.
+
+Definition
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Wikipedia provides quite good definitions of dependency injection pattern
+and related principles:
+
+.. glossary::
+
+    `Dependency injection`_
+        In software engineering, dependency injection is a software design 
+        pattern that implements inversion of control for resolving 
+        dependencies. A dependency is an object that can be used (a service). 
+        An injection is the passing of a dependency to a dependent object (a 
+        client) that would use it. The service is made part of the client's 
+        state. Passing the service to the client, rather than allowing a 
+        client to build or find the service, is the fundamental requirement of 
+        the pattern.
+
+        Dependency injection allows a program design to follow the dependency 
+        inversion principle. The client delegates to external code (the 
+        injector) the responsibility of providing its dependencies. The client 
+        is not allowed to call the injector code. It is the injecting code 
+        that constructs the services and calls the client to inject them. This 
+        means the client code does not need to know about the injecting code. 
+        The client does not need to know how to construct the services. The 
+        client does not need to know which actual services it is using. The 
+        client only needs to know about the intrinsic interfaces of the 
+        services because these define how the client may use the services. 
+        This separates the responsibilities of use and construction.
+
+    `Inversion of control`_
+        In software engineering, inversion of control (IoC) describes a design 
+        in which custom-written portions of a computer program receive the 
+        flow of control from a generic, reusable library. A software 
+        architecture with this design inverts control as compared to 
+        traditional procedural programming: in traditional programming, the 
+        custom code that expresses the purpose of the program calls into 
+        reusable libraries to take care of generic tasks, but with inversion 
+        of control, it is the reusable code that calls into the custom, or 
+        task-specific, code.
+
+        Inversion of control is used to increase modularity of the program and 
+        make it extensible, and has applications in object-oriented 
+        programming and other programming paradigms. The term was popularized 
+        by Robert C. Martin and Martin Fowler.
+
+        The term is related to, but different from, the dependency inversion 
+        principle, which concerns itself with decoupling dependencies between 
+        high-level and low-level layers through shared abstractions.
+
+    `Dependency inversion`_
+        In object-oriented programming, the dependency inversion principle 
+        refers to a specific form of decoupling software modules. When 
+        following this principle, the conventional dependency relationships 
+        established from high-level, policy-setting modules to low-level, 
+        dependency modules are reversed, thus rendering high-level modules 
+        independent of the low-level module implementation details. The 
+        principle states:
+
+            + High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. 
+              Both should depend on abstractions.
+            + Abstractions should not depend on details. 
+              Details should depend on abstractions.
+
+        The principle inverts the way some people may think about 
+        object-oriented design, dictating that both high- and low-level 
+        objects must depend on the same abstraction. 
+
+Example
+~~~~~~~
+
+Let's go through the code of ``example.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/di_demo/example.py
+   :language: python
+
+At some point, things defined above mean, that the code from ``example.py``,
+could look different, like in ``example_di.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/di_demo/example_di.py
+   :language: python
+
+Best explanation, ever
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Some times ago `user198313`_ posted awesome `question`_ about dependency 
+injection on `StackOverflow`_:
+
+.. note:: 
+
+    How to explain dependency injection to a 5-year-old?
+
+And `John Munsch`_ provided absolutely Great answer:
+
+.. note:: 
+
+    When you go and get things out of the refrigerator for yourself, you can 
+    cause problems. You might leave the door open, you might get something 
+    Mommy or Daddy doesn't want you to have. You might even be looking for 
+    something we don't even have or which has expired.
+
+    What you should be doing is stating a need, "I need something to drink 
+    with lunch," and then we will make sure you have something when you sit 
+    down to eat.
+
+
+.. disqus::
+
+
+.. _Dependency injection: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_injection
+.. _Inversion of control: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inversion_of_control
+.. _Dependency inversion: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_inversion_principle
+.. _StackOverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/
+.. _question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1638919/how-to-explain-dependency-injection-to-a-5-year-old/1639186
+.. _user198313: http://stackoverflow.com/users/198313/user198313
+.. _John Munsch: http://stackoverflow.com/users/31899/john-munsch

docs/main/feedback.rst

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 Feedback
 ========
 
-To post a question, bug report, a feature proposal or get some help open a
-`Github Issue <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues>`_ or leave a comment
-below.
+Feel free to post questions, bugs, feature requests, proposals etc. on
+*Dependency Injector*  GitHub Issues:
+
+    https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues
+
+Your feedback is quite important!
+
 
 .. disqus::

docs/main/installation.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+Installation
+============
+
+*Dependency Injector* framework is distributed by PyPi_.
+
+Latest stable version (and all previous versions) of *Dependency Injector* 
+framework can be installed from PyPi_:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    pip install dependency-injector
+
+.. note::
+    Some components of *Dependency Injector* are implemented as C extension types. 
+    *Dependency Injector* is distributed as an archive with a source code, so 
+    C compiler and Python header files are required for the installation.
+
+Sources can be cloned from GitHub_:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    git clone https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector.git
+
+Also all *Dependency Injector* releases can be downloaded from 
+`GitHub releases page`_.
+
+Verification of currently installed version could be done using 
+:py:obj:`dependency_injector.VERSION` constant:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    >>> import dependency_injector
+    >>> dependency_injector.__version__
+    '3.15.2'
+
+.. _PyPi: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
+.. _GitHub: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
+.. _GitHub releases page: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/releases
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/providers/aggregate.rst

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-.. _aggregate-provider:
-
-Aggregate provider
-==================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Configuration,Injection,
-              Aggregate,Polymorphism,Environment Variable,Flexibility
-   :description: Aggregate provider aggregates other providers.
-                 This page demonstrates how to implement the polymorphism and increase the
-                 flexibility of your application using the Aggregate provider.
-
-:py:class:`Aggregate` provider aggregates a group of other providers.
-
-.. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/aggregate.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 24-27
-
-Each provider in the ``Aggregate`` is associated with a key. You can call aggregated providers by providing
-their key as a first argument. All positional and keyword arguments following the key will be forwarded to
-the called provider:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   yaml_reader = container.config_readers("yaml", "./config.yml", foo=...)
-
-You can also retrieve an aggregated provider by providing its key as an attribute name:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   yaml_reader = container.config_readers.yaml("./config.yml", foo=...)
-
-To retrieve a dictionary of aggregated providers, use ``.providers`` attribute:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container.config_readers.providers == {
-       "yaml": <YAML provider>,
-       "json": <JSON provider>,
-   }
-
-.. note::
-   You can not override the ``Aggregate`` provider.
-
-.. note::
-   When you inject the ``Aggregate`` provider, it is passed "as is".
-
-To use non-string keys or string keys with ``.`` and ``-``, provide a dictionary as a positional argument:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   aggregate = providers.Aggregate({
-       SomeClass: providers.Factory(...),
-       "key.with.periods": providers.Factory(...),
-       "key-with-dashes": providers.Factory(...),
-   })
-
-.. seealso::
-   :ref:`selector-provider` to make injections based on a configuration value, environment variable, or a result of a callable.
-
-   ``Aggregate`` provider is different from the :ref:`selector-provider`. ``Aggregate`` provider doesn't select which provider
-   to inject and doesn't have a selector. It is a group of providers and is always injected "as is". The rest of the interface
-   of both providers is similar.
-
-.. note::
-   ``Aggregate`` provider is a successor of :ref:`factory-aggregate-provider` provider. ``Aggregate`` provider doesn't have
-   a restriction on the provider type, while ``FactoryAggregate`` aggregates only ``Factory`` providers.
-
-.. disqus::

docs/providers/async.rst

@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-.. _async-injections:
-
-Asynchronous injections
-=======================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Providers,Async,Injections,Asynchronous,Await,
-              Asyncio
-   :description: Dependency Injector providers support asynchronous injections. This page
-                 demonstrates how make asynchronous dependency injections in Python.
-
-Providers support asynchronous injections.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/async.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 26-29
-   :lines: 3-
-
-If provider has any awaitable injections it switches into async mode. In async mode provider always returns awaitable.
-This causes a cascade effect:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   provider1()              <── Async mode enabled <──┐
-   │                                                  │
-   ├──> provider2()                                   │
-   │                                                  │
-   ├──> provider3()         <── Async mode enabled <──┤
-   │    │                                             │
-   │    └──> provider4()    <── Async provider ───────┘
-   │
-   └──> provider5()
-        │
-        └──> provider6()
-
-In async mode provider prepares injections asynchronously.
-
-If provider has multiple awaitable dependencies, it will run them concurrently. Provider will wait until all
-dependencies are ready and inject them afterwards.
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   provider1()
-   │
-   ├──> provider2()         <── Async mode enabled
-   │
-   ├──> provider3()         <── Async mode enabled
-   │
-   └──> provider4()         <── Async mode enabled
-
-Here is what provider will do for the previous example:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   injections = await asyncio.gather(
-       provider2(),
-       provider3(),
-       provider4(),
-   )
-   await provider1(*injections)
-
-Overriding behaviour
---------------------
-
-In async mode provider always returns awaitable. It applies to the overriding too. If provider in async mode is
-overridden by a provider that doesn't return awaitable result, the result will be wrapped into awaitable.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/async_overriding.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 19-24
-   :lines: 3-
-
-Async mode mechanics and API
-----------------------------
-
-By default provider's async mode is undefined.
-
-When provider async mode is undefined, provider will automatically select the mode during the next call.
-If the result is awaitable, provider will enable async mode, if not - disable it.
-
-If provider async mode is enabled, provider always returns awaitable. If the result is not awaitable,
-provider wraps it into awaitable explicitly. You can safely ``await`` provider in async mode.
-
-If provider async mode is disabled, provider behaves the regular way. It doesn't do async injections
-preparation or non-awaitables to awaitables conversion.
-
-Once provider async mode is enabled or disabled, provider will stay in this state. No automatic switching
-will be done.
-
-.. image:: images/async_mode.png
-
-You can also use following methods to change provider's async mode manually:
-
-- ``Provider.enable_async_mode()``
-- ``Provider.disable_async_mode()``
-- ``Provider.reset_async_mode()``
-
-To check the state of provider's async mode use:
-
-- ``Provider.is_async_mode_enabled()``
-- ``Provider.is_async_mode_disabled()``
-- ``Provider.is_async_mode_undefined()``
-
-See also:
-
-- Wiring :ref:`async-injections-wiring`
-- Resource provider :ref:`resource-async-initializers`
-- :ref:`fastapi-redis-example`
-
-.. disqus::

docs/providers/callable.rst

@@ -1,20 +1,69 @@
-Callable provider
-=================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Function,Method,Example
-   :description: Callable provider helps to make dependencies injection into functions. This page
-                 demonstrates how to use a Callable provider.
+Callable providers
+------------------
 
 .. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
 
-:py:class:`Callable` provider calls a function, a method or another callable.
+:py:class:`Callable` provider calls wrapped callable on every call.
 
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/callable.py
+Callable providers and injections
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:py:class:`Callable` provider takes a various number of positional and keyword 
+arguments that are used as wrapped callable injections. Every time, when 
+:py:class:`Callable` provider is called, positional and keyword argument 
+injections would be passed as callable arguments.
+
+Injections are done according to the next rules:
+
++ All providers (instances of :py:class:`Provider`) are called every time 
+  when injection needs to be done.
++ Providers could be injected "as is" (delegated), if it is defined obviously.
+  Check out :ref:`callable_providers_delegation`.
++ All other injectable values are provided *"as is"*.
++ Positional context arguments will be appended after :py:class:`Callable` 
+  positional injections.
++ Keyword context arguments have priority on :py:class:`Callable` keyword 
+  injections and will be merged over them.
+
+Example that shows usage of :py:class:`Callable` with positional argument 
+injections:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/callable_args.py
    :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
 
-``Callable`` provider handles an injection of the dependencies the same way like a
-:ref:`factory-provider`.
+Next one example shows usage of :py:class:`Callable` with keyword argument 
+injections:
+
+.. image:: /images/providers/callable.png
+    :width: 100%
+    :align: center
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/callable_kwargs.py
+   :language: python
+
+.. _callable_providers_delegation:
+
+Callable providers delegation
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:py:class:`Callable` provider could be delegated to any other provider via 
+any kind of injection. 
+
+Delegation of :py:class:`Callable` providers is the same as 
+:py:class:`Factory` providers delegation, please follow 
+:ref:`factory_providers_delegation` section for examples (with exception 
+of using :py:class:`DelegatedCallable` instead of
+:py:class:`DelegatedFactory`).
+
+Abstract callable providers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:py:class:`AbstractCallable` provider is a :py:class:`Callable` provider that
+must be explicitly overridden before calling.
+
+Behaviour of :py:class:`AbstractCallable` providers is the same as of
+:py:class:`AbstractFactory`, please follow :ref:`abstract_factory_providers`
+section for examples (with exception of using :py:class:`AbstractCallable`
+provider instead of :py:class:`AbstractFactory`).
 
 .. disqus::

docs/providers/configuration.rst

@@ -1,18 +1,5 @@
-.. _configuration-provider:
-
-Configuration provider
-======================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Configuration,Injection,
-              Option,Ini,Json,Yaml,Pydantic,Dict,Environment Variable Interpolation,
-              Environment Variable Substitution,Environment Variable in Config,
-              Environment Variable in YAML file,Environment Variable in INI file,Default,Load,Read
-   :description: Configuration provides configuration options to the other providers. This page
-                 demonstrates how to use Configuration provider to inject the dependencies, load
-                 a configuration from an ini or yaml file, a dictionary, an environment variable,
-                 or a pydantic settings object. This page also describes how to substitute (interpolate)
-                 environment variables in YAML and INI configuration files.
+Configuration providers
+-----------------------
 
 .. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
 
@@ -20,560 +7,123 @@ Configuration provider
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration.py
    :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 7,12-13
-   :lines: 3-
+   :emphasize-lines: 4,9-10
+   :lines: 4-14
 
-It implements the principle "use first, define later".
+It implements "use first, define later" principle.
 
-.. contents::
-   :local:
-   :backlinks: none
+Loading from ``ini`` file
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Loading from an INI file
-------------------------
-
-``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from an ``ini`` file using the
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_ini` method:
+:py:class:`Configuration` provider can load configuration from ``ini`` file using
+:py:meth:`Configuration.from_ini`:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_ini.py
    :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
+   :lines: 3-5,6-
+   :emphasize-lines: 6
 
 where ``examples/providers/configuration/config.ini`` is:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/config.ini
    :language: ini
 
-Alternatively, you can provide a path to the INI file over the configuration provider argument. In that case,
-the container will call ``config.from_ini()`` automatically:
+:py:meth:`Configuration.from_ini` supports environment variables interpolation. Use
+``${ENV_NAME}`` format in the configuration file to substitute value of environment
+variable ``ENV_NAME``.
 
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
+Loading from ``yaml`` file
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration(ini_files=["./config.ini"])
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()  # Config is loaded from ./config.ini
-
-
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_ini` method supports environment variables interpolation.
-
-.. code-block:: ini
-
-   [section]
-   option1 = ${ENV_VAR}
-   option2 = ${ENV_VAR}/path
-   option3 = ${ENV_VAR:default}
-
-See also: :ref:`configuration-envs-interpolation`.
-
-Loading from a YAML file
-------------------------
-
-``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from a ``yaml`` file using the
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_yaml` method:
+:py:class:`Configuration` provider can load configuration from ``yaml`` file using
+:py:meth:`Configuration.from_yaml`:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_yaml.py
    :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
+   :lines: 3-5,6-
+   :emphasize-lines: 6
 
 where ``examples/providers/configuration/config.yml`` is:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/config.yml
    :language: ini
 
-Alternatively, you can provide a path to the YAML file over the configuration provider argument. In that case,
-the container will call ``config.from_yaml()`` automatically:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration(yaml_files=["./config.yml"])
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()  # Config is loaded from ./config.yml
-
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_yaml` method supports environment variables interpolation.
-
-.. code-block:: ini
-
-   section:
-     option1: ${ENV_VAR}
-     option2: ${ENV_VAR}/path
-     option3: ${ENV_VAR:default}
-
-See also: :ref:`configuration-envs-interpolation`.
-
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_yaml` method uses custom version of ``yaml.SafeLoader``.
-To use another loader use ``loader`` argument:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   import yaml
-
-
-   container.config.from_yaml("config.yml", loader=yaml.UnsafeLoader)
+:py:meth:`Configuration.from_yaml` supports environment variables interpolation. Use
+``${ENV_NAME}`` format in the configuration file to substitute value of environment
+variable ``ENV_NAME``.
 
 .. note::
 
-   Loading of a yaml configuration requires ``PyYAML`` package.
+    Loading configuration from yaml requires ``PyYAML`` package. You can install
+    `Dependency Injector` with extras ``pip install dependency-injector[yaml]`` or install
+    ``PyYAML`` separately  ``pip install pyyaml``.
 
-   You can install the ``Dependency Injector`` with an extra dependency::
+Loading from ``dict``
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-      pip install dependency-injector[yaml]
-
-   or install ``PyYAML`` directly::
-
-      pip install pyyaml
-
-   *Don't forget to mirror the changes in the requirements file.*
-
-Loading from a JSON file
-------------------------
-
-``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from a ``json`` file using the
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_json` method:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_json.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
-
-where ``examples/providers/configuration/config.json`` is:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/config.json
-   :language: json
-
-Alternatively, you can provide a path to a json file over the configuration provider argument. In that case,
-the container will call ``config.from_json()`` automatically:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration(json_files=["./config.json"])
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()  # Config is loaded from ./config.json
-
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_json` method supports environment variables interpolation.
-
-.. code-block:: json
-
-   {
-       "section": {
-           "option1": "${ENV_VAR}",
-           "option2": "${ENV_VAR}/path",
-           "option3": "${ENV_VAR:default}"
-       }
-   }
-
-See also: :ref:`configuration-envs-interpolation`.
-
-Loading from a Pydantic settings
---------------------------------
-
-``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from a ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings`` object using the
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_pydantic` method:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_pydantic.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 32
-
-To get the data from pydantic settings ``Configuration`` provider calls its ``model_dump()`` method.
-If you need to pass an argument to this call, use ``.from_pydantic()`` keyword arguments.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container.config.from_pydantic(Settings(), exclude={"optional"})
-
-Alternatively, you can provide a ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings`` object over the configuration provider argument. In that case,
-the container will call ``config.from_pydantic()`` automatically:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration(pydantic_settings=[Settings()])
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()  # Config is loaded from Settings()
-
-
-.. note::
-
-   ``Dependency Injector`` doesn't install ``pydantic-settings`` by default.
-
-   You can install the ``Dependency Injector`` with an extra dependency::
-
-      pip install dependency-injector[pydantic2]
-
-   or install ``pydantic-settings`` directly::
-
-      pip install pydantic-settings
-
-   *Don't forget to mirror the changes in the requirements file.*
-
-.. note::
-
-   For backward-compatibility, Pydantic v1 is still supported.
-   Passing ``pydantic.BaseSettings`` instances will work just as fine as ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings``.
-
-Loading from a dictionary
--------------------------
-
-``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from a Python ``dict`` using the
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_dict` method:
+:py:class:`Configuration` provider can load configuration from Python ``dict`` using
+:py:meth:`Configuration.from_dict`:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_dict.py
    :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12-19
+   :lines: 3-5,6-
+   :emphasize-lines: 6-13
 
-Loading from an environment variable
-------------------------------------
+Loading from environment variable
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from an environment variable using the
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_env` method:
+:py:class:`Configuration` provider can load configuration from environment variable using
+:py:meth:`Configuration.from_env`:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_env.py
    :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 18-20
+   :lines: 5-7,13-21
+   :emphasize-lines: 6-8
 
-You can use ``as_`` argument for the type casting of an environment variable value:
+Loading from multiple sources
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 2,6,10
-
-   # API_KEY=secret
-   container.config.api_key.from_env("API_KEY", as_=str, required=True)
-   assert container.config.api_key() == "secret"
-
-   # SAMPLING_RATIO=0.5
-   container.config.sampling.from_env("SAMPLING_RATIO", as_=float, required=True)
-   assert container.config.sampling() == 0.5
-
-   # TIMEOUT undefined, default is used
-   container.config.timeout.from_env("TIMEOUT", as_=int, default=5)
-   assert container.config.timeout() == 5
-
-
-Loading a value
----------------
-
-``Configuration`` provider can load configuration value using the
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_value` method:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_value.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 14-15
-
-Loading from the multiple sources
----------------------------------
-
-``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from the multiple sources. Loaded
-configuration is merged recursively over the existing configuration.
+:py:class:`Configuration` provider can load configuration from multiple sources. Loaded
+configuration is merged recursively over existing configuration.
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_multiple.py
    :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12-13
+   :lines: 3-5,6-14
+   :emphasize-lines: 6-7
 
 where ``examples/providers/configuration/config.local.yml`` is:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/config.local.yml
    :language: ini
 
-.. _configuration-envs-interpolation:
-
-Using environment variables in configuration files
---------------------------------------------------
-
-``Configuration`` provider supports environment variables interpolation in configuration files.
-Use ``${ENV_NAME}`` in the configuration file to substitute value from environment
-variable ``ENV_NAME``.
-
-.. code-block:: ini
-
-   section:
-     option: ${ENV_NAME}
-
-You can also specify a default value using ``${ENV_NAME:default}`` format. If environment
-variable ``ENV_NAME`` is undefined, configuration provider will substitute value ``default``.
-
-.. code-block:: ini
-
-   [section]
-   option = ${ENV_NAME:default}
-
-If you'd like to specify a default value for environment variable inside of the application you can use
-``os.environ.setdefault()``.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_env_interpolation_os_default.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
-
-If environment variable is undefined and doesn't have a default, ``Configuration`` provider
-will replace it with an empty value. This is a default behavior. To raise an error on
-undefined environment variable that doesn't have a default value, pass argument
-``envs_required=True`` to a configuration reading method:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container.config.from_yaml("config.yml", envs_required=True)
-
-See also: :ref:`configuration-strict-mode`.
-
-.. note::
-   ``Configuration`` provider makes environment variables interpolation before parsing. This preserves
-   original parser behavior. For instance, undefined environment variable in YAML configuration file
-   will be replaced with an empty value and then YAML parser will load the file.
-
-   Original configuration file:
-
-   .. code-block:: ini
-
-      section:
-        option: ${ENV_NAME}
-
-   Configuration file after interpolation where ``ENV_NAME`` is undefined:
-
-   .. code-block:: ini
-
-      section:
-        option:
-
-   Configuration provider after parsing interpolated YAML file contains ``None`` in
-   option ``section.option``:
-
-   .. code-block:: python
-
-      assert container.config.section.option() is None
-
-If you want to disable environment variables interpolation, pass ``envs_required=None``:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-   :caption: templates.yml
-
-   template_string: 'Hello, ${name}!'
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   >>> container.config.from_yaml("templates.yml", envs_required=None)
-   >>> container.config.template_string()
-   'Hello, ${name}!'
-
-Mandatory and optional sources
-------------------------------
-
-By default, methods ``.from_yaml()`` and ``.from_ini()`` ignore errors if configuration file does not exist.
-You can use this to specify optional configuration files.
-
-If configuration file is mandatory, use ``required`` argument. Configuration provider will raise an error
-if required file does not exist.
-
-You can also use ``required`` argument when loading configuration from dictionaries and environment variables.
-
-Mandatory YAML file:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container.config.from_yaml("config.yaml", required=True)
-
-Mandatory INI file:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container.config.from_ini("config.ini", required=True)
-
-Mandatory dictionary:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container.config.from_dict(config_dict, required=True)
-
-Mandatory environment variable:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container.config.api_key.from_env("API_KEY", required=True)
-
-See also: :ref:`configuration-strict-mode`.
-
-Specifying the value type
--------------------------
+Specifying value type
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 You can specify the type of the injected configuration value explicitly.
 
-This helps when you read the value from an ini file or an environment variable and need to
+This helps when you read the value from the ini file or the environment variable and need to
 convert it into an ``int`` or a ``float``.
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_type.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 19
+   :emphasize-lines: 17
 
-``Configuration`` provider has next helper methods:
+:py:class:`Configuration` provider has next helper methods:
 
 - ``.as_int()``
 - ``.as_float()``
 - ``.as_(callback, *args, **kwargs)``
 
-The last method ``.as_(callback, *args, **kwargs)`` helps to implement other conversions.
+The last method ``.as_(callback, *args, **kwargs)`` helps to implement a other conversions.
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_type_custom.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 18
+   :emphasize-lines: 16
 
-With the ``.as_(callback, *args, **kwargs)`` you can specify a function that will be called
+With the ``.as_(callback, *args, **kwargs)`` you can specify the function that will be called
 before the injection. The value from the config will be passed as a first argument. The returned
 value will be injected. Parameters ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are handled as any other injections.
 
-.. _configuration-strict-mode:
-
-Strict mode and required options
---------------------------------
-
-You can use configuration provider in strict mode. In strict mode configuration provider raises an error
-on access to any undefined option.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_strict.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
-
-Methods ``.from_*()`` in strict mode raise an exception if configuration file does not exist or
-configuration data is undefined:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 10,15,20,25,30
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration(strict=True)
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()
-
-       try:
-           container.config.from_yaml("does-not_exist.yml")  # raise exception
-       except FileNotFoundError:
-           ...
-
-       try:
-           container.config.from_ini("does-not_exist.ini")  # raise exception
-       except FileNotFoundError:
-           ...
-
-       try:
-           container.config.from_pydantic(EmptySettings())  # raise exception
-       except ValueError:
-           ...
-
-       try:
-           container.config.from_env("UNDEFINED_ENV_VAR")  # raise exception
-       except ValueError:
-           ...
-
-       try:
-           container.config.from_dict({})  # raise exception
-       except ValueError:
-           ...
-
-Environment variables interpolation in strict mode raises an exception when encounters
-an undefined environment variable without a default value.
-
-.. code-block:: ini
-
-   section:
-     option: ${UNDEFINED}
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-       try:
-           container.config.from_yaml("undefined_env.yml")  # raise exception
-       except ValueError:
-           ...
-
-You can override ``.from_*()`` methods behaviour in strict mode using ``required`` argument:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration(strict=True)
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()
-
-       container.config.from_yaml("config.yml")
-       container.config.from_yaml("config.local.yml", required=False)
-
-You can also use ``.required()`` option modifier when making an injection. It does not require to switch
-configuration provider to strict mode.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_required.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 11-20
-   :emphasize-lines: 8-9
-
-.. note::
-
-   Modifier ``.required()`` should be specified before type modifier ``.as_*()``.
-
-Aliases
--------
-
-You can use ``Configuration`` provider with a context manager to create aliases.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_alias.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 14,22
-
-.. note::
-
-   Library ``environs`` is a 3rd party library. You need to install it
-   separately::
-
-      pip install environs
-
-   Documentation is available on GitHub: https://github.com/sloria/environs
-
-Injecting invariants
---------------------
-
-You can inject invariant configuration options based on the value of the other configuration
-option.
-
-To use that you should provide the switch-value as an item of the configuration option that
-contains sections ``config.options[config.switch]``:
-
-- When the value of the ``config.switch`` is ``A``, the ``config.options.A`` is injected
-- When the value of the ``config.switch`` is ``B``, the ``config.options.B`` is injected
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_itemselector.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 15,30-31,38
-
 .. disqus::

docs/providers/coroutine.rst

@@ -1,27 +1,72 @@
-Coroutine provider
-==================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Coroutine,Asynchronous,
-              Asyncio,Example
-   :description: Coroutine provider creates a coroutine. This page demonstrates how to use a
-                 Coroutine provider.
+Coroutine providers
+-------------------
 
 .. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
 
-:py:class:`Coroutine` provider creates a coroutine.
+:py:class:`Coroutine` provider create wrapped coroutine on every call.
 
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/coroutine.py
+:py:class:`Coroutine` provider is designed for making better integration with
+``asyncio`` coroutines. In particular, :py:class:`Coroutine` provider returns
+``True`` for ``asyncio.iscoroutinefunction()`` checks.
+
+.. note::
+
+    :py:class:`Coroutine` provider works only for Python 3.4+.
+
+Example of usage :py:class:`Coroutine` provider with ``async / await``-based
+coroutine:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/coroutine_async_await.py
    :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
+
+Coroutine providers and injections
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:py:class:`Coroutine` provider takes a various number of positional and keyword
+arguments that are used as wrapped coroutine injections. Every time, when
+:py:class:`Coroutine` provider is called, positional and keyword argument
+injections would be passed as coroutine arguments.
+
+Injections are done according to the next rules:
+
++ All providers (instances of :py:class:`Provider`) are called every time 
+  when injection needs to be done.
++ Providers could be injected "as is" (delegated), if it is defined obviously.
+  Check out :ref:`coroutine_providers_delegation`.
++ All other injectable values are provided *"as is"*.
++ Positional context arguments will be appended after :py:class:`Coroutine`
+  positional injections.
++ Keyword context arguments have priority on :py:class:`Coroutine` keyword
+  injections and will be merged over them.
 
 .. note::
-   The example works on Python 3.7+. For earlier versions use ``loop.run_until_complete()``.
 
-``Coroutine`` provider handles an injection of the dependencies the same way like a
-:ref:`factory-provider`.
+    Examples of making injections could be found in API docs -
+    :py:class:`Coroutine`.
 
-.. note::
-   ``Coroutine`` provider returns ``True`` for ``asyncio.iscoroutinefunction()`` check.
+.. _coroutine_providers_delegation:
+
+Coroutine providers delegation
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:py:class:`Coroutine` provider could be delegated to any other provider via
+any kind of injection. 
+
+Delegation of :py:class:`Coroutine` providers is the same as
+:py:class:`Factory` providers delegation, please follow 
+:ref:`factory_providers_delegation` section for examples (with exception 
+of using :py:class:`DelegatedCoroutine` instead of
+:py:class:`DelegatedFactory`).
+
+Abstract coroutine providers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:py:class:`AbstractCoroutine` provider is a :py:class:`Coroutine` provider that
+must be explicitly overridden before calling.
+
+Behaviour of :py:class:`AbstractCoroutine` providers is the same as of
+:py:class:`AbstractFactory`, please follow :ref:`abstract_factory_providers`
+section for examples (with exception of using :py:class:`AbstractCoroutine`
+provider instead of :py:class:`AbstractFactory`).
 
 .. disqus::

docs/providers/custom.rst

@@ -1,49 +1,35 @@
-.. _create-provider:
-
-Creating a custom provider
-==========================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Custom provider, Create
-   :description: This page demonstrates how to create a custom provider.
+Writing of custom providers
+---------------------------
 
 .. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
 
-You can create a custom provider.
+List of *Dependency Injector* providers could be widened with custom providers.
 
-To create a custom provider you need to follow these rules:
+Below are some tips and recommendations that have to be met:
 
-1. New provider class should inherit :py:class:`Provider`.
-2. You need to implement the ``Provider._provide()`` method.
-3. You need to implement the ``Provider.__deepcopy__()`` method. It should return an
-   equivalent copy of a provider. All providers must be copied with the ``deepcopy()`` function
-   from the ``providers`` module. It's essential to pass ``memo`` into ``deepcopy`` in order to keep
-   the preconfigured ``args`` and ``kwargs`` of stored providers. After the a new provider object
-   is created, use ``Provider._copy_overriding()`` method to copy all overriding providers. See the
-   example below.
-4. If new provider has a ``__init__()`` method, it should call the parent
-   ``Provider.__init__()``.
-5. If new provider stores any other providers, these providers should be listed in
-   ``.related`` property. Property ``.related`` also should yield providers from parent
-   ``.related`` property.
+    1. Every custom provider has to extend base provider class - 
+       :py:class:`Provider`.
+    2. Custom provider's ``__init__()`` could be overridden, but parent's
+       initializer (:py:meth:`Provider.__init__`) has to be called.
+    3. Providing strategy has to be implemented in custom provider's 
+       :py:meth:`Provider.__call__` method.
+    4. If custom provider is based on some standard providers, it is better to
+       use delegation of standard providers, then extending of them.
+    5. If custom provider defines any attributes, it is good to list them in 
+       ``__slots__`` attribute (as *Dependency Injector* does). It can save 
+       some memory.
+    6. If custom provider deals with injections, it is strongly recommended 
+       to be consistent with :py:class:`Factory`, :py:class:`Singleton` and 
+       :py:class:`Callable` providers style. 
+
+Example:
+
+.. image:: /images/providers/custom_provider.png
+    :width: 100%
+    :align: center
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/custom_factory.py
    :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
 
-.. note::
-   1. Prefer delegation over inheritance. If you choose between inheriting a ``Factory`` or
-      inheriting a ``Provider`` and use ``Factory`` internally - the last is better.
-   2. When creating a new provider follow the ``Factory``-like injections style. Consistency matters.
-   3. Use the ``__slots__`` attribute to make sure nothing could be attached to your provider. You
-      will also save some memory.
-
-.. note::
-   If you don't find needed provider in the ``providers`` module and experience troubles creating
-   one by your own - open a
-   `Github Issue <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues>`_.
-
-   I'll help you to resolve the issue if that's possible. If the new provider can be useful for
-   others I'll include it into the ``providers`` module.
 
 .. disqus::

docs/providers/dependency.rst

@@ -1,38 +1,43 @@
-.. _dependency-provider:
-
-Dependency provider
-===================
+Dependency providers
+--------------------
 
 .. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
 
-:py:class:`Dependency` provider is a placeholder for a dependency of a certain type.
+:py:class:`Dependency` provider can be useful for development of
+self-sufficient libraries / modules / applications that have required external
+dependencies.
 
-To specify a type of the dependency use ``instance_of`` argument: ``Dependency(instance_of=SomeClass)``.
-Dependency provider will control that returned object is an instance of ``instance_of`` type.
+For example, you have created self-sufficient library / module / application,
+that has dependency on *database connection*.
+
+Second step you want to do is to make this software component to be easy
+reusable by wide amount of developers and to be easily integrated into many
+applications.
+
+It may be good idea, to move all external dependencies (like
+*database connection*) to the top level and make them to be injected on your
+software component's initialization. It will make third party developers feel
+themselves free about integration of your component in their applications,
+because they would be able to find right place / right way for doing this
+in their application's architectures.
+
+At the same time, you can be sure, that your external dependency will be
+satisfied with appropriate instance.
+
+Example:
+
+.. note::
+
+    Class ``UsersService`` is a part of some library. ``UsersService`` has
+    dependency on database connection, which can be satisfied with any
+    DBAPI 2.0 database connection. Being a self-sufficient library,
+    ``UsersService`` doesn't hardcode any kind of database management logic.
+    Instead of this, ``UsersService`` has external dependency, that has to
+    be satisfied by client's code, out of library's scope.
+
+.. image:: /images/providers/dependency.png
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/dependency.py
    :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 26,35-36
-
-To provide a dependency you need to override the ``Dependency`` provider. You can call
-provider ``.override()`` method or provide an overriding provider when creating a container.
-See :ref:`provider-overriding`. If you don't provide a dependency, ``Dependency`` provider
-will raise an error:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/dependency_undefined_error.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 18-
-
-You also can provide a default for the dependency. To provide a default use ``default`` argument:
-``Dependency(..., default=...)``. Default can be a value or a provider. If default is not a provider,
-dependency provider will wrap it into the ``Object`` provider.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/dependency_default.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 16-23
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-See also: :ref:`check-container-dependencies`.
 
 .. disqus::