.coveragerc

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[run]
+source = src/dependency_injector
+omit = tests/unit
+plugins = Cython.Coverage
+
+[html]
+directory=reports/unittests/

.cursor/rules/coding-guide.mdc

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
----
-description: Code in Python and Cython
-globs:
-alwaysApply: false
----
-- Follow PEP 8 rules
-- When you write imports, split system, 3rd-party, and local imports with a new line
-- Have two empty lines between the import block and the rest of the code
-- Have an empty line (\n) at the end of every file
-- If a file is supposed to be run, always add ``if __name__ == 'main'``
-- Always follow a consistent pattern of using double or single quotes
-- When there is a class without a docblock, leave one blank line before its members, e.g.:
-```python
-class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-    service = providers.Factory(Service)
-```
-
-- Avoid shortcuts in names unless absolutely necessary, exceptions:
-```
-arg
-args
-kwarg
-kwargs
-obj
-cls
-```
-
-- Avoid inline comments unless absolutely necessary

.cursor/rules/makefile-commands.mdc

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
----
-description: Build and run tests
-globs:
-alwaysApply: false
----
-- Use Makefile commands to build, test, lint and other similar operations when they are available.
-- Activate virtualenv before running any commands by ``. venv/bin/actvate``

.cursor/rules/run-examples.mdc

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
----
-description: Run examples
-globs:
-alwaysApply: false
----
-- When you run an example from the ``examples/`` folder, switch to the example folder and run it from there.
-- If there are instructions on running the examples or its tests in readme, follow them
-- Activate virtualenv before running any commands by ``. venv/bin/actvate``

.deepsource.toml

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-version = 1
-
-test_patterns = ["tests/**/test_*.py"]
-
-exclude_patterns = ["docs/**"]
-
-[[analyzers]]
-name = "python"
-enabled = true
-
-  [analyzers.meta]
-  runtime_version = "3.x.x"

.editorconfig

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-root = true
-
-[*]
-end_of_line = lf
-insert_final_newline = true
-trim_trailing_whitespace = true
-
-[*.{py,pyi,pxd,pyx}]
-ij_visual_guides = 80,88

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-github: rmk135

.github/workflows/publishing.yml

@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-name: Publishing
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  push:
-    tags:
-      - '*'
-
-jobs:
-
-  tests:
-    name: Run tests
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.13
-      - run: pip install tox
-      - run: tox
-        env:
-          TOXENV: 3.13
-
-  linters:
-    name: Run linters
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        toxenv: [flake8, pydocstyle, mypy, pylint]
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.13
-      - run: pip install tox
-      - run: tox
-        env:
-          TOXENV: ${{ matrix.toxenv }}
-
-  build-sdist:
-    name: Build source tarball
-    needs: [tests, linters]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.13
-      - run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade build
-          python -m build --sdist
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: cibw-sdist
-          path: ./dist/*
-
-  build-wheels:
-    name: Build wheels
-    needs: [tests, linters]
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-2022, macos-14]
-    env:
-      CIBW_ENABLE: pypy
-      CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: >-
-        PIP_CONFIG_SETTINGS="build_ext=-j4"
-        DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_LIMITED_API="1"
-        CFLAGS="-g0"
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.0.0
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
-          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
-
-  test-publish:
-    name: Upload release to TestPyPI
-    needs: [build-sdist, build-wheels]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: test-pypi
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          pattern: cibw-*
-          path: dist
-          merge-multiple: true
-      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
-        with:
-          repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
-
-  publish:
-    name: Upload release to PyPI
-    needs: [build-sdist, build-wheels, test-publish]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: pypi
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          pattern: cibw-*
-          path: dist
-          merge-multiple: true
-      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
-
-  publish-docs:
-    name: Publish docs
-    needs: [publish]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.13
-      - run: pip install awscli
-      - run: pip install -r requirements-doc.txt
-      - run: pip install -e .
-      - run: (cd docs && make clean html)
-      - run: |
-          aws s3 sync docs/_build/html s3://python-dependency-injector-docs --delete
-          aws cloudfront create-invalidation --distribution-id ${{ secrets.AWS_CLOUDFRONT_DISTRIBUTION_ID }} --path "/*" > /dev/null
-          echo "Cache invalidation triggered"
-        env:
-          AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
-          AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-          AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: ${{ secrets.AWS_DEFAULT_REGION }}

.github/workflows/tests-and-linters.yml

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-name: Tests and linters
-
-on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
-
-jobs:
-
-  test-on-different-versions:
-    name: Run tests
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      - run: pip install tox
-      - run: tox
-        env:
-          DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_LIMITED_API: 1
-          TOXENV: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-
-  test-different-pydantic-versions:
-    name: Run tests with different pydantic versions
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: "3.12"
-      - run: pip install tox
-      - run: tox -e pydantic-v1,pydantic-v2
-
-  test-coverage:
-    name: Run tests with coverage
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    env:
-      DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE: 1
-      PIP_VERBOSE: 1
-      COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN }}
-      GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.12
-      - run: pip install tox
-      - run: tox -vv
-        env:
-          TOXENV: coveralls
-
-  linters:
-    name: Run linters
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        toxenv: [flake8, pydocstyle, mypy, pylint]
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.13
-      - run: pip install tox
-      - run: tox
-        env:
-          TOXENV: ${{ matrix.toxenv }}

.gitignore

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ lib64/
 parts/
 sdist/
 var/
-wheelhouse/
 *.egg-info/
 .installed.cfg
 *.egg
@@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ reports/
 .cache
 nosetests.xml
 coverage.xml
-.hypothesis/
 
 # Translations
 *.mo
@@ -56,7 +54,7 @@ target/
 .idea/
 
 # Virtualenv
-venv*/
+venv/
 
 # SQLite
 *.db
@@ -64,13 +62,10 @@ venv*/
 # Vim Rope
 .ropeproject/
 
-# Cython artifacts
+# C extensions
-src/**/*.c
+src/dependency_injector/*.h
-src/**/*.h
+src/dependency_injector/*.so
-src/**/*.so
+src/dependency_injector/containers/*.h
-src/**/*.html
+src/dependency_injector/containers/*.so
-
+src/dependency_injector/providers/*.h
-# Workspace for samples
+src/dependency_injector/providers/*.so
-.workspace/
-
-.vscode/

.pylintrc

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+[MASTER]
+
+# Add <file or directory> to the black list. It should be a base name, not a
+# path. You may set this option multiple times.
+ignore=utils,tests
+
+[MESSAGES CONTROL]
+
+# Disable the message(s) with the given id(s).
+# disable-msg=
+
+[SIMILARITIES]
+
+# Minimum lines number of a similarity.
+min-similarity-lines=5
+
+[TYPECHECK]
+ignore-mixin-members=yes
+# ignored-classes=
+zope=no
+# generated-members=providedBy,implementedBy,rawDataReceived
+
+[DESIGN]
+# Maximum number of arguments for function / method
+max-args=10
+
+# Maximum number of locals for function / method body
+max-locals=20
+
+# Maximum number of return / yield for function / method body
+max-returns=10
+
+# Maximum number of branch for function / method body
+max-branchs=10
+
+# Maximum number of statements in function / method body
+max-statements=60
+
+# Maximum number of parents for a class (see R0901).
+max-parents=10
+
+# Maximum number of attributes for a class (see R0902).
+max-attributes=30
+
+# Minimum number of public methods for a class (see R0903).
+min-public-methods=0
+
+# Maximum number of public methods for a class (see R0904).
+max-public-methods=30

.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+os: linux
+dist: xenial
+language: python
+jobs:
+  include:
+  - python: 3.8
+    env: TOXENV=coveralls DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE=1
+    install:
+      - pip install tox
+      - pip install cython
+      - make cythonize
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.6
+    env: TOXENV=pylint
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.6
+    env: TOXENV=flake8
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.6
+    env: TOXENV=pydocstyle
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.6
+    env: TOXENV=mypy
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 2.7
+    env: TOXENV=py27
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.4
+    env: TOXENV=py34
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.5
+    env: TOXENV=py35
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.6
+    env: TOXENV=py36
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.7
+    env: TOXENV=py37
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.8
+    env: TOXENV=py38
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: pypy
+    env: TOXENV=pypy
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: pypy3
+    env: TOXENV=pypy3
+    install: pip install tox
+    script: tox
+  - python: 3.8
+    if: tag IS present
+    env: TWINE_USERNAME=__token__
+    install: pip install pip --upgrade
+    script: python setup.py sdist
+    after_success:
+      - python3 -m pip install twine
+      - python3 -m twine upload dist/*
+  - services: docker
+    if: tag IS present
+    env: TWINE_USERNAME=__token__
+    install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==1.5.1
+    script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+    after_success:
+      - python3 -m pip install twine
+      - python3 -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
+  - os: osx
+    if: tag IS present
+    language: shell
+    env: TWINE_USERNAME=__token__
+    install: python3 -m pip install cibuildwheel==1.5.1
+    script: python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+    after_success:
+      - python3 -m pip install twine
+      - python3 -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
+  - os: windows
+    if: tag IS present
+    language: shell
+    env: TWINE_USERNAME=__token__
+    before_install:
+      - choco install python --version 3.8.0
+      - export PATH="/c/Python38:/c/Python38/Scripts:$PATH"
+    install: python -m pip install cibuildwheel==1.5.1
+    script: python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+    after_success:
+      - python -m pip install twine
+      - python -m twine upload wheelhouse/*.whl
+notifications:
+  slack:
+    rooms:
+      secure: CdWDgKnfYW7vvvoH3nS3yg3TcNZiYLRUyEp6ukQ4rQiiuR4+ltuvyGyFJWgP8r7VVJ9yHkB0jebCKWLUMsAEt1my33B6eMDEVefovpkdh2eJjGswmm80brt0EJULpgwPOtB1U47Mwca8L5jDW4KSv9RypUFRgn8eHDoWw6LKf5g=

CONTRIBUTORS.rst

@@ -13,12 +13,3 @@ Dependency Injector Contributors
 + Bruno P. Kinoshita (kinow)
 + RobinsonMa (RobinsonMa)
 + Rüdiger Busche (JarnoRFB)
-+ Dmitry Rassoshenko (rda-dev)
-+ Fotis Koutoupas (kootoopas)
-+ Shubhendra Singh Chauhan (withshubh)
-+ sonthonaxrk (sonthonaxrk)
-+ Ngo Thanh Loi (Leonn) (loingo95)
-+ Thiago Hiromi (thiromi)
-+ Felipe Rubio (krouw)
-+ Anton Petrov (anton-petrov)
-+ ZipFile (ZipFile)

LICENSE.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2024, Roman Mogylatov
+Copyright (c) 2017, ETS Labs
 All rights reserved.
 
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

MANIFEST.in

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-recursive-include src/dependency_injector *.py* *.c py.typed
+recursive-include src/dependency_injector *.py* *.c
 recursive-include tests *.py
 include README.rst
 include CONTRIBUTORS.rst
 include LICENSE.rst
+include requirements.txt
 include setup.py
 include tox.ini
+include py.typed

Makefile

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 VERSION := $(shell python setup.py --version)
 
-export COVERAGE_RCFILE := pyproject.toml
+CYTHON_SRC := $(shell find src/dependency_injector -name '*.pyx')
+
+CYTHON_DIRECTIVES = -Xlanguage_level=2
+
+ifdef DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE
+	CYTHON_DIRECTIVES += -Xprofile=True
+	CYTHON_DIRECTIVES += -Xlinetrace=True
+endif
+
 
 clean:
 	# Clean sources
@@ -17,28 +25,39 @@ clean:
 	find examples -name '*.py[co]' -delete
 	find examples -name '__pycache__' -delete
 
-build: clean
+cythonize:
-	# Compile C extensions
+	# Compile Cython to C
-	python setup.py build_ext --inplace
+	cython -a $(CYTHON_DIRECTIVES) $(CYTHON_SRC)
 	# Move all Cython html reports
 	mkdir -p reports/cython/
 	find src -name '*.html' -exec mv {}  reports/cython/  \;
 
+build: clean cythonize
+	# Compile C extensions
+	python setup.py build_ext --inplace
+
 docs-live:
 	sphinx-autobuild docs docs/_build/html
 
-install: uninstall clean build
+install: uninstall clean cythonize
 	pip install -ve .
 
 uninstall:
 	- pip uninstall -y -q dependency-injector 2> /dev/null
 
-test:
+test-py2: build
 	# Unit tests with coverage report
 	coverage erase
-	coverage run -m pytest
+	coverage run --rcfile=./.coveragerc -m unittest2 discover -s tests/unit/ -p test_*_py2_py3.py
-	coverage report
+	coverage report --rcfile=./.coveragerc
-	coverage html
+	coverage html --rcfile=./.coveragerc
+
+test-py3: build
+	# Unit tests with coverage report
+	coverage erase
+	coverage run --rcfile=./.coveragerc -m unittest2 discover -s tests/unit/ -p test_*py3*.py
+	coverage report --rcfile=./.coveragerc
+	coverage html --rcfile=./.coveragerc
 
 check:
 	flake8 src/dependency_injector/
@@ -49,9 +68,9 @@ check:
 
 	mypy tests/typing
 
-test-publish: build
+test-publish: cythonize
 	# Create distributions
-	python -m build --sdist
+	python setup.py sdist
 	# Upload distributions to PyPI
 	twine upload --repository testpypi dist/dependency-injector-$(VERSION)*
 

README.rst

@@ -35,10 +35,14 @@
    :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
    :alt: Wheel
 
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tests-and-linters.yml?branch=master
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector.svg?branch=master
-   :target: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/actions
+   :target: https://travis-ci.org/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
    :alt: Build Status
-
+   
+.. image:: http://readthedocs.org/projects/python-dependency-injector/badge/?version=latest
+   :target: http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/
+   :alt: Docs Status
+   
 .. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/badge.svg?branch=master
    :target: https://coveralls.io/github/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector?branch=master
    :alt: Coverage Status
@@ -48,39 +52,97 @@ What is ``Dependency Injector``?
 
 ``Dependency Injector`` is a dependency injection framework for Python.
 
-It helps implement the dependency injection principle.
+It helps you in implementing the dependency injection principle.
 
-Key features of the ``Dependency Injector``:
+What is dependency injection?
+-----------------------------
 
-- **Providers**. Provides ``Factory``, ``Singleton``, ``Callable``, ``Coroutine``, ``Object``,
+Dependency injection is a principle that helps to decrease coupling and increase cohesion. Your
-  ``List``, ``Dict``, ``Configuration``, ``Resource``, ``Dependency``, and ``Selector`` providers
+code becomes more flexible, clear and it is easier to test it.
-  that help assemble your objects.
+
-  See `Providers <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/index.html>`_.
+How to implement dependency injection?
-- **Overriding**. Can override any provider by another provider on the fly. This helps in testing
+--------------------------------------
-  and configuring dev/stage environment to replace API clients with stubs etc. See
+
-  `Provider overriding <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/overriding.html>`_.
+Objects do not create each other anymore. They provide a way to inject the needed dependencies
-- **Configuration**. Reads configuration from ``yaml``, ``ini``, and ``json`` files, ``pydantic`` settings,
+instead.
-  environment variables, and dictionaries.
+
-  See `Configuration provider <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/configuration.html>`_.
+Before:
-- **Resources**. Helps with initialization and configuring of logging, event loop, thread
+
-  or process pool, etc. Can be used for per-function execution scope in tandem with wiring.
+.. code-block:: python
-  See `Resource provider <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/resource.html>`_.
+
-- **Containers**. Provides declarative and dynamic containers.
+   import os
-  See `Containers <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/containers/index.html>`_.
+
-- **Wiring**. Injects dependencies into functions and methods. Helps integrate with
+
-  other frameworks: Django, Flask, Aiohttp, Sanic, FastAPI, etc.
+   class ApiClient:
-  See `Wiring <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/wiring.html>`_.
+
-- **Asynchronous**. Supports asynchronous injections.
+       def __init__(self):
-  See `Asynchronous injections <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/async.html>`_.
+           self.api_key = os.getenv('API_KEY')
-- **Typing**. Provides typing stubs, ``mypy``-friendly.
+           self.timeout = os.getenv('TIMEOUT')
-  See `Typing and mypy <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/providers/typing_mypy.html>`_.
+
-- **Performance**. Fast. Written in ``Cython``.
+
-- **Maturity**. Mature and production-ready. Well-tested, documented, and supported.
+   class Service:
+
+       def __init__(self):
+           self.api_client = ApiClient()
+
+
+   if __name__ == '__main__':
+       service = Service()
+
+
+After:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   import os
+
+
+   class ApiClient:
+
+       def __init__(self, api_key: str, timeout: int):
+           self.api_key = api_key
+           self.timeout = timeout
+
+
+   class Service:
+
+       def __init__(self, api_client: ApiClient):
+           self.api_client = api_client
+
+
+   if __name__ == '__main__':
+       service = Service(ApiClient(os.getenv('API_KEY'), os.getenv('TIMEOUT')))
+
+
+Flexibility comes with a price: now you need to assemble your objects like this
+``Service(ApiClient(os.getenv('API_KEY'), os.getenv('TIMEOUT')))``. The assembly code might get
+duplicated and it'll become harder to change the application structure.
+
+What does Dependency Injector do?
+---------------------------------
+
+``Dependency Injector`` helps you assemble the objects.
+
+It provides you the container and the providers that help you describe objects assembly. When you
+need an object you get it from the container. The rest of the assembly work is done by the
+framework:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-   from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
+
+
+   class ApiClient:
+
+       def __init__(self, api_key: str, timeout: int):
+           self.api_key = api_key
+           self.timeout = timeout
+
+
+   class Service:
+
+       def __init__(self, api_client: ApiClient):
+           self.api_client = api_client
 
 
    class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
@@ -90,7 +152,7 @@ Key features of the ``Dependency Injector``:
        api_client = providers.Singleton(
            ApiClient,
            api_key=config.api_key,
-           timeout=config.timeout,
+           timeout=config.timeout.as_int(),
        )
 
        service = providers.Factory(
@@ -99,40 +161,31 @@ Key features of the ``Dependency Injector``:
        )
 
 
-   @inject
+   if __name__ == '__main__':
-   def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]) -> None:
-       ...
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
        container = Container()
-       container.config.api_key.from_env("API_KEY", required=True)
+       container.config.api_key.from_env('API_KEY')
-       container.config.timeout.from_env("TIMEOUT", as_=int, default=5)
+       container.config.timeout.from_env('TIMEOUT')
-       container.wire(modules=[__name__])
 
-       main()  # <-- dependency is injected automatically
+       service = container.service()
 
-       with container.api_client.override(mock.Mock()):
+Retrieving of the ``Service`` instance now is done like this ``container.service()``.
-           main()  # <-- overridden dependency is injected automatically
 
-When you call the ``main()`` function the ``Service`` dependency is assembled and injected automatically.
+Also ``Dependency Injector`` provides a bonus in overriding any of the providers with the
+``.override()`` method:
 
-When you do testing, you call the ``container.api_client.override()`` method to replace the real API
+.. code-block:: python
-client with a mock. When you call ``main()``, the mock is injected.
 
-You can override any provider with another provider.
+   from unittest import mock
 
-It also helps you in a re-configuring project for different environments: replace an API client
-with a stub on the dev or stage.
 
-With the ``Dependency Injector``, object assembling is consolidated in a container. Dependency injections are defined explicitly.
+   with container.api_client.override(mock.Mock()):
-This makes it easier to understand and change how an application works.
+       service = container.service()
+       assert isinstance(service.api_client, mock.Mock)
 
-.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiki/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/img/di-readme.svg
+It helps in a testing. Also you can use it for configuring project for the different environments:
-   :target: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
+replace an API client with a stub on the dev or stage.
 
-Visit the docs to know more about the
+`More examples <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples>`_
-`Dependency injection and inversion of control in Python <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/introduction/di_in_python.html>`_.
 
 Installation
 ------------
@@ -144,67 +197,74 @@ The package is available on the `PyPi`_::
 Documentation
 -------------
 
-The documentation is available `here <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/>`_.
+The documentation is available on the `Read The Docs <http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/>`_
-
-Examples
---------
-
-Choose one of the following:
-
-- `Application example (single container) <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/application-single-container.html>`_
-- `Application example (multiple containers) <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/application-multiple-containers.html>`_
-- `Decoupled packages example (multiple containers) <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/decoupled-packages.html>`_
-- `Boto3 example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/boto3.html>`_
-- `Django example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/django.html>`_
-- `Flask example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/flask.html>`_
-- `Aiohttp example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/aiohttp.html>`_
-- `Sanic example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/sanic.html>`_
-- `FastAPI example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/fastapi.html>`_
-- `FastAPI + Redis example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/fastapi-redis.html>`_
-- `FastAPI + SQLAlchemy example <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/fastapi-sqlalchemy.html>`_
 
 Tutorials
 ---------
 
 Choose one of the following:
 
-- `Flask web application tutorial <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/flask.html>`_
+- `Flask web application tutorial <http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/flask.html>`_
-- `Aiohttp REST API tutorial <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/aiohttp.html>`_
+- `Aiohttp REST API tutorial <http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/aiohttp.html>`_
-- `Asyncio monitoring daemon tutorial <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/asyncio-daemon.html>`_
+- `Asyncio monitoring daemon tutorial <http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/asyncio-daemon.html>`_
-- `CLI application tutorial <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/cli.html>`_
+- `CLI application tutorial <http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/tutorials/cli.html>`_
 
 Concept
 -------
 
-The framework stands on the `PEP20 (The Zen of Python) <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/>`_ principle:
+``Dependency Injector`` stands on two principles:
 
-.. code-block:: bash
+- Explicit is better than implicit (PEP20).
+- Do no magic to your code.
 
-   Explicit is better than implicit
+How does it different from the other frameworks?
 
-You need to specify how to assemble and where to inject the dependencies explicitly.
+- **No autowiring.** The framework does NOT do any autowiring / autoresolving of the dependencies. You need to specify everything explicitly. Because *"Explicit is better than implicit" (PEP20)*.
+- **Does not pollute your code.** Your application does NOT know and does NOT depend on the framework. No ``@inject`` decorators, annotations, patching or any other magic tricks.
 
-The power of the framework is in its simplicity.
+``Dependency Injector`` makes a simple contract with you:
-``Dependency Injector`` is a simple tool for the powerful concept.
+
+- You tell the framework how to assemble your objects
+- The framework does it for you
+
+The power of the ``Dependency Injector`` is in its simplicity and straightforwardness. It is a simple tool for the powerful concept.
 
 Frequently asked questions
 --------------------------
 
-What is dependency injection?
+What is the dependency injection?
  - dependency injection is a principle that decreases coupling and increases cohesion
 
 Why should I do the dependency injection?
- - your code becomes more flexible, testable, and clear 😎
+ - your code becomes more flexible, testable and clear
+ - you have no problems when you need to understand how it works or change it 😎 
 
-How do I start applying the dependency injection?
+How do I start doing the dependency injection?
  - you start writing the code following the dependency injection principle
  - you register all of your application components and their dependencies in the container
- - when you need a component, you specify where to inject it or get it from the container
+ - when you need a component, you get it from the container
+
+Why do I need a framework for this?
+ - you need the framework for this to not create it by your own
+ - this framework gives you the container and the providers
+ - the container is like a dictionary with the batteries 🔋 
+ - the providers manage the lifetime of your components, you will need factories, singletons, smart config object etc
 
 What price do I pay and what do I get?
- - you need to explicitly specify the dependencies
+ - you need to explicitly specify the dependencies in the container
  - it will be extra work in the beginning
- - it will payoff as project grows
+ - it will payoff when project grows or in two weeks 😊 (when you forget what project was about)
+
+What features does the framework have?
+ - building objects graph
+ - smart configuration object
+ - providers: factory, singleton, thread locals registers, etc
+ - positional and keyword context injections
+ - overriding of the objects in any part of the graph
+
+What features the framework does NOT have?
+ - autowiring / autoresolving of the dependencies
+ - the annotations and ``@inject``-like decorators
 
 Have a question?
  - Open a `Github Issue <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues>`_

docs/_static/custom.css

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-.no-border {
-    border: 0 !important;
-    box-shadow: none !important;
-    -webkit-box-shadow: none !important;
-}
-.no-border td {
-    border: 0px !important;
-    padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px !important;
-}

docs/_static/disqus.js

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+var disqus_shortname;
+var disqus_identifier;
+
+$(function() {
+    var disqus_thread = $("#disqus_thread");
+    disqus_shortname = disqus_thread.data('disqus-shortname');
+    disqus_identifier = disqus_thread.data('disqus-identifier');
+    var dsq = document.createElement('script'); dsq.type = 'text/javascript'; dsq.async = true;
+    dsq.src = '//' + disqus_shortname + '.disqus.com/embed.js';
+    (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(dsq);
+});

docs/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme-hotfix.css

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.rst-content .highlight>pre, .rst-content .linenodiv>pre {
+    line-height: normal;
+}

docs/_static/sponsor.html

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-<iframe src="https://github.com/sponsors/rmk135/button" title="Sponsor Dependency Injector" height="32" width="114" style="border: 0; border-radius: 6px;"></iframe>

docs/api/aiohttpext.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp
+===============================
+
+.. automodule:: dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp
+   :members:
+   :special-members:
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/api/asgi-lifespan.rst

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-dependency_injector.ext.starlette
-=================================
-
-.. automodule:: dependency_injector.ext.starlette
-   :members:
-   :inherited-members:
-   :show-inheritance:
-
-.. disqus::

docs/api/containers.rst

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ dependency_injector.containers
 
 .. automodule:: dependency_injector.containers
    :members:
-   :inherited-members:
+   :special-members:
-   :show-inheritance:
+
 
 .. disqus::

docs/api/flaskext.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+dependency_injector.ext.flask
+=============================
+
+.. automodule:: dependency_injector.ext.flask
+   :members:
+   :special-members:
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/api/index.rst

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ API Documentation
 =================
 
 ..  toctree::
-   :maxdepth: 2
+    :maxdepth: 2
 
-   top-level
+    top_level
-   providers
+    providers
-   containers
+    containers
-   wiring
+    errors
-   errors
+    aiohttpext
-   asgi-lifespan
+    flaskext

docs/api/wiring.rst

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-dependency_injector.wiring
-=============================
-
-.. automodule:: dependency_injector.wiring
-   :members:
-
-.. disqus::

docs/conf.py

@@ -20,49 +20,49 @@ import alabaster
 # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
 # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
 # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(".."))
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('..'))
 
 # -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
 
 # If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
-#needs_sphinx = "1.0"
+#needs_sphinx = '1.0'
 
 # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
-# extensions coming with Sphinx (named "sphinx.ext.*") or your custom
+# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
 extensions = [
-    "alabaster",
+    'alabaster',
-    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
-    "sphinx_disqus.disqus",
+    'sphinxcontrib.disqus',
 ]
 
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ["_templates"]
+templates_path = ['_templates']
 
 # The suffix(es) of source filenames.
 # You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
-# source_suffix = [".rst", ".md"]
+# source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
-source_suffix = ".rst"
+source_suffix = '.rst'
 
 # The encoding of source files.
-#source_encoding = "utf-8-sig"
+#source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
 
 # The master toctree document.
-master_doc = "index"
+master_doc = 'index'
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = "Dependency Injector"
+project = u'Dependency Injector'
-copyright = "2024, Roman Mogylatov"
+copyright = u'2020, ETS Labs'
-author = "Roman Mogylatov"
+author = u'ETS Labs'
 
-# The version info for the project you"re documenting, acts as replacement for
+# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
 # built documents.
 #
 # The short X.Y version.
 # Getting version:
-with open("../src/dependency_injector/__init__.py") as init_file:
+with open('../src/dependency_injector/__init__.py') as init_file:
-    version = re.search("__version__ = \"(.*?)\"", init_file.read()).group(1)
+    version = re.search('__version__ = \'(.*?)\'', init_file.read()).group(1)
 
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
 release = version
@@ -72,23 +72,23 @@ release = version
 #
 # This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
 # Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
-language = "en"
+language = None
 
 # There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
 # non-false value, then it is used:
-#today = ""
+#today = ''
 # Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
-#today_fmt = "%B %d, %Y"
+#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
 
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
-exclude_patterns = ["_build"]
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
 
 # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
 # documents.
 #default_role = None
 
-# If true, "()" will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
+# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
 #add_function_parentheses = True
 
 # If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ exclude_patterns = ["_build"]
 #show_authors = False
 
 # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
-pygments_style = "sphinx"
+pygments_style = 'sphinx'
 
 # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
 #modindex_common_prefix = []
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ todo_include_todos = False
 
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
 # a list of builtin themes.
-# html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
+# html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
-html_theme = "alabaster"
+html_theme = 'alabaster'
 
 # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
 # further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
@@ -141,24 +141,21 @@ html_theme_path = [alabaster.get_path()]
 # The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
 # docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
 # pixels large.
-html_favicon = "favicon.ico"
+#html_favicon = None
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ["_static"]
+html_static_path = ['_static']
-html_css_files = [
-    "custom.css",
-]
 
 # Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
 # .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
 # directly to the root of the documentation.
 #html_extra_path = []
 
-# If not "", a "Last updated on:" timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
+# If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
 # using the given strftime format.
-#html_last_updated_fmt = "%b %d, %Y"
+#html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
 
 # If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
 # typographically correct entities.
@@ -192,50 +189,50 @@ html_css_files = [
 # If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
 # contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
 # base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
-#html_use_opensearch = ""
+#html_use_opensearch = ''
 
 # This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
 #html_file_suffix = None
 
 # Language to be used for generating the HTML full-text search index.
 # Sphinx supports the following languages:
-#   "da", "de", "en", "es", "fi", "fr", "hu", "it", "ja"
+#   'da', 'de', 'en', 'es', 'fi', 'fr', 'hu', 'it', 'ja'
-#   "nl", "no", "pt", "ro", "ru", "sv", "tr"
+#   'nl', 'no', 'pt', 'ro', 'ru', 'sv', 'tr'
-#html_search_language = "en"
+#html_search_language = 'en'
 
 # A dictionary with options for the search language support, empty by default.
-# Now only "ja" uses this config value
+# Now only 'ja' uses this config value
-#html_search_options = {"type": "default"}
+#html_search_options = {'type': 'default'}
 
 # The name of a javascript file (relative to the configuration directory) that
 # implements a search results scorer. If empty, the default will be used.
-#html_search_scorer = "scorer.js"
+#html_search_scorer = 'scorer.js'
 
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
-htmlhelp_basename = "dependency_injectordoc"
+htmlhelp_basename = 'dependency_injectordoc'
 
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
 
 latex_elements = {
-# The paper size ("letterpaper" or "a4paper").
+# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
-#"papersize": "letterpaper",
+#'papersize': 'letterpaper',
 
-# The font size ("10pt", "11pt" or "12pt").
+# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
-#"pointsize": "10pt",
+#'pointsize': '10pt',
 
 # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
-#"preamble": "",
+#'preamble': '',
 
 # Latex figure (float) alignment
-#"figure_align": "htbp",
+#'figure_align': 'htbp',
 }
 
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-  (master_doc, "dependency_injector.tex", u"Dependency Injector Documentation",
+  (master_doc, 'dependency_injector.tex', u'Dependency Injector Documentation',
-   u"Roman Mogylatov", "manual"),
+   u'ETS Labs', 'manual'),
 ]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
@@ -264,7 +261,7 @@ latex_documents = [
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
 man_pages = [
-    (master_doc, "Dependency Injector", u"Dependency Injector Documentation",
+    (master_doc, 'Dependency Injector', u'Dependency Injector Documentation',
      [author], 1)
 ]
 
@@ -278,9 +275,9 @@ man_pages = [
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
-  (master_doc, "Dependency Injector", u"Dependency Injector Documentation",
+  (master_doc, 'Dependency Injector', u'Dependency Injector Documentation',
-   author, "Dependency Injector", "Dependency injection microframework for Python",
+   author, 'Dependency Injector', 'Dependency injection microframework for Python',
-   "Miscellaneous"),
+   'Miscellaneous'),
 ]
 
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
@@ -289,25 +286,23 @@ texinfo_documents = [
 # If false, no module index is generated.
 #texinfo_domain_indices = True
 
-# How to display URL addresses: "footnote", "no", or "inline".
+# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
-#texinfo_show_urls = "footnote"
+#texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
 
-# If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node"s menu.
+# If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
 #texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
 
-autodoc_member_order = "bysource"
+autodoc_member_order = 'bysource'
 
-disqus_shortname = "python-dependency-injector"
+disqus_shortname = 'python-dependency-injector'
 
 html_theme_options = {
-    "github_user": "ets-labs",
+    'github_user': 'ets-labs',
-    "github_repo": "python-dependency-injector",
+    'github_repo': 'python-dependency-injector',
-    "github_type": "star",
+    'github_type': 'star',
-    "github_button": True,
+    'github_button': True,
-    "github_banner": True,
+    'github_banner': True,
-    "logo": "logo.svg",
+    'logo': 'logo.svg',
-    "description": "Dependency injection framework for Python by Roman Mogylatov",
+    'description': 'Dependency injection framework for Python',
-    "code_font_size": "10pt",
+    'code_font_size': '10pt',
-    "analytics_id": "UA-67012059-1",
-    "donate_url": "https://github.com/sponsors/rmk135",
 }

docs/containers/check_dependencies.rst

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-.. _check-container-dependencies:
-
-Check container dependencies
-----------------------------
-
-To check container dependencies use method ``.check_dependencies()``.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/check_dependencies.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
-
-Method ``.check_dependencies()`` raises an error if container has any undefined dependencies.
-If all dependencies are provided or have defaults, no error is raised.
-
-See also: :ref:`dependency-provider`.
-
-.. disqus::

docs/containers/copying.rst

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-Container copying
------------------
-
-You can create declarative container copies using ``@containers.copy()`` decorator.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/declarative_copy_decorator1.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 18-22
-
-Decorator ``@containers.copy()`` copies providers from source container to destination container.
-Destination container provider will replace source provider, if names match.
-
-Decorator ``@containers.copy()`` helps you when you create derived declarative containers
-from the base one. Base container often keeps default dependencies while derived containers define
-overriding providers. Without ``@containers.copy()`` decorator, overridden providers are available
-in the derived container, but base class dependencies continue to be bound to the base class providers.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/declarative_copy_decorator2.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 11-
-
-.. disqus::

docs/containers/declarative.rst

@@ -34,39 +34,10 @@ Injections in the declarative container are done the usual way:
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
 
-You can override container providers while creating a container instance:
+You can override the container providers when you create the container instance:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/declarative_override_providers.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 13
-
-Alternatively, you can call ``container.override_providers()`` method when the container instance
-already exists:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-   container = Container()
-
-   container.override_providers(foo=mock.Mock(Foo), bar=mock.Mock(Bar))
-
-   assert isinstance(container.foo(), mock.Mock)
-   assert isinstance(container.bar(), mock.Mock)
-
-You can also use ``container.override_providers()`` with a context manager to reset
-provided overriding after the context is closed:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-   container = Container()
-
-   with container.override_providers(foo=mock.Mock(Foo), bar=mock.Mock(Bar)):
-       assert isinstance(container.foo(), mock.Mock)
-       assert isinstance(container.bar(), mock.Mock)
-
-   assert isinstance(container.foo(), Foo)
-   assert isinstance(container.bar(), Bar)
 
 .. disqus::

docs/containers/index.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-.. _containers:
-
 Containers
 ==========
 
@@ -23,7 +21,3 @@ Containers module API docs - :py:mod:`dependency_injector.containers`.
     dynamic
     specialization
     overriding
-    copying
-    reset_singletons
-    check_dependencies
-    traversal

docs/containers/overriding.rst

@@ -21,20 +21,4 @@ The container also has:
 
 :py:class:`DynamicContainer` has the same functionality.
 
-Another possible way to override container providers on declarative level is
-``@containers.override()`` decorator:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/declarative_override_decorator.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12-16
-
-Decorator ``@containers.override()`` takes a container for overriding as an argument.
-This container providers will be overridden by the providers with the same names from
-the decorated container.
-
-It helps to change the behaviour of application by importing extension modules but not a code change.
-Imported module can override providers in main container. While the code uses main container as
-before, the overridden providers provide components defined in the extension module.
-
 .. disqus::

docs/containers/reset_singletons.rst

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-.. _reset-container-singletons:
-
-Reset container singletons
---------------------------
-
-To reset all container singletons use method ``.reset_singletons()``.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/reset_singletons.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 16
-
-Method ``.reset_singletons()`` also resets singletons in sub-containers: ``providers.Container`` and
-``providers.DependenciesContainer.``
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/reset_singletons_subcontainers.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 21
-
-You can use ``.reset_singletons()`` method with a context manager. Singletons will be reset on
-both entering and exiting a context.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/reset_singletons_with.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 14-15
-
-See also: :ref:`singleton-provider`.
-
-.. disqus::

docs/containers/traversal.rst

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-Container providers traversal
------------------------------
-
-To traverse container providers use method ``.traverse()``.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/traverse.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 38
-
-Method ``.traverse()`` returns a generator. Traversal generator visits all container providers.
-This includes nested providers even if they are not present on the root level of the container.
-
-Traversal generator guarantees that each container provider will be visited only once.
-It can traverse cyclic provider graphs.
-
-Traversal generator does not guarantee traversal order.
-
-You can use ``types=[...]`` argument to filter providers. Traversal generator will only return
-providers matching specified types.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-   container = Container()
-
-   for provider in container.traverse(types=[providers.Resource]):
-       print(provider)
-
-    # <dependency_injector.providers.Resource(<function init_database at 0x10bd2cb80>) at 0x10d346b40>
-    # <dependency_injector.providers.Resource(<function init_cache at 0x10be373a0>) at 0x10d346bc0>
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples-other/chained-factories.rst

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-Chained Factories pattern
-=========================
-
-This example demonstrates "Chained Factories" pattern.
-
-The idea of the pattern is in wrapping ``Factory`` into another ``Factory`` that adds
-additional arguments.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   base_factory = providers.Factory(
-       SomeClass,
-       base_argument=1,
-   )
-
-   concrete_factory = providers.Factory(
-       base_factory,
-       extra_argument=2,
-   )
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       instance = concrete_factory()
-       # Same as: # instance = SomeClass(base_argument=1, extra_argument=2)
-
-Sample code
------------
-
-Listing of the pattern example:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/factory-patterns/chained_factories.py
-   :language: python
-
-Arguments priority
-------------------
-
-Passing of the arguments works the same way like for any other :ref:`factory-provider`.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   # 1. Keyword arguments of upper level factory are added to lower level factory
-   chained_dict_factory = providers.Factory(
-       providers.Factory(dict, arg1=1),
-       arg2=2,
-   )
-   print(chained_dict_factory())  # prints: {"arg1": 1, "arg2": 2}
-
-   # 2. Keyword arguments of upper level factory have priority
-   chained_dict_factory = providers.Factory(
-       providers.Factory(dict, arg1=1),
-       arg1=2,
-   )
-   print(chained_dict_factory())  # prints: {"arg1": 2}
-
-   # 3. Keyword arguments provided from context have the most priority
-   chained_dict_factory = providers.Factory(
-       providers.Factory(dict, arg1=1),
-       arg1=2,
-   )
-   print(chained_dict_factory(arg1=3))  # prints: {"arg1": 3}
-
-
-Credits
--------
-
-The "Chained Factories" pattern was suggested by the ``Dependency Injector`` users.
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples-other/factory-of-factories.rst

@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-Factory of Factories pattern
-============================
-
-This example demonstrates "Factory of Factories" pattern.
-
-The idea of the pattern is in creating a ``Factory`` that creates another ``Factory`` and adds
-additional arguments.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   base_factory = providers.Factory(
-       providers.Factory
-       SomeClass,
-       base_argument=1,
-   )
-
-   concrete_factory = providers.Factory(
-       OtherClass,
-       instance=base_factory(extra_argument=1),
-   )
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       instance = concrete_factory()
-       # Same as: # instance = SomeClass(base_argument=1, extra_argument=2)
-
-Sample code
------------
-
-Listing of the pattern example:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/factory-patterns/factory_of_factories.py
-   :language: python
-
-Arguments priority
-------------------
-
-Passing of the arguments works the same way like for any other :ref:`factory-provider`.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   # 1. Keyword arguments of upper level factory are added to lower level factory
-   factory_of_dict_factories = providers.Factory(
-       providers.Factory,
-       dict,
-       arg1=1,
-   )
-   dict_factory = factory_of_dict_factories(arg2=2)
-   print(dict_factory())  # prints: {"arg1": 1, "arg2": 2}
-
-   # 2. Keyword arguments of upper level factory have priority
-   factory_of_dict_factories = providers.Factory(
-       providers.Factory,
-       dict,
-       arg1=1,
-   )
-   dict_factory = factory_of_dict_factories(arg1=2)
-   print(dict_factory())  # prints: {"arg1": 2}
-
-   # 3. Keyword arguments provided from context have the most priority
-   factory_of_dict_factories = providers.Factory(
-       providers.Factory,
-       dict,
-       arg1=1,
-   )
-   dict_factory = factory_of_dict_factories(arg1=2)
-   print(dict_factory(arg1=3))  # prints: {"arg1": 3}
-
-Credits
--------
-
-The "Factory of Factories" pattern was suggested by the ``Dependency Injector`` users.
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples-other/index.rst

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-Other examples
-==============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Inversion of Control,Container,Example,Application,
-              Framework
-   :description: This sections contains assorted Dependency Injector examples.
-
-This sections contains assorted ``Dependency Injector`` examples.
-
-..  toctree::
-    :maxdepth: 2
-
-    use-cases
-    password-hashing
-    chained-factories
-    factory-of-factories

docs/examples-other/password-hashing.rst

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-Password hashing example
-========================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Inversion of Control,Container,Example,Application,
-              Framework,Callable
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the Callable provider.
-
-This example demonstrates an injection of the ``Callable`` provider.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/password-hashing>`_.
-
-Sample code
------------
-
-Listing of the pattern example:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/password-hashing/example.py
-   :language: python
-
-Run the example
----------------
-
-Instructions for running:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    python example.py
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples-other/use-cases.rst

@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-Use cases example
-=================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Inversion of Control,Container,Example,Application,
-              Framework,DependenciesContainer
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the DependenciesContainer provider.
-
-This example demonstrates a usage of the ``DependenciesContainer`` provider.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Example application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-
-   ./
-   └── example/
-       ├── __init__.py
-       ├── __main__.py
-       ├── adapters.py
-       ├── containers.py
-       └── usecases.py
-
-Containers
-----------
-
-Listing of the ``example/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/use-cases/example/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Main module
------------
-
-Listing of the ``example/__main__.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/use-cases/example/__main__.py
-   :language: python
-
-
-Run the application
--------------------
-
-Instructions for running in the "test" mode:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    python run.py test example@example.com
-
-Instructions for running in the "prod" mode:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    python run.py prod example@example.com
-
-Adapters and use cases
-----------------------
-
-Listing of the ``example/adapters.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/use-cases/example/adapters.py
-   :language: python
-
-Listing of the ``example/usecases.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/use-cases/example/usecases.py
-   :language: python
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/aiohttp.rst

@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-.. _aiohttp-example:
-
-Aiohttp example
-===============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Aiohttp,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the Aiohttp and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `Aiohttp <https://docs.aiohttp.org/>`_.
-
-The example application is a REST API that searches for funny GIFs on the `Giphy <https://giphy.com/>`_.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/aiohttp>`_.
-
-:ref:`aiohttp-tutorial` demonstrates how to build this application step-by-step.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── giphynavigator/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── application.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── giphy.py
-   │   ├── handlers.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   └── tests.py
-   ├── config.yml
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container is defined in ``giphynavigator/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/aiohttp/giphynavigator/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Handlers
---------
-
-Handler has dependencies on search service and some config options. The dependencies are injected
-using :ref:`wiring` feature.
-
-Listing of ``giphynavigator/handlers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/aiohttp/giphynavigator/handlers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Application factory
--------------------
-Application factory creates container, wires it with the ``handlers`` module, creates
-``Aiohttp`` app and setup routes.
-
-Listing of ``giphynavigator/application.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/aiohttp/giphynavigator/application.py
-   :language: python
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace giphy client with a mock ``giphynavigator/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/aiohttp/giphynavigator/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 32,59,73
-
-Sources
--------
-
-Explore the sources on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/aiohttp>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/application-multiple-containers.rst

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-.. _application-multiple-containers:
-
-Application example (multiple containers)
-=========================================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Inversion of Control,Container,Example,Application,
-              Framework,AWS,boto3,client
-   :description: This example shows how you can create an application using multiple declarative
-                 containers. We build an example Python micro application following the dependency
-                 injection principle. It consists from several services with a domain logic that
-                 have dependencies on database & AWS S3.
-
-This example shows how you can create an application using multiple declarative containers. Using
-multiple declarative containers is a good choice for a large application. For
-building a moderate or a small size application refer to :ref:`application-single-container`.
-
-We build an example micro application following the dependency injection principle. It consists
-of several services with a domain logic. The services have dependencies on database & AWS S3.
-
-.. image:: images/application.png
-    :width: 100%
-    :align: center
-
-Start from the scratch or jump to the section:
-
-.. contents::
-   :local:
-   :backlinks: none
-
-You can find the source code and instructions for running on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/application-multiple-containers>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application consists of an ``example`` package, a configuration file and a ``requirements.txt``
-file.
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── example/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── __main__.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   └── services.py
-   ├── config.yml
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Containers
-----------
-
-Listing of the ``example/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-multiple-containers/example/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Main module
------------
-
-Listing of the ``example/__main__.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-multiple-containers/example/__main__.py
-   :language: python
-
-Services
---------
-
-Listing of the ``example/services.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-multiple-containers/example/services.py
-   :language: python
-
-Configuration
--------------
-
-Listing of the ``config.yml``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-multiple-containers/config.yml
-   :language: yaml
-
-Run the application
--------------------
-
-You can find the source code and instructions for running on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/application-multiple-containers>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/application-single-container.rst

@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-.. _application-single-container:
-
-Application example (single container)
-======================================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Inversion of Control,Container,Example,Application,
-              Framework,AWS,boto3,client
-   :description: This example shows how you can create an application using a single declarative
-                 container. We build an example Python micro application following the dependency
-                 injection principle. It consists from several services with a domain logic that
-                 have dependencies on database & AWS S3.
-
-This example shows how you can create an application using a single declarative container. Using
-a single declarative container is a good choice for small or moderate size application. For
-building a large application refer to :ref:`application-multiple-containers`.
-
-We build an example micro application following the dependency injection principle. It consists
-of several services with a domain logic. The services have dependencies on database & AWS S3.
-
-.. image:: images/application.png
-    :width: 100%
-    :align: center
-
-Start from the scratch or jump to the section:
-
-.. contents::
-   :local:
-   :backlinks: none
-
-You can find the source code and instructions for running on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/application-single-container>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application consists of an ``example`` package, several configuration files and a
-``requirements.txt`` file.
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── example/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── __main__.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   └── services.py
-   ├── config.ini
-   ├── logging.ini
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Container
----------
-
-Listing of the ``example/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-single-container/example/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Main module
------------
-
-Listing of the ``example/__main__.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-single-container/example/__main__.py
-   :language: python
-
-Services
---------
-
-Listing of the ``example/services.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-single-container/example/services.py
-   :language: python
-
-Configuration
--------------
-
-Listing of the ``config.ini``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-single-container/config.ini
-   :language: ini
-
-Listing of the ``logging.ini``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/application-single-container/logging.ini
-   :language: ini
-
-Run the application
--------------------
-
-You can find the source code and instructions for running on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/application-single-container>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/boto3.rst

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-.. _boto3-example:
-
-Boto3 example
-=============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Boto3,AWS,Amazon Web Services,S3,SQS,Rout53,EC2,Lambda,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of Boto3 AWS client and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `Boto3 <https://github.com/boto/boto3>`_.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/boto3-session>`_.
-
-Listing of ``boto3_session_example.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/boto3-session/boto3_session_example.py
-   :language: python
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/bundles_miniapp.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+Bundles mini application example
+--------------------------------
+
+.. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.containers
+
+"Bundles" is an example mini application that is intended to demonstrate the
+power of dependency injection for creation of re-usable application components
+("bundles") with 100% transparency of their dependencies.
+
+Example application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+"Bundles" mini application has next structure:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    bundles/
+        bundles/               <-- Bundles package
+            photos/            <-- Photos bundle
+                __init__.py    <-- Photos bundle dependency injection container
+                entities.py
+                repositories.py
+            users/             <-- Users bundle
+                __init__.py    <-- Users bundle dependency injection container
+                entities.py
+                repositories.py
+        run.py                 <-- Entrypoint
+
+
+IoC containers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Next two listings show :py:class:`DeclarativeContainer`'s for "users" and 
+"photos" bundles.
+
+Listing of ``bundles/users/__init__.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/bundles/bundles/users/__init__.py
+   :language: python
+
+.. note::
+
+    - ``Users`` container has dependency on database.
+
+Listing of ``bundles/photos/__init__.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/bundles/bundles/photos/__init__.py
+   :language: python
+
+.. note::
+
+    - ``Photos`` container has dependencies on database and file storage.
+
+Run application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Finally, both "bundles" are initialized by providing needed dependencies.
+Initialization of dependencies happens right in the runtime, not earlier.
+Generally, it means, that any part of any bundle could be overridden on the
+fly.
+
+Listing of ``run.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/bundles/run.py
+   :language: python
+
+Links
+~~~~~
+
++ `Dependency Injector <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/>`_
++ `Full example sources <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/bundles>`_
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/examples/chained_factories.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Chained Factories pattern
+=========================
+
+This example demonstrate implementation of "Chained Factories" pattern.
+Main idea of this pattern is about wrapping :py:class:`Factory` into
+another :py:class:`Factory` that mix additional arguments or keyword
+arguments to a wrapped one.
+
+Listing of ``data.py``, demonstrates sample classes structure:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/factory_patterns/data.py
+   :language: python
+
+Listing of ``chained_factories.py``, demonstrates "Chained Factories"
+pattern and provide some explanation:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/factory_patterns/chained_factories.py
+   :language: python
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/examples/decoupled-packages.rst

@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-.. _decoupled-packages:
-
-Decoupled packages example (multiple containers)
-================================================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Inversion of Control,Container,Example,Application,
-              Framework,AWS,boto3,client
-   :description: This example shows how to use Dependency Injector to create Python decoupled packages.
-                 To achieve a decoupling each package has a container with the components. When
-                 a component needs a dependency from the outside of the package scope we use the
-                 Dependency provider. The package container has no knowledge on where the
-                 dependencies come from. It states a need that the dependencies must be provided.
-                 This helps to decouple a package from the 3rd party dependencies and other
-                 packages.
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` to create decoupled packages.
-
-To achieve a decoupling each package has a container with the components. When a component needs a
-dependency from the outside of the package scope we use the ``Dependency`` provider. The package
-container has no knowledge on where the dependencies come from. It states a need that the
-dependencies must be provided. This helps to decouple a package from the 3rd party dependencies
-and other packages.
-
-To wire the packages we use an application container. Application container has all 3rd party
-dependencies and package containers. It wires the packages and dependencies to create a
-complete application.
-
-We build an example micro application that consists of 3 packages:
-
-- ``user`` - a package with user domain logic, depends on a database
-- ``photo`` - a package with photo domain logic, depends on a database and AWS S3
-- ``analytics`` - a package with analytics domain logic, depends on the  ``user`` and ``photo``
-  package components
-
-.. image:: images/decoupled-packages.png
-    :width: 100%
-    :align: center
-
-Start from the scratch or jump to the section:
-
-.. contents::
-   :local:
-   :backlinks: none
-
-You can find the source code and instructions for running on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application consists of an ``example`` package, a configuration file and a ``requirements.txt``
-file.
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── example/
-   │   ├── analytics/
-   │   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   │   └── services.py
-   │   ├── photo/
-   │   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   │   ├── entities.py
-   │   │   └── repositories.py
-   │   ├── user/
-   │   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   │   ├── entities.py
-   │   │   └── repositories.py
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── __main__.py
-   │   └── containers.py
-   ├── config.ini
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Package containers
-------------------
-
-Listing of the ``example/user/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages/example/user/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Listing of the ``example/photo/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages/example/photo/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Listing of the ``example/analytics/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages/example/analytics/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Application container
----------------------
-
-Application container consists of all packages and 3rd party dependencies. Its role is to wire
-everything together in a complete application.
-
-Listing of the ``example/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages/example/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-.. note::
-   Package ``analytics`` has dependencies on the repositories from the ``user`` and
-   ``photo`` packages. This is an example of how you can pass the dependencies from one package
-   to another.
-
-Main module
------------
-Listing of the ``example/__main__.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages/example/__main__.py
-   :language: python
-
-Configuration
--------------
-
-Listing of the ``config.ini``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages/config.ini
-   :language: ini
-
-Run the application
--------------------
-
-You can find the source code and instructions for running on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/decoupled-packages>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/django.rst

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-.. _django-example:
-
-Django example
-==============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Django,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the Django and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `Django <https://www.djangoproject.com/>`_.
-
-The example application helps to search for repositories on the Github.
-
-.. image:: images/django.png
-    :width: 100%
-    :align: center
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/django>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has standard Django project structure. It consists of ``githubnavigator`` project package and
-``web`` application package:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── githubnavigator/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── asgi.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   ├── settings.py
-   │   ├── urls.py
-   │   └── wsgi.py
-   ├── web/
-   │   ├── templates/
-   │   │   ├── base.html
-   │   │   └── index.html
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── apps.py
-   │   ├── tests.py
-   │   ├── urls.py
-   │   └── views.py
-   ├── manage.py
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container is defined in ``githubnavigator/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/django/githubnavigator/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Container instance is created in ``githubnavigator/__init__.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/django/githubnavigator/__init__.py
-   :language: python
-
-Views
------
-
-View has dependencies on search service and some config options. The dependencies are injected
-using :ref:`wiring` feature.
-
-Listing of ``web/views.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/django/web/views.py
-   :language: python
-
-App config
-----------
-
-Container is wired to the ``views`` module in the app config ``web/apps.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/django/web/apps.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace github client with a mock ``web/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/django/web/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 39,60
-
-Sources
--------
-
-Explore the sources on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/django>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/factory_of_factories.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Factory of Factories pattern
+============================
+
+This example demonstrate implementation of "Factory of Factories" pattern.
+Main idea of this pattern is about creation of a :py:class:`Factory` that
+creates another :py:class:`Factory` and mix additional arguments to it.
+
+Listing of ``data.py``, demonstrates sample classes structure:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/factory_patterns/data.py
+   :language: python
+
+Listing of ``factory_of_factories.py``, demonstrates "Chained Factories"
+pattern and provide some explanation:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/factory_patterns/factory_of_factories.py
+   :language: python
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/examples/fastapi-redis.rst

@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-.. _fastapi-redis-example:
-
-FastAPI + Redis example
-=======================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,FastAPI,Redis,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the FastAPI, Redis, and Dependency Injector.
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `FastAPI <https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/>`_ and
-`Redis <https://redis.io/>`_.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis>`_.
-
-See also:
-
-- Provider :ref:`async-injections`
-- Resource provider :ref:`resource-async-initializers`
-- Wiring :ref:`async-injections-wiring`
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── fastapiredis/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── application.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── redis.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   └── tests.py
-   ├── docker-compose.yml
-   ├── Dockerfile
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Redis
------
-
-Module ``redis`` defines Redis connection pool initialization and shutdown. See ``fastapiredis/redis.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/redis.py
-   :language: python
-
-Service
--------
-
-Module ``services`` contains example service. Service has a dependency on Redis connection pool.
-It uses it for getting and setting a key asynchronously. Real life service will do something more meaningful.
-See ``fastapiredis/services.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/services.py
-   :language: python
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container wires example service with Redis connection pool. See ``fastapiredis/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Application
------------
-
-Module ``application`` creates ``FastAPI`` app, setup endpoint, and init container.
-
-Endpoint ``index`` has a dependency on example service. The dependency is injected using :ref:`wiring` feature.
-
-Listing of ``fastapiredis/application.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/application.py
-   :language: python
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace example service with a mock. See ``fastapiredis/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 24
-
-Sources
--------
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis>`_.
-
-See also:
-
-- Provider :ref:`async-injections`
-- Resource provider :ref:`resource-async-initializers`
-- Wiring :ref:`async-injections-wiring`
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/fastapi-sqlalchemy.rst

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-.. _fastapi-sqlalchemy-example:
-
-FastAPI + SQLAlchemy example
-============================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,FastAPI,SQLAlchemy,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the FastAPI, SQLAlchemy, and Dependency Injector.
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `FastAPI <https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/>`_ and
-`SQLAlchemy <https://www.sqlalchemy.org/>`_.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy>`_.
-
-Thanks to `@ShvetsovYura <https://github.com/ShvetsovYura>`_ for providing initial example:
-`FastAPI_DI_SqlAlchemy <https://github.com/ShvetsovYura/FastAPI_DI_SqlAlchemy>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── webapp/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── application.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── database.py
-   │   ├── endpoints.py
-   │   ├── models.py
-   │   ├── repositories.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   └── tests.py
-   ├── config.yml
-   ├── docker-compose.yml
-   ├── Dockerfile
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Application factory
--------------------
-
-Application factory creates container, wires it with the ``endpoints`` module, creates
-``FastAPI`` app, and setup routes.
-
-Application factory also creates database if it does not exist.
-
-Listing of ``webapp/application.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/application.py
-   :language: python
-
-Endpoints
----------
-
-Module ``endpoints`` contains example endpoints. Endpoints have a dependency on user service.
-User service is injected using :ref:`wiring` feature. See ``webapp/endpoints.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/endpoints.py
-   :language: python
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container wires example user service, user repository, and utility database class.
-See ``webapp/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Services
---------
-
-Module ``services`` contains example user service. See ``webapp/services.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/services.py
-   :language: python
-
-Repositories
-------------
-
-Module ``repositories`` contains example user repository. See ``webapp/repositories.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/repositories.py
-   :language: python
-
-Models
-------
-
-Module ``models`` contains example SQLAlchemy user model. See ``webapp/models.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/models.py
-   :language: python
-
-Database
---------
-
-Module ``database`` defines declarative base and utility class with engine and session factory.
-See ``webapp/database.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/database.py
-   :language: python
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace repository with a mock. See ``webapp/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 25, 45, 58, 74, 86, 97
-
-Sources
--------
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/fastapi.rst

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-.. _fastapi-example:
-
-FastAPI example
-===============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,FastAPI,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the FastAPI and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `FastAPI <https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/>`_.
-
-The example application is a REST API that searches for funny GIFs on the `Giphy <https://giphy.com/>`_.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/fastapi>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── giphynavigator/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── application.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── endpoints.py
-   │   ├── giphy.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   └── tests.py
-   ├── config.yml
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container is defined in ``giphynavigator/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Endpoints
----------
-
-Endpoint has a dependency on search service. There are also some config options that are used as default values.
-The dependencies are injected using :ref:`wiring` feature.
-
-Listing of ``giphynavigator/endpoints.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/endpoints.py
-   :language: python
-
-Application factory
--------------------
-Application factory creates container, wires it with the ``endpoints`` module, creates
-``FastAPI`` app, and setup routes.
-
-Listing of ``giphynavigator/application.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/application.py
-   :language: python
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace giphy client with a mock ``giphynavigator/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 29,57,72
-
-Sources
--------
-
-Explore the sources on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/fastapi>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/fastdepends.rst

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-.. _fastdepends-example:
-
-FastDepends example
-===================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,FastDepends,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the FastDepends and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example demonstrates how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `FastDepends <https://github.com/Lancetnik/FastDepends>`_, a lightweight dependency injection framework inspired by FastAPI's dependency system, but without the web framework components.
-
-Basic Usage
------------
-
-The integration between FastDepends and Dependency Injector is straightforward. Simply use Dependency Injector's ``Provide`` marker within FastDepends' ``Depends`` function:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    import sys
-
-    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-    from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
-    from fast_depends import Depends
-
-
-    class CoefficientService:
-        @staticmethod
-        def get_coefficient() -> float:
-            return 1.2
-
-
-    class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-        service = providers.Factory(CoefficientService)
-
-
-    @inject
-    def apply_coefficient(
-        a: int,
-        coefficient_provider: CoefficientService = Depends(Provide[Container.service]),
-    ) -> float:
-        return a * coefficient_provider.get_coefficient()
-
-
-    container = Container()
-    container.wire(modules=[sys.modules[__name__]])
-
-    apply_coefficient(100) == 120.0

docs/examples/flask-blueprints.rst

@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-.. _flask-blueprints-example:
-
-Flask blueprints example
-========================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Flask,Blueprints,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the Flask Blueprints and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `Flask <https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/1.1.x/>`_
-blueprints.
-
-The example application helps to search for repositories on the Github.
-
-.. image:: images/flask.png
-    :width: 100%
-    :align: center
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── githubnavigator/
-   │   ├── blueprints
-   │   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   │   └── example.py
-   │   ├── templates
-   │   │   ├── base.html
-   │   │   └── index.py
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── application.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   └── tests.py
-   ├── config.yml
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container is defined in ``githubnavigator/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints/githubnavigator/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Blueprints
-----------
-
-Blueprint's view has dependencies on search service and some config options. The dependencies are injected
-using :ref:`wiring` feature.
-
-Listing of ``githubnavigator/blueprints/example.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints/githubnavigator/blueprints/example.py
-   :language: python
-
-Application factory
--------------------
-
-Application factory creates container, wires it with the blueprints, creates
-``Flask`` app, and setup routes.
-
-Listing of ``githubnavigator/application.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints/githubnavigator/application.py
-   :language: python
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace github client with a mock ``githubnavigator/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints/githubnavigator/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 44,67
-
-Sources
--------
-
-Explore the sources on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/flask.rst

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-.. _flask-example:
-
-Flask example
-=============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Flask,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the Flask and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `Flask <https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/1.1.x/>`_.
-
-The example application helps to search for repositories on the Github.
-
-.. image:: images/flask.png
-    :width: 100%
-    :align: center
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/flask>`_.
-
-:ref:`flask-tutorial` demonstrates how to build this application step-by-step.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── githubnavigator/
-   │   ├── templates
-   │   │   ├── base.html
-   │   │   └── index.py
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── application.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   ├── tests.py
-   │   └── views.py
-   ├── config.yml
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container is defined in ``githubnavigator/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask/githubnavigator/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Views
------
-
-View has dependencies on search service and some config options. The dependencies are injected
-using :ref:`wiring` feature.
-
-Listing of ``githubnavigator/views.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask/githubnavigator/views.py
-   :language: python
-
-Application factory
--------------------
-Application factory creates container, wires it with the ``views`` module, creates
-``Flask`` app and setup routes.
-
-Listing of ``githubnavigator/application.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask/githubnavigator/application.py
-   :language: python
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace github client with a mock ``githubnavigator/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/flask/githubnavigator/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 44,67
-
-Sources
--------
-
-Explore the sources on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/flask>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/index.rst

@@ -2,26 +2,23 @@ Examples
 ========
 
 .. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Example
+   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control
-   :description: Python dependency injection examples.
+   :description: Current section of documentation is designed to provide 
+                 several example mini applications that are built on the top 
+                 of inversion of control principle and powered by 
+                 "Dependency Injector" framework.
 
-Explore the examples to see the ``Dependency Injector`` in action.
+Current section of documentation is designed to provide several example mini 
+applications that are built according to the inversion of control principle 
+and powered by *Dependency Injector* framework.
 
 ..  toctree::
     :maxdepth: 2
 
-    application-single-container
+    services_miniapp_v1
-    application-multiple-containers
+    services_miniapp_v2
-    decoupled-packages
+    bundles_miniapp
-    boto3
+    use_cases_miniapp
-    django
+    password_hashing_miniapp
-    flask
+    chained_factories
-    flask-blueprints
+    factory_of_factories
-    aiohttp
-    sanic
-    fastapi
-    fastapi-redis
-    fastapi-sqlalchemy
-    fastdepends
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/password_hashing_miniapp.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Dependency injection and password hashing in Python
+===================================================
+
+Small example that demonstrates using of dependency injection for user
+password hashing.
+
+Instructions for running:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    python example.py
+
+Listing of ``example.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/password_hashing/example.py
+   :language: python
+
+.. disqus::

docs/examples/sanic.rst

@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-.. _sanic-example:
-
-Sanic example
-==============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,Sanic,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the Sanic and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example shows how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `Sanic <https://sanic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_.
-
-The example application is a REST API that searches for funny GIFs on the `Giphy <https://giphy.com/>`_.
-
-The source code is available on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/sanic>`_.
-
-Application structure
----------------------
-
-Application has next structure:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   ./
-   ├── giphynavigator/
-   │   ├── __init__.py
-   │   ├── __main__.py
-   │   ├── application.py
-   │   ├── containers.py
-   │   ├── giphy.py
-   │   ├── handlers.py
-   │   ├── services.py
-   │   └── tests.py
-   ├── config.yml
-   └── requirements.txt
-
-Container
----------
-
-Declarative container is defined in ``giphynavigator/containers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/sanic/giphynavigator/containers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Handlers
---------
-
-Handler has dependencies on search service and some config options. The dependencies are injected
-using :ref:`wiring` feature.
-
-Listing of ``giphynavigator/handlers.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/sanic/giphynavigator/handlers.py
-   :language: python
-
-Application factory
--------------------
-Application factory creates container, wires it with the ``handlers`` module, creates
-``Sanic`` app and setup routes.
-
-Listing of ``giphynavigator/application.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/sanic/giphynavigator/application.py
-   :language: python
-
-Tests
------
-
-Tests use :ref:`provider-overriding` feature to replace giphy client with a mock ``giphynavigator/tests.py``:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/sanic/giphynavigator/tests.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 34,61,75
-
-Sources
--------
-
-Explore the sources on the `Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/sanic>`_.
-
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
-.. disqus::

docs/examples/services_miniapp_v1.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+Services mini application example (v1 - multiple containers)
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+.. meta::
+   :description: "Services miniapp" is an example mini application that 
+                 consists from several services that have dependencies on 
+                 some standard and 3rd-party libraries for logging, 
+                 interaction with database and remote service via API. 
+                 "Services miniapp" example demonstrates usage of 
+                 Dependency Injector for creating several inversion of control /
+                 dependency injection containers.
+
+"Services miniapp" is an example mini application that consists from several 
+services that have dependencies on some standard and 3rd-party libraries for 
+logging, interaction with database and remote service calls via API.
+
+"Services miniapp" example demonstrates usage of 
+:doc:`Dependency Injector <../index>` for creating several IoC containers.
+
+Instructions for running:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    python run.py 1 secret photo.jpg
+
+Example application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Classes diagram:
+
+.. image:: /images/miniapps/services/classes.png
+    :width: 100%
+    :align: center
+
+
+Example application structure:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    /example
+        /__init__.py
+        /main.py
+        /services.py
+
+
+Listing of ``example/services.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v1/example/services.py
+   :language: python
+
+Listing of ``example/main.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v1/example/main.py
+   :language: python
+
+IoC containers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Listing of ``containers.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v1/containers.py
+   :language: python
+
+Run application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Listing of ``run.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v1/run.py
+   :language: python
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/examples/services_miniapp_v2.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+Services mini application example (v2 - single container)
+---------------------------------------------------------
+
+.. meta::
+   :description: "Services miniapp" is an example mini application that 
+                 consists from several services that have dependencies on 
+                 some standard and 3rd-party libraries for logging, 
+                 interaction with database and remote service via API. 
+                 "Services miniapp" example demonstrates usage of 
+                 Dependency Injector for creating inversion of control /
+                 dependency injection container.
+
+"Services miniapp" is an example mini application that consists from several 
+services that have dependencies on some standard and 3rd-party libraries for 
+logging, interaction with database and remote service calls via API.
+
+"Services miniapp" example demonstrates usage of 
+:doc:`Dependency Injector <../index>` for creating IoC container.
+
+Instructions for running:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    python run.py 1 secret photo.jpg
+
+Example application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Classes diagram:
+
+.. image:: /images/miniapps/services/classes.png
+    :width: 100%
+    :align: center
+
+
+Example application structure:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    /example
+        /__init__.py
+        /main.py
+        /services.py
+
+
+Listing of ``example/services.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v2/example/services.py
+   :language: python
+
+Listing of ``example/main.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v2/example/main.py
+   :language: python
+
+IoC container
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Listing of ``container.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v2/container.py
+   :language: python
+
+Run application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Listing of ``run.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/services_v2/run.py
+   :language: python
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/examples/use_cases_miniapp.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+Use cases mini application example
+----------------------------------
+
+.. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
+
+"Use cases" miniapp demonstrate usage of :py:class:`DependenciesContainer` 
+provider.
+
+Example application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+"Use cases" mini application has next structure:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    use_cases/
+        example/               <-- Example package
+            __init__.py
+            adapters.py
+            use_cases.py
+        containers.py          <-- Dependency injection containers
+        run.py                 <-- Entrypoint
+
+
+IoC containers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Listing of ``use_cases/containers.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/use_cases/containers.py
+   :language: python
+
+Run application
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Listing of ``run.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/use_cases/run.py
+   :language: python
+
+Instructions for running:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    python run.py prod example@example.com  # Running in "production" environment
+    python run.py test example@example.com  # Running in "testing" environment
+
+Links
+~~~~~
+
++ `Dependency Injector <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/>`_
++ `Full example sources <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/use_cases>`_
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/index.rst

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ Dependency Injector --- Dependency injection framework for Python
    :description: Dependency Injector is a dependency injection framework
                  for Python. It helps to maintain you application structure.
                  It was designed to be unified, developer-friendly
-                 tool that helps to implement dependency injection design
+                 tool that helps to implement dependency injection design 
-                 pattern in formal, pretty, Pythonic way. Dependency Injector
+                 pattern in formal, pretty, Pythonic way. Dependency Injector 
-                 provides implementations of such popular design patterns
+                 provides implementations of such popular design patterns 
-                 like IoC container, Factory and Singleton. Dependency
+                 like IoC container, Factory and Singleton. Dependency 
-                 Injector providers are implemented as C extension types
+                 Injector providers are implemented as C extension types 
                  using Cython.
 
 .. _index:
@@ -34,15 +34,15 @@ Dependency Injector --- Dependency injection framework for Python
    :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
    :alt: Supported Python implementations
 
-.. image:: https://static.pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector
+.. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector
    :target: https://pepy.tech/project/dependency-injector
    :alt: Downloads
 
-.. image:: https://static.pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector/month
+.. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector/month
    :target: https://pepy.tech/project/dependency-injector
    :alt: Downloads
 
-.. image:: https://static.pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector/week
+.. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/dependency-injector/week
    :target: https://pepy.tech/project/dependency-injector
    :alt: Downloads
 
@@ -50,84 +50,47 @@ Dependency Injector --- Dependency injection framework for Python
    :target: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
    :alt: Wheel
 
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tests-and-linters.yml?branch=master
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector.svg?branch=master
-   :target: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/actions
+   :target: https://travis-ci.org/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
    :alt: Build Status
 
+.. image:: http://readthedocs.org/projects/python-dependency-injector/badge/?version=latest
+   :target: http://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/
+   :alt: Docs Status
+
 .. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/badge.svg?branch=master
    :target: https://coveralls.io/github/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector?branch=master
    :alt: Coverage Status
 
 ``Dependency Injector`` is a dependency injection framework for Python.
 
-It helps implementing the dependency injection principle.
+It stands on two principles:
 
-Key features of the ``Dependency Injector``:
+- Explicit is better than implicit (PEP20).
+- Do no magic to your code.
 
-- **Providers**. Provides ``Factory``, ``Singleton``, ``Callable``, ``Coroutine``, ``Object``,
+How does it different from the other frameworks?
-  ``List``, ``Dict``, ``Configuration``, ``Resource``, ``Dependency``, and ``Selector`` providers
-  that help assemble your objects. See :ref:`providers`.
-- **Overriding**. Can override any provider by another provider on the fly. This helps in testing
-  and configuring dev/stage environment to replace API clients with stubs etc. See
-  :ref:`provider-overriding`.
-- **Configuration**. Reads configuration from ``yaml``, ``ini``, and ``json`` files, ``pydantic`` settings,
-  environment variables, and dictionaries. See :ref:`configuration-provider`.
-- **Resources**. Helps with initialization and configuring of logging, event loop, thread
-  or process pool, etc. Can be used for per-function execution scope in tandem with wiring.
-  See :ref:`resource-provider`.
-- **Containers**. Provides declarative and dynamic containers. See :ref:`containers`.
-- **Wiring**. Injects dependencies into functions and methods. Helps integrate with
-  other frameworks: Django, Flask, Aiohttp, Sanic, FastAPI, etc. See :ref:`wiring`.
-- **Asynchronous**. Supports asynchronous injections. See :ref:`async-injections`.
-- **Typing**. Provides typing stubs, ``mypy``-friendly. See :ref:`provider-typing`.
-- **Performance**. Fast. Written in ``Cython``.
-- **Maturity**. Mature and production-ready. Well-tested, documented, and supported.
 
-.. code-block:: python
+- **No autowiring.** The framework does NOT do any autowiring / autoresolving of the dependencies. You need to specify everything explicitly. Because *"Explicit is better than implicit" (PEP20)*.
+- **Does not pollute your code.** Your application does NOT know and does NOT depend on the framework. No ``@inject`` decorators, annotations, patching or any other magic tricks.
 
-   from dependency_injector import containers, providers
+``Dependency Injector`` makes a simple contract with you:
-   from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
 
+- You tell the framework how to assemble your objects
+- The framework does it for you
 
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+The power of the ``Dependency Injector`` is in its simplicity and straightforwardness. It is a simple tool for the powerful concept.
 
-       config = providers.Configuration()
+With the ``Dependency Injector`` you keep **application structure in one place**.
+This place is called **the container**. You use the container to manage all the components of the
+application. All the component dependencies are defined explicitly. This provides the control on
+the application structure. It is **easy to understand and change** it.
 
-       api_client = providers.Singleton(
+.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiki/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/img/di-map.svg
-           ApiClient,
-           api_key=config.api_key,
-           timeout=config.timeout,
-       )
-
-       service = providers.Factory(
-           Service,
-           api_client=api_client,
-       )
-
-
-   @inject
-   def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]) -> None:
-       ...
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()
-       container.config.api_key.from_env("API_KEY", required=True)
-       container.config.timeout.from_env("TIMEOUT", as_=int, default=5)
-       container.wire(modules=[__name__])
-
-       main()  # <-- dependency is injected automatically
-
-       with container.api_client.override(mock.Mock()):
-           main()  # <-- overridden dependency is injected automatically
-
-With the ``Dependency Injector``, object assembling is consolidated in the container.
-Dependency injections are defined explicitly.
-This makes it easier to understand and change how the application works.
-
-.. figure:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiki/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/img/di-readme.svg
    :target: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
 
+*The container is like a map of your application. You always know what depends on what.*
+
 Explore the documentation to know more about the ``Dependency Injector``.
 
 .. _contents:
@@ -135,16 +98,15 @@ Explore the documentation to know more about the ``Dependency Injector``.
 Contents
 --------
 
-.. toctree::
+..  toctree::
-   :maxdepth: 2
+    :maxdepth: 2
 
-   introduction/index
+    introduction/index
-   examples/index
+    main/installation
-   tutorials/index
+    tutorials/index
-   providers/index
+    providers/index
-   containers/index
+    containers/index
-   wiring
+    examples/index
-   examples-other/index
+    api/index
-   api/index
+    main/feedback
-   main/feedback
+    main/changelog
-   main/changelog

docs/introduction/di_in_python.rst

@@ -1,315 +1,153 @@
 Dependency injection and inversion of control in Python
-=======================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------
 
 .. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Example
+   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control
-   :description: This page describes a usage of the dependency injection and inversion of control
+   :description: This article describes benefits of dependency injection and 
-                 in Python. It contains Python examples that show how to implement dependency
+                 inversion of control for Python applications. Also it 
-                 injection. It demonstrates a usage of the dependency injection framework
+                 contains some Python examples that show how dependency 
-                 Dependency Injector, its container, Factory, Singleton and Configuration
+                 injection and inversion could be implemented. In addition, it 
-                 providers. The example show how to use Dependency Injector providers overriding
+                 demonstrates usage of dependency injection framework, 
-                 feature for testing or configuring project in different environments and explains
+                 IoC container and such popular design pattern as Factory.
-                 why it's better than monkey-patching.
+
+History
+~~~~~~~
+
+Originally, dependency injection pattern got popular in languages with static 
+typing, like Java. Dependency injection framework can 
+significantly improve flexibility of the language with static typing. Also,
+implementation of dependency injection framework for language with static 
+typing is not something that one can do shortly, it could be quite complex 
+thing to be done well.
+
+While Python is very flexible interpreted language with dynamic typing, there 
+is a meaning that dependency injection doesn't work for it as well, as it does 
+for Java. Also there is a meaning that dependency injection framework is 
+something that Python developer would not ever need, cause dependency injection
+could be implemented easily using language fundamentals.
+
+Discussion
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+It is true. 
+
+Partly.
+
+Dependency injection, as a software design pattern, has number of 
+advantages that are common for each language (including Python):
+
++ Dependency Injection decreases coupling between a class and its dependency.
++ Because dependency injection doesn't require any change in code behavior it 
+  can be applied to legacy code as a refactoring. The result is clients that 
+  are more independent and that are easier to unit test in isolation using 
+  stubs or mock objects that simulate other objects not under test. This ease 
+  of testing is often the first benefit noticed when using dependency 
+  injection.
++ Dependency injection can be used to externalize a system's configuration 
+  details into configuration files allowing the system to be reconfigured 
+  without recompilation (rebuilding). Separate configurations can be written 
+  for different situations that require different implementations of 
+  components. This includes, but is not limited to, testing.
++ Reduction of boilerplate code in the application objects since all work to 
+  initialize or set up dependencies is handled by a provider component.
++ Dependency injection allows a client to remove all knowledge of a concrete 
+  implementation that it needs to use. This helps isolate the client from the 
+  impact of design changes and defects. It promotes reusability, testability 
+  and maintainability.
++ Dependency injection allows a client the flexibility of being configurable. 
+  Only the client's behavior is fixed. The client may act on anything that 
+  supports the intrinsic interface the client expects.
+
+.. note::
+
+    While improved testability is one the first benefits of using dependency 
+    injection, it could be easily overwhelmed by monkey-patching technique, 
+    that works absolutely great in Python (you can monkey-patch anything, 
+    anytime).  At the same time, monkey-patching has nothing similar with 
+    other advantages defined above. Also monkey-patching technique is 
+    something that could be considered like too dirty to be used in production.
+
+The complexity of dependency injection pattern implementation in Python is 
+definitely quite lower than in other languages (even with dynamic typing). 
+
+.. note:: 
+
+    Low complexity of dependency injection pattern implementation in Python 
+    still means that some code should be written, reviewed, tested and 
+    supported.
+
+Talking about inversion of control, it is a software design principle that 
+also works for each programming language, not depending on its typing type.
+
+Inversion of control is used to increase modularity of the program and make 
+it extensible.
+
+Main design purposes of using inversion of control are:
+
++ To decouple the execution of a task from implementation.
++ To focus a module on the task it is designed for.
++ To free modules from assumptions about how other systems do what they do and 
+  instead rely on contracts.
++ To prevent side effects when replacing a module.
+
+Example
+~~~~~~~
+
+Let's go through next example:
+
+.. image:: /images/miniapps/engines_cars/diagram.png
+    :width: 100%
+    :align: center
+
+Listing of ``example.engines`` module:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/engines_cars/example/engines.py
+   :language: python
+
+Listing of ``example.cars`` module:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/engines_cars/example/cars.py
+   :language: python
 
-Originally dependency injection pattern got popular in languages with static typing like Java.
+Next example demonstrates creation of several cars with different engines:
-Dependency injection is a principle that helps to achieve an inversion of control. A
-dependency injection framework can significantly improve the flexibility of a language
-with static typing. Implementation of a dependency injection framework for a language
-with static typing is not something that one can do quickly. It will be a quite complex thing
-to be done well. And will take time.
 
-Python is an interpreted language with dynamic typing. There is an opinion that dependency
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/engines_cars/example_di.py
-injection doesn't work for it as well as it does for Java. A lot of the flexibility is already
+   :language: python
-built-in. Also, there is an opinion that a dependency injection framework is something that
+
-Python developer rarely needs. Python developers say that dependency injection can be implemented
+While previous example demonstrates advantages of dependency injection, there
-easily using language fundamentals.
+is a disadvantage demonstration as well - creation of car requires additional 
+code for specification of dependencies. Nevertheless, this disadvantage could 
+be easily avoided by using a dependency injection framework for creation of 
+inversion of control container (IoC container).
 
-This page describes the advantages of applying dependency injection in Python. It
+Example of creation of several inversion of control containers (IoC containers)
-contains Python examples that show how to implement dependency injection. It demonstrates the usage
+using :doc:`Dependency Injector <../index>`:
-of the ``Dependency Injector`` framework, its container, ``Factory``, ``Singleton``,
-and ``Configuration`` providers. The example shows how to use providers' overriding feature
-of ``Dependency Injector`` for testing or re-configuring a project in different environments and
-explains why it's better than monkey-patching.
 
-What is dependency injection?
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/engines_cars/example_ioc_containers.py
------------------------------
+   :language: python
-
-Let's see what the dependency injection is.
-
-Dependency injection is a principle that helps to decrease coupling and increase cohesion.
-
-.. image:: images/coupling-cohesion.png
-
-What is coupling and cohesion?
-
-Coupling and cohesion are about how tough the components are tied.
-
-- **High coupling**. If the coupling is high it's like using superglue or welding. No easy way
-  to disassemble.
-- **High cohesion**. High cohesion is like using screws. Quite easy to disassemble and
-  re-assemble in a different way. It is an opposite to high coupling.
-
-Cohesion often correlates with coupling. Higher cohesion usually leads to lower coupling and vice versa.
-
-Low coupling brings flexibility. Your code becomes easier to change and test.
-
-How to implement the dependency injection?
-
-Objects do not create each other anymore. They provide a way to inject the dependencies instead.
-
-Before:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   import os
-
-
-   class ApiClient:
-
-       def __init__(self) -> None:
-           self.api_key = os.getenv("API_KEY")  # <-- dependency
-           self.timeout = int(os.getenv("TIMEOUT"))  # <-- dependency
-
-
-   class Service:
-
-       def __init__(self) -> None:
-           self.api_client = ApiClient()  # <-- dependency
-
-
-   def main() -> None:
-       service = Service()  # <-- dependency
-       ...
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       main()
-
-After:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   import os
-
-
-   class ApiClient:
-
-       def __init__(self, api_key: str, timeout: int) -> None:
-           self.api_key = api_key  # <-- dependency is injected
-           self.timeout = timeout  # <-- dependency is injected
-
-
-   class Service:
-
-       def __init__(self, api_client: ApiClient) -> None:
-           self.api_client = api_client  # <-- dependency is injected
-
-
-   def main(service: Service) -> None:  # <-- dependency is injected
-       ...
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       main(
-           service=Service(
-               api_client=ApiClient(
-                   api_key=os.getenv("API_KEY"),
-                   timeout=int(os.getenv("TIMEOUT")),
-               ),
-           ),
-       )
-
-``ApiClient`` is decoupled from knowing where the options come from. You can read a key and a
-timeout from a configuration file or even get them from a database.
-
-``Service`` is decoupled from the ``ApiClient``. It does not create it anymore. You can provide a
-stub or other compatible object.
-
-Function ``main()`` is decoupled from ``Service``. It receives it as an argument.
-
-Flexibility comes with a price.
-
-Now you need to assemble and inject the objects like this:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   main(
-       service=Service(
-           api_client=ApiClient(
-               api_key=os.getenv("API_KEY"),
-               timeout=int(os.getenv("TIMEOUT")),
-           ),
-       ),
-   )
-
-The assembly code might get duplicated and it'll become harder to change the application structure.
-
-Here comes the ``Dependency Injector``.
-
-What does the Dependency Injector do?
--------------------------------------
-
-With the dependency injection pattern, objects lose the responsibility of assembling
-the dependencies. The ``Dependency Injector`` absorbs that responsibility.
-
-``Dependency Injector`` helps to assemble and inject the dependencies.
-
-It provides a container and providers that help you with the objects assembly.
-When you need an object you place a ``Provide`` marker as a default value of a
-function argument. When you call this function, framework assembles and injects
-the dependency.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-   from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration()
-
-       api_client = providers.Singleton(
-           ApiClient,
-           api_key=config.api_key,
-           timeout=config.timeout,
-       )
-
-       service = providers.Factory(
-           Service,
-           api_client=api_client,
-       )
-
-
-   @inject
-   def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]) -> None:
-       ...
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()
-       container.config.api_key.from_env("API_KEY", required=True)
-       container.config.timeout.from_env("TIMEOUT", as_=int, default=5)
-       container.wire(modules=[__name__])
-
-       main()  # <-- dependency is injected automatically
-
-       with container.api_client.override(mock.Mock()):
-           main()  # <-- overridden dependency is injected automatically
-
-When you call the ``main()`` function the ``Service`` dependency is assembled and injected automatically.
-
-When you do testing, you call the ``container.api_client.override()`` method to replace the real API
-client with a mock. When you call ``main()``, the mock is injected.
-
-You can override any provider with another provider.
-
-It also helps you in a re-configuring project for different environments: replace an API client
-with a stub on the dev or stage.
-
-Objects assembling is consolidated in a container. Dependency injections are defined explicitly.
-This makes it easier to understand and change how an application works.
-
-Testing, Monkey-patching and dependency injection
--------------------------------------------------
-
-The testability benefit is opposed to monkey-patching.
-
-In Python, you can monkey-patch anything, anytime. The problem with monkey-patching is
-that it's too fragile. The cause of it is that when you monkey-patch you do something that
-wasn't intended to be done. You monkey-patch the implementation details. When implementation
-changes the monkey-patching is broken.
-
-With dependency injection, you patch the interface, not an implementation. This is a way more
-stable approach.
-
-Also, monkey-patching is way too dirty to be used outside of the testing code for
-re-configuring the project for the different environments.
-
-Conclusion
-----------
-
-Dependency injection provides you with three advantages:
-
-- **Flexibility**. The components are loosely coupled. You can easily extend or change the
-  functionality of a system by combining the components in a different way. You even can do it on
-  the fly.
-- **Testability**. Testing is easier because you can easily inject mocks instead of real objects
-  that use API or database, etc.
-- **Clearness and maintainability**. Dependency injection helps you reveal the dependencies.
-  Implicit becomes explicit. And "Explicit is better than implicit" (PEP 20 - The Zen of Python).
-  You have all the components and dependencies defined explicitly in a container. This
-  provides an overview and control of the application structure. It is easier to understand and
-  change it.
-
-Is it worth applying dependency injection in Python?
-
-It depends on what you build. The advantages above are not too important if you use Python as a
-scripting language. The picture is different when you use Python to create an application. The
-larger the application the more significant the benefits.
-
-Is it worth using a framework for applying dependency injection?
-
-The complexity of the dependency injection pattern implementation in Python is
-lower than in other languages but it's still in place. It doesn't mean you have to use a
-framework but using a framework is beneficial because the framework is:
-
-- Already implemented
-- Tested on all platforms and versions of Python
-- Documented
-- Supported
-- Other engineers are familiar with it
-
-An advice at last:
-
-- **Give it a try**. Dependency injection is counter-intuitive. Our nature is that
-  when we need something the first thought that comes to our mind is to go and get it. Dependency
-  injection is just like "Wait, I need to state a need instead of getting something right away".
-  It's like a little investment that will pay-off later. The advice is to just give it a try for
-  two weeks. This time will be enough for getting your own impression. If you don't like it you
-  won't lose too much.
-- **Common sense first**. Use common sense when applying dependency injection. It is a good
-  principle, but not a silver bullet. If you do it too much you will reveal too many of the
-  implementation details. Experience comes with practice and time.
 
 What's next?
-------------
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Choose one of the following as a next step:
 
-- Look at the application examples:
++ Pass one of the dependency injection tutorials:
-    - :ref:`application-single-container`
+    + :ref:`flask-tutorial`
-    - :ref:`application-multiple-containers`
+    + :ref:`aiohttp-tutorial`
-    - :ref:`decoupled-packages`
+    + :ref:`asyncio-daemon-tutorial`
-    - :ref:`boto3-example`
+    + :ref:`cli-tutorial`
-    - :ref:`django-example`
++ Know more about the :ref:`providers`
-    - :ref:`flask-example`
++ Go to the :ref:`contents`
-    - :ref:`flask-blueprints-example`
-    - :ref:`aiohttp-example`
-    - :ref:`sanic-example`
-    - :ref:`fastapi-example`
-    - :ref:`fastapi-redis-example`
-    - :ref:`fastapi-sqlalchemy-example`
-- Pass the tutorials:
-    - :ref:`flask-tutorial`
-    - :ref:`aiohttp-tutorial`
-    - :ref:`asyncio-daemon-tutorial`
-    - :ref:`cli-tutorial`
-- Know more about the ``Dependency Injector`` :ref:`key-features`
-- Know more about the :ref:`providers`
-- Know more about the :ref:`wiring`
-- Go to the :ref:`contents`
 
 Useful links
-------------
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-A few useful links related to a dependency injection design pattern for further reading:
+There are some useful links related to dependency injection design pattern 
+that could be used for further reading:
 
 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_injection
 + https://martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html
 + https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
 + https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
 
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
 .. disqus::

docs/introduction/index.rst

@@ -3,16 +3,18 @@ Introduction
 
 .. meta::
    :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control
-   :description: Current section of the documentation is provides an
+   :description: Current section of documentation is designed to give some 
-                 overview of the dependency injection, inversion of
+                 overview about dependency injection pattern, inversion of 
-                 control and Dependency Injector framework.
+                 control principle and "Dependency Injector" framework.
 
-The current section of the documentation provides an overview of the
+Current section of documentation is designed to give some overview about 
-dependency injection, inversion of control, and the ``Dependency Injector`` framework.
+dependency injection pattern, inversion of control principle and 
+*Dependency Injector* framework.
 
 ..  toctree::
     :maxdepth: 2
 
+    what_is_di
     di_in_python
     key_features
-    installation
+    structure

docs/introduction/installation.rst

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-Installation
-============
-
-``Dependency Injector`` is available on `PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/>`_.
-To install the latest version you can use ``pip``:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    pip install dependency-injector
-
-Some modules of the ``Dependency Injector`` are implemented as C extensions.
-``Dependency Injector`` is distributed as a pre-compiled wheels. Wheels are
-available for all supported Python versions on Linux, Windows, and MacOS.
-Linux distribution uses `manylinux <https://github.com/pypa/manylinux>`_.
-
-If there is no appropriate wheel for your environment (Python version and OS)
-installer will compile the package from sources on your machine. You'll need
-a C compiler and Python header files.
-
-To verify the installed version:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    >>> import dependency_injector
-    >>> dependency_injector.__version__
-    '4.39.0'
-
-.. note::
-   When adding ``Dependency Injector`` to ``pyproject.toml`` or ``requirements.txt``
-   don't forget to pin the version to the current major:
-
-   .. code-block:: bash
-
-       dependency-injector>=4.0,<5.0
-
-   *The next major version can be incompatible.*
-
-All releases are available on the `PyPI release history page <https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/#history>`_.
-Each release has an appropriate tag. The tags are available on the
-`GitHub releases page <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/releases>`_.
-
-.. disqus::

docs/introduction/key_features.rst

@@ -1,43 +1,68 @@
-.. _key-features:
-
 Key features
 ------------
 
 .. meta::
    :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control
-   :description: This article describes key features of the Dependency Injector
+   :description: This article describes key features of "Dependency Injector" 
-                 framework.
+                 framework. It also provides some cases and recommendations 
+                 about usage of "Dependency Injector" framework.
 
-Key features of the ``Dependency Injector``:
 
-- **Providers**. Provides ``Factory``, ``Singleton``, ``Callable``, ``Coroutine``, ``Object``,
+``Dependency Injector`` is a dependency injection framework for Python.
-  ``List``, ``Dict``, ``Configuration``, ``Resource``, ``Dependency``, and ``Selector`` providers
+It was designed to be a unified and developer-friendly tool that helps
-  that help assemble your objects. See :ref:`providers`.
+implement a dependency injection design pattern in a formal, pretty, and
-- **Overriding**. Can override any provider by another provider on the fly. This helps in testing
+Pythonic way.
-  and configuring dev/stage environment to replace API clients with stubs etc. See
-  :ref:`provider-overriding`.
-- **Configuration**. Reads configuration from ``yaml``, ``ini``, and ``json`` files, ``pydantic`` settings,
-  environment variables, and dictionaries. See :ref:`configuration-provider`.
-- **Resources**. Helps with initialization and configuring of logging, event loop, thread
-  or process pool, etc. Can be used for per-function execution scope in tandem with wiring.
-  See :ref:`resource-provider`.
-- **Containers**. Provides declarative and dynamic containers. See :ref:`containers`.
-- **Wiring**. Injects dependencies into functions and methods. Helps integrate with
-  other frameworks: Django, Flask, Aiohttp, Sanic, FastAPI, etc. See :ref:`wiring`.
-- **Asynchronous**. Supports asynchronous injections. See :ref:`async-injections`.
-- **Typing**. Provides typing stubs, ``mypy``-friendly. See :ref:`provider-typing`.
-- **Performance**. Fast. Written in ``Cython``.
-- **Maturity**. Mature and production-ready. Well-tested, documented, and supported.
 
-The framework stands on the `PEP20 (The Zen of Python) <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/>`_ principle:
+It stands on two principles:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+- Explicit is better than implicit (PEP20).
+- Do no magic to your code.
 
-   Explicit is better than implicit
+How does it different from the other frameworks?
 
-You need to specify how to assemble and where to inject the dependencies explicitly.
+- **No autowiring.** The framework does NOT do any autowiring / autoresolving of the dependencies. You need to specify everything explicitly. Because *"Explicit is better than implicit" (PEP20)*.
+- **Does not pollute your code.** Your application does NOT know and does NOT depend on the framework. No ``@inject`` decorators, annotations, patching or any other magic tricks.
 
-The power of the framework is in its simplicity.
+``Dependency Injector`` makes a simple contract with you:
-``Dependency Injector`` is a simple tool for the powerful concept.
+
+- You tell the framework how to build you code
+- The framework does it for you
+
+The power of the ``Dependency Injector`` is in its simplicity and straightforwardness. It is a simple tool for the powerful concept.
+
+The key features of the ``Dependency Injector`` framework are:
+
++ Easy, smart, and Pythonic style.
++ Does NOT pollute client code.
++ Obvious and clear structure.
++ Extensibility and flexibility.
++ High performance.
++ Memory efficiency.
++ Thread safety.
++ Documented.
++ Semantically versioned.
++ Distributed as pre-compiled wheels.
+
+``Dependency Injector`` containers and providers are implemented as C extension
+types using ``Cython``.
+
+``Dependency Injector`` framework can be used in the different application types:
+
++ Web applications based on the ``Flask``, ``Django`` or any other web framework.
++ Asynchronous applications ``asyncio``, ``aiohttp``, ``Tornado``, or ``Twisted``.
++ Standalone frameworks and libraries.
++ GUI applications.
+
+``Dependency Injector`` framework can be integrated on the different project
+stages:
+
++ It can be used in the beginning of the development of a new application.
++ It can be integrated into application that is on its active development stage.
++ It can be used for refactoring of legacy application.
+
+Components of ``Dependency Injector`` framework could be used:
+
++ In composition with each other.
++ Independently from each other.
 
 .. disqus::

docs/introduction/structure.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+Structure of Dependency Injector
+--------------------------------
+
+.. meta::
+   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control
+   :description: This article describes "Dependency Injector" framework 
+                 components and their interaction between each other. 
+                 Providers and containers are the former components of 
+                 the framework.
+
+Current section describes *Dependency Injector* main entities and their 
+interaction between each other.
+
+.. image:: /images/internals.png
+    :width: 100%
+    :align: center
+
+There are 2 main entities: providers & containers.
+
+Providers
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+Providers are strategies of accessing objects. For example, 
+:py:class:`dependency_injector.providers.Factory` creates new instance 
+of provided class every time it is called. 
+:py:class:`dependency_injector.providers.Singleton` creates provided 
+instance once and returns it on every next call. Base class is - 
+:py:class:`dependency_injector.providers.Provider`.
+
+Providers could be:
+
++ Injected into each other.
++ Overridden by each other.
++ Extended.
+
+Containers 
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Containers are collections of providers. They are used for grouping 
+of providers by some principles. Base class is - 
+:py:class:`dependency_injector.containers.DeclarativeContainer`.
+
+Containers could be:
+
++ Overridden by each other.
++ Copied from each other.
++ Extended.
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/introduction/what_is_di.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+What is dependency injection and inversion of control?
+------------------------------------------------------
+
+.. meta::
+   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control
+   :description: This article provides definition of dependency injection, 
+                 inversion of control and dependency inversion. It contains 
+                 example code in Python that is refactored to be following 
+                 inversion of control principle.
+
+Definition
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Wikipedia provides quite good definitions of dependency injection pattern
+and related principles:
+
+.. glossary::
+
+    `Dependency injection`_
+        In software engineering, dependency injection is a software design 
+        pattern that implements inversion of control for resolving 
+        dependencies. A dependency is an object that can be used (a service). 
+        An injection is the passing of a dependency to a dependent object (a 
+        client) that would use it. The service is made part of the client's 
+        state. Passing the service to the client, rather than allowing a 
+        client to build or find the service, is the fundamental requirement of 
+        the pattern.
+
+        Dependency injection allows a program design to follow the dependency 
+        inversion principle. The client delegates to external code (the 
+        injector) the responsibility of providing its dependencies. The client 
+        is not allowed to call the injector code. It is the injecting code 
+        that constructs the services and calls the client to inject them. This 
+        means the client code does not need to know about the injecting code. 
+        The client does not need to know how to construct the services. The 
+        client does not need to know which actual services it is using. The 
+        client only needs to know about the intrinsic interfaces of the 
+        services because these define how the client may use the services. 
+        This separates the responsibilities of use and construction.
+
+    `Inversion of control`_
+        In software engineering, inversion of control (IoC) describes a design 
+        in which custom-written portions of a computer program receive the 
+        flow of control from a generic, reusable library. A software 
+        architecture with this design inverts control as compared to 
+        traditional procedural programming: in traditional programming, the 
+        custom code that expresses the purpose of the program calls into 
+        reusable libraries to take care of generic tasks, but with inversion 
+        of control, it is the reusable code that calls into the custom, or 
+        task-specific, code.
+
+        Inversion of control is used to increase modularity of the program and 
+        make it extensible, and has applications in object-oriented 
+        programming and other programming paradigms. The term was popularized 
+        by Robert C. Martin and Martin Fowler.
+
+        The term is related to, but different from, the dependency inversion 
+        principle, which concerns itself with decoupling dependencies between 
+        high-level and low-level layers through shared abstractions.
+
+    `Dependency inversion`_
+        In object-oriented programming, the dependency inversion principle 
+        refers to a specific form of decoupling software modules. When 
+        following this principle, the conventional dependency relationships 
+        established from high-level, policy-setting modules to low-level, 
+        dependency modules are reversed, thus rendering high-level modules 
+        independent of the low-level module implementation details. The 
+        principle states:
+
+            + High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. 
+              Both should depend on abstractions.
+            + Abstractions should not depend on details. 
+              Details should depend on abstractions.
+
+        The principle inverts the way some people may think about 
+        object-oriented design, dictating that both high- and low-level 
+        objects must depend on the same abstraction. 
+
+Example
+~~~~~~~
+
+Let's go through the code of ``example.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/di_demo/example.py
+   :language: python
+
+At some point, things defined above mean, that the code from ``example.py``,
+could look different, like in ``example_di.py``:
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/di_demo/example_di.py
+   :language: python
+
+Best explanation, ever
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Some times ago `user198313`_ posted awesome `question`_ about dependency 
+injection on `StackOverflow`_:
+
+.. note:: 
+
+    How to explain dependency injection to a 5-year-old?
+
+And `John Munsch`_ provided absolutely Great answer:
+
+.. note:: 
+
+    When you go and get things out of the refrigerator for yourself, you can 
+    cause problems. You might leave the door open, you might get something 
+    Mommy or Daddy doesn't want you to have. You might even be looking for 
+    something we don't even have or which has expired.
+
+    What you should be doing is stating a need, "I need something to drink 
+    with lunch," and then we will make sure you have something when you sit 
+    down to eat.
+
+
+.. disqus::
+
+
+.. _Dependency injection: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_injection
+.. _Inversion of control: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inversion_of_control
+.. _Dependency inversion: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_inversion_principle
+.. _StackOverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/
+.. _question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1638919/how-to-explain-dependency-injection-to-a-5-year-old/1639186
+.. _user198313: http://stackoverflow.com/users/198313/user198313
+.. _John Munsch: http://stackoverflow.com/users/31899/john-munsch

docs/main/feedback.rst

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 Feedback
 ========
 
-To post a question, bug report, a feature proposal or get some help open a
+Feel free to post questions, bugs, feature requests, proposals etc. on
-`Github Issue <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues>`_ or leave a comment
+*Dependency Injector*  GitHub Issues:
-below.
+
+    https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues
+
+Your feedback is quite important!
+
 
 .. disqus::

docs/main/installation.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+Installation
+============
+
+*Dependency Injector* framework is distributed by PyPi_.
+
+Latest stable version (and all previous versions) of *Dependency Injector* 
+framework can be installed from PyPi_:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    pip install dependency-injector
+
+.. note::
+    Some components of *Dependency Injector* are implemented as C extension types. 
+    *Dependency Injector* is distributed as an archive with a source code, so 
+    C compiler and Python header files are required for the installation.
+
+Sources can be cloned from GitHub_:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    git clone https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector.git
+
+Also all *Dependency Injector* releases can be downloaded from 
+`GitHub releases page`_.
+
+Verification of currently installed version could be done using 
+:py:obj:`dependency_injector.VERSION` constant:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    >>> import dependency_injector
+    >>> dependency_injector.__version__
+    '3.15.2'
+
+.. _PyPi: https://pypi.org/project/dependency-injector/
+.. _GitHub: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector
+.. _GitHub releases page: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/releases
+
+
+.. disqus::

docs/providers/aggregate.rst

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-.. _aggregate-provider:
-
-Aggregate provider
-==================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Configuration,Injection,
-              Aggregate,Polymorphism,Environment Variable,Flexibility
-   :description: Aggregate provider aggregates other providers.
-                 This page demonstrates how to implement the polymorphism and increase the
-                 flexibility of your application using the Aggregate provider.
-
-:py:class:`Aggregate` provider aggregates a group of other providers.
-
-.. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/aggregate.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 24-27
-
-Each provider in the ``Aggregate`` is associated with a key. You can call aggregated providers by providing
-their key as a first argument. All positional and keyword arguments following the key will be forwarded to
-the called provider:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   yaml_reader = container.config_readers("yaml", "./config.yml", foo=...)
-
-You can also retrieve an aggregated provider by providing its key as an attribute name:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   yaml_reader = container.config_readers.yaml("./config.yml", foo=...)
-
-To retrieve a dictionary of aggregated providers, use ``.providers`` attribute:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container.config_readers.providers == {
-       "yaml": <YAML provider>,
-       "json": <JSON provider>,
-   }
-
-.. note::
-   You can not override the ``Aggregate`` provider.
-
-.. note::
-   When you inject the ``Aggregate`` provider, it is passed "as is".
-
-To use non-string keys or string keys with ``.`` and ``-``, provide a dictionary as a positional argument:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   aggregate = providers.Aggregate({
-       SomeClass: providers.Factory(...),
-       "key.with.periods": providers.Factory(...),
-       "key-with-dashes": providers.Factory(...),
-   })
-
-.. seealso::
-   :ref:`selector-provider` to make injections based on a configuration value, environment variable, or a result of a callable.
-
-   ``Aggregate`` provider is different from the :ref:`selector-provider`. ``Aggregate`` provider doesn't select which provider
-   to inject and doesn't have a selector. It is a group of providers and is always injected "as is". The rest of the interface
-   of both providers is similar.
-
-.. note::
-   ``Aggregate`` provider is a successor of :ref:`factory-aggregate-provider` provider. ``Aggregate`` provider doesn't have
-   a restriction on the provider type, while ``FactoryAggregate`` aggregates only ``Factory`` providers.
-
-.. disqus::

docs/providers/async.rst

@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-.. _async-injections:
-
-Asynchronous injections
-=======================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Providers,Async,Injections,Asynchronous,Await,
-              Asyncio
-   :description: Dependency Injector providers support asynchronous injections. This page
-                 demonstrates how make asynchronous dependency injections in Python.
-
-Providers support asynchronous injections.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/async.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 26-29
-   :lines: 3-
-
-If provider has any awaitable injections it switches into async mode. In async mode provider always returns awaitable.
-This causes a cascade effect:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   provider1()              <── Async mode enabled <──┐
-   │                                                  │
-   ├──> provider2()                                   │
-   │                                                  │
-   ├──> provider3()         <── Async mode enabled <──┤
-   │    │                                             │
-   │    └──> provider4()    <── Async provider ───────┘
-   │
-   └──> provider5()
-        │
-        └──> provider6()
-
-In async mode provider prepares injections asynchronously.
-
-If provider has multiple awaitable dependencies, it will run them concurrently. Provider will wait until all
-dependencies are ready and inject them afterwards.
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   provider1()
-   │
-   ├──> provider2()         <── Async mode enabled
-   │
-   ├──> provider3()         <── Async mode enabled
-   │
-   └──> provider4()         <── Async mode enabled
-
-Here is what provider will do for the previous example:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   injections = await asyncio.gather(
-       provider2(),
-       provider3(),
-       provider4(),
-   )
-   await provider1(*injections)
-
-Overriding behaviour
---------------------
-
-In async mode provider always returns awaitable. It applies to the overriding too. If provider in async mode is
-overridden by a provider that doesn't return awaitable result, the result will be wrapped into awaitable.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/async_overriding.py
-   :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 19-24
-   :lines: 3-
-
-Async mode mechanics and API
-----------------------------
-
-By default provider's async mode is undefined.
-
-When provider async mode is undefined, provider will automatically select the mode during the next call.
-If the result is awaitable, provider will enable async mode, if not - disable it.
-
-If provider async mode is enabled, provider always returns awaitable. If the result is not awaitable,
-provider wraps it into awaitable explicitly. You can safely ``await`` provider in async mode.
-
-If provider async mode is disabled, provider behaves the regular way. It doesn't do async injections
-preparation or non-awaitables to awaitables conversion.
-
-Once provider async mode is enabled or disabled, provider will stay in this state. No automatic switching
-will be done.
-
-.. image:: images/async_mode.png
-
-You can also use following methods to change provider's async mode manually:
-
-- ``Provider.enable_async_mode()``
-- ``Provider.disable_async_mode()``
-- ``Provider.reset_async_mode()``
-
-To check the state of provider's async mode use:
-
-- ``Provider.is_async_mode_enabled()``
-- ``Provider.is_async_mode_disabled()``
-- ``Provider.is_async_mode_undefined()``
-
-See also:
-
-- Wiring :ref:`async-injections-wiring`
-- Resource provider :ref:`resource-async-initializers`
-- :ref:`fastapi-redis-example`
-
-.. disqus::

docs/providers/configuration.rst

@@ -1,18 +1,12 @@
-.. _configuration-provider:
-
 Configuration provider
 ======================
 
 .. meta::
    :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Configuration,Injection,
-              Option,Ini,Json,Yaml,Pydantic,Dict,Environment Variable Interpolation,
+              Option,Ini,Json,Yaml,Dict,Environment Variable,Load,Read,Get
-              Environment Variable Substitution,Environment Variable in Config,
-              Environment Variable in YAML file,Environment Variable in INI file,Default,Load,Read
    :description: Configuration provides configuration options to the other providers. This page
                  demonstrates how to use Configuration provider to inject the dependencies, load
-                 a configuration from an ini or yaml file, a dictionary, an environment variable,
+                 a configuration from an ini or yaml file, dictionary or an environment variable.
-                 or a pydantic settings object. This page also describes how to substitute (interpolate)
-                 environment variables in YAML and INI configuration files.
 
 .. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
 
@@ -20,15 +14,11 @@ Configuration provider
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration.py
    :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 7,12-13
+   :emphasize-lines: 4,9-10
-   :lines: 3-
+   :lines: 4-14
 
 It implements the principle "use first, define later".
 
-.. contents::
-   :local:
-   :backlinks: none
-
 Loading from an INI file
 ------------------------
 
@@ -37,39 +27,17 @@ Loading from an INI file
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_ini.py
    :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
+   :lines: 3-5,6-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
+   :emphasize-lines: 6
 
 where ``examples/providers/configuration/config.ini`` is:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/config.ini
    :language: ini
 
-Alternatively, you can provide a path to the INI file over the configuration provider argument. In that case,
+:py:meth:`Configuration.from_ini` method supports environment variables interpolation. Use
-the container will call ``config.from_ini()`` automatically:
+``${ENV_NAME}`` format in the configuration file to substitute value of the environment
-
+variable ``ENV_NAME``.
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration(ini_files=["./config.ini"])
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()  # Config is loaded from ./config.ini
-
-
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_ini` method supports environment variables interpolation.
-
-.. code-block:: ini
-
-   [section]
-   option1 = ${ENV_VAR}
-   option2 = ${ENV_VAR}/path
-   option3 = ${ENV_VAR:default}
-
-See also: :ref:`configuration-envs-interpolation`.
 
 Loading from a YAML file
 ------------------------
@@ -79,48 +47,17 @@ Loading from a YAML file
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_yaml.py
    :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
+   :lines: 3-5,6-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
+   :emphasize-lines: 6
 
 where ``examples/providers/configuration/config.yml`` is:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/config.yml
    :language: ini
 
-Alternatively, you can provide a path to the YAML file over the configuration provider argument. In that case,
+:py:meth:`Configuration.from_yaml` method supports environment variables interpolation. Use
-the container will call ``config.from_yaml()`` automatically:
+``${ENV_NAME}`` format in the configuration file to substitute value of the environment
-
+variable ``ENV_NAME``.
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration(yaml_files=["./config.yml"])
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()  # Config is loaded from ./config.yml
-
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_yaml` method supports environment variables interpolation.
-
-.. code-block:: ini
-
-   section:
-     option1: ${ENV_VAR}
-     option2: ${ENV_VAR}/path
-     option3: ${ENV_VAR:default}
-
-See also: :ref:`configuration-envs-interpolation`.
-
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_yaml` method uses custom version of ``yaml.SafeLoader``.
-To use another loader use ``loader`` argument:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   import yaml
-
-
-   container.config.from_yaml("config.yml", loader=yaml.UnsafeLoader)
 
 .. note::
 
@@ -136,102 +73,6 @@ To use another loader use ``loader`` argument:
 
    *Don't forget to mirror the changes in the requirements file.*
 
-Loading from a JSON file
-------------------------
-
-``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from a ``json`` file using the
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_json` method:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_json.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
-
-where ``examples/providers/configuration/config.json`` is:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/config.json
-   :language: json
-
-Alternatively, you can provide a path to a json file over the configuration provider argument. In that case,
-the container will call ``config.from_json()`` automatically:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration(json_files=["./config.json"])
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()  # Config is loaded from ./config.json
-
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_json` method supports environment variables interpolation.
-
-.. code-block:: json
-
-   {
-       "section": {
-           "option1": "${ENV_VAR}",
-           "option2": "${ENV_VAR}/path",
-           "option3": "${ENV_VAR:default}"
-       }
-   }
-
-See also: :ref:`configuration-envs-interpolation`.
-
-Loading from a Pydantic settings
---------------------------------
-
-``Configuration`` provider can load configuration from a ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings`` object using the
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_pydantic` method:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_pydantic.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 32
-
-To get the data from pydantic settings ``Configuration`` provider calls its ``model_dump()`` method.
-If you need to pass an argument to this call, use ``.from_pydantic()`` keyword arguments.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container.config.from_pydantic(Settings(), exclude={"optional"})
-
-Alternatively, you can provide a ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings`` object over the configuration provider argument. In that case,
-the container will call ``config.from_pydantic()`` automatically:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration(pydantic_settings=[Settings()])
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()  # Config is loaded from Settings()
-
-
-.. note::
-
-   ``Dependency Injector`` doesn't install ``pydantic-settings`` by default.
-
-   You can install the ``Dependency Injector`` with an extra dependency::
-
-      pip install dependency-injector[pydantic2]
-
-   or install ``pydantic-settings`` directly::
-
-      pip install pydantic-settings
-
-   *Don't forget to mirror the changes in the requirements file.*
-
-.. note::
-
-   For backward-compatibility, Pydantic v1 is still supported.
-   Passing ``pydantic.BaseSettings`` instances will work just as fine as ``pydantic_settings.BaseSettings``.
-
 Loading from a dictionary
 -------------------------
 
@@ -240,8 +81,8 @@ Loading from a dictionary
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_dict.py
    :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
+   :lines: 3-5,6-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12-19
+   :emphasize-lines: 6-13
 
 Loading from an environment variable
 ------------------------------------
@@ -251,37 +92,8 @@ Loading from an environment variable
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_env.py
    :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
+   :lines: 5-7,13-21
-   :emphasize-lines: 18-20
+   :emphasize-lines: 6-8
-
-You can use ``as_`` argument for the type casting of an environment variable value:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 2,6,10
-
-   # API_KEY=secret
-   container.config.api_key.from_env("API_KEY", as_=str, required=True)
-   assert container.config.api_key() == "secret"
-
-   # SAMPLING_RATIO=0.5
-   container.config.sampling.from_env("SAMPLING_RATIO", as_=float, required=True)
-   assert container.config.sampling() == 0.5
-
-   # TIMEOUT undefined, default is used
-   container.config.timeout.from_env("TIMEOUT", as_=int, default=5)
-   assert container.config.timeout() == 5
-
-
-Loading a value
----------------
-
-``Configuration`` provider can load configuration value using the
-:py:meth:`Configuration.from_value` method:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_value.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 14-15
 
 Loading from the multiple sources
 ---------------------------------
@@ -291,131 +103,14 @@ configuration is merged recursively over the existing configuration.
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_multiple.py
    :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
+   :lines: 3-5,6-14
-   :emphasize-lines: 12-13
+   :emphasize-lines: 6-7
 
 where ``examples/providers/configuration/config.local.yml`` is:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/config.local.yml
    :language: ini
 
-.. _configuration-envs-interpolation:
-
-Using environment variables in configuration files
---------------------------------------------------
-
-``Configuration`` provider supports environment variables interpolation in configuration files.
-Use ``${ENV_NAME}`` in the configuration file to substitute value from environment
-variable ``ENV_NAME``.
-
-.. code-block:: ini
-
-   section:
-     option: ${ENV_NAME}
-
-You can also specify a default value using ``${ENV_NAME:default}`` format. If environment
-variable ``ENV_NAME`` is undefined, configuration provider will substitute value ``default``.
-
-.. code-block:: ini
-
-   [section]
-   option = ${ENV_NAME:default}
-
-If you'd like to specify a default value for environment variable inside of the application you can use
-``os.environ.setdefault()``.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_env_interpolation_os_default.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
-
-If environment variable is undefined and doesn't have a default, ``Configuration`` provider
-will replace it with an empty value. This is a default behavior. To raise an error on
-undefined environment variable that doesn't have a default value, pass argument
-``envs_required=True`` to a configuration reading method:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container.config.from_yaml("config.yml", envs_required=True)
-
-See also: :ref:`configuration-strict-mode`.
-
-.. note::
-   ``Configuration`` provider makes environment variables interpolation before parsing. This preserves
-   original parser behavior. For instance, undefined environment variable in YAML configuration file
-   will be replaced with an empty value and then YAML parser will load the file.
-
-   Original configuration file:
-
-   .. code-block:: ini
-
-      section:
-        option: ${ENV_NAME}
-
-   Configuration file after interpolation where ``ENV_NAME`` is undefined:
-
-   .. code-block:: ini
-
-      section:
-        option:
-
-   Configuration provider after parsing interpolated YAML file contains ``None`` in
-   option ``section.option``:
-
-   .. code-block:: python
-
-      assert container.config.section.option() is None
-
-If you want to disable environment variables interpolation, pass ``envs_required=None``:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-   :caption: templates.yml
-
-   template_string: 'Hello, ${name}!'
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   >>> container.config.from_yaml("templates.yml", envs_required=None)
-   >>> container.config.template_string()
-   'Hello, ${name}!'
-
-Mandatory and optional sources
-------------------------------
-
-By default, methods ``.from_yaml()`` and ``.from_ini()`` ignore errors if configuration file does not exist.
-You can use this to specify optional configuration files.
-
-If configuration file is mandatory, use ``required`` argument. Configuration provider will raise an error
-if required file does not exist.
-
-You can also use ``required`` argument when loading configuration from dictionaries and environment variables.
-
-Mandatory YAML file:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container.config.from_yaml("config.yaml", required=True)
-
-Mandatory INI file:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container.config.from_ini("config.ini", required=True)
-
-Mandatory dictionary:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container.config.from_dict(config_dict, required=True)
-
-Mandatory environment variable:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container.config.api_key.from_env("API_KEY", required=True)
-
-See also: :ref:`configuration-strict-mode`.
-
 Specifying the value type
 -------------------------
 
@@ -427,7 +122,7 @@ convert it into an ``int`` or a ``float``.
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_type.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 19
+   :emphasize-lines: 17
 
 ``Configuration`` provider has next helper methods:
 
@@ -440,140 +135,10 @@ The last method ``.as_(callback, *args, **kwargs)`` helps to implement other con
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_type_custom.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 18
+   :emphasize-lines: 16
 
 With the ``.as_(callback, *args, **kwargs)`` you can specify a function that will be called
 before the injection. The value from the config will be passed as a first argument. The returned
 value will be injected. Parameters ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` are handled as any other injections.
 
-.. _configuration-strict-mode:
-
-Strict mode and required options
---------------------------------
-
-You can use configuration provider in strict mode. In strict mode configuration provider raises an error
-on access to any undefined option.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_strict.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
-
-Methods ``.from_*()`` in strict mode raise an exception if configuration file does not exist or
-configuration data is undefined:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 10,15,20,25,30
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration(strict=True)
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()
-
-       try:
-           container.config.from_yaml("does-not_exist.yml")  # raise exception
-       except FileNotFoundError:
-           ...
-
-       try:
-           container.config.from_ini("does-not_exist.ini")  # raise exception
-       except FileNotFoundError:
-           ...
-
-       try:
-           container.config.from_pydantic(EmptySettings())  # raise exception
-       except ValueError:
-           ...
-
-       try:
-           container.config.from_env("UNDEFINED_ENV_VAR")  # raise exception
-       except ValueError:
-           ...
-
-       try:
-           container.config.from_dict({})  # raise exception
-       except ValueError:
-           ...
-
-Environment variables interpolation in strict mode raises an exception when encounters
-an undefined environment variable without a default value.
-
-.. code-block:: ini
-
-   section:
-     option: ${UNDEFINED}
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-       try:
-           container.config.from_yaml("undefined_env.yml")  # raise exception
-       except ValueError:
-           ...
-
-You can override ``.from_*()`` methods behaviour in strict mode using ``required`` argument:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration(strict=True)
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       container = Container()
-
-       container.config.from_yaml("config.yml")
-       container.config.from_yaml("config.local.yml", required=False)
-
-You can also use ``.required()`` option modifier when making an injection. It does not require to switch
-configuration provider to strict mode.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_required.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 11-20
-   :emphasize-lines: 8-9
-
-.. note::
-
-   Modifier ``.required()`` should be specified before type modifier ``.as_*()``.
-
-Aliases
--------
-
-You can use ``Configuration`` provider with a context manager to create aliases.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_alias.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 14,22
-
-.. note::
-
-   Library ``environs`` is a 3rd party library. You need to install it
-   separately::
-
-      pip install environs
-
-   Documentation is available on GitHub: https://github.com/sloria/environs
-
-Injecting invariants
---------------------
-
-You can inject invariant configuration options based on the value of the other configuration
-option.
-
-To use that you should provide the switch-value as an item of the configuration option that
-contains sections ``config.options[config.switch]``:
-
-- When the value of the ``config.switch`` is ``A``, the ``config.options.A`` is injected
-- When the value of the ``config.switch`` is ``B``, the ``config.options.B`` is injected
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/configuration/configuration_itemselector.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 15,30-31,38
-
 .. disqus::

docs/providers/custom.rst

@@ -16,16 +16,12 @@ To create a custom provider you need to follow these rules:
 1. New provider class should inherit :py:class:`Provider`.
 2. You need to implement the ``Provider._provide()`` method.
 3. You need to implement the ``Provider.__deepcopy__()`` method. It should return an
-   equivalent copy of a provider. All providers must be copied with the ``deepcopy()`` function
+   equivalent copy of a provider. All providers must be copied with a ``deepcopy()`` function
-   from the ``providers`` module. It's essential to pass ``memo`` into ``deepcopy`` in order to keep
+   from the ``providers`` module. After the a new provider object is created use
-   the preconfigured ``args`` and ``kwargs`` of stored providers. After the a new provider object
+   ``Provider._copy_overriding()`` method to copy all overriding providers. See the example
-   is created, use ``Provider._copy_overriding()`` method to copy all overriding providers. See the
+   below.
-   example below.
+4. If the new provider has a ``__init__()`` method, it should call the parent
-4. If new provider has a ``__init__()`` method, it should call the parent
    ``Provider.__init__()``.
-5. If new provider stores any other providers, these providers should be listed in
-   ``.related`` property. Property ``.related`` also should yield providers from parent
-   ``.related`` property.
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/custom_factory.py
    :language: python
@@ -34,7 +30,7 @@ To create a custom provider you need to follow these rules:
 .. note::
    1. Prefer delegation over inheritance. If you choose between inheriting a ``Factory`` or
       inheriting a ``Provider`` and use ``Factory`` internally - the last is better.
-   2. When creating a new provider follow the ``Factory``-like injections style. Consistency matters.
+   2. When create a new provider follow the ``Factory``-like injections style. Consistency matters.
    3. Use the ``__slots__`` attribute to make sure nothing could be attached to your provider. You
       will also save some memory.
 

docs/providers/dependency.rst

@@ -1,38 +1,21 @@
-.. _dependency-provider:
-
 Dependency provider
 ===================
 
 .. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
 
-:py:class:`Dependency` provider is a placeholder for a dependency of a certain type.
+:py:class:`Dependency` provider is a placeholder for the dependency of the specified type.
 
-To specify a type of the dependency use ``instance_of`` argument: ``Dependency(instance_of=SomeClass)``.
+The first argument of the ``Dependency`` provider specifies a type of the dependency. It is
-Dependency provider will control that returned object is an instance of ``instance_of`` type.
+called ``instance_of``. ``Dependency`` provider controls the type of the returned object to be an
+instance of the ``instance_of`` type.
+
+The ``Dependency`` provider must be overridden before usage. It can be overridden by any type of
+the provider. The only rule is that overriding provider must return an instance of ``instance_of``
+dependency type.
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/dependency.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 26,35-36
+   :emphasize-lines: 26
-
-To provide a dependency you need to override the ``Dependency`` provider. You can call
-provider ``.override()`` method or provide an overriding provider when creating a container.
-See :ref:`provider-overriding`. If you don't provide a dependency, ``Dependency`` provider
-will raise an error:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/dependency_undefined_error.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 18-
-
-You also can provide a default for the dependency. To provide a default use ``default`` argument:
-``Dependency(..., default=...)``. Default can be a value or a provider. If default is not a provider,
-dependency provider will wrap it into the ``Object`` provider.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/dependency_default.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 16-23
-   :emphasize-lines: 3
-
-See also: :ref:`check-container-dependencies`.
 
 .. disqus::

docs/providers/dict.rst

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-Dict provider
-=============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Dict,Injection
-   :description: Dict provider helps to inject a dictionary of the dependencies. This page demonstrates
-                 how to use Dict provider.
-
-.. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
-
-:py:class:`Dict` provider provides a dictionary of values.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/dict.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 21-24
-
-``Dict`` provider handles keyword arguments the same way as a :ref:`factory-provider`.
-
-To use non-string keys or keys with ``.`` and ``-`` provide a dictionary as a positional argument:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   providers.Dict({
-       SomeClass: providers.Factory(...),
-       "key.with.periods": providers.Factory(...),
-       "key-with-dashes": providers.Factory(...),
-   })
-
-Example:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/dict_non_string_keys.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 40-43
-
-.. disqus::

docs/providers/factory.rst

@@ -40,14 +40,6 @@ injected following these rules:
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
 
-``Factory`` provider can inject attributes. Use ``.add_attributes()`` method to specify
-attribute injections.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/factory_attribute_injections.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 18-18
-
 Passing arguments to the underlying providers
 ---------------------------------------------
 
@@ -81,7 +73,7 @@ all the classes and use special double-underscore ``__`` syntax for passing the
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/factory_init_injections_underlying.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 44,49
+   :emphasize-lines: 24-35,39,42,45
 
 When you use ``__`` separator in the name of the keyword argument the ``Factory`` looks for
 the dependency with the same name as the left part of the ``__`` expression.
@@ -106,49 +98,10 @@ attribute of the provider that you're going to inject.
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/factory_delegation.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 28
+   :emphasize-lines: 25
 
 .. note:: Any provider has a ``.provider`` attribute.
 
-.. _factory-string-imports:
-
-String imports
---------------
-
-``Factory`` provider can handle string imports:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       service = providers.Factory("myapp.mypackage.mymodule.Service")
-
-You can also make a relative import:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   # in myapp/container.py
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       service = providers.Factory(".mypackage.mymodule.Service")
-
-or import a member of the current module just specifying its name:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   class Service:
-       ...
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       service = providers.Factory("Service")
-
-.. note::
-   ``Singleton``, ``Callable``, ``Resource``, and ``Coroutine`` providers handle string imports
-   the same way as a ``Factory`` provider.
-
 .. _factory-specialize-provided-type:
 
 Specializing the provided type
@@ -182,22 +135,18 @@ provider with two peculiarities:
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/abstract_factory.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 34
+   :emphasize-lines: 32
-
-.. _factory-aggregate-provider:
 
 Factory aggregate
 -----------------
 
-:py:class:`FactoryAggregate` provider aggregates multiple factories.
+:py:class:`FactoryAggregate` provider aggregates multiple factories. When you call the
+``FactoryAggregate`` it delegates the call to one of the factories.
 
-.. seealso::
+The aggregated factories are associated with the string names. When you call the
-   :ref:`aggregate-provider` – it's a successor of ``FactoryAggregate`` provider that can aggregate
+``FactoryAggregate`` you have to provide one of the these names as a first argument.
-   any type of provider, not only ``Factory``.
+``FactoryAggregate`` looks for the factory with a matching name and delegates it the work. The
-
+rest of the arguments are passed to the delegated ``Factory``.
-The aggregated factories are associated with the string keys. When you call the
-``FactoryAggregate`` you have to provide one of the these keys as a first argument.
-``FactoryAggregate`` looks for the factory with a matching key and calls it with the rest of the arguments.
 
 .. image:: images/factory_aggregate.png
     :width: 100%
@@ -206,14 +155,14 @@ The aggregated factories are associated with the string keys. When you call the
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/factory_aggregate.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 33-37,47
+   :emphasize-lines: 31-35,43
 
-You can get a dictionary of the aggregated providers using ``.providers`` attribute.
+You can get a dictionary of the aggregated factories using the ``.factories`` attribute of the
-To get a game provider dictionary from the previous example you can use
+``FactoryAggregate``. To get a game factories dictionary from the previous example you can use
-``game_factory.providers`` attribute.
+``game_factory.factories`` attribute.
 
 You can also access an aggregated factory as an attribute. To create the ``Chess`` object from the
-previous example you can do ``chess = game_factory.chess("John", "Jane")``.
+previous example you can do ``chess = game_factory.chess('John', 'Jane')``.
 
 .. note::
    You can not override the ``FactoryAggregate`` provider.
@@ -221,22 +170,4 @@ previous example you can do ``chess = game_factory.chess("John", "Jane")``.
 .. note::
    When you inject the ``FactoryAggregate`` provider it is passed "as is".
 
-To use non-string keys or string keys with ``.`` and ``-``, you can provide a dictionary as a positional argument:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   providers.FactoryAggregate({
-       SomeClass: providers.Factory(...),
-       "key.with.periods": providers.Factory(...),
-       "key-with-dashes": providers.Factory(...),
-   })
-
-Example:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/factory_aggregate_non_string_keys.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 30-33,39-40
-
-
 .. disqus::

docs/providers/index.rst

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ It causes the cascade effect that helps to assemble object graphs. See ``Factory
         │
         └──> provider6()
 
-Another providers feature is an overriding. You can override any provider with another provider.
+Another providers feature is an overriding. You can override any provider by another provider.
 This helps in testing. This also helps in overriding API clients with stubs for the development
 or staging environment. See the example at :ref:`provider-overriding`.
 
@@ -43,15 +43,9 @@ Providers module API docs - :py:mod:`dependency_injector.providers`
     coroutine
     object
     list
-    dict
     configuration
-    resource
-    aggregate
     selector
     dependency
     overriding
     provided_instance
-    inject_self
     custom
-    async
-    typing_mypy

docs/providers/inject_self.rst

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-Injecting container "self"
-==========================
-
-You can inject container "self" into container providers.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/containers/inject_self.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 20, 26
-
-To inject container "self" you need to define ``Self`` provider. Container can have only one ``Self`` provider.
-
-Usually you will use name ``__self__``.
-You can also use different name. When you use different name container will also reference
-defined ``Self`` provider in ``.__self__`` attribute.
-
-Provider ``Self`` is not listed in container ``.providers`` attributes.
-
-.. disqus::
-

docs/providers/list.rst

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ List provider
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/list.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 21-24
+   :emphasize-lines: 19-22
 
 ``List`` provider handles positional arguments the same way as a :ref:`factory-provider`.
 

docs/providers/overriding.rst

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Provider overriding
 
 .. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
 
-You can override any provider with another provider.
+You can override any provider by another provider.
 
 When provider is overridden it calls to the overriding provider instead of providing
 the object by its own.

docs/providers/provided_instance.rst

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ You can inject provided object attribute, item or result of its method call.
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/provided_instance.py
    :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 28-34
+   :emphasize-lines: 26-32
    :lines: 3-
 
 To use the feature you should use the ``.provided`` attribute of the injected provider. This
@@ -32,7 +32,27 @@ You can do nested constructions:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/provided_instance_complex.py
    :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 26-32
+   :emphasize-lines: 24-30
    :lines: 3-
 
+The ``.provided`` attribute is available for the next providers:
+
+- :py:class:`Factory` and its subclasses
+- :py:class:`Singleton` and its subclasses
+- :py:class:`Callable` and its subclasses
+- :py:class:`Object`
+- :py:class:`List`
+- :py:class:`Selector`
+- :py:class:`Dependency`
+
+When you create a new provider subclass and want to implement the ``.provided`` attribute, you
+should use the :py:class:`ProvidedInstance` provider. Add the ``.provided`` property
+implementation to a new subclass:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   @property
+   def provided(self):
+       return ProvidedInstance(self)
+
 .. disqus::

docs/providers/resource.rst

@@ -1,520 +0,0 @@
-.. _resource-provider:
-
-Resource provider
-=================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Resource,Injection,
-              Logging,Event Loop,Thread Pool
-   :description: Resource provider provides a component with initialization and shutdown. It works
-                 well for configuring logging, event loop, thread or process pool, etc.
-                 This page demonstrates how to use resource provider.
-
-.. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
-
-:py:class:`Resource` provider provides a component with initialization and shutdown.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/resource.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-
-Resource providers help to initialize and configure logging, event loop, thread or process pool, etc.
-
-Resource provider is similar to ``Singleton``. Resource initialization happens only once.
-You can make injections and use provided instance the same way like you do with any other provider.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration()
-
-       thread_pool = providers.Resource(
-           init_thread_pool,
-           max_workers=config.max_workers,
-       )
-
-       dispatcher = providers.Factory(
-           TaskDispatcher,
-           executor=thread_pool,
-       )
-
-Container has an interface to initialize and shutdown all resources at once:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container = Container()
-   container.init_resources()
-   container.shutdown_resources()
-
-You can also initialize and shutdown resources one-by-one using ``init()`` and
-``shutdown()`` methods of the provider:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container = Container()
-   container.thread_pool.init()
-   container.thread_pool.shutdown()
-
-When you call ``.shutdown()`` method on a resource provider, it will remove the reference to the initialized resource,
-if any, and switch to uninitialized state. Some of resource initializer types support specifying custom
-resource shutdown.
-
-Resource provider supports 4 types of initializers:
-
-- Function
-- Context Manager
-- Generator (legacy)
-- Subclass of ``resources.Resource`` (legacy)
-
-Function initializer
---------------------
-
-Function is the most common way to specify resource initialization:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   def init_resource(argument1=..., argument2=...):
-       return SomeResource()
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       resource = providers.Resource(
-           init_resource,
-           argument1=...,
-           argument2=...,
-       )
-
-Function initializer may not return a value. This often happens when
-you configure global resource:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   import logging.config
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       configure_logging = providers.Resource(
-           logging.config.fileConfig,
-           fname="logging.ini",
-       )
-
-Function initializer does not provide a way to specify custom resource shutdown.
-
-Context Manager initializer
----------------------------
-
-This is an extension to the Function initializer. Resource provider automatically detects if the initializer returns a
-context manager and uses it to manage the resource lifecycle.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-
-   class DatabaseConnection:
-       def __init__(self, host, port, user, password):
-           self.host = host
-           self.port = port
-           self.user = user
-           self.password = password
-
-       def __enter__(self):
-           print(f"Connecting to {self.host}:{self.port} as {self.user}")
-           return self
-
-       def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-           print("Closing connection")
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration()
-       db = providers.Resource(
-           DatabaseConnection,
-           host=config.db.host,
-           port=config.db.port,
-           user=config.db.user,
-           password=config.db.password,
-       )
-
-Generator initializer (legacy)
-------------------------------
-
-Resource provider can use 2-step generators:
-
-- First step of generator is an initialization phase
-- The second is step is a shutdown phase
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   def init_resource(argument1=..., argument2=...):
-       resource = SomeResource()  # initialization
-
-       yield resource
-
-       # shutdown
-       ...
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       resource = providers.Resource(
-           init_resource,
-           argument1=...,
-           argument2=...,
-       )
-
-Generator initialization phase ends on the first ``yield`` statement. You can return a
-resource object using ``yield resource`` like in the example above. Returning of the
-object is not mandatory. You can leave ``yield`` statement empty:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   def init_resource(argument1=..., argument2=...):
-       # initialization
-       ...
-
-       yield
-
-       # shutdown
-       ...
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       resource = providers.Resource(
-           init_resource,
-           argument1=...,
-           argument2=...,
-       )
-
-.. note::
-
-   Generator initializers are automatically wrapped with ``contextmanager`` or ``asynccontextmanager`` decorator when
-   provided to a ``Resource`` provider.
-
-Subclass initializer (legacy)
------------------------------
-
-You can create resource initializer by implementing a subclass of the ``resources.Resource``:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   from dependency_injector import resources
-
-
-   class MyResource(resources.Resource):
-
-       def init(self, argument1=..., argument2=...) -> SomeResource:
-           return SomeResource()
-
-       def shutdown(self, resource: SomeResource) -> None:
-           # shutdown
-           ...
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       resource = providers.Resource(
-           MyResource,
-           argument1=...,
-           argument2=...,
-       )
-
-Subclass must implement two methods: ``init()`` and ``shutdown()``.
-
-Method ``init()`` receives arguments specified in resource provider.
-It performs initialization and returns resource object. Returning of the object
-is not mandatory.
-
-Method ``shutdown()`` receives resource object returned from ``init()``. If ``init()``
-didn't return an object ``shutdown()`` method will be called anyway with ``None`` as a
-first argument.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   from dependency_injector import resources
-
-
-   class MyResource(resources.Resource):
-
-       def init(self, argument1=..., argument2=...) -> None:
-           # initialization
-           ...
-
-       def shutdown(self, _: None) -> None:
-           # shutdown
-           ...
-
-
-.. _resource-provider-wiring-closing:
-
-Scoping Resources using specialized subclasses
-----------------------------------------------
-
-You can use specialized subclasses of ``Resource`` provider to initialize and shutdown resources by type.
-Allowing for example to only initialize a subgroup of resources.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   class ScopedResource(resources.Resource):
-       pass
-
-   def init_service(name) -> Service:
-      print(f"Init {name}")
-      yield Service()
-      print(f"Shutdown {name}")
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       scoped = ScopedResource(
-           init_service,
-           "scoped",
-       )
-
-       generic = providers.Resource(
-           init_service,
-           "generic",
-       )
-
-
-To initialize resources by type you can use ``init_resources(resource_type)`` and ``shutdown_resources(resource_type)``
-methods adding the resource type as an argument:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   def main():
-       container = Container()
-       container.init_resources(ScopedResource)
-       #  Generates:
-       # >>> Init scoped
-
-       container.shutdown_resources(ScopedResource)
-       #  Generates:
-       # >>> Shutdown scoped
-
-
-And to initialize all resources you can use ``init_resources()`` and ``shutdown_resources()`` without arguments:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   def main():
-       container = Container()
-       container.init_resources()
-       #  Generates:
-       # >>> Init scoped
-       # >>> Init generic
-
-       container.shutdown_resources()
-       #  Generates:
-       # >>> Shutdown scoped
-       # >>> Shutdown generic
-
-
-It works using the ``traverse()`` method to find all resources of the specified type, selecting all resources
-which are instances of the specified type.
-
-
-Resources, wiring, and per-function execution scope
----------------------------------------------------
-
-You can compound ``Resource`` provider with :ref:`wiring` to implement per-function
-execution scope. For doing this you need to use additional ``Closing`` marker from
-``wiring`` module.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/wiring/flask_resource_closing.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 22
-
-Framework initializes and injects the resource into the function. With the ``Closing`` marker
-framework calls resource ``shutdown()`` method when function execution is over.
-
-The example above produces next output:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   Init service
-   Shutdown service
-   127.0.0.1 - - [29/Oct/2020 22:39:40] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
-   Init service
-   Shutdown service
-   127.0.0.1 - - [29/Oct/2020 22:39:41] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
-   Init service
-   Shutdown service
-   127.0.0.1 - - [29/Oct/2020 22:39:41] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
-
-.. _resource-async-initializers:
-
-Asynchronous initializers
--------------------------
-
-When you write an asynchronous application, you might need to initialize resources asynchronously. Resource
-provider supports asynchronous initialization and shutdown.
-
-Asynchronous function initializer:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   async def init_async_resource(argument1=..., argument2=...):
-       return await connect()
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       resource = providers.Resource(
-           init_resource,
-           argument1=...,
-           argument2=...,
-       )
-
-Asynchronous Context Manager initializer:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   @asynccontextmanager
-   async def init_async_resource(argument1=..., argument2=...):
-       connection = await connect()
-       yield connection
-       await connection.close()
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       resource = providers.Resource(
-           init_async_resource,
-           argument1=...,
-           argument2=...,
-       )
-
-Asynchronous subclass initializer:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   from dependency_injector import resources
-
-
-   class AsyncConnection(resources.AsyncResource):
-
-       async def init(self, argument1=..., argument2=...):
-           yield await connect()
-
-       async def shutdown(self, connection):
-           await connection.close()
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       resource = providers.Resource(
-           AsyncConnection,
-           argument1=...,
-           argument2=...,
-       )
-
-When you use resource provider with asynchronous initializer you need to call its ``__call__()``,
-``init()``, and ``shutdown()`` methods asynchronously:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   import asyncio
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       connection = providers.Resource(init_async_connection)
-
-
-   async def main():
-       container = Container()
-       connection = await container.connection()
-       connection = await container.connection.init()
-       connection = await container.connection.shutdown()
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       asyncio.run(main())
-
-Container ``init_resources()`` and ``shutdown_resources()`` methods should be used asynchronously if there is
-at least one asynchronous resource provider:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   import asyncio
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       connection1 = providers.Resource(init_async_connection)
-
-       connection2 = providers.Resource(init_sync_connection)
-
-
-   async def main():
-       container = Container()
-       await container.init_resources()
-       await container.shutdown_resources()
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       asyncio.run(main())
-
-See also:
-
-- Provider :ref:`async-injections`
-- Wiring :ref:`async-injections-wiring`
-- :ref:`fastapi-redis-example`
-
-ASGI Lifespan Protocol Support
-------------------------------
-
-The :mod:`dependency_injector.ext.starlette` module provides a :class:`~dependency_injector.ext.starlette.Lifespan`
-class that integrates resource providers with ASGI applications using the `Lifespan Protocol`_. This allows resources to
-be automatically initialized at application startup and properly shut down when the application stops.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
-    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-    from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
-    from dependency_injector.ext.starlette import Lifespan
-    from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, Depends, APIRouter
-
-    class Connection: ...
-
-    @asynccontextmanager
-    async def init_database():
-        print("opening database connection")
-        yield Connection()
-        print("closing database connection")
-
-    router = APIRouter()
-
-    @router.get("/")
-    @inject
-    async def index(request: Request, db: Connection = Depends(Provide["db"])):
-        # use the database connection here
-        return "OK!"
-
-    class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-        __self__ = providers.Self()
-        db = providers.Resource(init_database)
-        lifespan = providers.Singleton(Lifespan, __self__)
-        app = providers.Singleton(FastAPI, lifespan=lifespan)
-        _include_router = providers.Resource(
-            app.provided.include_router.call(),
-            router,
-        )
-
-    if __name__ == "__main__":
-        import uvicorn
-
-        container = Container()
-        app = container.app()
-        uvicorn.run(app, host="localhost", port=8000)
-
-.. _Lifespan Protocol: https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/lifespan.html
-
-.. disqus::

docs/providers/selector.rst

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Selector provider
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/selector.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 16-20
+   :emphasize-lines: 14-18
 
 The first argument of the ``Selector`` provider is called ``selector``. It can be an option of
 a ``Configuration`` provider or any other callable. The ``selector`` callable has to return a
@@ -30,7 +30,4 @@ When a ``Selector`` provider is called, it gets a ``selector`` value and delegat
 the provider with a matching name. The ``selector`` callable works as a switch: when the returned
 value is changed the ``Selector`` provider will delegate the work to another provider.
 
-.. seealso::
-   :ref:`aggregate-provider` to inject a group of providers.
-
 .. disqus::

docs/providers/singleton.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-.. _singleton-provider:
-
 Singleton provider
 ==================
 
@@ -20,12 +18,13 @@ returns it on the rest of the calls.
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
 
-``Singleton`` provider handles dependencies injection the same way like a :ref:`factory-provider`.
+``Singleton`` provider handles an injection of the dependencies the same way like a
+:ref:`factory-provider`.
 
 .. note::
 
-   ``Singleton`` provider makes dependencies injection only when it creates an object. When an object
+   ``Singleton`` provider does dependencies injection only when creates the object. When the object
-   is created and memorized ``Singleton`` provider just returns it without applying injections.
+   is created and memorized ``Singleton`` provider just returns it without applying the injections.
 
 Specialization of the provided type and abstract singletons work the same like like for the
 factories:
@@ -33,13 +32,6 @@ factories:
 - :ref:`factory-specialize-provided-type`
 - :ref:`abstract-factory`
 
-``Singleton`` provider scope is tied to the container. Two different containers will provider
-two different singleton objects:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/singleton_multiple_containers.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-
 Resetting memorized object
 --------------------------
 
@@ -49,44 +41,12 @@ provider.
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/singleton_resetting.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 18
+   :emphasize-lines: 14
 
 .. note::
    Resetting of the memorized object clears the reference to it. Further object's lifecycle is
    managed by the garbage collector.
 
-You can use ``.reset()`` method with a context manager. Memorized instance will be reset on
-both entering and exiting a context.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/singleton_resetting_with.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 18-19
-
-Context manager ``.reset()`` returns resetting singleton provider. You can use it for aliasing.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   with container.user_service.reset() as user_service:
-       ...
-
-Method ``.reset()`` resets only current provider. To reset all dependent singleton providers
-call ``.full_reset()`` method.
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/singleton_full_resetting.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 25
-
-Method ``.full_reset()`` supports context manager interface like ``.reset()`` does.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   with container.user_service.full_reset() as user_service:
-       ...
-
-See also: :ref:`reset-container-singletons`.
-
 Using singleton with multiple threads
 -------------------------------------
 
@@ -104,7 +64,7 @@ There are two thread-safe singleton implementations out of the box:
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/singleton_thread_locals.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 13,15
+   :emphasize-lines: 11,12
 
 Implementing scopes
 -------------------

docs/providers/typing_mypy.rst

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-.. _provider-typing:
-
-Typing and mypy
-===============
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,DI,Dependency injection,IoC,Inversion of Control,Providers,Typing,Mypy,
-              Pattern,Example
-   :description: Dependency Injector providers are mypy-friendly. Providers module goes with the
-                 typing stubs to provide the typing information to ``mypy``, IDEs and editors.
-
-Providers are ``mypy``-friendly.
-
-Providers module goes with the typing stubs. It provides typing information to ``mypy`` and your
-IDE.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   from dependency_injector import providers
-
-
-   class Animal:
-       ...
-
-
-   class Cat(Animal)
-       ...
-
-
-   provider = providers.Factory(Cat)
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       animal = provider()  # mypy knows that animal is of type "Cat"
-
-
-You can use ``Provider`` as a generic type. This helps when a provider is an argument of a
-function or method.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
-
-   from dependency_injector import providers
-
-
-   class Animal:
-       ...
-
-
-   class Cat(Animal)
-       ...
-
-
-   provider: providers.Provider[Animal] = providers.Factory(Cat)
-
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       animal = provider()  # mypy knows that animal is of type "Animal"
-
-.. disqus::

docs/sponsor.rst

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-.. list-table::
-  :class: no-border
-  :align: left
-
-  * - Sponsor the project on GitHub:
-    - .. raw:: html
-         :file: _static/sponsor.html

docs/tutorials/aiohttp.rst

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Start from the scratch or jump to the section:
    :backlinks: none
 
 You can find complete project on the
-`Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/aiohttp>`_.
+`Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/giphynav-aiohttp>`_.
 
 What are we going to build?
 ---------------------------
@@ -88,18 +88,18 @@ Prepare the environment
 
 Let's create the environment for the project.
 
-First we need to create a project folder:
+First we need to create a project folder and the virtual environment:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
    mkdir giphynav-aiohttp-tutorial
    cd giphynav-aiohttp-tutorial
+   python3 -m venv venv
 
-Now let's create and activate virtual environment:
+Now let's activate the virtual environment:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   python3 -m venv venv
    . venv/bin/activate
 
 Environment is ready and now we're going to create the layout of the project.
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ Initial project layout::
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── application.py
    │   ├── containers.py
-   │   └── handlers.py
+   │   └── views.py
    ├── venv/
    └── requirements.txt
 
@@ -127,6 +127,8 @@ Now it's time to install the project requirements. We will use next packages:
 
 - ``dependency-injector`` - the dependency injection framework
 - ``aiohttp`` - the web framework
+- ``aiohttp-devtools`` - the helper library that will provide a development server with live
+  reloading
 - ``pyyaml`` - the YAML files parsing library, used for the reading of the configuration files
 - ``pytest-aiohttp`` - the helper library for the testing of the ``aiohttp`` application
 - ``pytest-cov`` - the helper library for measuring the test coverage
@@ -137,6 +139,7 @@ Put next lines into the ``requirements.txt`` file:
 
    dependency-injector
    aiohttp
+   aiohttp-devtools
    pyyaml
    pytest-aiohttp
    pytest-cov
@@ -161,51 +164,60 @@ The requirements are setup. Now we will build a minimal application.
 Minimal application
 -------------------
 
-In this section we will build a minimal application. It will have an endpoint that
+In this section we will build a minimal application. It will have an endpoint that we can call.
-will answer our requests in json format. There will be no payload for now.
+The endpoint will answer in the right format and will have no data.
 
-Edit ``handlers.py``:
+Edit ``views.py``:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   """Handlers module."""
+   """Views module."""
 
    from aiohttp import web
 
 
    async def index(request: web.Request) -> web.Response:
-       query = request.query.get("query", "Dependency Injector")
+       query = request.query.get('query', 'Dependency Injector')
-       limit = int(request.query.get("limit", 10))
+       limit = int(request.query.get('limit', 10))
 
        gifs = []
 
        return web.json_response(
            {
-               "query": query,
+               'query': query,
-               "limit": limit,
+               'limit': limit,
-               "gifs": gifs,
+               'gifs': gifs,
            },
        )
 
-Now let's create a container. Container will keep all of the application components and their dependencies.
+Now let's create the main part of our application - the container. Container will keep all of the
+application components and their dependencies. First two providers we need to add are
+the ``aiohttp`` application provider and the view provider.
 
-Edit ``containers.py``:
+Put next into the ``containers.py``:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   """Containers module."""
+   """Application containers module."""
 
    from dependency_injector import containers
+   from dependency_injector.ext import aiohttp
+   from aiohttp import web
+
+   from . import views
 
 
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+   class ApplicationContainer(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-       ...
+       """Application container."""
 
-Container is empty for now. We will add the providers in the following sections.
+       app = aiohttp.Application(web.Application)
 
-Finally we need to create ``aiohttp`` application factory. It will create and configure container
+       index_view = aiohttp.View(views.index)
-and ``web.Application``. It is traditionally called ``create_app()``.
+
-We will assign ``index`` handler to handle user requests to the root ``/`` of our web application.
+At the last we need to create the ``aiohttp`` application factory. It is traditionally called
+``create_app()``. It will create the container. Then it will use the container to create
+the ``aiohttp`` application. Last step is to configure the routing - we will assign
+``index_view`` from the container to handle the requests to the root ``/`` of our REST API server.
 
 Put next into the ``application.py``:
 
@@ -215,24 +227,27 @@ Put next into the ``application.py``:
 
    from aiohttp import web
 
-   from .containers import Container
+   from .containers import ApplicationContainer
-   from . import handlers
 
 
-   def create_app() -> web.Application:
+   def create_app():
-       container = Container()
+       """Create and return aiohttp application."""
+       container = ApplicationContainer()
 
-       app = web.Application()
+       app: web.Application = container.app()
        app.container = container
+
        app.add_routes([
-           web.get("/", handlers.index),
+           web.get('/', container.index_view.as_view()),
        ])
+
        return app
 
+.. note::
 
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
+   Container is the first object in the application.
-       app = create_app()
+
-       web.run_app(app)
+   The container is used to create all other objects.
 
 Now we're ready to run our application
 
@@ -240,30 +255,30 @@ Do next in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   python -m giphynavigator.application
+   adev runserver giphynavigator/application.py --livereload
 
 The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   ======== Running on http://0.0.0.0:8080 ========
+   [18:52:59] Starting aux server at http://localhost:8001 ◆
-   (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+   [18:52:59] Starting dev server at http://localhost:8000 ●
 
-Let's check that it works. Open another terminal session and use ``httpie``:
+Let's use ``httpie`` to check that it works:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   http http://0.0.0.0:8080/
+   http http://127.0.0.1:8000/
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: http
+.. code-block:: json
 
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Content-Length: 844
    Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
    Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2020 21:01:50 GMT
-   Server: Python/3.10 aiohttp/3.6.2
+   Server: Python/3.8 aiohttp/3.6.2
 
    {
        "gifs": [],
@@ -291,7 +306,7 @@ Create ``giphy.py`` module in the ``giphynavigator`` package:
    │   ├── application.py
    │   ├── containers.py
    │   ├── giphy.py
-   │   └── handlers.py
+   │   └── views.py
    ├── venv/
    └── requirements.txt
 
@@ -306,7 +321,7 @@ and put next into it:
 
    class GiphyClient:
 
-       API_URL = "https://api.giphy.com/v1"
+       API_URL = 'http://api.giphy.com/v1'
 
        def __init__(self, api_key, timeout):
            self._api_key = api_key
@@ -314,11 +329,11 @@ and put next into it:
 
        async def search(self, query, limit):
            """Make search API call and return result."""
-           url = f"{self.API_URL}/gifs/search"
+           url = f'{self.API_URL}/gifs/search'
            params = {
-               "q": query,
+               'q': query,
-               "api_key": self._api_key,
+               'api_key': self._api_key,
-               "limit": limit,
+               'limit': limit,
            }
            async with ClientSession(timeout=self._timeout) as session:
                async with session.get(url, params=params) as response:
@@ -330,26 +345,29 @@ Now we need to add ``GiphyClient`` into the container. The ``GiphyClient`` has t
 that have to be injected: the API key and the request timeout. We will need to use two more
 providers from the ``dependency_injector.providers`` module:
 
-- ``Factory`` provider. It will create a ``GiphyClient`` client.
+- ``Factory`` provider that will create the ``GiphyClient`` client.
-- ``Configuration`` provider. It will provide an API key and a request timeout for the ``GiphyClient``
+- ``Configuration`` provider that will provide the API key and the request timeout.
-  client. We will specify the location of the configuration file. The configuration provider will parse
-  the configuration file when we create a container instance.
 
 Edit ``containers.py``:
 
 .. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 3-5,10-16
+   :emphasize-lines: 3,7,15,17-21
 
-   """Containers module."""
+   """Application containers module."""
 
    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
+   from dependency_injector.ext import aiohttp
+   from aiohttp import web
 
-   from . import giphy
+   from . import giphy, views
 
 
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+   class ApplicationContainer(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+       """Application container."""
 
-       config = providers.Configuration(yaml_files=["config.yml"])
+       app = aiohttp.Application(web.Application)
+
+       config = providers.Configuration()
 
        giphy_client = providers.Factory(
            giphy.GiphyClient,
@@ -357,8 +375,20 @@ Edit ``containers.py``:
            timeout=config.giphy.request_timeout,
        )
 
-Now let's add the configuration file. We will use YAML. Create an empty file ``config.yml`` in
+       index_view = aiohttp.View(views.index)
-the root root of the project:
+
+.. note::
+
+   We have used the configuration value before it was defined. That's the principle how the
+   ``Configuration`` provider works.
+
+   Use first, define later.
+
+Now let's add the configuration file.
+
+We will use YAML.
+
+Create an empty file ``config.yml`` in the root root of the project:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
    :emphasize-lines: 9
@@ -369,7 +399,7 @@ the root root of the project:
    │   ├── application.py
    │   ├── containers.py
    │   ├── giphy.py
-   │   └── handlers.py
+   │   └── views.py
    ├── venv/
    ├── config.yml
    └── requirements.txt
@@ -381,39 +411,40 @@ and put next into it:
    giphy:
      request_timeout: 10
 
+We will use an environment variable ``GIPHY_API_KEY`` to provide the API key.
 
-We will use the ``GIPHY_API_KEY`` environment variable to provide the API key. Let’s edit
+Now we need to edit ``create_app()`` to make two things when application starts:
-``create_app()`` to fetch the key value from it.
+
+- Load the configuration file the ``config.yml``.
+- Load the API key from the ``GIPHY_API_KEY`` environment variable.
 
 Edit ``application.py``:
 
 .. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 11
+   :emphasize-lines: 11-12
 
    """Application module."""
 
    from aiohttp import web
 
-   from .containers import Container
+   from .containers import ApplicationContainer
-   from . import handlers
 
 
-   def create_app() -> web.Application:
+   def create_app():
-       container = Container()
+       """Create and return aiohttp application."""
-       container.config.giphy.api_key.from_env("GIPHY_API_KEY")
+       container = ApplicationContainer()
+       container.config.from_yaml('config.yml')
+       container.config.giphy.api_key.from_env('GIPHY_API_KEY')
 
-       app = web.Application()
+       app: web.Application = container.app()
        app.container = container
+
        app.add_routes([
-           web.get("/", handlers.index),
+           web.get('/', container.index_view.as_view()),
        ])
+
        return app
 
-
-   if __name__ == "__main__":
-       app = create_app()
-       web.run_app(app)
-
 Now we need to create an API key and set it to the environment variable.
 
 As for now, don’t worry, just take this one:
@@ -442,7 +473,7 @@ Now it's time to add the ``SearchService``. It will:
 Create ``services.py`` module in the ``giphynavigator`` package:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
-   :emphasize-lines: 8
+   :emphasize-lines: 7
 
    ./
    ├── giphynavigator/
@@ -450,10 +481,9 @@ Create ``services.py`` module in the ``giphynavigator`` package:
    │   ├── application.py
    │   ├── containers.py
    │   ├── giphy.py
-   │   ├── handlers.py
+   │   ├── services.py
-   │   └── services.py
+   │   └── views.py
    ├── venv/
-   ├── config.yml
    └── requirements.txt
 
 and put next into it:
@@ -477,26 +507,31 @@ and put next into it:
 
            result = await self._giphy_client.search(query, limit)
 
-           return [{"url": gif["url"]} for gif in result["data"]]
+           return [{'url': gif['url']} for gif in result['data']]
 
-The ``SearchService`` has a dependency on the ``GiphyClient``. This dependency will be
+The ``SearchService`` has a dependency on the ``GiphyClient``. This dependency will be injected.
-injected when we add ``SearchService`` to the container.
+Let's add ``SearchService`` to the container.
 
 Edit ``containers.py``:
 
 .. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 5,18-21
+   :emphasize-lines: 7,23-26
 
-   """Containers module."""
+   """Application containers module."""
 
    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
+   from dependency_injector.ext import aiohttp
+   from aiohttp import web
 
-   from . import giphy, services
+   from . import giphy, services, views
 
 
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+   class ApplicationContainer(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+       """Application container."""
 
-       config = providers.Configuration(yaml_files=["config.yml"])
+       app = aiohttp.Application(web.Application)
+
+       config = providers.Configuration()
 
        giphy_client = providers.Factory(
            giphy.GiphyClient,
@@ -509,67 +544,67 @@ Edit ``containers.py``:
            giphy_client=giphy_client,
        )
 
-The search service is ready. In next section we're going to put it to work.
+       index_view = aiohttp.View(views.index)
+
+
+The search service is ready. In the next section we're going to make it work.
 
 Make the search work
 --------------------
 
-Now we are ready to put the search into work. Let's inject ``SearchService`` into
+Now we are ready to make the search work. Let's use the ``SearchService`` in the ``index`` view.
-the ``index`` handler. We will use :ref:`wiring` feature.
 
-Edit ``handlers.py``:
+Edit ``views.py``:
 
 .. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 4-7,10-14,18
+   :emphasize-lines: 5,8-11,15
 
-   """Handlers module."""
+   """Views module."""
 
    from aiohttp import web
-   from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
 
    from .services import SearchService
-   from .containers import Container
 
 
-   @inject
    async def index(
            request: web.Request,
-           search_service: SearchService = Provide[Container.search_service],
+           search_service: SearchService,
    ) -> web.Response:
-       query = request.query.get("query", "Dependency Injector")
+       query = request.query.get('query', 'Dependency Injector')
-       limit = int(request.query.get("limit", 10))
+       limit = int(request.query.get('limit', 10))
 
        gifs = await search_service.search(query, limit)
 
        return web.json_response(
            {
-               "query": query,
+               'query': query,
-               "limit": limit,
+               'limit': limit,
-               "gifs": gifs,
+               'gifs': gifs,
            },
        )
 
-To make the injection work we need to wire the container with the ``handlers`` module.
+Now let's inject the ``SearchService`` dependency into the ``index`` view.
-Let's configure the container to automatically make wiring with the ``handlers`` module when we
-create a container instance.
 
 Edit ``containers.py``:
 
 .. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 10
+   :emphasize-lines: 28-31
 
-   """Containers module."""
+   """Application containers module."""
 
    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
+   from dependency_injector.ext import aiohttp
+   from aiohttp import web
 
-   from . import giphy, services
+   from . import giphy, services, views
 
 
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+   class ApplicationContainer(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+       """Application container."""
 
-       wiring_config = containers.WiringConfiguration(modules=[".handlers"])
+       app = aiohttp.Application(web.Application)
 
-       config = providers.Configuration(yaml_files=["config.yml"])
+       config = providers.Configuration()
 
        giphy_client = providers.Factory(
            giphy.GiphyClient,
@@ -582,47 +617,52 @@ Edit ``containers.py``:
            giphy_client=giphy_client,
        )
 
-Make sure the app is running:
+       index_view = aiohttp.View(
+           views.index,
+           search_service=search_service,
+       )
+
+Make sure the app is running or use:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   python -m giphynavigator.application
+   adev runserver giphynavigator/application.py --livereload
 
 and make a request to the API in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   http http://0.0.0.0:8080/ query=="wow,it works" limit==5
+   http http://localhost:8000/ query=="wow,it works" limit==5
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: http
+.. code-block:: json
 
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
-   Content-Length: 492
+   Content-Length: 850
    Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
-   Date: Fri, 09 Oct 2020 01:35:48 GMT
+   Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2020 22:22:55 GMT
-   Server: Python/3.10 aiohttp/3.6.2
+   Server: Python/3.8 aiohttp/3.6.2
 
    {
        "gifs": [
-           {
-               "url": "https://giphy.com/gifs/dollyparton-3xIVVMnZfG3KQ9v4Ye"
-           },
-           {
-               "url": "https://giphy.com/gifs/tennistv-unbelievable-disbelief-cant-believe-UWWJnhHHbpGvZOapEh"
-           },
            {
                "url": "https://giphy.com/gifs/discoverychannel-nugget-gold-rush-rick-ness-KGGPIlnC4hr4u2s3pY"
            },
            {
-               "url": "https://giphy.com/gifs/soulpancake-wow-work-xUe4HVXTPi0wQ2OAJC"
+               "url": "https://giphy.com/gifs/primevideoin-ll1hyBS2IrUPLE0E71"
            },
            {
-               "url": "https://giphy.com/gifs/readingrainbow-teamwork-levar-burton-reading-rainbow-3o7qE1EaTWLQGDSabK"
+               "url": "https://giphy.com/gifs/jackman-works-jackmanworks-l4pTgQoCrmXq8Txlu"
-           }
+           },
+           {
+               "url": "https://giphy.com/gifs/cat-massage-at-work-l46CzMaOlJXAFuO3u"
+           },
+           {
+               "url": "https://giphy.com/gifs/everwhatproductions-fun-christmas-3oxHQCI8tKXoeW4IBq"
+           },
        ],
-       "limit": 5,
+       "limit": 10,
        "query": "wow,it works"
    }
 
@@ -633,48 +673,86 @@ The search works!
 Make some refactoring
 ---------------------
 
-Our ``index`` handler has two hardcoded config values:
+Our ``index`` view has two hardcoded config values:
 
 - Default search query
 - Default results limit
 
 Let's make some refactoring. We will move these values to the config.
 
-Edit ``handlers.py``:
+Edit ``views.py``:
 
 .. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 14-15,17-18
+   :emphasize-lines: 11-12,14-15
 
-   """Handlers module."""
+   """Views module."""
 
    from aiohttp import web
-   from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
 
    from .services import SearchService
-   from .containers import Container
 
 
-   @inject
    async def index(
            request: web.Request,
-           search_service: SearchService = Provide[Container.search_service],
+           search_service: SearchService,
-           default_query: str = Provide[Container.config.default.query],
+           default_query: str,
-           default_limit: int = Provide[Container.config.default.limit.as_int()],
+           default_limit: int,
    ) -> web.Response:
-       query = request.query.get("query", default_query)
+       query = request.query.get('query', default_query)
-       limit = int(request.query.get("limit", default_limit))
+       limit = int(request.query.get('limit', default_limit))
 
        gifs = await search_service.search(query, limit)
 
        return web.json_response(
            {
-               "query": query,
+               'query': query,
-               "limit": limit,
+               'limit': limit,
-               "gifs": gifs,
+               'gifs': gifs,
            },
        )
 
-Let's update the config.
+Now we need to inject these values. Let's update the container.
+
+Edit ``containers.py``:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+   :emphasize-lines: 31-32
+
+   """Application containers module."""
+
+   from dependency_injector import containers, providers
+   from dependency_injector.ext import aiohttp
+   from aiohttp import web
+
+   from . import giphy, services, views
+
+
+   class ApplicationContainer(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+       """Application container."""
+
+       app = aiohttp.Application(web.Application)
+
+       config = providers.Configuration()
+
+       giphy_client = providers.Factory(
+           giphy.GiphyClient,
+           api_key=config.giphy.api_key,
+           timeout=config.giphy.request_timeout,
+       )
+
+       search_service = providers.Factory(
+           services.SearchService,
+           giphy_client=giphy_client,
+       )
+
+       index_view = aiohttp.View(
+           views.index,
+           search_service=search_service,
+           default_query=config.search.default_query,
+           default_limit=config.search.default_limit,
+       )
+
+Finally let's update the config.
 
 Edit ``config.yml``:
 
@@ -683,21 +761,26 @@ Edit ``config.yml``:
 
    giphy:
      request_timeout: 10
-   default:
+   search:
-     query: "Dependency Injector"
+     default_query: "Dependency Injector"
-     limit: 10
+     default_limit: 10
 
 The refactoring is done. We've made it cleaner - hardcoded values are now moved to the config.
 
+In the next section we will add some tests.
+
 Tests
 -----
 
-In this section we will add some tests.
+It would be nice to add some tests. Let's do it.
+
+We will use `pytest <https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/>`_ and
+`coverage <https://coverage.readthedocs.io/>`_.
 
 Create ``tests.py`` module in the ``giphynavigator`` package:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
-   :emphasize-lines: 9
+   :emphasize-lines: 8
 
    ./
    ├── giphynavigator/
@@ -705,17 +788,16 @@ Create ``tests.py`` module in the ``giphynavigator`` package:
    │   ├── application.py
    │   ├── containers.py
    │   ├── giphy.py
-   │   ├── handlers.py
    │   ├── services.py
-   │   └── tests.py
+   │   ├── tests.py
+   │   └── views.py
    ├── venv/
-   ├── config.yml
    └── requirements.txt
 
 and put next into it:
 
 .. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 32,59,73
+   :emphasize-lines: 30,57,71
 
    """Tests module."""
 
@@ -729,9 +811,7 @@ and put next into it:
 
    @pytest.fixture
    def app():
-       app = create_app()
+       return create_app()
-       yield app
-       app.container.unwire()
 
 
    @pytest.fixture
@@ -742,29 +822,29 @@ and put next into it:
    async def test_index(client, app):
        giphy_client_mock = mock.AsyncMock(spec=GiphyClient)
        giphy_client_mock.search.return_value = {
-           "data": [
+           'data': [
-               {"url": "https://giphy.com/gif1.gif"},
+               {'url': 'https://giphy.com/gif1.gif'},
-               {"url": "https://giphy.com/gif2.gif"},
+               {'url': 'https://giphy.com/gif2.gif'},
            ],
        }
 
        with app.container.giphy_client.override(giphy_client_mock):
            response = await client.get(
-               "/",
+               '/',
                params={
-                   "query": "test",
+                   'query': 'test',
-                   "limit": 10,
+                   'limit': 10,
                },
            )
 
        assert response.status == 200
        data = await response.json()
        assert data == {
-           "query": "test",
+           'query': 'test',
-           "limit": 10,
+           'limit': 10,
-           "gifs": [
+           'gifs': [
-               {"url": "https://giphy.com/gif1.gif"},
+               {'url': 'https://giphy.com/gif1.gif'},
-               {"url": "https://giphy.com/gif2.gif"},
+               {'url': 'https://giphy.com/gif2.gif'},
            ],
        }
 
@@ -772,30 +852,30 @@ and put next into it:
    async def test_index_no_data(client, app):
        giphy_client_mock = mock.AsyncMock(spec=GiphyClient)
        giphy_client_mock.search.return_value = {
-           "data": [],
+           'data': [],
        }
 
        with app.container.giphy_client.override(giphy_client_mock):
-           response = await client.get("/")
+           response = await client.get('/')
 
        assert response.status == 200
        data = await response.json()
-       assert data["gifs"] == []
+       assert data['gifs'] == []
 
 
    async def test_index_default_params(client, app):
        giphy_client_mock = mock.AsyncMock(spec=GiphyClient)
        giphy_client_mock.search.return_value = {
-           "data": [],
+           'data': [],
        }
 
        with app.container.giphy_client.override(giphy_client_mock):
-           response = await client.get("/")
+           response = await client.get('/')
 
        assert response.status == 200
        data = await response.json()
-       assert data["query"] == app.container.config.default.query()
+       assert data['query'] == app.container.config.search.default_query()
-       assert data["limit"] == app.container.config.default.limit()
+       assert data['limit'] == app.container.config.search.default_limit()
 
 Now let's run it and check the coverage:
 
@@ -805,26 +885,27 @@ Now let's run it and check the coverage:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block::
+.. code-block:: bash
 
-   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   platform darwin -- Python 3.8.3, pytest-5.4.3, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
-   plugins: asyncio-0.16.0, anyio-3.3.4, aiohttp-0.3.0, cov-3.0.0
+   plugins: cov-2.10.0, aiohttp-0.3.0, asyncio-0.14.0
    collected 3 items
 
    giphynavigator/tests.py ...                                     [100%]
 
-   ---------- coverage: platform darwin, python 3.10.0-final-0 ----------
+   ---------- coverage: platform darwin, python 3.8.3-final-0 -----------
    Name                            Stmts   Miss  Cover
    ---------------------------------------------------
    giphynavigator/__init__.py          0      0   100%
-   giphynavigator/application.py      13      2    85%
+   giphynavigator/__main__.py          5      5     0%
-   giphynavigator/containers.py        7      0   100%
+   giphynavigator/application.py      10      0   100%
+   giphynavigator/containers.py       10      0   100%
    giphynavigator/giphy.py            14      9    36%
-   giphynavigator/handlers.py         10      0   100%
    giphynavigator/services.py          9      1    89%
-   giphynavigator/tests.py            37      0   100%
+   giphynavigator/tests.py            35      0   100%
+   giphynavigator/views.py             7      0   100%
    ---------------------------------------------------
-   TOTAL                              90     12    87%
+   TOTAL                              90     15    83%
 
 .. note::
 
@@ -839,19 +920,45 @@ In this tutorial we've built an ``aiohttp`` REST API application following the d
 injection principle.
 We've used the ``Dependency Injector`` as a dependency injection framework.
 
-:ref:`containers` and :ref:`providers` helped to specify how to assemble search service and
+The benefit you get with the ``Dependency Injector`` is the container. It starts to payoff
-giphy client.
+when you need to understand or change your application structure. It's easy with the container,
+cause you have everything defined explicitly in one place:
 
-:ref:`configuration-provider` helped to deal with reading YAML file and environment variable.
+.. code-block:: python
 
-We used :ref:`wiring` feature to inject the dependencies into the ``index()`` handler.
+   """Application containers module."""
-:ref:`provider-overriding` feature helped in testing.
 
-We kept all the dependencies injected explicitly. This will help when you need to add or
+   from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-change something in future.
+   from dependency_injector.ext import aiohttp
+   from aiohttp import web
 
-You can find complete project on the
+   from . import giphy, services, views
-`Github <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/tree/master/examples/miniapps/aiohttp>`_.
+
+
+   class ApplicationContainer(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+       """Application container."""
+
+       app = aiohttp.Application(web.Application)
+
+       config = providers.Configuration()
+
+       giphy_client = providers.Factory(
+           giphy.GiphyClient,
+           api_key=config.giphy.api_key,
+           timeout=config.giphy.request_timeout,
+       )
+
+       search_service = providers.Factory(
+           services.SearchService,
+           giphy_client=giphy_client,
+       )
+
+       index_view = aiohttp.View(
+           views.index,
+           search_service=search_service,
+           default_query=config.search.default_query,
+           default_limit=config.search.default_limit,
+       )
 
 What's next?
 
@@ -859,6 +966,4 @@ What's next?
 - Know more about the :ref:`providers`
 - Go to the :ref:`contents`
 
-.. include:: ../sponsor.rst
-
 .. disqus::