.cursor/rules/coding-guide.mdc

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
----
-description: Code in Python and Cython
-globs:
-alwaysApply: false
----
-- Follow PEP 8 rules
-- When you write imports, split system, 3rd-party, and local imports with a new line
-- Have two empty lines between the import block and the rest of the code
-- Have an empty line (\n) at the end of every file
-- If a file is supposed to be run, always add ``if __name__ == 'main'``
-- Always follow a consistent pattern of using double or single quotes
-- When there is a class without a docblock, leave one blank line before its members, e.g.:
-```python
-class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-    service = providers.Factory(Service)
-```
-
-- Avoid shortcuts in names unless absolutely necessary, exceptions:
-```
-arg
-args
-kwarg
-kwargs
-obj
-cls
-```
-
-- Avoid inline comments unless absolutely necessary

.cursor/rules/makefile-commands.mdc

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
----
-description: Build and run tests
-globs:
-alwaysApply: false
----
-- Use Makefile commands to build, test, lint and other similar operations when they are available.
-- Activate virtualenv before running any commands by ``. venv/bin/actvate``

.cursor/rules/run-examples.mdc

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
----
-description: Run examples
-globs:
-alwaysApply: false
----
-- When you run an example from the ``examples/`` folder, switch to the example folder and run it from there.
-- If there are instructions on running the examples or its tests in readme, follow them
-- Activate virtualenv before running any commands by ``. venv/bin/actvate``

.editorconfig

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-root = true
-
-[*]
-end_of_line = lf
-insert_final_newline = true
-trim_trailing_whitespace = true
-
-[*.{py,pyi,pxd,pyx}]
-ij_visual_guides = 80,88

.github/workflows/publishing.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
 
   tests:
     name: Run tests
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
 
   linters:
     name: Run linters
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     strategy:
       matrix:
         toxenv: [flake8, pydocstyle, mypy, pylint]
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
   build-sdist:
     name: Build source tarball
     needs: [tests, linters]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
@@ -49,9 +49,8 @@ jobs:
       - run: |
           python -m pip install --upgrade build
           python -m build --sdist
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
-          name: cibw-sdist
           path: ./dist/*
 
   build-wheels:
@@ -60,58 +59,57 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-2022, macos-14]
+        os: [ubuntu-22.04, windows-2019, macos-14]
     env:
-      CIBW_ENABLE: pypy
-      CIBW_ENVIRONMENT: >-
-        PIP_CONFIG_SETTINGS="build_ext=-j4"
-        DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_LIMITED_API="1"
-        CFLAGS="-g0"
+      CIBW_SKIP: cp27-*
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.0.0
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.20.0
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
-          name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 
-  test-publish:
-    name: Upload release to TestPyPI
-    needs: [build-sdist, build-wheels]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: test-pypi
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
+  build-wheels-linux-aarch64:
+    name: Build wheels (ubuntu-22.04-aarch64)
+    needs: [tests, linters]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    env:
+      CIBW_SKIP: cp27-*
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+      - name: Build wheels
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.20.0
+        env:
+          CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: aarch64
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
-          pattern: cibw-*
-          path: dist
-          merge-multiple: true
-      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
-        with:
-          repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
+          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 
   publish:
-    name: Upload release to PyPI
-    needs: [build-sdist, build-wheels, test-publish]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: pypi
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
+    name: Publish on PyPI
+    needs: [build-sdist, build-wheels, build-wheels-linux-aarch64]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
         with:
-          pattern: cibw-*
+          name: artifact
           path: dist
-          merge-multiple: true
       - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+        with:
+          user: __token__
+          password: ${{ secrets.PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
+#           For publishing to Test PyPI, uncomment next two lines:
+#          password: ${{ secrets.TEST_PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
+#          repository_url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
 
   publish-docs:
     name: Publish docs
     needs: [publish]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4

.github/workflows/tests-and-linters.yml

@@ -4,12 +4,28 @@ on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 
 jobs:
 
-  test-on-different-versions:
-    name: Run tests
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+  tests-on-legacy-versions:
+    name: Run tests on legacy versions
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: [3.7]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      - run: pip install tox
+      - run: tox
+        env:
+          TOXENV: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+  test-on-different-versions:
+    name: Run tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: [3.8, 3.9, "3.10", 3.11, 3.12, 3.13]
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
@@ -18,7 +34,6 @@ jobs:
       - run: pip install tox
       - run: tox
         env:
-          DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_LIMITED_API: 1
           TOXENV: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
   test-different-pydantic-versions:
@@ -45,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: 3.12
-      - run: pip install tox
+      - run: pip install tox 'cython>=3,<4'
       - run: tox -vv
         env:
           TOXENV: coveralls

.gitignore

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ lib64/
 parts/
 sdist/
 var/
-wheelhouse/
 *.egg-info/
 .installed.cfg
 *.egg

MANIFEST.in

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-recursive-include src/dependency_injector *.py* *.c py.typed
+recursive-include src/dependency_injector *.py* *.c
 recursive-include tests *.py
 include README.rst
 include CONTRIBUTORS.rst
 include LICENSE.rst
+include requirements.txt
 include setup.py
 include tox.ini
+include py.typed

Makefile

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ uninstall:
 test:
 	# Unit tests with coverage report
 	coverage erase
-	coverage run -m pytest
+	coverage run -m pytest -c tests/.configs/pytest.ini
 	coverage report
 	coverage html
 

docs/api/asgi-lifespan.rst

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-dependency_injector.ext.starlette
-=================================
-
-.. automodule:: dependency_injector.ext.starlette
-   :members:
-   :inherited-members:
-   :show-inheritance:
-
-.. disqus::

docs/api/index.rst

@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@ API Documentation
 =================
 
 ..  toctree::
-   :maxdepth: 2
+    :maxdepth: 2
 
    top-level
    providers
    containers
    wiring
    errors
-   asgi-lifespan

docs/conf.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ release = version
 #
 # This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
 # Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
-language = "en"
+language = None
 
 # There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
 # non-false value, then it is used:

docs/examples/django.rst

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Container is wired to the ``views`` module in the app config ``web/apps.py``:
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../../examples/miniapps/django/web/apps.py
    :language: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 12
+   :emphasize-lines: 13
 
 Tests
 -----

docs/examples/fastdepends.rst

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-.. _fastdepends-example:
-
-FastDepends example
-===================
-
-.. meta::
-   :keywords: Python,Dependency Injection,FastDepends,Example
-   :description: This example demonstrates a usage of the FastDepends and Dependency Injector.
-
-
-This example demonstrates how to use ``Dependency Injector`` with `FastDepends <https://github.com/Lancetnik/FastDepends>`_, a lightweight dependency injection framework inspired by FastAPI's dependency system, but without the web framework components.
-
-Basic Usage
------------
-
-The integration between FastDepends and Dependency Injector is straightforward. Simply use Dependency Injector's ``Provide`` marker within FastDepends' ``Depends`` function:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    import sys
-
-    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-    from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
-    from fast_depends import Depends
-
-
-    class CoefficientService:
-        @staticmethod
-        def get_coefficient() -> float:
-            return 1.2
-
-
-    class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-        service = providers.Factory(CoefficientService)
-
-
-    @inject
-    def apply_coefficient(
-        a: int,
-        coefficient_provider: CoefficientService = Depends(Provide[Container.service]),
-    ) -> float:
-        return a * coefficient_provider.get_coefficient()
-
-
-    container = Container()
-    container.wire(modules=[sys.modules[__name__]])
-
-    apply_coefficient(100) == 120.0

docs/examples/index.rst

@@ -22,6 +22,5 @@ Explore the examples to see the ``Dependency Injector`` in action.
     fastapi
     fastapi-redis
     fastapi-sqlalchemy
-    fastdepends
 
 .. disqus::

docs/introduction/key_features.rst

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Key features of the ``Dependency Injector``:
 
 The framework stands on the `PEP20 (The Zen of Python) <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0020/>`_ principle:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+.. code-block:: plain
 
    Explicit is better than implicit
 

docs/main/changelog.rst

@@ -7,76 +7,6 @@ that were made in every particular version.
 From version 0.7.6 *Dependency Injector* framework strictly
 follows `Semantic versioning`_
 
-4.48.1
-------
-
-* Improve performance of ``dependency_injector._cwiring.DependencyResolver``
-* Add ``typing-extensions`` as a dependency for older Python versions (<3.11)
-* Produce warning on ``@inject``s without ``Provide[...]`` marks
-* Add support for `resource_type` in ``Lifespan``s
-
-4.48.0
-------
-
-- Improve performance of wiring (`#897 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/897>`_)
-- Add Context Manager support to Resource provider (`#899 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/899>`_)
-- Add support for async generator injections (`#900 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/900>`_)
-- Fix unintended dependency on ``typing_extensions`` (`#902 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/902>`_)
-- Add support for Fast Depends (`#898 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/898>`_)
-- Add ``resource_type`` parameter to init and shutdown resources using specialized providers (`#858 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/858>`_)
-
-4.47.1
-------
-
-- Fix typing for wiring marker (`#892 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/896>`_)
-- Strip debug symbols in wheels
-
-4.47.0
-------
-
-- Add support for ``Annotated`` type for module and class attribute injection in wiring,
-  with updated documentation and examples.
-  See discussion:
-  https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/721#issuecomment-2025263718
-- Fix ``root`` property shadowing in ``ConfigurationOption`` (`#875 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/875>`_)
-- Fix incorrect monkeypatching during ``wire()`` that could violate MRO in some classes (`#886 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/886>`_)
-- ABI3 wheels are now published for CPython.
-- Drop support of Python 3.7.
-
-4.46.0
-------
-
-- Add option to disable env var interpolation in configs (`#861 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/861>`_)
-- Fix ``Closing`` dependency resolution (`#852 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/852>`_)
-- Add support for ``inspect.iscoroutinefunction()`` in ``Coroutine`` provider (`#830 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/830>`_)
-- Fix broken wiring of sync inject-decorated methods (`#673 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/673>`_)
-- Add support for ``typing.Annotated`` (`#721 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/721>`_, `#853 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/853>`_)
-- Documentation updates for movie-lister example (`#747 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/747>`_)
-- Fix type propagation in ``Provider.provider`` (`#744 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/744>`_)
-
-Many thanks for the contributions to:
-- `ZipFile <https://github.com/ZipFile>`_
-- `Yegor Statkevich <https://github.com/jazzthief>`_
-- `Federico Tomasi <https://github.com/federinik>`_
-- `Martin Lafrance <https://github.com/martlaf>`_
-- `Philip Bjorge <https://github.com/philipbjorge>`_
-- `Ilya Kazakov <https://github.com/mrKazzila>`_
-
-4.45.0
---------
-- Add Starlette lifespan handler implementation (`#683 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/683>`_).
-- Raise exception in ``ThreadLocalSingleton`` instead of hiding it in finally (`#845 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/845>`_).
-- Improve debuggability of ``deepcopy`` errors (`#839 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/839>`_).
-- Update examples (`#838 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/838>`_).
-- Upgrade testing dependencies (`#837 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/837>`_).
-- Add minor fixes to the documentation (`#709 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/709>`_).
-- Remove ``six`` from the dependencies (`3ba4704 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/commit/3ba4704bc1cb00310749fd2eda0c8221167c313c>`_).
-
-Many thanks for the contributions to:
--  `ZipFile <https://github.com/ZipFile>`_
-- `František Trebuňa <https://github.com/gortibaldik>`_
-- `JC (Jonathan Chen) <https://github.com/dijonkitchen>`_
-
 4.44.0
 --------
 - Implement support for Pydantic 2. PR: `#832 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/pull/832>`_.
@@ -395,8 +325,8 @@ Many thanks to `ZipFile <https://github.com/ZipFile>`_ for both contributions.
 - Make refactoring of wiring module and tests.
   See PR # `#406 <https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/406>`_.
   Thanks to `@withshubh <https://github.com/withshubh>`_ for the contribution:
-  - Remove unused imports in tests.
-  - Use literal syntax to create data structure in tests.
+    - Remove unused imports in tests.
+    - Use literal syntax to create data structure in tests.
 - Add integration with a static analysis tool `DeepSource <https://deepsource.io/>`_.
 
 4.26.0

docs/providers/configuration.rst

@@ -366,19 +366,6 @@ See also: :ref:`configuration-strict-mode`.
 
       assert container.config.section.option() is None
 
-If you want to disable environment variables interpolation, pass ``envs_required=None``:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-   :caption: templates.yml
-
-   template_string: 'Hello, ${name}!'
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   >>> container.config.from_yaml("templates.yml", envs_required=None)
-   >>> container.config.template_string()
-   'Hello, ${name}!'
-
 Mandatory and optional sources
 ------------------------------
 

docs/providers/resource.rst

@@ -61,12 +61,11 @@ When you call ``.shutdown()`` method on a resource provider, it will remove the
 if any, and switch to uninitialized state. Some of resource initializer types support specifying custom
 resource shutdown.
 
-Resource provider supports 4 types of initializers:
+Resource provider supports 3 types of initializers:
 
 - Function
-- Context Manager
-- Generator (legacy)
-- Subclass of ``resources.Resource`` (legacy)
+- Generator
+- Subclass of ``resources.Resource``
 
 Function initializer
 --------------------
@@ -104,44 +103,8 @@ you configure global resource:
 
 Function initializer does not provide a way to specify custom resource shutdown.
 
-Context Manager initializer
----------------------------
-
-This is an extension to the Function initializer. Resource provider automatically detects if the initializer returns a
-context manager and uses it to manage the resource lifecycle.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-
-   class DatabaseConnection:
-       def __init__(self, host, port, user, password):
-           self.host = host
-           self.port = port
-           self.user = user
-           self.password = password
-
-       def __enter__(self):
-           print(f"Connecting to {self.host}:{self.port} as {self.user}")
-           return self
-
-       def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-           print("Closing connection")
-
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       config = providers.Configuration()
-       db = providers.Resource(
-           DatabaseConnection,
-           host=config.db.host,
-           port=config.db.port,
-           user=config.db.user,
-           password=config.db.password,
-       )
-
-Generator initializer (legacy)
-------------------------------
+Generator initializer
+---------------------
 
 Resource provider can use 2-step generators:
 
@@ -191,13 +154,8 @@ object is not mandatory. You can leave ``yield`` statement empty:
            argument2=...,
        )
 
-.. note::
-
-   Generator initializers are automatically wrapped with ``contextmanager`` or ``asynccontextmanager`` decorator when
-   provided to a ``Resource`` provider.
-
-Subclass initializer (legacy)
------------------------------
+Subclass initializer
+--------------------
 
 You can create resource initializer by implementing a subclass of the ``resources.Resource``:
 
@@ -252,72 +210,6 @@ first argument.
 
 .. _resource-provider-wiring-closing:
 
-Scoping Resources using specialized subclasses
-----------------------------------------------
-
-You can use specialized subclasses of ``Resource`` provider to initialize and shutdown resources by type.
-Allowing for example to only initialize a subgroup of resources.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   class ScopedResource(resources.Resource):
-       pass
-
-   def init_service(name) -> Service:
-      print(f"Init {name}")
-      yield Service()
-      print(f"Shutdown {name}")
-
-   class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-       scoped = ScopedResource(
-           init_service,
-           "scoped",
-       )
-
-       generic = providers.Resource(
-           init_service,
-           "generic",
-       )
-
-
-To initialize resources by type you can use ``init_resources(resource_type)`` and ``shutdown_resources(resource_type)``
-methods adding the resource type as an argument:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   def main():
-       container = Container()
-       container.init_resources(ScopedResource)
-       #  Generates:
-       # >>> Init scoped
-
-       container.shutdown_resources(ScopedResource)
-       #  Generates:
-       # >>> Shutdown scoped
-
-
-And to initialize all resources you can use ``init_resources()`` and ``shutdown_resources()`` without arguments:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   def main():
-       container = Container()
-       container.init_resources()
-       #  Generates:
-       # >>> Init scoped
-       # >>> Init generic
-
-       container.shutdown_resources()
-       #  Generates:
-       # >>> Shutdown scoped
-       # >>> Shutdown generic
-
-
-It works using the ``traverse()`` method to find all resources of the specified type, selecting all resources
-which are instances of the specified type.
-
-
 Resources, wiring, and per-function execution scope
 ---------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -371,11 +263,10 @@ Asynchronous function initializer:
            argument2=...,
        )
 
-Asynchronous Context Manager initializer:
+Asynchronous generator initializer:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   @asynccontextmanager
    async def init_async_resource(argument1=..., argument2=...):
        connection = await connect()
        yield connection
@@ -467,54 +358,5 @@ See also:
 - Wiring :ref:`async-injections-wiring`
 - :ref:`fastapi-redis-example`
 
-ASGI Lifespan Protocol Support
-------------------------------
-
-The :mod:`dependency_injector.ext.starlette` module provides a :class:`~dependency_injector.ext.starlette.Lifespan`
-class that integrates resource providers with ASGI applications using the `Lifespan Protocol`_. This allows resources to
-be automatically initialized at application startup and properly shut down when the application stops.
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
-    from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-    from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
-    from dependency_injector.ext.starlette import Lifespan
-    from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, Depends, APIRouter
-
-    class Connection: ...
-
-    @asynccontextmanager
-    async def init_database():
-        print("opening database connection")
-        yield Connection()
-        print("closing database connection")
-
-    router = APIRouter()
-
-    @router.get("/")
-    @inject
-    async def index(request: Request, db: Connection = Depends(Provide["db"])):
-        # use the database connection here
-        return "OK!"
-
-    class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-        __self__ = providers.Self()
-        db = providers.Resource(init_database)
-        lifespan = providers.Singleton(Lifespan, __self__)
-        app = providers.Singleton(FastAPI, lifespan=lifespan)
-        _include_router = providers.Resource(
-            app.provided.include_router.call(),
-            router,
-        )
-
-    if __name__ == "__main__":
-        import uvicorn
-
-        container = Container()
-        app = container.app()
-        uvicorn.run(app, host="localhost", port=8000)
-
-.. _Lifespan Protocol: https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/lifespan.html
 
 .. disqus::

docs/providers/singleton.rst

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ returns it on the rest of the calls.
 
 .. note::
 
-   ``Singleton`` provider makes dependencies injection only when it creates an object. When an object
+   ``Singleton`` provider makes dependencies injection only when creates an object. When an object
    is created and memorized ``Singleton`` provider just returns it without applying injections.
 
 Specialization of the provided type and abstract singletons work the same like like for the

docs/tutorials/aiohttp.rst

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Let's check that it works. Open another terminal session and use ``httpie``:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: http
+.. code-block:: json
 
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Content-Length: 844
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ and make a request to the API in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: http
+.. code-block:: json
 
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Content-Length: 492

docs/tutorials/asyncio-daemon.rst

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ In this tutorial we will use:
 
 - Python 3
 - Docker
-- Docker Compose
+- Docker-compose
 
 Start from the scratch or jump to the section:
 
@@ -47,27 +47,28 @@ response it will log:
 Prerequisites
 -------------
 
-We will use `docker compose <https://docs.docker.com/compose/>`_ in this tutorial. Let's check the versions:
+We will use `Docker <https://www.docker.com/>`_ and
+`docker-compose <https://docs.docker.com/compose/>`_ in this tutorial. Let's check the versions:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
    docker --version
-   docker compose version
+   docker-compose --version
 
 The output should look something like:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   Docker version 27.3.1, build ce12230
-   Docker Compose version v2.29.7
+   Docker version 20.10.5, build 55c4c88
+   docker-compose version 1.29.0, build 07737305
 
 .. note::
 
-   If you don't have ``Docker`` or ``docker compose`` you need to install them before proceeding.
+   If you don't have ``Docker`` or ``docker-compose`` you need to install them before proceeding.
    Follow these installation guides:
 
    - `Install Docker <https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/>`_
-   - `Install docker compose <https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/>`_
+   - `Install docker-compose <https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/>`_
 
 The prerequisites are satisfied. Let's get started with the project layout.
 
@@ -128,13 +129,13 @@ Put next lines into the ``requirements.txt`` file:
    pytest-cov
 
 Second, we need to create the ``Dockerfile``. It will describe the daemon's build process and
-specify how to run it. We will use ``python:3.13-bookworm`` as a base image.
+specify how to run it. We will use ``python:3.9-buster`` as a base image.
 
 Put next lines into the ``Dockerfile`` file:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   FROM python:3.13-bookworm
+   FROM python:3.10-buster
 
    ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 
@@ -154,6 +155,8 @@ Put next lines into the ``docker-compose.yml`` file:
 
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
+   version: "3.7"
+
    services:
 
      monitor:
@@ -168,7 +171,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker compose build
+   docker-compose build
 
 The build process may take a couple of minutes. You should see something like this in the end:
 
@@ -181,7 +184,7 @@ After the build is done run the container:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker compose up
+   docker-compose up
 
 The output should look like:
 
@@ -458,7 +461,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker compose up
+   docker-compose up
 
 The output should look like:
 
@@ -702,7 +705,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker compose up
+   docker-compose up
 
 You should see:
 
@@ -810,7 +813,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker compose up
+   docker-compose up
 
 You should see:
 
@@ -962,16 +965,15 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker compose run --rm monitor py.test monitoringdaemon/tests.py --cov=monitoringdaemon
+   docker-compose run --rm monitor py.test monitoringdaemon/tests.py --cov=monitoringdaemon
 
 You should see:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.13.1, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
    rootdir: /code
-   plugins: cov-6.0.0, asyncio-0.24.0
-   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
+   plugins: asyncio-0.16.0, cov-3.0.0
    collected 2 items
 
    monitoringdaemon/tests.py ..                                    [100%]

docs/tutorials/cli.rst

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Create next structure in the project root directory. All files are empty. That's
 
 Initial project layout:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    ./
    ├── movies/
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Now it's time to install the project requirements. We will use next packages:
 
 Put next lines into the ``requirements.txt`` file:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    dependency-injector
    pyyaml
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ We will create a script that creates database files.
 First add the folder ``data/`` in the root of the project and then add the file
 ``fixtures.py`` inside of it:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+.. code-block:: bash
    :emphasize-lines: 2-3
 
    ./
@@ -205,13 +205,13 @@ Now run in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+.. code-block:: bash
 
    OK
 
 Check that files ``movies.csv`` and ``movies.db`` have appeared in the ``data/`` folder:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+.. code-block:: bash
    :emphasize-lines: 4-5
 
    ./
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ After each step we will add the provider to the container.
 
 Create the ``entities.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+.. code-block:: bash
    :emphasize-lines: 10
 
    ./
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ Let's move on to the finders.
 
 Create the ``finders.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+.. code-block:: bash
    :emphasize-lines: 11
 
    ./
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ The configuration file is ready. Move on to the lister.
 
 Create the ``listers.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+.. code-block:: bash
    :emphasize-lines: 12
 
    ./
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+.. code-block:: plain
 
    Francis Lawrence movies:
        - Movie(title='The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 2', year=2015, director='Francis Lawrence')
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+.. code-block:: plain
 
    Francis Lawrence movies:
        - Movie(title='The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 2', year=2015, director='Francis Lawrence')
@@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ Run in the terminal line by line:
 
 The output should be similar for each command:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+.. code-block:: plain
 
    Francis Lawrence movies:
        - Movie(title='The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 2', year=2015, director='Francis Lawrence')
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ We will use `pytest <https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/>`_ and
 
 Create ``tests.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+.. code-block:: bash
    :emphasize-lines: 13
 
    ./
@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ Create ``tests.py`` in the ``movies`` package:
 and put next into it:
 
 .. code-block:: python
-   :emphasize-lines: 41,50
+   :emphasize-lines: 36,51
 
    """Tests module."""
 
@@ -941,18 +941,13 @@ and put next into it:
        return container
 
 
-   @pytest.fixture
-   def finder_mock(container):
+   def test_movies_directed_by(container):
        finder_mock = mock.Mock()
        finder_mock.find_all.return_value = [
            container.movie("The 33", 2015, "Patricia Riggen"),
            container.movie("The Jungle Book", 2016, "Jon Favreau"),
        ]
 
-       return finder_mock
-
-
-   def test_movies_directed_by(container, finder_mock):
        with container.finder.override(finder_mock):
            lister = container.lister()
            movies = lister.movies_directed_by("Jon Favreau")
@@ -961,7 +956,13 @@ and put next into it:
        assert movies[0].title == "The Jungle Book"
 
 
-   def test_movies_released_in(container, finder_mock):
+   def test_movies_released_in(container):
+       finder_mock = mock.Mock()
+       finder_mock.find_all.return_value = [
+           container.movie("The 33", 2015, "Patricia Riggen"),
+           container.movie("The Jungle Book", 2016, "Jon Favreau"),
+       ]
+
        with container.finder.override(finder_mock):
            lister = container.lister()
            movies = lister.movies_released_in(2015)
@@ -977,7 +978,7 @@ Run in the terminal:
 
 You should see:
 
-.. code-block:: text
+.. code-block::
 
    platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
    plugins: cov-3.0.0
@@ -994,9 +995,9 @@ You should see:
    movies/entities.py         7      1    86%
    movies/finders.py         26     13    50%
    movies/listers.py          8      0   100%
-   movies/tests.py           24      0   100%
+   movies/tests.py           23      0   100%
    ------------------------------------------
-   TOTAL                     90     30    67%
+   TOTAL                     89     30    66%
 
 .. note::
 

docs/tutorials/flask.rst

@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ Now let's fill in the layout.
 
 Put next into the ``base.html``:
 
-.. code-block:: jinja
+.. code-block:: html
 
    <!doctype html>
    <html lang="en">
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ And put something to the index page.
 
 Put next into the ``index.html``:
 
-.. code-block:: jinja
+.. code-block:: html
 
    {% extends "base.html" %}
 

docs/wiring.rst

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ FastAPI example:
 
    @app.api_route("/")
    @inject
-   async def index(service: Annotated[Service, Depends(Provide[Container.service])]):
+   async def index(service: Service = Depends(Provide[Container.service])):
        value = await service.process()
        return {"result": value}
 
@@ -127,7 +127,6 @@ To inject the provider itself use ``Provide[foo.provider]``:
    def foo(bar_provider: Factory[Bar] = Provide[Container.bar.provider]):
        bar = bar_provider(argument="baz")
        ...
-
 You can also use ``Provider[foo]`` for injecting the provider itself:
 
 .. code-block:: python
@@ -255,43 +254,13 @@ To inject a container use special identifier ``<container>``:
 Making injections into modules and class attributes
 ---------------------------------------------------
 
-You can use wiring to make injections into modules and class attributes. Both the classic marker
-syntax and the ``Annotated`` form are supported.
-
-Classic marker syntax:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   service: Service = Provide[Container.service]
-
-   class Main:
-       service: Service = Provide[Container.service]
-
-Full example of the classic marker syntax:
+You can use wiring to make injections into modules and class attributes.
 
 .. literalinclude:: ../examples/wiring/example_attribute.py
    :language: python
    :lines: 3-
    :emphasize-lines: 14,19
 
-Annotated form (Python 3.9+):
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   from typing import Annotated
-
-   service: Annotated[Service, Provide[Container.service]]
-
-   class Main:
-       service: Annotated[Service, Provide[Container.service]]
-
-Full example of the annotated form:
-
-.. literalinclude:: ../examples/wiring/example_attribute_annotated.py
-   :language: python
-   :lines: 3-
-   :emphasize-lines: 16,21
-
 You could also use string identifiers to avoid a dependency on a container:
 
 .. code-block:: python
@@ -632,36 +601,6 @@ or with a single container ``register_loader_containers(container)`` multiple ti
 To unregister a container use ``unregister_loader_containers(container)``.
 Wiring module will uninstall the import hook when unregister last container.
 
-Few notes on performance
-------------------------
-
-``.wire()`` utilize caching to speed up the wiring process. At the end it clears the cache to avoid memory leaks.
-But this may not always be desirable, when you want to keep the cache for the next wiring
-(e.g. due to usage of multiple containers or during unit tests).
-
-To keep the cache after wiring, you can set flag ``keep_cache=True`` (works with ``WiringConfiguration`` too):
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   container1.wire(
-       modules=["yourapp.module1", "yourapp.module2"],
-       keep_cache=True,
-   )
-   container2.wire(
-       modules=["yourapp.module2", "yourapp.module3"],
-       keep_cache=True,
-   )
-   ...
-
-and then clear it manually when you need it:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   from dependency_injector.wiring import clear_cache
-
-   clear_cache()
-
-
 Integration with other frameworks
 ---------------------------------
 
@@ -693,6 +632,5 @@ Take a look at other application examples:
 - :ref:`fastapi-example`
 - :ref:`fastapi-redis-example`
 - :ref:`fastapi-sqlalchemy-example`
-- :ref:`fastdepends-example`
 
 .. disqus::

examples/miniapps/aiohttp/README.rst

@@ -98,9 +98,8 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
-   plugins: cov-6.0.0, anyio-4.4.0, asyncio-0.24.0, aiohttp-1.0.5
-   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
+   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   plugins: asyncio-0.16.0, anyio-3.3.4, aiohttp-0.3.0, cov-3.0.0
    collected 3 items
 
    giphynavigator/tests.py ...                                     [100%]

examples/miniapps/aiohttp/giphynavigator/tests.py

@@ -3,15 +3,11 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-import pytest_asyncio
 
 from giphynavigator.application import create_app
 from giphynavigator.giphy import GiphyClient
 
 
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.asyncio
-
-
 @pytest.fixture
 def app():
     app = create_app()
@@ -19,9 +15,9 @@ def app():
     app.container.unwire()
 
 
-@pytest_asyncio.fixture
-async def client(app, aiohttp_client):
-    return await aiohttp_client(app)
+@pytest.fixture
+def client(app, aiohttp_client, loop):
+    return loop.run_until_complete(aiohttp_client(app))
 
 
 async def test_index(client, app):

examples/miniapps/aiohttp/requirements.txt

@@ -2,5 +2,4 @@ dependency-injector
 aiohttp
 pyyaml
 pytest-aiohttp
-pytest-asyncio
 pytest-cov

examples/miniapps/asyncio-daemon/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM python:3.13-bookworm
+FROM python:3.10-buster
 
 ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 

examples/miniapps/asyncio-daemon/README.rst

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ Build the Docker image:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker compose build
+   docker-compose build
 
 Run the docker-compose environment:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    docker compose up
+    docker-compose up
 
 The output should be something like:
 
@@ -59,16 +59,15 @@ To run the tests do:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker compose run --rm monitor py.test monitoringdaemon/tests.py --cov=monitoringdaemon
+   docker-compose run --rm monitor py.test monitoringdaemon/tests.py --cov=monitoringdaemon
 
 The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.13.1, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
    rootdir: /code
-   plugins: cov-6.0.0, asyncio-0.24.0
-   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
+   plugins: asyncio-0.16.0, cov-3.0.0
    collected 2 items
 
    monitoringdaemon/tests.py ..                                    [100%]

examples/miniapps/asyncio-daemon/monitoringdaemon/tests.py

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ async def test_example_monitor(container, caplog):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_dispatcher(container, caplog):
+async def test_dispatcher(container, caplog, event_loop):
     caplog.set_level("INFO")
 
     example_monitor_mock = mock.AsyncMock()
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ async def test_dispatcher(container, caplog):
             httpbin_monitor=httpbin_monitor_mock,
     ):
         dispatcher = container.dispatcher()
-        event_loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
         event_loop.create_task(dispatcher.start())
         await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
         dispatcher.stop()

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM python:3.13-bookworm
+FROM python:3.10-buster
 
 ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/README.rst

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ Build the Docker image:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker compose build
+   docker-compose build
 
 Run the docker-compose environment:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    docker compose up
+    docker-compose up
 
 The output should be something like:
 
@@ -54,16 +54,16 @@ To run the tests do:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker compose run --rm example py.test fastapiredis/tests.py --cov=fastapiredis
+   docker-compose run --rm example py.test fastapiredis/tests.py --cov=fastapiredis
 
 The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.13.1, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.10.9, pytest-7.2.0, pluggy-1.0.0
    rootdir: /code
-   plugins: cov-6.0.0, asyncio-0.24.0, anyio-4.7.0
-   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
+   plugins: cov-4.0.0, asyncio-0.20.3
+   collected 1 item
 
    fastapiredis/tests.py .                                         [100%]
 
@@ -77,4 +77,4 @@ The output should be something like:
    fastapiredis/services.py          7      3    57%
    fastapiredis/tests.py            18      0   100%
    -------------------------------------------------
-   TOTAL                            52      7    87%
+   TOTAL                            52      7    87%

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/application.py

@@ -1,22 +1,18 @@
 """Application module."""
 
-from typing import Annotated
-
-from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
-
-from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
+from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
 
 from .containers import Container
 from .services import Service
 
+
 app = FastAPI()
 
 
 @app.api_route("/")
 @inject
-async def index(
-    service: Annotated[Service, Depends(Provide[Container.service])]
-) -> dict[str, str]:
+async def index(service: Service = Depends(Provide[Container.service])):
     value = await service.process()
     return {"result": value}
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/redis.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from typing import AsyncIterator
 
-from redis.asyncio import from_url, Redis
+from aioredis import from_url, Redis
 
 
 async def init_redis_pool(host: str, password: str) -> AsyncIterator[Redis]:

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/fastapiredis/services.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Services module."""
 
-from redis.asyncio import Redis
+from aioredis import Redis
 
 
 class Service:

examples/miniapps/fastapi-redis/requirements.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 dependency-injector
 fastapi
 uvicorn
-redis>=4.2
+aioredis
 
 # For testing:
 pytest

examples/miniapps/fastapi-simple/fastapi_di_example.py

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Annotated
-
-from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
-
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
 
@@ -21,9 +18,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
 
 @app.api_route("/")
 @inject
-async def index(
-    service: Annotated[Service, Depends(Provide[Container.service])]
-) -> dict[str, str]:
+async def index(service: Service = Depends(Provide[Container.service])):
     result = await service.process()
     return {"result": result}
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi-simple/tests.py

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-import pytest_asyncio
 from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 
 from fastapi_di_example import app, container, Service
 
 
-@pytest_asyncio.fixture
-async def client():
+@pytest.fixture
+async def client(event_loop):
     async with AsyncClient(
         transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
         base_url="http://test",

examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM python:3.13-bookworm
+FROM python:3.10-buster
 
 ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
 ENV HOST=0.0.0.0

examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/README.rst

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ Build the Docker image:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker compose build
+   docker-compose build
 
 Run the docker-compose environment:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    docker compose up
+    docker-compose up
 
 The output should be something like:
 
@@ -67,15 +67,15 @@ To run the tests do:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-   docker compose run --rm webapp py.test webapp/tests.py --cov=webapp
+   docker-compose run --rm webapp py.test webapp/tests.py --cov=webapp
 
 The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.13.1, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.5.0
+   platform linux -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
    rootdir: /code
-   plugins: cov-6.0.0, anyio-4.7.0
+   plugins: cov-3.0.0
    collected 7 items
 
    webapp/tests.py .......                                         [100%]

examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/requirements.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 dependency-injector
-fastapi[standard]
+fastapi
 uvicorn
 pyyaml
 sqlalchemy

examples/miniapps/fastapi-sqlalchemy/webapp/endpoints.py

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 """Endpoints module."""
 
-from typing import Annotated
-
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Response, status
-
-from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
+from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
 
 from .containers import Container
-from .repositories import NotFoundError
 from .services import UserService
+from .repositories import NotFoundError
 
 router = APIRouter()
 
@@ -16,7 +13,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 @router.get("/users")
 @inject
 def get_list(
-    user_service: Annotated[UserService, Depends(Provide[Container.user_service])],
+        user_service: UserService = Depends(Provide[Container.user_service]),
 ):
     return user_service.get_users()
 
@@ -24,8 +21,8 @@ def get_list(
 @router.get("/users/{user_id}")
 @inject
 def get_by_id(
-    user_id: int,
-    user_service: Annotated[UserService, Depends(Provide[Container.user_service])],
+        user_id: int,
+        user_service: UserService = Depends(Provide[Container.user_service]),
 ):
     try:
         return user_service.get_user_by_id(user_id)
@@ -36,7 +33,7 @@ def get_by_id(
 @router.post("/users", status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
 @inject
 def add(
-    user_service: Annotated[UserService, Depends(Provide[Container.user_service])],
+        user_service: UserService = Depends(Provide[Container.user_service]),
 ):
     return user_service.create_user()
 
@@ -44,9 +41,9 @@ def add(
 @router.delete("/users/{user_id}", status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
 @inject
 def remove(
-    user_id: int,
-    user_service: Annotated[UserService, Depends(Provide[Container.user_service])],
-) -> Response:
+        user_id: int,
+        user_service: UserService = Depends(Provide[Container.user_service]),
+):
     try:
         user_service.delete_user_by_id(user_id)
     except NotFoundError:

examples/miniapps/fastapi/README.rst

@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
-   plugins: cov-6.0.0, anyio-4.4.0, asyncio-0.24.0, aiohttp-1.0.5
-   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
+   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   plugins: asyncio-0.16.0, cov-3.0.0
+   collected 3 items
 
    giphynavigator/tests.py ...                                     [100%]
 

examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/endpoints.py

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 """Endpoints module."""
 
-from typing import Annotated, List
+from typing import Optional, List
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
 from pydantic import BaseModel
+from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
 
-from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
-
-from .containers import Container
 from .services import SearchService
+from .containers import Container
 
 
 class Gif(BaseModel):
@@ -27,15 +26,11 @@ router = APIRouter()
 @router.get("/", response_model=Response)
 @inject
 async def index(
-    default_query: Annotated[str, Depends(Provide[Container.config.default.query])],
-    default_limit: Annotated[
-        int, Depends(Provide[Container.config.default.limit.as_int()])
-    ],
-    search_service: Annotated[
-        SearchService, Depends(Provide[Container.search_service])
-    ],
-    query: str | None = None,
-    limit: int | None = None,
+        query: Optional[str] = None,
+        limit: Optional[str] = None,
+        default_query: str = Depends(Provide[Container.config.default.query]),
+        default_limit: int = Depends(Provide[Container.config.default.limit.as_int()]),
+        search_service: SearchService = Depends(Provide[Container.search_service]),
 ):
     query = query or default_query
     limit = limit or default_limit

examples/miniapps/fastapi/giphynavigator/tests.py

@@ -3,14 +3,13 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-import pytest_asyncio
 from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
 
 from giphynavigator.application import app
 from giphynavigator.giphy import GiphyClient
 
 
-@pytest_asyncio.fixture
+@pytest.fixture
 async def client():
     async with AsyncClient(
         transport=ASGITransport(app=app),

examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints/README.rst

@@ -81,9 +81,8 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
-   plugins: cov-6.0.0, flask-1.3.0
-   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
+   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   plugins: cov-3.0.0, flask-1.2.0
    collected 2 items
 
    githubnavigator/tests.py ..                                     [100%]

examples/miniapps/flask-blueprints/githubnavigator/application.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Application module."""
 
 from flask import Flask
-from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap4
+from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap
 
 from .containers import Container
 from .blueprints import example
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def create_app() -> Flask:
     app.container = container
     app.register_blueprint(example.blueprint)
 
-    bootstrap = Bootstrap4()
+    bootstrap = Bootstrap()
     bootstrap.init_app(app)
 
     return app

examples/miniapps/flask/README.rst

@@ -81,9 +81,8 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
-   plugins: cov-6.0.0, flask-1.3.0
-   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
+   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   plugins: cov-3.0.0, flask-1.2.0
    collected 2 items
 
    githubnavigator/tests.py ..                                     [100%]

examples/miniapps/flask/githubnavigator/application.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Application module."""
 
 from flask import Flask
-from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap4
+from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap
 
 from .containers import Container
 from . import views
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def create_app() -> Flask:
     app.container = container
     app.add_url_rule("/", "index", views.index)
 
-    bootstrap = Bootstrap4()
+    bootstrap = Bootstrap()
     bootstrap.init_app(app)
 
     return app

examples/miniapps/movie-lister/README.rst

@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
-   plugins: cov-6.0.0
+   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   plugins: cov-3.0.0
    collected 2 items
 
    movies/tests.py ..                                              [100%]

examples/miniapps/movie-lister/data/fixtures.py

@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ SQLITE_FILE = DIR / "movies.db"
 
 
 def create_csv(movies_data, path):
-    with open(path, "w", newline="") as opened_file:
+    with open(path, "w") as opened_file:
         writer = csv.writer(opened_file)
-        writer.writerows(movies_data)
+        for row in movies_data:
+            writer.writerow(row)
 
 
 def create_sqlite(movies_data, path):

examples/miniapps/movie-lister/movies/finders.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class CsvMovieFinder(MovieFinder):
         super().__init__(movie_factory)
 
     def find_all(self) -> List[Movie]:
-        with open(self._csv_file_path, newline="") as csv_file:
+        with open(self._csv_file_path) as csv_file:
             csv_reader = csv.reader(csv_file, delimiter=self._delimiter)
             return [self._movie_factory(*row) for row in csv_reader]
 

examples/miniapps/movie-lister/movies/tests.py

@@ -26,18 +26,13 @@ def container():
     return container
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
-def finder_mock(container):
+def test_movies_directed_by(container):
     finder_mock = mock.Mock()
     finder_mock.find_all.return_value = [
         container.movie("The 33", 2015, "Patricia Riggen"),
         container.movie("The Jungle Book", 2016, "Jon Favreau"),
     ]
 
-    return finder_mock
-
-
-def test_movies_directed_by(container, finder_mock):
     with container.finder.override(finder_mock):
         lister = container.lister()
         movies = lister.movies_directed_by("Jon Favreau")
@@ -46,7 +41,13 @@ def test_movies_directed_by(container, finder_mock):
     assert movies[0].title == "The Jungle Book"
 
 
-def test_movies_released_in(container, finder_mock):
+def test_movies_released_in(container):
+    finder_mock = mock.Mock()
+    finder_mock.find_all.return_value = [
+        container.movie("The 33", 2015, "Patricia Riggen"),
+        container.movie("The Jungle Book", 2016, "Jon Favreau"),
+    ]
+
     with container.finder.override(finder_mock):
         lister = container.lister()
         movies = lister.movies_released_in(2015)

examples/miniapps/sanic/README.rst

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ To run the application do:
 .. code-block:: bash
 
     export GIPHY_API_KEY=wBJ2wZG7SRqfrU9nPgPiWvORmloDyuL0
-    sanic giphynavigator.application:create_app
+    python -m giphynavigator
 
 The output should be something like:
 
@@ -98,9 +98,8 @@ The output should be something like:
 
 .. code-block::
 
-   platform linux -- Python 3.12.3, pytest-8.3.2, pluggy-1.5.0
-   plugins: cov-6.0.0, anyio-4.4.0, asyncio-0.24.0
-   asyncio: mode=Mode.STRICT, default_loop_scope=None
+   platform darwin -- Python 3.10.0, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.10.0, pluggy-1.0.0
+   plugins: sanic-1.9.1, anyio-3.3.4, cov-3.0.0
    collected 3 items
 
    giphynavigator/tests.py ...                                     [100%]

examples/miniapps/sanic/giphynavigator/tests.py

@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ from sanic import Sanic
 from giphynavigator.application import create_app
 from giphynavigator.giphy import GiphyClient
 
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.asyncio
-
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def app():
@@ -19,7 +17,12 @@ def app():
     app.ctx.container.unwire()
 
 
-async def test_index(app):
+@pytest.fixture
+def test_client(loop, app, sanic_client):
+    return loop.run_until_complete(sanic_client(app))
+
+
+async def test_index(app, test_client):
     giphy_client_mock = mock.AsyncMock(spec=GiphyClient)
     giphy_client_mock.search.return_value = {
         "data": [
@@ -29,7 +32,7 @@ async def test_index(app):
     }
 
     with app.ctx.container.giphy_client.override(giphy_client_mock):
-        _, response = await app.asgi_client.get(
+        response = await test_client.get(
             "/",
             params={
                 "query": "test",
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ async def test_index(app):
         )
 
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    data = response.json
+    data = response.json()
     assert data == {
         "query": "test",
         "limit": 10,
@@ -49,30 +52,30 @@ async def test_index(app):
     }
 
 
-async def test_index_no_data(app):
+async def test_index_no_data(app, test_client):
     giphy_client_mock = mock.AsyncMock(spec=GiphyClient)
     giphy_client_mock.search.return_value = {
         "data": [],
     }
 
     with app.ctx.container.giphy_client.override(giphy_client_mock):
-        _, response = await app.asgi_client.get("/")
+        response = await test_client.get("/")
 
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    data = response.json
+    data = response.json()
     assert data["gifs"] == []
 
 
-async def test_index_default_params(app):
+async def test_index_default_params(app, test_client):
     giphy_client_mock = mock.AsyncMock(spec=GiphyClient)
     giphy_client_mock.search.return_value = {
         "data": [],
     }
 
     with app.ctx.container.giphy_client.override(giphy_client_mock):
-        _, response = await app.asgi_client.get("/")
+        response = await test_client.get("/")
 
     assert response.status_code == 200
-    data = response.json
+    data = response.json()
     assert data["query"] == app.ctx.container.config.default.query()
     assert data["limit"] == app.ctx.container.config.default.limit()

examples/miniapps/sanic/requirements.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 dependency-injector
-sanic
-sanic-testing
+sanic<=21.6
 aiohttp
 pyyaml
+pytest-sanic
 pytest-cov

examples/miniapps/starlette-lifespan/README.rst

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-Integration With Starlette-based Frameworks
-===========================================
-
-This is a `Starlette <https://www.starlette.io/>`_ +
-`Dependency Injector <https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/>`_ example application
-utilizing `lifespan API <https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/>`_.
-
-.. note::
-
-    Pretty much `any framework built on top of Starlette <https://www.starlette.io/third-party-packages/#frameworks>`_
-    supports this feature (`FastAPI <https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/#lifespan>`_,
-    `Xpresso <https://xpresso-api.dev/latest/tutorial/lifespan/>`_, etc...).
-
-Run
----
-
-Create virtual environment:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    python -m venv env
-    . env/bin/activate
-
-Install requirements:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    pip install -r requirements.txt
-
-To run the application do:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-    python example.py
-    # or (logging won't be configured):
-    uvicorn --factory example:container.app
-
-After that visit http://127.0.0.1:8000/ in your browser or use CLI command (``curl``, ``httpie``,
-etc).

examples/miniapps/starlette-lifespan/example.py

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-from logging import basicConfig, getLogger
-
-from dependency_injector.containers import DeclarativeContainer
-from dependency_injector.ext.starlette import Lifespan
-from dependency_injector.providers import Factory, Resource, Self, Singleton
-from starlette.applications import Starlette
-from starlette.requests import Request
-from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
-from starlette.routing import Route
-
-count = 0
-
-
-def init():
-    log = getLogger(__name__)
-    log.info("Inittializing resources")
-    yield
-    log.info("Cleaning up resources")
-
-
-async def homepage(request: Request) -> JSONResponse:
-    global count
-    response = JSONResponse({"hello": "world", "count": count})
-    count += 1
-    return response
-
-
-class Container(DeclarativeContainer):
-    __self__ = Self()
-    lifespan = Singleton(Lifespan, __self__)
-    logging = Resource(
-        basicConfig,
-        level="DEBUG",
-        datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M",
-        format="%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(name)s: %(message)s",
-    )
-    init = Resource(init)
-    app = Factory(
-        Starlette,
-        debug=True,
-        lifespan=lifespan,
-        routes=[Route("/", homepage)],
-    )
-
-
-container = Container()
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    import uvicorn
-
-    uvicorn.run(
-        container.app,
-        factory=True,
-        # NOTE: `None` prevents uvicorn from configuring logging, which is
-        #       impossible via CLI
-        log_config=None,
-    )

examples/miniapps/starlette-lifespan/requirements.txt

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-dependency-injector
-starlette
-uvicorn

examples/providers/resource.py

@@ -3,12 +3,10 @@
 import sys
 import logging
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
-from contextlib import contextmanager
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 
 
-@contextmanager
 def init_thread_pool(max_workers: int):
     thread_pool = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers)
     yield thread_pool

examples/wiring/example.py

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject
-from typing import Annotated
 
 
-class Service: ...
+class Service:
+    ...
 
 
 class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
@@ -13,16 +13,9 @@ class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
     service = providers.Factory(Service)
 
 
-# You can place marker on parameter default value
 @inject
-def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]) -> None: ...
-
-
-# Also, you can place marker with typing.Annotated
-@inject
-def main_with_annotated(
-    service: Annotated[Service, Provide[Container.service]]
-) -> None: ...
+def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]) -> None:
+    ...
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

examples/wiring/example_attribute_annotated.py

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-"""Wiring attribute example with Annotated."""
-
-from typing import Annotated
-
-from dependency_injector import containers, providers
-from dependency_injector.wiring import Provide
-
-
-class Service:
-    ...
-
-
-class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
-
-    service = providers.Factory(Service)
-
-
-service: Annotated[Service, Provide[Container.service]]
-
-
-class Main:
-
-    service: Annotated[Service, Provide[Container.service]]
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    container = Container()
-    container.wire(modules=[__name__])
-
-    assert isinstance(service, Service)
-    assert isinstance(Main.service, Service)

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [build-system]
-requires = ["setuptools", "Cython>=3.1.1"]
+requires = ["setuptools", "Cython"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ maintainers = [
 description = "Dependency injection framework for Python"
 readme = {file = "README.rst", content-type = "text/x-rst"}
 license = {file = "LICENSE.rst", content-type = "text/x-rst"}
-requires-python = ">=3.8"
+requires-python = ">=3.7"
 keywords = [
     "Dependency injection",
     "DI",
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ classifiers = [
     "Operating System :: OS Independent",
     "Programming Language :: Python",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
@@ -52,11 +53,7 @@ classifiers = [
     "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
 ]
 dynamic = ["version"]
-dependencies = [
-    # typing.Annotated since v3.9
-    # typing.Self since v3.11
-    "typing-extensions; python_version<'3.11'",
-]
+dependencies = ["six"]
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 yaml = ["pyyaml"]
@@ -96,7 +93,6 @@ show_missing = true
 
 [tool.isort]
 profile = "black"
-combine_as_imports = true
 
 [tool.pylint.main]
 ignore = ["tests"]
@@ -104,19 +100,3 @@ ignore = ["tests"]
 [tool.pylint.design]
 min-public-methods = 0
 max-public-methods = 30
-
-[tool.pytest.ini_options]
-testpaths = ["tests/unit/"]
-asyncio_mode = "auto"
-asyncio_default_fixture_loop_scope = "function"
-markers = [
-    "pydantic: Tests with Pydantic as a dependency",
-]
-filterwarnings = [
-    "ignore::dependency_injector.wiring.DIWiringWarning",
-    "ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp\" is deprecated since version 4\\.0\\.0:DeprecationWarning",
-    "ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.flask\" is deprecated since version 4\\.0\\.0:DeprecationWarning",
-    "ignore:Please use \\`.*?\\` from the \\`scipy.*?\\`(.*?)namespace is deprecated\\.:DeprecationWarning",
-    "ignore:Please import \\`.*?\\` from the \\`scipy(.*?)\\` namespace(.*):DeprecationWarning",
-    "ignore:\\`scipy(.*?)\\` is deprecated(.*):DeprecationWarning",
-]

requirements-dev.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cython==3.1.1
+cython==3.0.11
 setuptools
 pytest
 pytest-asyncio
@@ -13,13 +13,10 @@ mypy
 pyyaml
 httpx
 fastapi
-pydantic
-pydantic-settings
+pydantic==1.10.17
 numpy
 scipy
 boto3
 mypy_boto3_s3
-typing_extensions
-fast-depends
 
 -r requirements-ext.txt

requirements-ext.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-flask
-werkzeug
+flask==2.1.3
+werkzeug==2.2.2
 aiohttp

requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+six>=1.7.0,<=1.16.0

setup.cfg

@@ -2,13 +2,12 @@
 max_line_length = 120
 max_complexity = 10
 exclude = types.py
-extend-ignore = E203,E701
 per-file-ignores =
     examples/demo/*: F841
     examples/containers/traverse.py: E501
     examples/providers/async.py: F841
     examples/providers/async_overriding.py: F841
-    examples/wiring/*: F821,F841
+    examples/wiring/*: F841
 
 [pydocstyle]
 ignore = D100,D101,D102,D105,D106,D107,D203,D213

setup.py

@@ -1,19 +1,13 @@
 """`Dependency injector` setup script."""
 
 import os
-import sys
 
 from Cython.Build import cythonize
 from Cython.Compiler import Options
 from setuptools import Extension, setup
 
 debug = os.environ.get("DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_DEBUG_MODE") == "1"
-limited_api = (
-    os.environ.get("DEPENDENCY_INJECTOR_LIMITED_API") == "1"
-    and sys.implementation.name == "cpython"
-)
 defined_macros = []
-options = {}
 compiler_directives = {
     "language_level": 3,
     "profile": debug,
@@ -23,7 +17,6 @@ Options.annotate = debug
 
 # Adding debug options:
 if debug:
-    limited_api = False  # line tracing is not part of the Limited API
     defined_macros.extend(
         [
             ("CYTHON_TRACE", "1"),
@@ -32,20 +25,14 @@ if debug:
         ]
     )
 
-if limited_api:
-    options.setdefault("bdist_wheel", {})
-    options["bdist_wheel"]["py_limited_api"] = "cp38"
-    defined_macros.append(("Py_LIMITED_API", "0x03080000"))
 
 setup(
-    options=options,
     ext_modules=cythonize(
         [
             Extension(
                 "*",
                 ["src/**/*.pyx"],
                 define_macros=defined_macros,
-                py_limited_api=limited_api,
             ),
         ],
         annotate=debug,

src/dependency_injector/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Top-level package."""
 
-__version__ = "4.48.1"
+__version__ = "4.44.0"
 """Version number.
 
 :type: str

src/dependency_injector/_cwiring.pyi

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict
-
-from .providers import Provider
-
-class DependencyResolver:
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
-        injections: Dict[str, Provider[Any]],
-        closings: Dict[str, Provider[Any]],
-        /,
-    ) -> None: ...
-    def __enter__(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: ...
-    def __exit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None: ...
-    async def __aenter__(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: ...
-    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None: ...
-
-def _isawaitable(instance: Any) -> bool: ...

src/dependency_injector/_cwiring.pyx

@@ -1,93 +1,88 @@
 """Wiring optimizations module."""
 
-from asyncio import gather
-from collections.abc import Awaitable
-from inspect import CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE
-from types import CoroutineType, GeneratorType
+import asyncio
+import collections.abc
+import functools
+import inspect
+import types
 
-from .providers cimport Provider, Resource
-from .wiring import _Marker
+from . import providers
+from .wiring import _Marker, PatchedCallable
+
+from .providers cimport Provider
 
 
-cdef inline bint _is_injectable(dict kwargs, object name):
-    return name not in kwargs or isinstance(kwargs[name], _Marker)
-
-
-cdef class DependencyResolver:
-    cdef dict kwargs
-    cdef dict to_inject
-    cdef dict injections
-    cdef dict closings
-
-    def __init__(self, dict kwargs, dict injections, dict closings, /):
-        self.kwargs = kwargs
-        self.to_inject = kwargs.copy()
-        self.injections = injections
-        self.closings = closings
-
-    async def _await_injection(self, name: str, value: object, /) -> None:
-        self.to_inject[name] = await value
-
-    cdef void _handle_injections_sync(self):
+def _get_sync_patched(fn, patched: PatchedCallable):
+    @functools.wraps(fn)
+    def _patched(*args, **kwargs):
+        cdef object result
+        cdef dict to_inject
+        cdef object arg_key
         cdef Provider provider
 
-        for name, provider in self.injections.items():
-            if _is_injectable(self.kwargs, name):
-                self.to_inject[name] = provider()
+        to_inject = kwargs.copy()
+        for arg_key, provider in patched.injections.items():
+            if arg_key not in kwargs or isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
+                to_inject[arg_key] = provider()
 
-    cdef list _handle_injections_async(self):
-        cdef list to_await = []
-        cdef Provider provider
+        result = fn(*args, **to_inject)
 
-        for name, provider in self.injections.items():
-            if _is_injectable(self.kwargs, name):
-                provide = provider()
-
-                if provider.is_async_mode_enabled() or _isawaitable(provide):
-                    to_await.append(self._await_injection(name, provide))
-                else:
-                    self.to_inject[name] = provide
-
-        return to_await
-
-    cdef void _handle_closings_sync(self):
-        cdef Provider provider
-
-        for name, provider in self.closings.items():
-            if _is_injectable(self.kwargs, name) and isinstance(provider, Resource):
+        if patched.closing:
+            for arg_key, provider in patched.closing.items():
+                if arg_key in kwargs and not isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
+                    continue
+                if not isinstance(provider, providers.Resource):
+                    continue
                 provider.shutdown()
 
-    cdef list _handle_closings_async(self):
-        cdef list to_await = []
-        cdef Provider provider
+        return result
+    return _patched
 
-        for name, provider in self.closings.items():
-            if _is_injectable(self.kwargs, name) and isinstance(provider, Resource):
-                if _isawaitable(shutdown := provider.shutdown()):
-                    to_await.append(shutdown)
 
-        return to_await
+async def _async_inject(object fn, tuple args, dict kwargs, dict injections, dict closings):
+    cdef object result
+    cdef dict to_inject
+    cdef list to_inject_await = []
+    cdef list to_close_await = []
+    cdef object arg_key
+    cdef Provider provider
 
-    def __enter__(self):
-        self._handle_injections_sync()
-        return self.to_inject
+    to_inject = kwargs.copy()
+    for arg_key, provider in injections.items():
+        if arg_key not in kwargs or isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
+            provide = provider()
+            if provider.is_async_mode_enabled():
+                to_inject_await.append((arg_key, provide))
+            elif _isawaitable(provide):
+                to_inject_await.append((arg_key, provide))
+            else:
+                to_inject[arg_key] = provide
 
-    def __exit__(self, *_):
-        self._handle_closings_sync()
+    if to_inject_await:
+        async_to_inject = await asyncio.gather(*(provide for _, provide in to_inject_await))
+        for provide, (injection, _) in zip(async_to_inject, to_inject_await):
+            to_inject[injection] = provide
 
-    async def __aenter__(self):
-        if to_await := self._handle_injections_async():
-            await gather(*to_await)
-        return self.to_inject
+    result = await fn(*args, **to_inject)
 
-    async def __aexit__(self, *_):
-        if to_await := self._handle_closings_async():
-            await gather(*to_await)
+    if closings:
+        for arg_key, provider in closings.items():
+            if arg_key in kwargs and isinstance(kwargs[arg_key], _Marker):
+                continue
+            if not isinstance(provider, providers.Resource):
+                continue
+            shutdown = provider.shutdown()
+            if _isawaitable(shutdown):
+                to_close_await.append(shutdown)
+
+        await asyncio.gather(*to_close_await)
+
+    return result
 
 
 cdef bint _isawaitable(object instance):
     """Return true if object can be passed to an ``await`` expression."""
-    return (isinstance(instance, CoroutineType) or
-            isinstance(instance, GeneratorType) and
-            bool(instance.gi_code.co_flags & CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE) or
-            isinstance(instance, Awaitable))
+    return (isinstance(instance, types.CoroutineType) or
+            isinstance(instance, types.GeneratorType) and
+            bool(instance.gi_code.co_flags & inspect.CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE) or
+            isinstance(instance, collections.abc.Awaitable))

src/dependency_injector/containers.pyi

@@ -1,28 +1,24 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Awaitable,
-    Callable as _Callable,
-    ClassVar,
-    Dict,
     Generic,
+    Type,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Tuple,
+    Optional,
+    Any,
+    Union,
+    ClassVar,
+    Callable as _Callable,
     Iterable,
     Iterator,
-    List,
-    Optional,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
-    Union,
+    Awaitable,
     overload,
 )
 
-try:
-    from typing import Self as _Self
-except ImportError:
-    from typing_extensions import Self as _Self
+from .providers import Provider, Self, ProviderParent
 
-from .providers import Provider, Resource, Self, ProviderParent
 
 C_Base = TypeVar("C_Base", bound="Container")
 C = TypeVar("C", bound="DeclarativeContainer")
@@ -30,66 +26,51 @@ C_Overriding = TypeVar("C_Overriding", bound="DeclarativeContainer")
 T = TypeVar("T")
 TT = TypeVar("TT")
 
+
 class WiringConfiguration:
     modules: List[Any]
     packages: List[Any]
     from_package: Optional[str]
     auto_wire: bool
-    keep_cache: bool
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        modules: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None,
-        packages: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None,
-        from_package: Optional[str] = None,
-        auto_wire: bool = True,
-        keep_cache: bool = False,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, modules: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None, packages: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None, from_package: Optional[str] = None, auto_wire: bool = True) -> None: ...
+
 
 class Container:
-    provider_type: Type[Provider[Any]] = Provider
-    providers: Dict[str, Provider[Any]]
-    dependencies: Dict[str, Provider[Any]]
-    overridden: Tuple[Provider[Any], ...]
+    provider_type: Type[Provider] = Provider
+    providers: Dict[str, Provider]
+    dependencies: Dict[str, Provider]
+    overridden: Tuple[Provider]
     wiring_config: WiringConfiguration
     auto_load_config: bool = True
     __self__: Self
     def __init__(self) -> None: ...
-    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> _Self: ...
-    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Union[Provider[Any], Any]) -> None: ...
-    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider[Any]: ...
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> Provider: ...
+    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Union[Provider, Any]) -> None: ...
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider: ...
     def __delattr__(self, name: str) -> None: ...
-    def set_providers(self, **providers: Provider[Any]) -> None: ...
-    def set_provider(self, name: str, provider: Provider[Any]) -> None: ...
+    def set_providers(self, **providers: Provider): ...
+    def set_provider(self, name: str, provider: Provider) -> None: ...
     def override(self, overriding: Union[Container, Type[Container]]) -> None: ...
-    def override_providers(
-        self, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider[Any], Any]
-    ) -> ProvidersOverridingContext[C_Base]: ...
+    def override_providers(self, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]) -> ProvidersOverridingContext[C_Base]: ...
     def reset_last_overriding(self) -> None: ...
     def reset_override(self) -> None: ...
     def is_auto_wiring_enabled(self) -> bool: ...
-    def wire(
-        self,
-        modules: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None,
-        packages: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None,
-        from_package: Optional[str] = None,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def wire(self, modules: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None, packages: Optional[Iterable[Any]] = None, from_package: Optional[str] = None) -> None: ...
     def unwire(self) -> None: ...
-    def init_resources(self, resource_type: Type[Resource[Any]] = Resource) -> Optional[Awaitable[None]]: ...
-    def shutdown_resources(self, resource_type: Type[Resource[Any]] = Resource) -> Optional[Awaitable[None]]: ...
+    def init_resources(self) -> Optional[Awaitable]: ...
+    def shutdown_resources(self) -> Optional[Awaitable]: ...
     def load_config(self) -> None: ...
     def apply_container_providers_overridings(self) -> None: ...
     def reset_singletons(self) -> SingletonResetContext[C_Base]: ...
     def check_dependencies(self) -> None: ...
     def from_schema(self, schema: Dict[Any, Any]) -> None: ...
-    def from_yaml_schema(
-        self, filepath: Union[Path, str], loader: Optional[Any] = None
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_yaml_schema(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], loader: Optional[Any]=None) -> None: ...
     def from_json_schema(self, filepath: Union[Path, str]) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def resolve_provider_name(self, provider: Provider[Any]) -> str: ...
+    def resolve_provider_name(self, provider: Provider) -> str: ...
     @classmethod
     @overload
-    def resolve_provider_name(cls, provider: Provider[Any]) -> str: ...
+    def resolve_provider_name(cls, provider: Provider) -> str: ...
     @property
     def parent(self) -> Optional[ProviderParent]: ...
     @property
@@ -101,37 +82,40 @@ class Container:
     @overload
     def traverse(cls, types: Optional[Iterable[Type[TT]]] = None) -> Iterator[TT]: ...
 
+
 class DynamicContainer(Container): ...
 
+
 class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
-    cls_providers: ClassVar[Dict[str, Provider[Any]]]
-    inherited_providers: ClassVar[Dict[str, Provider[Any]]]
-    def __init__(self, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider[Any], Any]) -> None: ...
+    cls_providers: ClassVar[Dict[str, Provider]]
+    inherited_providers: ClassVar[Dict[str, Provider]]
+    def __init__(self, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]) -> None: ...
     @classmethod
     def override(cls, overriding: Union[Container, Type[Container]]) -> None: ...
     @classmethod
-    def override_providers(
-        cls, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider[Any], Any]
-    ) -> ProvidersOverridingContext[C_Base]: ...
+    def override_providers(cls, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]) -> ProvidersOverridingContext[C_Base]: ...
     @classmethod
     def reset_last_overriding(cls) -> None: ...
     @classmethod
     def reset_override(cls) -> None: ...
 
+
 class ProvidersOverridingContext(Generic[T]):
-    def __init__(
-        self, container: T, overridden_providers: Iterable[Union[Provider[Any], Any]]
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, container: T, overridden_providers: Iterable[Union[Provider, Any]]) -> None: ...
     def __enter__(self) -> T: ...
     def __exit__(self, *_: Any) -> None: ...
 
+
 class SingletonResetContext(Generic[T]):
     def __init__(self, container: T): ...
     def __enter__(self) -> T: ...
     def __exit__(self, *_: Any) -> None: ...
 
-def override(
-    container: Type[C],
-) -> _Callable[[Type[C_Overriding]], Type[C_Overriding]]: ...
+
+def override(container: Type[C]) -> _Callable[[Type[C_Overriding]], Type[C_Overriding]]: ...
+
+
 def copy(container: Type[C]) -> _Callable[[Type[C_Overriding]], Type[C_Overriding]]: ...
+
+
 def is_container(instance: Any) -> bool: ...

src/dependency_injector/containers.pyx

@@ -1,37 +1,61 @@
 """Containers module."""
 
-import asyncio
 import contextlib
 import copy as copy_module
 import json
+import sys
 import importlib
 import inspect
+import warnings
+
+try:
+    import asyncio
+except ImportError:
+    asyncio = None
 
 try:
     import yaml
 except ImportError:
     yaml = None
 
+import six
+
 from . import providers, errors
 from .providers cimport __is_future_or_coroutine
-from .wiring import wire, unwire
+
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 6):
+    from .wiring import wire, unwire
+else:
+    def wire(*args, **kwargs):
+        raise NotImplementedError("Wiring requires Python 3.6 or above")
+
+    def unwire(*args, **kwargs):
+        raise NotImplementedError("Wiring requires Python 3.6 or above")
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 5):
+    warnings.warn(
+        "Dependency Injector will drop support of Python 3.5 after Jan 1st of 2022. "
+        "This does not mean that there will be any immediate breaking changes, "
+        "but tests will no longer be executed on Python 3.5, and bugs will not be addressed.",
+        category=DeprecationWarning,
+    )
 
 
 class WiringConfiguration:
     """Container wiring configuration."""
 
-    def __init__(self, modules=None, packages=None, from_package=None, auto_wire=True, keep_cache=False):
+    def __init__(self, modules=None, packages=None, from_package=None, auto_wire=True):
         self.modules = [*modules] if modules else []
         self.packages = [*packages] if packages else []
         self.from_package = from_package
         self.auto_wire = auto_wire
-        self.keep_cache = keep_cache
 
     def __deepcopy__(self, memo=None):
-        return self.__class__(self.modules, self.packages, self.from_package, self.auto_wire, self.keep_cache)
+        return self.__class__(self.modules, self.packages, self.from_package, self.auto_wire)
 
 
-class Container:
+class Container(object):
     """Abstract container."""
 
 
@@ -177,7 +201,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
 
         :rtype: None
         """
-        for name, provider in providers.items():
+        for name, provider in six.iteritems(providers):
             setattr(self, name, provider)
 
     def set_provider(self, name, provider):
@@ -210,7 +234,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
 
         self.overridden += (overriding,)
 
-        for name, provider in overriding.providers.items():
+        for name, provider in six.iteritems(overriding.providers):
             try:
                 getattr(self, name).override(provider)
             except AttributeError:
@@ -226,7 +250,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         :rtype: None
         """
         overridden_providers = []
-        for name, overriding_provider in overriding_providers.items():
+        for name, overriding_provider in six.iteritems(overriding_providers):
             container_provider = getattr(self, name)
             container_provider.override(overriding_provider)
             overridden_providers.append(container_provider)
@@ -242,7 +266,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
 
         self.overridden = self.overridden[:-1]
 
-        for provider in self.providers.values():
+        for provider in six.itervalues(self.providers):
             provider.reset_last_overriding()
 
     def reset_override(self):
@@ -252,14 +276,14 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         """
         self.overridden = tuple()
 
-        for provider in self.providers.values():
+        for provider in six.itervalues(self.providers):
             provider.reset_override()
 
     def is_auto_wiring_enabled(self):
         """Check if auto wiring is needed."""
         return self.wiring_config.auto_wire is True
 
-    def wire(self, modules=None, packages=None, from_package=None, keep_cache=None):
+    def wire(self, modules=None, packages=None, from_package=None):
         """Wire container providers with provided packages and modules.
 
         :rtype: None
@@ -290,14 +314,10 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         if not modules and not packages:
             return
 
-        if keep_cache is None:
-            keep_cache = self.wiring_config.keep_cache
-
         wire(
             container=self,
             modules=modules,
             packages=packages,
-            keep_cache=keep_cache,
         )
 
         if modules:
@@ -315,15 +335,11 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         self.wired_to_modules.clear()
         self.wired_to_packages.clear()
 
-    def init_resources(self, resource_type=providers.Resource):
+    def init_resources(self):
         """Initialize all container resources."""
-
-        if not issubclass(resource_type, providers.Resource):
-            raise TypeError("resource_type must be a subclass of Resource provider")
-
         futures = []
 
-        for provider in self.traverse(types=[resource_type]):
+        for provider in self.traverse(types=[providers.Resource]):
             resource = provider.init()
 
             if __is_future_or_coroutine(resource):
@@ -332,12 +348,8 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
         if futures:
             return asyncio.gather(*futures)
 
-    def shutdown_resources(self, resource_type=providers.Resource):
+    def shutdown_resources(self):
         """Shutdown all container resources."""
-
-        if not issubclass(resource_type, providers.Resource):
-            raise TypeError("resource_type must be a subclass of Resource provider")
-
         def _independent_resources(resources):
             for resource in resources:
                 for other_resource in resources:
@@ -368,7 +380,7 @@ class DynamicContainer(Container):
                 for resource in resources_to_shutdown:
                     resource.shutdown()
 
-        resources = list(self.traverse(types=[resource_type]))
+        resources = list(self.traverse(types=[providers.Resource]))
         if any(resource.is_async_mode_enabled() for resource in resources):
             return _async_ordered_shutdown(resources)
         else:
@@ -483,13 +495,13 @@ class DeclarativeContainerMetaClass(type):
 
         containers = {
             name: container
-            for name, container in attributes.items()
+            for name, container in six.iteritems(attributes)
             if is_container(container)
         }
 
         cls_providers = {
             name: provider
-            for name, provider in attributes.items()
+            for name, provider in six.iteritems(attributes)
             if isinstance(provider, providers.Provider) and not isinstance(provider, providers.Self)
         }
 
@@ -497,7 +509,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainerMetaClass(type):
             name: provider
             for base in bases
             if is_container(base) and base is not DynamicContainer
-            for name, provider in base.providers.items()
+            for name, provider in six.iteritems(base.providers)
         }
 
         all_providers = {}
@@ -524,10 +536,10 @@ class DeclarativeContainerMetaClass(type):
         self.set_container(cls)
         cls.__self__ = self
 
-        for provider in cls.providers.values():
+        for provider in six.itervalues(cls.providers):
             _check_provider_type(cls, provider)
 
-        for provider in cls.cls_providers.values():
+        for provider in six.itervalues(cls.cls_providers):
             if isinstance(provider, providers.CHILD_PROVIDERS):
                 provider.assign_parent(cls)
 
@@ -629,7 +641,8 @@ class DeclarativeContainerMetaClass(type):
         return self
 
 
-class DeclarativeContainer(Container, metaclass=DeclarativeContainerMetaClass):
+@six.add_metaclass(DeclarativeContainerMetaClass)
+class DeclarativeContainer(Container):
     """Declarative inversion of control container.
 
     .. code-block:: python
@@ -754,7 +767,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainer(Container, metaclass=DeclarativeContainerMetaClass):
 
         cls.overridden += (overriding,)
 
-        for name, provider in overriding.cls_providers.items():
+        for name, provider in six.iteritems(overriding.cls_providers):
             try:
                 getattr(cls, name).override(provider)
             except AttributeError:
@@ -771,7 +784,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainer(Container, metaclass=DeclarativeContainerMetaClass):
 
         cls.overridden = cls.overridden[:-1]
 
-        for provider in cls.providers.values():
+        for provider in six.itervalues(cls.providers):
             provider.reset_last_overriding()
 
     @classmethod
@@ -782,7 +795,7 @@ class DeclarativeContainer(Container, metaclass=DeclarativeContainerMetaClass):
         """
         cls.overridden = tuple()
 
-        for provider in cls.providers.values():
+        for provider in six.itervalues(cls.providers):
             provider.reset_override()
 
 
@@ -845,7 +858,7 @@ def copy(object base_container):
     """
     def _get_memo_for_matching_names(new_providers, base_providers):
         memo = {}
-        for new_provider_name, new_provider in new_providers.items():
+        for new_provider_name, new_provider in six.iteritems(new_providers):
             if new_provider_name not in base_providers:
                 continue
             source_provider = base_providers[new_provider_name]
@@ -864,7 +877,7 @@ def copy(object base_container):
         new_providers.update(providers.deepcopy(base_container.providers, memo))
         new_providers.update(providers.deepcopy(new_container.cls_providers, memo))
 
-        for name, provider in new_providers.items():
+        for name, provider in six.iteritems(new_providers):
             setattr(new_container, name, provider)
         return new_container
 

src/dependency_injector/errors.py

@@ -10,24 +10,3 @@ class Error(Exception):
 
 class NoSuchProviderError(Error, AttributeError):
     """Error that is raised when provider lookup is failed."""
-
-
-class NonCopyableArgumentError(Error):
-    """Error that is raised when provider argument is not deep-copyable."""
-
-    index: int
-    keyword: str
-    provider: object
-
-    def __init__(self, provider: object, index: int = -1, keyword: str = "") -> None:
-        self.provider = provider
-        self.index = index
-        self.keyword = keyword
-
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        s = (
-            f"keyword argument {self.keyword}"
-            if self.keyword
-            else f"argument at index {self.index}"
-        )
-        return f"Couldn't copy {s} for provider {self.provider!r}"

src/dependency_injector/ext/aiohttp.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import warnings
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
+
 warnings.warn(
     'Module "dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp" is deprecated since '
     'version 4.0.0. Use "dependency_injector.wiring" module instead.',
@@ -37,11 +38,9 @@ class View(providers.Callable):
 
     def as_view(self):
         """Return aiohttp view function."""
-
         @functools.wraps(self.provides)
         async def _view(request, *args, **kwargs):
             return await self.__call__(request, *args, **kwargs)
-
         return _view
 
 
@@ -50,8 +49,6 @@ class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory):
 
     def as_view(self):
         """Return aiohttp view function."""
-
         async def _view(request, *args, **kwargs):
             return await self.__call__(request, *args, **kwargs)
-
         return _view

src/dependency_injector/ext/aiohttp.pyi

@@ -1,16 +1,23 @@
-from typing import Any, Awaitable as _Awaitable, TypeVar
+from typing import Awaitable as _Awaitable
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
-T = TypeVar("T")
 
-class Application(providers.Singleton[T]): ...
-class Extension(providers.Singleton[T]): ...
-class Middleware(providers.DelegatedCallable[T]): ...
-class MiddlewareFactory(providers.Factory[T]): ...
+class Application(providers.Singleton): ...
 
-class View(providers.Callable[T]):
-    def as_view(self) -> _Awaitable[T]: ...
 
-class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory[T]):
-    def as_view(self) -> _Awaitable[T]: ...
+class Extension(providers.Singleton): ...
+
+
+class Middleware(providers.DelegatedCallable): ...
+
+
+class MiddlewareFactory(providers.Factory): ...
+
+
+class View(providers.Callable):
+    def as_view(self) -> _Awaitable: ...
+
+
+class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory):
+    def as_view(self) -> _Awaitable: ...

src/dependency_injector/ext/flask.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 """Flask extension module."""
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
-
 import warnings
 
 from flask import request as flask_request
 
-from dependency_injector import errors, providers
+from dependency_injector import providers, errors
+
 
 warnings.warn(
     'Module "dependency_injector.ext.flask" is deprecated since '
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory):
 def as_view(provider, name=None):
     """Transform class-based view provider to view function."""
     if isinstance(provider, providers.Factory):
-
         def view(*args, **kwargs):
             self = provider()
             return self.dispatch_request(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -53,13 +52,12 @@ def as_view(provider, name=None):
         assert name, 'Argument "endpoint" is required for class-based views'
         view.__name__ = name
     elif isinstance(provider, providers.Callable):
-
         def view(*args, **kwargs):
             return provider(*args, **kwargs)
 
         view.__name__ = provider.provides.__name__
     else:
-        raise errors.Error("Undefined provider type")
+        raise errors.Error('Undefined provider type')
 
     view.__doc__ = provider.provides.__doc__
     view.__module__ = provider.provides.__module__
@@ -67,14 +65,14 @@ def as_view(provider, name=None):
     if isinstance(provider.provides, type):
         view.view_class = provider.provides
 
-    if hasattr(provider.provides, "decorators"):
+    if hasattr(provider.provides, 'decorators'):
         for decorator in provider.provides.decorators:
             view = decorator(view)
 
-    if hasattr(provider.provides, "methods"):
+    if hasattr(provider.provides, 'methods'):
         view.methods = provider.provides.methods
 
-    if hasattr(provider.provides, "provide_automatic_options"):
+    if hasattr(provider.provides, 'provide_automatic_options'):
         view.provide_automatic_options = provider.provides.provide_automatic_options
 
     return view

src/dependency_injector/ext/flask.pyi

@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
-from typing import Any, Callable as _Callable, Optional, TypeVar, Union
-
-from flask.wrappers import Request
+from typing import Union, Optional, Callable as _Callable, Any
 
+from flask import request as flask_request
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
-request: providers.Object[Request]
-T = TypeVar("T")
 
-class Application(providers.Singleton[T]): ...
-class Extension(providers.Singleton[T]): ...
+request: providers.Object[flask_request]
 
-class View(providers.Callable[T]):
-    def as_view(self) -> _Callable[..., T]: ...
 
-class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory[T]):
-    def as_view(self, name: str) -> _Callable[..., T]: ...
+class Application(providers.Singleton): ...
 
-def as_view(
-    provider: Union[View[T], ClassBasedView[T]], name: Optional[str] = None
-) -> _Callable[..., T]: ...
+
+class Extension(providers.Singleton): ...
+
+
+class View(providers.Callable):
+    def as_view(self) -> _Callable[..., Any]: ...
+
+
+class ClassBasedView(providers.Factory):
+    def as_view(self, name: str) -> _Callable[..., Any]: ...
+
+
+def as_view(provider: Union[View, ClassBasedView], name: Optional[str] = None) -> _Callable[..., Any]: ...

src/dependency_injector/ext/starlette.py

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-from typing import Any, Type
-
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):  # pragma: no cover
-    from typing import Self
-else:  # pragma: no cover
-    from typing_extensions import Self
-
-from dependency_injector.containers import Container
-from dependency_injector.providers import Resource
-
-
-class Lifespan:
-    """A starlette lifespan handler performing container resource initialization and shutdown.
-
-    See https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/ for details.
-
-    Usage:
-
-    .. code-block:: python
-
-        from dependency_injector.containers import DeclarativeContainer
-        from dependency_injector.ext.starlette import Lifespan
-        from dependency_injector.providers import Factory, Self, Singleton
-        from starlette.applications import Starlette
-
-        class Container(DeclarativeContainer):
-            __self__ = Self()
-            lifespan = Singleton(Lifespan, __self__)
-            app = Factory(Starlette, lifespan=lifespan)
-
-    :param container: container instance
-    :param resource_type: A :py:class:`~dependency_injector.resources.Resource`
-        subclass. Limits the resources to be initialized and shutdown.
-    """
-
-    container: Container
-    resource_type: Type[Resource[Any]]
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        container: Container,
-        resource_type: Type[Resource[Any]] = Resource,
-    ) -> None:
-        self.container = container
-        self.resource_type = resource_type
-
-    def __call__(self, app: Any) -> Self:
-        return self
-
-    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
-        result = self.container.init_resources(self.resource_type)
-
-        if result is not None:
-            await result
-
-    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None:
-        result = self.container.shutdown_resources(self.resource_type)
-
-        if result is not None:
-            await result

src/dependency_injector/providers.pxd

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 """Providers module."""
 
-import asyncio
+try:
+    import asyncio
+except ImportError:
+    asyncio = None
+
 import functools
 
 cimport cython
@@ -15,7 +19,7 @@ cdef tuple __COROUTINE_TYPES
 
 
 # Base providers
-cdef class Provider:
+cdef class Provider(object):
     cdef tuple _overridden
     cdef Provider _last_overriding
     cdef tuple _overrides
@@ -287,7 +291,7 @@ cdef class MethodCaller(Provider):
 
 
 # Injections
-cdef class Injection:
+cdef class Injection(object):
     cdef object _value
     cdef int _is_provider
     cdef int _is_delegated
@@ -309,12 +313,12 @@ cpdef tuple parse_named_injections(dict kwargs)
 
 
 # Utils
-cdef class OverridingContext:
+cdef class OverridingContext(object):
     cdef Provider _overridden
     cdef Provider _overriding
 
 
-cdef class BaseSingletonResetContext:
+cdef class BaseSingletonResetContext(object):
     cdef object _singleton
 
 
@@ -697,10 +701,3 @@ cdef inline object __future_result(object instance):
     future_result = asyncio.Future()
     future_result.set_result(instance)
     return future_result
-
-
-cdef class NullAwaitable:
-    pass
-
-
-cdef NullAwaitable NULL_AWAITABLE

src/dependency_injector/providers.pyi

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ except ImportError:
 
 from . import resources
 
+
 Injection = Any
 ProviderParent = Union["Provider", Any]
 T = TypeVar("T")
@@ -40,13 +41,16 @@ TT = TypeVar("TT")
 P = TypeVar("P", bound="Provider")
 BS = TypeVar("BS", bound="BaseSingleton")
 
+
 class Provider(Generic[T]):
     def __init__(self) -> None: ...
+
     @overload
     def __call__(self, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> T: ...
     @overload
     def __call__(self, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
     def async_(self, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
+
     def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]]) -> Provider: ...
     def __str__(self) -> str: ...
     def __repr__(self) -> str: ...
@@ -63,9 +67,9 @@ class Provider(Generic[T]):
     def unregister_overrides(self, provider: Union[Provider, Any]) -> None: ...
     def delegate(self) -> Provider: ...
     @property
-    def provider(self) -> Provider[T]: ...
+    def provider(self) -> Provider: ...
     @property
-    def provided(self) -> ProvidedInstance[T]: ...
+    def provided(self) -> ProvidedInstance: ...
     def enable_async_mode(self) -> None: ...
     def disable_async_mode(self) -> None: ...
     def reset_async_mode(self) -> None: ...
@@ -74,12 +78,9 @@ class Provider(Generic[T]):
     def is_async_mode_undefined(self) -> bool: ...
     @property
     def related(self) -> _Iterator[Provider]: ...
-    def traverse(
-        self, types: Optional[_Iterable[Type[TT]]] = None
-    ) -> _Iterator[TT]: ...
-    def _copy_overridings(
-        self, copied: Provider, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]]
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def traverse(self, types: Optional[_Iterable[Type[TT]]] = None) -> _Iterator[TT]: ...
+    def _copy_overridings(self, copied: Provider, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]]) -> None: ...
+
 
 class Object(Provider[T]):
     def __init__(self, provides: Optional[T] = None) -> None: ...
@@ -87,6 +88,7 @@ class Object(Provider[T]):
     def provides(self) -> Optional[T]: ...
     def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[T]) -> Object: ...
 
+
 class Self(Provider[T]):
     def __init__(self, container: Optional[T] = None) -> None: ...
     def set_container(self, container: T) -> None: ...
@@ -94,51 +96,41 @@ class Self(Provider[T]):
     @property
     def alt_names(self) -> Tuple[Any]: ...
 
+
 class Delegate(Provider[Provider]):
     def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None) -> None: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[Provider]: ...
     def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Provider]) -> Delegate: ...
 
+
 class Aggregate(Provider[T]):
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Provider[T]]] = None,
-        **provider_kwargs: Provider[T],
-    ): ...
+    def __init__(self, provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Provider[T]]] = None, **provider_kwargs: Provider[T]): ...
     def __getattr__(self, provider_name: Any) -> Provider[T]: ...
+
     @overload
-    def __call__(
-        self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
-    ) -> T: ...
+    def __call__(self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> T: ...
     @overload
-    def __call__(
-        self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
-    ) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
-    def async_(
-        self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
-    ) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
+    def __call__(self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
+    def async_(self, provider_name: Optional[Any] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> Awaitable[T]: ...
+
     @property
     def providers(self) -> _Dict[Any, Provider[T]]: ...
-    def set_providers(
-        self,
-        provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Provider[T]]] = None,
-        **provider_kwargs: Provider[T],
-    ) -> Aggregate[T]: ...
+    def set_providers(self, provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Provider[T]]] = None, **provider_kwargs: Provider[T]) -> Aggregate[T]: ...
+
 
 class Dependency(Provider[T]):
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        instance_of: Type[T] = object,
-        default: Optional[Union[Provider, Any]] = None,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, instance_of: Type[T] = object, default: Optional[Union[Provider, Any]] = None) -> None: ...
     def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any: ...
+
     @property
     def instance_of(self) -> Type[T]: ...
     def set_instance_of(self, instance_of: Type[T]) -> Dependency[T]: ...
+
     @property
     def default(self) -> Provider[T]: ...
     def set_default(self, default: Optional[Union[Provider, Any]]) -> Dependency[T]: ...
+
     @property
     def is_defined(self) -> bool: ...
     def provided_by(self, provider: Provider) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
@@ -148,8 +140,10 @@ class Dependency(Provider[T]):
     def parent_name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def assign_parent(self, parent: ProviderParent) -> None: ...
 
+
 class ExternalDependency(Dependency[T]): ...
 
+
 class DependenciesContainer(Object):
     def __init__(self, **dependencies: Provider) -> None: ...
     def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider: ...
@@ -162,18 +156,12 @@ class DependenciesContainer(Object):
     def parent_name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def assign_parent(self, parent: ProviderParent) -> None: ...
 
+
 class Callable(Provider[T]):
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None,
-        *args: Injection,
-        **kwargs: Injection,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., T]]: ...
-    def set_provides(
-        self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]
-    ) -> Callable[T]: ...
+    def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]) -> Callable[T]: ...
     @property
     def args(self) -> Tuple[Injection]: ...
     def add_args(self, *args: Injection) -> Callable[T]: ...
@@ -185,23 +173,32 @@ class Callable(Provider[T]):
     def set_kwargs(self, **kwargs: Injection) -> Callable[T]: ...
     def clear_kwargs(self) -> Callable[T]: ...
 
+
 class DelegatedCallable(Callable[T]): ...
 
+
 class AbstractCallable(Callable[T]):
     def override(self, provider: Callable) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
 
+
 class CallableDelegate(Delegate):
     def __init__(self, callable: Callable) -> None: ...
 
+
 class Coroutine(Callable[T]): ...
+
+
 class DelegatedCoroutine(Coroutine[T]): ...
 
+
 class AbstractCoroutine(Coroutine[T]):
     def override(self, provider: Coroutine) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
 
+
 class CoroutineDelegate(Delegate):
     def __init__(self, coroutine: Coroutine) -> None: ...
 
+
 class ConfigurationOption(Provider[Any]):
     UNDEFINED: object
     def __init__(self, name: Tuple[str], root: Configuration) -> None: ...
@@ -215,137 +212,89 @@ class ConfigurationOption(Provider[Any]):
     def get_name_segments(self) -> Tuple[Union[str, Provider]]: ...
     def as_int(self) -> TypedConfigurationOption[int]: ...
     def as_float(self) -> TypedConfigurationOption[float]: ...
-    def as_(
-        self, callback: _Callable[..., T], *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
-    ) -> TypedConfigurationOption[T]: ...
+    def as_(self, callback: _Callable[..., T], *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> TypedConfigurationOption[T]: ...
     def required(self) -> ConfigurationOption: ...
     def is_required(self) -> bool: ...
     def update(self, value: Any) -> None: ...
-    def from_ini(
-        self,
-        filepath: Union[Path, str],
-        required: bool = False,
-        envs_required: Optional[bool] = False,
-    ) -> None: ...
-    def from_yaml(
-        self,
-        filepath: Union[Path, str],
-        required: bool = False,
-        loader: Optional[Any] = None,
-        envs_required: Optional[bool] = False,
-    ) -> None: ...
-    def from_json(
-        self,
-        filepath: Union[Path, str],
-        required: bool = False,
-        envs_required: Optional[bool] = False,
-    ) -> None: ...
-    def from_pydantic(
-        self, settings: PydanticSettings, required: bool = False, **kwargs: Any
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_ini(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
+    def from_yaml(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, loader: Optional[Any] = None, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
+    def from_json(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
+    def from_pydantic(self, settings: PydanticSettings, required: bool = False, **kwargs: Any) -> None: ...
     def from_dict(self, options: _Dict[str, Any], required: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def from_env(
-        self,
-        name: str,
-        default: Optional[Any] = None,
-        required: bool = False,
-        as_: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_env(self, name: str, default: Optional[Any] = None, required: bool = False, as_: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None) -> None: ...
     def from_value(self, value: Any) -> None: ...
 
+
 class TypedConfigurationOption(Callable[T]):
     @property
     def option(self) -> ConfigurationOption: ...
 
+
 class Configuration(Object[Any]):
     DEFAULT_NAME: str = "config"
     def __init__(
-        self,
-        name: str = DEFAULT_NAME,
-        default: Optional[Any] = None,
-        *,
-        strict: bool = False,
-        ini_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
-        yaml_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
-        json_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
-        pydantic_settings: Optional[_Iterable[PydanticSettings]] = None,
+            self,
+            name: str = DEFAULT_NAME,
+            default: Optional[Any] = None,
+            *,
+            strict: bool = False,
+            ini_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
+            yaml_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
+            json_files: Optional[_Iterable[Union[Path, str]]] = None,
+            pydantic_settings: Optional[_Iterable[PydanticSettings]] = None,
     ) -> None: ...
-    def __enter__(self) -> Configuration: ...
+    def __enter__(self) -> Configuration : ...
     def __exit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None: ...
     def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> ConfigurationOption: ...
     def __getitem__(self, item: Union[str, Provider]) -> ConfigurationOption: ...
+
     def get_name(self) -> str: ...
     def set_name(self, name: str) -> Configuration: ...
+
     def get_default(self) -> _Dict[Any, Any]: ...
     def set_default(self, default: _Dict[Any, Any]): ...
+
     def get_strict(self) -> bool: ...
     def set_strict(self, strict: bool) -> Configuration: ...
+
     def get_children(self) -> _Dict[str, ConfigurationOption]: ...
-    def set_children(
-        self, children: _Dict[str, ConfigurationOption]
-    ) -> Configuration: ...
+    def set_children(self, children: _Dict[str, ConfigurationOption]) -> Configuration: ...
+
     def get_ini_files(self) -> _List[Union[Path, str]]: ...
     def set_ini_files(self, files: _Iterable[Union[Path, str]]) -> Configuration: ...
+
     def get_yaml_files(self) -> _List[Union[Path, str]]: ...
     def set_yaml_files(self, files: _Iterable[Union[Path, str]]) -> Configuration: ...
+
     def get_json_files(self) -> _List[Union[Path, str]]: ...
     def set_json_files(self, files: _Iterable[Union[Path, str]]) -> Configuration: ...
+
     def get_pydantic_settings(self) -> _List[PydanticSettings]: ...
-    def set_pydantic_settings(
-        self, settings: _Iterable[PydanticSettings]
-    ) -> Configuration: ...
+    def set_pydantic_settings(self, settings: _Iterable[PydanticSettings]) -> Configuration: ...
+
     def load(self, required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
+
     def get(self, selector: str) -> Any: ...
     def set(self, selector: str, value: Any) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
     def reset_cache(self) -> None: ...
     def update(self, value: Any) -> None: ...
-    def from_ini(
-        self,
-        filepath: Union[Path, str],
-        required: bool = False,
-        envs_required: bool = False,
-    ) -> None: ...
-    def from_yaml(
-        self,
-        filepath: Union[Path, str],
-        required: bool = False,
-        loader: Optional[Any] = None,
-        envs_required: bool = False,
-    ) -> None: ...
-    def from_json(
-        self,
-        filepath: Union[Path, str],
-        required: bool = False,
-        envs_required: bool = False,
-    ) -> None: ...
-    def from_pydantic(
-        self, settings: PydanticSettings, required: bool = False, **kwargs: Any
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_ini(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
+    def from_yaml(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, loader: Optional[Any] = None, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
+    def from_json(self, filepath: Union[Path, str], required: bool = False, envs_required: bool = False) -> None: ...
+    def from_pydantic(self, settings: PydanticSettings, required: bool = False, **kwargs: Any) -> None: ...
     def from_dict(self, options: _Dict[str, Any], required: bool = False) -> None: ...
-    def from_env(
-        self,
-        name: str,
-        default: Optional[Any] = None,
-        required: bool = False,
-        as_: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def from_env(self, name: str, default: Optional[Any] = None, required: bool = False, as_: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None) -> None: ...
     def from_value(self, value: Any) -> None: ...
 
+
 class Factory(Provider[T]):
     provided_type: Optional[Type]
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None,
-        *args: Injection,
-        **kwargs: Injection,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
     @property
     def cls(self) -> Type[T]: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., T]]: ...
-    def set_provides(
-        self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]
-    ) -> Factory[T]: ...
+    def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]) -> Factory[T]: ...
     @property
     def args(self) -> Tuple[Injection]: ...
     def add_args(self, *args: Injection) -> Factory[T]: ...
@@ -362,39 +311,33 @@ class Factory(Provider[T]):
     def set_attributes(self, **kwargs: Injection) -> Factory[T]: ...
     def clear_attributes(self) -> Factory[T]: ...
 
+
 class DelegatedFactory(Factory[T]): ...
 
+
 class AbstractFactory(Factory[T]):
     def override(self, provider: Factory) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
 
+
 class FactoryDelegate(Delegate):
     def __init__(self, factory: Factory): ...
 
+
 class FactoryAggregate(Aggregate[T]):
     def __getattr__(self, provider_name: Any) -> Factory[T]: ...
     @property
     def factories(self) -> _Dict[Any, Factory[T]]: ...
-    def set_factories(
-        self,
-        provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Factory[T]]] = None,
-        **provider_kwargs: Factory[T],
-    ) -> FactoryAggregate[T]: ...
+    def set_factories(self, provider_dict: Optional[_Dict[Any, Factory[T]]] = None, **provider_kwargs: Factory[T]) -> FactoryAggregate[T]: ...
+
 
 class BaseSingleton(Provider[T]):
     provided_type = Optional[Type]
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None,
-        *args: Injection,
-        **kwargs: Injection,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
     @property
     def cls(self) -> Type[T]: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., T]]: ...
-    def set_provides(
-        self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]
-    ) -> BaseSingleton[T]: ...
+    def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]]) -> BaseSingleton[T]: ...
     @property
     def args(self) -> Tuple[Injection]: ...
     def add_args(self, *args: Injection) -> BaseSingleton[T]: ...
@@ -413,20 +356,36 @@ class BaseSingleton(Provider[T]):
     def reset(self) -> SingletonResetContext[BS]: ...
     def full_reset(self) -> SingletonFullResetContext[BS]: ...
 
+
 class Singleton(BaseSingleton[T]): ...
+
+
 class DelegatedSingleton(Singleton[T]): ...
+
+
 class ThreadSafeSingleton(Singleton[T]): ...
+
+
 class DelegatedThreadSafeSingleton(ThreadSafeSingleton[T]): ...
+
+
 class ThreadLocalSingleton(BaseSingleton[T]): ...
+
+
 class ContextLocalSingleton(BaseSingleton[T]): ...
+
+
 class DelegatedThreadLocalSingleton(ThreadLocalSingleton[T]): ...
 
+
 class AbstractSingleton(BaseSingleton[T]):
     def override(self, provider: BaseSingleton) -> OverridingContext[P]: ...
 
+
 class SingletonDelegate(Delegate):
     def __init__(self, singleton: BaseSingleton): ...
 
+
 class List(Provider[_List]):
     def __init__(self, *args: Injection): ...
     @property
@@ -435,63 +394,29 @@ class List(Provider[_List]):
     def set_args(self, *args: Injection) -> List[T]: ...
     def clear_args(self) -> List[T]: ...
 
+
 class Dict(Provider[_Dict]):
-    def __init__(
-        self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection
-    ): ...
+    def __init__(self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection): ...
     @property
     def kwargs(self) -> _Dict[Any, Injection]: ...
-    def add_kwargs(
-        self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection
-    ) -> Dict: ...
-    def set_kwargs(
-        self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection
-    ) -> Dict: ...
+    def add_kwargs(self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection) -> Dict: ...
+    def set_kwargs(self, dict_: Optional[_Dict[Any, Injection]] = None, **kwargs: Injection) -> Dict: ...
     def clear_kwargs(self) -> Dict: ...
 
+
 class Resource(Provider[T]):
     @overload
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        provides: Optional[Type[resources.Resource[T]]] = None,
-        *args: Injection,
-        **kwargs: Injection,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Type[resources.Resource[T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        provides: Optional[Type[resources.AsyncResource[T]]] = None,
-        *args: Injection,
-        **kwargs: Injection,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Type[resources.AsyncResource[T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _Iterator[T]]] = None,
-        *args: Injection,
-        **kwargs: Injection,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _Iterator[T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _AsyncIterator[T]]] = None,
-        *args: Injection,
-        **kwargs: Injection,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _AsyncIterator[T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _Coroutine[Injection, Injection, T]]] = None,
-        *args: Injection,
-        **kwargs: Injection,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[_Callable[..., _Coroutine[Injection, Injection, T]]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
     @overload
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None,
-        *args: Injection,
-        **kwargs: Injection,
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Union[_Callable[..., T], str]] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., Any]]: ...
     def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Any]) -> Resource[T]: ...
@@ -510,13 +435,9 @@ class Resource(Provider[T]):
     def init(self) -> Optional[Awaitable[T]]: ...
     def shutdown(self) -> Optional[Awaitable]: ...
 
+
 class Container(Provider[T]):
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        container_cls: Type[T],
-        container: Optional[T] = None,
-        **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any],
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, container_cls: Type[T], container: Optional[T] = None, **overriding_providers: Union[Provider, Any]) -> None: ...
     def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider: ...
     @property
     def container(self) -> T: ...
@@ -527,51 +448,50 @@ class Container(Provider[T]):
     def parent_name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def assign_parent(self, parent: ProviderParent) -> None: ...
 
+
 class Selector(Provider[Any]):
-    def __init__(
-        self, selector: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None, **providers: Provider
-    ): ...
+    def __init__(self, selector: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]] = None, **providers: Provider): ...
     def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Provider: ...
+
     @property
     def selector(self) -> Optional[_Callable[..., Any]]: ...
     def set_selector(self, selector: Optional[_Callable[..., Any]]) -> Selector: ...
+
     @property
     def providers(self) -> _Dict[str, Provider]: ...
     def set_providers(self, **providers: Provider) -> Selector: ...
 
+
 class ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface:
     def __getattr__(self, item: Any) -> AttributeGetter: ...
     def __getitem__(self, item: Any) -> ItemGetter: ...
     def call(self, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> MethodCaller: ...
     @property
     def provides(self) -> Optional[Provider]: ...
-    def set_provides(
-        self, provides: Optional[Provider]
-    ) -> ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface: ...
+    def set_provides(self, provides: Optional[Provider]) -> ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface: ...
+
 
 class ProvidedInstance(Provider, ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface):
     def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None) -> None: ...
 
+
 class AttributeGetter(Provider, ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface):
-    def __init__(
-        self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, name: Optional[str] = None
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, name: Optional[str] = None) -> None: ...
     @property
     def name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def set_name(self, name: Optional[str]) -> ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface: ...
 
+
 class ItemGetter(Provider, ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface):
-    def __init__(
-        self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, name: Optional[str] = None
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, name: Optional[str] = None) -> None: ...
     @property
     def name(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
     def set_name(self, name: Optional[str]) -> ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface: ...
 
+
 class MethodCaller(Provider, ProvidedInstanceFluentInterface):
-    def __init__(
-        self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, provides: Optional[Provider] = None, *args: Injection, **kwargs: Injection) -> None: ...
+
 
 class OverridingContext(Generic[T]):
     def __init__(self, overridden: Provider, overriding: Provider): ...
@@ -580,39 +500,47 @@ class OverridingContext(Generic[T]):
         pass
     ...
 
+
 class BaseSingletonResetContext(Generic[T]):
     def __init__(self, provider: T): ...
     def __enter__(self) -> T: ...
     def __exit__(self, *_: Any) -> None: ...
 
-class SingletonResetContext(BaseSingletonResetContext): ...
-class SingletonFullResetContext(BaseSingletonResetContext): ...
+
+class SingletonResetContext(BaseSingletonResetContext):
+    ...
+
+
+class SingletonFullResetContext(BaseSingletonResetContext):
+    ...
+
 
 CHILD_PROVIDERS: Tuple[Provider]
 
+
 def is_provider(instance: Any) -> bool: ...
+
+
 def ensure_is_provider(instance: Any) -> Provider: ...
+
+
 def is_delegated(instance: Any) -> bool: ...
+
+
 def represent_provider(provider: Provider, provides: Any) -> str: ...
-def deepcopy(instance: Any, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]] = None) -> Any: ...
-def deepcopy_args(
-    provider: Provider[Any],
-    args: Tuple[Any, ...],
-    memo: Optional[_Dict[int, Any]] = None,
-) -> Tuple[Any, ...]: ...
-def deepcopy_kwargs(
-    provider: Provider[Any],
-    kwargs: _Dict[str, Any],
-    memo: Optional[_Dict[int, Any]] = None,
-) -> Dict[str, Any]: ...
+
+
+def deepcopy(instance: Any, memo: Optional[_Dict[Any, Any]] = None): Any: ...
+
+
 def merge_dicts(dict1: _Dict[Any, Any], dict2: _Dict[Any, Any]) -> _Dict[Any, Any]: ...
-def traverse(
-    *providers: Provider, types: Optional[_Iterable[Type]] = None
-) -> _Iterator[Provider]: ...
+
+
+def traverse(*providers: Provider, types: Optional[_Iterable[Type]]=None) -> _Iterator[Provider]: ...
+
 
 if yaml:
     class YamlLoader(yaml.SafeLoader): ...
-
 else:
     class YamlLoader: ...
 

src/dependency_injector/providers.pyx

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
-import asyncio
-import builtins
 import copy
 import errno
 import functools
@@ -14,26 +12,36 @@ import os
 import re
 import sys
 import threading
+import types
 import warnings
-from asyncio import ensure_future
-from configparser import ConfigParser as IniConfigParser
-from contextlib import asynccontextmanager, contextmanager
-from contextvars import ContextVar
-from inspect import isasyncgenfunction, isgeneratorfunction
 
 try:
-    from inspect import _is_coroutine_mark as _is_coroutine_marker
+    import contextvars
 except ImportError:
-    try:
-        # Python >=3.12.0,<3.12.5
-        from inspect import _is_coroutine_marker
-    except ImportError:
+    contextvars = None
+
+try:
+    import builtins
+except ImportError:
+    # Python 2.7
+    import __builtin__ as builtins
+
+try:
+    import asyncio
+except ImportError:
+    asyncio = None
+    _is_coroutine_marker = None
+else:
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 5, 3):
+        import asyncio.coroutines
+        _is_coroutine_marker = asyncio.coroutines._is_coroutine
+    else:
         _is_coroutine_marker = True
 
 try:
-    from asyncio.coroutines import _is_coroutine
+    import ConfigParser as iniconfigparser
 except ImportError:
-    _is_coroutine = True
+    import configparser as iniconfigparser
 
 try:
     import yaml
@@ -63,17 +71,34 @@ except ImportError:
 from .errors import (
     Error,
     NoSuchProviderError,
-    NonCopyableArgumentError,
 )
 
 cimport cython
 
 
+if sys.version_info[0] == 3:  # pragma: no cover
+    CLASS_TYPES = (type,)
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    CLASS_TYPES = (type, types.ClassType)
+
+    copy._deepcopy_dispatch[types.MethodType] = \
+        lambda obj, memo: type(obj)(obj.im_func,
+                                    copy.deepcopy(obj.im_self, memo),
+                                    obj.im_class)
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 5):
+    warnings.warn(
+        "Dependency Injector will drop support of Python 3.5 after Jan 1st of 2022. "
+        "This does not mean that there will be any immediate breaking changes, "
+        "but tests will no longer be executed on Python 3.5, and bugs will not be addressed.",
+        category=DeprecationWarning,
+    )
+
 config_env_marker_pattern = re.compile(
     r"\${(?P<name>[^}^{:]+)(?P<separator>:?)(?P<default>.*?)}",
 )
 
-cdef str _resolve_config_env_markers(config_content: str, envs_required: bool):
+def _resolve_config_env_markers(config_content, envs_required=False):
     """Replace environment variable markers with their values."""
     findings = list(config_env_marker_pattern.finditer(config_content))
 
@@ -92,19 +117,28 @@ cdef str _resolve_config_env_markers(config_content: str, envs_required: bool):
     return config_content
 
 
-cdef object _parse_ini_file(filepath, envs_required: bool | None):
-    parser = IniConfigParser()
-
-    with open(filepath) as config_file:
-        config_string = config_file.read()
-
-        if envs_required is not None:
+if sys.version_info[0] == 3:
+    def _parse_ini_file(filepath, envs_required=False):
+        parser = iniconfigparser.ConfigParser()
+        with open(filepath) as config_file:
             config_string = _resolve_config_env_markers(
-                config_string,
+                config_file.read(),
                 envs_required=envs_required,
             )
-    parser.read_string(config_string)
-    return parser
+        parser.read_string(config_string)
+        return parser
+else:
+    import StringIO
+
+    def _parse_ini_file(filepath, envs_required=False):
+        parser = iniconfigparser.ConfigParser()
+        with open(filepath) as config_file:
+            config_string = _resolve_config_env_markers(
+                config_file.read(),
+                envs_required=envs_required,
+            )
+        parser.readfp(StringIO.StringIO(config_string))
+        return parser
 
 
 if yaml:
@@ -128,7 +162,7 @@ cdef int ASYNC_MODE_ENABLED = 1
 cdef int ASYNC_MODE_DISABLED = 2
 
 cdef set __iscoroutine_typecache = set()
-cdef tuple __COROUTINE_TYPES = asyncio.coroutines._COROUTINE_TYPES
+cdef tuple __COROUTINE_TYPES = asyncio.coroutines._COROUTINE_TYPES if asyncio else tuple()
 
 cdef dict pydantic_settings_to_dict(settings, dict kwargs):
     if not has_pydantic_settings:
@@ -138,7 +172,7 @@ cdef dict pydantic_settings_to_dict(settings, dict kwargs):
             f"\"pip install dependency-injector[{pydantic_extra}]\""
         )
 
-    if isinstance(settings, type) and issubclass(settings, PydanticSettings):
+    if isinstance(settings, CLASS_TYPES) and issubclass(settings, PydanticSettings):
         raise Error(
             "Got settings class, but expect instance: "
             "instead \"{0}\" use \"{0}()\"".format(settings.__name__)
@@ -156,7 +190,7 @@ cdef dict pydantic_settings_to_dict(settings, dict kwargs):
     return settings.model_dump(mode="python", **kwargs)
 
 
-cdef class Provider:
+cdef class Provider(object):
     """Base provider class.
 
     :py:class:`Provider` is callable (implements ``__call__`` method). Every
@@ -878,9 +912,12 @@ cdef class Dependency(Provider):
 
     def set_instance_of(self, instance_of):
         """Set type."""
-        if not isinstance(instance_of, type):
+        if not isinstance(instance_of, CLASS_TYPES):
             raise TypeError(
-                f"\"instance_of\" is not a class (got {instance_of!r}))",
+                "\"instance_of\" has incorrect type (expected {0}, got {1}))".format(
+                    CLASS_TYPES,
+                    instance_of,
+                ),
             )
         self._instance_of = instance_of
         return self
@@ -1215,8 +1252,8 @@ cdef class Callable(Provider):
 
         copied = _memorized_duplicate(self, memo)
         copied.set_provides(_copy_if_provider(self.provides, memo))
-        copied.set_args(*deepcopy_args(self, self.args, memo))
-        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy_kwargs(self, self.kwargs, memo))
+        copied.set_args(*deepcopy(self.args, memo))
+        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy(self.kwargs, memo))
         self._copy_overridings(copied, memo)
         return copied
 
@@ -1437,11 +1474,12 @@ cdef class Coroutine(Callable):
         some_coroutine.add_kwargs(keyword_argument1=3, keyword_argument=4)
     """
 
-    _is_coroutine_marker = _is_coroutine_marker  # Python >=3.12
-    _is_coroutine = _is_coroutine  # Python <3.16
+    _is_coroutine = _is_coroutine_marker
 
     def set_provides(self, provides):
         """Set provider provides."""
+        if not asyncio:
+            raise Error("Package asyncio is not available")
         provides = _resolve_string_import(provides)
         if provides and not asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(provides):
             raise Error(f"Provider {_class_qualname(self)} expected to get coroutine function, "
@@ -1595,7 +1633,8 @@ cdef class ConfigurationOption(Provider):
             segment() if is_provider(segment) else segment for segment in self._name
         )
 
-    def _get_root(self):
+    @property
+    def root(self):
         return self._root
 
     def get_name(self):
@@ -1673,7 +1712,7 @@ cdef class ConfigurationOption(Provider):
         try:
             parser = _parse_ini_file(
                 filepath,
-                envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
+                envs_required=envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
             )
         except IOError as exception:
             if required is not False \
@@ -1732,11 +1771,10 @@ cdef class ConfigurationOption(Provider):
                 raise
             return
 
-        if envs_required is not None:
-            config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
-                config_content,
-                envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
-            )
+        config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
+            config_content,
+            envs_required=envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
+        )
         config = yaml.load(config_content, loader)
 
         current_config = self.__call__()
@@ -1771,11 +1809,10 @@ cdef class ConfigurationOption(Provider):
                 raise
             return
 
-        if envs_required is not None:
-            config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
-                config_content,
-                envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
-            )
+        config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
+            config_content,
+            envs_required=envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
+        )
         config = json.loads(config_content)
 
         current_config = self.__call__()
@@ -2228,7 +2265,7 @@ cdef class Configuration(Object):
         try:
             parser = _parse_ini_file(
                 filepath,
-                envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
+                envs_required=envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
             )
         except IOError as exception:
             if required is not False \
@@ -2287,11 +2324,10 @@ cdef class Configuration(Object):
                 raise
             return
 
-        if envs_required is not None:
-            config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
-                config_content,
-                envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
-            )
+        config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
+            config_content,
+            envs_required=envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
+        )
         config = yaml.load(config_content, loader)
 
         current_config = self.__call__()
@@ -2326,11 +2362,10 @@ cdef class Configuration(Object):
                 raise
             return
 
-        if envs_required is not None:
-            config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
-                config_content,
-                envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
-            )
+        config_content = _resolve_config_env_markers(
+            config_content,
+            envs_required=envs_required if envs_required is not UNDEFINED else self._is_strict_mode_enabled(),
+        )
         config = json.loads(config_content)
 
         current_config = self.__call__()
@@ -2504,8 +2539,8 @@ cdef class Factory(Provider):
 
         copied = _memorized_duplicate(self, memo)
         copied.set_provides(_copy_if_provider(self.provides, memo))
-        copied.set_args(*deepcopy_args(self, self.args, memo))
-        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy_kwargs(self, self.kwargs, memo))
+        copied.set_args(*deepcopy(self.args, memo))
+        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy(self.kwargs, memo))
         copied.set_attributes(**deepcopy(self.attributes, memo))
         self._copy_overridings(copied, memo)
         return copied
@@ -2803,8 +2838,8 @@ cdef class BaseSingleton(Provider):
 
         copied = _memorized_duplicate(self, memo)
         copied.set_provides(_copy_if_provider(self.provides, memo))
-        copied.set_args(*deepcopy_args(self, self.args, memo))
-        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy_kwargs(self, self.kwargs, memo))
+        copied.set_args(*deepcopy(self.args, memo))
+        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy(self.kwargs, memo))
         copied.set_attributes(**deepcopy(self.attributes, memo))
         self._copy_overridings(copied, memo)
         return copied
@@ -3186,8 +3221,8 @@ cdef class ThreadLocalSingleton(BaseSingleton):
                 return future_result
 
             self._storage.instance = instance
-        
-        return instance
+        finally:
+            return instance
 
     def _async_init_instance(self, future_result, result):
         try:
@@ -3226,10 +3261,15 @@ cdef class ContextLocalSingleton(BaseSingleton):
         :param provides: Provided type.
         :type provides: type
         """
-
+        if not contextvars:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Contextvars library not found. This provider "
+                "requires Python 3.7 or a backport of contextvars. "
+                "To install a backport run \"pip install contextvars\"."
+            )
 
         super(ContextLocalSingleton, self).__init__(provides, *args, **kwargs)
-        self._storage = ContextVar("_storage", default=self._none)
+        self._storage = contextvars.ContextVar("_storage", default=self._none)
 
     def reset(self):
         """Reset cached instance, if any.
@@ -3411,7 +3451,7 @@ cdef class List(Provider):
             return copied
 
         copied = _memorized_duplicate(self, memo)
-        copied.set_args(*deepcopy_args(self, self.args, memo))
+        copied.set_args(*deepcopy(self.args, memo))
         self._copy_overridings(copied, memo)
         return copied
 
@@ -3601,17 +3641,6 @@ cdef class Dict(Provider):
         return __provide_keyword_args(kwargs, self._kwargs, self._kwargs_len, self._async_mode)
 
 
-@cython.no_gc
-cdef class NullAwaitable:
-    def __next__(self):
-        raise StopIteration from None
-
-    def __await__(self):
-        return self
-
-
-cdef NullAwaitable NULL_AWAITABLE = NullAwaitable()
-
 
 cdef class Resource(Provider):
     """Resource provider provides a component with initialization and shutdown."""
@@ -3645,8 +3674,8 @@ cdef class Resource(Provider):
 
         copied = _memorized_duplicate(self, memo)
         copied.set_provides(_copy_if_provider(self.provides, memo))
-        copied.set_args(*deepcopy_args(self, self.args, memo))
-        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy_kwargs(self, self.kwargs, memo))
+        copied.set_args(*deepcopy(self.args, memo))
+        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy(self.kwargs, memo))
 
         self._copy_overridings(copied, memo)
 
@@ -3667,12 +3696,6 @@ cdef class Resource(Provider):
     def set_provides(self, provides):
         """Set provider provides."""
         provides = _resolve_string_import(provides)
-
-        if isasyncgenfunction(provides):
-            provides = asynccontextmanager(provides)
-        elif isgeneratorfunction(provides):
-            provides = contextmanager(provides)
-
         self._provides = provides
         return self
 
@@ -3773,21 +3796,28 @@ cdef class Resource(Provider):
         """Shutdown resource."""
         if not self._initialized:
             if self._async_mode == ASYNC_MODE_ENABLED:
-                return NULL_AWAITABLE
+                result = asyncio.Future()
+                result.set_result(None)
+                return result
             return
 
         if self._shutdowner:
-            future = self._shutdowner(None, None, None)
-
-            if __is_future_or_coroutine(future):
-                return ensure_future(self._shutdown_async(future))
+            try:
+                shutdown = self._shutdowner(self._resource)
+            except StopIteration:
+                pass
+            else:
+                if inspect.isawaitable(shutdown):
+                    return self._create_shutdown_future(shutdown)
 
         self._resource = None
         self._initialized = False
         self._shutdowner = None
 
         if self._async_mode == ASYNC_MODE_ENABLED:
-            return NULL_AWAITABLE
+            result = asyncio.Future()
+            result.set_result(None)
+            return result
 
     @property
     def related(self):
@@ -3797,75 +3827,169 @@ cdef class Resource(Provider):
         yield from filter(is_provider, self.kwargs.values())
         yield from super().related
 
-    async def _shutdown_async(self, future) -> None:
-        try:
-            await future
-        finally:
-            self._resource = None
-            self._initialized = False
-            self._shutdowner = None
-
-    async def _handle_async_cm(self, obj) -> None:
-        try:
-            self._resource = resource = await obj.__aenter__()
-            self._shutdowner = obj.__aexit__
-            return resource
-        except:
-            self._initialized = False
-            raise
-
-    async def _provide_async(self, future) -> None:
-        try:
-            obj = await future
-
-            if hasattr(obj, '__aenter__') and hasattr(obj, '__aexit__'):
-                self._resource = await obj.__aenter__()
-                self._shutdowner = obj.__aexit__
-            elif hasattr(obj, '__enter__') and hasattr(obj, '__exit__'):
-                self._resource = obj.__enter__()
-                self._shutdowner = obj.__exit__
-            else:
-                self._resource = obj
-                self._shutdowner = None
-
-            return self._resource
-        except:
-            self._initialized = False
-            raise
-
     cpdef object _provide(self, tuple args, dict kwargs):
         if self._initialized:
             return self._resource
 
-        obj = __call(
-            self._provides,
-            args,
-            self._args,
-            self._args_len,
-            kwargs,
-            self._kwargs,
-            self._kwargs_len,
-            self._async_mode,
-        )
-
-        if __is_future_or_coroutine(obj):
+        if self._is_resource_subclass(self._provides):
+            initializer = self._provides()
+            self._resource = __call(
+                initializer.init,
+                args,
+                self._args,
+                self._args_len,
+                kwargs,
+                self._kwargs,
+                self._kwargs_len,
+                self._async_mode,
+            )
+            self._shutdowner = initializer.shutdown
+        elif self._is_async_resource_subclass(self._provides):
+            initializer = self._provides()
+            async_init = __call(
+                initializer.init,
+                args,
+                self._args,
+                self._args_len,
+                kwargs,
+                self._kwargs,
+                self._kwargs_len,
+                self._async_mode,
+            )
             self._initialized = True
-            self._resource = resource = ensure_future(self._provide_async(obj))
-            return resource
-        elif hasattr(obj, '__enter__') and hasattr(obj, '__exit__'):
-            self._resource = obj.__enter__()
-            self._shutdowner = obj.__exit__
-        elif hasattr(obj, '__aenter__') and hasattr(obj, '__aexit__'):
+            return self._create_init_future(async_init, initializer.shutdown)
+        elif inspect.isgeneratorfunction(self._provides):
+            initializer = __call(
+                self._provides,
+                args,
+                self._args,
+                self._args_len,
+                kwargs,
+                self._kwargs,
+                self._kwargs_len,
+                self._async_mode,
+            )
+            self._resource = next(initializer)
+            self._shutdowner = initializer.send
+        elif iscoroutinefunction(self._provides):
+            initializer = __call(
+                self._provides,
+                args,
+                self._args,
+                self._args_len,
+                kwargs,
+                self._kwargs,
+                self._kwargs_len,
+                self._async_mode,
+            )
             self._initialized = True
-            self._resource = resource = ensure_future(self._handle_async_cm(obj))
-            return resource
+            return self._create_init_future(initializer)
+        elif isasyncgenfunction(self._provides):
+            initializer = __call(
+                self._provides,
+                args,
+                self._args,
+                self._args_len,
+                kwargs,
+                self._kwargs,
+                self._kwargs_len,
+                self._async_mode,
+            )
+            self._initialized = True
+            return self._create_async_gen_init_future(initializer)
+        elif callable(self._provides):
+            self._resource = __call(
+                self._provides,
+                args,
+                self._args,
+                self._args_len,
+                kwargs,
+                self._kwargs,
+                self._kwargs_len,
+                self._async_mode,
+            )
         else:
-            self._resource = obj
-            self._shutdowner = None
+            raise Error("Unknown type of resource initializer")
 
         self._initialized = True
         return self._resource
 
+    def _create_init_future(self, future, shutdowner=None):
+        callback = self._async_init_callback
+        if shutdowner:
+            callback = functools.partial(callback, shutdowner=shutdowner)
+
+        future = asyncio.ensure_future(future)
+        future.add_done_callback(callback)
+        self._resource = future
+
+        return future
+
+    def _create_async_gen_init_future(self, initializer):
+        if inspect.isasyncgen(initializer):
+            return self._create_init_future(initializer.__anext__(), initializer.asend)
+
+        future = asyncio.Future()
+
+        create_initializer = asyncio.ensure_future(initializer)
+        create_initializer.add_done_callback(functools.partial(self._async_create_gen_callback, future))
+        self._resource = future
+
+        return future
+
+    def _async_init_callback(self, initializer, shutdowner=None):
+        try:
+            resource = initializer.result()
+        except Exception:
+            self._initialized = False
+        else:
+            self._resource = resource
+            self._shutdowner = shutdowner
+
+    def _async_create_gen_callback(self, future, initializer_future):
+        initializer = initializer_future.result()
+        init_future = self._create_init_future(initializer.__anext__(), initializer.asend)
+        init_future.add_done_callback(functools.partial(self._async_trigger_result, future))
+
+    def _async_trigger_result(self, future, future_result):
+        future.set_result(future_result.result())
+
+    def _create_shutdown_future(self, shutdown_future):
+        future = asyncio.Future()
+        shutdown_future = asyncio.ensure_future(shutdown_future)
+        shutdown_future.add_done_callback(functools.partial(self._async_shutdown_callback, future))
+        return future
+
+    def _async_shutdown_callback(self, future_result, shutdowner):
+        try:
+            shutdowner.result()
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            pass
+
+        self._resource = None
+        self._initialized = False
+        self._shutdowner = None
+
+        future_result.set_result(None)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_resource_subclass(instance):
+        if  sys.version_info < (3, 5):
+            return False
+        if not isinstance(instance, CLASS_TYPES):
+            return
+        from . import resources
+        return issubclass(instance, resources.Resource)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_async_resource_subclass(instance):
+        if  sys.version_info < (3, 5):
+            return False
+        if not isinstance(instance, CLASS_TYPES):
+            return
+        from . import resources
+        return issubclass(instance, resources.AsyncResource)
+
 
 cdef class Container(Provider):
     """Container provider provides an instance of declarative container.
@@ -4401,8 +4525,8 @@ cdef class MethodCaller(Provider):
 
         copied = _memorized_duplicate(self, memo)
         copied.set_provides(_copy_if_provider(self.provides, memo))
-        copied.set_args(*deepcopy_args(self, self.args, memo))
-        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy_kwargs(self, self.kwargs, memo))
+        copied.set_args(*deepcopy(self.args, memo))
+        copied.set_kwargs(**deepcopy(self.kwargs, memo))
         self._copy_overridings(copied, memo)
         return copied
 
@@ -4519,7 +4643,7 @@ cdef class MethodCaller(Provider):
             future_result.set_result(result)
 
 
-cdef class Injection:
+cdef class Injection(object):
     """Abstract injection class."""
 
 
@@ -4646,7 +4770,7 @@ cpdef tuple parse_named_injections(dict kwargs):
     return tuple(injections)
 
 
-cdef class OverridingContext:
+cdef class OverridingContext(object):
     """Provider overriding context.
 
     :py:class:`OverridingContext` is used by :py:meth:`Provider.override` for
@@ -4682,7 +4806,7 @@ cdef class OverridingContext:
         self._overridden.reset_last_overriding()
 
 
-cdef class BaseSingletonResetContext:
+cdef class BaseSingletonResetContext(object):
 
     def __init__(self, Provider provider):
         self._singleton = provider
@@ -4718,7 +4842,7 @@ cpdef bint is_provider(object instance):
 
     :rtype: bool
     """
-    return (not isinstance(instance, type) and
+    return (not isinstance(instance, CLASS_TYPES) and
             getattr(instance, "__IS_PROVIDER__", False) is True)
 
 
@@ -4746,7 +4870,7 @@ cpdef bint is_delegated(object instance):
 
     :rtype: bool
     """
-    return (not isinstance(instance, type) and
+    return (not isinstance(instance, CLASS_TYPES) and
             getattr(instance, "__IS_DELEGATED__", False) is True)
 
 
@@ -4777,7 +4901,7 @@ cpdef bint is_container_instance(object instance):
 
     :rtype: bool
     """
-    return (not isinstance(instance, type) and
+    return (not isinstance(instance, CLASS_TYPES) and
             getattr(instance, "__IS_CONTAINER__", False) is True)
 
 
@@ -4789,7 +4913,7 @@ cpdef bint is_container_class(object instance):
 
     :rtype: bool
     """
-    return (isinstance(instance, type) and
+    return (isinstance(instance, CLASS_TYPES) and
             getattr(instance, "__IS_CONTAINER__", False) is True)
 
 
@@ -4803,48 +4927,6 @@ cpdef object deepcopy(object instance, dict memo=None):
     return copy.deepcopy(instance, memo)
 
 
-cpdef tuple deepcopy_args(
-    Provider provider,
-    tuple args,
-    dict[int, object] memo = None,
-):
-    """A wrapper for deepcopy for positional arguments.
-
-    Used to improve debugability of objects that cannot be deep-copied.
-    """
-
-    cdef list[object] out = []
-
-    for i, arg in enumerate(args):
-        try:
-            out.append(copy.deepcopy(arg, memo))
-        except Exception as e:
-            raise NonCopyableArgumentError(provider, index=i) from e
-
-    return tuple(out)
-
-
-cpdef dict[str, object] deepcopy_kwargs(
-    Provider provider,
-    dict[str, object] kwargs,
-    dict[int, object] memo = None,
-):
-    """A wrapper for deepcopy for keyword arguments.
-
-    Used to improve debugability of objects that cannot be deep-copied.
-    """
-
-    cdef dict[str, object] out = {}
-
-    for name, arg in kwargs.items():
-        try:
-            out[name] = copy.deepcopy(arg, memo)
-        except Exception as e:
-            raise NonCopyableArgumentError(provider, keyword=name) from e
-
-    return out
-
-
 def __add_sys_streams(memo):
     """Add system streams to memo dictionary.
 
@@ -4916,6 +4998,14 @@ def iscoroutinefunction(obj):
         return False
 
 
+def isasyncgenfunction(obj):
+    """Check if object is an asynchronous generator function."""
+    try:
+        return inspect.isasyncgenfunction(obj)
+    except AttributeError:
+        return False
+
+
 def _resolve_string_import(provides):
     if provides is None:
         return provides

src/dependency_injector/resources.py

@@ -1,54 +1,27 @@
 """Resources module."""
 
-from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
-from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generic, Optional, Tuple, TypeVar
+import abc
+from typing import TypeVar, Generic, Optional
+
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
 
 
-class Resource(Generic[T], metaclass=ABCMeta):
-    __slots__: ClassVar[Tuple[str, ...]] = ("args", "kwargs", "obj")
+class Resource(Generic[T], metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
-    obj: Optional[T]
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def init(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[T]:
+        ...
 
-    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-        self.args = args
-        self.kwargs = kwargs
-        self.obj = None
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def init(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Optional[T]: ...
-
-    def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[T]) -> None: ...
-
-    def __enter__(self) -> Optional[T]:
-        self.obj = obj = self.init(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
-        return obj
-
-    def __exit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None:
-        self.shutdown(self.obj)
-        self.obj = None
+    def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[T]) -> None:
+        ...
 
 
-class AsyncResource(Generic[T], metaclass=ABCMeta):
-    __slots__: ClassVar[Tuple[str, ...]] = ("args", "kwargs", "obj")
+class AsyncResource(Generic[T], metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
-    obj: Optional[T]
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    async def init(self, *args, **kwargs) -> Optional[T]:
+        ...
 
-    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-        self.args = args
-        self.kwargs = kwargs
-        self.obj = None
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    async def init(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Optional[T]: ...
-
-    async def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[T]) -> None: ...
-
-    async def __aenter__(self) -> Optional[T]:
-        self.obj = obj = await self.init(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
-        return obj
-
-    async def __aexit__(self, *exc_info: Any) -> None:
-        await self.shutdown(self.obj)
-        self.obj = None
+    async def shutdown(self, resource: Optional[T]) -> None:
+        ...

src/dependency_injector/schema.py

@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
         return self._container.providers
 
     def _create_providers(
-        self,
-        provider_schema: ProviderSchema,
-        container: Optional[containers.Container] = None,
+            self,
+            provider_schema: ProviderSchema,
+            container: Optional[containers.Container] = None,
     ) -> None:
         if container is None:
             container = self._container
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                 self._create_providers(provider_schema=data, container=provider)
 
     def _setup_injections(  # noqa: C901
-        self,
-        provider_schema: ProviderSchema,
-        container: Optional[containers.Container] = None,
+            self,
+            provider_schema: ProviderSchema,
+            container: Optional[containers.Container] = None,
     ) -> None:
         if container is None:
             container = self._container
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
             provides = data.get("provides")
             if provides:
                 if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith("container."):
-                    provides = self._resolve_provider(provides[len("container.") :])
+                    provides = self._resolve_provider(provides[len("container."):])
                 else:
                     provides = _import_string(provides)
                 provider.set_provides(provides)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                     injection = None
 
                     if isinstance(arg, str) and arg.startswith("container."):
-                        injection = self._resolve_provider(arg[len("container.") :])
+                        injection = self._resolve_provider(arg[len("container."):])
 
                     # TODO: refactoring
                     if isinstance(arg, dict):
@@ -91,23 +91,16 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                         provider_type = _get_provider_cls(arg.get("provider"))
                         provides = arg.get("provides")
                         if provides:
-                            if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith(
-                                "container."
-                            ):
-                                provides = self._resolve_provider(
-                                    provides[len("container.") :]
-                                )
+                            if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith("container."):
+                                provides = self._resolve_provider(provides[len("container."):])
                             else:
                                 provides = _import_string(provides)
                             provider_args.append(provides)
                         for provider_arg in arg.get("args", []):
-                            if isinstance(
-                                provider_arg, str
-                            ) and provider_arg.startswith("container."):
+                            if isinstance(provider_arg, str) \
+                                    and provider_arg.startswith("container."):
                                 provider_args.append(
-                                    self._resolve_provider(
-                                        provider_arg[len("container.") :]
-                                    ),
+                                    self._resolve_provider(provider_arg[len("container."):]),
                                 )
                         injection = provider_type(*provider_args)
 
@@ -124,7 +117,7 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                     injection = None
 
                     if isinstance(arg, str) and arg.startswith("container."):
-                        injection = self._resolve_provider(arg[len("container.") :])
+                        injection = self._resolve_provider(arg[len("container."):])
 
                     # TODO: refactoring
                     if isinstance(arg, dict):
@@ -132,23 +125,16 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
                         provider_type = _get_provider_cls(arg.get("provider"))
                         provides = arg.get("provides")
                         if provides:
-                            if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith(
-                                "container."
-                            ):
-                                provides = self._resolve_provider(
-                                    provides[len("container.") :]
-                                )
+                            if isinstance(provides, str) and provides.startswith("container."):
+                                provides = self._resolve_provider(provides[len("container."):])
                             else:
                                 provides = _import_string(provides)
                             provider_args.append(provides)
                         for provider_arg in arg.get("args", []):
-                            if isinstance(
-                                provider_arg, str
-                            ) and provider_arg.startswith("container."):
+                            if isinstance(provider_arg, str) \
+                                    and provider_arg.startswith("container."):
                                 provider_args.append(
-                                    self._resolve_provider(
-                                        provider_arg[len("container.") :]
-                                    ),
+                                    self._resolve_provider(provider_arg[len("container."):]),
                                 )
                         injection = provider_type(*provider_args)
 
@@ -172,7 +158,7 @@ class SchemaProcessorV1:
         for segment in segments[1:]:
             parentheses = ""
             if "(" in segment and ")" in segment:
-                parentheses = segment[segment.find("(") : segment.rfind(")") + 1]
+                parentheses = segment[segment.find("("):segment.rfind(")")+1]
                 segment = segment.replace(parentheses, "")
 
             try:
@@ -204,12 +190,10 @@ def _get_provider_cls(provider_cls_name: str) -> Type[providers.Provider]:
     if custom_provider_type:
         return custom_provider_type
 
-    raise SchemaError(f'Undefined provider class "{provider_cls_name}"')
+    raise SchemaError(f"Undefined provider class \"{provider_cls_name}\"")
 
 
-def _fetch_provider_cls_from_std(
-    provider_cls_name: str,
-) -> Optional[Type[providers.Provider]]:
+def _fetch_provider_cls_from_std(provider_cls_name: str) -> Optional[Type[providers.Provider]]:
     return getattr(providers, provider_cls_name, None)
 
 
@@ -217,16 +201,12 @@ def _import_provider_cls(provider_cls_name: str) -> Optional[Type[providers.Prov
     try:
         cls = _import_string(provider_cls_name)
     except (ImportError, ValueError) as exception:
-        raise SchemaError(
-            f'Can not import provider "{provider_cls_name}"'
-        ) from exception
+        raise SchemaError(f"Can not import provider \"{provider_cls_name}\"") from exception
     except AttributeError:
         return None
     else:
         if isinstance(cls, type) and not issubclass(cls, providers.Provider):
-            raise SchemaError(
-                f'Provider class "{cls}" is not a subclass of providers base class'
-            )
+            raise SchemaError(f"Provider class \"{cls}\" is not a subclass of providers base class")
         return cls
 
 

src/dependency_injector/wiring.py

@@ -1,45 +1,34 @@
 """Wiring module."""
 
 import functools
+import inspect
 import importlib
 import importlib.machinery
-import inspect
 import pkgutil
+import warnings
 import sys
-from contextlib import suppress
-from inspect import isbuiltin, isclass
 from types import ModuleType
 from typing import (
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
-    Any,
-    AsyncIterator,
-    Callable,
-    Dict,
+    Optional,
     Iterable,
     Iterator,
-    List,
-    Optional,
-    Protocol,
-    Set,
+    Callable,
+    Any,
     Tuple,
-    Type,
+    Dict,
+    Generic,
     TypeVar,
+    Type,
     Union,
+    Set,
     cast,
 )
-from warnings import warn
 
-try:
-    from typing import Self
-except ImportError:
-    from typing_extensions import Self
-
-try:
-    from functools import cache
-except ImportError:
-    from functools import lru_cache
-
-    cache = lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+if sys.version_info < (3, 7):
+    from typing import GenericMeta
+else:
+    class GenericMeta(type):
+        ...
 
 # Hotfix, see: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/362
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
@@ -47,64 +36,34 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
 else:
     GenericAlias = None
 
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
-    from typing import Annotated, get_args, get_origin
-else:
-    try:
-        from typing_extensions import Annotated, get_args, get_origin
-    except ImportError:
-        Annotated = object()
 
-        # For preventing NameError. Never executes
-        def get_args(hint):
-            return ()
-
-        def get_origin(tp):
-            return None
+try:
+    import fastapi.params
+except ImportError:
+    fastapi = None
 
 
-MARKER_EXTRACTORS: List[Callable[[Any], Any]] = []
-INSPECT_EXCLUSION_FILTERS: List[Callable[[Any], bool]] = [isbuiltin]
-
-with suppress(ImportError):
-    from fastapi.params import Depends as FastAPIDepends
-
-    def extract_marker_from_fastapi(param: Any) -> Any:
-        if isinstance(param, FastAPIDepends):
-            return param.dependency
-        return None
-
-    MARKER_EXTRACTORS.append(extract_marker_from_fastapi)
-
-with suppress(ImportError):
-    from fast_depends.dependencies import Depends as FastDepends
-
-    def extract_marker_from_fast_depends(param: Any) -> Any:
-        if isinstance(param, FastDepends):
-            return param.dependency
-        return None
-
-    MARKER_EXTRACTORS.append(extract_marker_from_fast_depends)
+try:
+    import starlette.requests
+except ImportError:
+    starlette = None
 
 
-with suppress(ImportError):
-    from starlette.requests import Request as StarletteRequest
-
-    def is_starlette_request_cls(obj: Any) -> bool:
-        return isclass(obj) and _safe_is_subclass(obj, StarletteRequest)
-
-    INSPECT_EXCLUSION_FILTERS.append(is_starlette_request_cls)
+try:
+    import werkzeug.local
+except ImportError:
+    werkzeug = None
 
 
-with suppress(ImportError):
-    from werkzeug.local import LocalProxy as WerkzeugLocalProxy
+from . import providers
 
-    def is_werkzeug_local_proxy(obj: Any) -> bool:
-        return isinstance(obj, WerkzeugLocalProxy)
-
-    INSPECT_EXCLUSION_FILTERS.append(is_werkzeug_local_proxy)
-
-from . import providers  # noqa: E402
+if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 5):
+    warnings.warn(
+        "Dependency Injector will drop support of Python 3.5 after Jan 1st of 2022. "
+        "This does not mean that there will be any immediate breaking changes, "
+        "but tests will no longer be executed on Python 3.5, and bugs will not be addressed.",
+        category=DeprecationWarning,
+    )
 
 __all__ = (
     "wire",
@@ -128,15 +87,7 @@ __all__ = (
 
 T = TypeVar("T")
 F = TypeVar("F", bound=Callable[..., Any])
-
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from .containers import Container
-else:
-    Container = Any
-
-
-class DIWiringWarning(RuntimeWarning):
-    """Base class for all warnings raised by the wiring module."""
+Container = Any
 
 
 class PatchedRegistry:
@@ -148,9 +99,7 @@ class PatchedRegistry:
     def register_callable(self, patched: "PatchedCallable") -> None:
         self._callables[patched.patched] = patched
 
-    def get_callables_from_module(
-        self, module: ModuleType
-    ) -> Iterator[Callable[..., Any]]:
+    def get_callables_from_module(self, module: ModuleType) -> Iterator[Callable[..., Any]]:
         for patched_callable in self._callables.values():
             if not patched_callable.is_in_module(module):
                 continue
@@ -165,9 +114,7 @@ class PatchedRegistry:
     def register_attribute(self, patched: "PatchedAttribute") -> None:
         self._attributes.add(patched)
 
-    def get_attributes_from_module(
-        self, module: ModuleType
-    ) -> Iterator["PatchedAttribute"]:
+    def get_attributes_from_module(self, module: ModuleType) -> Iterator["PatchedAttribute"]:
         for attribute in self._attributes:
             if not attribute.is_in_module(module):
                 continue
@@ -192,11 +139,11 @@ class PatchedCallable:
     )
 
     def __init__(
-        self,
-        patched: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
-        original: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
-        reference_injections: Optional[Dict[Any, Any]] = None,
-        reference_closing: Optional[Dict[Any, Any]] = None,
+            self,
+            patched: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+            original: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+            reference_injections: Optional[Dict[Any, Any]] = None,
+            reference_closing: Optional[Dict[Any, Any]] = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.patched = patched
         self.original = original
@@ -267,21 +214,18 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         )
 
     def resolve_provider(
-        self,
-        provider: Union[providers.Provider, str],
-        modifier: Optional["Modifier"] = None,
+            self,
+            provider: Union[providers.Provider, str],
+            modifier: Optional["Modifier"] = None,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         if isinstance(provider, providers.Delegate):
             return self._resolve_delegate(provider)
-        elif isinstance(
-            provider,
-            (
-                providers.ProvidedInstance,
-                providers.AttributeGetter,
-                providers.ItemGetter,
-                providers.MethodCaller,
-            ),
-        ):
+        elif isinstance(provider, (
+            providers.ProvidedInstance,
+            providers.AttributeGetter,
+            providers.ItemGetter,
+            providers.MethodCaller,
+        )):
             return self._resolve_provided_instance(provider)
         elif isinstance(provider, providers.ConfigurationOption):
             return self._resolve_config_option(provider)
@@ -293,9 +237,9 @@ class ProvidersMap:
             return self._resolve_provider(provider)
 
     def _resolve_string_id(
-        self,
-        id: str,
-        modifier: Optional["Modifier"] = None,
+            self,
+            id: str,
+            modifier: Optional["Modifier"] = None,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         if id == self.CONTAINER_STRING_ID:
             return self._container.__self__
@@ -312,19 +256,16 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return provider
 
     def _resolve_provided_instance(
-        self,
-        original: providers.Provider,
+            self,
+            original: providers.Provider,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         modifiers = []
-        while isinstance(
-            original,
-            (
+        while isinstance(original, (
                 providers.ProvidedInstance,
                 providers.AttributeGetter,
                 providers.ItemGetter,
                 providers.MethodCaller,
-            ),
-        ):
+        )):
             modifiers.insert(0, original)
             original = original.provides
 
@@ -348,8 +289,8 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return new
 
     def _resolve_delegate(
-        self,
-        original: providers.Delegate,
+            self,
+            original: providers.Delegate,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         provider = self._resolve_provider(original.provides)
         if provider:
@@ -357,11 +298,11 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return provider
 
     def _resolve_config_option(
-        self,
-        original: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-        as_: Any = None,
+            self,
+            original: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+            as_: Any = None,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
-        original_root = original._get_root()
+        original_root = original.root
         new = self._resolve_provider(original_root)
         if new is None:
             return None
@@ -383,8 +324,8 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return new
 
     def _resolve_provider(
-        self,
-        original: providers.Provider,
+            self,
+            original: providers.Provider,
     ) -> Optional[providers.Provider]:
         try:
             return self._map[original]
@@ -393,9 +334,9 @@ class ProvidersMap:
 
     @classmethod
     def _create_providers_map(
-        cls,
-        current_container: Container,
-        original_container: Container,
+            cls,
+            current_container: Container,
+            original_container: Container,
     ) -> Dict[providers.Provider, providers.Provider]:
         current_providers = current_container.providers
         current_providers["__self__"] = current_container.__self__
@@ -408,9 +349,8 @@ class ProvidersMap:
             original_provider = original_providers[provider_name]
             providers_map[original_provider] = current_provider
 
-            if isinstance(current_provider, providers.Container) and isinstance(
-                original_provider, providers.Container
-            ):
+            if isinstance(current_provider, providers.Container) \
+                    and isinstance(original_provider, providers.Container):
                 subcontainer_map = cls._create_providers_map(
                     current_container=current_provider.container,
                     original_container=original_provider.container,
@@ -420,19 +360,35 @@ class ProvidersMap:
         return providers_map
 
 
-def is_excluded_from_inspect(obj: Any) -> bool:
-    for is_excluded in INSPECT_EXCLUSION_FILTERS:
-        if is_excluded(obj):
+class InspectFilter:
+
+    def is_excluded(self, instance: object) -> bool:
+        if self._is_werkzeug_local_proxy(instance):
             return True
-    return False
+        elif self._is_starlette_request_cls(instance):
+            return True
+        elif self._is_builtin(instance):
+            return True
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    def _is_werkzeug_local_proxy(self, instance: object) -> bool:
+        return werkzeug and isinstance(instance, werkzeug.local.LocalProxy)
+
+    def _is_starlette_request_cls(self, instance: object) -> bool:
+        return starlette \
+               and isinstance(instance, type) \
+               and _safe_is_subclass(instance, starlette.requests.Request)
+
+    def _is_builtin(self, instance: object) -> bool:
+        return inspect.isbuiltin(instance)
 
 
 def wire(  # noqa: C901
-    container: Container,
-    *,
-    modules: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
-    packages: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
-    keep_cache: bool = False,
+        container: Container,
+        *,
+        modules: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
+        packages: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Wire container providers with provided packages and modules."""
     modules = [*modules] if modules else []
@@ -444,8 +400,8 @@ def wire(  # noqa: C901
     providers_map = ProvidersMap(container)
 
     for module in modules:
-        for member_name, member in _get_members_and_annotated(module):
-            if is_excluded_from_inspect(member):
+        for member_name, member in inspect.getmembers(module):
+            if _inspect_filter.is_excluded(member):
                 continue
 
             if _is_marker(member):
@@ -455,32 +411,25 @@ def wire(  # noqa: C901
             elif inspect.isclass(member):
                 cls = member
                 try:
-                    cls_members = _get_members_and_annotated(cls)
+                    cls_members = inspect.getmembers(cls)
                 except Exception:  # noqa
                     # Hotfix, see: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/441
                     continue
                 else:
                     for cls_member_name, cls_member in cls_members:
                         if _is_marker(cls_member):
-                            _patch_attribute(
-                                cls, cls_member_name, cls_member, providers_map
-                            )
+                            _patch_attribute(cls, cls_member_name, cls_member, providers_map)
                         elif _is_method(cls_member):
-                            _patch_method(
-                                cls, cls_member_name, cls_member, providers_map
-                            )
+                            _patch_method(cls, cls_member_name, cls_member, providers_map)
 
         for patched in _patched_registry.get_callables_from_module(module):
             _bind_injections(patched, providers_map)
 
-    if not keep_cache:
-        clear_cache()
-
 
 def unwire(  # noqa: C901
-    *,
-    modules: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
-    packages: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
+        *,
+        modules: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
+        packages: Optional[Iterable[ModuleType]] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Wire provided packages and modules with previous wired providers."""
     modules = [*modules] if modules else []
@@ -494,9 +443,7 @@ def unwire(  # noqa: C901
             if inspect.isfunction(member):
                 _unpatch(module, name, member)
             elif inspect.isclass(member):
-                for method_name, method in inspect.getmembers(
-                    member, inspect.isfunction
-                ):
+                for method_name, method in inspect.getmembers(member, inspect.isfunction):
                     _unpatch(member, method_name, method)
 
         for patched in _patched_registry.get_callables_from_module(module):
@@ -510,20 +457,15 @@ def unwire(  # noqa: C901
 def inject(fn: F) -> F:
     """Decorate callable with injecting decorator."""
     reference_injections, reference_closing = _fetch_reference_injections(fn)
-
-    if not reference_injections:
-        warn("@inject is not required here", DIWiringWarning, stacklevel=2)
-        return fn
-
     patched = _get_patched(fn, reference_injections, reference_closing)
     return cast(F, patched)
 
 
 def _patch_fn(
-    module: ModuleType,
-    name: str,
-    fn: Callable[..., Any],
-    providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+        module: ModuleType,
+        name: str,
+        fn: Callable[..., Any],
+        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
 ) -> None:
     if not _is_patched(fn):
         reference_injections, reference_closing = _fetch_reference_injections(fn)
@@ -537,16 +479,14 @@ def _patch_fn(
 
 
 def _patch_method(
-    cls: Type,
-    name: str,
-    method: Callable[..., Any],
-    providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+        cls: Type,
+        name: str,
+        method: Callable[..., Any],
+        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
 ) -> None:
-    if (
-        hasattr(cls, "__dict__")
-        and name in cls.__dict__
-        and isinstance(cls.__dict__[name], (classmethod, staticmethod))
-    ):
+    if hasattr(cls, "__dict__") \
+            and name in cls.__dict__ \
+            and isinstance(cls.__dict__[name], (classmethod, staticmethod)):
         method = cls.__dict__[name]
         fn = method.__func__
     else:
@@ -560,10 +500,6 @@ def _patch_method(
 
     _bind_injections(fn, providers_map)
 
-    if fn is method:
-        # Hotfix, see: https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/884
-        return
-
     if isinstance(method, (classmethod, staticmethod)):
         fn = type(method)(fn)
 
@@ -571,15 +507,13 @@ def _patch_method(
 
 
 def _unpatch(
-    module: ModuleType,
-    name: str,
-    fn: Callable[..., Any],
+        module: ModuleType,
+        name: str,
+        fn: Callable[..., Any],
 ) -> None:
-    if (
-        hasattr(module, "__dict__")
-        and name in module.__dict__
-        and isinstance(module.__dict__[name], (classmethod, staticmethod))
-    ):
+    if hasattr(module, "__dict__") \
+            and name in module.__dict__ \
+            and isinstance(module.__dict__[name], (classmethod, staticmethod)):
         method = module.__dict__[name]
         fn = method.__func__
 
@@ -590,10 +524,10 @@ def _unpatch(
 
 
 def _patch_attribute(
-    member: Any,
-    name: str,
-    marker: "_Marker",
-    providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+        member: Any,
+        name: str,
+        marker: "_Marker",
+        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
 ) -> None:
     provider = providers_map.resolve_provider(marker.provider, marker.modifier)
     if provider is None:
@@ -614,37 +548,16 @@ def _unpatch_attribute(patched: PatchedAttribute) -> None:
     setattr(patched.member, patched.name, patched.marker)
 
 
-def _extract_marker(parameter: inspect.Parameter) -> Optional["_Marker"]:
-    if get_origin(parameter.annotation) is Annotated:
-        args = get_args(parameter.annotation)
-        if len(args) > 1:
-            marker = args[1]
-        else:
-            marker = None
-    else:
-        marker = parameter.default
-
-    for marker_extractor in MARKER_EXTRACTORS:
-        if _marker := marker_extractor(marker):
-            marker = _marker
-            break
-
-    if not isinstance(marker, _Marker):
-        return None
-
-    return marker
-
-
-@cache
 def _fetch_reference_injections(  # noqa: C901
-    fn: Callable[..., Any],
+        fn: Callable[..., Any],
 ) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]:
     # Hotfix, see:
     # - https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/362
     # - https://github.com/ets-labs/python-dependency-injector/issues/398
-    if GenericAlias and any(
-        (fn is GenericAlias, getattr(fn, "__func__", None) is GenericAlias)
-    ):
+    if GenericAlias and any((
+                fn is GenericAlias,
+                getattr(fn, "__func__", None) is GenericAlias
+            )):
         fn = fn.__init__
 
     try:
@@ -660,11 +573,18 @@ def _fetch_reference_injections(  # noqa: C901
     injections = {}
     closing = {}
     for parameter_name, parameter in signature.parameters.items():
-        marker = _extract_marker(parameter)
-
-        if marker is None:
+        if not isinstance(parameter.default, _Marker) \
+                and not _is_fastapi_depends(parameter.default):
             continue
 
+        marker = parameter.default
+
+        if _is_fastapi_depends(marker):
+            marker = marker.dependency
+
+            if not isinstance(marker, _Marker):
+                continue
+
         if isinstance(marker, Closing):
             marker = marker.provider
             closing[parameter_name] = marker
@@ -673,6 +593,22 @@ def _fetch_reference_injections(  # noqa: C901
     return injections, closing
 
 
+def _locate_dependent_closing_args(provider: providers.Provider) -> Dict[str, providers.Provider]:
+    if not hasattr(provider, "args"):
+        return {}
+
+    closing_deps = {}
+    for arg in provider.args:
+        if not isinstance(arg, providers.Provider) or not hasattr(arg, "args"):
+            continue
+
+        if not arg.args and isinstance(arg, providers.Resource):
+            return {str(id(arg)): arg}
+        else:
+            closing_deps += _locate_dependent_closing_args(arg)
+    return closing_deps
+
+
 def _bind_injections(fn: Callable[..., Any], providers_map: ProvidersMap) -> None:
     patched_callable = _patched_registry.get_callable(fn)
     if patched_callable is None:
@@ -694,9 +630,9 @@ def _bind_injections(fn: Callable[..., Any], providers_map: ProvidersMap) -> Non
 
         if injection in patched_callable.reference_closing:
             patched_callable.add_closing(injection, provider)
-
-            for resource in provider.traverse(types=[providers.Resource]):
-                patched_callable.add_closing(str(id(resource)), resource)
+            deps = _locate_dependent_closing_args(provider)
+            for key, dep in deps.items():
+                patched_callable.add_closing(key, dep)
 
 
 def _unbind_injections(fn: Callable[..., Any]) -> None:
@@ -711,8 +647,8 @@ def _fetch_modules(package):
     if not hasattr(package, "__path__") or not hasattr(package, "__name__"):
         return modules
     for module_info in pkgutil.walk_packages(
-        path=package.__path__,
-        prefix=package.__name__ + ".",
+            path=package.__path__,
+            prefix=package.__name__ + ".",
     ):
         module = importlib.import_module(module_info.name)
         modules.append(module)
@@ -728,9 +664,9 @@ def _is_marker(member) -> bool:
 
 
 def _get_patched(
-    fn: F,
-    reference_injections: Dict[Any, Any],
-    reference_closing: Dict[Any, Any],
+        fn: F,
+        reference_injections: Dict[Any, Any],
+        reference_closing: Dict[Any, Any],
 ) -> F:
     patched_object = PatchedCallable(
         original=fn,
@@ -740,8 +676,6 @@ def _get_patched(
 
     if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(fn):
         patched = _get_async_patched(fn, patched_object)
-    elif inspect.isasyncgenfunction(fn):
-        patched = _get_async_gen_patched(fn, patched_object)
     else:
         patched = _get_sync_patched(fn, patched_object)
 
@@ -751,16 +685,18 @@ def _get_patched(
     return patched
 
 
+def _is_fastapi_depends(param: Any) -> bool:
+    return fastapi and isinstance(param, fastapi.params.Depends)
+
+
 def _is_patched(fn) -> bool:
     return _patched_registry.has_callable(fn)
 
 
 def _is_declarative_container(instance: Any) -> bool:
-    return (
-        isinstance(instance, type)
-        and getattr(instance, "__IS_CONTAINER__", False) is True
-        and getattr(instance, "declarative_parent", None) is None
-    )
+    return (isinstance(instance, type)
+            and getattr(instance, "__IS_CONTAINER__", False) is True
+            and getattr(instance, "declarative_parent", None) is None)
 
 
 def _safe_is_subclass(instance: Any, cls: Type) -> bool:
@@ -773,10 +709,11 @@ def _safe_is_subclass(instance: Any, cls: Type) -> bool:
 class Modifier:
 
     def modify(
-        self,
-        provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
-    ) -> providers.Provider: ...
+            self,
+            provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+    ) -> providers.Provider:
+        ...
 
 
 class TypeModifier(Modifier):
@@ -785,9 +722,9 @@ class TypeModifier(Modifier):
         self.type_ = type_
 
     def modify(
-        self,
-        provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+            self,
+            provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
     ) -> providers.Provider:
         return provider.as_(self.type_)
 
@@ -812,22 +749,22 @@ class RequiredModifier(Modifier):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.type_modifier = None
 
-    def as_int(self) -> Self:
+    def as_int(self) -> "RequiredModifier":
         self.type_modifier = TypeModifier(int)
         return self
 
-    def as_float(self) -> Self:
+    def as_float(self) -> "RequiredModifier":
         self.type_modifier = TypeModifier(float)
         return self
 
-    def as_(self, type_: Type) -> Self:
+    def as_(self, type_: Type) -> "RequiredModifier":
         self.type_modifier = TypeModifier(type_)
         return self
 
     def modify(
-        self,
-        provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+            self,
+            provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
     ) -> providers.Provider:
         provider = provider.required()
         if self.type_modifier:
@@ -846,9 +783,9 @@ class InvariantModifier(Modifier):
         self.id = id
 
     def modify(
-        self,
-        provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
-        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+            self,
+            provider: providers.ConfigurationOption,
+            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
     ) -> providers.Provider:
         invariant_segment = providers_map.resolve_provider(self.id)
         return provider[invariant_segment]
@@ -868,22 +805,22 @@ class ProvidedInstance(Modifier):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.segments = []
 
-    def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Self:
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
         self.segments.append((self.TYPE_ATTRIBUTE, item))
         return self
 
-    def __getitem__(self, item) -> Self:
+    def __getitem__(self, item):
         self.segments.append((self.TYPE_ITEM, item))
         return self
 
-    def call(self) -> Self:
+    def call(self):
         self.segments.append((self.TYPE_CALL, None))
         return self
 
     def modify(
-        self,
-        provider: providers.Provider,
-        providers_map: ProvidersMap,
+            self,
+            provider: providers.Provider,
+            providers_map: ProvidersMap,
     ) -> providers.Provider:
         provider = provider.provided
         for type_, value in self.segments:
@@ -901,56 +838,47 @@ def provided() -> ProvidedInstance:
     return ProvidedInstance()
 
 
-MarkerItem = Union[
-    str,
-    providers.Provider[Any],
-    Tuple[str, TypeModifier],
-    Type[Container],
-    "_Marker",
-]
+class ClassGetItemMeta(GenericMeta):
+    def __getitem__(cls, item):
+        # Spike for Python 3.6
+        if isinstance(item, tuple):
+            return cls(*item)
+        return cls(item)
 
 
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
+class _Marker(Generic[T], metaclass=ClassGetItemMeta):
 
-    class _Marker(Protocol):
-        __IS_MARKER__: bool
+    __IS_MARKER__ = True
 
-        def __call__(self) -> Self: ...
-        def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Self: ...
-        def __getitem__(self, item: Any) -> Any: ...
-
-    Provide: _Marker
-    Provider: _Marker
-    Closing: _Marker
-else:
-
-    class _Marker:
-
-        __IS_MARKER__ = True
-
-        def __init__(
+    def __init__(
             self,
             provider: Union[providers.Provider, Container, str],
             modifier: Optional[Modifier] = None,
-        ) -> None:
-            if _is_declarative_container(provider):
-                provider = provider.__self__
-            self.provider = provider
-            self.modifier = modifier
+    ) -> None:
+        if _is_declarative_container(provider):
+            provider = provider.__self__
+        self.provider = provider
+        self.modifier = modifier
 
-        def __class_getitem__(cls, item: MarkerItem) -> Self:
-            if isinstance(item, tuple):
-                return cls(*item)
-            return cls(item)
+    def __class_getitem__(cls, item) -> T:
+        if isinstance(item, tuple):
+            return cls(*item)
+        return cls(item)
 
-        def __call__(self) -> Self:
-            return self
+    def __call__(self) -> T:
+        return self
 
-    class Provide(_Marker): ...
 
-    class Provider(_Marker): ...
+class Provide(_Marker):
+    ...
 
-    class Closing(_Marker): ...
+
+class Provider(_Marker):
+    ...
+
+
+class Closing(_Marker):
+    ...
 
 
 class AutoLoader:
@@ -1000,7 +928,8 @@ class AutoLoader:
                 super().exec_module(module)
                 loader.wire_module(module)
 
-        class ExtensionFileLoader(importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader): ...
+        class ExtensionFileLoader(importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader):
+            ...
 
         loader_details = [
             (SourcelessFileLoader, importlib.machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES),
@@ -1049,71 +978,24 @@ def is_loader_installed() -> bool:
 
 
 _patched_registry = PatchedRegistry()
+_inspect_filter = InspectFilter()
 _loader = AutoLoader()
 
 # Optimizations
-from ._cwiring import DependencyResolver  # noqa: E402
+from ._cwiring import _get_sync_patched  # noqa
+from ._cwiring import _async_inject  # noqa
 
 
 # Wiring uses the following Python wrapper because there is
 # no possibility to compile a first-type citizen coroutine in Cython.
 def _get_async_patched(fn: F, patched: PatchedCallable) -> F:
     @functools.wraps(fn)
-    async def _patched(*args: Any, **raw_kwargs: Any) -> Any:
-        resolver = DependencyResolver(raw_kwargs, patched.injections, patched.closing)
-
-        async with resolver as kwargs:
-            return await fn(*args, **kwargs)
-
-    return cast(F, _patched)
-
-
-def _get_async_gen_patched(fn: F, patched: PatchedCallable) -> F:
-    @functools.wraps(fn)
-    async def _patched(*args: Any, **raw_kwargs: Any) -> AsyncIterator[Any]:
-        resolver = DependencyResolver(raw_kwargs, patched.injections, patched.closing)
-
-        async with resolver as kwargs:
-            async for obj in fn(*args, **kwargs):
-                yield obj
-
-    return cast(F, _patched)
-
-
-def _get_sync_patched(fn: F, patched: PatchedCallable) -> F:
-    @functools.wraps(fn)
-    def _patched(*args: Any, **raw_kwargs: Any) -> Any:
-        resolver = DependencyResolver(raw_kwargs, patched.injections, patched.closing)
-
-        with resolver as kwargs:
-            return fn(*args, **kwargs)
-
-    return cast(F, _patched)
-
-
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
-
-    def _get_annotations(obj: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        return inspect.get_annotations(obj)
-
-else:
-
-    def _get_annotations(obj: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        return getattr(obj, "__annotations__", {})
-
-
-def _get_members_and_annotated(obj: Any) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, Any]]:
-    members = inspect.getmembers(obj)
-    annotations = _get_annotations(obj)
-    for annotation_name, annotation in annotations.items():
-        if get_origin(annotation) is Annotated:
-            args = get_args(annotation)
-            if len(args) > 1:
-                member = args[1]
-                members.append((annotation_name, member))
-    return members
-
-
-def clear_cache() -> None:
-    """Clear all caches used by :func:`wire`."""
-    _fetch_reference_injections.cache_clear()
+    async def _patched(*args, **kwargs):
+        return await _async_inject(
+            fn,
+            args,
+            kwargs,
+            patched.injections,
+            patched.closing,
+        )
+    return _patched

tests/.configs/pytest-py27.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[pytest]
+testpaths = tests/unit/
+python_files = test_*_py2_py3.py
+asyncio_mode = auto
+filterwarnings =
+    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
+    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.flask\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
+    ignore:Please use \`.*?\` from the \`scipy.*?\`(.*?)namespace is deprecated\.:DeprecationWarning
+    ignore:The \`scipy(.*?)\` namespace is deprecated(.*):DeprecationWarning
+    ignore:ssl\.PROTOCOL_TLS is deprecated:DeprecationWarning:botocore.*

tests/.configs/pytest-py35.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[pytest]
+testpaths = tests/unit/
+python_files = test_*_py3.py
+asyncio_mode = auto
+filterwarnings =
+    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
+    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.flask\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
+    ignore:Please use \`.*?\` from the \`scipy.*?\`(.*?)namespace is deprecated\.:DeprecationWarning
+    ignore:The \`scipy(.*?)\` namespace is deprecated(.*):DeprecationWarning
+    ignore:ssl\.PROTOCOL_TLS is deprecated:DeprecationWarning:botocore.*

tests/.configs/pytest.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[pytest]
+testpaths = tests/unit/
+python_files = test_*_py3*.py
+asyncio_mode = auto
+markers =
+    pydantic: Tests with Pydantic as a dependency
+filterwarnings =
+    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.aiohttp\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
+    ignore:Module \"dependency_injector.ext.flask\" is deprecated since version 4\.0\.0:DeprecationWarning
+    ignore:Please use \`.*?\` from the \`scipy.*?\`(.*?)namespace is deprecated\.:DeprecationWarning
+    ignore:Please import \`.*?\` from the \`scipy(.*?)\` namespace(.*):DeprecationWarning
+    ignore:\`scipy(.*?)\` is deprecated(.*):DeprecationWarning
+    ignore:ssl\.PROTOCOL_TLS is deprecated:DeprecationWarning:botocore.*

tests/typing/aggregate.py

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 
-class Animal: ...
+class Animal:
+    ...
 
 
-class Cat(Animal): ...
+class Cat(Animal):
+    ...
 
 
 # Test 1: to check Aggregate provider
@@ -18,19 +20,13 @@ val1: str = provider1("a")
 
 provider1_set_non_string_keys: providers.Aggregate[str] = providers.Aggregate()
 provider1_set_non_string_keys.set_providers({Cat: providers.Object("str")})
-provider_set_non_string_1: providers.Provider[str] = (
-    provider1_set_non_string_keys.providers[Cat]
-)
+provider_set_non_string_1: providers.Provider[str] = provider1_set_non_string_keys.providers[Cat]
 
 provider1_new_non_string_keys: providers.Aggregate[str] = providers.Aggregate(
     {Cat: providers.Object("str")},
 )
-factory_new_non_string_1: providers.Provider[str] = (
-    provider1_new_non_string_keys.providers[Cat]
-)
+factory_new_non_string_1: providers.Provider[str] = provider1_new_non_string_keys.providers[Cat]
 
 provider1_no_explicit_typing = providers.Aggregate(a=providers.Object("str"))
-provider1_no_explicit_typing_factory: providers.Provider[str] = (
-    provider1_no_explicit_typing.providers["a"]
-)
+provider1_no_explicit_typing_factory: providers.Provider[str] = provider1_no_explicit_typing.providers["a"]
 provider1_no_explicit_typing_object: str = provider1_no_explicit_typing("a")

tests/typing/callable.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Type
+from typing import Callable, Optional, Tuple, Any, Dict, Type
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 
-class Animal: ...
+class Animal:
+    ...
 
 
 class Cat(Animal):
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ kwargs4: Dict[str, Any] = provider4.kwargs
 
 # Test 5: to check the provided instance interface
 provider5 = providers.Callable(Animal)
-provided5: Animal = provider5.provided()
+provided5: providers.ProvidedInstance = provider5.provided
 attr_getter5: providers.AttributeGetter = provider5.provided.attr
 item_getter5: providers.ItemGetter = provider5.provided["item"]
 method_caller: providers.MethodCaller = provider5.provided.method.call(123, arg=324)
@@ -52,13 +53,10 @@ provider8 = providers.CallableDelegate(providers.Callable(lambda: None))
 
 # Test 9: to check the return type with await
 provider9 = providers.Callable(Cat)
-
-
 async def _async9() -> None:
     animal1: Animal = await provider9(1, 2, 3, b="1", c=2, e=0.0)  # type: ignore
     animal2: Animal = await provider9.async_(1, 2, 3, b="1", c=2, e=0.0)
 
-
 # Test 10: to check the .provides
 provider10 = providers.Callable(Cat)
 provides10: Optional[Callable[..., Cat]] = provider10.provides
@@ -70,5 +68,5 @@ provides11: Optional[Callable[..., Animal]] = provider11.provides
 assert provides11 is Cat
 
 # Test 12: to check string imports
-provider12: providers.Callable[Dict[Any, Any]] = providers.Callable("builtins.dict")
+provider12: providers.Callable[dict] = providers.Callable("builtins.dict")
 provider12.set_provides("builtins.dict")

tests/typing/configuration.py

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict
-
-from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings as PydanticSettings
+from typing import Any
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
+from pydantic import BaseSettings as PydanticSettings
+
 
 # Test 1: to check the getattr
 config1: providers.Configuration = providers.Configuration()
-provider1: providers.Provider[Dict[str, Any]] = providers.Factory(dict, a=config1.a)
+provider1: providers.Provider[dict] = providers.Factory(dict, a=config1.a)
 
 # Test 2: to check the from_*() method
 config2 = providers.Configuration()
@@ -68,9 +68,7 @@ config5_pydantic = providers.Configuration(
     pydantic_settings=[PydanticSettings()],
 )
 config5_pydantic.set_pydantic_settings([PydanticSettings()])
-config5_pydantic_settings: list[PydanticSettings] = (
-    config5_pydantic.get_pydantic_settings()
-)
+config5_pydantic_settings: list[PydanticSettings] = config5_pydantic.get_pydantic_settings()
 
 # Test 6: to check init arguments
 config6 = providers.Configuration(

tests/typing/container.py

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-from typing import Any
-
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 
-class Container: ...
+class Container:
+    ...
 
 
 # Test 1: to check the return type
@@ -12,4 +11,4 @@ var1: Container = provider1()
 
 # Test 2: to check the getattr
 provider2 = providers.Container(Container)
-attr: providers.Provider[Any] = provider2.attr
+attr: providers.Provider = provider2.attr

tests/typing/coroutine.py

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-from typing import Awaitable, Coroutine
+from typing import Coroutine
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 
-async def _coro() -> None: ...
-
+async def _coro() -> None:
+    ...
 
 # Test 1: to check the return type
 provider1 = providers.Coroutine(_coro)
-var1: Awaitable[None] = provider1()
+var1: Coroutine = provider1()
 
 # Test 2: to check string imports
 provider2: providers.Coroutine[None] = providers.Coroutine("_coro")

tests/typing/declarative_container.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from typing import Dict
 
 from dependency_injector import containers, providers
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class Container1(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
 
 container1 = Container1()
 container1_type: containers.Container = Container1()
-provider1: providers.Provider[int] = container1.provider
+provider1: providers.Provider = container1.provider
 val1: int = container1.provider(3)
 
 
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ class Container21(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
 
 
 @containers.override(Container21)
-class Container22(containers.DeclarativeContainer): ...
+class Container22(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+    ...
 
 
 # Test 3: to check @copy decorator
@@ -29,14 +30,14 @@ class Container31(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
 
 
 @containers.copy(Container31)
-class Container32(containers.DeclarativeContainer): ...
+class Container32(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
+    ...
 
 
 # Test 4: to override()
 class Container4(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
     provider = providers.Factory(int)
 
-
 container4 = Container4()
 container4.override(Container4())
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ class Container5(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
     provider = providers.Factory(int)
 
 
-dependencies: Dict[str, providers.Provider[Any]] = Container5.dependencies
+dependencies: Dict[str, providers.Provider] = Container5.dependencies
 
 
 # Test 6: to check base class
@@ -61,7 +62,6 @@ container6: containers.Container = Container6()
 class Container7(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
     provider = providers.Factory(str)
 
-
 container7 = Container7()
 container7.override_providers(provider="new_value")
 with container7.override_providers(a=providers.Provider()):

tests/typing/delegate.py

@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
-from typing import Any, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 # Test 1: to check the return type
 provider1 = providers.Delegate(providers.Provider())
-var1: providers.Provider[Any] = provider1()
+var1: providers.Provider = provider1()
 
 # Test 2: to check the return type with await
 provider2 = providers.Delegate(providers.Provider())
-
-
 async def _async2() -> None:
-    var1: providers.Provider[Any] = await provider2()  # type: ignore
-    var2: providers.Provider[Any] = await provider2.async_()
-
+    var1: providers.Provider = await provider2()  # type: ignore
+    var2: providers.Provider = await provider2.async_()
 
 # Test 3: to check class type from provider
 provider3 = providers.Delegate(providers.Provider())
-provided_provides: Optional[providers.Provider[Any]] = provider3.provides
+provided_provides: Optional[providers.Provider] = provider3.provides

tests/typing/dependencies_container.py

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-from typing import Any
-
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
+
 # Test 1: to check the getattr type
 provider1 = providers.DependenciesContainer(
     a=providers.Provider(),
     b=providers.Provider(),
 )
-a1: providers.Provider[Any] = provider1.a
-b1: providers.Provider[Any] = provider1.b
+a1: providers.Provider = provider1.a
+b1: providers.Provider = provider1.b
 c1: providers.ProvidedInstance = provider1.c.provided

tests/typing/dependency.py

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-from typing import Any, Type
+from typing import Type
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
 
-class Animal: ...
+class Animal:
+    ...
 
 
 class Cat(Animal):
 
-    def __init__(self, *a: Any, **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, *_, **__): ...
 
 
 # Test 1: to check the return type
@@ -22,8 +23,6 @@ var2: Type[Animal] = provider2.instance_of
 
 # Test 3: to check the return type with await
 provider3 = providers.Dependency(instance_of=Animal)
-
-
 async def _async3() -> None:
     var1: Animal = await provider3()  # type: ignore
     var2: Animal = await provider3.async_()

tests/typing/dict.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from typing import Any, Dict
 
 from dependency_injector import providers
 
+
 # Test 1: to check the return type (class)
 provider1 = providers.Dict(
     a1=providers.Factory(object),
@@ -16,9 +17,7 @@ var2: Dict[Any, Any] = provider2()
 
 
 # Test 3: to check init with non-string keys
-provider3 = providers.Dict(
-    {object(): providers.Factory(object)}, a2=providers.Factory(object)
-)
+provider3 = providers.Dict({object(): providers.Factory(object)}, a2=providers.Factory(object))
 var3: Dict[Any, Any] = provider3()
 
 
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ provider5 = providers.Dict(
     a1=providers.Factory(object),
     a2=providers.Factory(object),
 )
-provided5: dict[Any, Any] = provider5.provided()
+provided5: providers.ProvidedInstance = provider5.provided
 
 
 # Test 6: to check the return type with await
@@ -43,8 +42,6 @@ provider6 = providers.Dict(
     a1=providers.Factory(object),
     a2=providers.Factory(object),
 )
-
-
 async def _async3() -> None:
     var1: Dict[Any, Any] = await provider6()  # type: ignore
     var2: Dict[Any, Any] = await provider6.async_()