"""Concept example of `Dependency Injector`.""" import sqlite3 from dependency_injector import catalogs from dependency_injector import providers from dependency_injector import injections class UsersService(object): """Users service, that has dependency on database.""" def __init__(self, db): """Initializer.""" self.db = db class AuthService(object): """Auth service, that has dependencies on users service and database.""" def __init__(self, db, users_service): """Initializer.""" self.db = db self.users_service = users_service class Services(catalogs.DeclarativeCatalog): """Catalog of service providers.""" database = providers.Singleton(sqlite3.connect, ':memory:') """:type: providers.Provider -> sqlite3.Connection""" users = providers.Factory(UsersService, db=database) """:type: providers.Provider -> UsersService""" auth = providers.Factory(AuthService, db=database, users_service=users) """:type: providers.Provider -> AuthService""" # Retrieving catalog providers: users_service = Services.users() auth_service = Services.auth() # Making some asserts: assert users_service.db is auth_service.db is Services.database() assert isinstance(auth_service.users_service, UsersService) assert users_service is not Services.users() assert auth_service is not Services.auth() # Making some "inline" injections: @injections.inject(users_service=Services.users) @injections.inject(auth_service=Services.auth) @injections.inject(database=Services.database) def example(users_service, auth_service, database): """Example callback.""" assert users_service.db is auth_service.db assert auth_service.db is database assert database is Services.database() # Making a call of decorated callback: example()