python-dependency-injector/docs/providers/singleton.rst

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Singleton providers
-------------------
.. currentmodule:: dependency_injector.providers
:py:class:`Singleton` provider creates new instance of specified class on
first call and returns same instance on every next call.
Example:
.. image:: /images/providers/singleton.png
:width: 80%
:align: center
.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/singleton.py
:language: python
:linenos:
Singleton providers resetting
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Created and memorized by :py:class:`Singleton` instance can be reset. Reset of
:py:class:`Singleton`'s memorized instance is done by clearing reference to
it. Further lifecycle of memorized instance is out of :py:class:`Singleton`
provider's control and dependes on garbage collection strategy.
Example:
.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/singleton_reseting.py
:language: python
:linenos:
Singleton providers and injections
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:py:class:`Singleton` provider extends :py:class:`Factory` provider, so, all
of the rules about injections are the same, as for :py:class:`Factory`
provider.
.. note::
Due that :py:class:`Singleton` provider creates specified class instance
only on the first call, all injections are done once, during the first
call, also. Every next call, while instance has been already created
and memorized, no injections are done, :py:class:`Singleton` provider just
returns memorized earlier instance.
This may cause some problems, for example, in case of trying to bind
:py:class:`Factory` provider with :py:class:`Singleton` provider (provided
by dependent :py:class:`Factory` instance will be injected only once,
during the first call). Be aware that such behaviour was made with opened
eyes and is not a bug.
By the way, in such case, :py:class:`Delegate` or
:py:class:`DelegatedSingleton` provider can be useful
. It makes possible to inject providers *as is*. Please check out
`Singleton providers delegation`_ section.
Singleton providers delegation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:py:class:`Singleton` provider could be delegated to any other provider via
any kind of injection.
Delegation of :py:class:`Singleton` providers is the same as
:py:class:`Factory` providers delegation, please follow
:ref:`factory_providers_delegation` section for examples (with exception
about using :py:class:`DelegatedSingleton` instead of
:py:class:`DelegatedFactory`).
Singleton providers specialization
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:py:class:`Singleton` provider could be specialized for any kind of needs via
declaring its subclasses.
Specialization of :py:class:`Singleton` providers is the same as
:py:class:`Factory` providers specialization, please follow
:ref:`factory_providers_specialization` section for examples.
Singleton providers and multi-threading
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:py:class:`Singleton` provider is thread-safe and could be used in
multi-threading applications without any negative impact. Race condition on
singleton's initialization is escaped by using a global reentrant mutex -
:py:obj:`dependency_injector.utils.GLOBAL_LOCK`.
Also there could be a need to use thread-scoped singletons and there is a
special provider for such case - :py:class:`ThreadLocalSingleton`.
:py:class:`ThreadLocalSingleton` provider creates instance once for each
thread and returns it on every call.
Example:
.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/providers/singleton_thread_locals.py
:language: python
:linenos: