spaCy/website/usage/_spacy-101/_word-vectors.jade

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2017-05-24 00:16:31 +03:00
//- 💫 DOCS > USAGE > SPACY 101 > WORD VECTORS
p
| Similarity is determined by comparing #[strong word vectors] or "word
| embeddings", multi-dimensional meaning representations of a word. Word
| vectors can be generated using an algorithm like
| #[+a("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word2vec") word2vec] and usually
| look like this:
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+code("banana.vector", false, false, 250).
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-1.19659996e+00, -4.71559986e-02, 5.31750023e-01], dtype=float32)
+infobox("Important note", "⚠️")
| To make them compact and fast, spaCy's small #[+a("/models") models]
| (all packages that end in #[code sm]) #[strong don't ship with word vectors], and
| only include context-sensitive #[strong tensors]. This means you can
| still use the #[code similarity()] methods to compare documents, spans
| and tokens but the result won't be as good, and individual tokens won't
| have any vectors assigned. So in order to use #[em real] word vectors,
| you need to download a larger model:
+code-wrapper
+code-new(false, "bash", "$") python -m spacy download en_core_web_lg
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p
| Models that come with built-in word vectors make them available as the
| #[+api("token#vector") #[code Token.vector]] attribute.
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| #[+api("doc#vector") #[code Doc.vector]] and
| #[+api("span#vector") #[code Span.vector]] will default to an average
| of their token vectors. You can also check if a token has a vector
| assigned, and get the L2 norm, which can be used to normalise
| vectors.
💫 Interactive code examples, spaCy Universe and various docs improvements (#2274) * Integrate Python kernel via Binder * Add live model test for languages with examples * Update docs and code examples * Adjust margin (if not bootstrapped) * Add binder version to global config * Update terminal and executable code mixins * Pass attributes through infobox and section * Hide v-cloak * Fix example * Take out model comparison for now * Add meta text for compat * Remove chart.js dependency * Tidy up and simplify JS and port big components over to Vue * Remove chartjs example * Add Twitter icon * Add purple stylesheet option * Add utility for hand cursor (special cases only) * Add transition classes * Add small option for section * Add thumb object for small round thumbnail images * Allow unset code block language via "none" value (workaround to still allow unset language to default to DEFAULT_SYNTAX) * Pass through attributes * Add syntax highlighting definitions for Julia, R and Docker * Add website icon * Remove user survey from navigation * Don't hide GitHub icon on small screens * Make top navigation scrollable on small screens * Remove old resources page and references to it * Add Universe * Add helper functions for better page URL and title * Update site description * Increment versions * Update preview images * Update mentions of resources * Fix image * Fix social images * Fix problem with cover sizing and floats * Add divider and move badges into heading * Add docstrings * Reference converting section * Add section on converting word vectors * Move converting section to custom section and fix formatting * Remove old fastText example * Move extensions content to own section Keep weird ID to not break permalinks for now (we don't want to rewrite URLs if not absolutely necessary) * Use better component example and add factories section * Add note on larger model * Use better example for non-vector * Remove similarity in context section Only works via small models with tensors so has always been kind of confusing * Add note on init-model command * Fix lightning tour examples and make excutable if possible * Add spacy train CLI section to train * Fix formatting and add video * Fix formatting * Fix textcat example description (resolves #2246) * Add dummy file to try resolve conflict * Delete dummy file * Tidy up [ci skip] * Ensure sufficient height of loading container * Add loading animation to universe * Update Thebelab build and use better startup message * Fix asset versioning * Fix typo [ci skip] * Add note on project idea label
2018-04-29 03:06:46 +03:00
+code-exec.
import spacy
nlp = spacy.load('en_core_web_md')
tokens = nlp(u'dog cat banana afskfsd')
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for token in tokens:
print(token.text, token.has_vector, token.vector_norm, token.is_oov)
+aside
| #[strong Text]: The original token text.#[br]
| #[strong has vector]: Does the token have a vector representation?#[br]
| #[strong Vector norm]: The L2 norm of the token's vector (the square root
| of the sum of the values squared)#[br]
💫 Interactive code examples, spaCy Universe and various docs improvements (#2274) * Integrate Python kernel via Binder * Add live model test for languages with examples * Update docs and code examples * Adjust margin (if not bootstrapped) * Add binder version to global config * Update terminal and executable code mixins * Pass attributes through infobox and section * Hide v-cloak * Fix example * Take out model comparison for now * Add meta text for compat * Remove chart.js dependency * Tidy up and simplify JS and port big components over to Vue * Remove chartjs example * Add Twitter icon * Add purple stylesheet option * Add utility for hand cursor (special cases only) * Add transition classes * Add small option for section * Add thumb object for small round thumbnail images * Allow unset code block language via "none" value (workaround to still allow unset language to default to DEFAULT_SYNTAX) * Pass through attributes * Add syntax highlighting definitions for Julia, R and Docker * Add website icon * Remove user survey from navigation * Don't hide GitHub icon on small screens * Make top navigation scrollable on small screens * Remove old resources page and references to it * Add Universe * Add helper functions for better page URL and title * Update site description * Increment versions * Update preview images * Update mentions of resources * Fix image * Fix social images * Fix problem with cover sizing and floats * Add divider and move badges into heading * Add docstrings * Reference converting section * Add section on converting word vectors * Move converting section to custom section and fix formatting * Remove old fastText example * Move extensions content to own section Keep weird ID to not break permalinks for now (we don't want to rewrite URLs if not absolutely necessary) * Use better component example and add factories section * Add note on larger model * Use better example for non-vector * Remove similarity in context section Only works via small models with tensors so has always been kind of confusing * Add note on init-model command * Fix lightning tour examples and make excutable if possible * Add spacy train CLI section to train * Fix formatting and add video * Fix formatting * Fix textcat example description (resolves #2246) * Add dummy file to try resolve conflict * Delete dummy file * Tidy up [ci skip] * Ensure sufficient height of loading container * Add loading animation to universe * Update Thebelab build and use better startup message * Fix asset versioning * Fix typo [ci skip] * Add note on project idea label
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| #[strong OOV]: Out-of-vocabulary
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p
| The words "dog", "cat" and "banana" are all pretty common in English, so
| they're part of the model's vocabulary, and come with a vector. The word
💫 Interactive code examples, spaCy Universe and various docs improvements (#2274) * Integrate Python kernel via Binder * Add live model test for languages with examples * Update docs and code examples * Adjust margin (if not bootstrapped) * Add binder version to global config * Update terminal and executable code mixins * Pass attributes through infobox and section * Hide v-cloak * Fix example * Take out model comparison for now * Add meta text for compat * Remove chart.js dependency * Tidy up and simplify JS and port big components over to Vue * Remove chartjs example * Add Twitter icon * Add purple stylesheet option * Add utility for hand cursor (special cases only) * Add transition classes * Add small option for section * Add thumb object for small round thumbnail images * Allow unset code block language via "none" value (workaround to still allow unset language to default to DEFAULT_SYNTAX) * Pass through attributes * Add syntax highlighting definitions for Julia, R and Docker * Add website icon * Remove user survey from navigation * Don't hide GitHub icon on small screens * Make top navigation scrollable on small screens * Remove old resources page and references to it * Add Universe * Add helper functions for better page URL and title * Update site description * Increment versions * Update preview images * Update mentions of resources * Fix image * Fix social images * Fix problem with cover sizing and floats * Add divider and move badges into heading * Add docstrings * Reference converting section * Add section on converting word vectors * Move converting section to custom section and fix formatting * Remove old fastText example * Move extensions content to own section Keep weird ID to not break permalinks for now (we don't want to rewrite URLs if not absolutely necessary) * Use better component example and add factories section * Add note on larger model * Use better example for non-vector * Remove similarity in context section Only works via small models with tensors so has always been kind of confusing * Add note on init-model command * Fix lightning tour examples and make excutable if possible * Add spacy train CLI section to train * Fix formatting and add video * Fix formatting * Fix textcat example description (resolves #2246) * Add dummy file to try resolve conflict * Delete dummy file * Tidy up [ci skip] * Ensure sufficient height of loading container * Add loading animation to universe * Update Thebelab build and use better startup message * Fix asset versioning * Fix typo [ci skip] * Add note on project idea label
2018-04-29 03:06:46 +03:00
| "afskfsd" on the other hand is a lot less common and out-of-vocabulary
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| so its vector representation consists of 300 dimensions of #[code 0],
| which means it's practically nonexistent. If your application will
| benefit from a #[strong large vocabulary] with more vectors, you should
| consider using one of the larger models or loading in a full vector
| package, for example,
| #[+a("/models/en#en_vectors_web_lg") #[code en_vectors_web_lg]], which
| includes over #[strong 1 million unique vectors].