spaCy/spacy/lexeme.pyx

# cython: embedsignature=True
# coding: utf8
from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function

# Compiler crashes on memory view coercion without this. Should report bug.
from cython.view cimport array as cvarray
from libc.string cimport memset
cimport numpy as np
np.import_array()

import numpy
import warnings
from thinc.neural.util import get_array_module

from libc.stdint cimport UINT64_MAX
from .typedefs cimport attr_t, flags_t
from .attrs cimport IS_ALPHA, IS_ASCII, IS_DIGIT, IS_LOWER, IS_PUNCT, IS_SPACE
from .attrs cimport IS_TITLE, IS_UPPER, LIKE_URL, LIKE_NUM, LIKE_EMAIL, IS_STOP
from .attrs cimport IS_BRACKET, IS_QUOTE, IS_LEFT_PUNCT, IS_RIGHT_PUNCT
from .attrs cimport IS_CURRENCY, IS_OOV, PROB

from .attrs import intify_attrs
from .errors import Errors, Warnings


OOV_RANK = UINT64_MAX
memset(&EMPTY_LEXEME, 0, sizeof(LexemeC))
EMPTY_LEXEME.id = OOV_RANK


cdef class Lexeme:
    """An entry in the vocabulary. A `Lexeme` has no string context – it's a
    word-type, as opposed to a word token.  It therefore has no part-of-speech
    tag, dependency parse, or lemma (lemmatization depends on the
    part-of-speech tag).

    DOCS: https://spacy.io/api/lexeme
    """
    def __init__(self, Vocab vocab, attr_t orth):
        """Create a Lexeme object.

        vocab (Vocab): The parent vocabulary
        orth (uint64): The orth id of the lexeme.
        Returns (Lexeme): The newly constructd object.
        """
        self.vocab = vocab
        self.orth = orth
        self.c = <LexemeC*><void*>vocab.get_by_orth(vocab.mem, orth)
        if self.c.orth != orth:
            raise ValueError(Errors.E071.format(orth=orth, vocab_orth=self.c.orth))

    def __richcmp__(self, other, int op):
        if other is None:
            if op == 0 or op == 1 or op == 2:
                return False
            else:
                return True
        if isinstance(other, Lexeme):
            a = self.orth
            b = other.orth
        elif isinstance(other, long):
            a = self.orth
            b = other
        elif isinstance(other, str):
            a = self.orth_
            b = other
        else:
            a = 0
            b = 1
        if op == 2:  # ==
            return a == b
        elif op == 3:  # !=
            return a != b
        elif op == 0:  # <
            return a < b
        elif op == 1:  # <=
            return a <= b
        elif op == 4:  # >
            return a > b
        elif op == 5:  # >=
            return a >= b
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError(op)

    def __hash__(self):
        return self.c.orth

    def set_attrs(self, **attrs):
        cdef attr_id_t attr
        attrs = intify_attrs(attrs)
        for attr, value in attrs.items():
            if attr == PROB:
                self.c.prob = value
            elif attr == CLUSTER:
                self.c.cluster = int(value)
            elif isinstance(value, int) or isinstance(value, long):
                Lexeme.set_struct_attr(self.c, attr, value)
            else:
                Lexeme.set_struct_attr(self.c, attr, self.vocab.strings.add(value))

    def set_flag(self, attr_id_t flag_id, bint value):
        """Change the value of a boolean flag.

        flag_id (int): The attribute ID of the flag to set.
        value (bool): The new value of the flag.
        """
        Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, flag_id, value)

    def check_flag(self, attr_id_t flag_id):
        """Check the value of a boolean flag.

        flag_id (int): The attribute ID of the flag to query.
        RETURNS (bool): The value of the flag.
        """
        return True if Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, flag_id) else False

    def similarity(self, other):
        """Compute a semantic similarity estimate. Defaults to cosine over
        vectors.

        other (object): The object to compare with. By default, accepts `Doc`,
            `Span`, `Token` and `Lexeme` objects.
        RETURNS (float): A scalar similarity score. Higher is more similar.
        """
        # Return 1.0 similarity for matches
        if hasattr(other, "orth"):
            if self.c.orth == other.orth:
                return 1.0
        elif hasattr(other, "__len__") and len(other) == 1 \
        and hasattr(other[0], "orth"):
            if self.c.orth == other[0].orth:
                return 1.0
        if self.vector_norm == 0 or other.vector_norm == 0:
            warnings.warn(Warnings.W008.format(obj="Lexeme"))
            return 0.0
        vector = self.vector
        xp = get_array_module(vector)
        return (xp.dot(vector, other.vector) / (self.vector_norm * other.vector_norm))

    def to_bytes(self):
        lex_data = Lexeme.c_to_bytes(self.c)
        start = <const char*>&self.c.flags
        end = <const char*>&self.c.sentiment + sizeof(self.c.sentiment)
        if (end-start) != sizeof(lex_data.data):
            raise ValueError(Errors.E072.format(length=end-start,
                                                bad_length=sizeof(lex_data.data)))
        byte_string = b"\0" * sizeof(lex_data.data)
        byte_chars = <char*>byte_string
        for i in range(sizeof(lex_data.data)):
            byte_chars[i] = lex_data.data[i]
        if len(byte_string) != sizeof(lex_data.data):
            raise ValueError(Errors.E072.format(length=len(byte_string),
                                                bad_length=sizeof(lex_data.data)))
        return byte_string

    def from_bytes(self, bytes byte_string):
        # This method doesn't really have a use-case --- wrote it for testing.
        # Possibly delete? It puts the Lexeme out of synch with the vocab.
        cdef SerializedLexemeC lex_data
        if len(byte_string) != sizeof(lex_data.data):
            raise ValueError(Errors.E072.format(length=len(byte_string),
                                                bad_length=sizeof(lex_data.data)))
        for i in range(len(byte_string)):
            lex_data.data[i] = byte_string[i]
        Lexeme.c_from_bytes(self.c, lex_data)
        self.orth = self.c.orth

    @property
    def has_vector(self):
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether a word vector is associated with the object.
        """
        return self.vocab.has_vector(self.c.orth)

    @property
    def vector_norm(self):
        """RETURNS (float): The L2 norm of the vector representation."""
        vector = self.vector
        return numpy.sqrt((vector**2).sum())

    property vector:
        """A real-valued meaning representation.

        RETURNS (numpy.ndarray[ndim=1, dtype='float32']): A 1D numpy array
            representing the lexeme's semantics.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            cdef int length = self.vocab.vectors_length
            if length == 0:
                raise ValueError(Errors.E010)
            return self.vocab.get_vector(self.c.orth)

        def __set__(self, vector):
            if len(vector) != self.vocab.vectors_length:
                raise ValueError(Errors.E073.format(new_length=len(vector),
                                                    length=self.vocab.vectors_length))
            self.vocab.set_vector(self.c.orth, vector)

    property rank:
        """RETURNS (unicode): Sequential ID of the lexemes's lexical type, used
            to index into tables, e.g. for word vectors."""
        def __get__(self):
            return self.c.id

        def __set__(self, value):
            self.c.id = value

    property sentiment:
        """RETURNS (float): A scalar value indicating the positivity or
            negativity of the lexeme."""
        def __get__(self):
            return self.c.sentiment

        def __set__(self, float sentiment):
            self.c.sentiment = sentiment

    @property
    def orth_(self):
        """RETURNS (unicode): The original verbatim text of the lexeme
            (identical to `Lexeme.text`). Exists mostly for consistency with
            the other attributes."""
        return self.vocab.strings[self.c.orth]

    @property
    def text(self):
        """RETURNS (unicode): The original verbatim text of the lexeme."""
        return self.orth_

    property lower:
        """RETURNS (unicode): Lowercase form of the lexeme."""
        def __get__(self):
            return self.c.lower

        def __set__(self, attr_t x):
            self.c.lower = x

    property norm:
        """RETURNS (uint64): The lexemes's norm, i.e. a normalised form of the
            lexeme text.
        """
        def __get__(self):
                return self.c.norm

        def __set__(self, attr_t x):
            self.c.norm = x

    property shape:
        """RETURNS (uint64): Transform of the word's string, to show
            orthographic features.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return self.c.shape

        def __set__(self, attr_t x):
            self.c.shape = x

    property prefix:
        """RETURNS (uint64): Length-N substring from the start of the word.
            Defaults to `N=1`.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return self.c.prefix

        def __set__(self, attr_t x):
            self.c.prefix = x

    property suffix:
        """RETURNS (uint64): Length-N substring from the end of the word.
            Defaults to `N=3`.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return self.c.suffix

        def __set__(self, attr_t x):
            self.c.suffix = x

    property cluster:
        """RETURNS (int): Brown cluster ID."""
        def __get__(self):
            return self.c.cluster

        def __set__(self, attr_t x):
            self.c.cluster = x

    property lang:
        """RETURNS (uint64): Language of the parent vocabulary."""
        def __get__(self):
            return self.c.lang

        def __set__(self, attr_t x):
            self.c.lang = x

    property prob:
        """RETURNS (float): Smoothed log probability estimate of the lexeme's
            type."""
        def __get__(self):
            return self.c.prob

        def __set__(self, float x):
            self.c.prob = x

    property lower_:
        """RETURNS (unicode): Lowercase form of the word."""
        def __get__(self):
            return self.vocab.strings[self.c.lower]

        def __set__(self, unicode x):
            self.c.lower = self.vocab.strings.add(x)

    property norm_:
        """RETURNS (unicode): The lexemes's norm, i.e. a normalised form of the
            lexeme text.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return self.vocab.strings[self.c.norm]

        def __set__(self, unicode x):
            self.c.norm = self.vocab.strings.add(x)

    property shape_:
        """RETURNS (unicode): Transform of the word's string, to show
            orthographic features.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return self.vocab.strings[self.c.shape]

        def __set__(self, unicode x):
            self.c.shape = self.vocab.strings.add(x)

    property prefix_:
        """RETURNS (unicode): Length-N substring from the start of the word.
            Defaults to `N=1`.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return self.vocab.strings[self.c.prefix]

        def __set__(self, unicode x):
            self.c.prefix = self.vocab.strings.add(x)

    property suffix_:
        """RETURNS (unicode): Length-N substring from the end of the word.
            Defaults to `N=3`.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return self.vocab.strings[self.c.suffix]

        def __set__(self, unicode x):
            self.c.suffix = self.vocab.strings.add(x)

    property lang_:
        """RETURNS (unicode): Language of the parent vocabulary."""
        def __get__(self):
            return self.vocab.strings[self.c.lang]

        def __set__(self, unicode x):
            self.c.lang = self.vocab.strings.add(x)

    property flags:
        """RETURNS (uint64): Container of the lexeme's binary flags."""
        def __get__(self):
            return self.c.flags

        def __set__(self, flags_t x):
            self.c.flags = x

    property is_oov:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme is out-of-vocabulary."""
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_OOV)

        def __set__(self, attr_t x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_OOV, x)

    property is_stop:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme is a stop word."""
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_STOP)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_STOP, x)

    property is_alpha:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme consists of alphabetic
            characters. Equivalent to `lexeme.text.isalpha()`.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_ALPHA)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_ALPHA, x)

    property is_ascii:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme consists of ASCII characters.
            Equivalent to `[any(ord(c) >= 128 for c in lexeme.text)]`.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_ASCII)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_ASCII, x)

    property is_digit:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme consists of digits. Equivalent
            to `lexeme.text.isdigit()`.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_DIGIT)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_DIGIT, x)

    property is_lower:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme is in lowercase. Equivalent to
            `lexeme.text.islower()`.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_LOWER)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_LOWER, x)

    property is_upper:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme is in uppercase. Equivalent to
            `lexeme.text.isupper()`.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_UPPER)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_UPPER, x)

    property is_title:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme is in titlecase. Equivalent to
            `lexeme.text.istitle()`.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_TITLE)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_TITLE, x)

    property is_punct:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme is punctuation."""
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_PUNCT)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_PUNCT, x)

    property is_space:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme consist of whitespace characters.
            Equivalent to `lexeme.text.isspace()`.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_SPACE)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_SPACE, x)

    property is_bracket:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme is a bracket."""
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_BRACKET)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_BRACKET, x)

    property is_quote:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme is a quotation mark."""
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_QUOTE)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_QUOTE, x)

    property is_left_punct:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme is left punctuation, e.g. )."""
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_LEFT_PUNCT)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_LEFT_PUNCT, x)

    property is_right_punct:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme is right punctuation, e.g. )."""
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_RIGHT_PUNCT)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_RIGHT_PUNCT, x)

    property is_currency:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme is a currency symbol, e.g. $, €."""
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, IS_CURRENCY)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, IS_CURRENCY, x)

    property like_url:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme resembles a URL."""
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, LIKE_URL)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, LIKE_URL, x)

    property like_num:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme represents a number, e.g. "10.9",
            "10", "ten", etc.
        """
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, LIKE_NUM)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, LIKE_NUM, x)

    property like_email:
        """RETURNS (bool): Whether the lexeme resembles an email address."""
        def __get__(self):
            return Lexeme.c_check_flag(self.c, LIKE_EMAIL)

        def __set__(self, bint x):
            Lexeme.c_set_flag(self.c, LIKE_EMAIL, x)