💫 Update website (#3285)
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
The new website is implemented using [Gatsby](https://www.gatsbyjs.org) with [Remark](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark) and [MDX](https://mdxjs.com/). This allows authoring content in **straightforward Markdown** without the usual limitations. Standard elements can be overwritten with powerful [React](http://reactjs.org/) components and wherever Markdown syntax isn't enough, JSX components can be used. Hopefully, this update will also make it much easier to contribute to the docs. Once this PR is merged, I'll implement auto-deployment via [Netlify](https://netlify.com) on a specific branch (to avoid building the website on every PR). There's a bunch of other cool stuff that the new setup will allow us to do – including writing front-end tests, service workers, offline support, implementing a search and so on.
This PR also includes various new docs pages and content.
Resolves #3270. Resolves #3222. Resolves #2947. Resolves #2837.
### Types of change
enhancement
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
2019-02-17 21:31:19 +03:00
---
title: Lexeme
teaser: An entry in the vocabulary
tag: class
source: spacy/lexeme.pyx
---
A `Lexeme` has no string context –
It therefore has no part-of-speech tag, dependency parse, or lemma (if
lemmatization depends on the part-of-speech tag).
## Lexeme.\_\_init\_\_ {#init tag="method"}
Create a `Lexeme` object.
| Name | Type | Description |
| ----------- | -------- | ----------------------------- |
| `vocab` | `Vocab` | The parent vocabulary. |
| `orth` | int | The orth id of the lexeme. |
| **RETURNS** | `Lexeme` | The newly constructed object. |
## Lexeme.set_flag {#set_flag tag="method"}
Change the value of a boolean flag.
> #### Example
>
> ```python
> COOL_FLAG = nlp.vocab.add_flag(lambda text: False)
2019-09-12 17:11:15 +03:00
> nlp.vocab["spaCy"].set_flag(COOL_FLAG, True)
💫 Update website (#3285)
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
The new website is implemented using [Gatsby](https://www.gatsbyjs.org) with [Remark](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark) and [MDX](https://mdxjs.com/). This allows authoring content in **straightforward Markdown** without the usual limitations. Standard elements can be overwritten with powerful [React](http://reactjs.org/) components and wherever Markdown syntax isn't enough, JSX components can be used. Hopefully, this update will also make it much easier to contribute to the docs. Once this PR is merged, I'll implement auto-deployment via [Netlify](https://netlify.com) on a specific branch (to avoid building the website on every PR). There's a bunch of other cool stuff that the new setup will allow us to do – including writing front-end tests, service workers, offline support, implementing a search and so on.
This PR also includes various new docs pages and content.
Resolves #3270. Resolves #3222. Resolves #2947. Resolves #2837.
### Types of change
enhancement
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
2019-02-17 21:31:19 +03:00
> ```
| Name | Type | Description |
| --------- | ---- | ------------------------------------ |
| `flag_id` | int | The attribute ID of the flag to set. |
| `value` | bool | The new value of the flag. |
## Lexeme.check_flag {#check_flag tag="method"}
Check the value of a boolean flag.
> #### Example
>
> ```python
2019-09-12 17:11:15 +03:00
> is_my_library = lambda text: text in ["spaCy", "Thinc"]
💫 Update website (#3285)
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
The new website is implemented using [Gatsby](https://www.gatsbyjs.org) with [Remark](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark) and [MDX](https://mdxjs.com/). This allows authoring content in **straightforward Markdown** without the usual limitations. Standard elements can be overwritten with powerful [React](http://reactjs.org/) components and wherever Markdown syntax isn't enough, JSX components can be used. Hopefully, this update will also make it much easier to contribute to the docs. Once this PR is merged, I'll implement auto-deployment via [Netlify](https://netlify.com) on a specific branch (to avoid building the website on every PR). There's a bunch of other cool stuff that the new setup will allow us to do – including writing front-end tests, service workers, offline support, implementing a search and so on.
This PR also includes various new docs pages and content.
Resolves #3270. Resolves #3222. Resolves #2947. Resolves #2837.
### Types of change
enhancement
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
2019-02-17 21:31:19 +03:00
> MY_LIBRARY = nlp.vocab.add_flag(is_my_library)
2019-09-12 17:11:15 +03:00
> assert nlp.vocab["spaCy"].check_flag(MY_LIBRARY) == True
💫 Update website (#3285)
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
The new website is implemented using [Gatsby](https://www.gatsbyjs.org) with [Remark](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark) and [MDX](https://mdxjs.com/). This allows authoring content in **straightforward Markdown** without the usual limitations. Standard elements can be overwritten with powerful [React](http://reactjs.org/) components and wherever Markdown syntax isn't enough, JSX components can be used. Hopefully, this update will also make it much easier to contribute to the docs. Once this PR is merged, I'll implement auto-deployment via [Netlify](https://netlify.com) on a specific branch (to avoid building the website on every PR). There's a bunch of other cool stuff that the new setup will allow us to do – including writing front-end tests, service workers, offline support, implementing a search and so on.
This PR also includes various new docs pages and content.
Resolves #3270. Resolves #3222. Resolves #2947. Resolves #2837.
### Types of change
enhancement
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
2019-02-17 21:31:19 +03:00
> ```
| Name | Type | Description |
| ----------- | ---- | -------------------------------------- |
| `flag_id` | int | The attribute ID of the flag to query. |
| **RETURNS** | bool | The value of the flag. |
## Lexeme.similarity {#similarity tag="method" model="vectors"}
Compute a semantic similarity estimate. Defaults to cosine over vectors.
> #### Example
>
> ```python
2019-09-12 17:11:15 +03:00
> apple = nlp.vocab["apple"]
> orange = nlp.vocab["orange"]
💫 Update website (#3285)
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
The new website is implemented using [Gatsby](https://www.gatsbyjs.org) with [Remark](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark) and [MDX](https://mdxjs.com/). This allows authoring content in **straightforward Markdown** without the usual limitations. Standard elements can be overwritten with powerful [React](http://reactjs.org/) components and wherever Markdown syntax isn't enough, JSX components can be used. Hopefully, this update will also make it much easier to contribute to the docs. Once this PR is merged, I'll implement auto-deployment via [Netlify](https://netlify.com) on a specific branch (to avoid building the website on every PR). There's a bunch of other cool stuff that the new setup will allow us to do – including writing front-end tests, service workers, offline support, implementing a search and so on.
This PR also includes various new docs pages and content.
Resolves #3270. Resolves #3222. Resolves #2947. Resolves #2837.
### Types of change
enhancement
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
2019-02-17 21:31:19 +03:00
> apple_orange = apple.similarity(orange)
> orange_apple = orange.similarity(apple)
> assert apple_orange == orange_apple
> ```
| Name | Type | Description |
| ----------- | ----- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| other | - | The object to compare with. By default, accepts `Doc` , `Span` , `Token` and `Lexeme` objects. |
| **RETURNS** | float | A scalar similarity score. Higher is more similar. |
## Lexeme.has_vector {#has_vector tag="property" model="vectors"}
A boolean value indicating whether a word vector is associated with the lexeme.
> #### Example
>
> ```python
2019-09-12 17:11:15 +03:00
> apple = nlp.vocab["apple"]
💫 Update website (#3285)
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
The new website is implemented using [Gatsby](https://www.gatsbyjs.org) with [Remark](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark) and [MDX](https://mdxjs.com/). This allows authoring content in **straightforward Markdown** without the usual limitations. Standard elements can be overwritten with powerful [React](http://reactjs.org/) components and wherever Markdown syntax isn't enough, JSX components can be used. Hopefully, this update will also make it much easier to contribute to the docs. Once this PR is merged, I'll implement auto-deployment via [Netlify](https://netlify.com) on a specific branch (to avoid building the website on every PR). There's a bunch of other cool stuff that the new setup will allow us to do – including writing front-end tests, service workers, offline support, implementing a search and so on.
This PR also includes various new docs pages and content.
Resolves #3270. Resolves #3222. Resolves #2947. Resolves #2837.
### Types of change
enhancement
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
2019-02-17 21:31:19 +03:00
> assert apple.has_vector
> ```
| Name | Type | Description |
| ----------- | ---- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| **RETURNS** | bool | Whether the lexeme has a vector data attached. |
## Lexeme.vector {#vector tag="property" model="vectors"}
A real-valued meaning representation.
> #### Example
>
> ```python
2019-09-12 17:11:15 +03:00
> apple = nlp.vocab["apple"]
💫 Update website (#3285)
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
The new website is implemented using [Gatsby](https://www.gatsbyjs.org) with [Remark](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark) and [MDX](https://mdxjs.com/). This allows authoring content in **straightforward Markdown** without the usual limitations. Standard elements can be overwritten with powerful [React](http://reactjs.org/) components and wherever Markdown syntax isn't enough, JSX components can be used. Hopefully, this update will also make it much easier to contribute to the docs. Once this PR is merged, I'll implement auto-deployment via [Netlify](https://netlify.com) on a specific branch (to avoid building the website on every PR). There's a bunch of other cool stuff that the new setup will allow us to do – including writing front-end tests, service workers, offline support, implementing a search and so on.
This PR also includes various new docs pages and content.
Resolves #3270. Resolves #3222. Resolves #2947. Resolves #2837.
### Types of change
enhancement
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
2019-02-17 21:31:19 +03:00
> assert apple.vector.dtype == "float32"
> assert apple.vector.shape == (300,)
> ```
| Name | Type | Description |
| ----------- | ---------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
| **RETURNS** | `numpy.ndarray[ndim=1, dtype='float32']` | A 1D numpy array representing the lexeme's semantics. |
## Lexeme.vector_norm {#vector_norm tag="property" model="vectors"}
The L2 norm of the lexeme's vector representation.
> #### Example
>
> ```python
2019-09-12 17:11:15 +03:00
> apple = nlp.vocab["apple"]
> pasta = nlp.vocab["pasta"]
💫 Update website (#3285)
<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the title. -->
## Description
The new website is implemented using [Gatsby](https://www.gatsbyjs.org) with [Remark](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark) and [MDX](https://mdxjs.com/). This allows authoring content in **straightforward Markdown** without the usual limitations. Standard elements can be overwritten with powerful [React](http://reactjs.org/) components and wherever Markdown syntax isn't enough, JSX components can be used. Hopefully, this update will also make it much easier to contribute to the docs. Once this PR is merged, I'll implement auto-deployment via [Netlify](https://netlify.com) on a specific branch (to avoid building the website on every PR). There's a bunch of other cool stuff that the new setup will allow us to do – including writing front-end tests, service workers, offline support, implementing a search and so on.
This PR also includes various new docs pages and content.
Resolves #3270. Resolves #3222. Resolves #2947. Resolves #2837.
### Types of change
enhancement
## Checklist
<!--- Before you submit the PR, go over this checklist and make sure you can
tick off all the boxes. [] -> [x] -->
- [x] I have submitted the spaCy Contributor Agreement.
- [x] I ran the tests, and all new and existing tests passed.
- [x] My changes don't require a change to the documentation, or if they do, I've added all required information.
2019-02-17 21:31:19 +03:00
> apple.vector_norm # 7.1346845626831055
> pasta.vector_norm # 7.759851932525635
> assert apple.vector_norm != pasta.vector_norm
> ```
| Name | Type | Description |
| ----------- | ----- | ----------------------------------------- |
| **RETURNS** | float | The L2 norm of the vector representation. |
## Attributes {#attributes}
2019-11-23 19:16:55 +03:00
| Name | Type | Description |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `vocab` | `Vocab` | The lexeme's vocabulary. |
| `text` | unicode | Verbatim text content. |
| `orth` | int | ID of the verbatim text content. |
| `orth_` | unicode | Verbatim text content (identical to `Lexeme.text` ). Exists mostly for consistency with the other attributes. |
| `rank` | int | Sequential ID of the lexemes's lexical type, used to index into tables, e.g. for word vectors. |
| `flags` | int | Container of the lexeme's binary flags. |
| `norm` | int | The lexemes's norm, i.e. a normalized form of the lexeme text. |
| `norm_` | unicode | The lexemes's norm, i.e. a normalized form of the lexeme text. |
| `lower` | int | Lowercase form of the word. |
| `lower_` | unicode | Lowercase form of the word. |
| `shape` | int | Transform of the words's string, to show orthographic features. Alphabetic characters are replaced by `x` or `X` , and numeric characters are replaced by d`, and sequences of the same character are truncated after length 4. For example,`"Xxxx"`or`"dd"`. |
| `shape_` | unicode | Transform of the word's string, to show orthographic features. Alphabetic characters are replaced by `x` or `X` , and numeric characters are replaced by d`, and sequences of the same character are truncated after length 4. For example,`"Xxxx"`or`"dd"`. |
| `prefix` | int | Length-N substring from the start of the word. Defaults to `N=1` . |
| `prefix_` | unicode | Length-N substring from the start of the word. Defaults to `N=1` . |
| `suffix` | int | Length-N substring from the end of the word. Defaults to `N=3` . |
| `suffix_` | unicode | Length-N substring from the start of the word. Defaults to `N=3` . |
| `is_alpha` | bool | Does the lexeme consist of alphabetic characters? Equivalent to `lexeme.text.isalpha()` . |
| `is_ascii` | bool | Does the lexeme consist of ASCII characters? Equivalent to `[any(ord(c) >= 128 for c in lexeme.text)]` . |
| `is_digit` | bool | Does the lexeme consist of digits? Equivalent to `lexeme.text.isdigit()` . |
| `is_lower` | bool | Is the lexeme in lowercase? Equivalent to `lexeme.text.islower()` . |
| `is_upper` | bool | Is the lexeme in uppercase? Equivalent to `lexeme.text.isupper()` . |
| `is_title` | bool | Is the lexeme in titlecase? Equivalent to `lexeme.text.istitle()` . |
| `is_punct` | bool | Is the lexeme punctuation? |
| `is_left_punct` | bool | Is the lexeme a left punctuation mark, e.g. `(` ? |
| `is_right_punct` | bool | Is the lexeme a right punctuation mark, e.g. `)` ? |
| `is_space` | bool | Does the lexeme consist of whitespace characters? Equivalent to `lexeme.text.isspace()` . |
| `is_bracket` | bool | Is the lexeme a bracket? |
| `is_quote` | bool | Is the lexeme a quotation mark? |
| `is_currency` < Tag variant = "new" > 2.0.8</ Tag > | bool | Is the lexeme a currency symbol? |
| `like_url` | bool | Does the lexeme resemble a URL? |
| `like_num` | bool | Does the lexeme represent a number? e.g. "10.9", "10", "ten", etc. |
| `like_email` | bool | Does the lexeme resemble an email address? |
| `is_oov` | bool | Is the lexeme out-of-vocabulary? |
| `is_stop` | bool | Is the lexeme part of a "stop list"? |
| `lang` | int | Language of the parent vocabulary. |
| `lang_` | unicode | Language of the parent vocabulary. |
| `prob` | float | Smoothed log probability estimate of the lexeme's word type (context-independent entry in the vocabulary). |
| `cluster` | int | Brown cluster ID. |
| `sentiment` | float | A scalar value indicating the positivity or negativity of the lexeme. |
