diff --git a/.appveyor.yml b/.appveyor.yml
index a379cdd31..dd1824ead 100644
--- a/.appveyor.yml
+++ b/.appveyor.yml
@@ -4,15 +4,11 @@ environment:
 
     # For Python versions available on Appveyor, see
     # http://www.appveyor.com/docs/installed-software#python
-    # The list here is complete (excluding Python 2.6, which
-    # isn't covered by this document) at the time of writing.
 
     - PYTHON: "C:\\Python27"
-    #- PYTHON: "C:\\Python33"
     #- PYTHON: "C:\\Python34"
     #- PYTHON: "C:\\Python35"
     #- PYTHON: "C:\\Python27-x64"
-    #- PYTHON: "C:\\Python33-x64"
     #- DISTUTILS_USE_SDK: "1"
     #- PYTHON: "C:\\Python34-x64"
     #- DISTUTILS_USE_SDK: "1"
@@ -30,7 +26,7 @@ build: off
 
 test_script:
   # Put your test command here.
-  # If you don't need to build C extensions on 64-bit Python 3.3 or 3.4,
+  # If you don't need to build C extensions on 64-bit Python 3.4,
   # you can remove "build.cmd" from the front of the command, as it's
   # only needed to support those cases.
   # Note that you must use the environment variable %PYTHON% to refer to
@@ -41,7 +37,7 @@ test_script:
 after_test:
   # This step builds your wheels.
   # Again, you only need build.cmd if you're building C extensions for
-  # 64-bit Python 3.3/3.4. And you need to use %PYTHON% to get the correct
+  # 64-bit Python 3.4. And you need to use %PYTHON% to get the correct
   # interpreter
   - "%PYTHON%\\python.exe setup.py bdist_wheel"
 
diff --git a/.github/contributors/MartinoMensio.md b/.github/contributors/MartinoMensio.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1cd32d622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/contributors/MartinoMensio.md
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your 
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                              |
+|------------------------------- | --------------------               |
+| Name                           | Martino Mensio                     |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | Polytechnic University of Turin    |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | Student                            |
+| Date                           | 17 November 2017                   |
+| GitHub username                | MartinoMensio                      |
+| Website (optional)             | https://martinomensio.github.io/   |
diff --git a/.github/contributors/bdewilde.md b/.github/contributors/bdewilde.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f65a625cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/contributors/bdewilde.md
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                        |
+|------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
+| Name                           | Burton DeWilde               |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | -                            |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | data scientist               |
+| Date                           | 20 November 2017             |
+| GitHub username                | bdewilde                     |
+| Website (optional)             | https://bdewilde.github.io/  |
diff --git a/.github/contributors/cclauss.md b/.github/contributors/cclauss.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62ebbab09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/contributors/cclauss.md
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your 
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                              |
+|------------------------------- | --------------------               |
+| Name                           | Chris Clauss                       |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                                    |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                                    |
+| Date                           | 20 November 2017                   |
+| GitHub username                | cclauss                            |
+| Website (optional)             |                                    |
diff --git a/.github/contributors/fsonntag.md b/.github/contributors/fsonntag.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d84015bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/contributors/fsonntag.md
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your 
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Felix Sonntag        |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | -                    |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | Student              |
+| Date                           | 2017-11-19           |
+| GitHub username                | fsonntag             |
+| Website (optional)             | http://github.com/fsonntag/ |
diff --git a/.github/contributors/greenriverrus.md b/.github/contributors/greenriverrus.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7d6ba260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/contributors/greenriverrus.md
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your 
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry               |
+|------------------------------- | --------------------|
+| Name                           | Vadim Mazaev        |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                     |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                     |
+| Date                           | 26 November 2017    |
+| GitHub username                | GreenRiverRUS       |
+| Website (optional)             |                     |
diff --git a/.github/contributors/hugovk.md b/.github/contributors/hugovk.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b96f688c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/contributors/hugovk.md
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Hugo van Kemenade    |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 26 November 2017     |
+| GitHub username                | hugovk               |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |
diff --git a/.github/contributors/markulrich.md b/.github/contributors/markulrich.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b31bba033
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/contributors/markulrich.md
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your 
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                              |
+|------------------------------- | --------------------               |
+| Name                           | Mark Ulrich                        |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                                    |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | Machine Learning Engineer          |
+| Date                           | 22 November 2017                   |
+| GitHub username                | markulrich                         |
+| Website (optional)             |                                    |
diff --git a/.github/contributors/sorenlind.md b/.github/contributors/sorenlind.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73e42636f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/contributors/sorenlind.md
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your 
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                              |
+|------------------------------- | --------------------               |
+| Name                           | Søren Lind Kristiansen             |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                                    |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                                    |
+| Date                           | 24 November 2017                   |
+| GitHub username                | sorenlind                          |
+| Website (optional)             |                                    |
diff --git a/.github/contributors/tokestermw.md b/.github/contributors/tokestermw.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d69d7736
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/contributors/tokestermw.md
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your 
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                              |
+|------------------------------- | --------------------               |
+| Name                           | Motoki Wu                     |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | WriteLab   |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | NLP / Deep Learning Engineer          |
+| Date                           | 17 November 2017                   |
+| GitHub username                | tokestermw                           |
+| Website (optional)             | https://twitter.com/plusepsilon        |
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 0bda7276d..8dec277b9 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -15,14 +15,17 @@ os:
 env:
   - VIA=compile LC_ALL=en_US.ascii 
   - VIA=compile
+  - VIA=flake8
   #- VIA=pypi_nightly
 
 install:
   - "./travis.sh"
+  - pip install flake8
 
 script:
   - "pip install pytest pytest-timeout"
   - if [[ "${VIA}" == "compile" ]]; then python -m pytest --tb=native spacy; fi
+  - if [[ "${VIA}" == "flake8" ]]; then flake8 . --count --exclude=spacy/compat.py,spacy/lang --select=E901,E999,F821,F822,F823 --show-source --statistics; fi  
   - if [[ "${VIA}" == "pypi_nightly" ]]; then python -m pytest --tb=native --models --en `python -c "import os.path; import spacy; print(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(spacy.__file__)))"`; fi
   - if [[ "${VIA}" == "sdist" ]]; then python -m pytest --tb=native `python -c "import os.path; import spacy; print(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(spacy.__file__)))"`; fi
   
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 0ec363f3a..2bcfd343d 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ even format them as Markdown to copy-paste into GitHub issues:
 * **Checking the model compatibility:** If you're having problems with a
 [statistical model](https://spacy.io/models), it may be because to the
 model is incompatible with your spaCy installation. In spaCy v2.0+, you can check
-this on the command line by running `spacy validate`.
+this on the command line by running `python -m spacy validate`.
 
 * **Sharing a model's output, like dependencies and entities:** spaCy v2.0+
 comes with [built-in visualizers](https://spacy.io/usage/visualizers) that
diff --git a/README.rst b/README.rst
index 088cdbd47..a47084254 100644
--- a/README.rst
+++ b/README.rst
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ integration. It's commercial open-source software, released under the MIT licens
     :target: https://travis-ci.org/explosion/spaCy
     :alt: Build Status
 
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/appveyor/ci/explosion/spaCy/master.svg?style=flat-square
+    :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/explosion/spaCy
+    :alt: Appveyor Build Status
+
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/github/release/explosion/spacy.svg?style=flat-square
     :target: https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/releases
     :alt: Current Release Version
@@ -108,7 +112,7 @@ the `documentation <https://spacy.io/usage>`_.
 
 ==================== ===
 **Operating system** macOS / OS X, Linux, Windows (Cygwin, MinGW, Visual Studio)
-**Python version**   CPython 2.6, 2.7, 3.3+. Only 64 bit.
+**Python version**   CPython 2.7, 3.4+. Only 64 bit.
 **Package managers** `pip`_ (source packages only), `conda`_ (via ``conda-forge``)
 ==================== ===
 
diff --git a/examples/information_extraction/entity_relations.py b/examples/information_extraction/entity_relations.py
index ef920ab00..3c3b8132f 100644
--- a/examples/information_extraction/entity_relations.py
+++ b/examples/information_extraction/entity_relations.py
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ def main(model='en_core_web_sm'):
 
 def extract_currency_relations(doc):
     # merge entities and noun chunks into one token
-    for span in [*list(doc.ents), *list(doc.noun_chunks)]:
+    spans = list(doc.ents) + list(doc.noun_chunks)
+    for span in spans:
         span.merge()
 
     relations = []
diff --git a/examples/training/train_new_entity_type.py b/examples/training/train_new_entity_type.py
index cb563ed42..a0edde45c 100644
--- a/examples/training/train_new_entity_type.py
+++ b/examples/training/train_new_entity_type.py
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ TRAIN_DATA = [
     new_model_name=("New model name for model meta.", "option", "nm", str),
     output_dir=("Optional output directory", "option", "o", Path),
     n_iter=("Number of training iterations", "option", "n", int))
-def main(model=None, new_model_name='animal', output_dir=None, n_iter=50):
+def main(model=None, new_model_name='animal', output_dir=None, n_iter=20):
     """Set up the pipeline and entity recognizer, and train the new entity."""
     if model is not None:
         nlp = spacy.load(model)  # load existing spaCy model
diff --git a/examples/training/train_tagger.py b/examples/training/train_tagger.py
index e893cb4e4..6eb7213cf 100644
--- a/examples/training/train_tagger.py
+++ b/examples/training/train_tagger.py
@@ -30,8 +30,11 @@ TAG_MAP = {
     'J': {'pos': 'ADJ'}
 }
 
-# Usually you'll read this in, of course. Data formats vary.
-# Ensure your strings are unicode.
+# Usually you'll read this in, of course. Data formats vary. Ensure your
+# strings are unicode and that the number of tags assigned matches spaCy's
+# tokenization. If not, you can always add a 'words' key to the annotations
+# that specifies the gold-standard tokenization, e.g.:
+# ("Eatblueham", {'words': ['Eat', 'blue', 'ham'] 'tags': ['V', 'J', 'N']})
 TRAIN_DATA = [
     ("I like green eggs", {'tags': ['N', 'V', 'J', 'N']}),
     ("Eat blue ham", {'tags': ['V', 'J', 'N']})
diff --git a/examples/vectors_fast_text.py b/examples/vectors_fast_text.py
index 4e5640f0d..a443b5310 100644
--- a/examples/vectors_fast_text.py
+++ b/examples/vectors_fast_text.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from spacy.language import Language
 
 
 @plac.annotations(
-    vectors_loc=("Path to vectors", "positional", None, str),
+    vectors_loc=("Path to .vec file", "positional", None, str),
     lang=("Optional language ID. If not set, blank Language() will be used.",
           "positional", None, str))
 def main(vectors_loc, lang=None):
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def main(vectors_loc, lang=None):
         nlp.vocab.reset_vectors(width=int(nr_dim))
         for line in file_:
             line = line.rstrip().decode('utf8')
-            pieces = line.rsplit(' ', nr_dim)
+            pieces = line.rsplit(' ', int(nr_dim))
             word = pieces[0]
             vector = numpy.asarray([float(v) for v in pieces[1:]], dtype='f')
             nlp.vocab.set_vector(word, vector)  # add the vectors to the vocab
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 11acae95c..a588f2c2a 100755
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -211,9 +211,9 @@ def setup_package():
                 'Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X',
                 'Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows',
                 'Programming Language :: Cython',
-                'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6',
+                'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
                 'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
-                'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3',
+                'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
                 'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4',
                 'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
                 'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
diff --git a/spacy/attrs.pyx b/spacy/attrs.pyx
index 8113ffebe..893ec0845 100644
--- a/spacy/attrs.pyx
+++ b/spacy/attrs.pyx
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def intify_attrs(stringy_attrs, strings_map=None, _do_deprecated=False):
             'NumValue', 'PartType', 'Polite', 'StyleVariant',
             'PronType', 'AdjType', 'Person', 'Variant', 'AdpType',
             'Reflex', 'Negative', 'Mood', 'Aspect', 'Case',
-            'Polarity', # U20
+            'Polarity', 'Animacy' # U20
         ]
         for key in morph_keys:
             if key in stringy_attrs:
diff --git a/spacy/cli/package.py b/spacy/cli/package.py
index 8c590b49b..3dc7fa3e0 100644
--- a/spacy/cli/package.py
+++ b/spacy/cli/package.py
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ def list_files(data_dir):
 
 def list_requirements(meta):
     parent_package = meta.get('parent_package', 'spacy')
-    requirements = [parent_package + meta['spacy_version']]
+    requirements = [parent_package + ">=" + meta['spacy_version']]
     if 'setup_requires' in meta:
         requirements += meta['setup_requires']
     return requirements
diff --git a/spacy/cli/profile.py b/spacy/cli/profile.py
index 5c0ed521b..dc2374dab 100644
--- a/spacy/cli/profile.py
+++ b/spacy/cli/profile.py
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ def profile(cmd, lang, inputs=None):
     if inputs is None:
         imdb_train, _ = thinc.extra.datasets.imdb()
         inputs, _ = zip(*imdb_train)
-        inputs = inputs[:2000]
+        inputs = inputs[:25000]
     nlp = spacy.load(lang)
     texts = list(cytoolz.take(10000, inputs))
     cProfile.runctx("parse_texts(nlp, texts)", globals(), locals(),
                     "Profile.prof")
     s = pstats.Stats("Profile.prof")
-    s.strip_dirs().sort_stats("cumtime").print_stats()
+    s.strip_dirs().sort_stats("time").print_stats()
 
 
 def parse_texts(nlp, texts):
diff --git a/spacy/compat.py b/spacy/compat.py
index 7cd06e545..e50036013 100644
--- a/spacy/compat.py
+++ b/spacy/compat.py
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ is_osx = sys.platform == 'darwin'
 if is_python2:
     import imp
     bytes_ = str
-    unicode_ = unicode
-    basestring_ = basestring
-    input_ = raw_input
+    unicode_ = unicode  # noqa: F821
+    basestring_ = basestring  # noqa: F821
+    input_ = raw_input  # noqa: F821
     json_dumps = lambda data: ujson.dumps(data, indent=2, escape_forward_slashes=False).decode('utf8')
     path2str = lambda path: str(path).decode('utf8')
 
diff --git a/spacy/displacy/__init__.py b/spacy/displacy/__init__.py
index e160c31b6..cfecd4b11 100644
--- a/spacy/displacy/__init__.py
+++ b/spacy/displacy/__init__.py
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ def parse_deps(orig_doc, options={}):
                           word.lemma_, word.ent_type_))
         for span_props in spans:
             doc.merge(*span_props)
-    words = [{'text': w.text, 'tag': w.tag_} for w in doc]
+    words = [{'text': w.text, 'tag': w.pos_} for w in doc]
     arcs = []
     for word in doc:
         if word.i < word.head.i:
diff --git a/spacy/gold.pyx b/spacy/gold.pyx
index d6db9b853..dff5fc147 100644
--- a/spacy/gold.pyx
+++ b/spacy/gold.pyx
@@ -541,5 +541,24 @@ def biluo_tags_from_offsets(doc, entities, missing='O'):
     return biluo
 
 
+def offsets_from_biluo_tags(doc, tags):
+    """Encode per-token tags following the BILUO scheme into entity offsets.
+
+    doc (Doc): The document that the BILUO tags refer to.
+    entities (iterable): A sequence of BILUO tags with each tag describing one
+        token. Each tags string will be of the form of either "", "O" or
+        "{action}-{label}", where action is one of "B", "I", "L", "U".
+    RETURNS (list): A sequence of `(start, end, label)` triples. `start` and
+        `end` will be character-offset integers denoting the slice into the
+        original string.
+    """
+    token_offsets = tags_to_entities(tags)
+    offsets = []
+    for label, start_idx, end_idx in token_offsets:
+        span = doc[start_idx : end_idx + 1]
+        offsets.append((span.start_char, span.end_char, label))
+    return offsets
+
+
 def is_punct_label(label):
     return label == 'P' or label.lower() == 'punct'
diff --git a/spacy/lang/char_classes.py b/spacy/lang/char_classes.py
index 7ec631c92..68d8eecc7 100644
--- a/spacy/lang/char_classes.py
+++ b/spacy/lang/char_classes.py
@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@ _hebrew = r'[\p{L}&&\p{Hebrew}]'
 _latin_lower = r'[\p{Ll}&&\p{Latin}]'
 _latin_upper = r'[\p{Lu}&&\p{Latin}]'
 _latin = r'[[\p{Ll}||\p{Lu}]&&\p{Latin}]'
+_russian_lower = r'[ёа-я]'
+_russian_upper = r'[ЁА-Я]'
 
-_upper = [_latin_upper]
-_lower = [_latin_lower]
+_upper = [_latin_upper, _russian_upper]
+_lower = [_latin_lower, _russian_lower]
 _uncased = [_bengali, _hebrew]
 
 ALPHA = merge_char_classes(_upper + _lower + _uncased)
@@ -27,8 +29,9 @@ ALPHA_UPPER = merge_char_classes(_upper + _uncased)
 
 _units = ('km km² km³ m m² m³ dm dm² dm³ cm cm² cm³ mm mm² mm³ ha µm nm yd in ft '
           'kg g mg µg t lb oz m/s km/h kmh mph hPa Pa mbar mb MB kb KB gb GB tb '
-          'TB T G M K %')
-_currency = r'\$ £ € ¥ ฿ US\$ C\$ A\$'
+          'TB T G M K % км км² км³ м м² м³ дм дм² дм³ см см² см³ мм мм² мм³ нм '
+          'кг г мг м/с км/ч кПа Па мбар Кб КБ кб Мб МБ мб Гб ГБ гб Тб ТБ тб')
+_currency = r'\$ £ € ¥ ฿ US\$ C\$ A\$ ₽'
 
 # These expressions contain various unicode variations, including characters
 # used in Chinese (see #1333, #1340, #1351) – unless there are cross-language
diff --git a/spacy/lang/da/__init__.py b/spacy/lang/da/__init__.py
index 45e5b89dd..b4e248cf6 100644
--- a/spacy/lang/da/__init__.py
+++ b/spacy/lang/da/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from .tokenizer_exceptions import TOKENIZER_EXCEPTIONS
+from .norm_exceptions import NORM_EXCEPTIONS
 from .stop_words import STOP_WORDS
 from .lex_attrs import LEX_ATTRS
 from .morph_rules import MORPH_RULES
@@ -18,7 +19,8 @@ class DanishDefaults(Language.Defaults):
     lex_attr_getters = dict(Language.Defaults.lex_attr_getters)
     lex_attr_getters.update(LEX_ATTRS)
     lex_attr_getters[LANG] = lambda text: 'da'
-    lex_attr_getters[NORM] = add_lookups(Language.Defaults.lex_attr_getters[NORM], BASE_NORMS)
+    lex_attr_getters[NORM] = add_lookups(Language.Defaults.lex_attr_getters[NORM],
+                                         BASE_NORMS, NORM_EXCEPTIONS)
     tokenizer_exceptions = update_exc(BASE_EXCEPTIONS, TOKENIZER_EXCEPTIONS)
     # morph_rules = MORPH_RULES
     tag_map = TAG_MAP
diff --git a/spacy/lang/da/examples.py b/spacy/lang/da/examples.py
index 549f71fb5..c98fc251e 100644
--- a/spacy/lang/da/examples.py
+++ b/spacy/lang/da/examples.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Example sentences to test spaCy and its language models.
 
 
 sentences = [
-    "Apple overvejer at købe et britisk statup for 1 milliard dollar",
+    "Apple overvejer at købe et britisk startup for 1 milliard dollar",
     "Selvkørende biler flytter forsikringsansvaret over på producenterne",
     "San Francisco overvejer at forbyde leverandørrobotter på fortov",
     "London er en stor by i Storbritannien"
diff --git a/spacy/lang/da/norm_exceptions.py b/spacy/lang/da/norm_exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71e4b741c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/lang/da/norm_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,527 @@
+# coding: utf8
+"""
+Special-case rules for normalizing tokens to improve the model's predictions.
+For example 'mysterium' vs 'mysterie' and similar.
+"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+
+# Sources:
+# 1: https://dsn.dk/retskrivning/om-retskrivningsordbogen/mere-om-retskrivningsordbogen-2012/endrede-stave-og-ordformer/
+# 2: http://www.tjerry-korrektur.dk/ord-med-flere-stavemaader/
+
+_exc = {
+    # Alternative spelling
+    "a-kraft-værk": "a-kraftværk",  # 1
+    "ålborg": "aalborg",  # 2
+    "århus": "aarhus",
+    "accessoirer": "accessoires",  # 1
+    "affektert": "affekteret",  # 1
+    "afrikander": "afrikaaner",  # 1
+    "aftabuere": "aftabuisere",  # 1
+    "aftabuering": "aftabuisering",  # 1
+    "akvarium": "akvarie",  # 1
+    "alenefader": "alenefar",  # 1
+    "alenemoder": "alenemor",  # 1
+    "alkoholambulatorium": "alkoholambulatorie",  # 1
+    "ambulatorium": "ambulatorie",  # 1
+    "ananassene": "ananasserne",  # 2
+    "anførelsestegn": "anførselstegn",  # 1
+    "anseelig": "anselig",  # 2
+    "antioxydant": "antioxidant",  # 1
+    "artrig": "artsrig",  # 1
+    "auditorium": "auditorie",  # 1
+    "avocado": "avokado",  # 2
+    "bagerst": "bagest",  # 2
+    "bagstræv": "bagstræb",  # 1
+    "bagstræver": "bagstræber",  # 1
+    "bagstræverisk": "bagstræberisk",  # 1
+    "balde": "balle",  # 2
+    "barselorlov": "barselsorlov",  # 1
+    "barselvikar": "barselsvikar",  # 1
+    "baskien": "baskerlandet",  # 1
+    "bayrisk": "bayersk",  # 1
+    "bedstefader": "bedstefar",  # 1
+    "bedstemoder": "bedstemor",  # 1
+    "behefte": "behæfte",  # 1
+    "beheftelse": "behæftelse",  # 1
+    "bidragydende": "bidragsydende",  # 1
+    "bidragyder": "bidragsyder",  # 1
+    "billiondel": "billiontedel",  # 1
+    "blaseret": "blasert",  # 1
+    "bleskifte": "bleskift",  # 1
+    "blodbroder": "blodsbroder",  # 2
+    "blyantspidser": "blyantsspidser",  # 2
+    "boligministerium": "boligministerie",  # 1
+    "borhul": "borehul",  # 1
+    "broder": "bror",  # 2
+    "buldog": "bulldog",  # 2
+    "bådhus": "bådehus",  # 1
+    "børnepleje": "barnepleje",  # 1
+    "børneseng": "barneseng",  # 1
+    "børnestol": "barnestol",  # 1
+    "cairo": "kairo",  # 1
+    "cambodia": "cambodja",  # 1
+    "cambodianer": "cambodjaner",  # 1
+    "cambodiansk": "cambodjansk",  # 1
+    "camouflage": "kamuflage",  # 2
+    "campylobacter": "kampylobakter",  # 1
+    "centeret": "centret",  # 2
+    "chefskahyt": "chefkahyt",  # 1
+    "chefspost": "chefpost",  # 1
+    "chefssekretær": "chefsekretær",  # 1
+    "chefsstol": "chefstol",  # 1
+    "cirkulærskrivelse": "cirkulæreskrivelse",  # 1
+    "cognacsglas": "cognacglas",  # 1
+    "columnist": "kolumnist",  # 1
+    "cricket": "kricket",  # 2
+    "dagplejemoder": "dagplejemor",  # 1
+    "damaskesdug": "damaskdug",  # 1
+    "damp-barn": "dampbarn",  # 1
+    "delfinarium": "delfinarie",  # 1
+    "dentallaboratorium": "dentallaboratorie",  # 1
+    "diaramme": "diasramme",  # 1
+    "diaré": "diarré",  # 1
+    "dioxyd": "dioxid",  # 1
+    "dommedagsprædiken": "dommedagspræken",  # 1
+    "donut": "doughnut",  # 2
+    "driftmæssig": "driftsmæssig",  # 1
+    "driftsikker": "driftssikker",  # 1
+    "driftsikring": "driftssikring",  # 1
+    "drikkejogurt": "drikkeyoghurt",  # 1
+    "drivein": "drive-in",  # 1
+    "driveinbiograf": "drive-in-biograf",  # 1
+    "drøvel": "drøbel",  # 1
+    "dødskriterium": "dødskriterie",  # 1
+    "e-mail-adresse": "e-mailadresse",  # 1
+    "e-post-adresse": "e-postadresse",  # 1
+    "egypten": "ægypten",  # 2
+    "ekskommunicere": "ekskommunikere",  # 1
+    "eksperimentarium": "eksperimentarie",  # 1
+    "elsass": "Alsace",  # 1
+    "elsasser": "alsacer",  # 1
+    "elsassisk": "alsacisk",  # 1
+    "elvetal": "ellevetal",  # 1
+    "elvetiden": "ellevetiden",  # 1
+    "elveårig": "elleveårig",  # 1
+    "elveårs": "elleveårs",  # 1
+    "elveårsbarn": "elleveårsbarn",  # 1
+    "elvte": "ellevte",  # 1
+    "elvtedel": "ellevtedel",  # 1
+    "energiministerium": "energiministerie",  # 1
+    "erhvervsministerium": "erhvervsministerie",  # 1
+    "espaliere": "spaliere",  # 2
+    "evangelium": "evangelie",  # 1
+    "fagministerium": "fagministerie",  # 1
+    "fakse": "faxe",  # 1
+    "fangstkvota": "fangstkvote",  # 1
+    "fader": "far",  # 2
+    "farbroder": "farbror",  # 1
+    "farfader": "farfar",  # 1
+    "farmoder": "farmor",  # 1
+    "federal": "føderal",  # 1
+    "federalisering": "føderalisering",  # 1
+    "federalisme": "føderalisme",  # 1
+    "federalist": "føderalist",  # 1
+    "federalistisk": "føderalistisk",  # 1
+    "federation": "føderation",  # 1
+    "federativ": "føderativ",  # 1
+    "fejlbeheftet": "fejlbehæftet",  # 1
+    "femetagers": "femetages",  # 2
+    "femhundredekroneseddel": "femhundredkroneseddel",  # 2
+    "filmpremiere": "filmpræmiere",  # 2
+    "finansimperium": "finansimperie",  # 1
+    "finansministerium": "finansministerie",  # 1
+    "firehjulstræk": "firhjulstræk",  # 2
+    "fjernstudium": "fjernstudie",  # 1
+    "formalier": "formalia",  # 1
+    "formandsskift": "formandsskifte",  # 1
+    "fornemst": "fornemmest",  # 2
+    "fornuftparti": "fornuftsparti",  # 1
+    "fornuftstridig": "fornuftsstridig",  # 1
+    "fornuftvæsen": "fornuftsvæsen",  # 1
+    "fornuftægteskab": "fornuftsægteskab",  # 1
+    "forretningsministerium": "forretningsministerie",  # 1
+    "forskningsministerium": "forskningsministerie",  # 1
+    "forstudium": "forstudie",  # 1
+    "forsvarsministerium": "forsvarsministerie",  # 1
+    "frilægge": "fritlægge",  # 1
+    "frilæggelse": "fritlæggelse",  # 1
+    "frilægning": "fritlægning",  # 1
+    "fristille": "fritstille",  # 1
+    "fristilling": "fritstilling",  # 1
+    "fuldttegnet": "fuldtegnet",  # 1
+    "fødestedskriterium": "fødestedskriterie",  # 1
+    "fødevareministerium": "fødevareministerie",  # 1
+    "følesløs": "følelsesløs",  # 1
+    "følgeligt": "følgelig",  # 1
+    "førne": "førn",  # 1
+    "gearskift": "gearskifte",  # 2
+    "gladeligt": "gladelig",  # 1
+    "glosehefte": "glosehæfte",  # 1
+    "glædeløs": "glædesløs",  # 1
+    "gonoré": "gonorré",  # 1
+    "grangiveligt": "grangivelig",  # 1
+    "grundliggende": "grundlæggende",  # 2
+    "grønsag": "grøntsag",  # 2
+    "gudbenådet": "gudsbenådet",  # 1
+    "gudfader": "gudfar",  # 1
+    "gudmoder": "gudmor",  # 1
+    "gulvmop": "gulvmoppe",  # 1
+    "gymnasium": "gymnasie",  # 1
+    "hackning": "hacking",  # 1
+    "halvbroder": "halvbror",  # 1
+    "halvelvetiden": "halvellevetiden",  # 1
+    "handelsgymnasium": "handelsgymnasie",  # 1
+    "hefte": "hæfte",  # 1
+    "hefteklamme": "hæfteklamme",  # 1
+    "heftelse": "hæftelse",  # 1
+    "heftemaskine": "hæftemaskine",  # 1
+    "heftepistol": "hæftepistol",  # 1
+    "hefteplaster": "hæfteplaster",  # 1
+    "heftestraf": "hæftestraf",  # 1
+    "heftning": "hæftning",  # 1
+    "helbroder": "helbror",  # 1
+    "hjemmeklasse": "hjemklasse",  # 1
+    "hjulspin": "hjulspind",  # 1
+    "huggevåben": "hugvåben",  # 1
+    "hulmurisolering": "hulmursisolering",  # 1
+    "hurtiggående": "hurtigtgående",  # 2
+    "hurtigttørrende": "hurtigtørrende",  # 2
+    "husmoder": "husmor",  # 1
+    "hydroxyd": "hydroxid",  # 1
+    "håndmikser": "håndmixer",  # 1
+    "højtaler": "højttaler",  # 2
+    "hønemoder": "hønemor",  # 1
+    "ide": "idé",  # 2
+    "imperium": "imperie",  # 1
+    "imponerthed": "imponerethed",  # 1
+    "inbox": "indboks",  # 2
+    "indenrigsministerium": "indenrigsministerie",  # 1
+    "indhefte": "indhæfte",  # 1
+    "indheftning": "indhæftning",  # 1
+    "indicium": "indicie",  # 1
+    "indkassere": "inkassere",  # 2
+    "iota": "jota",  # 1
+    "jobskift": "jobskifte",  # 1
+    "jogurt": "yoghurt",  # 1
+    "jukeboks": "jukebox",  # 1
+    "justitsministerium": "justitsministerie",  # 1
+    "kalorifere": "kalorifer",  # 1
+    "kandidatstipendium": "kandidatstipendie",  # 1
+    "kannevas": "kanvas",  # 1
+    "kaperssauce": "kaperssovs",  # 1
+    "kigge": "kikke",  # 2
+    "kirkeministerium": "kirkeministerie",  # 1
+    "klapmydse": "klapmyds",  # 1
+    "klimakterium": "klimakterie",  # 1
+    "klogeligt": "klogelig",  # 1
+    "knivblad": "knivsblad",  # 1
+    "kollegaer": "kolleger",  # 2
+    "kollegium": "kollegie",  # 1
+    "kollegiehefte": "kollegiehæfte",  # 1
+    "kollokviumx": "kollokvium",  # 1
+    "kommissorium": "kommissorie",  # 1
+    "kompendium": "kompendie",  # 1
+    "komplicerthed": "komplicerethed",  # 1
+    "konfederation": "konføderation",  # 1
+    "konfedereret": "konfødereret",  # 1
+    "konferensstudium": "konferensstudie",  # 1
+    "konservatorium": "konservatorie",  # 1
+    "konsulere": "konsultere",  # 1
+    "kradsbørstig": "krasbørstig",  # 2
+    "kravsspecifikation": "kravspecifikation",  # 1
+    "krematorium": "krematorie",  # 1
+    "krep": "crepe",  # 1
+    "krepnylon": "crepenylon",  # 1
+    "kreppapir": "crepepapir",  # 1
+    "kricket": "cricket",  # 2
+    "kriterium": "kriterie",  # 1
+    "kroat": "kroater",  # 2
+    "kroki": "croquis",  # 1
+    "kronprinsepar": "kronprinspar",  # 2
+    "kropdoven": "kropsdoven",  # 1
+    "kroplus": "kropslus",  # 1
+    "krøllefedt": "krølfedt",  # 1
+    "kulturministerium": "kulturministerie",  # 1
+    "kuponhefte": "kuponhæfte",  # 1
+    "kvota": "kvote",  # 1
+    "kvotaordning": "kvoteordning",  # 1
+    "laboratorium": "laboratorie",  # 1
+    "laksfarve": "laksefarve",  # 1
+    "laksfarvet": "laksefarvet",  # 1
+    "laksrød": "lakserød",  # 1
+    "laksyngel": "lakseyngel",  # 1
+    "laksørred": "lakseørred",  # 1
+    "landbrugsministerium": "landbrugsministerie",  # 1
+    "landskampstemning": "landskampsstemning",  # 1
+    "langust": "languster",  # 1
+    "lappegrejer": "lappegrej",  # 1
+    "lavløn": "lavtløn",  # 1
+    "lillebroder": "lillebror",  # 1
+    "linear": "lineær",  # 1
+    "loftlampe": "loftslampe",  # 2
+    "log-in": "login",  # 1
+    "login": "log-in",  # 2
+    "lovmedholdig": "lovmedholdelig",  # 1
+    "ludder": "luder",  # 2
+    "lysholder": "lyseholder",  # 1
+    "lægeskifte": "lægeskift",  # 1
+    "lærvillig": "lærevillig",  # 1
+    "løgsauce": "løgsovs",  # 1
+    "madmoder": "madmor",  # 1
+    "majonæse": "mayonnaise",  # 1
+    "mareridtagtig": "mareridtsagtig",  # 1
+    "margen": "margin",  # 2
+    "martyrium": "martyrie",  # 1
+    "mellemstatlig": "mellemstatslig",  # 1
+    "menneskene": "menneskerne",  # 2
+    "metropolis": "metropol",  # 1
+    "miks": "mix",  # 1
+    "mikse": "mixe",  # 1
+    "miksepult": "mixerpult",  # 1
+    "mikser": "mixer",  # 1
+    "mikserpult": "mixerpult",  # 1
+    "mikslån": "mixlån",  # 1
+    "miksning": "mixning",  # 1
+    "miljøministerium": "miljøministerie",  # 1
+    "milliarddel": "milliardtedel",  # 1
+    "milliondel": "milliontedel",  # 1
+    "ministerium": "ministerie",  # 1
+    "mop": "moppe",  # 1
+    "moder": "mor",  # 2
+    "moratorium": "moratorie",  # 1
+    "morbroder": "morbror",  # 1
+    "morfader": "morfar",  # 1
+    "mormoder": "mormor",  # 1
+    "musikkonservatorium": "musikkonservatorie",  # 1
+    "muslingskal": "muslingeskal",  # 1
+    "mysterium": "mysterie",  # 1
+    "naturalieydelse": "naturalydelse",  # 1
+    "naturalieøkonomi": "naturaløkonomi",  # 1
+    "navnebroder": "navnebror",  # 1
+    "nerium": "nerie",  # 1
+    "nådeløs": "nådesløs",  # 1
+    "nærforestående": "nærtforestående",  # 1
+    "nærstående": "nærtstående",  # 1
+    "observatorium": "observatorie",  # 1
+    "oldefader": "oldefar",  # 1
+    "oldemoder": "oldemor",  # 1
+    "opgraduere": "opgradere",  # 1
+    "opgraduering": "opgradering",  # 1
+    "oratorium": "oratorie",  # 1
+    "overbookning": "overbooking",  # 1
+    "overpræsidium": "overpræsidie",  # 1
+    "overstatlig": "overstatslig",  # 1
+    "oxyd": "oxid",  # 1
+    "oxydere": "oxidere",  # 1
+    "oxydering": "oxidering",  # 1
+    "pakkenellike": "pakkenelliker",  # 1
+    "papirtynd": "papirstynd",  # 1
+    "pastoralseminarium": "pastoralseminarie",  # 1
+    "peanutsene": "peanuttene",  # 2
+    "penalhus": "pennalhus",  # 2
+    "pensakrav": "pensumkrav",  # 1
+    "pepperoni": "peperoni",  # 1
+    "peruaner": "peruvianer",  # 1
+    "petrole": "petrol",  # 1
+    "piltast": "piletast",  # 1
+    "piltaste": "piletast",  # 1
+    "planetarium": "planetarie",  # 1
+    "plasteret": "plastret",  # 2
+    "plastic": "plastik",  # 2
+    "play-off-kamp": "playoffkamp",  # 1
+    "plejefader": "plejefar",  # 1
+    "plejemoder": "plejemor",  # 1
+    "podium": "podie",  # 2
+    "praha": "prag",  # 2
+    "preciøs": "pretiøs",  # 2
+    "privilegium": "privilegie",  # 1
+    "progredere": "progrediere",  # 1
+    "præsidium": "præsidie",  # 1
+    "psykodelisk": "psykedelisk",  # 1
+    "pudsegrejer": "pudsegrej",  # 1
+    "referensgruppe": "referencegruppe",  # 1
+    "referensramme": "referenceramme",  # 1
+    "refugium": "refugie",  # 1
+    "registeret": "registret",  # 2
+    "remedium": "remedie",  # 1
+    "remiks": "remix",  # 1
+    "reservert": "reserveret",  # 1
+    "ressortministerium": "ressortministerie",  # 1
+    "ressource": "resurse",  # 2
+    "resætte": "resette",  # 1
+    "rettelig": "retteligt",  # 1
+    "rettetaste": "rettetast",  # 1
+    "returtaste": "returtast",  # 1
+    "risici": "risikoer",  # 2
+    "roll-on": "rollon",  # 1
+    "rollehefte": "rollehæfte",  # 1
+    "rostbøf": "roastbeef",  # 1
+    "rygsæksturist": "rygsækturist",  # 1
+    "rødstjært": "rødstjert",  # 1
+    "saddel": "sadel",  # 2
+    "samaritan": "samaritaner",  # 2
+    "sanatorium": "sanatorie",  # 1
+    "sauce": "sovs",  # 1
+    "scanning": "skanning",  # 2
+    "sceneskifte": "sceneskift",  # 1
+    "scilla": "skilla",  # 1
+    "sejflydende": "sejtflydende",  # 1
+    "selvstudium": "selvstudie",  # 1
+    "seminarium": "seminarie",  # 1
+    "sennepssauce": "sennepssovs ",  # 1
+    "servitutbeheftet": "servitutbehæftet",  # 1
+    "sit-in": "sitin",  # 1
+    "skatteministerium": "skatteministerie",  # 1
+    "skifer": "skiffer",  # 2
+    "skyldsfølelse": "skyldfølelse",  # 1
+    "skysauce": "skysovs",  # 1
+    "sladdertaske": "sladretaske",  # 2
+    "sladdervorn": "sladrevorn",  # 2
+    "slagsbroder": "slagsbror",  # 1
+    "slettetaste": "slettetast",  # 1
+    "smørsauce": "smørsovs",  # 1
+    "snitsel": "schnitzel",  # 1
+    "snobbeeffekt": "snobeffekt",  # 2
+    "socialministerium": "socialministerie",  # 1
+    "solarium": "solarie",  # 1
+    "soldebroder": "soldebror",  # 1
+    "spagetti": "spaghetti",  # 1
+    "spagettistrop": "spaghettistrop",  # 1
+    "spagettiwestern": "spaghettiwestern",  # 1
+    "spin-off": "spinoff",  # 1
+    "spinnefiskeri": "spindefiskeri",  # 1
+    "spolorm": "spoleorm",  # 1
+    "sproglaboratorium": "sproglaboratorie",  # 1
+    "spækbræt": "spækkebræt",  # 2
+    "stand-in": "standin",  # 1
+    "stand-up-comedy": "standupcomedy",  # 1
+    "stand-up-komiker": "standupkomiker",  # 1
+    "statsministerium": "statsministerie",  # 1
+    "stedbroder": "stedbror",  # 1
+    "stedfader": "stedfar",  # 1
+    "stedmoder": "stedmor",  # 1
+    "stilehefte": "stilehæfte",  # 1
+    "stipendium": "stipendie",  # 1
+    "stjært": "stjert",  # 1
+    "stjærthage": "stjerthage",  # 1
+    "storebroder": "storebror",  # 1
+    "stortå": "storetå",  # 1
+    "strabads": "strabadser",  # 1
+    "strømlinjet": "strømlinet",  # 1
+    "studium": "studie",  # 1
+    "stænkelap": "stænklap",  # 1
+    "sundhedsministerium": "sundhedsministerie",  # 1
+    "suppositorium": "suppositorie",  # 1
+    "svejts": "schweiz",  # 1
+    "svejtser": "schweizer",  # 1
+    "svejtserfranc": "schweizerfranc",  # 1
+    "svejtserost": "schweizerost",  # 1
+    "svejtsisk": "schweizisk",  # 1
+    "svigerfader": "svigerfar",  # 1
+    "svigermoder": "svigermor",  # 1
+    "svirebroder": "svirebror",  # 1
+    "symposium": "symposie",  # 1
+    "sælarium": "sælarie",  # 1
+    "søreme": "sørme",  # 2
+    "søterritorium": "søterritorie",  # 1
+    "t-bone-steak": "t-bonesteak",  # 1
+    "tabgivende": "tabsgivende",  # 1
+    "tabuere": "tabuisere",  # 1
+    "tabuering": "tabuisering",  # 1
+    "tackle": "takle",  # 2
+    "tackling": "takling",  # 2
+    "taifun": "tyfon",  # 1
+    "take-off": "takeoff",  # 1
+    "taknemlig": "taknemmelig",  # 2
+    "talehørelærer": "tale-høre-lærer",  # 1
+    "talehøreundervisning": "tale-høre-undervisning",  # 1
+    "tandstik": "tandstikker",  # 1
+    "tao": "dao",  # 1
+    "taoisme": "daoisme",  # 1
+    "taoist": "daoist",  # 1
+    "taoistisk": "daoistisk",  # 1
+    "taverne": "taverna",  # 1
+    "teateret": "teatret",  # 2
+    "tekno": "techno",  # 1
+    "temposkifte": "temposkift",  # 1
+    "terrarium": "terrarie",  # 1
+    "territorium": "territorie",  # 1
+    "tesis": "tese",  # 1
+    "tidsstudium": "tidsstudie",  # 1
+    "tipoldefader": "tipoldefar",  # 1
+    "tipoldemoder": "tipoldemor",  # 1
+    "tomatsauce": "tomatsovs",  # 1
+    "tonart": "toneart",  # 1
+    "trafikministerium": "trafikministerie",  # 1
+    "tredve": "tredive",  # 1
+    "tredver": "trediver",  # 1
+    "tredveårig": "trediveårig",  # 1
+    "tredveårs": "trediveårs",  # 1
+    "tredveårsfødselsdag": "trediveårsfødselsdag",  # 1
+    "tredvte": "tredivte",  # 1
+    "tredvtedel": "tredivtedel",  # 1
+    "troldunge": "troldeunge",  # 1
+    "trommestikke": "trommestik",  # 1
+    "trubadur": "troubadour",  # 2
+    "trøstepræmie": "trøstpræmie",  # 2
+    "tummerum": "trummerum",  # 1
+    "tumultuarisk": "tumultarisk",  # 1
+    "tunghørighed": "tunghørhed",  # 1
+    "tus": "tusch",  # 2
+    "tusind": "tusinde",  # 2
+    "tvillingbroder": "tvillingebror",  # 1
+    "tvillingbror": "tvillingebror",  # 1
+    "tvillingebroder": "tvillingebror",  # 1
+    "ubeheftet": "ubehæftet",  # 1
+    "udenrigsministerium": "udenrigsministerie",  # 1
+    "udhulning": "udhuling",  # 1
+    "udslaggivende": "udslagsgivende",  # 1
+    "udspekulert": "udspekuleret",  # 1
+    "udviklingsministerium": "udviklingsministerie",  # 1
+    "uforpligtigende": "uforpligtende",  # 1
+    "uheldvarslende": "uheldsvarslende",  # 1
+    "uimponerthed": "uimponerethed",  # 1
+    "undervisningsministerium": "undervisningsministerie",  # 1
+    "unægtelig": "unægteligt",  # 1
+    "urinale": "urinal",  # 1
+    "uvederheftig": "uvederhæftig",  # 1
+    "vabel": "vable",  # 2
+    "vadi": "wadi",  # 1
+    "vaklevorn": "vakkelvorn",  # 1
+    "vanadin": "vanadium",  # 1
+    "vaselin": "vaseline",  # 1
+    "vederheftig": "vederhæftig",  # 1
+    "vedhefte": "vedhæfte",  # 1
+    "velar": "velær",  # 1
+    "videndeling": "vidensdeling",  # 2
+    "vinkelanførelsestegn": "vinkelanførselstegn",  # 1
+    "vipstjært": "vipstjert",  # 1
+    "vismut": "bismut",  # 1
+    "visvas": "vissevasse",  # 1
+    "voksværk": "vokseværk",  # 1
+    "værtdyr": "værtsdyr",  # 1
+    "værtplante": "værtsplante",  # 1
+    "wienersnitsel": "wienerschnitzel",  # 1
+    "yderliggående": "yderligtgående",  # 2
+    "zombi": "zombie",  # 1
+    "ægbakke": "æggebakke",  # 1
+    "ægformet": "æggeformet",  # 1
+    "ægleder": "æggeleder",  # 1
+    "ækvilibrist": "ekvilibrist",  # 2
+    "æselsøre": "æseløre",  # 1
+    "øjehule": "øjenhule",  # 1
+    "øjelåg": "øjenlåg",  # 1
+    "øjeåbner": "øjenåbner",  # 1
+    "økonomiministerium": "økonomiministerie",  # 1
+    "ørenring": "ørering",  # 2
+    "øvehefte": "øvehæfte"  # 1
+}
+
+
+NORM_EXCEPTIONS = {}
+
+for string, norm in _exc.items():
+    NORM_EXCEPTIONS[string] = norm
+    NORM_EXCEPTIONS[string.title()] = norm
diff --git a/spacy/lang/da/tokenizer_exceptions.py b/spacy/lang/da/tokenizer_exceptions.py
index c67c038bf..584ccf6f9 100644
--- a/spacy/lang/da/tokenizer_exceptions.py
+++ b/spacy/lang/da/tokenizer_exceptions.py
@@ -1,32 +1,134 @@
 # encoding: utf8
+"""
+Tokenizer Exceptions.
+Source: https://forkortelse.dk/ and various others.
+"""
+
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
-from ...symbols import ORTH, LEMMA, NORM
+from ...symbols import ORTH, LEMMA, NORM, TAG, PUNCT
 
 
 _exc = {}
 
+# Abbreviations for weekdays "søn." (for "søndag") as well as "Tor." and "Tors."
+# (for "torsdag") are left out because they are ambiguous. The same is the case
+# for abbreviations "jul." and "Jul." ("juli").
 for exc_data in [
-    {ORTH: "Kbh.", LEMMA: "København", NORM: "København"},
-    {ORTH: "Jan.", LEMMA: "januar", NORM: "januar"},
-    {ORTH: "Feb.", LEMMA: "februar", NORM: "februar"},
-    {ORTH: "Mar.", LEMMA: "marts", NORM: "marts"},
-    {ORTH: "Apr.", LEMMA: "april", NORM: "april"},
-    {ORTH: "Maj.", LEMMA: "maj", NORM: "maj"},
-    {ORTH: "Jun.", LEMMA: "juni", NORM: "juni"},
-    {ORTH: "Jul.", LEMMA: "juli", NORM: "juli"},
-    {ORTH: "Aug.", LEMMA: "august", NORM: "august"},
-    {ORTH: "Sep.", LEMMA: "september", NORM: "september"},
-    {ORTH: "Okt.", LEMMA: "oktober", NORM: "oktober"},
-    {ORTH: "Nov.", LEMMA: "november", NORM: "november"},
-    {ORTH: "Dec.", LEMMA: "december", NORM: "december"}]:
+        {ORTH: "Kbh.", LEMMA: "København", NORM: "København"},
+        {ORTH: "jan.", LEMMA: "januar"},
+        {ORTH: "febr.", LEMMA: "februar"},
+        {ORTH: "feb.", LEMMA: "februar"},
+        {ORTH: "mar.", LEMMA: "marts"},
+        {ORTH: "apr.", LEMMA: "april"},
+        {ORTH: "jun.", LEMMA: "juni"},
+        {ORTH: "aug.", LEMMA: "august"},
+        {ORTH: "sept.", LEMMA: "september"},
+        {ORTH: "sep.", LEMMA: "september"},
+        {ORTH: "okt.", LEMMA: "oktober"},
+        {ORTH: "nov.", LEMMA: "november"},
+        {ORTH: "dec.", LEMMA: "december"},
+        {ORTH: "man.", LEMMA: "mandag"},
+        {ORTH: "tirs.", LEMMA: "tirsdag"},
+        {ORTH: "ons.", LEMMA: "onsdag"},
+        {ORTH: "tor.", LEMMA: "torsdag"},
+        {ORTH: "tors.", LEMMA: "torsdag"},
+        {ORTH: "fre.", LEMMA: "fredag"},
+        {ORTH: "lør.", LEMMA: "lørdag"},
+        {ORTH: "Jan.", LEMMA: "januar"},
+        {ORTH: "Febr.", LEMMA: "februar"},
+        {ORTH: "Feb.", LEMMA: "februar"},
+        {ORTH: "Mar.", LEMMA: "marts"},
+        {ORTH: "Apr.", LEMMA: "april"},
+        {ORTH: "Jun.", LEMMA: "juni"},
+        {ORTH: "Aug.", LEMMA: "august"},
+        {ORTH: "Sept.", LEMMA: "september"},
+        {ORTH: "Sep.", LEMMA: "september"},
+        {ORTH: "Okt.", LEMMA: "oktober"},
+        {ORTH: "Nov.", LEMMA: "november"},
+        {ORTH: "Dec.", LEMMA: "december"},
+        {ORTH: "Man.", LEMMA: "mandag"},
+        {ORTH: "Tirs.", LEMMA: "tirsdag"},
+        {ORTH: "Ons.", LEMMA: "onsdag"},
+        {ORTH: "Fre.", LEMMA: "fredag"},
+        {ORTH: "Lør.", LEMMA: "lørdag"}]:
     _exc[exc_data[ORTH]] = [exc_data]
 
 for orth in [
-    "A/S", "beg.", "bl.a.", "ca.", "d.s.s.", "dvs.", "f.eks.", "fr.", "hhv.",
-    "if.", "iflg.", "m.a.o.", "mht.", "min.", "osv.", "pga.", "resp.", "self.",
-    "t.o.m.", "vha.", ""]:
+        "A.D.", "A/S", "aarh.", "ac.", "adj.", "adr.", "adsk.", "adv.", "afb.",
+        "afd.", "afg.", "afk.", "afs.", "aht.", "alg.", "alk.", "alm.", "amer.",
+        "ang.", "ank.", "anl.", "anv.", "arb.", "arr.", "att.", "B.C.", "bd.",
+        "bdt.", "beg.", "begr.", "beh.", "bet.", "bev.", "bhk.", "bib.",
+        "bibl.", "bidr.", "bildl.", "bill.", "bio.", "biol.", "bk.", "BK.",
+        "bl.", "bl.a.", "borgm.", "bot.", "Boul.", "br.", "brolægn.", "bto.",
+        "bygn.", "ca.", "cand.", "Chr.", "d.", "d.d.", "d.m.", "d.s.", "d.s.s.",
+        "d.y.", "d.å.", "d.æ.", "da.", "dagl.", "dat.", "dav.", "def.", "dek.",
+        "dep.", "desl.", "diam.", "dir.", "disp.", "distr.", "div.", "dkr.",
+        "dl.", "do.", "dobb.", "Dr.", "dr.h.c", "Dronn.", "ds.", "dvs.", "e.b.",
+        "e.l.", "e.o.", "e.v.t.", "eftf.", "eftm.", "eg.", "egl.", "eks.",
+        "eksam.", "ekskl.", "eksp.", "ekspl.", "el.", "el.lign.", "emer.",
+        "endv.", "eng.", "enk.", "etc.", "etym.", "eur.", "evt.", "exam.", "f.",
+        "f.eks.", "f.m.", "f.n.", "f.o.", "f.o.m.", "f.s.v.", "f.t.", "f.v.t.",
+        "f.å.", "fa.", "fakt.", "fam.", "fem.", "ff.", "fg.", "fhv.", "fig.",
+        "filol.", "filos.", "fl.", "flg.", "fm.", "fmd.", "fol.", "forb.",
+        "foreg.", "foren.", "forf.", "fork.", "form.", "forr.", "fors.",
+        "forsk.", "forts.", "fr.", "fr.u.", "frk.", "fsva.", "fuldm.", "fung.",
+        "fx.", "fys.", "fær.", "g.d.", "g.m.", "gd.", "gdr.", "genuds.", "gl.",
+        "gn.", "gns.", "gr.", "grdl.", "gross.", "h.a.", "h.c.", "H.K.H.",
+        "H.M.", "hdl.", "henv.", "Hf.", "hhv.", "hj.hj.", "hj.spl.", "hort.",
+        "hosp.", "hpl.", "Hr.", "hr.", "hrs.", "hum.", "hvp.", "i/s", "I/S",
+        "i.e.", "ib.", "id.", "if.", "iflg.", "ifm.", "ift.", "iht.", "ill.",
+        "indb.", "indreg.", "inf.", "ing.", "inh.", "inj.", "inkl.", "insp.",
+        "instr.", "isl.", "istf.", "it.", "ital.", "iv.", "jap.", "jf.", "jfr.",
+        "jnr.", "j.nr.", "jr.", "jur.", "jvf.", "K.", "kap.", "kat.", "kbh.",
+        "kem.", "kgl.", "kl.", "kld.", "knsp.", "komm.", "kons.", "korr.",
+        "kp.", "Kprs.", "kr.", "kst.", "kt.", "ktr.", "kv.", "kvt.", "l.",
+        "L.A.", "l.c.", "lab.", "lat.", "lb.m.", "lb.nr.", "lejl.", "lgd.",
+        "lic.", "lign.", "lin.", "ling.merc.", "litt.", "Ll.", "loc.cit.",
+        "lok.", "lrs.", "ltr.", "m/s", "M/S", "m.a.o.", "m.fl.", "m.m.", "m.v.",
+        "m.v.h.", "Mag.", "maks.", "md.", "mdr.", "mdtl.", "mezz.", "mfl.",
+        "m.h.p.", "m.h.t", "mht.", "mik.", "min.", "mio.", "modt.", "Mr.",
+        "mrk.", "mul.", "mv.", "n.br.", "n.f.", "nat.", "nb.", "Ndr.",
+        "nedenst.", "nl.", "nr.", "Nr.", "nto.", "nuv.", "o/m", "o.a.", "o.fl.",
+        "o.h.", "o.l.", "o.lign.", "o.m.a.", "o.s.fr.", "obl.", "obs.",
+        "odont.", "oecon.", "off.", "ofl.", "omg.", "omkr.", "omr.", "omtr.",
+        "opg.", "opl.", "opr.", "org.", "orig.", "osv.", "ovenst.", "overs.",
+        "ovf.", "p.", "p.a.", "p.b.a", "p.b.v", "p.c.", "p.m.", "p.m.v.",
+        "p.n.", "p.p.", "p.p.s.", "p.s.", "p.t.", "p.v.a.", "p.v.c.", "pag.",
+        "par.", "Pas.", "pass.", "pcs.", "pct.", "pd.", "pens.", "pers.",
+        "pft.", "pg.", "pga.", "pgl.", "Ph.d.", "pinx.", "pk.", "pkt.",
+        "polit.", "polyt.", "pos.", "pp.", "ppm.", "pr.", "prc.", "priv.",
+        "prod.", "prof.", "pron.", "Prs.", "præd.", "præf.", "præt.", "psych.",
+        "pt.", "pæd.", "q.e.d.", "rad.", "Rcp.", "red.", "ref.", "reg.",
+        "regn.", "rel.", "rep.", "repr.", "resp.", "rest.", "rm.", "rtg.",
+        "russ.", "s.", "s.br.", "s.d.", "s.f.", "s.m.b.a.", "s.u.", "s.å.",
+        "sa.", "sb.", "sc.", "scient.", "scil.", "Sdr.", "sek.", "sekr.",
+        "self.", "sem.", "sen.", "shj.", "sign.", "sing.", "sj.", "skr.",
+        "Skt.", "slutn.", "sml.", "smp.", "sms.", "snr.", "soc.", "soc.dem.",
+        "sort.", "sp.", "spec.", "Spl.", "spm.", "spr.", "spsk.", "statsaut.",
+        "st.", "stk.", "str.", "stud.", "subj.", "subst.", "suff.", "sup.",
+        "suppl.", "sv.", "såk.", "sædv.", "sø.", "t/r", "t.", "t.h.", "t.o.",
+        "t.o.m.", "t.v.", "tab.", "tbl.", "tcp/ip", "td.", "tdl.", "tdr.",
+        "techn.", "tekn.", "temp.", "th.", "theol.", "ti.", "tidl.", "tilf.",
+        "tilh.", "till.", "tilsv.", "tjg.", "tkr.", "tlf.", "tlgr.", "to.",
+        "tr.", "trp.", "tsk.", "tv.", "ty.", "u/b", "udb.", "udbet.", "ugtl.",
+        "undt.", "v.", "v.f.", "var.", "vb.", "vedk.", "vedl.", "vedr.",
+        "vejl.", "Vg.", "vh.", "vha.", "vs.", "vsa.", "vær.", "zool.", "ø.lgd.",
+        "øv.", "øvr.", "årg.", "årh.", ""]:
     _exc[orth] = [{ORTH: orth}]
 
+# Dates
+for h in range(1, 31 + 1):
+    for period in ["."]:
+        _exc["%d%s" % (h, period)] = [
+            {ORTH: "%d." % h}]
+
+_custom_base_exc = {
+    "i.": [
+        {ORTH: "i", LEMMA: "i", NORM: "i"},
+        {ORTH: ".", TAG: PUNCT}]
+}
+_exc.update(_custom_base_exc)
+
 
 TOKENIZER_EXCEPTIONS = _exc
diff --git a/spacy/lang/nl/examples.py b/spacy/lang/nl/examples.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a1290728
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/lang/nl/examples.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# coding: utf8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+
+"""
+Example sentences to test spaCy and its language models.
+
+>>> from spacy.lang.nl.examples import sentences
+>>> docs = nlp.pipe(sentences)
+"""
+
+
+examples = [
+    "Apple overweegt om voor 1 miljard een U.K. startup te kopen",
+    "Autonome auto's verschuiven de verzekeringverantwoordelijkheid naar producenten",
+    "San Francisco overweegt robots op voetpaden te verbieden",
+    "Londen is een grote stad in het Verenigd Koninkrijk"
+]
diff --git a/spacy/lang/ru/__init__.py b/spacy/lang/ru/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..898b48348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/lang/ru/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# encoding: utf8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
+
+from .stop_words import STOP_WORDS
+from .tokenizer_exceptions import TOKENIZER_EXCEPTIONS
+from .norm_exceptions import NORM_EXCEPTIONS
+from .lex_attrs import LEX_ATTRS
+from .tag_map import TAG_MAP
+from .lemmatizer import RussianLemmatizer
+
+from ..tokenizer_exceptions import BASE_EXCEPTIONS
+from ..norm_exceptions import BASE_NORMS
+from ...util import update_exc, add_lookups
+from ...language import Language
+from ...attrs import LANG, LIKE_NUM, NORM
+
+
+class RussianDefaults(Language.Defaults):
+    lex_attr_getters = dict(Language.Defaults.lex_attr_getters)
+    lex_attr_getters.update(LEX_ATTRS)
+    lex_attr_getters[LANG] = lambda text: 'ru'
+    lex_attr_getters[NORM] = add_lookups(Language.Defaults.lex_attr_getters[NORM],
+                                         BASE_NORMS, NORM_EXCEPTIONS)
+    tokenizer_exceptions = update_exc(BASE_EXCEPTIONS, TOKENIZER_EXCEPTIONS)
+    stop_words = STOP_WORDS
+    tag_map = TAG_MAP
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_lemmatizer(cls, nlp=None):
+        return RussianLemmatizer()
+
+
+class Russian(Language):
+    lang = 'ru'
+    Defaults = RussianDefaults
+
+
+__all__ = ['Russian']
diff --git a/spacy/lang/ru/lemmatizer.py b/spacy/lang/ru/lemmatizer.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ea6255d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/lang/ru/lemmatizer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+# coding: utf8
+from ...symbols import (
+    ADJ, DET, NOUN, NUM, PRON, PROPN, PUNCT, VERB, POS
+)
+from ...lemmatizer import Lemmatizer
+
+
+class RussianLemmatizer(Lemmatizer):
+    _morph = None
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(RussianLemmatizer, self).__init__()
+        try:
+            from pymorphy2 import MorphAnalyzer
+        except ImportError:
+            raise ImportError(
+                'The Russian lemmatizer requires the pymorphy2 library: '
+                'try to fix it with "pip install pymorphy2==0.8"')
+
+        if RussianLemmatizer._morph is None:
+            RussianLemmatizer._morph = MorphAnalyzer()
+
+    def __call__(self, string, univ_pos, morphology=None):
+        univ_pos = self.normalize_univ_pos(univ_pos)
+        if univ_pos == 'PUNCT':
+            return [PUNCT_RULES.get(string, string)]
+
+        if univ_pos not in ('ADJ', 'DET', 'NOUN', 'NUM', 'PRON', 'PROPN', 'VERB'):
+            # Skip unchangeable pos
+            return [string.lower()]
+
+        analyses = self._morph.parse(string)
+        filtered_analyses = []
+        for analysis in analyses:
+            if not analysis.is_known:
+                # Skip suggested parse variant for unknown word for pymorphy
+                continue
+            analysis_pos, _ = oc2ud(str(analysis.tag))
+            if analysis_pos == univ_pos \
+                    or (analysis_pos in ('NOUN', 'PROPN') and univ_pos in ('NOUN', 'PROPN')):
+                filtered_analyses.append(analysis)
+
+        if not len(filtered_analyses):
+            return [string.lower()]
+        if morphology is None or (len(morphology) == 1 and POS in morphology):
+            return list(set([analysis.normal_form for analysis in filtered_analyses]))
+
+        if univ_pos in ('ADJ', 'DET', 'NOUN', 'PROPN'):
+            features_to_compare = ['Case', 'Number', 'Gender']
+        elif univ_pos == 'NUM':
+            features_to_compare = ['Case', 'Gender']
+        elif univ_pos == 'PRON':
+            features_to_compare = ['Case', 'Number', 'Gender', 'Person']
+        else:  # VERB
+            features_to_compare = ['Aspect', 'Gender', 'Mood', 'Number', 'Tense', 'VerbForm', 'Voice']
+
+        analyses, filtered_analyses = filtered_analyses, []
+        for analysis in analyses:
+            _, analysis_morph = oc2ud(str(analysis.tag))
+            for feature in features_to_compare:
+                if (feature in morphology and feature in analysis_morph
+                        and morphology[feature] != analysis_morph[feature]):
+                    break
+            else:
+                filtered_analyses.append(analysis)
+
+        if not len(filtered_analyses):
+            return [string.lower()]
+        return list(set([analysis.normal_form for analysis in filtered_analyses]))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def normalize_univ_pos(univ_pos):
+        if isinstance(univ_pos, str):
+            return univ_pos.upper()
+
+        symbols_to_str = {
+            ADJ: 'ADJ',
+            DET: 'DET',
+            NOUN: 'NOUN',
+            NUM: 'NUM',
+            PRON: 'PRON',
+            PROPN: 'PROPN',
+            PUNCT: 'PUNCT',
+            VERB: 'VERB'
+        }
+        if univ_pos in symbols_to_str:
+            return symbols_to_str[univ_pos]
+        return None
+
+    def is_base_form(self, univ_pos, morphology=None):
+        # TODO
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def det(self, string, morphology=None):
+        return self(string, 'det', morphology)
+
+    def num(self, string, morphology=None):
+        return self(string, 'num', morphology)
+
+    def pron(self, string, morphology=None):
+        return self(string, 'pron', morphology)
+
+    def lookup(self, string):
+        analyses = self._morph.parse(string)
+        if len(analyses) == 1:
+            return analyses[0].normal_form
+        return string
+
+
+def oc2ud(oc_tag):
+    gram_map = {
+        '_POS': {
+            'ADJF': 'ADJ',
+            'ADJS': 'ADJ',
+            'ADVB': 'ADV',
+            'Apro': 'DET',
+            'COMP': 'ADJ',  # Can also be an ADV - unchangeable
+            'CONJ': 'CCONJ',  # Can also be a SCONJ - both unchangeable ones
+            'GRND': 'VERB',
+            'INFN': 'VERB',
+            'INTJ': 'INTJ',
+            'NOUN': 'NOUN',
+            'NPRO': 'PRON',
+            'NUMR': 'NUM',
+            'NUMB': 'NUM',
+            'PNCT': 'PUNCT',
+            'PRCL': 'PART',
+            'PREP': 'ADP',
+            'PRTF': 'VERB',
+            'PRTS': 'VERB',
+            'VERB': 'VERB',
+        },
+        'Animacy': {
+            'anim': 'Anim',
+            'inan': 'Inan',
+        },
+        'Aspect': {
+            'impf': 'Imp',
+            'perf': 'Perf',
+        },
+        'Case': {
+            'ablt': 'Ins',
+            'accs': 'Acc',
+            'datv': 'Dat',
+            'gen1': 'Gen',
+            'gen2': 'Gen',
+            'gent': 'Gen',
+            'loc2': 'Loc',
+            'loct': 'Loc',
+            'nomn': 'Nom',
+            'voct': 'Voc',
+        },
+        'Degree': {
+            'COMP': 'Cmp',
+            'Supr': 'Sup',
+        },
+        'Gender': {
+            'femn': 'Fem',
+            'masc': 'Masc',
+            'neut': 'Neut',
+        },
+        'Mood': {
+            'impr': 'Imp',
+            'indc': 'Ind',
+        },
+        'Number': {
+            'plur': 'Plur',
+            'sing': 'Sing',
+        },
+        'NumForm': {
+            'NUMB': 'Digit',
+        },
+        'Person': {
+            '1per': '1',
+            '2per': '2',
+            '3per': '3',
+            'excl': '2',
+            'incl': '1',
+        },
+        'Tense': {
+            'futr': 'Fut',
+            'past': 'Past',
+            'pres': 'Pres',
+        },
+        'Variant': {
+            'ADJS': 'Brev',
+            'PRTS': 'Brev',
+        },
+        'VerbForm': {
+            'GRND': 'Conv',
+            'INFN': 'Inf',
+            'PRTF': 'Part',
+            'PRTS': 'Part',
+            'VERB': 'Fin',
+        },
+        'Voice': {
+            'actv': 'Act',
+            'pssv': 'Pass',
+        },
+        'Abbr': {
+            'Abbr': 'Yes'
+        }
+    }
+
+    pos = 'X'
+    morphology = dict()
+    unmatched = set()
+
+    grams = oc_tag.replace(' ', ',').split(',')
+    for gram in grams:
+        match = False
+        for categ, gmap in sorted(gram_map.items()):
+            if gram in gmap:
+                match = True
+                if categ == '_POS':
+                    pos = gmap[gram]
+                else:
+                    morphology[categ] = gmap[gram]
+        if not match:
+            unmatched.add(gram)
+
+    while len(unmatched) > 0:
+        gram = unmatched.pop()
+        if gram in ('Name', 'Patr', 'Surn', 'Geox', 'Orgn'):
+            pos = 'PROPN'
+        elif gram == 'Auxt':
+            pos = 'AUX'
+        elif gram == 'Pltm':
+            morphology['Number'] = 'Ptan'
+
+    return pos, morphology
+
+
+PUNCT_RULES = {
+    "«": "\"",
+    "»": "\""
+}
diff --git a/spacy/lang/ru/lex_attrs.py b/spacy/lang/ru/lex_attrs.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e44525743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/lang/ru/lex_attrs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# coding: utf8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from ...attrs import LIKE_NUM
+
+
+_num_words = [
+    'ноль', 'один', 'два', 'три', 'четыре', 'пять', 'шесть', 'семь', 'восемь', 'девять',
+
+    'десять', 'одиннадцать', 'двенадцать', 'тринадцать', 'четырнадцать',
+    'пятнадцать', 'шестнадцать', 'семнадцать', 'восемнадцать', 'девятнадцать',
+
+    'двадцать', 'тридцать', 'сорок', 'пятьдесят', 'шестьдесят', 'семьдесят', 'восемьдесят', 'девяносто',
+
+    'сто', 'двести', 'триста', 'четыреста', 'пятьсот', 'шестьсот', 'семьсот', 'восемьсот', 'девятьсот',
+
+    'тысяча', 'миллион', 'миллиард', 'триллион', 'квадриллион', 'квинтиллион']
+
+
+def like_num(text):
+    text = text.replace(',', '').replace('.', '')
+    if text.isdigit():
+        return True
+    if text.count('/') == 1:
+        num, denom = text.split('/')
+        if num.isdigit() and denom.isdigit():
+            return True
+    if text in _num_words:
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+LEX_ATTRS = {
+    LIKE_NUM: like_num
+}
diff --git a/spacy/lang/ru/norm_exceptions.py b/spacy/lang/ru/norm_exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53f48a8d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/lang/ru/norm_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# coding: utf8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+
+_exc = {
+    # Slang
+    'прив': 'привет',
+    'ща': 'сейчас',
+    'спс': 'спасибо',
+    'пжлст': 'пожалуйста',
+    'плиз': 'пожалуйста',
+    'лан': 'ладно',
+    'ясн': 'ясно',
+    'всм': 'всмысле',
+    'хош': 'хочешь',
+    'оч': 'очень'
+}
+
+
+NORM_EXCEPTIONS = {}
+
+for string, norm in _exc.items():
+    NORM_EXCEPTIONS[string] = norm
+    NORM_EXCEPTIONS[string.title()] = norm
diff --git a/spacy/lang/ru/stop_words.py b/spacy/lang/ru/stop_words.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ddb28af86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/lang/ru/stop_words.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# encoding: utf8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+
+STOP_WORDS = set("""
+а
+
+будем будет будете будешь буду будут будучи будь будьте бы был была были было
+быть
+
+в вам вами вас весь во вот все всё всего всей всем всём всеми всему всех всею
+всея всю вся вы
+
+да для до
+
+его едим едят ее её ей ел ела ем ему емъ если ест есть ешь еще ещё ею
+
+же
+
+за
+
+и из или им ими имъ их
+
+к как кем ко когда кого ком кому комья которая которого которое которой котором
+которому которою которую которые который которым которыми которых кто
+
+меня мне мной мною мог моги могите могла могли могло могу могут мое моё моего
+моей моем моём моему моею можем может можете можешь мои мой моим моими моих
+мочь мою моя мы
+
+на нам нами нас наса наш наша наше нашего нашей нашем нашему нашею наши нашим
+нашими наших нашу не него нее неё ней нем нём нему нет нею ним ними них но
+
+о об один одна одни одним одними одних одно одного одной одном одному одною
+одну он она оне они оно от
+
+по при
+
+с сам сама сами самим самими самих само самого самом самому саму свое своё
+своего своей своем своём своему своею свои свой своим своими своих свою своя
+себе себя собой собою
+
+та так такая такие таким такими таких такого такое такой таком такому такою
+такую те тебе тебя тем теми тех то тобой тобою того той только том томах тому
+тот тою ту ты
+
+у уже
+
+чего чем чём чему что чтобы
+
+эта эти этим этими этих это этого этой этом этому этот этою эту
+
+я
+""".split())
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/spacy/lang/ru/tag_map.py b/spacy/lang/ru/tag_map.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1369a9dbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/lang/ru/tag_map.py
@@ -0,0 +1,731 @@
+# coding: utf8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from ...symbols import (
+    POS, PUNCT, SYM, ADJ, NUM, DET, ADV, ADP, X, VERB, NOUN, PROPN, PART, INTJ, SPACE, PRON, SCONJ, AUX, CONJ, CCONJ
+)
+
+TAG_MAP = {
+    'ADJ__Animacy=Anim|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Animacy': 'Anim', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Gender': 'Masc', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Animacy=Anim|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur': {POS: ADJ, 'Animacy': 'Anim', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Number': 'Plur'},
+    'ADJ__Animacy=Anim|Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Animacy': 'Anim', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Degree': 'Sup', 'Gender': 'Masc', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur': {POS: ADJ, 'Animacy': 'Anim', 'Case': 'Nom', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Number': 'Plur'},
+    'ADJ__Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Animacy': 'Inan', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Gender': 'Masc', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Animacy': 'Inan', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Gender': 'Neut', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur': {POS: ADJ, 'Animacy': 'Inan', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Number': 'Plur'},
+    'ADJ__Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Animacy': 'Inan', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Degree': 'Sup', 'Gender': 'Masc', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Number=Plur': {POS: ADJ, 'Animacy': 'Inan', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Degree': 'Sup', 'Number': 'Plur'},
+    'ADJ__Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Animacy': 'Inan', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Gender': 'Fem', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Animacy': 'Inan', 'Case': 'Nom', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Gender': 'Fem', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Acc', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Gender': 'Fem', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Acc', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Gender': 'Neut', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Acc', 'Degree': 'Sup', 'Gender': 'Fem', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Acc', 'Degree': 'Sup', 'Gender': 'Neut', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Dat', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Gender': 'Fem', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Dat', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Gender': 'Masc', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Dat', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Gender': 'Neut', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Dat', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Number': 'Plur'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Dat|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Dat', 'Degree': 'Sup', 'Gender': 'Masc', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Dat|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Dat', 'Degree': 'Sup', 'Gender': 'Neut', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Dat|Degree=Sup|Number=Plur': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Dat', 'Degree': 'Sup', 'Number': 'Plur'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Gen', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Gender': 'Fem', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Variant=Short': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Gen', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Gender': 'Fem', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Variant': 'Short'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Gen', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Gender': 'Masc', 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'ADJ__Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing': {POS: ADJ, 'Case': 'Gen', 'Degree': 'Pos', 'Gender': 'Neut', 'Number': 'Sing'},
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+    'PROPN__Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing': {POS: PROPN, 'Animacy': 'Anim', 'Gender': 'Masc', 'Number': 'Sing'},
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+    'PROPN__Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing': {POS: PROPN, 'Animacy': 'Inan', 'Case': 'Dat', 'Gender': 'Masc', 'Number': 'Sing'},
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+    'PROPN__Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem': {POS: PROPN, 'Animacy': 'Inan', 'Gender': 'Fem'},
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+    'PROPN__Number=Sing': {POS: PROPN, 'Number': 'Sing'},
+    'PROPN___': {POS: PROPN},
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+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Variant=Short|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Gender': 'Fem', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Tense': 'Past', 'Variant': 'Short', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Pass'},
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+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Variant=Short|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Gender': 'Neut', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'Variant': 'Short', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Pass'},
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+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Plur', 'Person': '1', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Mid'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Plur', 'Person': '2', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Act'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Plur', 'Person': '2', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Mid'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Plur', 'Person': '3', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Act'},
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+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Plur', 'Person': '3', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Pass'},
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+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Plur', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Mid'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Plur', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Pass'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Person': '1', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Act'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Person': '1', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Mid'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Person': '2', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Act'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Person': '2', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Mid'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Person': '3', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Act'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Person': '3', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Mid'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Person': '3', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Pass'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Variant=Short|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Number': 'Plur', 'Tense': 'Past', 'Variant': 'Short', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Pass'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Variant=Short|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Number': 'Plur', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'Variant': 'Short', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Pass'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Conv|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Conv', 'Voice': 'Act'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Conv|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Conv', 'Voice': 'Act'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Conv|Voice=Mid': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Conv', 'Voice': 'Mid'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Conv|Voice=Pass': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'Tense': 'Pres', 'VerbForm': 'Conv', 'Voice': 'Pass'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'VerbForm': 'Inf', 'Voice': 'Act'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'VerbForm': 'Inf', 'Voice': 'Mid'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Imp', 'VerbForm': 'Inf', 'Voice': 'Pass'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Gender': 'Fem', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Act'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Gender': 'Fem', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Mid'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Gender': 'Fem', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Pass'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Gender': 'Neut', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Act'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Gender': 'Neut', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Mid'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Case': 'Acc', 'Gender': 'Neut', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Pass'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Case': 'Dat', 'Gender': 'Fem', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Act'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Case': 'Dat', 'Gender': 'Fem', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Mid'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Case': 'Dat', 'Gender': 'Fem', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Pass'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Case': 'Dat', 'Gender': 'Masc', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Act'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Case': 'Dat', 'Gender': 'Masc', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Mid'},
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+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Mood': 'Ind', 'Number': 'Sing', 'Person': '1', 'Tense': 'Fut', 'VerbForm': 'Fin', 'Voice': 'Act'},
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+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Variant=Short|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Number': 'Plur', 'Tense': 'Past', 'Variant': 'Short', 'VerbForm': 'Part', 'Voice': 'Pass'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Conv|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Conv', 'Voice': 'Act'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Conv|Voice=Mid': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'Tense': 'Past', 'VerbForm': 'Conv', 'Voice': 'Mid'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'VerbForm': 'Inf', 'Voice': 'Act'},
+    'VERB__Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid': {POS: VERB, 'Aspect': 'Perf', 'VerbForm': 'Inf', 'Voice': 'Mid'},
+    'VERB__Voice=Act': {POS: VERB, 'Voice': 'Act'},
+    'VERB___': {POS: VERB},
+    'X__Foreign=Yes': {POS: X, 'Foreign': 'Yes'},
+    'X___': {POS: X},
+}
diff --git a/spacy/lang/ru/tokenizer_exceptions.py b/spacy/lang/ru/tokenizer_exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9a8e1e6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/lang/ru/tokenizer_exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# encoding: utf8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from ...symbols import ORTH, LEMMA, NORM
+
+
+_exc = {}
+
+_abbrev_exc = [
+    # Weekdays abbreviations
+    {ORTH: "пн", LEMMA: "понедельник", NORM: "понедельник"},
+    {ORTH: "вт", LEMMA: "вторник", NORM: "вторник"},
+    {ORTH: "ср", LEMMA: "среда", NORM: "среда"},
+    {ORTH: "чт", LEMMA: "четверг", NORM: "четверг"},
+    {ORTH: "чтв", LEMMA: "четверг", NORM: "четверг"},
+    {ORTH: "пт", LEMMA: "пятница", NORM: "пятница"},
+    {ORTH: "сб", LEMMA: "суббота", NORM: "суббота"},
+    {ORTH: "сбт", LEMMA: "суббота", NORM: "суббота"},
+    {ORTH: "вс", LEMMA: "воскресенье", NORM: "воскресенье"},
+    {ORTH: "вскр", LEMMA: "воскресенье", NORM: "воскресенье"},
+    {ORTH: "воскр", LEMMA: "воскресенье", NORM: "воскресенье"},
+
+    # Months abbreviations
+    {ORTH: "янв", LEMMA: "январь", NORM: "январь"},
+    {ORTH: "фев", LEMMA: "февраль", NORM: "февраль"},
+    {ORTH: "февр", LEMMA: "февраль", NORM: "февраль"},
+    {ORTH: "мар", LEMMA: "март", NORM: "март"},
+    # {ORTH: "март", LEMMA: "март", NORM: "март"},
+    {ORTH: "мрт", LEMMA: "март", NORM: "март"},
+    {ORTH: "апр", LEMMA: "апрель", NORM: "апрель"},
+    # {ORTH: "май", LEMMA: "май", NORM: "май"},
+    {ORTH: "июн", LEMMA: "июнь", NORM: "июнь"},
+    # {ORTH: "июнь", LEMMA: "июнь", NORM: "июнь"},
+    {ORTH: "июл", LEMMA: "июль", NORM: "июль"},
+    # {ORTH: "июль", LEMMA: "июль", NORM: "июль"},
+    {ORTH: "авг", LEMMA: "август", NORM: "август"},
+    {ORTH: "сен", LEMMA: "сентябрь", NORM: "сентябрь"},
+    {ORTH: "сент", LEMMA: "сентябрь", NORM: "сентябрь"},
+    {ORTH: "окт", LEMMA: "октябрь", NORM: "октябрь"},
+    {ORTH: "октб", LEMMA: "октябрь", NORM: "октябрь"},
+    {ORTH: "ноя", LEMMA: "ноябрь", NORM: "ноябрь"},
+    {ORTH: "нояб", LEMMA: "ноябрь", NORM: "ноябрь"},
+    {ORTH: "нбр", LEMMA: "ноябрь", NORM: "ноябрь"},
+    {ORTH: "дек", LEMMA: "декабрь", NORM: "декабрь"},
+]
+
+
+for abbrev_desc in _abbrev_exc:
+    abbrev = abbrev_desc[ORTH]
+    for orth in (abbrev, abbrev.capitalize(), abbrev.upper()):
+        _exc[orth] = [{ORTH: orth, LEMMA: abbrev_desc[LEMMA], NORM: abbrev_desc[NORM]}]
+        _exc[orth + '.'] = [{ORTH: orth + '.', LEMMA: abbrev_desc[LEMMA], NORM: abbrev_desc[NORM]}]
+
+
+_slang_exc = [
+    {ORTH: '2к15', LEMMA: '2015', NORM: '2015'},
+    {ORTH: '2к16', LEMMA: '2016', NORM: '2016'},
+    {ORTH: '2к17', LEMMA: '2017', NORM: '2017'},
+    {ORTH: '2к18', LEMMA: '2018', NORM: '2018'},
+    {ORTH: '2к19', LEMMA: '2019', NORM: '2019'},
+    {ORTH: '2к20', LEMMA: '2020', NORM: '2020'},
+]
+
+for slang_desc in _slang_exc:
+    _exc[slang_desc[ORTH]] = [slang_desc]
+
+
+TOKENIZER_EXCEPTIONS = _exc
diff --git a/spacy/language.py b/spacy/language.py
index cacce85c7..ec0c5d68f 100644
--- a/spacy/language.py
+++ b/spacy/language.py
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class Language(object):
         self._meta.setdefault('lang', self.vocab.lang)
         self._meta.setdefault('name', 'model')
         self._meta.setdefault('version', '0.0.0')
-        self._meta.setdefault('spacy_version', about.__version__)
+        self._meta.setdefault('spacy_version', '>={}'.format(about.__version__))
         self._meta.setdefault('description', '')
         self._meta.setdefault('author', '')
         self._meta.setdefault('email', '')
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class Language(object):
         elif before and before in self.pipe_names:
             self.pipeline.insert(self.pipe_names.index(before), pipe)
         elif after and after in self.pipe_names:
-            self.pipeline.insert(self.pipe_names.index(after), pipe)
+            self.pipeline.insert(self.pipe_names.index(after) + 1, pipe)
         else:
             msg = "Can't find '{}' in pipeline. Available names: {}"
             unfound = before or after
@@ -502,19 +502,19 @@ class Language(object):
                 pass
 
     def pipe(self, texts, as_tuples=False, n_threads=2, batch_size=1000,
-             disable=[]):
+             disable=[], cleanup=False):
         """Process texts as a stream, and yield `Doc` objects in order.
-        Supports GIL-free multi-threading.
 
         texts (iterator): A sequence of texts to process.
         as_tuples (bool):
             If set to True, inputs should be a sequence of
             (text, context) tuples. Output will then be a sequence of
             (doc, context) tuples. Defaults to False.
-        n_threads (int): The number of worker threads to use. If -1, OpenMP
-            will decide how many to use at run time. Default is 2.
+        n_threads (int): Currently inactive.
         batch_size (int): The number of texts to buffer.
         disable (list): Names of the pipeline components to disable.
+        cleanup (bool): If True, unneeded strings are freed,
+            to control memory use. Experimental.
         YIELDS (Doc): Documents in the order of the original text.
 
         EXAMPLE:
@@ -547,24 +547,27 @@ class Language(object):
         # in the string store.
         recent_refs = weakref.WeakSet()
         old_refs = weakref.WeakSet()
-        # If there is anything that we have inside — after iterations we should
-        # carefully get it back.
-        original_strings_data = list(self.vocab.strings)
+        # Keep track of the original string data, so that if we flush old strings,
+        # we can recover the original ones. However, we only want to do this if we're
+        # really adding strings, to save up-front costs.
+        original_strings_data = None
         nr_seen = 0
         for doc in docs:
             yield doc
-            recent_refs.add(doc)
-            if nr_seen < 10000:
-                old_refs.add(doc)
-                nr_seen += 1
-            elif len(old_refs) == 0:
-                self.vocab.strings._cleanup_stale_strings()
-                nr_seen = 0
-        # We can't know which strings from the last batch have really expired.
-        # So we don't erase the strings — we just extend with the original
-        # content.
-        for string in original_strings_data:
-            self.vocab.strings.add(string)
+            if cleanup:
+                recent_refs.add(doc)
+                if nr_seen < 10000:
+                    old_refs.add(doc)
+                    nr_seen += 1
+                elif len(old_refs) == 0:
+                    old_refs, recent_refs = recent_refs, old_refs
+                    if original_strings_data is None:
+                        original_strings_data = list(self.vocab.strings)
+                    else:
+                        keys, strings = self.vocab.strings._cleanup_stale_strings(original_strings_data)
+                        self.vocab._reset_cache(keys, strings)
+                        self.tokenizer._reset_cache(keys)
+                    nr_seen = 0
 
     def to_disk(self, path, disable=tuple()):
         """Save the current state to a directory.  If a model is loaded, this
diff --git a/spacy/strings.pyx b/spacy/strings.pyx
index f4e047118..649bd43a4 100644
--- a/spacy/strings.pyx
+++ b/spacy/strings.pyx
@@ -249,20 +249,37 @@ cdef class StringStore:
         for string in strings:
             self.add(string)
 
-    def _cleanup_stale_strings(self):
+    def _cleanup_stale_strings(self, excepted):
+        """
+        excepted (list): Strings that should not be removed.
+        RETURNS (keys, strings): Dropped strings and keys that can be dropped from other places
+        """
         if self.hits.size() == 0:
             # If we don't have any hits, just skip cleanup
             return
 
         cdef vector[hash_t] tmp
+        dropped_strings = []
+        dropped_keys = []
         for i in range(self.keys.size()):
             key = self.keys[i]
-            if self.hits.count(key) != 0:
+            # Here we cannot use __getitem__ because it also set hit.
+            utf8str = <Utf8Str*>self._map.get(key)
+            value = decode_Utf8Str(utf8str)
+            if self.hits.count(key) != 0 or value in excepted:
                 tmp.push_back(key)
+            else:
+                dropped_keys.append(key)
+                dropped_strings.append(value)
 
         self.keys.swap(tmp)
+        strings = list(self)
+        self._reset_and_load(strings)
+        # Here we have strings but hits to it should be reseted
         self.hits.clear()
 
+        return dropped_keys, dropped_strings
+
     cdef const Utf8Str* intern_unicode(self, unicode py_string):
         # 0 means missing, but we don't bother offsetting the index.
         cdef bytes byte_string = py_string.encode('utf8')
diff --git a/spacy/syntax/nonproj.pyx b/spacy/syntax/nonproj.pyx
index 404f1bc90..cace1a832 100644
--- a/spacy/syntax/nonproj.pyx
+++ b/spacy/syntax/nonproj.pyx
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 # coding: utf-8
+# cython: profile=True
+# cython: infer_types=True
 """Implements the projectivize/deprojectivize mechanism in Nivre & Nilsson 2005
 for doing pseudo-projective parsing implementation uses the HEAD decoration
 scheme.
@@ -7,6 +9,8 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from copy import copy
 
+from ..tokens.doc cimport Doc
+
 
 DELIMITER = '||'
 
@@ -111,17 +115,18 @@ def projectivize(heads, labels):
     return proj_heads, deco_labels
 
 
-def deprojectivize(tokens):
+cpdef deprojectivize(Doc doc):
     # Reattach arcs with decorated labels (following HEAD scheme). For each
     # decorated arc X||Y, search top-down, left-to-right, breadth-first until
     # hitting a Y then make this the new head.
-    for token in tokens:
-        if is_decorated(token.dep_):
-            newlabel, headlabel = decompose(token.dep_)
-            newhead = _find_new_head(token, headlabel)
-            token.head = newhead
-            token.dep_ = newlabel
-    return tokens
+    for i in range(doc.length):
+        label = doc.vocab.strings[doc.c[i].dep]
+        if DELIMITER in label:
+            new_label, head_label = label.split(DELIMITER)
+            new_head = _find_new_head(doc[i], head_label)
+            doc[i].head = new_head
+            doc.c[i].dep = doc.vocab.strings.add(new_label)
+    return doc
 
 
 def _decorate(heads, proj_heads, labels):
diff --git a/spacy/tests/conftest.py b/spacy/tests/conftest.py
index 2d1b03514..001d6f292 100644
--- a/spacy/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/spacy/tests/conftest.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from .. import util
 # here if it's using spaCy's tokenizer (not a different library)
 # TODO: re-implement generic tokenizer tests
 _languages = ['bn', 'da', 'de', 'en', 'es', 'fi', 'fr', 'ga', 'he', 'hu', 'id',
-              'it', 'nb', 'nl', 'pl', 'pt', 'sv', 'xx']
+              'it', 'nb', 'nl', 'pl', 'pt', 'ru', 'sv', 'xx']
 _models = {'en': ['en_core_web_sm'],
            'de': ['de_core_news_md'],
            'fr': ['fr_core_news_sm'],
@@ -40,6 +40,12 @@ def FR(request):
     return load_test_model(request.param)
 
 
+@pytest.fixture()
+def RU(request):
+    pymorphy = pytest.importorskip('pymorphy2')
+    return util.get_lang_class('ru')()
+
+
 #@pytest.fixture(params=_languages)
 #def tokenizer(request):
     #lang = util.get_lang_class(request.param)
@@ -137,6 +143,12 @@ def th_tokenizer():
     return util.get_lang_class('th').Defaults.create_tokenizer()
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def ru_tokenizer():
+    pymorphy = pytest.importorskip('pymorphy2')
+    return util.get_lang_class('ru').Defaults.create_tokenizer()
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def stringstore():
     return StringStore()
diff --git a/spacy/tests/gold/test_biluo.py b/spacy/tests/gold/test_biluo.py
index a1aa91cf0..b89dd46b8 100644
--- a/spacy/tests/gold/test_biluo.py
+++ b/spacy/tests/gold/test_biluo.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # coding: utf-8
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
-from ...gold import biluo_tags_from_offsets
+from ...gold import biluo_tags_from_offsets, offsets_from_biluo_tags
 from ...tokens.doc import Doc
 
 import pytest
@@ -41,3 +41,14 @@ def test_gold_biluo_misalign(en_vocab):
     entities = [(len("I flew to "), len("I flew to San Francisco Valley"), 'LOC')]
     tags = biluo_tags_from_offsets(doc, entities)
     assert tags == ['O', 'O', 'O', '-', '-', '-']
+
+
+def test_roundtrip_offsets_biluo_conversion(en_tokenizer):
+    text = "I flew to Silicon Valley via London."
+    biluo_tags = ['O', 'O', 'O', 'B-LOC', 'L-LOC', 'O', 'U-GPE', 'O']
+    offsets = [(10, 24, 'LOC'), (29, 35, 'GPE')]
+    doc = en_tokenizer(text)
+    biluo_tags_converted = biluo_tags_from_offsets(doc, offsets)
+    assert biluo_tags_converted == biluo_tags
+    offsets_converted = offsets_from_biluo_tags(doc, biluo_tags)
+    assert offsets_converted == offsets
diff --git a/spacy/tests/lang/da/test_exceptions.py b/spacy/tests/lang/da/test_exceptions.py
index d89fafd2c..e3ad6fcb4 100644
--- a/spacy/tests/lang/da/test_exceptions.py
+++ b/spacy/tests/lang/da/test_exceptions.py
@@ -3,13 +3,37 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import pytest
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["ca.", "m.a.o.", "Jan.", "Dec."])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text',
+                         ["ca.", "m.a.o.", "Jan.", "Dec.", "kr.", "jf."])
 def test_da_tokenizer_handles_abbr(da_tokenizer, text):
     tokens = da_tokenizer(text)
     assert len(tokens) == 1
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["Jul.", "jul.", "Tor.", "Tors."])
+def test_da_tokenizer_handles_ambiguous_abbr(da_tokenizer, text):
+    tokens = da_tokenizer(text)
+    assert len(tokens) == 2
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["1.", "10.", "31."])
+def test_da_tokenizer_handles_dates(da_tokenizer, text):
+    tokens = da_tokenizer(text)
+    assert len(tokens) == 1
+
 def test_da_tokenizer_handles_exc_in_text(da_tokenizer):
     text = "Det er bl.a. ikke meningen"
     tokens = da_tokenizer(text)
     assert len(tokens) == 5
     assert tokens[2].text == "bl.a."
+
+def test_da_tokenizer_handles_custom_base_exc(da_tokenizer):
+    text = "Her er noget du kan kigge i."
+    tokens = da_tokenizer(text)
+    assert len(tokens) == 8
+    assert tokens[6].text == "i"
+    assert tokens[7].text == "."
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text,norm',
+                         [("akvarium", "akvarie"), ("bedstemoder", "bedstemor")])
+def test_da_tokenizer_norm_exceptions(da_tokenizer, text, norm):
+    tokens = da_tokenizer(text)
+    assert tokens[0].norm_ == norm
diff --git a/spacy/tests/lang/fr/test_lemmatization.py b/spacy/tests/lang/fr/test_lemmatization.py
index bcd8d4600..15da5b7d4 100644
--- a/spacy/tests/lang/fr/test_lemmatization.py
+++ b/spacy/tests/lang/fr/test_lemmatization.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def test_lemmatizer_noun_verb_2(FR):
 
 @pytest.mark.models('fr')
 @pytest.mark.xfail(reason="Costaricienne TAG is PROPN instead of NOUN and spacy don't lemmatize PROPN")
-def test_lemmatizer_noun(model):
+def test_lemmatizer_noun(FR):
     tokens = FR("il y a des Costaricienne.")
     assert tokens[4].lemma_ == "Costaricain"
 
diff --git a/spacy/tests/lang/ru/__init__.py b/spacy/tests/lang/ru/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/spacy/tests/lang/ru/test_lemmatizer.py b/spacy/tests/lang/ru/test_lemmatizer.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d9dd8b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/tests/lang/ru/test_lemmatizer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import pytest
+from ....tokens.doc import Doc
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def ru_lemmatizer(RU):
+    return RU.Defaults.create_lemmatizer()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.models('ru')
+def test_doc_lemmatization(RU):
+    doc = Doc(RU.vocab, words=['мама', 'мыла', 'раму'])
+    doc[0].tag_ = 'NOUN__Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing'
+    doc[1].tag_ = 'VERB__Aspect=Imp|Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act'
+    doc[2].tag_ = 'NOUN__Animacy=Anim|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing'
+
+    lemmas = [token.lemma_ for token in doc]
+    assert lemmas == ['мама', 'мыть', 'рама']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.models('ru')
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text,lemmas', [('гвоздики', ['гвоздик', 'гвоздика']),
+                                         ('люди', ['человек']),
+                                         ('реки', ['река']),
+                                         ('кольцо', ['кольцо']),
+                                         ('пепперони', ['пепперони'])])
+def test_ru_lemmatizer_noun_lemmas(ru_lemmatizer, text, lemmas):
+    assert sorted(ru_lemmatizer.noun(text)) == lemmas
+
+
+@pytest.mark.models('ru')
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text,pos,morphology,lemma', [('рой', 'NOUN', None, 'рой'),
+                                                       ('рой', 'VERB', None, 'рыть'),
+                                                       ('клей', 'NOUN', None, 'клей'),
+                                                       ('клей', 'VERB', None, 'клеить'),
+                                                       ('три', 'NUM', None, 'три'),
+                                                       ('кос', 'NOUN', {'Number': 'Sing'}, 'кос'),
+                                                       ('кос', 'NOUN', {'Number': 'Plur'}, 'коса'),
+                                                       ('кос', 'ADJ', None, 'косой'),
+                                                       ('потом', 'NOUN', None, 'пот'),
+                                                       ('потом', 'ADV', None, 'потом')
+                                                       ])
+def test_ru_lemmatizer_works_with_different_pos_homonyms(ru_lemmatizer, text, pos, morphology, lemma):
+    assert ru_lemmatizer(text, pos, morphology) == [lemma]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.models('ru')
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text,morphology,lemma', [('гвоздики', {'Gender': 'Fem'}, 'гвоздика'),
+                                                   ('гвоздики', {'Gender': 'Masc'}, 'гвоздик'),
+                                                   ('вина', {'Gender': 'Fem'}, 'вина'),
+                                                   ('вина', {'Gender': 'Neut'}, 'вино')
+                                                   ])
+def test_ru_lemmatizer_works_with_noun_homonyms(ru_lemmatizer, text, morphology, lemma):
+    assert ru_lemmatizer.noun(text, morphology) == [lemma]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.models('ru')
+def test_ru_lemmatizer_punct(ru_lemmatizer):
+    assert ru_lemmatizer.punct('«') == ['"']
+    assert ru_lemmatizer.punct('»') == ['"']
+
+
+# @pytest.mark.models('ru')
+# def test_ru_lemmatizer_lemma_assignment(RU):
+#     text = "А роза упала на лапу Азора."
+#     doc = RU.make_doc(text)
+#     RU.tagger(doc)
+#     assert all(t.lemma_ != '' for t in doc)
diff --git a/spacy/tests/lang/ru/test_tokenizer.py b/spacy/tests/lang/ru/test_tokenizer.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c4d55d2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/tests/lang/ru/test_tokenizer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""Test that open, closed and paired punctuation is split off correctly."""
+
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import pytest
+
+
+PUNCT_OPEN = ['(', '[', '{', '*']
+PUNCT_CLOSE = [')', ']', '}', '*']
+PUNCT_PAIRED = [('(', ')'),  ('[', ']'), ('{', '}'), ('*', '*')]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["(", "((", "<"])
+def test_ru_tokenizer_handles_only_punct(ru_tokenizer, text):
+    tokens = ru_tokenizer(text)
+    assert len(tokens) == len(text)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('punct', PUNCT_OPEN)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["Привет"])
+def test_ru_tokenizer_splits_open_punct(ru_tokenizer, punct, text):
+    tokens = ru_tokenizer(punct + text)
+    assert len(tokens) == 2
+    assert tokens[0].text == punct
+    assert tokens[1].text == text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('punct', PUNCT_CLOSE)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["Привет"])
+def test_ru_tokenizer_splits_close_punct(ru_tokenizer, punct, text):
+    tokens = ru_tokenizer(text + punct)
+    assert len(tokens) == 2
+    assert tokens[0].text == text
+    assert tokens[1].text == punct
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('punct', PUNCT_OPEN)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('punct_add', ["`"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["Привет"])
+def test_ru_tokenizer_splits_two_diff_open_punct(ru_tokenizer, punct, punct_add, text):
+    tokens = ru_tokenizer(punct + punct_add + text)
+    assert len(tokens) == 3
+    assert tokens[0].text == punct
+    assert tokens[1].text == punct_add
+    assert tokens[2].text == text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('punct', PUNCT_CLOSE)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('punct_add', ["'"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["Привет"])
+def test_ru_tokenizer_splits_two_diff_close_punct(ru_tokenizer, punct, punct_add, text):
+    tokens = ru_tokenizer(text + punct + punct_add)
+    assert len(tokens) == 3
+    assert tokens[0].text == text
+    assert tokens[1].text == punct
+    assert tokens[2].text == punct_add
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('punct', PUNCT_OPEN)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["Привет"])
+def test_ru_tokenizer_splits_same_open_punct(ru_tokenizer, punct, text):
+    tokens = ru_tokenizer(punct + punct + punct + text)
+    assert len(tokens) == 4
+    assert tokens[0].text == punct
+    assert tokens[3].text == text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('punct', PUNCT_CLOSE)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["Привет"])
+def test_ru_tokenizer_splits_same_close_punct(ru_tokenizer, punct, text):
+    tokens = ru_tokenizer(text + punct + punct + punct)
+    assert len(tokens) == 4
+    assert tokens[0].text == text
+    assert tokens[1].text == punct
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["'Тест"])
+def test_ru_tokenizer_splits_open_appostrophe(ru_tokenizer, text):
+    tokens = ru_tokenizer(text)
+    assert len(tokens) == 2
+    assert tokens[0].text == "'"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["Тест''"])
+def test_ru_tokenizer_splits_double_end_quote(ru_tokenizer, text):
+    tokens = ru_tokenizer(text)
+    assert len(tokens) == 2
+    tokens_punct = ru_tokenizer("''")
+    assert len(tokens_punct) == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('punct_open,punct_close', PUNCT_PAIRED)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["Тест"])
+def test_ru_tokenizer_splits_open_close_punct(ru_tokenizer, punct_open,
+                                              punct_close, text):
+    tokens = ru_tokenizer(punct_open + text + punct_close)
+    assert len(tokens) == 3
+    assert tokens[0].text == punct_open
+    assert tokens[1].text == text
+    assert tokens[2].text == punct_close
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('punct_open,punct_close', PUNCT_PAIRED)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('punct_open2,punct_close2', [("`", "'")])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["Тест"])
+def test_ru_tokenizer_two_diff_punct(ru_tokenizer, punct_open, punct_close,
+                                     punct_open2, punct_close2, text):
+    tokens = ru_tokenizer(punct_open2 + punct_open + text + punct_close + punct_close2)
+    assert len(tokens) == 5
+    assert tokens[0].text == punct_open2
+    assert tokens[1].text == punct_open
+    assert tokens[2].text == text
+    assert tokens[3].text == punct_close
+    assert tokens[4].text == punct_close2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text', ["Тест."])
+def test_ru_tokenizer_splits_trailing_dot(ru_tokenizer, text):
+    tokens = ru_tokenizer(text)
+    assert tokens[1].text == "."
+
+
+def test_ru_tokenizer_splits_bracket_period(ru_tokenizer):
+    text = "(Раз, два, три, проверка)."
+    tokens = ru_tokenizer(text)
+    assert tokens[len(tokens) - 1].text == "."
diff --git a/spacy/tests/lang/ru/test_tokenizer_exc.py b/spacy/tests/lang/ru/test_tokenizer_exc.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..554036537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/tests/lang/ru/test_tokenizer_exc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""Test that tokenizer exceptions are parsed correctly."""
+
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text,norms', [("пн.", ["понедельник"]),
+                                        ("пт.", ["пятница"]),
+                                        ("дек.", ["декабрь"])])
+def test_ru_tokenizer_abbrev_exceptions(ru_tokenizer, text, norms):
+    tokens = ru_tokenizer(text)
+    assert len(tokens) == 1
+    assert [token.norm_ for token in tokens] == norms
diff --git a/spacy/tests/pipeline/test_pipe_methods.py b/spacy/tests/pipeline/test_pipe_methods.py
index dbcde3e5e..c0165d004 100644
--- a/spacy/tests/pipeline/test_pipe_methods.py
+++ b/spacy/tests/pipeline/test_pipe_methods.py
@@ -100,3 +100,10 @@ def test_disable_pipes_context(nlp, name):
     with nlp.disable_pipes(name):
         assert not nlp.has_pipe(name)
     assert nlp.has_pipe(name)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('n_pipes', [100])
+def test_add_lots_of_pipes(nlp, n_pipes):
+    for i in range(n_pipes):
+        nlp.add_pipe(lambda doc: doc, name='pipe_%d' % i)
+    assert len(nlp.pipe_names) == n_pipes
diff --git a/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1207.py b/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1207.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8a53e05c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1207.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.models('en')
+def test_issue1207(EN):
+    text = 'Employees are recruiting talented staffers from overseas.'
+    doc = EN(text)
+
+    assert [i.text for i in doc.noun_chunks] == ['Employees', 'talented staffers']
+    sent = list(doc.sents)[0]
+    assert [i.text for i in sent.noun_chunks] == ['Employees', 'talented staffers']
diff --git a/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1494.py b/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1494.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..693e81e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1494.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# coding: utf8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import pytest
+import re
+
+from ...lang.en import English
+from ...tokenizer import Tokenizer
+
+
+def test_issue1494():    
+    infix_re = re.compile(r'''[^a-z]''')
+    text_to_tokenize1 = 'token 123test'
+    expected_tokens1 = ['token', '1', '2', '3', 'test']
+
+    text_to_tokenize2 = 'token 1test'
+    expected_tokens2 = ['token', '1test']
+
+    text_to_tokenize3 = 'hello...test'
+    expected_tokens3 = ['hello', '.', '.', '.', 'test']
+    
+    def my_tokenizer(nlp):
+        return Tokenizer(nlp.vocab,
+                     {},
+                     infix_finditer=infix_re.finditer
+    )
+
+    nlp = English()
+
+    nlp.tokenizer = my_tokenizer(nlp)
+
+    tokenized_words1 = [token.text for token in nlp(text_to_tokenize1)]
+    assert tokenized_words1 == expected_tokens1
+
+    tokenized_words2 = [token.text for token in nlp(text_to_tokenize2)]
+    assert tokenized_words2 == expected_tokens2
+
+    tokenized_words3 = [token.text for token in nlp(text_to_tokenize3)]
+    assert tokenized_words3 == expected_tokens3
diff --git a/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1506.py b/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1506.py
index d9ba1ac97..71702a6d4 100644
--- a/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1506.py
+++ b/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1506.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # coding: utf8
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
+import gc
+
 from ...lang.en import English
 
 
@@ -9,14 +11,25 @@ def test_issue1506():
 
     def string_generator():
         for _ in range(10001):
-            yield "It's sentence produced by that bug."
+            yield u"It's sentence produced by that bug."
 
         for _ in range(10001):
-            yield "I erase lemmas."
+            yield u"I erase some hbdsaj lemmas."
 
         for _ in range(10001):
-            yield "It's sentence produced by that bug."
+            yield u"I erase lemmas."
+
+        for _ in range(10001):
+            yield u"It's sentence produced by that bug."
+
+        for _ in range(10001):
+            yield u"It's sentence produced by that bug."
+
+    for i, d in enumerate(nlp.pipe(string_generator())):
+        # We should run cleanup more than one time to actually cleanup data.
+        # In first run — clean up only mark strings as «not hitted».
+        if i == 10000 or i == 20000 or i == 30000:
+            gc.collect()
 
-    for d in nlp.pipe(string_generator()):
         for t in d:
             str(t.lemma_)
diff --git a/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1612.py b/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1612.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6cae17e77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1612.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# coding: utf8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+
+def test_issue1612(en_tokenizer):
+    doc = en_tokenizer('The black cat purrs.')
+    span = doc[1: 3]
+    assert span.orth_ == span.text
diff --git a/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1654.py b/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1654.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..531c00757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue1654.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# coding: utf8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import pytest
+
+from ...language import Language
+from ...vocab import Vocab
+
+
+def test_issue1654():
+    nlp = Language(Vocab())
+    assert not nlp.pipeline
+    nlp.add_pipe(lambda doc: doc, name='1')
+    nlp.add_pipe(lambda doc: doc, name='2', after='1')
+    nlp.add_pipe(lambda doc: doc, name='3', after='2')
+    assert nlp.pipe_names == ['1', '2', '3']
+
+    nlp2 = Language(Vocab())
+    assert not nlp2.pipeline
+    nlp2.add_pipe(lambda doc: doc, name='3')
+    nlp2.add_pipe(lambda doc: doc, name='2', before='3')
+    nlp2.add_pipe(lambda doc: doc, name='1', before='2')
+    assert nlp2.pipe_names == ['1', '2', '3']
diff --git a/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue910.py b/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue910.py
index b35ce94bc..94a2562fd 100644
--- a/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue910.py
+++ b/spacy/tests/regression/test_issue910.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+# coding: utf8
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 import json
 import random
 import contextlib
@@ -6,7 +8,7 @@ import shutil
 import pytest
 import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
-
+from thinc.neural.optimizers import Adam
 
 from ...gold import GoldParse
 from ...pipeline import EntityRecognizer
diff --git a/spacy/tests/test_misc.py b/spacy/tests/test_misc.py
index 66ecd8a8e..69a6fd38e 100644
--- a/spacy/tests/test_misc.py
+++ b/spacy/tests/test_misc.py
@@ -48,15 +48,17 @@ def test_displacy_parse_deps(en_vocab):
     """Test that deps and tags on a Doc are converted into displaCy's format."""
     words = ["This", "is", "a", "sentence"]
     heads = [1, 0, 1, -2]
+    pos = ['DET', 'VERB', 'DET', 'NOUN']
     tags = ['DT', 'VBZ', 'DT', 'NN']
     deps = ['nsubj', 'ROOT', 'det', 'attr']
-    doc = get_doc(en_vocab, words=words, heads=heads, tags=tags, deps=deps)
+    doc = get_doc(en_vocab, words=words, heads=heads, pos=pos, tags=tags,
+                  deps=deps)
     deps = parse_deps(doc)
     assert isinstance(deps, dict)
-    assert deps['words'] == [{'text': 'This', 'tag': 'DT'},
-                            {'text': 'is', 'tag': 'VBZ'},
-                            {'text': 'a', 'tag': 'DT'},
-                            {'text': 'sentence', 'tag': 'NN'}]
+    assert deps['words'] == [{'text': 'This', 'tag': 'DET'},
+                            {'text': 'is', 'tag': 'VERB'},
+                            {'text': 'a', 'tag': 'DET'},
+                            {'text': 'sentence', 'tag': 'NOUN'}]
     assert deps['arcs'] == [{'start': 0, 'end': 1, 'label': 'nsubj', 'dir': 'left'},
                             {'start': 2, 'end': 3, 'label': 'det', 'dir': 'left'},
                             {'start': 1, 'end': 3, 'label': 'attr', 'dir': 'right'}]
diff --git a/spacy/tokenizer.pyx b/spacy/tokenizer.pyx
index 095fbf4ad..8483b22b3 100644
--- a/spacy/tokenizer.pyx
+++ b/spacy/tokenizer.pyx
@@ -133,6 +133,10 @@ cdef class Tokenizer:
         for text in texts:
             yield self(text)
 
+    def _reset_cache(self, keys):
+        for k in keys:
+            del self._cache[k]
+
     cdef int _try_cache(self, hash_t key, Doc tokens) except -1:
         cached = <_Cached*>self._cache.get(key)
         if cached == NULL:
@@ -238,14 +242,17 @@ cdef class Tokenizer:
                     # let's say we have dyn-o-mite-dave - the regex finds the
                     # start and end positions of the hyphens
                     start = 0
+                    start_before_infixes = start
                     for match in matches:
                         infix_start = match.start()
                         infix_end = match.end()
-                        if infix_start == start:
+
+                        if infix_start == start_before_infixes:
                             continue
 
-                        span = string[start:infix_start]
-                        tokens.push_back(self.vocab.get(tokens.mem, span), False)
+                        if infix_start != start:
+                            span = string[start:infix_start]
+                            tokens.push_back(self.vocab.get(tokens.mem, span), False)
 
                         if infix_start != infix_end:
                             # If infix_start != infix_end, it means the infix
diff --git a/spacy/tokens/doc.pyx b/spacy/tokens/doc.pyx
index 68617bb5e..4900a363d 100644
--- a/spacy/tokens/doc.pyx
+++ b/spacy/tokens/doc.pyx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # coding: utf8
 # cython: infer_types=True
 # cython: bounds_check=False
+# cython: profile=True
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 cimport cython
@@ -543,8 +544,6 @@ cdef class Doc:
         assert t.lex.orth != 0
         t.spacy = has_space
         self.length += 1
-        # Set morphological attributes, e.g. by lemma, if possible
-        self.vocab.morphology.assign_untagged(t)
         return t.idx + t.lex.length + t.spacy
 
     @cython.boundscheck(False)
@@ -569,7 +568,6 @@ cdef class Doc:
         """
         cdef int i, j
         cdef attr_id_t feature
-        cdef np.ndarray[attr_t, ndim=1] attr_ids
         cdef np.ndarray[attr_t, ndim=2] output
         # Handle scalar/list inputs of strings/ints for py_attr_ids
         if not hasattr(py_attr_ids, '__iter__') \
@@ -581,12 +579,17 @@ cdef class Doc:
                        for id_ in py_attr_ids]
         # Make an array from the attributes --- otherwise our inner loop is
         # Python dict iteration.
-        attr_ids = numpy.asarray(py_attr_ids, dtype=numpy.uint64)
+        cdef np.ndarray attr_ids = numpy.asarray(py_attr_ids, dtype='i')
         output = numpy.ndarray(shape=(self.length, len(attr_ids)),
                                dtype=numpy.uint64)
+        c_output = <attr_t*>output.data
+        c_attr_ids = <attr_id_t*>attr_ids.data
+        cdef TokenC* token
+        cdef int nr_attr = attr_ids.shape[0]
         for i in range(self.length):
-            for j, feature in enumerate(attr_ids):
-                output[i, j] = get_token_attr(&self.c[i], feature)
+            token = &self.c[i]
+            for j in range(nr_attr):
+                c_output[i*nr_attr + j] = get_token_attr(token, c_attr_ids[j])
         # Handle 1d case
         return output if len(attr_ids) >= 2 else output.reshape((self.length,))
 
diff --git a/spacy/tokens/span.pyx b/spacy/tokens/span.pyx
index 4056ef615..f09dfd134 100644
--- a/spacy/tokens/span.pyx
+++ b/spacy/tokens/span.pyx
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ cdef class Span:
             spans = []
             cdef attr_t label
             for start, end, label in self.doc.noun_chunks_iterator(self):
-                spans.append(Span(self, start, end, label=label))
+                spans.append(Span(self.doc, start, end, label=label))
             for span in spans:
                 yield span
 
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ cdef class Span:
 
         RETURNS (unicode): The span's text."""
         def __get__(self):
-            return ''.join([t.orth_ for t in self]).strip()
+            return self.text
 
     property lemma_:
         """RETURNS (unicode): The span's lemma."""
diff --git a/spacy/tokens/token.pyx b/spacy/tokens/token.pyx
index 6715c5098..c0ff8c845 100644
--- a/spacy/tokens/token.pyx
+++ b/spacy/tokens/token.pyx
@@ -257,7 +257,11 @@ cdef class Token:
             inflectional suffixes.
         """
         def __get__(self):
-            return self.c.lemma
+            if self.c.lemma == 0:
+                lemma = self.vocab.morphology.lemmatizer.lookup(self.orth_)
+                return lemma
+            else:
+                return self.c.lemma
 
         def __set__(self, attr_t lemma):
             self.c.lemma = lemma
@@ -724,7 +728,10 @@ cdef class Token:
             with no inflectional suffixes.
         """
         def __get__(self):
-            return self.vocab.strings[self.c.lemma]
+            if self.c.lemma == 0:
+                return self.vocab.morphology.lemmatizer.lookup(self.orth_)
+            else:
+                return self.vocab.strings[self.c.lemma]
 
         def __set__(self, unicode lemma_):
             self.c.lemma = self.vocab.strings.add(lemma_)
diff --git a/spacy/vocab.pyx b/spacy/vocab.pyx
index 438a08ca6..34ad4eb67 100644
--- a/spacy/vocab.pyx
+++ b/spacy/vocab.pyx
@@ -467,6 +467,13 @@ cdef class Vocab:
             self._by_orth.set(lexeme.orth, lexeme)
             self.length += 1
 
+    def _reset_cache(self, keys, strings):
+        for k in keys:
+            del self._by_hash[k]
+
+        if len(strings) != 0:
+            self._by_orth = PreshMap()
+
 
 def pickle_vocab(vocab):
     sstore = vocab.strings
diff --git a/website/api/_top-level/_spacy.jade b/website/api/_top-level/_spacy.jade
index a51b429af..1eb2e299a 100644
--- a/website/api/_top-level/_spacy.jade
+++ b/website/api/_top-level/_spacy.jade
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ p
     |  information about your installation, models and local setup from within
     |  spaCy. To get the model meta data as a dictionary instead, you can
     |  use the #[code meta] attribute on your #[code nlp] object with a
-    |  loaded model, e.g. #[code nlp['meta']].
+    |  loaded model, e.g. #[code nlp.meta].
 
 +aside-code("Example").
     spacy.info()
diff --git a/website/api/goldparse.jade b/website/api/goldparse.jade
index c27badee9..9fb47ccc4 100644
--- a/website/api/goldparse.jade
+++ b/website/api/goldparse.jade
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ p
 
 p
     |  Returns a list of unicode strings, describing the tags. Each tag string
-    |  will be of the form either #[code ""], #[code "O"] or
+    |  will be of the form of either #[code ""], #[code "O"] or
     |  #[code "{action}-{label}"], where action is one of #[code "B"],
     |  #[code "I"], #[code "L"], #[code "U"]. The string #[code &quot;-&quot;]
     |  is used where the entity offsets don't align with the tokenization in the
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ p
 
 +aside-code("Example").
     from spacy.gold import biluo_tags_from_offsets
-    text = 'I like London.'
-    entities = [(len('I like '), len('I like London'), 'LOC')]
-    doc = tokenizer(text)
+
+    doc = nlp('I like London.')
+    entities = [(7, 13, 'LOC')]
     tags = biluo_tags_from_offsets(doc, entities)
     assert tags == ['O', 'O', 'U-LOC', 'O']
 
@@ -163,5 +163,3 @@ p
         +cell
             |  Unicode strings, describing the
             |  #[+a("/api/annotation#biluo") BILUO] tags.
-
-
diff --git a/website/assets/js/vendor/prism.min.js b/website/assets/js/vendor/prism.min.js
index 64ea8de94..97448931d 100644
--- a/website/assets/js/vendor/prism.min.js
+++ b/website/assets/js/vendor/prism.min.js
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Prism.languages.json={property:/".*?"(?=\s*:)/gi,string:/"(?!:)(\\?[^"])*?"(?!:)
 !function(a){var e=/\\([^a-z()[\]]|[a-z\*]+)/i,n={"equation-command":{pattern:e,alias:"regex"}};a.languages.latex={comment:/%.*/m,cdata:{pattern:/(\\begin\{((?:verbatim|lstlisting)\*?)\})([\w\W]*?)(?=\\end\{\2\})/,lookbehind:!0},equation:[{pattern:/\$(?:\\?[\w\W])*?\$|\\\((?:\\?[\w\W])*?\\\)|\\\[(?:\\?[\w\W])*?\\\]/,inside:n,alias:"string"},{pattern:/(\\begin\{((?:equation|math|eqnarray|align|multline|gather)\*?)\})([\w\W]*?)(?=\\end\{\2\})/,lookbehind:!0,inside:n,alias:"string"}],keyword:{pattern:/(\\(?:begin|end|ref|cite|label|usepackage|documentclass)(?:\[[^\]]+\])?\{)[^}]+(?=\})/,lookbehind:!0},url:{pattern:/(\\url\{)[^}]+(?=\})/,lookbehind:!0},headline:{pattern:/(\\(?:part|chapter|section|subsection|frametitle|subsubsection|paragraph|subparagraph|subsubparagraph|subsubsubparagraph)\*?(?:\[[^\]]+\])?\{)[^}]+(?=\}(?:\[[^\]]+\])?)/,lookbehind:!0,alias:"class-name"},"function":{pattern:e,alias:"selector"},punctuation:/[[\]{}&]/}}(Prism);
 Prism.languages.makefile={comment:{pattern:/(^|[^\\])#(?:\\(?:\r\n|[\s\S])|.)*/,lookbehind:!0},string:/(["'])(?:\\(?:\r\n|[\s\S])|(?!\1)[^\\\r\n])*\1/,builtin:/\.[A-Z][^:#=\s]+(?=\s*:(?!=))/,symbol:{pattern:/^[^:=\r\n]+(?=\s*:(?!=))/m,inside:{variable:/\$+(?:[^(){}:#=\s]+|(?=[({]))/}},variable:/\$+(?:[^(){}:#=\s]+|\([@*%<^+?][DF]\)|(?=[({]))/,keyword:[/-include\b|\b(?:define|else|endef|endif|export|ifn?def|ifn?eq|include|override|private|sinclude|undefine|unexport|vpath)\b/,{pattern:/(\()(?:addsuffix|abspath|and|basename|call|dir|error|eval|file|filter(?:-out)?|findstring|firstword|flavor|foreach|guile|if|info|join|lastword|load|notdir|or|origin|patsubst|realpath|shell|sort|strip|subst|suffix|value|warning|wildcard|word(?:s|list)?)(?=[ \t])/,lookbehind:!0}],operator:/(?:::|[?:+!])?=|[|@]/,punctuation:/[:;(){}]/};
 Prism.languages.markdown=Prism.languages.extend("markup",{}),Prism.languages.insertBefore("markdown","prolog",{blockquote:{pattern:/^>(?:[\t ]*>)*/m,alias:"punctuation"},code:[{pattern:/^(?: {4}|\t).+/m,alias:"keyword"},{pattern:/``.+?``|`[^`\n]+`/,alias:"keyword"}],title:[{pattern:/\w+.*(?:\r?\n|\r)(?:==+|--+)/,alias:"important",inside:{punctuation:/==+$|--+$/}},{pattern:/(^\s*)#+.+/m,lookbehind:!0,alias:"important",inside:{punctuation:/^#+|#+$/}}],hr:{pattern:/(^\s*)([*-])([\t ]*\2){2,}(?=\s*$)/m,lookbehind:!0,alias:"punctuation"},list:{pattern:/(^\s*)(?:[*+-]|\d+\.)(?=[\t ].)/m,lookbehind:!0,alias:"punctuation"},"url-reference":{pattern:/!?\[[^\]]+\]:[\t ]+(?:\S+|<(?:\\.|[^>\\])+>)(?:[\t ]+(?:"(?:\\.|[^"\\])*"|'(?:\\.|[^'\\])*'|\((?:\\.|[^)\\])*\)))?/,inside:{variable:{pattern:/^(!?\[)[^\]]+/,lookbehind:!0},string:/(?:"(?:\\.|[^"\\])*"|'(?:\\.|[^'\\])*'|\((?:\\.|[^)\\])*\))$/,punctuation:/^[\[\]!:]|[<>]/},alias:"url"},bold:{pattern:/(^|[^\\])(\*\*|__)(?:(?:\r?\n|\r)(?!\r?\n|\r)|.)+?\2/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/^\*\*|^__|\*\*$|__$/}},italic:{pattern:/(^|[^\\])([*_])(?:(?:\r?\n|\r)(?!\r?\n|\r)|.)+?\2/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/^[*_]|[*_]$/}},url:{pattern:/!?\[[^\]]+\](?:\([^\s)]+(?:[\t ]+"(?:\\.|[^"\\])*")?\)| ?\[[^\]\n]*\])/,inside:{variable:{pattern:/(!?\[)[^\]]+(?=\]$)/,lookbehind:!0},string:{pattern:/"(?:\\.|[^"\\])*"(?=\)$)/}}}}),Prism.languages.markdown.bold.inside.url=Prism.util.clone(Prism.languages.markdown.url),Prism.languages.markdown.italic.inside.url=Prism.util.clone(Prism.languages.markdown.url),Prism.languages.markdown.bold.inside.italic=Prism.util.clone(Prism.languages.markdown.italic),Prism.languages.markdown.italic.inside.bold=Prism.util.clone(Prism.languages.markdown.bold);
-Prism.languages.python={"triple-quoted-string":{pattern:/"""[\s\S]+?"""|'''[\s\S]+?'''/,alias:"string"},comment:{pattern:/(^|[^\\])#.*/,lookbehind:!0},string:/("|')(?:\\?.)*?\1/,"function":{pattern:/((?:^|\s)def[ \t]+)[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*(?=\()/g,lookbehind:!0},"class-name":{pattern:/(\bclass\s+)[a-z0-9_]+/i,lookbehind:!0},keyword:/\b(?:as|assert|async|await|break|class|continue|def|del|elif|else|except|exec|finally|for|from|global|if|import|in|is|lambda|pass|print|raise|return|try|while|with|yield)\b/,"boolean":/\b(?:True|False)\b/,number:/\b-?(?:0[bo])?(?:(?:\d|0x[\da-f])[\da-f]*\.?\d*|\.\d+)(?:e[+-]?\d+)?j?\b/i,operator:/[-+%=]=?|!=|\*\*?=?|\/\/?=?|<[<=>]?|>[=>]?|[&|^~]|\b(?:or|and|not)\b/,punctuation:/[{}[\];(),.:]/,"constant":/\b[A-Z_]{2,}\b/};
+Prism.languages.python={"triple-quoted-string":{pattern:/"""[\s\S]+?"""|'''[\s\S]+?'''/,alias:"string"},comment:{pattern:/(^|[^\\])#.*/,lookbehind:!0},string:/("|')(?:\\?.)*?\1/,"function":{pattern:/((?:^|\s)def[ \t]+)[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*(?=\()/g,lookbehind:!0},"class-name":{pattern:/(\bclass\s+)[a-z0-9_]+/i,lookbehind:!0},keyword:/\b(?:as|assert|async|await|break|class|continue|def|del|elif|else|except|exec|finally|for|from|global|if|import|in|is|lambda|pass|print|raise|return|try|while|with|yield)\b/,"boolean":/\b(?:True|False|None)\b/,number:/\b-?(?:0[bo])?(?:(?:\d|0x[\da-f])[\da-f]*\.?\d*|\.\d+)(?:e[+-]?\d+)?j?\b/i,operator:/[-+%=]=?|!=|\*\*?=?|\/\/?=?|<[<=>]?|>[=>]?|[&|^~]|\b(?:or|and|not)\b/,punctuation:/[{}[\];(),.:]/,"constant":/\b[A-Z_]{2,}\b/};
 Prism.languages.rest={table:[{pattern:/(\s*)(?:\+[=-]+)+\+(?:\r?\n|\r)(?:\1(?:[+|].+)+[+|](?:\r?\n|\r))+\1(?:\+[=-]+)+\+/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/\||(?:\+[=-]+)+\+/}},{pattern:/(\s*)(?:=+ +)+=+((?:\r?\n|\r)\1.+)+(?:\r?\n|\r)\1(?:=+ +)+=+(?=(?:\r?\n|\r){2}|\s*$)/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/[=-]+/}}],"substitution-def":{pattern:/(^\s*\.\. )\|(?:[^|\s](?:[^|]*[^|\s])?)\| [^:]+::/m,lookbehind:!0,inside:{substitution:{pattern:/^\|(?:[^|\s]|[^|\s][^|]*[^|\s])\|/,alias:"attr-value",inside:{punctuation:/^\||\|$/}},directive:{pattern:/( +)[^:]+::/,lookbehind:!0,alias:"function",inside:{punctuation:/::$/}}}},"link-target":[{pattern:/(^\s*\.\. )\[[^\]]+\]/m,lookbehind:!0,alias:"string",inside:{punctuation:/^\[|\]$/}},{pattern:/(^\s*\.\. )_(?:`[^`]+`|(?:[^:\\]|\\.)+):/m,lookbehind:!0,alias:"string",inside:{punctuation:/^_|:$/}}],directive:{pattern:/(^\s*\.\. )[^:]+::/m,lookbehind:!0,alias:"function",inside:{punctuation:/::$/}},comment:{pattern:/(^\s*\.\.)(?:(?: .+)?(?:(?:\r?\n|\r).+)+| .+)(?=(?:\r?\n|\r){2}|$)/m,lookbehind:!0},title:[{pattern:/^(([!"#$%&'()*+,\-.\/:;<=>?@\[\\\]^_`{|}~])\2+)(?:\r?\n|\r).+(?:\r?\n|\r)\1$/m,inside:{punctuation:/^[!"#$%&'()*+,\-.\/:;<=>?@\[\\\]^_`{|}~]+|[!"#$%&'()*+,\-.\/:;<=>?@\[\\\]^_`{|}~]+$/,important:/.+/}},{pattern:/(^|(?:\r?\n|\r){2}).+(?:\r?\n|\r)([!"#$%&'()*+,\-.\/:;<=>?@\[\\\]^_`{|}~])\2+(?=\r?\n|\r|$)/,lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/[!"#$%&'()*+,\-.\/:;<=>?@\[\\\]^_`{|}~]+$/,important:/.+/}}],hr:{pattern:/((?:\r?\n|\r){2})([!"#$%&'()*+,\-.\/:;<=>?@\[\\\]^_`{|}~])\2{3,}(?=(?:\r?\n|\r){2})/,lookbehind:!0,alias:"punctuation"},field:{pattern:/(^\s*):[^:\r\n]+:(?= )/m,lookbehind:!0,alias:"attr-name"},"command-line-option":{pattern:/(^\s*)(?:[+-][a-z\d]|(?:\-\-|\/)[a-z\d-]+)(?:[ =](?:[a-z][a-z\d_-]*|<[^<>]+>))?(?:, (?:[+-][a-z\d]|(?:\-\-|\/)[a-z\d-]+)(?:[ =](?:[a-z][a-z\d_-]*|<[^<>]+>))?)*(?=(?:\r?\n|\r)? {2,}\S)/im,lookbehind:!0,alias:"symbol"},"literal-block":{pattern:/::(?:\r?\n|\r){2}([ \t]+).+(?:(?:\r?\n|\r)\1.+)*/,inside:{"literal-block-punctuation":{pattern:/^::/,alias:"punctuation"}}},"quoted-literal-block":{pattern:/::(?:\r?\n|\r){2}([!"#$%&'()*+,\-.\/:;<=>?@\[\\\]^_`{|}~]).*(?:(?:\r?\n|\r)\1.*)*/,inside:{"literal-block-punctuation":{pattern:/^(?:::|([!"#$%&'()*+,\-.\/:;<=>?@\[\\\]^_`{|}~])\1*)/m,alias:"punctuation"}}},"list-bullet":{pattern:/(^\s*)(?:[*+\-•‣⁃]|\(?(?:\d+|[a-z]|[ivxdclm]+)\)|(?:\d+|[a-z]|[ivxdclm]+)\.)(?= )/im,lookbehind:!0,alias:"punctuation"},"doctest-block":{pattern:/(^\s*)>>> .+(?:(?:\r?\n|\r).+)*/m,lookbehind:!0,inside:{punctuation:/^>>>/}},inline:[{pattern:/(^|[\s\-:\/'"<(\[{])(?::[^:]+:`.*?`|`.*?`:[^:]+:|(\*\*?|``?|\|)(?!\s).*?[^\s]\2(?=[\s\-.,:;!?\\\/'")\]}]|$))/m,lookbehind:!0,inside:{bold:{pattern:/(^\*\*).+(?=\*\*$)/,lookbehind:!0},italic:{pattern:/(^\*).+(?=\*$)/,lookbehind:!0},"inline-literal":{pattern:/(^``).+(?=``$)/,lookbehind:!0,alias:"symbol"},role:{pattern:/^:[^:]+:|:[^:]+:$/,alias:"function",inside:{punctuation:/^:|:$/}},"interpreted-text":{pattern:/(^`).+(?=`$)/,lookbehind:!0,alias:"attr-value"},substitution:{pattern:/(^\|).+(?=\|$)/,lookbehind:!0,alias:"attr-value"},punctuation:/\*\*?|``?|\|/}}],link:[{pattern:/\[[^\]]+\]_(?=[\s\-.,:;!?\\\/'")\]}]|$)/,alias:"string",inside:{punctuation:/^\[|\]_$/}},{pattern:/(?:\b[a-z\d](?:[_.:+]?[a-z\d]+)*_?_|`[^`]+`_?_|_`[^`]+`)(?=[\s\-.,:;!?\\\/'")\]}]|$)/i,alias:"string",inside:{punctuation:/^_?`|`$|`?_?_$/}}],punctuation:{pattern:/(^\s*)(?:\|(?= |$)|(?:---?|—|\.\.|__)(?= )|\.\.$)/m,lookbehind:!0}};
 !function(e){e.languages.sass=e.languages.extend("css",{comment:{pattern:/^([ \t]*)\/[\/*].*(?:(?:\r?\n|\r)\1[ \t]+.+)*/m,lookbehind:!0}}),e.languages.insertBefore("sass","atrule",{"atrule-line":{pattern:/^(?:[ \t]*)[@+=].+/m,inside:{atrule:/(?:@[\w-]+|[+=])/m}}}),delete e.languages.sass.atrule;var a=/((\$[-_\w]+)|(#\{\$[-_\w]+\}))/i,t=[/[+*\/%]|[=!]=|<=?|>=?|\b(?:and|or|not)\b/,{pattern:/(\s+)-(?=\s)/,lookbehind:!0}];e.languages.insertBefore("sass","property",{"variable-line":{pattern:/^[ \t]*\$.+/m,inside:{punctuation:/:/,variable:a,operator:t}},"property-line":{pattern:/^[ \t]*(?:[^:\s]+ *:.*|:[^:\s]+.*)/m,inside:{property:[/[^:\s]+(?=\s*:)/,{pattern:/(:)[^:\s]+/,lookbehind:!0}],punctuation:/:/,variable:a,operator:t,important:e.languages.sass.important}}}),delete e.languages.sass.property,delete e.languages.sass.important,delete e.languages.sass.selector,e.languages.insertBefore("sass","punctuation",{selector:{pattern:/([ \t]*)\S(?:,?[^,\r\n]+)*(?:,(?:\r?\n|\r)\1[ \t]+\S(?:,?[^,\r\n]+)*)*/,lookbehind:!0}})}(Prism);
 Prism.languages.scss=Prism.languages.extend("css",{comment:{pattern:/(^|[^\\])(?:\/\*[\w\W]*?\*\/|\/\/.*)/,lookbehind:!0},atrule:{pattern:/@[\w-]+(?:\([^()]+\)|[^(])*?(?=\s+[{;])/,inside:{rule:/@[\w-]+/}},url:/(?:[-a-z]+-)*url(?=\()/i,selector:{pattern:/(?=\S)[^@;\{\}\(\)]?([^@;\{\}\(\)]|&|#\{\$[-_\w]+\})+(?=\s*\{(\}|\s|[^\}]+(:|\{)[^\}]+))/m,inside:{placeholder:/%[-_\w]+/}}}),Prism.languages.insertBefore("scss","atrule",{keyword:[/@(?:if|else(?: if)?|for|each|while|import|extend|debug|warn|mixin|include|function|return|content)/i,{pattern:/( +)(?:from|through)(?= )/,lookbehind:!0}]}),Prism.languages.insertBefore("scss","property",{variable:/\$[-_\w]+|#\{\$[-_\w]+\}/}),Prism.languages.insertBefore("scss","function",{placeholder:{pattern:/%[-_\w]+/,alias:"selector"},statement:/\B!(?:default|optional)\b/i,"boolean":/\b(?:true|false)\b/,"null":/\bnull\b/,operator:{pattern:/(\s)(?:[-+*\/%]|[=!]=|<=?|>=?|and|or|not)(?=\s)/,lookbehind:!0}}),Prism.languages.scss.atrule.inside.rest=Prism.util.clone(Prism.languages.scss);
diff --git a/website/index.jade b/website/index.jade
index 8a77ae5fe..cd8eecfa9 100644
--- a/website/index.jade
+++ b/website/index.jade
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ include _includes/_mixins
                 # Load English tokenizer, tagger, parser, NER and word vectors
                 nlp = spacy.load('en')
 
-                # Process a document, of any size
-                text = open('war_and_peace.txt').read()
+                # Process whole documents
+                text = open('customer_feedback_627.txt').read()
                 doc = nlp(text)
 
                 # Find named entities, phrases and concepts
diff --git a/website/usage/_linguistic-features/_dependency-parse.jade b/website/usage/_linguistic-features/_dependency-parse.jade
index b86ce5d0f..0b6cc53ba 100644
--- a/website/usage/_linguistic-features/_dependency-parse.jade
+++ b/website/usage/_linguistic-features/_dependency-parse.jade
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ p
     |  #[strong Text:] The original noun chunk text.#[br]
     |  #[strong Root text:] The original text of the word connecting the noun
     |  chunk to the rest of the parse.#[br]
-    |  #[strong Root dep:] Dependcy relation connecting the root to its head.#[br]
+    |  #[strong Root dep:] Dependency relation connecting the root to its head.#[br]
     |  #[strong Root head text:] The text of the root token's head.#[br]
 
 +table(["Text", "root.text", "root.dep_", "root.head.text"])
diff --git a/website/usage/_linguistic-features/_rule-based-matching.jade b/website/usage/_linguistic-features/_rule-based-matching.jade
index aa81106e6..d2bead022 100644
--- a/website/usage/_linguistic-features/_rule-based-matching.jade
+++ b/website/usage/_linguistic-features/_rule-based-matching.jade
@@ -354,7 +354,8 @@ p
         # append mock entity for match in displaCy style to matched_sents
         # get the match span by ofsetting the start and end of the span with the
         # start and end of the sentence in the doc
-        match_ents = [{'start': span.start-sent.start, 'end': span.end-sent.start,
+        match_ents = [{'start': span.start_char - sent.start_char, 
+                       'end': span.end_char - sent.start_char,
                        'label': 'MATCH'}]
         matched_sents.append({'text': sent.text, 'ents': match_ents })
 
diff --git a/website/usage/_models/_production.jade b/website/usage/_models/_production.jade
index 43f4b1ba9..1c64b37e5 100644
--- a/website/usage/_models/_production.jade
+++ b/website/usage/_models/_production.jade
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ p
 
 +code("requirements.txt", "text").
     spacy&gt;=2.0.0,&lt;3.0.0
-    -e #{gh("spacy-models")}/releases/download/en_core_web_sm-2.0.0/en_core_web_sm-2.0.0.tar.gz#en_core_web_sm
+    #{gh("spacy-models")}/releases/download/en_core_web_sm-2.0.0/en_core_web_sm-2.0.0.tar.gz#en_core_web_sm
 
 p
     |  Specifying #[code #egg=] with the package name tells pip
diff --git a/website/usage/_processing-pipelines/_custom-components.jade b/website/usage/_processing-pipelines/_custom-components.jade
index 71e88ca3d..7603297a5 100644
--- a/website/usage/_processing-pipelines/_custom-components.jade
+++ b/website/usage/_processing-pipelines/_custom-components.jade
@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ p
     class MyComponent(object):
         name = 'print_info'
 
-        def __init__(vocab, short_limit=10):
-            self.vocab = nlp.vocab
+        def __init__(self, vocab, short_limit=10):
+            self.vocab = vocab
             self.short_limit = short_limit
 
-        def __call__(doc):
+        def __call__(self, doc):
             if len(doc) &lt; self.short_limit:
                 print("This is a pretty short document.")
             return doc
@@ -100,7 +100,10 @@ p
         |  Set a default value for an attribute, which can be overwritten
         |  manually at any time. Attribute extensions work like "normal"
         |  variables and are the quickest way to store arbitrary information
-        |  on a #[code Doc], #[code Span] or #[code Token].
+        |  on a #[code Doc], #[code Span] or #[code Token]. Attribute defaults
+        |  behaves just like argument defaults
+        |  #[+a("http://docs.python-guide.org/en/latest/writing/gotchas/#mutable-default-arguments") in Python functions],
+        |  and should not be used for mutable values like dictionaries or lists.
 
         +code-wrapper
             +code.
diff --git a/website/usage/_processing-pipelines/_extensions.jade b/website/usage/_processing-pipelines/_extensions.jade
index fb46fe330..f0bc4c249 100644
--- a/website/usage/_processing-pipelines/_extensions.jade
+++ b/website/usage/_processing-pipelines/_extensions.jade
@@ -36,6 +36,24 @@ p
                 if token.text in ('apple', 'orange'):
                     token._.set('is_fruit', True)
 
+    +item
+        |  When using #[strong mutable values] like dictionaries or lists as
+        |  the #[code default] argument, keep in mind that they behave just like
+        |  mutable default arguments
+        |  #[+a("http://docs.python-guide.org/en/latest/writing/gotchas/#mutable-default-arguments") in Python functions].
+        |  This can easily cause unintended results, like the same value being
+        |  set on #[em all] objects instead of only one particular instance.
+        |  In most cases, it's better to use #[strong getters and setters], and
+        |  only set the #[code default] for boolean or string values.
+
+        +code-wrapper
+            +code-new.
+                Doc.set_extension('fruits', getter=get_fruits, setter=set_fruits)
+
+            +code-old.
+                Doc.set_extension('fruits', default={})
+                doc._.fruits['apple'] = u'🍎'  # all docs now have {'apple': u'🍎'}
+
     +item
         |  Always add your custom attributes to the #[strong global] #[code Doc]
         |  #[code Token] or #[code Span] objects, not a particular instance of
diff --git a/website/usage/_spacy-101/_lightning-tour.jade b/website/usage/_spacy-101/_lightning-tour.jade
index 493c15d35..f8dcc7ec5 100644
--- a/website/usage/_spacy-101/_lightning-tour.jade
+++ b/website/usage/_spacy-101/_lightning-tour.jade
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ p
     unicorn_text = doc.vocab.strings[unicorn_hash] # '🦄 '
 
 +infobox
-    |  #[+label-inline API:] #[+api("stringstore") #[code stringstore]]
+    |  #[+label-inline API:] #[+api("stringstore") #[code StringStore]]
     |  #[+label-inline Usage:] #[+a("/usage/spacy-101#vocab") Vocab, hashes and lexemes 101]
 
 +h(3, "lightning-tour-entities") Recognise and update named entities
@@ -102,6 +102,28 @@ p
 +infobox
     |  #[+label-inline Usage:] #[+a("/usage/linguistic-features#named-entities") Named entity recognition]
 
++h(3, "lightning-tour-training") Train and update neural network models
+    +tag-model
+
++code.
+    import spacy
+    import random
+
+    nlp = spacy.load('en')
+    train_data = [("Uber blew through $1 million", {'entities': [(0, 4, 'ORG')]})]
+
+    with nlp.disable_pipes([pipe for pipe in nlp.pipe_names if pipe != 'ner']):
+        optimizer = nlp.begin_training()
+        for i in range(10):
+            random.shuffle(train_data)
+            for text, annotations in train_data:
+                nlp.update([text], [annotations] sgd=optimizer)
+    nlp.to_disk('/model')
+
++infobox
+    |  #[+label-inline API:] #[+api("language#update") #[code Language.update]]
+    |  #[+label-inline Usage:] #[+a("/usage/training") Training spaCy&apos;s statistical models]
+
 +h(3, "lightning-tour-displacy") Visualize a dependency parse and named entities in your browser
     +tag-model("dependency parse", "NER")
     +tag-new(2)
@@ -183,11 +205,11 @@ p
     from spacy.vocab import Vocab
 
     nlp = spacy.load('en')
-    moby_dick = open('moby_dick.txt', 'r').read()
-    doc = nlp(moby_dick)
-    doc.to_disk('/moby_dick.bin')
+    customer_feedback = open('customer_feedback_627.txt').read()
+    doc = nlp(customer_feedback)
+    doc.to_disk('/tmp/customer_feedback_627.bin')
 
-    new_doc = Doc(Vocab()).from_disk('/moby_dick.bin')
+    new_doc = Doc(Vocab()).from_disk('/tmp/customer_feedback_627.bin')
 
 +infobox
     |  #[+label-inline API:] #[+api("language") #[code Language]],
@@ -210,7 +232,8 @@ p
     pattern2 = [[{'ORTH': emoji, 'OP': '+'}] for emoji in ['😀', '😂', '🤣', '😍']]
     matcher.add('GoogleIO', None, pattern1) # match "Google I/O" or "Google i/o"
     matcher.add('HAPPY', set_sentiment, *pattern2) # match one or more happy emoji
-    matches = nlp(LOTS_OF TEXT)
+    text = open('customer_feedback_627.txt').read()
+    matches = nlp(text)
 
 +infobox
     |  #[+label-inline API:] #[+api("matcher") #[code Matcher]]
diff --git a/website/usage/_vectors-similarity/_basics.jade b/website/usage/_vectors-similarity/_basics.jade
index 734495c6e..7e3f7b0e9 100644
--- a/website/usage/_vectors-similarity/_basics.jade
+++ b/website/usage/_vectors-similarity/_basics.jade
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ p
 p
     |  Interestingly, "man bites dog" and "man dog bites" are seen as slightly
     |  more similar than "man bites dog" and "dog bites man". This may be a
-    |  conincidence – or the result of "man" being interpreted as both sentence's
+    |  coincidence – or the result of "man" being interpreted as both sentence's
     |  subject.
 
 +table
diff --git a/website/usage/resources.jade b/website/usage/resources.jade
index d6afcd82f..536a92cf8 100644
--- a/website/usage/resources.jade
+++ b/website/usage/resources.jade
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ include ../_includes/_mixins
         +card("textacy", "https://github.com/chartbeat-labs/textacy", "Burton DeWilde", "github")
             |  Higher-level NLP built on spaCy.
 
+        +card("mordecai", "https://github.com/openeventdata/mordecai", "Andy Halterman", "github")
+            | Full text geoparsing using spaCy, Geonames and Keras.
+
+        +card("kindred", "https://github.com/jakelever/kindred", "Jake Lever", "github")
+            |  Biomedical relation extraction using spaCy.
+
         +card("spacyr", "https://github.com/kbenoit/spacyr", "Kenneth Benoit", "github")
             |  An R wrapper for spaCy.
 
@@ -55,6 +61,14 @@ include ../_includes/_mixins
             |  Pipeline component for emoji handling and adding emoji meta data
             |  to #[code Doc], #[code Token] and #[code Span] attributes.
 
+        +card("spacy_hunspell", "https://github.com/tokestermw/spacy_hunspell", "Motoki Wu", "github")
+            |  Add spellchecking and spelling suggestions to your spaCy pipeline
+            |  using Hunspell.
+
+        +card("spacy_cld", "https://github.com/nickdavidhaynes/spacy-cld", "Nicholas D Haynes", "github")
+            |  Add language detection to your spaCy pipeline using Compact
+            |  Language Detector 2 via PYCLD2.
+
     .u-text-right
         +button("https://github.com/topics/spacy-extension?o=desc&s=stars", false, "primary", "small") See more extensions on GitHub