diff --git a/spacy/en/tokenizer_exceptions.py b/spacy/en/tokenizer_exceptions.py
index 398ae486b..4df3fe535 100644
--- a/spacy/en/tokenizer_exceptions.py
+++ b/spacy/en/tokenizer_exceptions.py
@@ -5,1791 +5,279 @@ from ..symbols import *
 from ..language_data import PRON_LEMMA
 
 
-TOKENIZER_EXCEPTIONS = {
-    "and/or": [
-        {ORTH: "and/or", LEMMA: "and/or", TAG: "CC"}
-    ],
-
-    "Theydve": [
-        {ORTH: "They", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "shouldn't've": [
-        {ORTH: "should"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "There'll": [
-        {ORTH: "There"},
-        {ORTH: "'ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "howll": [
-        {ORTH: "how"},
-        {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "Hadn't've": [
-        {ORTH: "Had", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VBD"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "who'll": [
-        {ORTH: "who"},
-        {ORTH: "'ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "aint": [
-        {ORTH: "ai", TAG: "VBP", "number": 2, LEMMA: "be"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    " ": [
-        {TAG: "SP", ORTH: " "}
-    ],
-
-    "Shouldnt": [
-        {ORTH: "Should"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "when's": [
-        {ORTH: "when"},
-        {ORTH: "'s", LEMMA: "be"}
-    ],
-
-    "Didnt": [
-        {ORTH: "Did", LEMMA: "do", TAG: "VBD"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "itll": [
-        {ORTH: "it", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "Who're": [
-        {ORTH: "Who"},
-        {ORTH: "'re", LEMMA: "be"}
-    ],
-
-    "Ain't": [
-        {ORTH: "Ai", TAG: "VBP", "number": 2, LEMMA: "be"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Can't": [
-        {ORTH: "Ca", LEMMA: "can", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Whyre": [
-        {ORTH: "Why"},
-        {ORTH: "re"}
-    ],
-
-    "Aren't": [
-        {ORTH: "Are", TAG: "VBP", "number": 2, LEMMA: "be"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Neednt": [
-        {ORTH: "Need"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "should've": [
-        {ORTH: "should"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "shouldn't": [
-        {ORTH: "should"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Idve": [
-        {ORTH: "I", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "weve": [
-        {ORTH: "we"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Ive": [
-        {ORTH: "I", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "they'd": [
-        {ORTH: "they", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "Youdve": [
-        {ORTH: "You", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "theyve": [
-        {ORTH: "they", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Weren't": [
-        {ORTH: "Were"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "werent": [
-        {ORTH: "were"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "whyre": [
-        {ORTH: "why"},
-        {ORTH: "re"}
-    ],
-
-    "I'm": [
-        {ORTH: "I", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'m", TAG: "VBP", "tenspect": 1, "number": 1, LEMMA: "be"}
-    ],
-
-    "She'd've": [
-        {ORTH: "She", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "not've": [
-        {ORTH: "not", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "we'll": [
-        {ORTH: "we"},
-        {ORTH: "'ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "Don't": [
-        {ORTH: "Do", LEMMA: "do"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Whyll": [
-        {ORTH: "Why"},
-        {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "they've": [
-        {ORTH: "they", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "wasn't": [
-        {ORTH: "was"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "could've": [
-        {ORTH: "could", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "what've": [
-        {ORTH: "what"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "havent": [
-        {ORTH: "have", TAG: "VB"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Who've": [
-        {ORTH: "Who"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Shan't": [
-        {ORTH: "Sha", LEMMA: "shall"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "i'll": [
-        {ORTH: "i", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "you'd": [
-        {ORTH: "you", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "whens": [
-        {ORTH: "when"},
-        {ORTH: "s", LEMMA: "be"}
-    ],
-
-    "whys": [
-        {ORTH: "why"},
-        {ORTH: "s"}
-    ],
-
-    "Whereve": [
-        {ORTH: "Where"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "\u00a0": [
-        {ORTH: "\u00a0", TAG: "SP", LEMMA: "  "}
-    ],
-
-    "there'd": [
-        {ORTH: "there"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "hadn't've": [
-        {ORTH: "had", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VBD"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "whatll": [
-        {ORTH: "what"},
-        {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "wouldn't've": [
-        {ORTH: "would"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "there's": [
-        {ORTH: "there"},
-        {ORTH: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "Who'll": [
-        {ORTH: "Who"},
-        {ORTH: "'ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "youll": [
-        {ORTH: "you", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "wouldve": [
-        {ORTH: "would"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Wouldnt": [
-        {ORTH: "Would"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Thered": [
-        {ORTH: "There"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "Youre": [
-        {ORTH: "You", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "re", LEMMA: "be"}
-    ],
-
-    "Couldn't've": [
-        {ORTH: "Could", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "who're": [
-        {ORTH: "who"},
-        {ORTH: "'re", LEMMA: "be"}
-    ],
-
-    "Whys": [
-        {ORTH: "Why"},
-        {ORTH: "s"}
-    ],
-
-    "mightn't've": [
-        {ORTH: "might"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Wholl": [
-        {ORTH: "Who"},
-        {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "hadn't": [
-        {ORTH: "had", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VBD"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Havent": [
-        {ORTH: "Have", TAG: "VB"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Whatve": [
-        {ORTH: "What"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Thats": [
-        {ORTH: "That"},
-        {ORTH: "s"}
-    ],
-
-    "Howll": [
-        {ORTH: "How"},
-        {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "wouldn't": [
-        {ORTH: "would"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "You'll": [
-        {ORTH: "You", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "Cant": [
-        {ORTH: "Ca", LEMMA: "can", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "i'd": [
-        {ORTH: "i", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "weren't": [
-        {ORTH: "were"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "would've": [
-        {ORTH: "would"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "i'm": [
-        {ORTH: "i", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'m", TAG: "VBP", "tenspect": 1, "number": 1, LEMMA: "be"}
-    ],
-
-    "why'll": [
-        {ORTH: "why"},
-        {ORTH: "'ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "we'd've": [
-        {ORTH: "we"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Shouldve": [
-        {ORTH: "Should"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "can't": [
-        {ORTH: "ca", LEMMA: "can", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "thats": [
-        {ORTH: "that"},
-        {ORTH: "s"}
-    ],
-
-    "Hes": [
-        {ORTH: "He", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "s"}
-    ],
-
-    "Needn't": [
-        {ORTH: "Need"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "It's": [
-        {ORTH: "It", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "Why're": [
-        {ORTH: "Why"},
-        {ORTH: "'re", LEMMA: "be"}
-    ],
-
-    "Hed": [
-        {ORTH: "He", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
+EXC = {}
+
+EXCLUDE_EXC = ["Ill", "ill", "Hell", "hell", "Well", "well", "Whore", "whore"]
+
+
+# Pronouns
+
+for pron in ["i"]:
+    for orth in [pron, pron.title()]:
+        EXC[orth + "'m"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "'m", LEMMA: "be", TAG: "VBP", "tenspect": 1, "number": 1}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[pron + "m"] = [
+            {ORTH: pron, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "m", LEMMA: "be", TAG: "VBP", "tenspect": 1, "number": 1 }
+        ]
+
+        EXC[pron + "'ma"] = [
+            {ORTH: pron, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "'m", LEMMA: "be", NORM: "am"},
+            {ORTH: "a", LEMMA: "going to", NORM: "gonna"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[pron + "ma"] = [
+            {ORTH: pron, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "m", LEMMA: "be", NORM: "am"},
+            {ORTH: "a", LEMMA: "going to", NORM: "gonna"}
+        ]
+
+
+for pron in ["i", "you", "he", "she", "it", "we", "they"]:
+    for orth in [pron, pron.title()]:
+        EXC[orth + "'ll"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "'ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "ll"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "'ve"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "ve"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "'ll've"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "'ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"},
+            {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "llve"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"},
+            {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "'d"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "d"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "'d've"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
+            {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "dve"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
+            {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+
+for pron in ["you", "we", "they"]:
+    for orth in [pron, pron.title()]:
+        EXC[orth + "'re"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "'re", LEMMA: "be", NORM: "are"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "re"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth, LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
+            {ORTH: "re", LEMMA: "be", NORM: "are"}
+        ]
+
+
+# W-words, relative pronouns, prepositions etc.
+
+for word in ["who", "what", "when", "where", "why", "how", "there", "that"]:
+    for orth in [word, word.title()]:
+        EXC[orth + "'s"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth},
+            {ORTH: "'s"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "s"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth},
+            {ORTH: "s"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "'ll"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth},
+            {ORTH: "'ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "ll"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth},
+            {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "'ll've"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth},
+            {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"},
+            {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "llve"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth},
+            {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"},
+            {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "'re"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth},
+            {ORTH: "'re", LEMMA: "be", NORM: "are"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "re"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth},
+            {ORTH: "re", LEMMA: "be", NORM: "are"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "'ve"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth},
+            {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "ve"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth},
+            {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "'d"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth},
+            {ORTH: "'d"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "d"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth},
+            {ORTH: "d"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "'d've"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth},
+            {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
+            {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[orth + "dve"] = [
+            {ORTH: orth},
+            {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
+            {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+
+# Verbs
+
+for verb_data in [
+    {ORTH: "ca", LEMMA: "can", TAG: "MD"},
+    {ORTH: "could", TAG: "MD"},
+    {ORTH: "do", LEMMA: "do"},
+    {ORTH: "does", LEMMA: "do"},
+    {ORTH: "did", LEMMA: "do", TAG: "VBD"},
+    {ORTH: "had", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VBD"},
+    {ORTH: "might"},
+    {ORTH: "must"},
+    {ORTH: "need"},
+    {ORTH: "sha", LEMMA: "shall"},
+    {ORTH: "should"},
+    {ORTH: "wo", LEMMA: "will"},
+    {ORTH: "would"}
+]:
+    verb_data_tc = dict(verb_data)
+    verb_data_tc[ORTH] = verb_data_tc[ORTH].title()
+
+    for data in [verb_data, verb_data_tc]:
+        EXC[data[ORTH] + "n't"] = [
+            dict(data),
+            {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[data[ORTH] + "nt"] = [
+            dict(data),
+            {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[data[ORTH] + "n't've"] = [
+            {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
+            {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[data[ORTH] + "ntve"] = [
+            {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
+            {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+
+for verb_data in [
+    {ORTH: "could", TAG: "MD"},
+    {ORTH: "might"},
+    {ORTH: "must"},
+    {ORTH: "should"}
+]:
+    verb_data_tc = dict(verb_data)
+    verb_data_tc[ORTH] = verb_data_tc[ORTH].title()
+
+    for data in [verb_data, verb_data_tc]:
+        EXC[data[ORTH] + "'ve"] = [
+            dict(data),
+            {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[data[ORTH] + "ve"] = [
+            dict(data),
+            {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+        ]
+
+
+for verb_data in [
+    {ORTH: "ai", TAG: "VBP", "number": 2, LEMMA: "be"},
+    {ORTH: "are", LEMMA: "be", TAG: "VBP", "number": 2},
+    {ORTH: "is", LEMMA: "be", TAG: "VBZ"},
+    {ORTH: "was", LEMMA: "be"},
+    {ORTH: "were", LEMMA: "be"}
+]:
+    verb_data_tc = dict(verb_data)
+    verb_data_tc[ORTH] = verb_data_tc[ORTH].title()
+
+    for data in [verb_data, verb_data_tc]:
+        EXC[data[ORTH] + "n't"] = [
+            dict(data),
+            {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
+        ]
+
+        EXC[data[ORTH] + "nt"] = [
+            dict(data),
+            {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
+        ]
+
+
+# Abbreviations
+
+ABBREVIATIONS = {
     "Mt.": [
         {ORTH: "Mt.", LEMMA: "Mount"}
     ],
 
-    "couldn't": [
-        {ORTH: "could", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "What've": [
-        {ORTH: "What"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "It'd": [
-        {ORTH: "It", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "theydve": [
-        {ORTH: "they", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "aren't": [
-        {ORTH: "are", TAG: "VBP", "number": 2, LEMMA: "be"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Mightn't": [
-        {ORTH: "Might"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "'S": [
-        {ORTH: "'S", LEMMA: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "I've": [
-        {ORTH: "I", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Whered": [
-        {ORTH: "Where"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "Itdve": [
-        {ORTH: "It", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "I'ma": [
-        {ORTH: "I", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'ma"}
-    ],
-
-    "whos": [
-        {ORTH: "who"},
-        {ORTH: "s"}
-    ],
-
-    "They'd": [
-        {ORTH: "They", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "What'll": [
-        {ORTH: "What"},
-        {ORTH: "'ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "You've": [
-        {ORTH: "You", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Mustve": [
-        {ORTH: "Must"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "whod": [
-        {ORTH: "who"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "mightntve": [
-        {ORTH: "might"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "I'd've": [
-        {ORTH: "I", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Must've": [
-        {ORTH: "Must"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "it'd": [
-        {ORTH: "it", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "what're": [
-        {ORTH: "what"},
-        {ORTH: "'re", LEMMA: "be", NORM: "are"}
-    ],
-
-    "Wasn't": [
-        {ORTH: "Was"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "what's": [
-        {ORTH: "what"},
-        {ORTH: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "he'd've": [
-        {ORTH: "he", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "She'd": [
-        {ORTH: "She", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "shedve": [
-        {ORTH: "she", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "ain't": [
-        {ORTH: "ai", TAG: "VBP", "number": 2, LEMMA: "be"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "She's": [
-        {ORTH: "i", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "i'd've": [
-        {ORTH: "i", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "We'd've": [
-        {ORTH: "We"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "must've": [
-        {ORTH: "must"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "That's": [
-        {ORTH: "That"},
-        {ORTH: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "whatre": [
-        {ORTH: "what"},
-        {ORTH: "re"}
-    ],
-
-    "you'd've": [
-        {ORTH: "you", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Dont": [
-        {ORTH: "Do", LEMMA: "do"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "thered": [
-        {ORTH: "there"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "Youd": [
-        {ORTH: "You", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "couldn't've": [
-        {ORTH: "could", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Whens": [
-        {ORTH: "When"},
-        {ORTH: "s"}
-    ],
-
-    "Isnt": [
-        {ORTH: "Is", LEMMA: "be", TAG: "VBZ"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "mightve": [
-        {ORTH: "might"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "didnt": [
-        {ORTH: "did", LEMMA: "do", TAG: "VBD"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "ive": [
-        {ORTH: "i", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "It'd've": [
-        {ORTH: "It", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "\t": [
-        {ORTH: "\t", TAG: "SP"}
-    ],
-
-    "Itll": [
-        {ORTH: "It", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "didn't": [
-        {ORTH: "did", LEMMA: "do", TAG: "VBD"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "cant": [
-        {ORTH: "ca", LEMMA: "can", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "im": [
-        {ORTH: "i", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "m", TAG: "VBP", "tenspect": 1, "number": 1, LEMMA: "be"}
-    ],
-
-    "they'd've": [
-        {ORTH: "they", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Hadntve": [
-        {ORTH: "Had", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VBD"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Weve": [
-        {ORTH: "We"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Mightnt": [
-        {ORTH: "Might"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "youdve": [
-        {ORTH: "you", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Shedve": [
-        {ORTH: "i", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "theyd": [
-        {ORTH: "they", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "Cannot": [
-        {ORTH: "Can", LEMMA: "can", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "not", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Hadn't": [
-        {ORTH: "Had", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VBD"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "What're": [
-        {ORTH: "What"},
-        {ORTH: "'re", LEMMA: "be", NORM: "are"}
-    ],
-
-    "He'll": [
-        {ORTH: "He", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "wholl": [
-        {ORTH: "who"},
-        {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "They're": [
-        {ORTH: "They", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'re", LEMMA: "be", NORM: "are"}
-    ],
-
-    "shouldnt": [
-        {ORTH: "should"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "\n": [
-        {ORTH: "\n", TAG: "SP"}
-    ],
-
-    "whered": [
-        {ORTH: "where"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "youve": [
-        {ORTH: "you", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "notve": [
-        {ORTH: "not", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "couldve": [
-        {ORTH: "could", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "mustve": [
-        {ORTH: "must"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Youve": [
-        {ORTH: "You", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "therell": [
-        {ORTH: "there"},
-        {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "might've": [
-        {ORTH: "might"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Mustn't": [
-        {ORTH: "Must"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "wheres": [
-        {ORTH: "where"},
-        {ORTH: "s"}
-    ],
-
-    "they're": [
-        {ORTH: "they", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'re", LEMMA: "be", NORM: "are"}
-    ],
-
-    "idve": [
-        {ORTH: "i", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "hows": [
-        {ORTH: "how"},
-        {ORTH: "s"}
-    ],
-
-    "youre": [
-        {ORTH: "you", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "re", LEMMA: "be", NORM: "are"}
-    ],
-
-    "Didn't": [
-        {ORTH: "Did", LEMMA: "do", TAG: "VBD"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Couldve": [
-        {ORTH: "Could", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "cannot": [
-        {ORTH: "can", LEMMA: "can", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "not", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Im": [
-        {ORTH: "I", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "m", TAG: "VBP", "tenspect": 1, "number": 1, LEMMA: "be", NORM: "am"}
-    ],
-
-    "howd": [
-        {ORTH: "how"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "you've": [
-        {ORTH: "you", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "You're": [
-        {ORTH: "You", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'re", LEMMA: "be", NORM: "are"}
-    ],
-
-    "she'll": [
-        {ORTH: "she", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "Theyll": [
-        {ORTH: "They", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "ll", LEMMA: "will", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "don't": [
-        {ORTH: "do", LEMMA: "do"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "itd": [
-        {ORTH: "it", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "Hedve": [
-        {ORTH: "He", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "isnt": [
-        {ORTH: "is", LEMMA: "be", TAG: "VBZ"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "won't": [
-        {ORTH: "wo", LEMMA: "will"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "We're": [
-        {ORTH: "We", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'re", LEMMA: "be", NORM: "are"}
-    ],
-
-    "\u2018S": [
-        {ORTH: "\u2018S", LEMMA: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "\u2018s": [
-        {ORTH: "\u2018s", LEMMA: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "dont": [
-        {ORTH: "do", LEMMA: "do"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "ima": [
-        {ORTH: "i", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "ma"}
-    ],
-
-    "Let's": [
-        {ORTH: "Let"},
-        {ORTH: "'s", LEMMA: "us"}
-    ],
-
-    "he's": [
-        {ORTH: "he", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "we've": [
-        {ORTH: "we"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "What's": [
-        {ORTH: "What"},
-        {ORTH: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "Who's": [
-        {ORTH: "Who"},
-        {ORTH: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "hedve": [
-        {ORTH: "he", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "he'd": [
-        {ORTH: "he", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "When's": [
-        {ORTH: "When"},
-        {ORTH: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "Mightn't've": [
-        {ORTH: "Might"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "We've": [
-        {ORTH: "We"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Couldntve": [
-        {ORTH: "Could", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Who'd": [
-        {ORTH: "Who"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "haven't": [
-        {ORTH: "have", TAG: "VB"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "arent": [
-        {ORTH: "are", TAG: "VBP", "number": 2, LEMMA: "be"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "You'd've": [
-        {ORTH: "You", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, TAG: "PRP"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Wouldn't": [
-        {ORTH: "Would"},
-        {ORTH: "n't", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
-
-    "who's": [
-        {ORTH: "who"},
-        {ORTH: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "Mightve": [
-        {ORTH: "Might"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "Theredve": [
-        {ORTH: "There"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "theredve": [
-        {ORTH: "there"},
-        {ORTH: "d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"},
-        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
-    ],
-
-    "who'd": [
-        {ORTH: "who"},
-        {ORTH: "'d", LEMMA: "would", TAG: "MD"}
-    ],
-
-    "Where's": [
-        {ORTH: "Where"},
-        {ORTH: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "wont": [
-        {ORTH: "wo", LEMMA: "will"},
-        {ORTH: "nt", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
-    ],
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-
-    "that's": [
-        {ORTH: "that"},
-        {ORTH: "'s"}
-    ],
-
-    "'em": [
-        {ORTH: "'em", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, NORM: "them"}
-    ],
-
-    "ol'": [
-        {ORTH: "ol'", LEMMA: "old"}
-    ],
-
     "Ak.": [
         {ORTH: "Ak.", LEMMA: "Alaska"}
     ],
@@ -2000,6 +488,153 @@ TOKENIZER_EXCEPTIONS = {
 }
 
 
+# Other exceptions
+
+OTHER = {
+    " ": [
+        {ORTH: " ", TAG: "SP"}
+    ],
+
+    "\u00a0": [
+        {ORTH: "\u00a0", TAG: "SP", LEMMA: "  "}
+    ],
+
+    "and/or": [
+        {ORTH: "and/or", LEMMA: "and/or", TAG: "CC"}
+    ],
+
+    "'cause": [
+        {ORTH: "'cause", LEMMA: "because"}
+    ],
+
+    "y'all": [
+        {ORTH: "y'", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, NORM: "you"},
+        {ORTH: "all"}
+    ],
+
+    "yall": [
+        {ORTH: "y", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, NORM: "you"},
+        {ORTH: "all"}
+    ],
+
+    "'em": [
+        {ORTH: "'em", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, NORM: "them"}
+    ],
+
+    "em": [
+        {ORTH: "em", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, NORM: "them"}
+    ],
+
+    "nothin'": [
+        {ORTH: "nothin'", LEMMA: "nothing"}
+    ],
+
+    "nuthin'": [
+        {ORTH: "nuthin'", LEMMA: "nothing"}
+    ],
+
+    "'nuff": [
+        {ORTH: "'nuff", LEMMA: "enough"}
+    ],
+
+    "ol'": [
+        {ORTH: "ol'", LEMMA: "old"}
+    ],
+
+    "not've": [
+        {ORTH: "not", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
+        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+    ],
+
+    "notve": [
+        {ORTH: "not", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
+        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+    ],
+
+    "Not've": [
+        {ORTH: "Not", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
+        {ORTH: "'ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+    ],
+
+    "Notve": [
+        {ORTH: "Not", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"},
+        {ORTH: "ve", LEMMA: "have", TAG: "VB"}
+    ],
+
+    "cannot": [
+        {ORTH: "can", LEMMA: "can", TAG: "MD"},
+        {ORTH: "not", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
+    ],
+
+    "Cannot": [
+        {ORTH: "Can", LEMMA: "can", TAG: "MD"},
+        {ORTH: "not", LEMMA: "not", TAG: "RB"}
+    ],
+
+    "gonna": [
+        {ORTH: "gon", LEMMA: "go", NORM: "going"},
+        {ORTH: "na", LEMMA: "to"}
+    ],
+
+    "Gonna": [
+        {ORTH: "Gon", LEMMA: "go", NORM: "going"},
+        {ORTH: "na", LEMMA: "to"}
+    ],
+
+    "let's": [
+        {ORTH: "let"},
+        {ORTH: "'s", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, NORM: "us"}
+    ],
+
+    "Let's": [
+        {ORTH: "Let"},
+        {ORTH: "'s", LEMMA: PRON_LEMMA, NORM: "us"}
+    ],
+
+    "'S": [
+        {ORTH: "'S", LEMMA: "'s"}
+    ],
+
+    "'s": [
+        {ORTH: "'s", LEMMA: "'s"}
+    ],
+
+    "\u2018S": [
+        {ORTH: "\u2018S", LEMMA: "'s"}
+    ],
+
+    "\u2018s": [
+        {ORTH: "\u2018s", LEMMA: "'s"}
+    ],
+
+    "\u2014": [
+        {ORTH: "\u2014", TAG: ":", LEMMA: "--"}
+    ],
+
+    "\n": [
+        {ORTH: "\n", TAG: "SP"}
+    ],
+
+    "\t": [
+        {ORTH: "\t", TAG: "SP"}
+    ]
+}
+
+
+TOKENIZER_EXCEPTIONS = dict(EXC)
+TOKENIZER_EXCEPTIONS.update(ABBREVIATIONS)
+TOKENIZER_EXCEPTIONS.update(OTHER)
+
+
+# Remove EXCLUDE_EXC if in exceptions
+
+for string in EXCLUDE_EXC:
+    if string in TOKENIZER_EXCEPTIONS:
+        TOKENIZER_EXCEPTIONS.pop(string)
+
+
+# Abbreviations with only one ORTH token
+
 ORTH_ONLY = [
     "''",
     "\")",