Merge changes from master

.github/CONTRIBUTOR_AGREEMENT.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
 The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
 managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
 you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
-[ExplosionAI UG GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
 **"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
 
 If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested

.github/contributors/Azagh3l.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Ranty Baptiste       |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 11/06/2019          |
+| GitHub username                | Azagh3l              |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/Bharat123rox.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Bharat Raghunathan   |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 19 - 03 - 2019       |
+| GitHub username                | Bharat123rox         |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/BreakBB.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your 
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                    |
+|------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
+| Name                           | Björn Böing              |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                          |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                          |
+| Date                           | 15.04.2019               |
+| GitHub username                | BreakBB                  |
+| Website (optional)             |                          |

.github/contributors/Dobita21.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           |  Nattapol            |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           |  18.04.2019          |
+| GitHub username                |  Dobita21            |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/F0rge1cE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           |  Icarus Xu           |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           |  05/06/2019          |
+| GitHub username                |  F0rge1cE            |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/FallakAsad.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [X] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           |                      |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           |                      |
+| GitHub username                |                      |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/HiromuHota.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Hiromu Hota          |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | Hitachi America, Ltd.|
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | Researcher           |
+| Date                           | 2019-03-25           |
+| GitHub username                | HiromuHota           |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/NirantK.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Nirant Kasliwal      |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           |                      |
+| GitHub username                | NirantK              |
+| Website (optional)             | https://nirantk.com  |

.github/contributors/Pavle992.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Pavle Vidanović      |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | -                    |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | -                    |
+| Date                           | August 4, 2019       |
+| GitHub username                | Pavle992             |
+| Website (optional)             | -                    |

.github/contributors/Poluglottos.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
 The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
 managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
 you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
-[ExplosionAI UG GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
 **"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
 
 If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested

.github/contributors/SamuelLKane.md

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Samuel Kane          |
+| Date                           | 3/20/19              |
+| GitHub username                | SamuelLKane          |
+| Website (optional)             | samuel-kane.com      |

.github/contributors/aaronkub.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Aaron Kub            |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 2019-05-09           |
+| GitHub username                | aaronkub             |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/akornilo.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Anastassia Kornilova |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | /                    |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | /                    |
+| Date                           | 01.08.2019           |
+| GitHub username                | akornilo             |
+| Website (optional)             | akornilo.com         |

.github/contributors/ameyuuno.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your 
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Alexey Kim           |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 2019-07-09           |
+| GitHub username                | ameyuuno             |
+| Website (optional)             | https://ameyuuno.io  |

.github/contributors/amitness.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [X] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Amit Chaudhary                     |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           |  April 29, 2019                    |
+| GitHub username                |  amitness      |
+| Website (optional)             |  https://amitness.com                    |

.github/contributors/askhogan.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [X] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Patrick Hogan        |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 7/7/2019             |
+| GitHub username                | askhogan@gmail.com   |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/b1uec0in.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Bae, Yong-Ju         |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 2019-07-25           |
+| GitHub username                | b1uec0in             |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/bjascob.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Brad Jascob          |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | n/a                  |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | Software Engineer    |
+| Date                           | 04/25/2019           |
+| GitHub username                | bjascob              |
+| Website (optional)             | n/a                  |

.github/contributors/bryant1410.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Santiago Castro      |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 2019-04-09           |
+| GitHub username                | bryant1410           |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/cedar101.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your 
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                    |
+|------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
+| Name                           | Kim, Baeg-il             |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                          |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                          |
+| Date                           | 2019-07-03               |
+| GitHub username                | cedar101                 |
+| Website (optional)             |                          |

.github/contributors/celikomer.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           |  Omer Celik          |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           |  04/11/2019          |
+| GitHub username                |  celikomer           |
+| Website (optional)             |  www.ocelik.com      |

.github/contributors/clarus.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Guillaume Claret     |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | June 19, 2019        |
+| GitHub username                | clarus               |
+| Website (optional)             | guillaume.claret.me  |

.github/contributors/demongolem.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [X] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           |    Gregory Werner    |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           |    5/29/2019         |
+| GitHub username                |    demongolem        |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/elbaulp.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [X] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Alejandro Alcalde    |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | Data Scientist       |
+| Date                           | 07/17/2019           |
+| GitHub username                | elbaulp              |
+| Website (optional)             | [elbauldelprogramador.com](https://elbauldelprogramador.com/en/) |

.github/contributors/estr4ng7d.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           |   Amey Baviskar      |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           |   21-May-2019        |
+| GitHub username                |   estr4ng7d          |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/fizban99.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           |  A.I.M.              |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           |  16.04.2019          |
+| GitHub username                |  fizban99            |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/graus.md

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | David Graus          |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 28.03.2019           |
+| GitHub username                | graus                |
+| Website (optional)             | graus.nu             |
+

.github/contributors/henry860916.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                    |
+|------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
+| Name                           | Henry Zhang              |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                          |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                          |
+| Date                           | 2019-04-30               |
+| GitHub username                | henry860916              |
+| Website (optional)             |                          |

.github/contributors/intrafindBreno.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your 
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                    |
+|------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
+| Name                           | Breno Faria              |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | IntraFind                |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | Product Lead             |
+| Date                           | 03.06.2019               |
+| GitHub username                | intrafindBreno           |
+| Website (optional)             |                          |

.github/contributors/ivigamberdiev.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Igor Igamberdiev     |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | April 2, 2019        |
+| GitHub username                | ivigamberdiev        |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/jeannefukumaru.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | jeanneC              |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 4th April 2019       |
+| GitHub username                | jeannefukumaru       |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/jenojp.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [X] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Jeno Pizarro         |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |  IBM                 |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |  Data Scientist and Software Developer |
+| Date                           |  3 August 2019       |
+| GitHub username                |  jenojp              |
+| Website (optional)             |  https://www.linkedin.com/in/jenojp/ |

.github/contributors/kabirkhan.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your 
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                    |
+|------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
+| Name                           | Kabir Khan               |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                          |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                          |
+| Date                           | 2019-04-08               |
+| GitHub username                | kabirkhan                |
+| Website (optional)             |                          |

.github/contributors/khellan.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Knut O. Hellan       |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 02.07.2019           |
+| GitHub username                | khellan              |
+| Website (optional)             | knuthellan.com       |

.github/contributors/kognate.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [X] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Joshua B. Smith      |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | July 7, 2019         |
+| GitHub username                | kognate              |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/ldorigo.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Luca Dorigo          |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | /                    |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | /                    |
+| Date                           | 08.05.2019           |
+| GitHub username                | ldorigo              |
+| Website (optional)             | /                    |

.github/contributors/mdaudali.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Mohammed Daudali     |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 30 July 2019         |
+| GitHub username                | mdaudali             |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/munozbravo.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Germán Muñoz |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 2019-06-01 |
+| GitHub username                | munozbravo |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/nipunsadvilkar.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           |      Nipun Sadvilkar |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           |      31st May, 2019  |
+| GitHub username                |        nipunsadvilkar|
+| Website (optional)             |https://nipunsadvilkar.github.io/|

.github/contributors/nlptown.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Yves Peirsman        |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | NLP Town (Island Constraints BVBA) |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | Co-founder           |
+| Date                           | 14.03.2019           |
+| GitHub username                | nlptown              |
+| Website (optional)             | http://www.nlp.town  |

.github/contributors/pickfire.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Ivan Tham Jun Hoe    |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | Semut                |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | Data Analyst         |
+| Date                           | Apr 11, 2019         |
+| GitHub username                | pickfire             |
+| Website (optional)             | https://pickfire.tk  |

.github/contributors/pmbaumgartner.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Peter Baumgartner                     |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | July 14, 2019                     |
+| GitHub username                | pmbaumgartner                     |
+| Website (optional)             | pmbaumgartner.github.io                     |

.github/contributors/richardpaulhudson.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Richard Paul Hudson  |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | msg systems ag       |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | Principal IT Consultant|
+| Date                           | 06. May 2019         |
+| GitHub username                | richardpaulhudson    |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/rokasramas.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                   |
+|------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
+| Name                           | Rokas Ramanauskas       |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | TokenMill               |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | Software Engineer       |
+| Date                           | 2019-07-02              |
+| GitHub username                | rokasramas              |
+| Website (optional)             | http://www.tokenmill.lt |

.github/contributors/socool.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your 
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Kamolsit Mongkolsrisawat           |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | Mojito                   |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 02-4-2019           |
+| GitHub username                | socool               |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/ujwal-narayan.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           |      Ujwal Narayan   |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           |   17/05/2019         |
+| GitHub username                |   ujwal-narayan      |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/veer-bains.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+spaCy contributor agreement
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement ("SCA") is based on the Oracle Contributor Agreement. The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project managed by us (the "project"), and sets out the intellectual property rights you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term "us" shall mean ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt). The term "you" shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the folder .github/contributors/. The name of the file should be your GitHub username, with the extension .md. For example, the user example_user would create the file .github/contributors/example_user.md.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+Contributor Agreement
+The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code, object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual, documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and registrations, in your contribution:
+
+you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements;
+
+you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or distribution of your contribution.
+
+With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual property rights; and
+
+each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT mark both statements:
+
+ I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my contributions.
+
+ I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+Contributor Details
+Field	Entry
+Name	Veer Bains
+Company name (if applicable)	
+Title or role (if applicable)	
+Date	2010-08-05
+GitHub username	veer-bains
+Website (optional)	

.github/contributors/w4nderlust.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                  |
+|------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
+| Name                           | Piero Molino           |
+| Company name (if applicable)   | Uber                   |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  | Sr. Research Scientist |
+| Date                           | 06 - 04 - 2019         |
+| GitHub username                | w4nderlust             |
+| Website (optional)             | http://w4nderlu.st     |

.github/contributors/wannaphongcom.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI UG (haftungsbeschränkt)](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your 
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Wannaphong Phatthiyaphaibun           |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 25-3-2019           |
+| GitHub username                | wannaphongcom               |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/xssChauhan.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           |       Shikhar Chauhan               |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           |      12/11/2019                |
+| GitHub username                |      xssChauhan                |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.github/contributors/yaph.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           | Ramiro Gómez         |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           | 2019-04-29           |
+| GitHub username                | yaph                 |
+| Website (optional)             | http://ramiro.org/   |

.github/contributors/yashpatadia.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# spaCy contributor agreement
+
+This spaCy Contributor Agreement (**"SCA"**) is based on the
+[Oracle Contributor Agreement](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/oca-405177.pdf).
+The SCA applies to any contribution that you make to any product or project
+managed by us (the **"project"**), and sets out the intellectual property rights
+you grant to us in the contributed materials. The term **"us"** shall mean
+[ExplosionAI GmbH](https://explosion.ai/legal). The term
+**"you"** shall mean the person or entity identified below.
+
+If you agree to be bound by these terms, fill in the information requested
+below and include the filled-in version with your first pull request, under the
+folder [`.github/contributors/`](/.github/contributors/). The name of the file
+should be your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
+example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
+
+Read this agreement carefully before signing. These terms and conditions
+constitute a binding legal agreement.
+
+## Contributor Agreement
+
+1. The term "contribution" or "contributed materials" means any source code,
+object code, patch, tool, sample, graphic, specification, manual,
+documentation, or any other material posted or submitted by you to the project.
+
+2. With respect to any worldwide copyrights, or copyright applications and
+registrations, in your contribution:
+
+    * you hereby assign to us joint ownership, and to the extent that such
+    assignment is or becomes invalid, ineffective or unenforceable, you hereby
+    grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable, non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge,
+    royalty-free, unrestricted license to exercise all rights under those
+    copyrights. This includes, at our option, the right to sublicense these same
+    rights to third parties through multiple levels of sublicensees or other
+    licensing arrangements;
+
+    * you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your
+    contribution as if each of us were the sole owners, and if one of us makes
+    a derivative work of your contribution, the one who makes the derivative
+    work (or has it made will be the sole owner of that derivative work;
+
+    * you agree that you will not assert any moral rights in your contribution
+    against us, our licensees or transferees;
+
+    * you agree that we may register a copyright in your contribution and
+    exercise all ownership rights associated with it; and
+
+    * you agree that neither of us has any duty to consult with, obtain the
+    consent of, pay or render an accounting to the other for any use or
+    distribution of your contribution.
+
+3. With respect to any patents you own, or that you can license without payment
+to any third party, you hereby grant to us a perpetual, irrevocable,
+non-exclusive, worldwide, no-charge, royalty-free license to:
+
+    * make, have made, use, sell, offer to sell, import, and otherwise transfer
+    your contribution in whole or in part, alone or in combination with or
+    included in any product, work or materials arising out of the project to
+    which your contribution was submitted, and
+
+    * at our option, to sublicense these same rights to third parties through
+    multiple levels of sublicensees or other licensing arrangements.
+
+4. Except as set out above, you keep all right, title, and interest in your
+contribution. The rights that you grant to us under these terms are effective
+on the date you first submitted a contribution to us, even if your submission
+took place before the date you sign these terms.
+
+5. You covenant, represent, warrant and agree that:
+
+    * Each contribution that you submit is and shall be an original work of
+    authorship and you can legally grant the rights set out in this SCA;
+
+    * to the best of your knowledge, each contribution will not violate any
+    third party's copyrights, trademarks, patents, or other intellectual
+    property rights; and
+
+    * each contribution shall be in compliance with U.S. export control laws and
+    other applicable export and import laws. You agree to notify us if you
+    become aware of any circumstance which would make any of the foregoing
+    representations inaccurate in any respect. We may publicly disclose your
+    participation in the project, including the fact that you have signed the SCA.
+
+6. This SCA is governed by the laws of the State of California and applicable
+U.S. Federal law. Any choice of law rules will not apply.
+
+7. Please place an “x” on one of the applicable statement below. Please do NOT
+mark both statements:
+
+    * [x] I am signing on behalf of myself as an individual and no other person
+    or entity, including my employer, has or will have rights with respect to my
+    contributions.
+
+    * [ ] I am signing on behalf of my employer or a legal entity and I have the
+    actual authority to contractually bind that entity.
+
+## Contributor Details
+
+| Field                          | Entry                |
+|------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Name                           |     Yash Patadia     |
+| Company name (if applicable)   |                      |
+| Title or role (if applicable)  |                      |
+| Date                           |      11/07/2019      |
+| GitHub username                |       yash1994       |
+| Website (optional)             |                      |

.gitignore

@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ parts/
 sdist/
 var/
 *.egg-info/
+pip-wheel-metadata/
+Pipfile.lock
 .installed.cfg
 *.egg
 .eggs

CITATION

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-@ARTICLE{spacy2,
+@unpublished{spacy2,
-   AUTHOR  = {Honnibal, Matthew AND Montani, Ines},
+    AUTHOR = {Honnibal, Matthew and Montani, Ines},
-   TITLE   = {spaCy 2: Natural language understanding with Bloom embeddings, convolutional neural networks and incremental parsing},
+    TITLE  = {{spaCy 2}: Natural language understanding with {B}loom embeddings, convolutional neural networks and incremental parsing},
-   YEAR    = {2017},
+    YEAR   = {2017},
-   JOURNAL = {To appear}
+    Note   = {To appear}
 }

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 
 # Contribute to spaCy
 
-Thanks for your interest in contributing to spaCy 🎉  The project is maintained
+Thanks for your interest in contributing to spaCy 🎉 The project is maintained
 by [@honnibal](https://github.com/honnibal) and [@ines](https://github.com/ines),
 and we'll do our best to help you get started. This page will give you a quick
 overview of how things are organised and most importantly, how to get involved.
 
 ## Table of contents
+
 1. [Issues and bug reports](#issues-and-bug-reports)
 2. [Contributing to the code base](#contributing-to-the-code-base)
 3. [Code conventions](#code-conventions)
@@ -42,33 +43,33 @@ can also submit a [regression test](#fixing-bugs) straight away. When you're
 opening an issue to report the bug, simply refer to your pull request in the
 issue body. A few more tips:
 
-* **Describing your issue:** Try to provide as many details as possible. What
+-   **Describing your issue:** Try to provide as many details as possible. What
-exactly goes wrong? *How* is it failing? Is there an error?
+    exactly goes wrong? _How_ is it failing? Is there an error?
-"XY doesn't work" usually isn't that helpful for tracking down problems. Always
+    "XY doesn't work" usually isn't that helpful for tracking down problems. Always
-remember to include the code you ran and if possible, extract only the relevant
+    remember to include the code you ran and if possible, extract only the relevant
-parts and don't just dump your entire script. This will make it easier for us to
+    parts and don't just dump your entire script. This will make it easier for us to
-reproduce the error.
+    reproduce the error.
 
-* **Getting info about your spaCy installation and environment:** If you're
+-   **Getting info about your spaCy installation and environment:** If you're
-using spaCy v1.7+, you can use the command line interface to print details and
+    using spaCy v1.7+, you can use the command line interface to print details and
-even format them as Markdown to copy-paste into GitHub issues:
+    even format them as Markdown to copy-paste into GitHub issues:
-`python -m spacy info --markdown`.
+    `python -m spacy info --markdown`.
 
-* **Checking the model compatibility:** If you're having problems with a
+-   **Checking the model compatibility:** If you're having problems with a
-[statistical model](https://spacy.io/models), it may be because the
+    [statistical model](https://spacy.io/models), it may be because the
-model is incompatible with your spaCy installation. In spaCy v2.0+, you can check
+    model is incompatible with your spaCy installation. In spaCy v2.0+, you can check
-this on the command line by running `python -m spacy validate`.
+    this on the command line by running `python -m spacy validate`.
 
-* **Sharing a model's output, like dependencies and entities:** spaCy v2.0+
+-   **Sharing a model's output, like dependencies and entities:** spaCy v2.0+
-comes with [built-in visualizers](https://spacy.io/usage/visualizers) that
+    comes with [built-in visualizers](https://spacy.io/usage/visualizers) that
-you can run from within your script or a Jupyter notebook. For some issues, it's
+    you can run from within your script or a Jupyter notebook. For some issues, it's
-helpful to **include a screenshot** of the visualization. You can simply drag and
+    helpful to **include a screenshot** of the visualization. You can simply drag and
-drop the image into GitHub's editor and it will be uploaded and included.
+    drop the image into GitHub's editor and it will be uploaded and included.
 
-* **Sharing long blocks of code or logs:** If you need to include long code,
+-   **Sharing long blocks of code or logs:** If you need to include long code,
-logs or tracebacks, you can wrap them in `<details>` and `</details>`. This
+    logs or tracebacks, you can wrap them in `<details>` and `</details>`. This
-[collapses the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/HTML/Element/details)
+    [collapses the content](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/HTML/Element/details)
-so it only becomes visible on click, making the issue easier to read and follow.
+    so it only becomes visible on click, making the issue easier to read and follow.
 
 ### Issue labels
 
@@ -94,39 +95,39 @@ shipped in the core library, and what could be provided in other packages. Our
 philosophy is to prefer a smaller core library. We generally ask the following
 questions:
 
-* **What would this feature look like if implemented in a separate package?**
+-   **What would this feature look like if implemented in a separate package?**
-Some features would be very difficult to implement externally – for example,
+    Some features would be very difficult to implement externally – for example,
-changes to spaCy's built-in methods. In contrast, a library of word
+    changes to spaCy's built-in methods. In contrast, a library of word
-alignment functions could easily live as a separate package that depended on
+    alignment functions could easily live as a separate package that depended on
-spaCy — there's little difference between writing `import word_aligner` and
+    spaCy — there's little difference between writing `import word_aligner` and
-`import spacy.word_aligner`. spaCy v2.0+ makes it easy to implement
+    `import spacy.word_aligner`. spaCy v2.0+ makes it easy to implement
-[custom pipeline components](https://spacy.io/usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components),
+    [custom pipeline components](https://spacy.io/usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components),
-and add  your own attributes, properties and methods to the `Doc`, `Token` and
+    and add your own attributes, properties and methods to the `Doc`, `Token` and
-`Span`.  If you're looking to implement a new spaCy feature, starting with a
+    `Span`. If you're looking to implement a new spaCy feature, starting with a
-custom  component package is usually the best strategy. You won't have to worry
+    custom component package is usually the best strategy. You won't have to worry
-about spaCy's internals and you can test your module in an isolated
+    about spaCy's internals and you can test your module in an isolated
-environment. And if it works well, we can always integrate it into the core
+    environment. And if it works well, we can always integrate it into the core
-library later.
+    library later.
 
-* **Would the feature be easier to implement if it relied on "heavy" dependencies spaCy doesn't currently require?**
+-   **Would the feature be easier to implement if it relied on "heavy" dependencies spaCy doesn't currently require?**
-Python has a very rich ecosystem. Libraries like scikit-learn, SciPy, Gensim or
+    Python has a very rich ecosystem. Libraries like scikit-learn, SciPy, Gensim or
-TensorFlow/Keras do lots of useful things — but we don't want to have them as
+    TensorFlow/Keras do lots of useful things — but we don't want to have them as
-dependencies. If the feature requires functionality in one of these libraries,
+    dependencies. If the feature requires functionality in one of these libraries,
-it's probably better to break it out into a different package.
+    it's probably better to break it out into a different package.
 
-* **Is the feature orthogonal to the current spaCy functionality, or overlapping?**
+-   **Is the feature orthogonal to the current spaCy functionality, or overlapping?**
-spaCy strongly prefers to avoid having 6 different ways of doing the same thing.
+    spaCy strongly prefers to avoid having 6 different ways of doing the same thing.
-As better techniques are developed, we prefer to drop support for "the old way".
+    As better techniques are developed, we prefer to drop support for "the old way".
-However, it's rare that one approach *entirely* dominates another. It's very
+    However, it's rare that one approach _entirely_ dominates another. It's very
-common that there's still a use-case for the "obsolete" approach. For instance,
+    common that there's still a use-case for the "obsolete" approach. For instance,
-[WordNet](https://wordnet.princeton.edu/) is still very useful — but word
+    [WordNet](https://wordnet.princeton.edu/) is still very useful — but word
-vectors are better for most use-cases, and the two approaches to lexical
+    vectors are better for most use-cases, and the two approaches to lexical
-semantics do a lot of the same things. spaCy therefore only supports word
+    semantics do a lot of the same things. spaCy therefore only supports word
-vectors, and support for WordNet is currently left for other packages.
+    vectors, and support for WordNet is currently left for other packages.
 
-* **Do you need the feature to get basic things done?** We do want spaCy to be
+-   **Do you need the feature to get basic things done?** We do want spaCy to be
-at least somewhat self-contained. If we keep needing some feature in our
+    at least somewhat self-contained. If we keep needing some feature in our
-recipes, that does provide some argument for bringing it "in house".
+    recipes, that does provide some argument for bringing it "in house".
 
 ### Getting started
 
@@ -155,7 +156,6 @@ Changes to `.py` files will be effective immediately.
 
 📖 **For more details and instructions, see the documentation on [compiling spaCy from source](https://spacy.io/usage/#source) and the [quickstart widget](https://spacy.io/usage/#section-quickstart) to get the right commands for your platform and Python version.**
 
-
 ### Contributor agreement
 
 If you've made a contribution to spaCy, you should fill in the
@@ -167,7 +167,6 @@ and include it with your pull request, or submit it separately to
 your GitHub username, with the extension `.md`. For example, the user
 example_user would create the file `.github/contributors/example_user.md`.
 
-
 ### Fixing bugs
 
 When fixing a bug, first create an
@@ -199,7 +198,7 @@ modules in `.py` files, not Cython modules in `.pyx` and `.pxd` files.**
 [`black`](https://github.com/ambv/black) is an opinionated Python code
 formatter, optimised to produce readable code and small diffs. You can run
 `black` from the command-line, or via your code editor. For example, if you're
-using [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/), you can  add the
+using [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/), you can add the
 following to your `settings.json` to use `black` for formatting and auto-format
 your files on save:
 
@@ -415,11 +414,10 @@ Python. If it's not fast enough the first time, just switch to Cython.
 
 ### Resources to get you started
 
-* [PEP 8 Style Guide for Python Code](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/) (python.org)
+-   [PEP 8 Style Guide for Python Code](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/) (python.org)
-* [Official Cython documentation](http://docs.cython.org/en/latest/) (cython.org)
+-   [Official Cython documentation](http://docs.cython.org/en/latest/) (cython.org)
-* [Writing C in Cython](https://explosion.ai/blog/writing-c-in-cython) (explosion.ai)
+-   [Writing C in Cython](https://explosion.ai/blog/writing-c-in-cython) (explosion.ai)
-* [Multi-threading spaCy’s parser and named entity recogniser](https://explosion.ai/blog/multithreading-with-cython) (explosion.ai)
+-   [Multi-threading spaCy’s parser and named entity recogniser](https://explosion.ai/blog/multithreading-with-cython) (explosion.ai)
-
 
 ## Adding tests
 
@@ -444,76 +442,40 @@ use the `get_doc()` utility function to construct it manually.
 
 📖 **For more guidelines and information on how to add tests, check out the [tests README](spacy/tests/README.md).**
 
-
 ## Updating the website
 
-Our [website and docs](https://spacy.io) are implemented in
+For instructions on how to build and run the [website](https://spacy.io) locally see **[Setup and installation](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/blob/master/website/README.md#setup-and-installation-setup)** in the _website_ directory's README.
-[Jade/Pug](https://www.jade-lang.org), and built or served by
-[Harp](https://harpjs.com). Jade/Pug is an extensible templating language with a
-readable syntax, that compiles to HTML. Here's how to view the site locally:
-
-```bash
-sudo npm install --global harp
-git clone https://github.com/explosion/spaCy
-cd spaCy/website
-harp server
-```
 
 The docs can always use another example or more detail, and they should always
 be up to date and not misleading. To quickly find the correct file to edit,
-simply click on the "Suggest edits" button at the bottom of a page. To keep
+simply click on the "Suggest edits" button at the bottom of a page.
-long pages maintainable, and allow including content in several places without
-doubling it, sections often consist of partials. Partials and partial directories
-are prefixed by an underscore `_` so they're not compiled with the site. For
-example:
-
-```pug
-+section("tokenization")
-    +h(2, "tokenization") Tokenization
-    include _spacy-101/_tokenization
-```
-
-So if you're looking to edit the content of the tokenization section, you can
-find it in `_spacy-101/_tokenization.jade`. To make it easy to add content
-components, we use a [collection of custom mixins](_includes/_mixins.jade),
-like `+table`, `+list` or `+code`. For an overview of the available mixins and
-components, see the [styleguide](https://spacy.io/styleguide).
 
 📖 **For more info and troubleshooting guides, check out the [website README](website).**
 
-### Resources to get you started
-
-* [Guide to static websites with Harp and Jade](https://ines.io/blog/the-ultimate-guide-static-websites-harp-jade) (ines.io)
-* [Building a website with modular markup components (mixins)](https://explosion.ai/blog/modular-markup) (explosion.ai)
-* [spacy.io Styleguide](https://spacy.io/styleguide) (spacy.io)
-* [Jade/Pug documentation](https://pugjs.org) (pugjs.org)
-* [Harp documentation](https://harpjs.com/) (harpjs.com)
-
-
 ## Publishing spaCy extensions and plugins
 
 We're very excited about all the new possibilities for **community extensions**
 and plugins in spaCy v2.0, and we can't wait to see what you build with it!
 
-* An extension or plugin should add substantial functionality, be
+-   An extension or plugin should add substantial functionality, be
-**well-documented** and **open-source**. It should be available for users to download
+    **well-documented** and **open-source**. It should be available for users to download
-and install as a Python package – for example via [PyPi](http://pypi.python.org).
+    and install as a Python package – for example via [PyPi](http://pypi.python.org).
 
-* Extensions that write to `Doc`, `Token` or `Span` attributes should be wrapped
+-   Extensions that write to `Doc`, `Token` or `Span` attributes should be wrapped
-as [pipeline components](https://spacy.io/usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components)
+    as [pipeline components](https://spacy.io/usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components)
-that users can **add to their processing pipeline** using `nlp.add_pipe()`.
+    that users can **add to their processing pipeline** using `nlp.add_pipe()`.
 
-* When publishing your extension on GitHub, **tag it** with the topics
+-   When publishing your extension on GitHub, **tag it** with the topics
-[`spacy`](https://github.com/topics/spacy?o=desc&s=stars) and
+    [`spacy`](https://github.com/topics/spacy?o=desc&s=stars) and
-[`spacy-extensions`](https://github.com/topics/spacy-extension?o=desc&s=stars)
+    [`spacy-extensions`](https://github.com/topics/spacy-extension?o=desc&s=stars)
-to make it easier to find. Those are also the topics we're linking to from the
+    to make it easier to find. Those are also the topics we're linking to from the
-spaCy website. If you're sharing your project on Twitter, feel free to tag
+    spaCy website. If you're sharing your project on Twitter, feel free to tag
-[@spacy_io](https://twitter.com/spacy_io) so we can check it out.
+    [@spacy_io](https://twitter.com/spacy_io) so we can check it out.
 
-* Once your extension is published, you can open an issue on the
+-   Once your extension is published, you can open an issue on the
-[issue tracker](https://github.com/explosion/spacy/issues) to suggest it for the
+    [issue tracker](https://github.com/explosion/spacy/issues) to suggest it for the
-[resources directory](https://spacy.io/usage/resources#extensions) on the
+    [resources directory](https://spacy.io/usage/resources#extensions) on the
-website.
+    website.
 
 📖 **For more tips and best practices, see the [checklist for developing spaCy extensions](https://spacy.io/usage/processing-pipelines#extensions).**
 

README.md

@@ -6,18 +6,17 @@ spaCy is a library for advanced Natural Language Processing in Python and
 Cython. It's built on the very latest research, and was designed from day one
 to be used in real products. spaCy comes with
 [pre-trained statistical models](https://spacy.io/models) and word vectors, and
-currently supports tokenization for **45+ languages**. It features the
+currently supports tokenization for **50+ languages**. It features
-**fastest syntactic parser** in the world, convolutional
+state-of-the-art speed, convolutional **neural network models** for tagging,
-**neural network models** for tagging, parsing and **named entity recognition**
+parsing and **named entity recognition** and easy **deep learning** integration.
-and easy **deep learning** integration. It's commercial open-source software,
+It's commercial open-source software, released under the MIT license.
-released under the MIT license.
 
-💫 **Version 2.0 out now!** [Check out the release notes here.](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/releases)
+💫 **Version 2.1 out now!** [Check out the release notes here.](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/releases)
 
 [![Azure Pipelines](https://img.shields.io/azure-devops/build/explosion-ai/public/8/master.svg?logo=azure-devops&style=flat-square)](https://dev.azure.com/explosion-ai/public/_build?definitionId=8)
 [![Travis Build Status](https://img.shields.io/travis/explosion/spaCy/master.svg?style=flat-square&logo=travis)](https://travis-ci.org/explosion/spaCy)
 [![Current Release Version](https://img.shields.io/github/release/explosion/spacy.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/releases)
-[![pypi Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/spacy.svg?style=flat-square)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/spacy)
+[![pypi Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/spacy.svg?style=flat-square)](https://pypi.org/project/spacy/)
 [![conda Version](https://img.shields.io/conda/vn/conda-forge/spacy.svg?style=flat-square)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/spacy)
 [![Python wheels](https://img.shields.io/badge/wheels-%E2%9C%93-4c1.svg?longCache=true&style=flat-square&logo=python&logoColor=white)](https://github.com/explosion/wheelwright/releases)
 [![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/ambv/black)
@@ -25,22 +24,24 @@ released under the MIT license.
 
 ## 📖 Documentation
 
-| Documentation   |                                                       |
+| Documentation   |                                                                |
-| --------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
+| --------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| [spaCy 101]     | New to spaCy? Here's everything you need to know!     |
+| [spaCy 101]     | New to spaCy? Here's everything you need to know!              |
-| [Usage Guides]  | How to use spaCy and its features.                    |
+| [Usage Guides]  | How to use spaCy and its features.                             |
-| [API Reference] | The detailed reference for spaCy's API.               |
+| [New in v2.1]   | New features, backwards incompatibilities and migration guide. |
-| [Models]        | Download statistical language models for spaCy.       |
+| [API Reference] | The detailed reference for spaCy's API.                        |
-| [Universe]      | Libraries, extensions, demos, books and courses.      |
+| [Models]        | Download statistical language models for spaCy.                |
-| [Changelog]     | Changes and version history.                          |
+| [Universe]      | Libraries, extensions, demos, books and courses.               |
-| [Contribute]    | How to contribute to the spaCy project and code base. |
+| [Changelog]     | Changes and version history.                                   |
+| [Contribute]    | How to contribute to the spaCy project and code base.          |
 
 [spacy 101]: https://spacy.io/usage/spacy-101
+[new in v2.1]: https://spacy.io/usage/v2-1
 [usage guides]: https://spacy.io/usage/
 [api reference]: https://spacy.io/api/
 [models]: https://spacy.io/models
 [universe]: https://spacy.io/universe
-[changelog]: https://spacy.io/usage/#changelog
+[changelog]: https://spacy.io/usage#changelog
 [contribute]: https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
 
 ## 💬 Where to ask questions
@@ -58,17 +59,17 @@ valuable if it's shared publicly, so that more people can benefit from it.
 | 🗯 **General Discussion** | [Gitter Chat] · [Reddit User Group]                    |
 
 [github issue tracker]: https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/issues
-[stack overflow]: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/spacy
+[stack overflow]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/spacy
 [gitter chat]: https://gitter.im/explosion/spaCy
 [reddit user group]: https://www.reddit.com/r/spacynlp
 
 ## Features
 
--   **Fastest syntactic parser** in the world
--   **Named entity** recognition
 -   Non-destructive **tokenization**
--   Support for **45+ languages**
+-   **Named entity** recognition
+-   Support for **50+ languages**
 -   Pre-trained [statistical models](https://spacy.io/models) and word vectors
+-   State-of-the-art speed
 -   Easy **deep learning** integration
 -   Part-of-speech tagging
 -   Labelled dependency parsing
@@ -78,7 +79,6 @@ valuable if it's shared publicly, so that more people can benefit from it.
 -   Export to numpy data arrays
 -   Efficient binary serialization
 -   Easy **model packaging** and deployment
--   State-of-the-art speed
 -   Robust, rigorously evaluated accuracy
 
 📖 **For more details, see the
@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@ For detailed installation instructions, see the
 [documentation](https://spacy.io/usage).
 
 -   **Operating system**: macOS / OS X · Linux · Windows (Cygwin, MinGW, Visual Studio)
--   **Python version**: Python 2.7, 3.4+ (only 64 bit)
+-   **Python version**: Python 2.7, 3.5+ (only 64 bit)
 -   **Package managers**: [pip] · [conda] (via `conda-forge`)
 
-[pip]: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/spacy
+[pip]: https://pypi.org/project/spacy/
 [conda]: https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/spacy
 
 ### pip
@@ -163,35 +163,37 @@ or manually by pointing pip to a path or URL.
 [models documentation]: https://spacy.io/docs/usage/models
 
 ```bash
+# download best-matching version of specific model for your spaCy installation
+python -m spacy download en_core_web_sm
+
 # out-of-the-box: download best-matching default model
 python -m spacy download en
 
-# download best-matching version of specific model for your spaCy installation
-python -m spacy download en_core_web_lg
-
 # pip install .tar.gz archive from path or URL
-pip install /Users/you/en_core_web_sm-2.0.0.tar.gz
+pip install /Users/you/en_core_web_sm-2.1.0.tar.gz
+pip install https://github.com/explosion/spacy-models/releases/download/en_core_web_sm-2.1.0/en_core_web_sm-2.1.0.tar.gz
 ```
 
 ### Loading and using models
 
-To load a model, use `spacy.load()` with the model's shortcut link:
+To load a model, use `spacy.load()` with the model name, a shortcut link or a
+path to the model data directory.
 
 ```python
 import spacy
-nlp = spacy.load('en')
+nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_sm")
-doc = nlp(u'This is a sentence.')
+doc = nlp(u"This is a sentence.")
 ```
 
-If you've installed a model via pip, you can also `import` it directly and
+You can also `import` a model directly via its full name and then call its
-then call its `load()` method:
+`load()` method with no arguments.
 
 ```python
 import spacy
 import en_core_web_sm
 
 nlp = en_core_web_sm.load()
-doc = nlp(u'This is a sentence.')
+doc = nlp(u"This is a sentence.")
 ```
 
 📖 **For more info and examples, check out the
@@ -215,7 +217,7 @@ source. That is the common way if you want to make changes to the code base.
 You'll need to make sure that you have a development environment consisting of a
 Python distribution including header files, a compiler,
 [pip](https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installing/),
-[virtualenv](https://virtualenv.pypa.io/) and [git](https://git-scm.com)
+[virtualenv](https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/latest/) and [git](https://git-scm.com)
 installed. The compiler part is the trickiest. How to do that depends on your
 system. See notes on Ubuntu, OS X and Windows for details.
 
@@ -235,8 +237,8 @@ python setup.py build_ext --inplace
 Compared to regular install via pip, [requirements.txt](requirements.txt)
 additionally installs developer dependencies such as Cython. For more details
 and instructions, see the documentation on
-[compiling spaCy from source](https://spacy.io/usage/#source) and the
+[compiling spaCy from source](https://spacy.io/usage#source) and the
-[quickstart widget](https://spacy.io/usage/#section-quickstart) to get
+[quickstart widget](https://spacy.io/usage#section-quickstart) to get
 the right commands for your platform and Python version.
 
 ### Ubuntu
@@ -256,7 +258,7 @@ and git preinstalled.
 ### Windows
 
 Install a version of the [Visual C++ Build Tools](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/) or
-[Visual Studio Express](https://www.visualstudio.com/vs/visual-studio-express/)
+[Visual Studio Express](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/express/)
 that matches the version that was used to compile your Python
 interpreter. For official distributions these are VS 2008 (Python 2.7),
 VS 2010 (Python 3.4) and VS 2015 (Python 3.5).
@@ -278,5 +280,5 @@ pip install -r path/to/requirements.txt
 python -m pytest <spacy-directory>
 ```
 
-See [the documentation](https://spacy.io/usage/#tests) for more details and
+See [the documentation](https://spacy.io/usage#tests) for more details and
 examples.

bin/push-tag.sh

@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ version=${version/\'/}
 version=${version/\"/}
 version=${version/\"/}
 git tag "v$version"
-git push origin "v$version" --tags
+git push origin "v$version"

bin/train_word_vectors.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 from collections import defaultdict
 from gensim.models import Word2Vec
-from preshed.counter import PreshCounter
 import plac
 import spacy
 
@@ -13,23 +12,21 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class Corpus(object):
-    def __init__(self, directory, min_freq=10):
+    def __init__(self, directory, nlp):
         self.directory = directory
-        self.counts = PreshCounter()
+        self.nlp = nlp
-        self.strings = {}
-        self.min_freq = min_freq
-
-    def count_doc(self, doc):
-        # Get counts for this document
-        for word in doc:
-            self.counts.inc(word.orth, 1)
-        return len(doc)
 
     def __iter__(self):
         for text_loc in iter_dir(self.directory):
             with text_loc.open("r", encoding="utf-8") as file_:
                 text = file_.read()
-            yield text
+
+            # This is to keep the input to the blank model (which doesn't
+            # sentencize) from being too long. It works particularly well with
+            # the output of [WikiExtractor](https://github.com/attardi/wikiextractor)
+            paragraphs = text.split('\n\n')
+            for par in paragraphs:
+                yield [word.orth_ for word in self.nlp(par)]
 
 
 def iter_dir(loc):
@@ -62,12 +59,15 @@ def main(
     window=5,
     size=128,
     min_count=10,
-    nr_iter=2,
+    nr_iter=5,
 ):
     logging.basicConfig(
         format="%(asctime)s : %(levelname)s : %(message)s", level=logging.INFO
     )
+    nlp = spacy.blank(lang)
+    corpus = Corpus(in_dir, nlp)
     model = Word2Vec(
+        sentences=corpus,
         size=size,
         window=window,
         min_count=min_count,
@@ -75,33 +75,7 @@ def main(
         sample=1e-5,
         negative=negative,
     )
-    nlp = spacy.blank(lang)
-    corpus = Corpus(in_dir)
-    total_words = 0
-    total_sents = 0
-    for text_no, text_loc in enumerate(iter_dir(corpus.directory)):
-        with text_loc.open("r", encoding="utf-8") as file_:
-            text = file_.read()
-        total_sents += text.count("\n")
-        doc = nlp(text)
-        total_words += corpus.count_doc(doc)
-        logger.info(
-            "PROGRESS: at batch #%i, processed %i words, keeping %i word types",
-            text_no,
-            total_words,
-            len(corpus.strings),
-        )
-    model.corpus_count = total_sents
-    model.raw_vocab = defaultdict(int)
-    for orth, freq in corpus.counts:
-        if freq >= min_count:
-            model.raw_vocab[nlp.vocab.strings[orth]] = freq
-    model.scale_vocab()
-    model.finalize_vocab()
-    model.iter = nr_iter
-    model.train(corpus)
     model.save(out_loc)
 
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     plac.call(main)

bin/ud/conll17_ud_eval.py

@@ -292,8 +292,8 @@ def evaluate(gold_ud, system_ud, deprel_weights=None, check_parse=True):
 
     def spans_score(gold_spans, system_spans):
         correct, gi, si = 0, 0, 0
-        undersegmented = list()
+        undersegmented = []
-        oversegmented = list()
+        oversegmented = []
         combo = 0
         previous_end_si_earlier = False
         previous_end_gi_earlier = False

bin/ud/ud_run_test.py

@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ import srsly
 
 import spacy
 import spacy.util
-from ...tokens import Token, Doc
+from spacy.tokens import Token, Doc
-from ...gold import GoldParse
+from spacy.gold import GoldParse
-from ...util import compounding, minibatch_by_words
+from spacy.util import compounding, minibatch_by_words
-from ...syntax.nonproj import projectivize
+from spacy.syntax.nonproj import projectivize
-from ...matcher import Matcher
+from spacy.matcher import Matcher
 
-# from ...morphology import Fused_begin, Fused_inside
+# from spacy.morphology import Fused_begin, Fused_inside
-from ... import displacy
+from spacy import displacy
 from collections import defaultdict, Counter
 from timeit import default_timer as timer
 
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ import numpy.random
 
 from . import conll17_ud_eval
 
-from ... import lang
+from spacy import lang
-from ...lang import zh
+from spacy.lang import zh
-from ...lang import ja
+from spacy.lang import ja
-from ...lang import ru
+from spacy.lang import ru
 
 
 ################

bin/ud/ud_train.py

@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ import json
 
 import spacy
 import spacy.util
-from ...tokens import Token, Doc
+from spacy.tokens import Token, Doc
-from ...gold import GoldParse
+from spacy.gold import GoldParse
-from ...util import compounding, minibatch, minibatch_by_words
+from spacy.util import compounding, minibatch, minibatch_by_words
-from ...syntax.nonproj import projectivize
+from spacy.syntax.nonproj import projectivize
-from ...matcher import Matcher
+from spacy.matcher import Matcher
-from ... import displacy
+from spacy import displacy
 from collections import defaultdict, Counter
 from timeit import default_timer as timer
 
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ import numpy.random
 
 from . import conll17_ud_eval
 
-from ... import lang
+from spacy import lang
-from ...lang import zh
+from spacy.lang import zh
-from ...lang import ja
+from spacy.lang import ja
 
 try:
     import torch

bin/wiki_entity_linking/kb_creator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from .train_descriptions import EntityEncoder
+from . import wikidata_processor as wd, wikipedia_processor as wp
+from spacy.kb import KnowledgeBase
+
+import csv
+import datetime
+
+
+INPUT_DIM = 300  # dimension of pre-trained input vectors
+DESC_WIDTH = 64  # dimension of output entity vectors
+
+
+def create_kb(
+    nlp,
+    max_entities_per_alias,
+    min_entity_freq,
+    min_occ,
+    entity_def_output,
+    entity_descr_output,
+    count_input,
+    prior_prob_input,
+    wikidata_input,
+):
+    # Create the knowledge base from Wikidata entries
+    kb = KnowledgeBase(vocab=nlp.vocab, entity_vector_length=DESC_WIDTH)
+
+    # disable this part of the pipeline when rerunning the KB generation from preprocessed files
+    read_raw_data = True
+
+    if read_raw_data:
+        print()
+        print(" * _read_wikidata_entities", datetime.datetime.now())
+        title_to_id, id_to_descr = wd.read_wikidata_entities_json(wikidata_input)
+
+        # write the title-ID and ID-description mappings to file
+        _write_entity_files(
+            entity_def_output, entity_descr_output, title_to_id, id_to_descr
+        )
+
+    else:
+        # read the mappings from file
+        title_to_id = get_entity_to_id(entity_def_output)
+        id_to_descr = get_id_to_description(entity_descr_output)
+
+    print()
+    print(" * _get_entity_frequencies", datetime.datetime.now())
+    print()
+    entity_frequencies = wp.get_all_frequencies(count_input=count_input)
+
+    # filter the entities for in the KB by frequency, because there's just too much data (8M entities) otherwise
+    filtered_title_to_id = dict()
+    entity_list = []
+    description_list = []
+    frequency_list = []
+    for title, entity in title_to_id.items():
+        freq = entity_frequencies.get(title, 0)
+        desc = id_to_descr.get(entity, None)
+        if desc and freq > min_entity_freq:
+            entity_list.append(entity)
+            description_list.append(desc)
+            frequency_list.append(freq)
+            filtered_title_to_id[title] = entity
+
+    print(len(title_to_id.keys()), "original titles")
+    print("kept", len(filtered_title_to_id.keys()), " with frequency", min_entity_freq)
+
+    print()
+    print(" * train entity encoder", datetime.datetime.now())
+    print()
+    encoder = EntityEncoder(nlp, INPUT_DIM, DESC_WIDTH)
+    encoder.train(description_list=description_list, to_print=True)
+
+    print()
+    print(" * get entity embeddings", datetime.datetime.now())
+    print()
+    embeddings = encoder.apply_encoder(description_list)
+
+    print()
+    print(" * adding", len(entity_list), "entities", datetime.datetime.now())
+    kb.set_entities(
+        entity_list=entity_list, freq_list=frequency_list, vector_list=embeddings
+    )
+
+    print()
+    print(" * adding aliases", datetime.datetime.now())
+    print()
+    _add_aliases(
+        kb,
+        title_to_id=filtered_title_to_id,
+        max_entities_per_alias=max_entities_per_alias,
+        min_occ=min_occ,
+        prior_prob_input=prior_prob_input,
+    )
+
+    print()
+    print("kb size:", len(kb), kb.get_size_entities(), kb.get_size_aliases())
+
+    print("done with kb", datetime.datetime.now())
+    return kb
+
+
+def _write_entity_files(
+    entity_def_output, entity_descr_output, title_to_id, id_to_descr
+):
+    with entity_def_output.open("w", encoding="utf8") as id_file:
+        id_file.write("WP_title" + "|" + "WD_id" + "\n")
+        for title, qid in title_to_id.items():
+            id_file.write(title + "|" + str(qid) + "\n")
+
+    with entity_descr_output.open("w", encoding="utf8") as descr_file:
+        descr_file.write("WD_id" + "|" + "description" + "\n")
+        for qid, descr in id_to_descr.items():
+            descr_file.write(str(qid) + "|" + descr + "\n")
+
+
+def get_entity_to_id(entity_def_output):
+    entity_to_id = dict()
+    with entity_def_output.open("r", encoding="utf8") as csvfile:
+        csvreader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter="|")
+        # skip header
+        next(csvreader)
+        for row in csvreader:
+            entity_to_id[row[0]] = row[1]
+    return entity_to_id
+
+
+def get_id_to_description(entity_descr_output):
+    id_to_desc = dict()
+    with entity_descr_output.open("r", encoding="utf8") as csvfile:
+        csvreader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter="|")
+        # skip header
+        next(csvreader)
+        for row in csvreader:
+            id_to_desc[row[0]] = row[1]
+    return id_to_desc
+
+
+def _add_aliases(kb, title_to_id, max_entities_per_alias, min_occ, prior_prob_input):
+    wp_titles = title_to_id.keys()
+
+    # adding aliases with prior probabilities
+    # we can read this file sequentially, it's sorted by alias, and then by count
+    with prior_prob_input.open("r", encoding="utf8") as prior_file:
+        # skip header
+        prior_file.readline()
+        line = prior_file.readline()
+        previous_alias = None
+        total_count = 0
+        counts = []
+        entities = []
+        while line:
+            splits = line.replace("\n", "").split(sep="|")
+            new_alias = splits[0]
+            count = int(splits[1])
+            entity = splits[2]
+
+            if new_alias != previous_alias and previous_alias:
+                # done reading the previous alias --> output
+                if len(entities) > 0:
+                    selected_entities = []
+                    prior_probs = []
+                    for ent_count, ent_string in zip(counts, entities):
+                        if ent_string in wp_titles:
+                            wd_id = title_to_id[ent_string]
+                            p_entity_givenalias = ent_count / total_count
+                            selected_entities.append(wd_id)
+                            prior_probs.append(p_entity_givenalias)
+
+                    if selected_entities:
+                        try:
+                            kb.add_alias(
+                                alias=previous_alias,
+                                entities=selected_entities,
+                                probabilities=prior_probs,
+                            )
+                        except ValueError as e:
+                            print(e)
+                total_count = 0
+                counts = []
+                entities = []
+
+            total_count += count
+
+            if len(entities) < max_entities_per_alias and count >= min_occ:
+                counts.append(count)
+                entities.append(entity)
+            previous_alias = new_alias
+
+            line = prior_file.readline()

bin/wiki_entity_linking/train_descriptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+from random import shuffle
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from spacy._ml import zero_init, create_default_optimizer
+from spacy.cli.pretrain import get_cossim_loss
+
+from thinc.v2v import Model
+from thinc.api import chain
+from thinc.neural._classes.affine import Affine
+
+
+class EntityEncoder:
+    """
+    Train the embeddings of entity descriptions to fit a fixed-size entity vector (e.g. 64D).
+    This entity vector will be stored in the KB, for further downstream use in the entity model.
+    """
+
+    DROP = 0
+    EPOCHS = 5
+    STOP_THRESHOLD = 0.04
+
+    BATCH_SIZE = 1000
+
+    def __init__(self, nlp, input_dim, desc_width):
+        self.nlp = nlp
+        self.input_dim = input_dim
+        self.desc_width = desc_width
+
+    def apply_encoder(self, description_list):
+        if self.encoder is None:
+            raise ValueError("Can not apply encoder before training it")
+
+        batch_size = 100000
+
+        start = 0
+        stop = min(batch_size, len(description_list))
+        encodings = []
+
+        while start < len(description_list):
+            docs = list(self.nlp.pipe(description_list[start:stop]))
+            doc_embeddings = [self._get_doc_embedding(doc) for doc in docs]
+            enc = self.encoder(np.asarray(doc_embeddings))
+            encodings.extend(enc.tolist())
+
+            start = start + batch_size
+            stop = min(stop + batch_size, len(description_list))
+
+        return encodings
+
+    def train(self, description_list, to_print=False):
+        processed, loss = self._train_model(description_list)
+        if to_print:
+            print("Trained on", processed, "entities across", self.EPOCHS, "epochs")
+            print("Final loss:", loss)
+
+    def _train_model(self, description_list):
+        # TODO: when loss gets too low, a 'mean of empty slice' warning is thrown by numpy
+
+        self._build_network(self.input_dim, self.desc_width)
+
+        processed = 0
+        loss = 1
+        descriptions = description_list.copy()   # copy this list so that shuffling does not affect other functions
+
+        for i in range(self.EPOCHS):
+            shuffle(descriptions)
+
+            batch_nr = 0
+            start = 0
+            stop = min(self.BATCH_SIZE, len(descriptions))
+
+            while loss > self.STOP_THRESHOLD and start < len(descriptions):
+                batch = []
+                for descr in descriptions[start:stop]:
+                    doc = self.nlp(descr)
+                    doc_vector = self._get_doc_embedding(doc)
+                    batch.append(doc_vector)
+
+                loss = self._update(batch)
+                print(i, batch_nr, loss)
+                processed += len(batch)
+
+                batch_nr += 1
+                start = start + self.BATCH_SIZE
+                stop = min(stop + self.BATCH_SIZE, len(descriptions))
+
+        return processed, loss
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_doc_embedding(doc):
+        indices = np.zeros((len(doc),), dtype="i")
+        for i, word in enumerate(doc):
+            if word.orth in doc.vocab.vectors.key2row:
+                indices[i] = doc.vocab.vectors.key2row[word.orth]
+            else:
+                indices[i] = 0
+        word_vectors = doc.vocab.vectors.data[indices]
+        doc_vector = np.mean(word_vectors, axis=0)
+        return doc_vector
+
+    def _build_network(self, orig_width, hidden_with):
+        with Model.define_operators({">>": chain}):
+            # very simple encoder-decoder model
+            self.encoder = (
+                Affine(hidden_with, orig_width)
+            )
+            self.model = self.encoder >> zero_init(Affine(orig_width, hidden_with, drop_factor=0.0))
+        self.sgd = create_default_optimizer(self.model.ops)
+
+    def _update(self, vectors):
+        predictions, bp_model = self.model.begin_update(np.asarray(vectors), drop=self.DROP)
+        loss, d_scores = self._get_loss(scores=predictions, golds=np.asarray(vectors))
+        bp_model(d_scores, sgd=self.sgd)
+        return loss / len(vectors)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_loss(golds, scores):
+        loss, gradients = get_cossim_loss(scores, golds)
+        return loss, gradients

bin/wiki_entity_linking/training_set_creator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import random
+import re
+import bz2
+import datetime
+
+from spacy.gold import GoldParse
+from bin.wiki_entity_linking import kb_creator
+
+"""
+Process Wikipedia interlinks to generate a training dataset for the EL algorithm.
+Gold-standard entities are stored in one file in standoff format (by character offset).
+"""
+
+ENTITY_FILE = "gold_entities.csv"
+
+
+def now():
+    return datetime.datetime.now()
+
+
+def create_training(wikipedia_input, entity_def_input, training_output):
+    wp_to_id = kb_creator.get_entity_to_id(entity_def_input)
+    _process_wikipedia_texts(wikipedia_input, wp_to_id, training_output, limit=None)
+
+
+def _process_wikipedia_texts(wikipedia_input, wp_to_id, training_output, limit=None):
+    """
+    Read the XML wikipedia data to parse out training data:
+    raw text data + positive instances
+    """
+    title_regex = re.compile(r"(?<=<title>).*(?=</title>)")
+    id_regex = re.compile(r"(?<=<id>)\d*(?=</id>)")
+
+    read_ids = set()
+    entityfile_loc = training_output / ENTITY_FILE
+    with entityfile_loc.open("w", encoding="utf8") as entityfile:
+        # write entity training header file
+        _write_training_entity(
+            outputfile=entityfile,
+            article_id="article_id",
+            alias="alias",
+            entity="WD_id",
+            start="start",
+            end="end",
+        )
+
+        with bz2.open(wikipedia_input, mode="rb") as file:
+            line = file.readline()
+            cnt = 0
+            article_text = ""
+            article_title = None
+            article_id = None
+            reading_text = False
+            reading_revision = False
+            while line and (not limit or cnt < limit):
+                if cnt % 1000000 == 0:
+                    print(now(), "processed", cnt, "lines of Wikipedia dump")
+                clean_line = line.strip().decode("utf-8")
+
+                if clean_line == "<revision>":
+                    reading_revision = True
+                elif clean_line == "</revision>":
+                    reading_revision = False
+
+                # Start reading new page
+                if clean_line == "<page>":
+                    article_text = ""
+                    article_title = None
+                    article_id = None
+
+                # finished reading this page
+                elif clean_line == "</page>":
+                    if article_id:
+                        try:
+                            _process_wp_text(
+                                wp_to_id,
+                                entityfile,
+                                article_id,
+                                article_title,
+                                article_text.strip(),
+                                training_output,
+                            )
+                        except Exception as e:
+                            print(
+                                "Error processing article", article_id, article_title, e
+                            )
+                    else:
+                        print(
+                            "Done processing a page, but couldn't find an article_id ?",
+                            article_title,
+                        )
+                    article_text = ""
+                    article_title = None
+                    article_id = None
+                    reading_text = False
+                    reading_revision = False
+
+                # start reading text within a page
+                if "<text" in clean_line:
+                    reading_text = True
+
+                if reading_text:
+                    article_text += " " + clean_line
+
+                # stop reading text within a page (we assume a new page doesn't start on the same line)
+                if "</text" in clean_line:
+                    reading_text = False
+
+                # read the ID of this article (outside the revision portion of the document)
+                if not reading_revision:
+                    ids = id_regex.search(clean_line)
+                    if ids:
+                        article_id = ids[0]
+                        if article_id in read_ids:
+                            print(
+                                "Found duplicate article ID", article_id, clean_line
+                            )  # This should never happen ...
+                        read_ids.add(article_id)
+
+                # read the title of this article (outside the revision portion of the document)
+                if not reading_revision:
+                    titles = title_regex.search(clean_line)
+                    if titles:
+                        article_title = titles[0].strip()
+
+                line = file.readline()
+                cnt += 1
+
+
+text_regex = re.compile(r"(?<=<text xml:space=\"preserve\">).*(?=</text)")
+
+
+def _process_wp_text(
+    wp_to_id, entityfile, article_id, article_title, article_text, training_output
+):
+    found_entities = False
+
+    # ignore meta Wikipedia pages
+    if article_title.startswith("Wikipedia:"):
+        return
+
+    # remove the text tags
+    text = text_regex.search(article_text).group(0)
+
+    # stop processing if this is a redirect page
+    if text.startswith("#REDIRECT"):
+        return
+
+    # get the raw text without markup etc, keeping only interwiki links
+    clean_text = _get_clean_wp_text(text)
+
+    # read the text char by char to get the right offsets for the interwiki links
+    final_text = ""
+    open_read = 0
+    reading_text = True
+    reading_entity = False
+    reading_mention = False
+    reading_special_case = False
+    entity_buffer = ""
+    mention_buffer = ""
+    for index, letter in enumerate(clean_text):
+        if letter == "[":
+            open_read += 1
+        elif letter == "]":
+            open_read -= 1
+        elif letter == "|":
+            if reading_text:
+                final_text += letter
+            # switch from reading entity to mention in the [[entity|mention]] pattern
+            elif reading_entity:
+                reading_text = False
+                reading_entity = False
+                reading_mention = True
+            else:
+                reading_special_case = True
+        else:
+            if reading_entity:
+                entity_buffer += letter
+            elif reading_mention:
+                mention_buffer += letter
+            elif reading_text:
+                final_text += letter
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Not sure at point", clean_text[index - 2 : index + 2])
+
+        if open_read > 2:
+            reading_special_case = True
+
+        if open_read == 2 and reading_text:
+            reading_text = False
+            reading_entity = True
+            reading_mention = False
+
+        # we just finished reading an entity
+        if open_read == 0 and not reading_text:
+            if "#" in entity_buffer or entity_buffer.startswith(":"):
+                reading_special_case = True
+            # Ignore cases with nested structures like File: handles etc
+            if not reading_special_case:
+                if not mention_buffer:
+                    mention_buffer = entity_buffer
+                start = len(final_text)
+                end = start + len(mention_buffer)
+                qid = wp_to_id.get(entity_buffer, None)
+                if qid:
+                    _write_training_entity(
+                        outputfile=entityfile,
+                        article_id=article_id,
+                        alias=mention_buffer,
+                        entity=qid,
+                        start=start,
+                        end=end,
+                    )
+                found_entities = True
+                final_text += mention_buffer
+
+            entity_buffer = ""
+            mention_buffer = ""
+
+            reading_text = True
+            reading_entity = False
+            reading_mention = False
+            reading_special_case = False
+
+    if found_entities:
+        _write_training_article(
+            article_id=article_id,
+            clean_text=final_text,
+            training_output=training_output,
+        )
+
+
+info_regex = re.compile(r"{[^{]*?}")
+htlm_regex = re.compile(r"&lt;!--[^-]*--&gt;")
+category_regex = re.compile(r"\[\[Category:[^\[]*]]")
+file_regex = re.compile(r"\[\[File:[^[\]]+]]")
+ref_regex = re.compile(r"&lt;ref.*?&gt;")  # non-greedy
+ref_2_regex = re.compile(r"&lt;/ref.*?&gt;")  # non-greedy
+
+
+def _get_clean_wp_text(article_text):
+    clean_text = article_text.strip()
+
+    # remove bolding & italic markup
+    clean_text = clean_text.replace("'''", "")
+    clean_text = clean_text.replace("''", "")
+
+    # remove nested {{info}} statements by removing the inner/smallest ones first and iterating
+    try_again = True
+    previous_length = len(clean_text)
+    while try_again:
+        clean_text = info_regex.sub(
+            "", clean_text
+        )  # non-greedy match excluding a nested {
+        if len(clean_text) < previous_length:
+            try_again = True
+        else:
+            try_again = False
+        previous_length = len(clean_text)
+
+    # remove HTML comments
+    clean_text = htlm_regex.sub("", clean_text)
+
+    # remove Category and File statements
+    clean_text = category_regex.sub("", clean_text)
+    clean_text = file_regex.sub("", clean_text)
+
+    # remove multiple =
+    while "==" in clean_text:
+        clean_text = clean_text.replace("==", "=")
+
+    clean_text = clean_text.replace(". =", ".")
+    clean_text = clean_text.replace(" = ", ". ")
+    clean_text = clean_text.replace("= ", ".")
+    clean_text = clean_text.replace(" =", "")
+
+    # remove refs (non-greedy match)
+    clean_text = ref_regex.sub("", clean_text)
+    clean_text = ref_2_regex.sub("", clean_text)
+
+    # remove additional wikiformatting
+    clean_text = re.sub(r"&lt;blockquote&gt;", "", clean_text)
+    clean_text = re.sub(r"&lt;/blockquote&gt;", "", clean_text)
+
+    # change special characters back to normal ones
+    clean_text = clean_text.replace(r"&lt;", "<")
+    clean_text = clean_text.replace(r"&gt;", ">")
+    clean_text = clean_text.replace(r"&quot;", '"')
+    clean_text = clean_text.replace(r"&amp;nbsp;", " ")
+    clean_text = clean_text.replace(r"&amp;", "&")
+
+    # remove multiple spaces
+    while "  " in clean_text:
+        clean_text = clean_text.replace("  ", " ")
+
+    return clean_text.strip()
+
+
+def _write_training_article(article_id, clean_text, training_output):
+    file_loc = training_output / "{}.txt".format(article_id)
+    with file_loc.open("w", encoding="utf8") as outputfile:
+        outputfile.write(clean_text)
+
+
+def _write_training_entity(outputfile, article_id, alias, entity, start, end):
+    line = "{}|{}|{}|{}|{}\n".format(article_id, alias, entity, start, end)
+    outputfile.write(line)
+
+
+def is_dev(article_id):
+    return article_id.endswith("3")
+
+
+def read_training(nlp, training_dir, dev, limit, kb=None):
+    """ This method provides training examples that correspond to the entity annotations found by the nlp object.
+     When kb is provided (for training), it will include negative training examples by using the candidate generator,
+     and it will only keep positive training examples that can be found in the KB.
+     When kb=None (for testing), it will include all positive examples only."""
+    entityfile_loc = training_dir / ENTITY_FILE
+    data = []
+
+    # assume the data is written sequentially, so we can reuse the article docs
+    current_article_id = None
+    current_doc = None
+    ents_by_offset = dict()
+    skip_articles = set()
+    total_entities = 0
+
+    with entityfile_loc.open("r", encoding="utf8") as file:
+        for line in file:
+            if not limit or len(data) < limit:
+                fields = line.replace("\n", "").split(sep="|")
+                article_id = fields[0]
+                alias = fields[1]
+                wd_id = fields[2]
+                start = fields[3]
+                end = fields[4]
+
+                if (
+                    dev == is_dev(article_id)
+                    and article_id != "article_id"
+                    and article_id not in skip_articles
+                ):
+                    if not current_doc or (current_article_id != article_id):
+                        # parse the new article text
+                        file_name = article_id + ".txt"
+                        try:
+                            training_file = training_dir / file_name
+                            with training_file.open("r", encoding="utf8") as f:
+                                text = f.read()
+                                # threshold for convenience / speed of processing
+                                if len(text) < 30000:
+                                    current_doc = nlp(text)
+                                    current_article_id = article_id
+                                    ents_by_offset = dict()
+                                    for ent in current_doc.ents:
+                                        sent_length = len(ent.sent)
+                                        # custom filtering to avoid too long or too short sentences
+                                        if 5 < sent_length < 100:
+                                            offset = "{}_{}".format(
+                                                ent.start_char, ent.end_char
+                                            )
+                                            ents_by_offset[offset] = ent
+                                else:
+                                    skip_articles.add(article_id)
+                                    current_doc = None
+                        except Exception as e:
+                            print("Problem parsing article", article_id, e)
+                            skip_articles.add(article_id)
+
+                    # repeat checking this condition in case an exception was thrown
+                    if current_doc and (current_article_id == article_id):
+                        offset = "{}_{}".format(start, end)
+                        found_ent = ents_by_offset.get(offset, None)
+                        if found_ent:
+                            if found_ent.text != alias:
+                                skip_articles.add(article_id)
+                                current_doc = None
+                            else:
+                                sent = found_ent.sent.as_doc()
+
+                                gold_start = int(start) - found_ent.sent.start_char
+                                gold_end = int(end) - found_ent.sent.start_char
+
+                                gold_entities = {}
+                                found_useful = False
+                                for ent in sent.ents:
+                                    entry = (ent.start_char, ent.end_char)
+                                    gold_entry = (gold_start, gold_end)
+                                    if entry == gold_entry:
+                                        # add both pos and neg examples (in random order)
+                                        # this will exclude examples not in the KB
+                                        if kb:
+                                            value_by_id = {}
+                                            candidates = kb.get_candidates(alias)
+                                            candidate_ids = [
+                                                c.entity_ for c in candidates
+                                            ]
+                                            random.shuffle(candidate_ids)
+                                            for kb_id in candidate_ids:
+                                                found_useful = True
+                                                if kb_id != wd_id:
+                                                    value_by_id[kb_id] = 0.0
+                                                else:
+                                                    value_by_id[kb_id] = 1.0
+                                            gold_entities[entry] = value_by_id
+                                        # if no KB, keep all positive examples
+                                        else:
+                                            found_useful = True
+                                            value_by_id = {wd_id: 1.0}
+
+                                            gold_entities[entry] = value_by_id
+                                    # currently feeding the gold data one entity per sentence at a time
+                                    # setting all other entities to empty gold dictionary
+                                    else:
+                                        gold_entities[entry] = {}
+                                if found_useful:
+                                    gold = GoldParse(doc=sent, links=gold_entities)
+                                    data.append((sent, gold))
+                                    total_entities += 1
+                                    if len(data) % 2500 == 0:
+                                        print(" -read", total_entities, "entities")
+
+    print(" -read", total_entities, "entities")
+    return data

bin/wiki_entity_linking/wikidata_processor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import bz2
+import json
+import datetime
+
+
+def read_wikidata_entities_json(wikidata_file, limit=None, to_print=False):
+    # Read the JSON wiki data and parse out the entities. Takes about 7u30 to parse 55M lines.
+    # get latest-all.json.bz2 from https://dumps.wikimedia.org/wikidatawiki/entities/
+
+    lang = 'en'
+    site_filter = 'enwiki'
+
+    # properties filter (currently disabled to get ALL data)
+    prop_filter = dict()
+    # prop_filter = {'P31': {'Q5', 'Q15632617'}}     # currently defined as OR: one property suffices to be selected
+
+    title_to_id = dict()
+    id_to_descr = dict()
+
+    # parse appropriate fields - depending on what we need in the KB
+    parse_properties = False
+    parse_sitelinks = True
+    parse_labels = False
+    parse_descriptions = True
+    parse_aliases = False
+    parse_claims = False
+
+    with bz2.open(wikidata_file, mode='rb') as file:
+        line = file.readline()
+        cnt = 0
+        while line and (not limit or cnt < limit):
+            if cnt % 500000 == 0:
+                print(datetime.datetime.now(), "processed", cnt, "lines of WikiData dump")
+            clean_line = line.strip()
+            if clean_line.endswith(b","):
+                clean_line = clean_line[:-1]
+            if len(clean_line) > 1:
+                obj = json.loads(clean_line)
+                entry_type = obj["type"]
+
+                if entry_type == "item":
+                    # filtering records on their properties (currently disabled to get ALL data)
+                    # keep = False
+                    keep = True
+
+                    claims = obj["claims"]
+                    if parse_claims:
+                        for prop, value_set in prop_filter.items():
+                            claim_property = claims.get(prop, None)
+                            if claim_property:
+                                for cp in claim_property:
+                                    cp_id = cp['mainsnak'].get('datavalue', {}).get('value', {}).get('id')
+                                    cp_rank = cp['rank']
+                                    if cp_rank != "deprecated" and cp_id in value_set:
+                                        keep = True
+
+                    if keep:
+                        unique_id = obj["id"]
+
+                        if to_print:
+                            print("ID:", unique_id)
+                            print("type:", entry_type)
+
+                        # parsing all properties that refer to other entities
+                        if parse_properties:
+                            for prop, claim_property in claims.items():
+                                cp_dicts = [cp['mainsnak']['datavalue'].get('value') for cp in claim_property
+                                            if cp['mainsnak'].get('datavalue')]
+                                cp_values = [cp_dict.get('id') for cp_dict in cp_dicts if isinstance(cp_dict, dict)
+                                             if cp_dict.get('id') is not None]
+                                if cp_values:
+                                    if to_print:
+                                        print("prop:", prop, cp_values)
+
+                        found_link = False
+                        if parse_sitelinks:
+                            site_value = obj["sitelinks"].get(site_filter, None)
+                            if site_value:
+                                site = site_value['title']
+                                if to_print:
+                                    print(site_filter, ":", site)
+                                title_to_id[site] = unique_id
+                                found_link = True
+
+                        if parse_labels:
+                            labels = obj["labels"]
+                            if labels:
+                                lang_label = labels.get(lang, None)
+                                if lang_label:
+                                    if to_print:
+                                        print("label (" + lang + "):", lang_label["value"])
+
+                        if found_link and parse_descriptions:
+                            descriptions = obj["descriptions"]
+                            if descriptions:
+                                lang_descr = descriptions.get(lang, None)
+                                if lang_descr:
+                                    if to_print:
+                                        print("description (" + lang + "):", lang_descr["value"])
+                                    id_to_descr[unique_id] = lang_descr["value"]
+
+                        if parse_aliases:
+                            aliases = obj["aliases"]
+                            if aliases:
+                                lang_aliases = aliases.get(lang, None)
+                                if lang_aliases:
+                                    for item in lang_aliases:
+                                        if to_print:
+                                            print("alias (" + lang + "):", item["value"])
+
+                        if to_print:
+                            print()
+            line = file.readline()
+            cnt += 1
+
+    return title_to_id, id_to_descr

bin/wiki_entity_linking/wikipedia_processor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import re
+import bz2
+import csv
+import datetime
+
+"""
+Process a Wikipedia dump to calculate entity frequencies and prior probabilities in combination with certain mentions.
+Write these results to file for downstream KB and training data generation.
+"""
+
+map_alias_to_link = dict()
+
+# these will/should be matched ignoring case
+wiki_namespaces = [
+    "b",
+    "betawikiversity",
+    "Book",
+    "c",
+    "Category",
+    "Commons",
+    "d",
+    "dbdump",
+    "download",
+    "Draft",
+    "Education",
+    "Foundation",
+    "Gadget",
+    "Gadget definition",
+    "gerrit",
+    "File",
+    "Help",
+    "Image",
+    "Incubator",
+    "m",
+    "mail",
+    "mailarchive",
+    "media",
+    "MediaWiki",
+    "MediaWiki talk",
+    "Mediawikiwiki",
+    "MediaZilla",
+    "Meta",
+    "Metawikipedia",
+    "Module",
+    "mw",
+    "n",
+    "nost",
+    "oldwikisource",
+    "outreach",
+    "outreachwiki",
+    "otrs",
+    "OTRSwiki",
+    "Portal",
+    "phab",
+    "Phabricator",
+    "Project",
+    "q",
+    "quality",
+    "rev",
+    "s",
+    "spcom",
+    "Special",
+    "species",
+    "Strategy",
+    "sulutil",
+    "svn",
+    "Talk",
+    "Template",
+    "Template talk",
+    "Testwiki",
+    "ticket",
+    "TimedText",
+    "Toollabs",
+    "tools",
+    "tswiki",
+    "User",
+    "User talk",
+    "v",
+    "voy",
+    "w",
+    "Wikibooks",
+    "Wikidata",
+    "wikiHow",
+    "Wikinvest",
+    "wikilivres",
+    "Wikimedia",
+    "Wikinews",
+    "Wikipedia",
+    "Wikipedia talk",
+    "Wikiquote",
+    "Wikisource",
+    "Wikispecies",
+    "Wikitech",
+    "Wikiversity",
+    "Wikivoyage",
+    "wikt",
+    "wiktionary",
+    "wmf",
+    "wmania",
+    "WP",
+]
+
+# find the links
+link_regex = re.compile(r"\[\[[^\[\]]*\]\]")
+
+# match on interwiki links, e.g. `en:` or `:fr:`
+ns_regex = r":?" + "[a-z][a-z]" + ":"
+
+# match on Namespace: optionally preceded by a :
+for ns in wiki_namespaces:
+    ns_regex += "|" + ":?" + ns + ":"
+
+ns_regex = re.compile(ns_regex, re.IGNORECASE)
+
+
+def now():
+    return datetime.datetime.now()
+
+
+def read_prior_probs(wikipedia_input, prior_prob_output):
+    """
+    Read the XML wikipedia data and parse out intra-wiki links to estimate prior probabilities.
+    The full file takes about 2h to parse 1100M lines.
+    It works relatively fast because it runs line by line, irrelevant of which article the intrawiki is from.
+    """
+    with bz2.open(wikipedia_input, mode="rb") as file:
+        line = file.readline()
+        cnt = 0
+        while line:
+            if cnt % 5000000 == 0:
+                print(now(), "processed", cnt, "lines of Wikipedia dump")
+            clean_line = line.strip().decode("utf-8")
+
+            aliases, entities, normalizations = get_wp_links(clean_line)
+            for alias, entity, norm in zip(aliases, entities, normalizations):
+                _store_alias(alias, entity, normalize_alias=norm, normalize_entity=True)
+                _store_alias(alias, entity, normalize_alias=norm, normalize_entity=True)
+
+            line = file.readline()
+            cnt += 1
+
+    # write all aliases and their entities and count occurrences to file
+    with prior_prob_output.open("w", encoding="utf8") as outputfile:
+        outputfile.write("alias" + "|" + "count" + "|" + "entity" + "\n")
+        for alias, alias_dict in sorted(map_alias_to_link.items(), key=lambda x: x[0]):
+            s_dict = sorted(alias_dict.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
+            for entity, count in s_dict:
+                outputfile.write(alias + "|" + str(count) + "|" + entity + "\n")
+
+
+def _store_alias(alias, entity, normalize_alias=False, normalize_entity=True):
+    alias = alias.strip()
+    entity = entity.strip()
+
+    # remove everything after # as this is not part of the title but refers to a specific paragraph
+    if normalize_entity:
+        # wikipedia titles are always capitalized
+        entity = _capitalize_first(entity.split("#")[0])
+    if normalize_alias:
+        alias = alias.split("#")[0]
+
+    if alias and entity:
+        alias_dict = map_alias_to_link.get(alias, dict())
+        entity_count = alias_dict.get(entity, 0)
+        alias_dict[entity] = entity_count + 1
+        map_alias_to_link[alias] = alias_dict
+
+
+def get_wp_links(text):
+    aliases = []
+    entities = []
+    normalizations = []
+
+    matches = link_regex.findall(text)
+    for match in matches:
+        match = match[2:][:-2].replace("_", " ").strip()
+
+        if ns_regex.match(match):
+            pass  # ignore namespaces at the beginning of the string
+
+        # this is a simple [[link]], with the alias the same as the mention
+        elif "|" not in match:
+            aliases.append(match)
+            entities.append(match)
+            normalizations.append(True)
+
+        # in wiki format, the link is written as [[entity|alias]]
+        else:
+            splits = match.split("|")
+            entity = splits[0].strip()
+            alias = splits[1].strip()
+            # specific wiki format  [[alias (specification)|]]
+            if len(alias) == 0 and "(" in entity:
+                alias = entity.split("(")[0]
+                aliases.append(alias)
+                entities.append(entity)
+                normalizations.append(False)
+            else:
+                aliases.append(alias)
+                entities.append(entity)
+                normalizations.append(False)
+
+    return aliases, entities, normalizations
+
+
+def _capitalize_first(text):
+    if not text:
+        return None
+    result = text[0].capitalize()
+    if len(result) > 0:
+        result += text[1:]
+    return result
+
+
+def write_entity_counts(prior_prob_input, count_output, to_print=False):
+    # Write entity counts for quick access later
+    entity_to_count = dict()
+    total_count = 0
+
+    with prior_prob_input.open("r", encoding="utf8") as prior_file:
+        # skip header
+        prior_file.readline()
+        line = prior_file.readline()
+
+        while line:
+            splits = line.replace("\n", "").split(sep="|")
+            # alias = splits[0]
+            count = int(splits[1])
+            entity = splits[2]
+
+            current_count = entity_to_count.get(entity, 0)
+            entity_to_count[entity] = current_count + count
+
+            total_count += count
+
+            line = prior_file.readline()
+
+    with count_output.open("w", encoding="utf8") as entity_file:
+        entity_file.write("entity" + "|" + "count" + "\n")
+        for entity, count in entity_to_count.items():
+            entity_file.write(entity + "|" + str(count) + "\n")
+
+    if to_print:
+        for entity, count in entity_to_count.items():
+            print("Entity count:", entity, count)
+        print("Total count:", total_count)
+
+
+def get_all_frequencies(count_input):
+    entity_to_count = dict()
+    with count_input.open("r", encoding="utf8") as csvfile:
+        csvreader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter="|")
+        # skip header
+        next(csvreader)
+        for row in csvreader:
+            entity_to_count[row[0]] = int(row[1])
+
+    return entity_to_count

examples/information_extraction/entity_relations.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ dependency tree to find the noun phrase they are referring to – for example:
 $9.4 million --> Net income.
 
 Compatible with: spaCy v2.0.0+
+Last tested with: v2.1.0
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
 
@@ -35,11 +36,26 @@ def main(model="en_core_web_sm"):
             print("{:<10}\t{}\t{}".format(r1.text, r2.ent_type_, r2.text))
 
 
+def filter_spans(spans):
+    # Filter a sequence of spans so they don't contain overlaps
+    get_sort_key = lambda span: (span.end - span.start, span.start)
+    sorted_spans = sorted(spans, key=get_sort_key, reverse=True)
+    result = []
+    seen_tokens = set()
+    for span in sorted_spans:
+        if span.start not in seen_tokens and span.end - 1 not in seen_tokens:
+            result.append(span)
+            seen_tokens.update(range(span.start, span.end))
+    return result
+
+
 def extract_currency_relations(doc):
-    # merge entities and noun chunks into one token
+    # Merge entities and noun chunks into one token
     spans = list(doc.ents) + list(doc.noun_chunks)
-    for span in spans:
+    spans = filter_spans(spans)
-        span.merge()
+    with doc.retokenize() as retokenizer:
+        for span in spans:
+            retokenizer.merge(span)
 
     relations = []
     for money in filter(lambda w: w.ent_type_ == "MONEY", doc):

examples/information_extraction/parse_subtrees.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ show you how computers understand [language]
 I'm assuming that we can use the token.head to build these groups."
 
 Compatible with: spaCy v2.0.0+
+Last tested with: v2.1.0
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
 

examples/pipeline/custom_attr_methods.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ they're called on is passed in as the first argument.
 * Custom pipeline components: https://spacy.io//usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components
 
 Compatible with: spaCy v2.0.0+
+Last tested with: v2.1.0
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
 

examples/pipeline/custom_component_countries_api.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ coordinates. Can be extended with more details from the API.
 * Custom pipeline components: https://spacy.io//usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components
 
 Compatible with: spaCy v2.0.0+
+Last tested with: v2.1.0
 Prerequisites: pip install requests
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function

examples/pipeline/custom_component_entities.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ respectively.
 * Custom pipeline components: https://spacy.io//usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components
 
 Compatible with: spaCy v2.0.0+
+Last tested with: v2.1.0
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
 

examples/pipeline/custom_sentence_segmentation.py

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ should also improve the parse quality.
 The specific example here is drawn from https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/issues/2627
 Other versions of the model may not make the original mistake, so the specific
 example might not be apt for future versions.
+
+Compatible with: spaCy v2.0.0+
+Last tested with: v2.1.0
 """
 import plac
 import spacy
@@ -25,8 +28,10 @@ def prevent_sentence_boundaries(doc):
 def can_be_sentence_start(token):
     if token.i == 0:
         return True
-    elif token.is_title:
+    # We're not checking for is_title here to ignore arbitrary titlecased
-        return True
+    # tokens within sentences
+    # elif token.is_title:
+    #    return True
     elif token.nbor(-1).is_punct:
         return True
     elif token.nbor(-1).is_space:
@@ -35,16 +40,21 @@ def can_be_sentence_start(token):
         return False
 
 
-def main():
+@plac.annotations(
-    nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_lg")
+    text=("The raw text to process", "positional", None, str),
-    raw_text = "Been here and I'm loving it."
+    spacy_model=("spaCy model to use (with a parser)", "option", "m", str),
-    doc = nlp(raw_text)
+)
-    sentences = [sent.string.strip() for sent in doc.sents]
+def main(text="Been here And I'm loving it.", spacy_model="en_core_web_lg"):
-    print(sentences)
+    print("Using spaCy model '{}'".format(spacy_model))
+    print("Processing text '{}'".format(text))
+    nlp = spacy.load(spacy_model)
+    doc = nlp(text)
+    sentences = [sent.text.strip() for sent in doc.sents]
+    print("Before:", sentences)
     nlp.add_pipe(prevent_sentence_boundaries, before="parser")
-    doc = nlp(raw_text)
+    doc = nlp(text)
-    sentences = [sent.string.strip() for sent in doc.sents]
+    sentences = [sent.text.strip() for sent in doc.sents]
-    print(sentences)
+    print("After:", sentences)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

examples/pipeline/dummy_entity_linking.py

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+"""Demonstrate how to build a simple knowledge base and run an Entity Linking algorithm.
+Currently still a bit of a dummy algorithm: taking simply the entity with highest probability for a given alias
+"""
+import spacy
+from spacy.kb import KnowledgeBase
+
+
+def create_kb(vocab):
+    kb = KnowledgeBase(vocab=vocab, entity_vector_length=1)
+
+    # adding entities
+    entity_0 = "Q1004791_Douglas"
+    print("adding entity", entity_0)
+    kb.add_entity(entity=entity_0, freq=0.5, entity_vector=[0])
+
+    entity_1 = "Q42_Douglas_Adams"
+    print("adding entity", entity_1)
+    kb.add_entity(entity=entity_1, freq=0.5, entity_vector=[1])
+
+    entity_2 = "Q5301561_Douglas_Haig"
+    print("adding entity", entity_2)
+    kb.add_entity(entity=entity_2, freq=0.5, entity_vector=[2])
+
+    # adding aliases
+    print()
+    alias_0 = "Douglas"
+    print("adding alias", alias_0)
+    kb.add_alias(alias=alias_0, entities=[entity_0, entity_1, entity_2], probabilities=[0.6, 0.1, 0.2])
+
+    alias_1 = "Douglas Adams"
+    print("adding alias", alias_1)
+    kb.add_alias(alias=alias_1, entities=[entity_1], probabilities=[0.9])
+
+    print()
+    print("kb size:", len(kb), kb.get_size_entities(), kb.get_size_aliases())
+
+    return kb
+
+
+def add_el(kb, nlp):
+    el_pipe = nlp.create_pipe(name='entity_linker', config={"context_width": 64})
+    el_pipe.set_kb(kb)
+    nlp.add_pipe(el_pipe, last=True)
+    nlp.begin_training()
+    el_pipe.context_weight = 0
+    el_pipe.prior_weight = 1
+
+    for alias in ["Douglas Adams", "Douglas"]:
+        candidates = nlp.linker.kb.get_candidates(alias)
+        print()
+        print(len(candidates), "candidate(s) for", alias, ":")
+        for c in candidates:
+            print(" ", c.entity_, c.prior_prob)
+
+    text = "In The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, written by Douglas Adams, " \
+           "Douglas reminds us to always bring our towel. " \
+           "The main character in Doug's novel is called Arthur Dent."
+    doc = nlp(text)
+
+    print()
+    for token in doc:
+        print("token", token.text, token.ent_type_, token.ent_kb_id_)
+
+    print()
+    for ent in doc.ents:
+        print("ent", ent.text, ent.label_, ent.kb_id_)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    my_nlp = spacy.load('en_core_web_sm')
+    my_kb = create_kb(my_nlp.vocab)
+    add_el(my_kb, my_nlp)

examples/pipeline/fix_space_entities.py

@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# coding: utf8
 """Demonstrate adding a rule-based component that forces some tokens to not
 be entities, before the NER tagger is applied. This is used to hotfix the issue
-in https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/issues/2870 , present as of spaCy v2.0.16.
+in https://github.com/explosion/spaCy/issues/2870, present as of spaCy v2.0.16.
+
+Compatible with: spaCy v2.0.0+
+Last tested with: v2.1.0
 """
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 import spacy
 from spacy.attrs import ENT_IOB
 
@@ -18,7 +25,7 @@ def fix_space_tags(doc):
 
 def main():
     nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_sm")
-    text = u"""This is some crazy test where I dont need an Apple                Watch to make things bug"""
+    text = "This is some crazy test where I dont need an Apple                Watch to make things bug"
     doc = nlp(text)
     print("Before", doc.ents)
     nlp.add_pipe(fix_space_tags, name="fix-ner", before="ner")

examples/pipeline/multi_processing.py

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ the IMDB movie reviews dataset and will be loaded automatically via Thinc's
 built-in dataset loader.
 
 Compatible with: spaCy v2.0.0+
+Last tested with: v2.1.0
+Prerequisites: pip install joblib
 """
 from __future__ import print_function, unicode_literals
 

examples/pipeline/wikidata_entity_linking.py

@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import os
+from os import path
+import random
+import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from bin.wiki_entity_linking import wikipedia_processor as wp
+from bin.wiki_entity_linking import training_set_creator, kb_creator
+from bin.wiki_entity_linking.kb_creator import DESC_WIDTH
+
+import spacy
+from spacy.kb import KnowledgeBase
+from spacy.util import minibatch, compounding
+
+"""
+Demonstrate how to build a knowledge base from WikiData and run an Entity Linking algorithm.
+"""
+
+ROOT_DIR = Path("C:/Users/Sofie/Documents/data/")
+OUTPUT_DIR = ROOT_DIR / "wikipedia"
+TRAINING_DIR = OUTPUT_DIR / "training_data_nel"
+
+PRIOR_PROB = OUTPUT_DIR / "prior_prob.csv"
+ENTITY_COUNTS = OUTPUT_DIR / "entity_freq.csv"
+ENTITY_DEFS = OUTPUT_DIR / "entity_defs.csv"
+ENTITY_DESCR = OUTPUT_DIR / "entity_descriptions.csv"
+
+KB_DIR = OUTPUT_DIR / "kb_1"
+KB_FILE = "kb"
+NLP_1_DIR = OUTPUT_DIR / "nlp_1"
+NLP_2_DIR = OUTPUT_DIR / "nlp_2"
+
+# get latest-all.json.bz2 from https://dumps.wikimedia.org/wikidatawiki/entities/
+WIKIDATA_JSON = ROOT_DIR / "wikidata" / "wikidata-20190304-all.json.bz2"
+
+# get enwiki-latest-pages-articles-multistream.xml.bz2 from https://dumps.wikimedia.org/enwiki/latest/
+ENWIKI_DUMP = (
+    ROOT_DIR / "wikipedia" / "enwiki-20190320-pages-articles-multistream.xml.bz2"
+)
+
+# KB construction parameters
+MAX_CANDIDATES = 10
+MIN_ENTITY_FREQ = 20
+MIN_PAIR_OCC = 5
+
+# model training parameters
+EPOCHS = 10
+DROPOUT = 0.5
+LEARN_RATE = 0.005
+L2 = 1e-6
+CONTEXT_WIDTH = 128
+
+
+def now():
+    return datetime.datetime.now()
+
+
+def run_pipeline():
+    # set the appropriate booleans to define which parts of the pipeline should be re(run)
+    print("START", now())
+    print()
+    nlp_1 = spacy.load("en_core_web_lg")
+    nlp_2 = None
+    kb_2 = None
+
+    # one-time methods to create KB and write to file
+    to_create_prior_probs = False
+    to_create_entity_counts = False
+    to_create_kb = False
+
+    # read KB back in from file
+    to_read_kb = True
+    to_test_kb = False
+
+    # create training dataset
+    create_wp_training = False
+
+    # train the EL pipe
+    train_pipe = True
+    measure_performance = True
+
+    # test the EL pipe on a simple example
+    to_test_pipeline = True
+
+    # write the NLP object, read back in and test again
+    to_write_nlp = True
+    to_read_nlp = True
+    test_from_file = False
+
+    # STEP 1 : create prior probabilities from WP (run only once)
+    if to_create_prior_probs:
+        print("STEP 1: to_create_prior_probs", now())
+        wp.read_prior_probs(ENWIKI_DUMP, PRIOR_PROB)
+        print()
+
+    # STEP 2 : deduce entity frequencies from WP (run only once)
+    if to_create_entity_counts:
+        print("STEP 2: to_create_entity_counts", now())
+        wp.write_entity_counts(PRIOR_PROB, ENTITY_COUNTS, to_print=False)
+        print()
+
+    # STEP 3 : create KB and write to file (run only once)
+    if to_create_kb:
+        print("STEP 3a: to_create_kb", now())
+        kb_1 = kb_creator.create_kb(
+            nlp=nlp_1,
+            max_entities_per_alias=MAX_CANDIDATES,
+            min_entity_freq=MIN_ENTITY_FREQ,
+            min_occ=MIN_PAIR_OCC,
+            entity_def_output=ENTITY_DEFS,
+            entity_descr_output=ENTITY_DESCR,
+            count_input=ENTITY_COUNTS,
+            prior_prob_input=PRIOR_PROB,
+            wikidata_input=WIKIDATA_JSON,
+        )
+        print("kb entities:", kb_1.get_size_entities())
+        print("kb aliases:", kb_1.get_size_aliases())
+        print()
+
+        print("STEP 3b: write KB and NLP", now())
+
+        if not path.exists(KB_DIR):
+            os.makedirs(KB_DIR)
+        kb_1.dump(KB_DIR / KB_FILE)
+        nlp_1.to_disk(NLP_1_DIR)
+        print()
+
+    # STEP 4 : read KB back in from file
+    if to_read_kb:
+        print("STEP 4: to_read_kb", now())
+        nlp_2 = spacy.load(NLP_1_DIR)
+        kb_2 = KnowledgeBase(vocab=nlp_2.vocab, entity_vector_length=DESC_WIDTH)
+        kb_2.load_bulk(KB_DIR / KB_FILE)
+        print("kb entities:", kb_2.get_size_entities())
+        print("kb aliases:", kb_2.get_size_aliases())
+        print()
+
+        # test KB
+        if to_test_kb:
+            check_kb(kb_2)
+            print()
+
+    # STEP 5: create a training dataset from WP
+    if create_wp_training:
+        print("STEP 5: create training dataset", now())
+        training_set_creator.create_training(
+            wikipedia_input=ENWIKI_DUMP,
+            entity_def_input=ENTITY_DEFS,
+            training_output=TRAINING_DIR,
+        )
+
+    # STEP 6: create and train the entity linking pipe
+    if train_pipe:
+        print("STEP 6: training Entity Linking pipe", now())
+        type_to_int = {label: i for i, label in enumerate(nlp_2.entity.labels)}
+        print(" -analysing", len(type_to_int), "different entity types")
+        el_pipe = nlp_2.create_pipe(
+            name="entity_linker",
+            config={
+                "context_width": CONTEXT_WIDTH,
+                "pretrained_vectors": nlp_2.vocab.vectors.name,
+                "type_to_int": type_to_int,
+            },
+        )
+        el_pipe.set_kb(kb_2)
+        nlp_2.add_pipe(el_pipe, last=True)
+
+        other_pipes = [pipe for pipe in nlp_2.pipe_names if pipe != "entity_linker"]
+        with nlp_2.disable_pipes(*other_pipes):  # only train Entity Linking
+            optimizer = nlp_2.begin_training()
+            optimizer.learn_rate = LEARN_RATE
+            optimizer.L2 = L2
+
+        # define the size (nr of entities) of training and dev set
+        train_limit = 5000
+        dev_limit = 5000
+
+        # for training, get pos & neg instances that correspond to entries in the kb
+        train_data = training_set_creator.read_training(
+            nlp=nlp_2,
+            training_dir=TRAINING_DIR,
+            dev=False,
+            limit=train_limit,
+            kb=el_pipe.kb,
+        )
+
+        print("Training on", len(train_data), "articles")
+        print()
+
+        # for testing, get all pos instances, whether or not they are in the kb
+        dev_data = training_set_creator.read_training(
+            nlp=nlp_2, training_dir=TRAINING_DIR, dev=True, limit=dev_limit, kb=None
+        )
+
+        print("Dev testing on", len(dev_data), "articles")
+        print()
+
+        if not train_data:
+            print("Did not find any training data")
+        else:
+            for itn in range(EPOCHS):
+                random.shuffle(train_data)
+                losses = {}
+                batches = minibatch(train_data, size=compounding(4.0, 128.0, 1.001))
+                batchnr = 0
+
+                with nlp_2.disable_pipes(*other_pipes):
+                    for batch in batches:
+                        try:
+                            docs, golds = zip(*batch)
+                            nlp_2.update(
+                                docs=docs,
+                                golds=golds,
+                                sgd=optimizer,
+                                drop=DROPOUT,
+                                losses=losses,
+                            )
+                            batchnr += 1
+                        except Exception as e:
+                            print("Error updating batch:", e)
+
+                if batchnr > 0:
+                    el_pipe.cfg["context_weight"] = 1
+                    el_pipe.cfg["prior_weight"] = 1
+                    dev_acc_context, _ = _measure_acc(dev_data, el_pipe)
+                    losses["entity_linker"] = losses["entity_linker"] / batchnr
+                    print(
+                        "Epoch, train loss",
+                        itn,
+                        round(losses["entity_linker"], 2),
+                        " / dev acc avg",
+                        round(dev_acc_context, 3),
+                    )
+
+        # STEP 7: measure the performance of our trained pipe on an independent dev set
+        if len(dev_data) and measure_performance:
+            print()
+            print("STEP 7: performance measurement of Entity Linking pipe", now())
+            print()
+
+            counts, acc_r, acc_r_d, acc_p, acc_p_d, acc_o, acc_o_d = _measure_baselines(
+                dev_data, kb_2
+            )
+            print("dev counts:", sorted(counts.items(), key=lambda x: x[0]))
+
+            oracle_by_label = [(x, round(y, 3)) for x, y in acc_o_d.items()]
+            print("dev acc oracle:", round(acc_o, 3), oracle_by_label)
+
+            random_by_label = [(x, round(y, 3)) for x, y in acc_r_d.items()]
+            print("dev acc random:", round(acc_r, 3), random_by_label)
+
+            prior_by_label = [(x, round(y, 3)) for x, y in acc_p_d.items()]
+            print("dev acc prior:", round(acc_p, 3), prior_by_label)
+
+            # using only context
+            el_pipe.cfg["context_weight"] = 1
+            el_pipe.cfg["prior_weight"] = 0
+            dev_acc_context, dev_acc_cont_d = _measure_acc(dev_data, el_pipe)
+            context_by_label = [(x, round(y, 3)) for x, y in dev_acc_cont_d.items()]
+            print("dev acc context avg:", round(dev_acc_context, 3), context_by_label)
+
+            # measuring combined accuracy (prior + context)
+            el_pipe.cfg["context_weight"] = 1
+            el_pipe.cfg["prior_weight"] = 1
+            dev_acc_combo, dev_acc_combo_d = _measure_acc(dev_data, el_pipe)
+            combo_by_label = [(x, round(y, 3)) for x, y in dev_acc_combo_d.items()]
+            print("dev acc combo avg:", round(dev_acc_combo, 3), combo_by_label)
+
+        # STEP 8: apply the EL pipe on a toy example
+        if to_test_pipeline:
+            print()
+            print("STEP 8: applying Entity Linking to toy example", now())
+            print()
+            run_el_toy_example(nlp=nlp_2)
+
+        # STEP 9: write the NLP pipeline (including entity linker) to file
+        if to_write_nlp:
+            print()
+            print("STEP 9: testing NLP IO", now())
+            print()
+            print("writing to", NLP_2_DIR)
+            nlp_2.to_disk(NLP_2_DIR)
+            print()
+
+    # verify that the IO has gone correctly
+    if to_read_nlp:
+        print("reading from", NLP_2_DIR)
+        nlp_3 = spacy.load(NLP_2_DIR)
+
+        print("running toy example with NLP 3")
+        run_el_toy_example(nlp=nlp_3)
+
+    # testing performance with an NLP model from file
+    if test_from_file:
+        nlp_2 = spacy.load(NLP_1_DIR)
+        nlp_3 = spacy.load(NLP_2_DIR)
+        el_pipe = nlp_3.get_pipe("entity_linker")
+
+        dev_limit = 5000
+        dev_data = training_set_creator.read_training(
+            nlp=nlp_2, training_dir=TRAINING_DIR, dev=True, limit=dev_limit, kb=None
+        )
+
+        print("Dev testing from file on", len(dev_data), "articles")
+        print()
+
+        dev_acc_combo, dev_acc_combo_dict = _measure_acc(dev_data, el_pipe)
+        combo_by_label = [(x, round(y, 3)) for x, y in dev_acc_combo_dict.items()]
+        print("dev acc combo avg:", round(dev_acc_combo, 3), combo_by_label)
+
+    print()
+    print("STOP", now())
+
+
+def _measure_acc(data, el_pipe=None, error_analysis=False):
+    # If the docs in the data require further processing with an entity linker, set el_pipe
+    correct_by_label = dict()
+    incorrect_by_label = dict()
+
+    docs = [d for d, g in data if len(d) > 0]
+    if el_pipe is not None:
+        docs = list(el_pipe.pipe(docs))
+    golds = [g for d, g in data if len(d) > 0]
+
+    for doc, gold in zip(docs, golds):
+        try:
+            correct_entries_per_article = dict()
+            for entity, kb_dict in gold.links.items():
+                start, end = entity
+                # only evaluating on positive examples
+                for gold_kb, value in kb_dict.items():
+                    if value:
+                        offset = _offset(start, end)
+                        correct_entries_per_article[offset] = gold_kb
+
+            for ent in doc.ents:
+                ent_label = ent.label_
+                pred_entity = ent.kb_id_
+                start = ent.start_char
+                end = ent.end_char
+                offset = _offset(start, end)
+                gold_entity = correct_entries_per_article.get(offset, None)
+                # the gold annotations are not complete so we can't evaluate missing annotations as 'wrong'
+                if gold_entity is not None:
+                    if gold_entity == pred_entity:
+                        correct = correct_by_label.get(ent_label, 0)
+                        correct_by_label[ent_label] = correct + 1
+                    else:
+                        incorrect = incorrect_by_label.get(ent_label, 0)
+                        incorrect_by_label[ent_label] = incorrect + 1
+                        if error_analysis:
+                            print(ent.text, "in", doc)
+                            print(
+                                "Predicted",
+                                pred_entity,
+                                "should have been",
+                                gold_entity,
+                            )
+                            print()
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error assessing accuracy", e)
+
+    acc, acc_by_label = calculate_acc(correct_by_label, incorrect_by_label)
+    return acc, acc_by_label
+
+
+def _measure_baselines(data, kb):
+    # Measure 3 performance baselines: random selection, prior probabilities, and 'oracle' prediction for upper bound
+    counts_d = dict()
+
+    random_correct_d = dict()
+    random_incorrect_d = dict()
+
+    oracle_correct_d = dict()
+    oracle_incorrect_d = dict()
+
+    prior_correct_d = dict()
+    prior_incorrect_d = dict()
+
+    docs = [d for d, g in data if len(d) > 0]
+    golds = [g for d, g in data if len(d) > 0]
+
+    for doc, gold in zip(docs, golds):
+        try:
+            correct_entries_per_article = dict()
+            for entity, kb_dict in gold.links.items():
+                start, end = entity
+                for gold_kb, value in kb_dict.items():
+                    # only evaluating on positive examples
+                    if value:
+                        offset = _offset(start, end)
+                        correct_entries_per_article[offset] = gold_kb
+
+            for ent in doc.ents:
+                label = ent.label_
+                start = ent.start_char
+                end = ent.end_char
+                offset = _offset(start, end)
+                gold_entity = correct_entries_per_article.get(offset, None)
+
+                # the gold annotations are not complete so we can't evaluate missing annotations as 'wrong'
+                if gold_entity is not None:
+                    counts_d[label] = counts_d.get(label, 0) + 1
+                    candidates = kb.get_candidates(ent.text)
+                    oracle_candidate = ""
+                    best_candidate = ""
+                    random_candidate = ""
+                    if candidates:
+                        scores = []
+
+                        for c in candidates:
+                            scores.append(c.prior_prob)
+                            if c.entity_ == gold_entity:
+                                oracle_candidate = c.entity_
+
+                        best_index = scores.index(max(scores))
+                        best_candidate = candidates[best_index].entity_
+                        random_candidate = random.choice(candidates).entity_
+
+                    if gold_entity == best_candidate:
+                        prior_correct_d[label] = prior_correct_d.get(label, 0) + 1
+                    else:
+                        prior_incorrect_d[label] = prior_incorrect_d.get(label, 0) + 1
+
+                    if gold_entity == random_candidate:
+                        random_correct_d[label] = random_correct_d.get(label, 0) + 1
+                    else:
+                        random_incorrect_d[label] = random_incorrect_d.get(label, 0) + 1
+
+                    if gold_entity == oracle_candidate:
+                        oracle_correct_d[label] = oracle_correct_d.get(label, 0) + 1
+                    else:
+                        oracle_incorrect_d[label] = oracle_incorrect_d.get(label, 0) + 1
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error assessing accuracy", e)
+
+    acc_prior, acc_prior_d = calculate_acc(prior_correct_d, prior_incorrect_d)
+    acc_rand, acc_rand_d = calculate_acc(random_correct_d, random_incorrect_d)
+    acc_oracle, acc_oracle_d = calculate_acc(oracle_correct_d, oracle_incorrect_d)
+
+    return (
+        counts_d,
+        acc_rand,
+        acc_rand_d,
+        acc_prior,
+        acc_prior_d,
+        acc_oracle,
+        acc_oracle_d,
+    )
+
+
+def _offset(start, end):
+    return "{}_{}".format(start, end)
+
+
+def calculate_acc(correct_by_label, incorrect_by_label):
+    acc_by_label = dict()
+    total_correct = 0
+    total_incorrect = 0
+    all_keys = set()
+    all_keys.update(correct_by_label.keys())
+    all_keys.update(incorrect_by_label.keys())
+    for label in sorted(all_keys):
+        correct = correct_by_label.get(label, 0)
+        incorrect = incorrect_by_label.get(label, 0)
+        total_correct += correct
+        total_incorrect += incorrect
+        if correct == incorrect == 0:
+            acc_by_label[label] = 0
+        else:
+            acc_by_label[label] = correct / (correct + incorrect)
+    acc = 0
+    if not (total_correct == total_incorrect == 0):
+        acc = total_correct / (total_correct + total_incorrect)
+    return acc, acc_by_label
+
+
+def check_kb(kb):
+    for mention in ("Bush", "Douglas Adams", "Homer", "Brazil", "China"):
+        candidates = kb.get_candidates(mention)
+
+        print("generating candidates for " + mention + " :")
+        for c in candidates:
+            print(
+                " ",
+                c.prior_prob,
+                c.alias_,
+                "-->",
+                c.entity_ + " (freq=" + str(c.entity_freq) + ")",
+            )
+        print()
+
+
+def run_el_toy_example(nlp):
+    text = (
+        "In The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, written by Douglas Adams, "
+        "Douglas reminds us to always bring our towel, even in China or Brazil. "
+        "The main character in Doug's novel is the man Arthur Dent, "
+        "but Dougledydoug doesn't write about George Washington or Homer Simpson."
+    )
+    doc = nlp(text)
+    print(text)
+    for ent in doc.ents:
+        print(" ent", ent.text, ent.label_, ent.kb_id_)
+    print()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    run_pipeline()

examples/training/train_ner.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ For more details, see the documentation:
 * NER: https://spacy.io/usage/linguistic-features#named-entities
 
 Compatible with: spaCy v2.0.0+
+Last tested with: v2.1.0
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
 

examples/training/train_new_entity_type.py

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ For more details, see the documentation:
 * Training: https://spacy.io/usage/training
 * NER: https://spacy.io/usage/linguistic-features#named-entities
 
-Compatible with: spaCy v2.0.0+
+Compatible with: spaCy v2.1.0+
+Last tested with: v2.1.0
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
 
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ def main(model=None, new_model_name="animal", output_dir=None, n_iter=30):
 
     ner.add_label(LABEL)  # add new entity label to entity recognizer
     # Adding extraneous labels shouldn't mess anything up
-    ner.add_label('VEGETABLE')
+    ner.add_label("VEGETABLE")
     if model is None:
         optimizer = nlp.begin_training()
     else:
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ def main(model=None, new_model_name="animal", output_dir=None, n_iter=30):
         print("Loading from", output_dir)
         nlp2 = spacy.load(output_dir)
         # Check the classes have loaded back consistently
-        assert nlp2.get_pipe('ner').move_names == move_names
+        assert nlp2.get_pipe("ner").move_names == move_names
         doc2 = nlp2(test_text)
         for ent in doc2.ents:
             print(ent.label_, ent.text)

examples/training/train_parser.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ model or a blank model. For more details, see the documentation:
 * Dependency Parse: https://spacy.io/usage/linguistic-features#dependency-parse
 
 Compatible with: spaCy v2.0.0+
+Last tested with: v2.1.0
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ TRAIN_DATA = [
     output_dir=("Optional output directory", "option", "o", Path),
     n_iter=("Number of training iterations", "option", "n", int),
 )
-def main(model=None, output_dir=None, n_iter=10):
+def main(model=None, output_dir=None, n_iter=15):
     """Load the model, set up the pipeline and train the parser."""
     if model is not None:
         nlp = spacy.load(model)  # load existing spaCy model

examples/training/train_tagger.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ the documentation:
 * POS Tagging: https://spacy.io/usage/linguistic-features#pos-tagging
 
 Compatible with: spaCy v2.0.0+
+Last tested with: v2.1.0
 """
 from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
 

examples/training/train_textcat.py

@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ from spacy.util import minibatch, compounding
     output_dir=("Optional output directory", "option", "o", Path),
     n_texts=("Number of texts to train from", "option", "t", int),
     n_iter=("Number of training iterations", "option", "n", int),
+    init_tok2vec=("Pretrained tok2vec weights", "option", "t2v", Path)
 )
-def main(model=None, output_dir=None, n_iter=20, n_texts=2000):
+def main(model=None, output_dir=None, n_iter=20, n_texts=2000, init_tok2vec=None):
     if output_dir is not None:
         output_dir = Path(output_dir)
         if not output_dir.exists():
@@ -41,9 +42,13 @@ def main(model=None, output_dir=None, n_iter=20, n_texts=2000):
     # add the text classifier to the pipeline if it doesn't exist
     # nlp.create_pipe works for built-ins that are registered with spaCy
     if "textcat" not in nlp.pipe_names:
-        textcat = nlp.create_pipe("textcat", config={
+        textcat = nlp.create_pipe(
-            "architecture": "simple_cnn",
+            "textcat",
-            "exclusive_classes": True})
+            config={
+                "exclusive_classes": True,
+                "architecture": "simple_cnn",
+            }
+        )
         nlp.add_pipe(textcat, last=True)
     # otherwise, get it, so we can add labels to it
     else:
@@ -55,7 +60,9 @@ def main(model=None, output_dir=None, n_iter=20, n_texts=2000):
 
     # load the IMDB dataset
     print("Loading IMDB data...")
-    (train_texts, train_cats), (dev_texts, dev_cats) = load_data(limit=n_texts)
+    (train_texts, train_cats), (dev_texts, dev_cats) = load_data()
+    train_texts = train_texts[:n_texts]
+    train_cats = train_cats[:n_texts]
     print(
         "Using {} examples ({} training, {} evaluation)".format(
             n_texts, len(train_texts), len(dev_texts)
@@ -67,12 +74,17 @@ def main(model=None, output_dir=None, n_iter=20, n_texts=2000):
     other_pipes = [pipe for pipe in nlp.pipe_names if pipe != "textcat"]
     with nlp.disable_pipes(*other_pipes):  # only train textcat
         optimizer = nlp.begin_training()
+        if init_tok2vec is not None:
+            with init_tok2vec.open("rb") as file_:
+                textcat.model.tok2vec.from_bytes(file_.read())
         print("Training the model...")
         print("{:^5}\t{:^5}\t{:^5}\t{:^5}".format("LOSS", "P", "R", "F"))
+        batch_sizes = compounding(4.0, 32.0, 1.001)
         for i in range(n_iter):
             losses = {}
             # batch up the examples using spaCy's minibatch
-            batches = minibatch(train_data, size=compounding(4.0, 32.0, 1.001))
+            random.shuffle(train_data)
+            batches = minibatch(train_data, size=batch_sizes)
             for batch in batches:
                 texts, annotations = zip(*batch)
                 nlp.update(texts, annotations, sgd=optimizer, drop=0.2, losses=losses)
@@ -140,7 +152,7 @@ def evaluate(tokenizer, textcat, texts, cats):
                 fn += 1
     precision = tp / (tp + fp)
     recall = tp / (tp + fn)
-    if (precision+recall) == 0:
+    if (precision + recall) == 0:
         f_score = 0.0
     else:
         f_score = 2 * (precision * recall) / (precision + recall)

netlify.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 redirects = [
     # Netlify
-    # TODO: uncomment once the site is switched over
+    {from = "https://spacy.netlify.com/*", to="https://spacy.io/:splat", force = true },
-    # {from = "https://spacy.netlify.com/*", to="https://spacy.io/:splat" },
     # Old subdomains
     {from = "https://survey.spacy.io/*", to = "https://spacy.io", force = true},
     {from = "http://survey.spacy.io/*", to = "https://spacy.io", force = true},
@@ -44,8 +43,9 @@ redirects = [
     {from = "/usage/lightning-tour", to = "/usage/spacy-101#lightning-tour"},
     {from = "/usage/linguistic-features#rule-based-matching", to = "/usage/rule-based-matching"},
     {from = "/models/comparison", to = "/models"},
-    {from = "/api/#section-cython", to = "/api/cython"},
+    {from = "/api/#section-cython", to = "/api/cython", force = true},
-    {from = "/api/#cython", to = "/api/cython"},
+    {from = "/api/#cython", to = "/api/cython", force = true},
-    {from = "/universe", to = "/universe/project/:id", query = {id = ":id"}},
+    {from = "/api/sentencesegmenter", to="/api/sentencizer"},
-    {from = "/universe", to = "/universe/category/:category", query = {category = ":category"}},
+    {from = "/universe", to = "/universe/project/:id", query = {id = ":id"}, force = true},
+    {from = "/universe", to = "/universe/category/:category", query = {category = ":category"}, force = true},
 ]

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 [build-system]
 requires = ["setuptools",
-            "wheel>0.32.0.<0.33.0",
+            "wheel>0.32.0,<0.33.0",
             "Cython",
             "cymem>=2.0.2,<2.1.0",
             "preshed>=2.0.1,<2.1.0",
             "murmurhash>=0.28.0,<1.1.0",
-            "thinc==7.0.0.dev6",
+            "thinc>=7.0.8,<7.1.0",
             ]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"

requirements.txt

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 # Our libraries
 cymem>=2.0.2,<2.1.0
 preshed>=2.0.1,<2.1.0
-thinc>=7.0.2,<7.1.0
+thinc>=7.0.8,<7.1.0
 blis>=0.2.2,<0.3.0
 murmurhash>=0.28.0,<1.1.0
-wasabi>=0.1.3,<1.1.0
+wasabi>=0.2.0,<1.1.0
-srsly>=0.0.5,<1.1.0
+srsly>=0.0.6,<1.1.0
 # Third party dependencies
 numpy>=1.15.0
 requests>=2.13.0,<3.0.0
-jsonschema>=2.6.0,<3.0.0
 plac<1.0.0,>=0.9.6
 pathlib==1.0.1; python_version < "3.4"
+# Optional dependencies
+jsonschema>=2.6.0,<3.1.0
 # Development dependencies
 cython>=0.25
 pytest>=4.0.0,<4.1.0

setup.py

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ MOD_NAMES = [
     "spacy.lexeme",
     "spacy.vocab",
     "spacy.attrs",
+    "spacy.kb",
     "spacy.morphology",
     "spacy.pipeline.pipes",
     "spacy.pipeline.morphologizer",
@@ -210,7 +211,7 @@ def setup_package():
             generate_cython(root, "spacy")
 
         setup(
-            name=about["__title__"],
+            name="spacy",
             zip_safe=False,
             packages=PACKAGES,
             package_data=PACKAGE_DATA,
@@ -229,25 +230,25 @@ def setup_package():
                 "murmurhash>=0.28.0,<1.1.0",
                 "cymem>=2.0.2,<2.1.0",
                 "preshed>=2.0.1,<2.1.0",
-                "thinc>=7.0.2,<7.1.0",
+                "thinc>=7.0.8,<7.1.0",
                 "blis>=0.2.2,<0.3.0",
                 "plac<1.0.0,>=0.9.6",
                 "requests>=2.13.0,<3.0.0",
-                "jsonschema>=2.6.0,<3.0.0",
+                "wasabi>=0.2.0,<1.1.0",
-                "wasabi>=0.0.12,<1.1.0",
+                "srsly>=0.0.6,<1.1.0",
-                "srsly>=0.0.5,<1.1.0",
                 'pathlib==1.0.1; python_version < "3.4"',
             ],
             setup_requires=["wheel"],
             extras_require={
-                "cuda": ["cupy>=4.0"],
+                "cuda": ["thinc_gpu_ops>=0.0.1,<0.1.0", "cupy>=5.0.0b4"],
-                "cuda80": ["cupy-cuda80>=4.0"],
+                "cuda80": ["thinc_gpu_ops>=0.0.1,<0.1.0", "cupy-cuda80>=5.0.0b4"],
-                "cuda90": ["cupy-cuda90>=4.0"],
+                "cuda90": ["thinc_gpu_ops>=0.0.1,<0.1.0", "cupy-cuda90>=5.0.0b4"],
-                "cuda91": ["cupy-cuda91>=4.0"],
+                "cuda91": ["thinc_gpu_ops>=0.0.1,<0.1.0", "cupy-cuda91>=5.0.0b4"],
-                "cuda92": ["cupy-cuda92>=4.0"],
+                "cuda92": ["thinc_gpu_ops>=0.0.1,<0.1.0", "cupy-cuda92>=5.0.0b4"],
-                "cuda100": ["cupy-cuda100>=4.0"],
+                "cuda100": ["thinc_gpu_ops>=0.0.1,<0.1.0", "cupy-cuda100>=5.0.0b4"],
                 # Language tokenizers with external dependencies
                 "ja": ["mecab-python3==0.7"],
+                "ko": ["natto-py==0.9.0"],
             },
             python_requires=">=2.7,!=3.0.*,!=3.1.*,!=3.2.*,!=3.3.*",
             classifiers=[

spacy/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # coding: utf8
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import warnings
+import sys
 
 warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", message="numpy.dtype size changed")
 warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", message="numpy.ufunc size changed")
@@ -11,10 +12,14 @@ from thinc.neural.util import prefer_gpu, require_gpu
 from .cli.info import info as cli_info
 from .glossary import explain
 from .about import __version__
-from .errors import Warnings, deprecation_warning
+from .errors import Errors, Warnings, deprecation_warning
 from . import util
 
 
+if sys.maxunicode == 65535:
+    raise SystemError(Errors.E130)
+
+
 def load(name, **overrides):
     depr_path = overrides.get("path")
     if depr_path not in (True, False, None):

spacy/__main__.py

@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     import sys
     from wasabi import Printer
     from spacy.cli import download, link, info, package, train, pretrain, convert
-    from spacy.cli import init_model, profile, evaluate, validate
+    from spacy.cli import init_model, profile, evaluate, validate, debug_data
-    from spacy.cli import ud_train, ud_evaluate, debug_data
 
     msg = Printer()
 
@@ -21,9 +20,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         "train": train,
         "pretrain": pretrain,
         "debug-data": debug_data,
-        "ud-train": ud_train,
         "evaluate": evaluate,
-        "ud-evaluate": ud_evaluate,
         "convert": convert,
         "package": package,
         "init-model": init_model,

spacy/_ml.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from thinc.neural._classes.affine import _set_dimensions_if_needed
 import thinc.extra.load_nlp
 
 from .attrs import ID, ORTH, LOWER, NORM, PREFIX, SUFFIX, SHAPE
-from .errors import Errors
+from .errors import Errors, user_warning, Warnings
 from . import util
 
 try:
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ def cosine(vec1, vec2):
 
 def create_default_optimizer(ops, **cfg):
     learn_rate = util.env_opt("learn_rate", 0.001)
-    beta1 = util.env_opt("optimizer_B1", 0.8)
+    beta1 = util.env_opt("optimizer_B1", 0.9)
-    beta2 = util.env_opt("optimizer_B2", 0.8)
+    beta2 = util.env_opt("optimizer_B2", 0.999)
-    eps = util.env_opt("optimizer_eps", 0.00001)
+    eps = util.env_opt("optimizer_eps", 1e-8)
     L2 = util.env_opt("L2_penalty", 1e-6)
-    max_grad_norm = util.env_opt("grad_norm_clip", 5.0)
+    max_grad_norm = util.env_opt("grad_norm_clip", 1.0)
     optimizer = Adam(ops, learn_rate, L2=L2, beta1=beta1, beta2=beta2, eps=eps)
     optimizer.max_grad_norm = max_grad_norm
     optimizer.device = ops.device
@@ -81,24 +81,12 @@ def _zero_init(model):
     return model
 
 
-@layerize
-def _preprocess_doc(docs, drop=0.0):
-    keys = [doc.to_array(LOWER) for doc in docs]
-    # The dtype here matches what thinc is expecting -- which differs per
-    # platform (by int definition). This should be fixed once the problem
-    # is fixed on Thinc's side.
-    lengths = numpy.array([arr.shape[0] for arr in keys], dtype=numpy.int_)
-    keys = numpy.concatenate(keys)
-    vals = numpy.zeros(keys.shape, dtype='f')
-    return (keys, vals, lengths), None
-
-
 def with_cpu(ops, model):
     """Wrap a model that should run on CPU, transferring inputs and outputs
     as necessary."""
     model.to_cpu()
 
-    def with_cpu_forward(inputs, drop=0.):
+    def with_cpu_forward(inputs, drop=0.0):
         cpu_outputs, backprop = model.begin_update(_to_cpu(inputs), drop=drop)
         gpu_outputs = _to_device(ops, cpu_outputs)
 
@@ -118,7 +106,7 @@ def _to_cpu(X):
         return tuple([_to_cpu(x) for x in X])
     elif isinstance(X, list):
         return [_to_cpu(x) for x in X]
-    elif hasattr(X, 'get'):
+    elif hasattr(X, "get"):
         return X.get()
     else:
         return X
@@ -133,20 +121,33 @@ def _to_device(ops, X):
         return ops.asarray(X)
 
 
-@layerize
+class extract_ngrams(Model):
-def _preprocess_doc_bigrams(docs, drop=0.0):
+    def __init__(self, ngram_size, attr=LOWER):
-    unigrams = [doc.to_array(LOWER) for doc in docs]
+        Model.__init__(self)
-    ops = Model.ops
+        self.ngram_size = ngram_size
-    bigrams = [ops.ngrams(2, doc_unis) for doc_unis in unigrams]
+        self.attr = attr
-    keys = [ops.xp.concatenate(feats) for feats in zip(unigrams, bigrams)]
+
-    keys, vals = zip(*[ops.xp.unique(k, return_counts=True) for k in keys])
+    def begin_update(self, docs, drop=0.0):
-    # The dtype here matches what thinc is expecting -- which differs per
+        batch_keys = []
-    # platform (by int definition). This should be fixed once the problem
+        batch_vals = []
-    # is fixed on Thinc's side.
+        for doc in docs:
-    lengths = ops.asarray([arr.shape[0] for arr in keys], dtype=numpy.int_)
+            unigrams = doc.to_array([self.attr])
-    keys = ops.xp.concatenate(keys)
+            ngrams = [unigrams]
-    vals = ops.asarray(ops.xp.concatenate(vals), dtype="f")
+            for n in range(2, self.ngram_size + 1):
-    return (keys, vals, lengths), None
+                ngrams.append(self.ops.ngrams(n, unigrams))
+            keys = self.ops.xp.concatenate(ngrams)
+            keys, vals = self.ops.xp.unique(keys, return_counts=True)
+            batch_keys.append(keys)
+            batch_vals.append(vals)
+        # The dtype here matches what thinc is expecting -- which differs per
+        # platform (by int definition). This should be fixed once the problem
+        # is fixed on Thinc's side.
+        lengths = self.ops.asarray(
+            [arr.shape[0] for arr in batch_keys], dtype=numpy.int_
+        )
+        batch_keys = self.ops.xp.concatenate(batch_keys)
+        batch_vals = self.ops.asarray(self.ops.xp.concatenate(batch_vals), dtype="f")
+        return (batch_keys, batch_vals, lengths), None
 
 
 @describe.on_data(
@@ -298,7 +299,17 @@ def link_vectors_to_models(vocab):
     data = ops.asarray(vectors.data)
     # Set an entry here, so that vectors are accessed by StaticVectors
     # (unideal, I know)
-    thinc.extra.load_nlp.VECTORS[(ops.device, vectors.name)] = data
+    key = (ops.device, vectors.name)
+    if key in thinc.extra.load_nlp.VECTORS:
+        if thinc.extra.load_nlp.VECTORS[key].shape != data.shape:
+            # This is a hack to avoid the problem in #3853. Maybe we should
+            # print a warning as well?
+            old_name = vectors.name
+            new_name = vectors.name + "_%d" % data.shape[0]
+            user_warning(Warnings.W019.format(old=old_name, new=new_name))
+            vectors.name = new_name
+            key = (ops.device, vectors.name)
+    thinc.extra.load_nlp.VECTORS[key] = data
 
 
 def PyTorchBiLSTM(nO, nI, depth, dropout=0.2):
@@ -509,16 +520,6 @@ def zero_init(model):
     return model
 
 
-@layerize
-def preprocess_doc(docs, drop=0.0):
-    keys = [doc.to_array([LOWER]) for doc in docs]
-    ops = Model.ops
-    lengths = ops.asarray([arr.shape[0] for arr in keys])
-    keys = ops.xp.concatenate(keys)
-    vals = ops.allocate(keys.shape[0]) + 1
-    return (keys, vals, lengths), None
-
-
 def getitem(i):
     def getitem_fwd(X, drop=0.0):
         return X[i], None
@@ -694,9 +695,8 @@ def build_text_classifier(nr_class, width=64, **cfg):
             >> zero_init(Affine(nr_class, width, drop_factor=0.0))
         )
 
-        linear_model = (
+        linear_model = build_bow_text_classifier(
-            _preprocess_doc
+            nr_class, ngram_size=cfg.get("ngram_size", 1), exclusive_classes=False
-            >> with_cpu(Model.ops, LinearModel(nr_class))
         )
         if cfg.get("exclusive_classes"):
             output_layer = Softmax(nr_class, nr_class * 2)
@@ -711,6 +711,29 @@ def build_text_classifier(nr_class, width=64, **cfg):
     return model
 
 
+def build_bow_text_classifier(
+    nr_class, ngram_size=1, exclusive_classes=False, no_output_layer=False, **cfg
+):
+    with Model.define_operators({">>": chain}):
+        model = with_cpu(
+            Model.ops, extract_ngrams(ngram_size, attr=ORTH) >> LinearModel(nr_class)
+        )
+        if not no_output_layer:
+            model = model >> (cpu_softmax if exclusive_classes else logistic)
+    model.nO = nr_class
+    return model
+
+
+@layerize
+def cpu_softmax(X, drop=0.0):
+    ops = NumpyOps()
+
+    def cpu_softmax_backward(dY, sgd=None):
+        return dY
+
+    return ops.softmax(X), cpu_softmax_backward
+
+
 def build_simple_cnn_text_classifier(tok2vec, nr_class, exclusive_classes=False, **cfg):
     """
     Build a simple CNN text classifier, given a token-to-vector model as inputs.
@@ -731,6 +754,50 @@ def build_simple_cnn_text_classifier(tok2vec, nr_class, exclusive_classes=False,
     return model
 
 
+def build_nel_encoder(embed_width, hidden_width, ner_types, **cfg):
+    if "entity_width" not in cfg:
+        raise ValueError(Errors.E144.format(param="entity_width"))
+    if "context_width" not in cfg:
+        raise ValueError(Errors.E144.format(param="context_width"))
+
+    conv_depth = cfg.get("conv_depth", 2)
+    cnn_maxout_pieces = cfg.get("cnn_maxout_pieces", 3)
+    pretrained_vectors = cfg.get("pretrained_vectors", None)
+    context_width = cfg.get("context_width")
+    entity_width = cfg.get("entity_width")
+
+    with Model.define_operators({">>": chain, "**": clone}):
+        model = (
+            Affine(entity_width, entity_width + context_width + 1 + ner_types)
+            >> Affine(1, entity_width, drop_factor=0.0)
+            >> logistic
+        )
+
+        # context encoder
+        tok2vec = (
+            Tok2Vec(
+                width=hidden_width,
+                embed_size=embed_width,
+                pretrained_vectors=pretrained_vectors,
+                cnn_maxout_pieces=cnn_maxout_pieces,
+                subword_features=True,
+                conv_depth=conv_depth,
+                bilstm_depth=0,
+            )
+            >> flatten_add_lengths
+            >> Pooling(mean_pool)
+            >> Residual(zero_init(Maxout(hidden_width, hidden_width)))
+            >> zero_init(Affine(context_width, hidden_width))
+        )
+
+        model.tok2vec = tok2vec
+
+    model.tok2vec = tok2vec
+    model.tok2vec.nO = context_width
+    model.nO = 1
+    return model
+
+
 @layerize
 def flatten(seqs, drop=0.0):
     ops = Model.ops

spacy/about.py

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 # https://github.com/pypa/warehouse/blob/master/warehouse/__about__.py
 # fmt: off
 
-__title__ = "spacy-nightly"
+__title__ = "spacy"
-__version__ = "2.1.0a13"
+__version__ = "2.1.8"
 __summary__ = "Industrial-strength Natural Language Processing (NLP) with Python and Cython"
 __uri__ = "https://spacy.io"
 __author__ = "Explosion AI"

spacy/attrs.pxd

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 # Reserve 64 values for flag features
+from . cimport symbols
+
 cdef enum attr_id_t:
     NULL_ATTR
     IS_ALPHA
@@ -88,3 +90,4 @@ cdef enum attr_id_t:
     PROB
 
     LANG
+    ENT_KB_ID = symbols.ENT_KB_ID

spacy/attrs.pyx

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ IDS = {
     "DEP": DEP,
     "ENT_IOB": ENT_IOB,
     "ENT_TYPE": ENT_TYPE,
+    "ENT_KB_ID": ENT_KB_ID,
     "HEAD": HEAD,
     "SENT_START": SENT_START,
     "SPACY": SPACY,

spacy/cli/__init__.py

@@ -10,4 +10,3 @@ from .evaluate import evaluate  # noqa: F401
 from .convert import convert  # noqa: F401
 from .init_model import init_model  # noqa: F401
 from .validate import validate  # noqa: F401
-from .ud import ud_train, ud_evaluate  # noqa: F401

spacy/cli/convert.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ FILE_TYPES_STDOUT = ("json", "jsonl")
 def convert(
     input_file,
     output_dir="-",
-    file_type="jsonl",
+    file_type="json",
     n_sents=1,
     morphology=False,
     converter="auto",
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ def convert(
     """
     Convert files into JSON format for use with train command and other
     experiment management functions. If no output_dir is specified, the data
-    is written to stdout, so you can pipe them forward to a JSONL file:
+    is written to stdout, so you can pipe them forward to a JSON file:
-    $ spacy convert some_file.conllu > some_file.jsonl
+    $ spacy convert some_file.conllu > some_file.json
     """
     msg = Printer()
     input_path = Path(input_file)

spacy/cli/converters/iob2json.py

@@ -11,14 +11,8 @@ def iob2json(input_data, n_sents=10, *args, **kwargs):
     """
     Convert IOB files into JSON format for use with train cli.
     """
-    docs = []
+    sentences = read_iob(input_data.split("\n"))
-    for group in minibatch(docs, n_sents):
+    docs = merge_sentences(sentences, n_sents)
-        group = list(group)
-        first = group.pop(0)
-        to_extend = first["paragraphs"][0]["sentences"]
-        for sent in group[1:]:
-            to_extend.extend(sent["paragraphs"][0]["sentences"])
-        docs.append(first)
     return docs
 
 
@@ -27,7 +21,6 @@ def read_iob(raw_sents):
     for line in raw_sents:
         if not line.strip():
             continue
-        # tokens = [t.split("|") for t in line.split()]
         tokens = [re.split("[^\w\-]", line.strip())]
         if len(tokens[0]) == 3:
             words, pos, iob = zip(*tokens)
@@ -49,3 +42,15 @@ def read_iob(raw_sents):
     paragraphs = [{"sentences": [sent]} for sent in sentences]
     docs = [{"id": 0, "paragraphs": [para]} for para in paragraphs]
     return docs
+
+
+def merge_sentences(docs, n_sents):
+    merged = []
+    for group in minibatch(docs, size=n_sents):
+        group = list(group)
+        first = group.pop(0)
+        to_extend = first["paragraphs"][0]["sentences"]
+        for sent in group[1:]:
+            to_extend.extend(sent["paragraphs"][0]["sentences"])
+        merged.append(first)
+    return merged