--- title: What's New in v3.0 teaser: New features, backwards incompatibilities and migration guide menu: - ['Summary', 'summary'] - ['New Features', 'features'] - ['Backwards Incompatibilities', 'incompat'] - ['Migrating from v2.x', 'migrating'] --- ## Summary {#summary hidden="true"}
spaCy v3.0 features all new **transformer-based pipelines** that bring spaCy's accuracy right up to the current **state-of-the-art**. You can use any pretrained transformer to train your own pipelines, and even share one transformer between multiple components with **multi-task learning**. Training is now fully configurable and extensible, and you can define your own custom models using **PyTorch**, **TensorFlow** and other frameworks. The new spaCy projects system lets you describe whole **end-to-end workflows** in a single file, giving you an easy path from prototype to production, and making it easy to clone and adapt best-practice projects for your own use cases.
- [Summary](#summary) - [New features](#features) - [Transformer-based pipelines](#features-transformers) - [Training & config system](#features-training) - [Custom models](#features-custom-models) - [End-to-end project workflows](#features-projects) - [Parallel training with Ray](#features-parallel-training) - [New built-in components](#features-pipeline-components) - [New custom component API](#features-components) - [Dependency matching](#features-dep-matcher) - [Python type hints](#features-types) - [New methods & attributes](#new-methods) - [New & updated documentation](#new-docs) - [Backwards incompatibilities](#incompat) - [Migrating from spaCy v2.x](#migrating) ## New Features {#features} This section contains an overview of the most important **new features and improvements**. The [API docs](/api) include additional deprecation notes. New methods and functions that were introduced in this version are marked with the tag 3. ### Transformer-based pipelines {#features-transformers} > #### Example > > ```cli > $ python -m spacy download en_core_web_trf > ``` spaCy v3.0 features all new transformer-based pipelines that bring spaCy's accuracy right up to the current **state-of-the-art**. You can use any pretrained transformer to train your own pipelines, and even share one transformer between multiple components with **multi-task learning**. spaCy's transformer support interoperates with [PyTorch](https://pytorch.org) and the [HuggingFace `transformers`](https://huggingface.co/transformers/) library, giving you access to thousands of pretrained models for your pipelines. ![Pipeline components listening to shared embedding component](../images/tok2vec-listener.svg) import Benchmarks from 'usage/\_benchmarks-models.md' - **Usage:** [Embeddings & Transformers](/usage/embeddings-transformers), [Training pipelines and models](/usage/training), [Benchmarks](/usage/facts-figures#benchmarks) - **API:** [`Transformer`](/api/transformer), [`TransformerData`](/api/transformer#transformerdata), [`FullTransformerBatch`](/api/transformer#fulltransformerbatch) - **Architectures: ** [TransformerModel](/api/architectures#TransformerModel), [TransformerListener](/api/architectures#TransformerListener), [Tok2VecTransformer](/api/architectures#Tok2VecTransformer) - **Trained Pipelines:** [`en_core_web_trf`](/models/en#en_core_web_trf), [`de_dep_news_trf`](/models/de#de_dep_news_trf), [`es_dep_news_trf`](/models/es#es_dep_news_trf), [`fr_dep_news_trf`](/models/fr#fr_dep_news_trf), [`zh_core_web_trf`](/models/zh#zh_core_web_trf) - **Implementation:** [`spacy-transformers`](https://github.com/explosion/spacy-transformers) ### New training workflow and config system {#features-training} > #### Example > > ```ini > [training] > accumulate_gradient = 3 > > [training.optimizer] > @optimizers = "Adam.v1" > > [training.optimizer.learn_rate] > @schedules = "warmup_linear.v1" > warmup_steps = 250 > total_steps = 20000 > initial_rate = 0.01 > ``` spaCy v3.0 introduces a comprehensive and extensible system for **configuring your training runs**. A single configuration file describes every detail of your training run, with no hidden defaults, making it easy to rerun your experiments and track changes. You can use the [quickstart widget](/usage/training#quickstart) or the `init config` command to get started. Instead of providing lots of arguments on the command line, you only need to pass your `config.cfg` file to [`spacy train`](/api/cli#train). Training config files include all **settings and hyperparameters** for training your pipeline. Some settings can also be registered **functions** that you can swap out and customize, making it easy to implement your own custom models and architectures. ![Illustration of pipeline lifecycle](../images/lifecycle.svg) - **Usage:** [Training pipelines and models](/usage/training) - **Thinc:** [Thinc's config system](https://thinc.ai/docs/usage-config), [`Config`](https://thinc.ai/docs/api-config#config) - **CLI:** [`init config`](/api/cli#init-config), [`init fill-config`](/api/cli#init-fill-config), [`train`](/api/cli#train), [`pretrain`](/api/cli#pretrain), [`evaluate`](/api/cli#evaluate) - **API:** [Config format](/api/data-formats#config), [`registry`](/api/top-level#registry) ### Custom models using any framework {#features-custom-models} > #### Example > > ```python > from torch import nn > from thinc.api import PyTorchWrapper > > torch_model = nn.Sequential( > nn.Linear(32, 32), > nn.ReLU(), > nn.Softmax(dim=1) > ) > model = PyTorchWrapper(torch_model) > ``` spaCy's new configuration system makes it easy to customize the neural network models used by the different pipeline components. You can also implement your own architectures via spaCy's machine learning library [Thinc](https://thinc.ai) that provides various layers and utilities, as well as thin wrappers around frameworks like **PyTorch**, **TensorFlow** and **MXNet**. Component models all follow the same unified [`Model`](https://thinc.ai/docs/api-model) API and each `Model` can also be used as a sublayer of a larger network, allowing you to freely combine implementations from different frameworks into a single model. - **Usage: ** [Layers and architectures](/usage/layers-architectures) - **Thinc: ** [Wrapping PyTorch, TensorFlow & MXNet](https://thinc.ai/docs/usage-frameworks), [`Model` API](https://thinc.ai/docs/api-model) - **API:** [Model architectures](/api/architectures), [`Pipe`](/api/pipe) ### Manage end-to-end workflows with projects {#features-projects} > #### Example > > ```cli > # Clone a project template > $ python -m spacy project clone pipelines/tagger_parser_ud > $ cd tagger_parser_ud > # Download data assets > $ python -m spacy project assets > # Run a workflow > $ python -m spacy project run all > ``` spaCy projects let you manage and share **end-to-end spaCy workflows** for different **use cases and domains**, and orchestrate training, packaging and serving your custom pipelines. You can start off by cloning a pre-defined project template, adjust it to fit your needs, load in your data, train a pipeline, export it as a Python package, upload your outputs to a remote storage and share your results with your team. ![Illustration of project workflow and commands](../images/projects.svg) spaCy projects also make it easy to **integrate with other tools** in the data science and machine learning ecosystem, including [DVC](/usage/projects#dvc) for data version control, [Prodigy](/usage/projects#prodigy) for creating labelled data, [Streamlit](/usage/projects#streamlit) for building interactive apps, [FastAPI](/usage/projects#fastapi) for serving models in production, [Ray](/usage/projects#ray) for parallel training, [Weights & Biases](/usage/projects#wandb) for experiment tracking, and more! - **Usage:** [spaCy projects](/usage/projects), [Training pipelines and models](/usage/training) - **CLI:** [`project`](/api/cli#project), [`train`](/api/cli#train) - **Templates:** [`projects`](https://github.com/explosion/projects) The easiest way to get started is to clone a [project template](/usage/projects) and run it – for example, this end-to-end template that lets you train a **part-of-speech tagger** and **dependency parser** on a Universal Dependencies treebank. ### Parallel and distributed training with Ray {#features-parallel-training} > #### Example > > ```cli > $ pip install spacy-ray > # Check that the CLI is registered > $ python -m spacy ray --help > # Train a pipeline > $ python -m spacy ray train config.cfg --n-workers 2 > ``` [Ray](https://ray.io/) is a fast and simple framework for building and running **distributed applications**. You can use Ray to train spaCy on one or more remote machines, potentially speeding up your training process. The Ray integration is powered by a lightweight extension package, [`spacy-ray`](https://github.com/explosion/spacy-ray), that automatically adds the [`ray`](/api/cli#ray) command to your spaCy CLI if it's installed in the same environment. You can then run [`spacy ray train`](/api/cli#ray-train) for parallel training. ![Illustration of setup](../images/spacy-ray.svg) - **Usage: ** [Parallel and distributed training](/usage/training#parallel-training), [spaCy Projects integration](/usage/projects#ray) - **CLI:** [`ray`](/api/cli#ray), [`ray train`](/api/cli#ray-train) - **Implementation:** [`spacy-ray`](https://github.com/explosion/spacy-ray) ### New built-in pipeline components {#features-pipeline-components} spaCy v3.0 includes several new trainable and rule-based components that you can add to your pipeline and customize for your use case: > #### Example > > ```python > # pip install spacy-lookups-data > nlp = spacy.blank("en") > nlp.add_pipe("lemmatizer") > ``` | Name | Description | | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [`SentenceRecognizer`](/api/sentencerecognizer) | Trainable component for sentence segmentation. | | [`Morphologizer`](/api/morphologizer) | Trainable component to predict morphological features. | | [`Lemmatizer`](/api/lemmatizer) | Standalone component for rule-based and lookup lemmatization. | | [`AttributeRuler`](/api/attributeruler) | Component for setting token attributes using match patterns. | | [`Transformer`](/api/transformer) | Component for using [transformer models](/usage/embeddings-transformers) in your pipeline, accessing outputs and aligning tokens. Provided via [`spacy-transformers`](https://github.com/explosion/spacy-transformers). | - **Usage:** [Processing pipelines](/usage/processing-pipelines) - **API:** [Built-in pipeline components](/api#architecture-pipeline) - **Implementation:** [`spacy/pipeline`](%%GITHUB_SPACY/spacy/pipeline) ### New and improved pipeline component APIs {#features-components} > #### Example > > ```python > @Language.component("my_component") > def my_component(doc): > return doc > > nlp.add_pipe("my_component") > nlp.add_pipe("ner", source=other_nlp) > nlp.analyze_pipes(pretty=True) > ``` Defining, configuring, reusing, training and analyzing pipeline components is now easier and more convenient. The `@Language.component` and `@Language.factory` decorators let you register your component, define its default configuration and meta data, like the attribute values it assigns and requires. Any custom component can be included during training, and sourcing components from existing trained pipelines lets you **mix and match custom pipelines**. The `nlp.analyze_pipes` method outputs structured information about the current pipeline and its components, including the attributes they assign, the scores they compute during training and whether any required attributes aren't set. - **Usage:** [Custom components](/usage/processing-pipelines#custom_components), [Defining components for training](/usage/training#config-components) - **API:** [`@Language.component`](/api/language#component), [`@Language.factory`](/api/language#factory), [`Language.add_pipe`](/api/language#add_pipe), [`Language.analyze_pipes`](/api/language#analyze_pipes) - **Implementation:** [`spacy/language.py`](%%GITHUB_SPACY/spacy/language.py) ### Dependency matching {#features-dep-matcher} > #### Example > > ```python > from spacy.matcher import DependencyMatcher > > matcher = DependencyMatcher(nlp.vocab) > pattern = [ > {"RIGHT_ID": "anchor_founded", "RIGHT_ATTRS": {"ORTH": "founded"}}, > {"LEFT_ID": "anchor_founded", "REL_OP": ">", "RIGHT_ID": "subject", "RIGHT_ATTRS": {"DEP": "nsubj"}} > ] > matcher.add("FOUNDED", [pattern]) > ``` The new [`DependencyMatcher`](/api/dependencymatcher) lets you match patterns within the dependency parse using [Semgrex](https://nlp.stanford.edu/nlp/javadoc/javanlp/edu/stanford/nlp/semgraph/semgrex/SemgrexPattern.html) operators. It follows the same API as the token-based [`Matcher`](/api/matcher). A pattern added to the dependency matcher consists of a **list of dictionaries**, with each dictionary describing a **token to match** and its **relation to an existing token** in the pattern. ![Dependency matcher pattern](../images/dep-match-diagram.svg) - **Usage:** [Dependency matching](/usage/rule-based-matching#dependencymatcher), - **API:** [`DependencyMatcher`](/api/dependencymatcher), - **Implementation:** [`spacy/matcher/dependencymatcher.pyx`](%%GITHUB_SPACY/spacy/matcher/dependencymatcher.pyx) ### Type hints and type-based data validation {#features-types} > #### Example > > ```python > from spacy.language import Language > from pydantic import StrictBool > > @Language.factory("my_component") > def create_my_component( > nlp: Language, > name: str, > custom: StrictBool > ): > ... > ``` spaCy v3.0 officially drops support for Python 2 and now requires **Python 3.6+**. This also means that the code base can take full advantage of [type hints](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html). spaCy's user-facing API that's implemented in pure Python (as opposed to Cython) now comes with type hints. The new version of spaCy's machine learning library [Thinc](https://thinc.ai) also features extensive [type support](https://thinc.ai/docs/usage-type-checking/), including custom types for models and arrays, and a custom `mypy` plugin that can be used to type-check model definitions. For data validation, spaCy v3.0 adopts [`pydantic`](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic). It also powers the data validation of Thinc's [config system](https://thinc.ai/docs/usage-config), which lets you to register **custom functions with typed arguments**, reference them in your config and see validation errors if the argument values don't match. - **Usage: ** [Component type hints and validation](/usage/processing-pipelines#type-hints), [Training with custom code](/usage/training#custom-code) - **Thinc: ** [Type checking in Thinc](https://thinc.ai/docs/usage-type-checking), [Thinc's config system](https://thinc.ai/docs/usage-config) ### New methods, attributes and commands {#new-methods} The following methods, attributes and commands are new in spaCy v3.0. | Name | Description | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | [`Token.lex`](/api/token#attributes) | Access a token's [`Lexeme`](/api/lexeme). | | [`Token.morph`](/api/token#attributes), [`Token.morph_`](/api/token#attributes) | Access a token's morphological analysis. | | [`Doc.has_annotation`](/api/doc#has_annotation) | Check whether a doc has annotation on a token attribute. | | [`Language.select_pipes`](/api/language#select_pipes) | Context manager for enabling or disabling specific pipeline components for a block. | | [`Language.disable_pipe`](/api/language#disable_pipe), [`Language.enable_pipe`](/api/language#enable_pipe) | Disable or enable a loaded pipeline component (but don't remove it). | | [`Language.analyze_pipes`](/api/language#analyze_pipes) | [Analyze](/usage/processing-pipelines#analysis) components and their interdependencies. | | [`Language.resume_training`](/api/language#resume_training) | Experimental: continue training a trained pipeline and initialize "rehearsal" for components that implement a `rehearse` method to prevent catastrophic forgetting. | | [`@Language.factory`](/api/language#factory), [`@Language.component`](/api/language#component) | Decorators for [registering](/usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components) pipeline component factories and simple stateless component functions. | | [`Language.has_factory`](/api/language#has_factory) | Check whether a component factory is registered on a language class.s | | [`Language.get_factory_meta`](/api/language#get_factory_meta), [`Language.get_pipe_meta`](/api/language#get_factory_meta) | Get the [`FactoryMeta`](/api/language#factorymeta) with component metadata for a factory or instance name. | | [`Language.config`](/api/language#config) | The [config](/usage/training#config) used to create the current `nlp` object. An instance of [`Config`](https://thinc.ai/docs/api-config#config) and can be saved to disk and used for training. | | [`Language.components`](/api/language#attributes), [`Language.component_names`](/api/language#attributes) | All available components and component names, including disabled components that are not run as part of the pipeline. | | [`Language.disabled`](/api/language#attributes) | Names of disabled components that are not run as part of the pipeline. | | [`Pipe.score`](/api/pipe#score) | Method on pipeline components that returns a dictionary of evaluation scores. | | [`registry`](/api/top-level#registry) | Function registry to map functions to string names that can be referenced in [configs](/usage/training#config). | | [`util.load_meta`](/api/top-level#util.load_meta), [`util.load_config`](/api/top-level#util.load_config) | Updated helpers for loading a pipeline's [`meta.json`](/api/data-formats#meta) and [`config.cfg`](/api/data-formats#config). | | [`util.get_installed_models`](/api/top-level#util.get_installed_models) | Names of all pipeline packages installed in the environment. | | [`init config`](/api/cli#init-config), [`init fill-config`](/api/cli#init-fill-config), [`debug config`](/api/cli#debug-config) | CLI commands for initializing, auto-filling and debugging [training configs](/usage/training). | | [`init vectors`](/api/cli#init-vectors) | Convert word vectors for use with spaCy. | | [`init labels`](/api/cli#init-labels) | Generate JSON files for the labels in the data to speed up training. | | [`project`](/api/cli#project) | Suite of CLI commands for cloning, running and managing [spaCy projects](/usage/projects). | | [`ray`](/api/cli#ray) | Suite of CLI commands for parallel training with [Ray](https://ray.io/), provided by the [`spacy-ray`](https://github.com/explosion/spacy-ray) extension package. | ### New and updated documentation {#new-docs}
To help you get started with spaCy v3.0 and the new features, we've added several new or rewritten documentation pages, including a new usage guide on [embeddings, transformers and transfer learning](/usage/embeddings-transformers), a guide on [training pipelines and models](/usage/training) rewritten from scratch, a page explaining the new [spaCy projects](/usage/projects) and updated usage documentation on [custom pipeline components](/usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components). We've also added a bunch of new illustrations and new API reference pages documenting spaCy's machine learning [model architectures](/api/architectures) and the expected [data formats](/api/data-formats). API pages about [pipeline components](/api/#architecture-pipeline) now include more information, like the default config and implementation, and we've adopted a more detailed format for documenting argument and return types.
[![Library architecture](../images/architecture.svg)](/api) - **Usage: ** [Embeddings & Transformers](/usage/embeddings-transformers), [Training models](/usage/training), [Layers & Architectures](/usage/layers-architectures), [Projects](/usage/projects), [Custom pipeline components](/usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components), [Custom tokenizers](/usage/linguistic-features#custom-tokenizer), [Morphology](/usage/linguistic-features#morphology), [Lemmatization](/usage/linguistic-features#lemmatization), [Mapping & Exceptions](/usage/linguistic-features#mappings-exceptions), [Dependency matching](/usage/rule-based-matching#dependencymatcher) - **API Reference: ** [Library architecture](/api), [Model architectures](/api/architectures), [Data formats](/api/data-formats) - **New Classes: ** [`Example`](/api/example), [`Tok2Vec`](/api/tok2vec), [`Transformer`](/api/transformer), [`Lemmatizer`](/api/lemmatizer), [`Morphologizer`](/api/morphologizer), [`AttributeRuler`](/api/attributeruler), [`SentenceRecognizer`](/api/sentencerecognizer), [`DependencyMatcher`](/api/dependencymatcher), [`Pipe`](/api/pipe), [`Corpus`](/api/corpus) ## Backwards Incompatibilities {#incompat} As always, we've tried to keep the breaking changes to a minimum and focus on changes that were necessary to support the new features, fix problems or improve usability. The following section lists the relevant changes to the user-facing API. For specific examples of how to rewrite your code, check out the [migration guide](#migrating). Note that spaCy v3.0 now requires **Python 3.6+**. ### API changes {#incompat-api} - Pipeline package symlinks, the `link` command and shortcut names are now deprecated. There can be many [different trained pipelines](/models) and not just one "English model", so you should always use the full package name like [`en_core_web_sm`](/models/en) explicitly. - A pipeline's [`meta.json`](/api/data-formats#meta) is now only used to provide meta information like the package name, author, license and labels. It's **not** used to construct the processing pipeline anymore. This is all defined in the [`config.cfg`](/api/data-formats#config), which also includes all settings used to train the pipeline. - The [`train`](/api/cli#train) and [`pretrain`](/api/cli#pretrain) commands now only take a `config.cfg` file containing the full [training config](/usage/training#config). - [`Language.add_pipe`](/api/language#add_pipe) now takes the **string name** of the component factory instead of the component function. - **Custom pipeline components** now need to be decorated with the [`@Language.component`](/api/language#component) or [`@Language.factory`](/api/language#factory) decorator. - [`Language.update`](/api/language#update) now takes a batch of [`Example`](/api/example) objects instead of raw texts and annotations, or `Doc` and `GoldParse` objects. - The `Language.disable_pipes` context manager has been replaced by [`Language.select_pipes`](/api/language#select_pipes), which can explicitly disable or enable components. - The [`Language.update`](/api/language#update), [`Language.evaluate`](/api/language#evaluate) and [`Pipe.update`](/api/pipe#update) methods now all take batches of [`Example`](/api/example) objects instead of `Doc` and `GoldParse` objects, or raw text and a dictionary of annotations. [`Language.initialize`](/api/language#initialize) and [`Pipe.initialize`](/api/pipe#initialize) now take a function that returns a sequence of `Example` objects to initialize the model instead of a list of tuples. - The `begin_training` methods have been renamed to `initialize`. - [`Matcher.add`](/api/matcher#add) and [`PhraseMatcher.add`](/api/phrasematcher#add) now only accept a list of patterns as the second argument (instead of a variable number of arguments). The `on_match` callback becomes an optional keyword argument. - The `Doc` flags like `Doc.is_parsed` or `Doc.is_tagged` have been replaced by [`Doc.has_annotation`](/api/doc#has_annotation). - The `spacy.gold` module has been renamed to [`spacy.training`](%%GITHUB_SPACY/spacy/training). - The `PRON_LEMMA` symbol and `-PRON-` as an indicator for pronoun lemmas has been removed. - The `TAG_MAP` and `MORPH_RULES` in the language data have been replaced by the more flexible [`AttributeRuler`](/api/attributeruler). - The [`Lemmatizer`](/api/lemmatizer) is now a standalone pipeline component and doesn't provide lemmas by default or switch automatically between lookup and rule-based lemmas. You can now add it to your pipeline explicitly and set its mode on initialization. - Various keyword arguments across functions and methods are now explicitly declared as _keyword-only_ arguments. Those arguments are documented accordingly across the API reference. ### Removed or renamed API {#incompat-removed} | Removed | Replacement | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | `Language.disable_pipes` | [`Language.select_pipes`](/api/language#select_pipes), [`Language.disable_pipe`](/api/language#disable_pipe) | | `Language.begin_training`, `Pipe.begin_training`, ... | [`Language.initialize`](/api/language#initialize), [`Pipe.initialize`](/api/pipe#initialize), ... | | `Doc.is_tagged`, `Doc.is_parsed`, ... | [`Doc.has_annotation`](/api/doc#has_annotation) | | `GoldParse` | [`Example`](/api/example) | | `GoldCorpus` | [`Corpus`](/api/corpus) | | `KnowledgeBase.load_bulk`, `KnowledgeBase.dump` | [`KnowledgeBase.from_disk`](/api/kb#from_disk), [`KnowledgeBase.to_disk`](/api/kb#to_disk) | | `Matcher.pipe`, `PhraseMatcher.pipe` | not needed | | `gold.offsets_from_biluo_tags`, `gold.spans_from_biluo_tags`, `gold.biluo_tags_from_offsets` | [`training.biluo_tags_to_offsets`](/api/top-level#biluo_tags_to_offsets), [`training.biluo_tags_to_spans`](/api/top-level#biluo_tags_to_spans), [`training.offsets_to_biluo_tags`](/api/top-level#offsets_to_biluo_tags) | | `spacy init-model` | [`spacy init vectors`](/api/cli#init-vectors) | | `spacy debug-data` | [`spacy debug data`](/api/cli#debug-data) | | `spacy profile` | [`spacy debug profile`](/api/cli#debug-profile) | | `spacy link`, `util.set_data_path`, `util.get_data_path` | not needed, symlinks are deprecated | The following deprecated methods, attributes and arguments were removed in v3.0. Most of them have been **deprecated for a while** and many would previously raise errors. Many of them were also mostly internals. If you've been working with more recent versions of spaCy v2.x, it's **unlikely** that your code relied on them. | Removed | Replacement | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `Doc.tokens_from_list` | [`Doc.__init__`](/api/doc#init) | | `Doc.merge`, `Span.merge` | [`Doc.retokenize`](/api/doc#retokenize) | | `Token.string`, `Span.string`, `Span.upper`, `Span.lower` | [`Span.text`](/api/span#attributes), [`Token.text`](/api/token#attributes) | | `Language.tagger`, `Language.parser`, `Language.entity` | [`Language.get_pipe`](/api/language#get_pipe) | | keyword-arguments like `vocab=False` on `to_disk`, `from_disk`, `to_bytes`, `from_bytes` | `exclude=["vocab"]` | | `n_threads` argument on [`Tokenizer`](/api/tokenizer), [`Matcher`](/api/matcher), [`PhraseMatcher`](/api/phrasematcher) | `n_process` | | `verbose` argument on [`Language.evaluate`](/api/language#evaluate) | logging (`DEBUG`) | | `SentenceSegmenter` hook, `SimilarityHook` | [user hooks](/usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components-user-hooks), [`Sentencizer`](/api/sentencizer), [`SentenceRecognizer`](/api/sentencerecognizer) | ## Migrating from v2.x {#migrating} ### Downloading and loading trained pipelines {#migrating-downloading-models} Symlinks and shortcuts like `en` are now officially deprecated. There are [many different trained pipelines](/models) with different capabilities and not just one "English model". In order to download and load a package, you should always use its full name – for instance, [`en_core_web_sm`](/models/en#en_core_web_sm). ```diff - python -m spacy download en + python -m spacy download en_core_web_sm ``` ```diff - nlp = spacy.load("en") + nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_sm") ``` ### Custom pipeline components and factories {#migrating-pipeline-components} Custom pipeline components now have to be registered explicitly using the [`@Language.component`](/api/language#component) or [`@Language.factory`](/api/language#factory) decorator. For simple functions that take a `Doc` and return it, all you have to do is add the `@Language.component` decorator to it and assign it a name: ```diff ### Stateless function components + from spacy.language import Language + @Language.component("my_component") def my_component(doc): return doc ``` For class components that are initialized with settings and/or the shared `nlp` object, you can use the `@Language.factory` decorator. Also make sure that that the method used to initialize the factory has **two named arguments**: `nlp` (the current `nlp` object) and `name` (the string name of the component instance). ```diff ### Stateful class components + from spacy.language import Language + @Language.factory("my_component") class MyComponent: - def __init__(self, nlp): + def __init__(self, nlp, name): self.nlp = nlp def __call__(self, doc): return doc ``` Instead of decorating your class, you could also add a factory function that takes the arguments `nlp` and `name` and returns an instance of your component: ```diff ### Stateful class components with factory function + from spacy.language import Language + @Language.factory("my_component") + def create_my_component(nlp, name): + return MyComponent(nlp) class MyComponent: def __init__(self, nlp): self.nlp = nlp def __call__(self, doc): return doc ``` The `@Language.component` and `@Language.factory` decorators now take care of adding an entry to the component factories, so spaCy knows how to load a component back in from its string name. You won't have to write to `Language.factories` manually anymore. ```diff - Language.factories["my_component"] = lambda nlp, **cfg: MyComponent(nlp) ``` #### Adding components to the pipeline {#migrating-add-pipe} The [`nlp.add_pipe`](/api/language#add_pipe) method now takes the **string name** of the component factory instead of a callable component. This allows spaCy to track and serialize components that have been added and their settings. ```diff + @Language.component("my_component") def my_component(doc): return doc - nlp.add_pipe(my_component) + nlp.add_pipe("my_component") ``` [`nlp.add_pipe`](/api/language#add_pipe) now also returns the pipeline component itself, so you can access its attributes. The [`nlp.create_pipe`](/api/language#create_pipe) method is now mostly internals and you typically shouldn't have to use it in your code. ```diff - parser = nlp.create_pipe("parser") - nlp.add_pipe(parser) + parser = nlp.add_pipe("parser") ``` If you need to add a component from an existing trained pipeline, you can now use the `source` argument on [`nlp.add_pipe`](/api/language#add_pipe). This will check that the component is compatible, and take care of porting over all config. During training, you can also reference existing trained components in your [config](/usage/training#config-components) and decide whether or not they should be updated with more data. > #### config.cfg (excerpt) > > ```ini > [components.ner] > source = "en_core_web_sm" > component = "ner" > ``` ```diff source_nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_sm") nlp = spacy.blank("en") - ner = source_nlp.get_pipe("ner") - nlp.add_pipe(ner) + nlp.add_pipe("ner", source=source_nlp) ``` #### Configuring pipeline components with settings {#migrating-configure-pipe} Because pipeline components are now added using their string names, you won't have to instantiate the [component classes](/api/#architecture-pipeline) directly anymore. To configure the component, you can now use the `config` argument on [`nlp.add_pipe`](/api/language#add_pipe). > #### config.cfg (excerpt) > > ```ini > [components.sentencizer] > factory = "sentencizer" > punct_chars = ["!", ".", "?"] > ``` ```diff punct_chars = ["!", ".", "?"] - sentencizer = Sentencizer(punct_chars=punct_chars) + sentencizer = nlp.add_pipe("sentencizer", config={"punct_chars": punct_chars}) ``` The `config` corresponds to the component settings in the [`config.cfg`](/usage/training#config-components) and will overwrite the default config defined by the components. Config values you pass to components **need to be JSON-serializable** and can't be arbitrary Python objects. Otherwise, the settings you provide can't be represented in the `config.cfg` and spaCy has no way of knowing how to re-create your component with the same settings when you load the pipeline back in. If you need to pass arbitrary objects to a component, use a [registered function](/usage/processing-pipelines#example-stateful-components): ```diff - config = {"model": MyTaggerModel()} + config= {"model": {"@architectures": "MyTaggerModel"}} tagger = nlp.add_pipe("tagger", config=config) ``` ### Adding match patterns {#migrating-matcher} The [`Matcher.add`](/api/matcher#add), [`PhraseMatcher.add`](/api/phrasematcher#add) and [`DependencyMatcher.add`](/api/dependencymatcher#add) methods now only accept a **list of patterns** as the second argument (instead of a variable number of arguments). The `on_match` callback becomes an optional keyword argument. ```diff matcher = Matcher(nlp.vocab) patterns = [[{"TEXT": "Google"}, {"TEXT": "Now"}], [{"TEXT": "GoogleNow"}]] - matcher.add("GoogleNow", on_match, *patterns) + matcher.add("GoogleNow", patterns, on_match=on_match) ``` ```diff matcher = PhraseMatcher(nlp.vocab) patterns = [nlp("health care reform"), nlp("healthcare reform")] - matcher.add("HEALTH", on_match, *patterns) + matcher.add("HEALTH", patterns, on_match=on_match) ``` ### Migrating attributes in tokenizer exceptions {#migrating-tokenizer-exceptions} Tokenizer exceptions are now only allowed to set `ORTH` and `NORM` values as part of the token attributes. Exceptions for other attributes such as `TAG` and `LEMMA` should be moved to an [`AttributeRuler`](/api/attributeruler) component: ```diff nlp = spacy.blank("en") - nlp.tokenizer.add_special_case("don't", [{"ORTH": "do"}, {"ORTH": "n't", "LEMMA": "not"}]) + nlp.tokenizer.add_special_case("don't", [{"ORTH": "do"}, {"ORTH": "n't"}]) + ruler = nlp.add_pipe("attribute_ruler") + ruler.add(patterns=[[{"ORTH": "n't"}]], attrs={"LEMMA": "not"}) ``` ### Migrating tag maps and morph rules {#migrating-training-mappings-exceptions} Instead of defining a `tag_map` and `morph_rules` in the language data, spaCy v3.0 now manages mappings and exceptions with a separate and more flexible pipeline component, the [`AttributeRuler`](/api/attributeruler). See the [usage guide](/usage/linguistic-features#mappings-exceptions) for examples. If you have tag maps and morph rules in the v2.x format, you can load them into the attribute ruler before training using the `[initialize]` block of your config. > #### What does the initialization do? > > The `[initialize]` block is used when > [`nlp.initialize`](/api/language#initialize) is called (usually right before > training). It lets you define data resources for initializing the pipeline in > your `config.cfg`. After training, the rules are saved to disk with the > exported pipeline, so your runtime model doesn't depend on local data. For > details see the [config lifecycle](/usage/training/#config-lifecycle) and > [initialization](/usage/training/#initialization) docs. ```ini ### config.cfg (excerpt) [initialize.components.attribute_ruler] [initialize.components.attribute_ruler.tag_map] @readers = "srsly.read_json.v1" path = "./corpus/tag_map.json" ``` The `AttributeRuler` also provides two handy helper methods [`load_from_tag_map`](/api/attributeruler#load_from_tag_map) and [`load_from_morph_rules`](/api/attributeruler#load_from_morph_rules) that let you load in your existing tag map or morph rules: ```diff nlp = spacy.blank("en") - nlp.vocab.morphology.load_tag_map(YOUR_TAG_MAP) + ruler = nlp.add_pipe("attribute_ruler") + ruler.load_from_tag_map(YOUR_TAG_MAP) ``` ### Migrating Doc flags {#migrating-doc-flags} The [`Doc`](/api/doc) flags `Doc.is_tagged`, `Doc.is_parsed`, `Doc.is_nered` and `Doc.is_sentenced` are deprecated in v3.0 and replaced by [`Doc.has_annotation`](/api/doc#has_annotation) method, which refers to the token attribute symbols (the same symbols used in [`Matcher`](/api/matcher) patterns): ```diff doc = nlp(text) - doc.is_parsed + doc.has_annotation("DEP") - doc.is_tagged + doc.has_annotation("TAG") - doc.is_sentenced + doc.has_annotation("SENT_START") - doc.is_nered + doc.has_annotation("ENT_IOB") ``` ### Training pipelines and models {#migrating-training} To train your pipelines, you should now pretty much always use the [`spacy train`](/api/cli#train) CLI. You shouldn't have to put together your own training scripts anymore, unless you _really_ want to. The training commands now use a [flexible config file](/usage/training#config) that describes all training settings and hyperparameters, as well as your pipeline, components and architectures to use. The `--code` argument lets you pass in code containing [custom registered functions](/usage/training#custom-code) that you can reference in your config. To get started, check out the [quickstart widget](/usage/training#quickstart). #### Binary .spacy training data format {#migrating-training-format} spaCy v3.0 uses a new [binary training data format](/api/data-formats#binary-training) created by serializing a [`DocBin`](/api/docbin), which represents a collection of `Doc` objects. This means that you can train spaCy pipelines using the same format it outputs: annotated `Doc` objects. The binary format is extremely **efficient in storage**, especially when packing multiple documents together. You can convert your existing JSON-formatted data using the [`spacy convert`](/api/cli#convert) command, which outputs `.spacy` files: ```cli $ python -m spacy convert ./training.json ./output ``` #### Training config {#migrating-training-config} The easiest way to get started with a training config is to use the [`init config`](/api/cli#init-config) command or the [quickstart widget](/usage/training#quickstart). You can define your requirements, and it will auto-generate a starter config with the best-matching default settings. ```cli $ python -m spacy init config ./config.cfg --lang en --pipeline tagger,parser ``` If you've exported a starter config from our [quickstart widget](/usage/training#quickstart), you can use the [`init fill-config`](/api/cli#init-fill-config) to fill it with all default values. You can then use the auto-generated `config.cfg` for training: ```diff - python -m spacy train en ./output ./train.json ./dev.json --pipeline tagger,parser --cnn-window 1 --bilstm-depth 0 + python -m spacy train ./config.cfg --output ./output ``` The easiest way to get started is to clone a [project template](/usage/projects) and run it – for example, this end-to-end template that lets you train a **part-of-speech tagger** and **dependency parser** on a Universal Dependencies treebank. #### Training via the Python API {#migrating-training-python} For most use cases, you **shouldn't** have to write your own training scripts anymore. Instead, you can use [`spacy train`](/api/cli#train) with a [config file](/usage/training#config) and custom [registered functions](/usage/training#custom-code) if needed. You can even register callbacks that can modify the `nlp` object at different stages of its lifecycle to fully customize it before training. If you do decide to use the [internal training API](/usage/training#api) from Python, you should only need a few small modifications to convert your scripts from spaCy v2.x to v3.x. The [`Example.from_dict`](/api/example#from_dict) classmethod takes a reference `Doc` and a [dictionary of annotations](/api/data-formats#dict-input), similar to the "simple training style" in spaCy v2.x: ```diff ### Migrating Doc and GoldParse doc = nlp.make_doc("Mark Zuckerberg is the CEO of Facebook") entities = [(0, 15, "PERSON"), (30, 38, "ORG")] - gold = GoldParse(doc, entities=entities) + example = Example.from_dict(doc, {"entities": entities}) ``` ```diff ### Migrating simple training style text = "Mark Zuckerberg is the CEO of Facebook" annotations = {"entities": [(0, 15, "PERSON"), (30, 38, "ORG")]} + doc = nlp.make_doc(text) + example = Example.from_dict(doc, annotations) ``` The [`Language.update`](/api/language#update), [`Language.evaluate`](/api/language#evaluate) and [`Pipe.update`](/api/pipe#update) methods now all take batches of [`Example`](/api/example) objects instead of `Doc` and `GoldParse` objects, or raw text and a dictionary of annotations. ```python ### Training loop {highlight="11"} TRAIN_DATA = [ ("Who is Shaka Khan?", {"entities": [(7, 17, "PERSON")]}), ("I like London.", {"entities": [(7, 13, "LOC")]}), ] nlp.initialize() for i in range(20): random.shuffle(TRAIN_DATA) for batch in minibatch(TRAIN_DATA): examples = [] for text, annots in batch: examples.append(Example.from_dict(nlp.make_doc(text), annots)) nlp.update(examples) ``` `Language.begin_training` and `Pipe.begin_training` have been renamed to [`Language.initialize`](/api/language#initialize) and [`Pipe.initialize`](/api/pipe#initialize), and the methods now take a function that returns a sequence of `Example` objects to initialize the model instead of a list of tuples. The data examples are used to **initialize the models** of trainable pipeline components, which includes validating the network, [inferring missing shapes](https://thinc.ai/docs/usage-models#validation) and setting up the label scheme. ```diff - nlp.initialize(examples) + nlp.initialize(lambda: examples) ``` #### Packaging trained pipelines {#migrating-training-packaging} The [`spacy package`](/api/cli#package) command now automatically builds the installable `.tar.gz` sdist of the Python package, so you don't have to run this step manually anymore. You can disable the behavior by setting the `--no-sdist` flag. ```diff python -m spacy package ./output ./packages - cd /output/en_pipeline-0.0.0 - python setup.py sdist ``` #### Data utilities and gold module {#migrating-gold} The `spacy.gold` module has been renamed to `spacy.training` and the conversion utilities now follow the naming format of `x_to_y`. This mostly affects internals, but if you've been using the span offset conversion utilities [`offsets_to_biluo_tags`](/api/top-level#offsets_to_biluo_tags), [`biluo_tags_to_offsets`](/api/top-level#biluo_tags_to_offsets) or [`biluo_tags_to_spans`](/api/top-level#biluo_tags_to_spans), you'll have to change your names and imports: ```diff - from spacy.gold import biluo_tags_from_offsets, offsets_from_biluo_tags, spans_from_biluo_tags + from spacy.training import offsets_to_biluo_tags, biluo_tags_to_offsets, biluo_tags_to_spans ``` #### Migration notes for plugin maintainers {#migrating-plugins} Thanks to everyone who's been contributing to the spaCy ecosystem by developing and maintaining one of the many awesome [plugins and extensions](/universe). We've tried to make it as easy as possible for you to upgrade your packages for spaCy v3. The most common use case for plugins is providing pipeline components and extension attributes. When migrating your plugin, double-check the following: - Use the [`@Language.factory`](/api/language#factory) decorator to register your component and assign it a name. This allows users to refer to your components by name and serialize pipelines referencing them. Remove all manual entries to the `Language.factories`. - Make sure your component factories take at least two **named arguments**: `nlp` (the current `nlp` object) and `name` (the instance name of the added component so you can identify multiple instances of the same component). - Update all references to [`nlp.add_pipe`](/api/language#add_pipe) in your docs to use **string names** instead of the component functions. ```python ### {highlight="1-5"} from spacy.language import Language @Language.factory("my_component", default_config={"some_setting": False}) def create_component(nlp: Language, name: str, some_setting: bool): return MyCoolComponent(some_setting=some_setting) class MyCoolComponent: def __init__(self, some_setting): self.some_setting = some_setting def __call__(self, doc): # Do something to the doc return doc ``` > #### Result in config.cfg > > ```ini > [components.my_component] > factory = "my_component" > some_setting = true > ``` ```diff import spacy from your_plugin import MyCoolComponent nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_sm") - component = MyCoolComponent(some_setting=True) - nlp.add_pipe(component) + nlp.add_pipe("my_component", config={"some_setting": True}) ``` The [`@Language.factory`](/api/language#factory) decorator takes care of letting spaCy know that a component of that name is available. This means that your users can add it to the pipeline using its **string name**. However, this requires the decorator to be executed – so users will still have to **import your plugin**. Alternatively, your plugin could expose an [entry point](/usage/saving-loading#entry-points), which spaCy can read from. This means that spaCy knows how to initialize `my_component`, even if your package isn't imported.