from libcpp.vector cimport vector
from libc.stdint cimport uint32_t
from libc.stdint cimport int64_t
from libc.stdint cimport int32_t
from libc.stdint cimport uint64_t

from preshed.maps cimport PreshMap
from murmurhash.mrmr cimport hash64

import numpy

cimport cython

ctypedef unsigned char uchar

# Format
# - Total number of bytes in message (32 bit int)
# - Words, terminating in an EOL symbol, huffman coded ~12 bits per word
# - Spaces ~1 bit per word
# - Parse: Huffman coded head offset / dep label / POS tag / entity IOB tag
#          combo. ? bits per word. 40 * 80 * 40 * 12 = 1.5m symbol vocab


# Note that we're setting the most significant bits here first, when in practice
# we're actually wanting the last bit to be most significant (for Huffman coding,
# anyway).
cdef Code bit_append(Code code, bint bit) nogil:
    cdef uint64_t one = 1
    if bit:
        code.bits |= one << code.length
    else:
        code.bits &= ~(one << code.length)
    code.length += 1
    return code


cdef class BitArray:
    cdef bytes data
    cdef unsigned char byte
    cdef unsigned char bit_of_byte
    cdef uint32_t i
    def __init__(self):
        self.data = b''
        self.byte = 0
        self.bit_of_byte = 0
        self.i = 0

    def __iter__(self):
        cdef uchar byte, i
        cdef uchar one = 1
        start_byte = self.i // 8
        if (self.i % 8) != 0:
            for i in range(self.i % 8):
                yield 1 if (self.data[start_byte] & (one << i)) else 0
            start_byte += 1
        for byte in self.data[start_byte:]:
            for i in range(8):
                yield 1 if byte & (one << i) else 0
        for i in range(self.bit_of_byte):
            yield 1 if self.byte & (one << i) else 0

    def as_bytes(self):
        if self.bit_of_byte != 0:
            return self.data + chr(self.byte)
        else:
            return self.data

    def append(self, bint bit):
        cdef uint64_t one = 1
        print 'append', bit
        if bit:
            self.byte |= one << self.bit_of_byte
        else:
            self.byte &= ~(one << self.bit_of_byte)
        self.bit_of_byte += 1
        if self.bit_of_byte == 8:
            self.data += chr(self.byte)
            self.byte = 0
            self.bit_of_byte = 0

    cdef int extend(self, uint64_t code, char n_bits) except -1:
        cdef uint64_t one = 1
        cdef unsigned char bit_of_code
        for bit_of_code in range(n_bits):
            if code & (one << bit_of_code):
                self.byte |= one << self.bit_of_byte
            else:
                self.byte &= ~(one << self.bit_of_byte)
            self.bit_of_byte += 1
            if self.bit_of_byte == 8:
                self.data += chr(self.byte)
                self.byte = 0
                self.bit_of_byte = 0
    

cdef class HuffmanCodec:
    """Create a Huffman code table, and use it to pack and unpack sequences into
    byte strings. Emphasis is on efficiency, so API is quite strict:

    Messages will be encoded/decoded as indices that refer to the probability sequence.
    For instance, the sequence [5, 10, 8] indicates the 5th most frequent item,
    the 10th most frequent item, the 8th most frequent item.  The codec will add
    the EOL symbol to your message. An exception will be raised if you include
    the EOL symbol in your message.

    Arguments:
        probs (float[:]): A descending-sorted sequence of probabilities/weights.
          Must include a weight for an EOL symbol.

        eol (uint32_t): The index of the weight of the EOL symbol.
    """
    def __init__(self, float[:] probs, uint32_t eol):
        self.eol = eol
        self.codes.resize(len(probs))
        for i in range(len(self.codes)):
            self.codes[i].bits = 0
            self.codes[i].length = 0
        populate_nodes(self.nodes, probs)
        cdef Code path
        path.bits = 0
        path.length = 0
        assign_codes(self.nodes, self.codes, len(self.nodes) - 1, path)

    def encode(self, uint32_t[:] sequence, BitArray bits=None):
        if bits is None:
            bits = BitArray()
        for i in sequence:
            bits.extend(self.codes[i].bits, self.codes[i].length) 
        bits.extend(self.codes[self.eol].bits, self.codes[self.eol].length)
        return bits

    def decode(self, bits):
        node = self.nodes.back()
        symbols = []
        for bit in bits:
            branch = node.right if bit else node.left
            if branch >= 0:
                node = self.nodes.at(branch)
            else:
                symbol = -(branch + 1)
                if symbol == self.eol:
                    return symbols
                else:
                    symbols.append(symbol)
                node = self.nodes.back()
        return symbols

    property strings:
        @cython.boundscheck(False)
        @cython.wraparound(False)
        @cython.nonecheck(False)
        def __get__(self):
            output = []
            cdef int i, j
            cdef bytes string
            cdef Code code
            for i in range(self.codes.size()):
                code = self.codes[i]
                string = b'{0:b}'.format(code.bits).rjust(code.length, '0')
                string = string[::-1]
                output.append(string)
            return output


@cython.boundscheck(False)
@cython.wraparound(False)
@cython.nonecheck(False)
cdef int populate_nodes(vector[Node]& nodes, float[:] probs) except -1:
    assert len(probs) >= 3
    cdef int size = len(probs)
    cdef int i = size - 1
    cdef int j = 0
    
    while i >= 0 or (j+1) < nodes.size():
        if i < 0:
            _cover_two_nodes(nodes, j)
            j += 2
        elif j >= nodes.size():
            _cover_two_words(nodes, i, i-1, probs[i] + probs[i-1])
            i -= 2
        elif i >= 1 and (j == nodes.size() or probs[i-1] < nodes[j].prob):
            _cover_two_words(nodes, i, i-1, probs[i] + probs[i-1])
            i -= 2
        elif (j+1) < nodes.size() and nodes[j+1].prob < probs[i]:
            _cover_two_nodes(nodes, j)
            j += 2
        else:
            _cover_one_word_one_node(nodes, j, i, probs[i])
            i -= 1
            j += 1
    return 0

cdef int _cover_two_nodes(vector[Node]& nodes, int j) nogil:
    cdef Node node
    node.left = j
    node.right = j+1
    node.prob = nodes[j].prob + nodes[j+1].prob
    nodes.push_back(node)


cdef int _cover_one_word_one_node(vector[Node]& nodes, int j, int id_, float prob) nogil:
    cdef Node node
    # Encode leaves as negative integers, where the integer is the index of the
    # word in the vocabulary.
    cdef int64_t leaf_id = - <int64_t>(id_ + 1)
    cdef float new_prob = prob + nodes[j].prob
    if prob < nodes[j].prob:
        node.left = leaf_id
        node.right = j
        node.prob = new_prob
    else:
        node.left = j
        node.right = leaf_id
        node.prob = new_prob
    nodes.push_back(node)


cdef int _cover_two_words(vector[Node]& nodes, int id1, int id2, float prob) nogil:
    cdef Node node
    node.left = -(id1+1)
    node.right = -(id2+1)
    node.prob = prob
    nodes.push_back(node)


cdef int assign_codes(vector[Node]& nodes, vector[Code]& codes, int i, Code path) except -1:
    cdef Code left_path = bit_append(path, 0)
    cdef Code right_path = bit_append(path, 1)
    
    # Assign down left branch
    if nodes[i].left >= 0:
        assign_codes(nodes, codes, nodes[i].left, left_path)
    else:
        # Leaf on left
        id_ = -(nodes[i].left + 1)
        codes[id_] = left_path
    # Assign down right branch
    if nodes[i].right >= 0:
        assign_codes(nodes, codes, nodes[i].right, right_path)
    else:
        # Leaf on right
        id_ = -(nodes[i].right + 1)
        codes[id_] = right_path