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Co-authored-by: Sofie Van Landeghem <svlandeg@users.noreply.github.com>
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Co-authored-by: Marcus Blättermann <marcus@essenmitsosse.de>
1185 lines
62 KiB
Plaintext
1185 lines
62 KiB
Plaintext
---
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title: What's New in v3.0
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teaser: New features, backwards incompatibilities and migration guide
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menu:
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- ['Summary', 'summary']
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- ['New Features', 'features']
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- ['Backwards Incompatibilities', 'incompat']
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- ['Migrating from v2.x', 'migrating']
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---
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## Summary {id="summary",hidden="true"}
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> #### 📖 Looking for the old docs?
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>
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> To help you make the transition from v2.x to v3.0, we've uploaded the old
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> website to [**v2.spacy.io**](https://v2.spacy.io/docs).
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<Grid cols={2} gutterBottom={false}>
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<div>
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spaCy v3.0 features all new **transformer-based pipelines** that bring spaCy's
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||
accuracy right up to the current **state-of-the-art**. You can use any
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||
pretrained transformer to train your own pipelines, and even share one
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transformer between multiple components with **multi-task learning**. Training
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||
is now fully configurable and extensible, and you can define your own custom
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models using **PyTorch**, **TensorFlow** and other frameworks. The new spaCy
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projects system lets you describe whole **end-to-end workflows** in a single
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file, giving you an easy path from prototype to production, and making it easy
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to clone and adapt best-practice projects for your own use cases.
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||
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</div>
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<Infobox title="Table of Contents" id="toc">
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- [Summary](#summary)
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- [New features](#features)
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- [Transformer-based pipelines](#features-transformers)
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- [Training & config system](#features-training)
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- [Custom models](#features-custom-models)
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- [End-to-end project workflows](#features-projects)
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- [Parallel training with Ray](#features-parallel-training)
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- [New built-in components](#features-pipeline-components)
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- [New custom component API](#features-components)
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- [Dependency matching](#features-dep-matcher)
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- [Python type hints](#features-types)
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||
- [New methods & attributes](#new-methods)
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- [New & updated documentation](#new-docs)
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- [Backwards incompatibilities](#incompat)
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- [Migrating from spaCy v2.x](#migrating)
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||
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</Infobox>
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||
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</Grid>
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## New Features {id="features"}
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This section contains an overview of the most important **new features and
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improvements**. The [API docs](/api) include additional deprecation notes. New
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||
methods and functions that were introduced in this version are marked with the
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||
tag <Tag variant="new">3</Tag>.
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||
|
||
<YouTube id="9k_EfV7Cns0"></YouTube>
|
||
|
||
<Grid cols={2} gutterBottom={false} narrow>
|
||
|
||
<YouTube id="BWhh3r6W-qE"></YouTube>
|
||
|
||
<YouTube id="8HL-Ap5_Axo"></YouTube>
|
||
|
||
</Grid>
|
||
|
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### Transformer-based pipelines {id="features-transformers"}
|
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> #### Example
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>
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> ```bash
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> $ python -m spacy download en_core_web_trf
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||
> ```
|
||
|
||
spaCy v3.0 features all new transformer-based pipelines that bring spaCy's
|
||
accuracy right up to the current **state-of-the-art**. You can use any
|
||
pretrained transformer to train your own pipelines, and even share one
|
||
transformer between multiple components with **multi-task learning**. spaCy's
|
||
transformer support interoperates with [PyTorch](https://pytorch.org) and the
|
||
[HuggingFace `transformers`](https://huggingface.co/transformers/) library,
|
||
giving you access to thousands of pretrained models for your pipelines.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<Benchmarks />
|
||
|
||
#### New trained transformer-based pipelines {id="features-transformers-pipelines"}
|
||
|
||
> #### Notes on model capabilities
|
||
>
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||
> The models are each trained with a **single transformer** shared across the
|
||
> pipeline, which requires it to be trained on a single corpus. For
|
||
> [English](/models/en) and [Chinese](/models/zh), we used the OntoNotes 5
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||
> corpus, which has annotations across several tasks. For [French](/models/fr),
|
||
> [Spanish](/models/es) and [German](/models/de), we didn't have a suitable
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||
> corpus that had both syntactic and entity annotations, so the transformer
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||
> models for those languages do not include NER.
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||
|
||
| Package | Language | Transformer | Tagger | Parser | NER |
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||
| ------------------------------------------------ | -------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -----: | -----: | ---: |
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||
| [`en_core_web_trf`](/models/en#en_core_web_trf) | English | [`roberta-base`](https://huggingface.co/roberta-base) | 97.8 | 95.2 | 89.9 |
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||
| [`de_dep_news_trf`](/models/de#de_dep_news_trf) | German | [`bert-base-german-cased`](https://huggingface.co/bert-base-german-cased) | 99.0 | 95.8 | - |
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||
| [`es_dep_news_trf`](/models/es#es_dep_news_trf) | Spanish | [`bert-base-spanish-wwm-cased`](https://huggingface.co/dccuchile/bert-base-spanish-wwm-cased) | 98.2 | 94.6 | - |
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||
| [`fr_dep_news_trf`](/models/fr#fr_dep_news_trf) | French | [`camembert-base`](https://huggingface.co/camembert-base) | 95.7 | 94.4 | - |
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||
| [`zh_core_web_trf`](/models/zh#zh_core_news_trf) | Chinese | [`bert-base-chinese`](https://huggingface.co/bert-base-chinese) | 92.5 | 76.6 | 75.4 |
|
||
|
||
<Infobox title="Details & Documentation" emoji="📖" list>
|
||
|
||
- **Usage:** [Embeddings & Transformers](/usage/embeddings-transformers),
|
||
[Training pipelines and models](/usage/training),
|
||
[Benchmarks](/usage/facts-figures#benchmarks)
|
||
- **API:** [`Transformer`](/api/transformer),
|
||
[`TransformerData`](/api/transformer#transformerdata),
|
||
[`FullTransformerBatch`](/api/transformer#fulltransformerbatch)
|
||
- **Architectures: ** [TransformerModel](/api/architectures#TransformerModel),
|
||
[TransformerListener](/api/architectures#TransformerListener),
|
||
[Tok2VecTransformer](/api/architectures#Tok2VecTransformer)
|
||
- **Implementation:**
|
||
[`spacy-transformers`](https://github.com/explosion/spacy-transformers)
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||
|
||
</Infobox>
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||
|
||
### New training workflow and config system {id="features-training"}
|
||
|
||
> #### Example
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||
>
|
||
> ```ini
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> [training]
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||
> accumulate_gradient = 3
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>
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||
> [training.optimizer]
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||
> @optimizers = "Adam.v1"
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||
>
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> [training.optimizer.learn_rate]
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||
> @schedules = "warmup_linear.v1"
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||
> warmup_steps = 250
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> total_steps = 20000
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> initial_rate = 0.01
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> ```
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spaCy v3.0 introduces a comprehensive and extensible system for **configuring
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||
your training runs**. A single configuration file describes every detail of your
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training run, with no hidden defaults, making it easy to rerun your experiments
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||
and track changes. You can use the
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||
[quickstart widget](/usage/training#quickstart) or the `init config` command to
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||
get started. Instead of providing lots of arguments on the command line, you
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||
only need to pass your `config.cfg` file to [`spacy train`](/api/cli#train).
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Training config files include all **settings and hyperparameters** for training
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||
your pipeline. Some settings can also be registered **functions** that you can
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||
swap out and customize, making it easy to implement your own custom models and
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||
architectures.
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<Infobox title="Details & Documentation" emoji="📖" list>
|
||
|
||
- **Usage:** [Training pipelines and models](/usage/training)
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- **Thinc:** [Thinc's config system](https://thinc.ai/docs/usage-config),
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[`Config`](https://thinc.ai/docs/api-config#config)
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- **CLI:** [`init config`](/api/cli#init-config),
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[`init fill-config`](/api/cli#init-fill-config), [`train`](/api/cli#train),
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[`pretrain`](/api/cli#pretrain), [`evaluate`](/api/cli#evaluate)
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- **API:** [Config format](/api/data-formats#config),
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[`registry`](/api/top-level#registry)
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||
|
||
</Infobox>
|
||
|
||
### Custom models using any framework {id="features-custom-models"}
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||
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||
> #### Example
|
||
>
|
||
> ```python
|
||
> from torch import nn
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||
> from thinc.api import PyTorchWrapper
|
||
>
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||
> torch_model = nn.Sequential(
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> nn.Linear(32, 32),
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> nn.ReLU(),
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||
> nn.Softmax(dim=1)
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||
> )
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> model = PyTorchWrapper(torch_model)
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> ```
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spaCy's new configuration system makes it easy to customize the neural network
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models used by the different pipeline components. You can also implement your
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||
own architectures via spaCy's machine learning library [Thinc](https://thinc.ai)
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||
that provides various layers and utilities, as well as thin wrappers around
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frameworks like **PyTorch**, **TensorFlow** and **MXNet**. Component models all
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||
follow the same unified [`Model`](https://thinc.ai/docs/api-model) API and each
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||
`Model` can also be used as a sublayer of a larger network, allowing you to
|
||
freely combine implementations from different frameworks into a single model.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<Infobox title="Details & Documentation" emoji="📖" list>
|
||
|
||
- **Usage: ** [Layers and architectures](/usage/layers-architectures),
|
||
[Trainable component API](/usage/processing-pipelines#trainable-components),
|
||
[Trainable components and models](/usage/layers-architectures#components)
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||
- **Thinc: **
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||
[Wrapping PyTorch, TensorFlow & MXNet](https://thinc.ai/docs/usage-frameworks),
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||
[`Model` API](https://thinc.ai/docs/api-model)
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||
- **API:** [Model architectures](/api/architectures),
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||
[`TrainablePipe`](/api/pipe)
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||
|
||
</Infobox>
|
||
|
||
### Manage end-to-end workflows with projects {id="features-projects"}
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||
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> #### Example
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||
>
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> ```bash
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> # Clone a project template
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||
> $ python -m spacy project clone pipelines/tagger_parser_ud
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> $ cd tagger_parser_ud
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> # Download data assets
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> $ python -m spacy project assets
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> # Run a workflow
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> $ python -m spacy project run all
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> ```
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||
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spaCy projects let you manage and share **end-to-end spaCy workflows** for
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||
different **use cases and domains**, and orchestrate training, packaging and
|
||
serving your custom pipelines. You can start off by cloning a pre-defined
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||
project template, adjust it to fit your needs, load in your data, train a
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||
pipeline, export it as a Python package, upload your outputs to a remote storage
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||
and share your results with your team.
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
spaCy projects also make it easy to **integrate with other tools** in the data
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||
science and machine learning ecosystem, including [DVC](/usage/projects#dvc) for
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||
data version control, [Prodigy](/usage/projects#prodigy) for creating labelled
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||
data, [Streamlit](/usage/projects#streamlit) for building interactive apps,
|
||
[FastAPI](/usage/projects#fastapi) for serving models in production,
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||
[Ray](/usage/projects#ray) for parallel training,
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||
[Weights & Biases](/usage/projects#wandb) for experiment tracking, and more!
|
||
|
||
<Infobox title="Details & Documentation" emoji="📖" list>
|
||
|
||
- **Usage:** [spaCy projects](/usage/projects),
|
||
[Training pipelines and models](/usage/training)
|
||
- **CLI:** [`project`](/api/cli#project), [`train`](/api/cli#train)
|
||
- **Templates:** [`projects`](https://github.com/explosion/projects)
|
||
|
||
</Infobox>
|
||
|
||
<Project id="pipelines/tagger_parser_ud">
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||
|
||
The easiest way to get started is to clone a [project template](/usage/projects)
|
||
and run it – for example, this end-to-end template that lets you train a
|
||
**part-of-speech tagger** and **dependency parser** on a Universal Dependencies
|
||
treebank.
|
||
|
||
</Project>
|
||
|
||
### Parallel and distributed training with Ray {id="features-parallel-training"}
|
||
|
||
> #### Example
|
||
>
|
||
> ```bash
|
||
> $ pip install -U %%SPACY_PKG_NAME[ray]%%SPACY_PKG_FLAGS
|
||
> # Check that the CLI is registered
|
||
> $ python -m spacy ray --help
|
||
> # Train a pipeline
|
||
> $ python -m spacy ray train config.cfg --n-workers 2
|
||
> ```
|
||
|
||
[Ray](https://ray.io/) is a fast and simple framework for building and running
|
||
**distributed applications**. You can use Ray to train spaCy on one or more
|
||
remote machines, potentially speeding up your training process. The Ray
|
||
integration is powered by a lightweight extension package,
|
||
[`spacy-ray`](https://github.com/explosion/spacy-ray), that automatically adds
|
||
the [`ray`](/api/cli#ray) command to your spaCy CLI if it's installed in the
|
||
same environment. You can then run [`spacy ray train`](/api/cli#ray-train) for
|
||
parallel training.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<Infobox title="Details & Documentation" emoji="📖" list>
|
||
|
||
- **Usage: **
|
||
[Parallel and distributed training](/usage/training#parallel-training),
|
||
[spaCy Projects integration](/usage/projects#ray)
|
||
- **CLI:** [`ray`](/api/cli#ray), [`ray train`](/api/cli#ray-train)
|
||
- **Implementation:** [`spacy-ray`](https://github.com/explosion/spacy-ray)
|
||
|
||
</Infobox>
|
||
|
||
### New built-in pipeline components {id="features-pipeline-components"}
|
||
|
||
spaCy v3.0 includes several new trainable and rule-based components that you can
|
||
add to your pipeline and customize for your use case:
|
||
|
||
> #### Example
|
||
>
|
||
> ```python
|
||
> # pip install -U %%SPACY_PKG_NAME[lookups]%%SPACY_PKG_FLAGS
|
||
> nlp = spacy.blank("en")
|
||
> nlp.add_pipe("lemmatizer")
|
||
> ```
|
||
|
||
| Name | Description |
|
||
| ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||
| [`SentenceRecognizer`](/api/sentencerecognizer) | Trainable component for sentence segmentation. |
|
||
| [`Morphologizer`](/api/morphologizer) | Trainable component to predict morphological features. |
|
||
| [`Lemmatizer`](/api/lemmatizer) | Standalone component for rule-based and lookup lemmatization. |
|
||
| [`AttributeRuler`](/api/attributeruler) | Component for setting token attributes using match patterns. |
|
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| [`Transformer`](/api/transformer) | Component for using [transformer models](/usage/embeddings-transformers) in your pipeline, accessing outputs and aligning tokens. Provided via [`spacy-transformers`](https://github.com/explosion/spacy-transformers). |
|
||
| [`TrainablePipe`](/api/pipe) | Base class for trainable pipeline components. |
|
||
| [`Multi-label TextCategorizer`](/api/textcategorizer) | Trainable component for multi-label text classification. |
|
||
|
||
<Infobox title="Details & Documentation" emoji="📖" list>
|
||
|
||
- **Usage:** [Processing pipelines](/usage/processing-pipelines)
|
||
- **API:** [Built-in pipeline components](/api#architecture-pipeline)
|
||
- **Implementation:** [`spacy/pipeline`](%%GITHUB_SPACY/spacy/pipeline)
|
||
|
||
</Infobox>
|
||
|
||
### New and improved pipeline component APIs {id="features-components"}
|
||
|
||
> #### Example
|
||
>
|
||
> ```python
|
||
> @Language.component("my_component")
|
||
> def my_component(doc):
|
||
> return doc
|
||
>
|
||
> nlp.add_pipe("my_component")
|
||
> nlp.add_pipe("ner", source=other_nlp)
|
||
> nlp.analyze_pipes(pretty=True)
|
||
> ```
|
||
|
||
Defining, configuring, reusing, training and analyzing pipeline components is
|
||
now easier and more convenient. The `@Language.component` and
|
||
`@Language.factory` decorators let you register your component, define its
|
||
default configuration and meta data, like the attribute values it assigns and
|
||
requires. Any custom component can be included during training, and sourcing
|
||
components from existing trained pipelines lets you **mix and match custom
|
||
pipelines**. The `nlp.analyze_pipes` method outputs structured information about
|
||
the current pipeline and its components, including the attributes they assign,
|
||
the scores they compute during training and whether any required attributes
|
||
aren't set.
|
||
|
||
<Infobox title="Details & Documentation" emoji="📖" list>
|
||
|
||
- **Usage:** [Custom components](/usage/processing-pipelines#custom_components),
|
||
[Defining components for training](/usage/training#config-components)
|
||
- **API:** [`@Language.component`](/api/language#component),
|
||
[`@Language.factory`](/api/language#factory),
|
||
[`Language.add_pipe`](/api/language#add_pipe),
|
||
[`Language.analyze_pipes`](/api/language#analyze_pipes)
|
||
- **Implementation:** [`spacy/language.py`](%%GITHUB_SPACY/spacy/language.py)
|
||
|
||
</Infobox>
|
||
|
||
### Dependency matching {id="features-dep-matcher"}
|
||
|
||
> #### Example
|
||
>
|
||
> ```python
|
||
> from spacy.matcher import DependencyMatcher
|
||
>
|
||
> matcher = DependencyMatcher(nlp.vocab)
|
||
> pattern = [
|
||
> {"RIGHT_ID": "anchor_founded", "RIGHT_ATTRS": {"ORTH": "founded"}},
|
||
> {"LEFT_ID": "anchor_founded", "REL_OP": ">", "RIGHT_ID": "subject", "RIGHT_ATTRS": {"DEP": "nsubj"}}
|
||
> ]
|
||
> matcher.add("FOUNDED", [pattern])
|
||
> ```
|
||
|
||
The new [`DependencyMatcher`](/api/dependencymatcher) lets you match patterns
|
||
within the dependency parse using
|
||
[Semgrex](https://nlp.stanford.edu/nlp/javadoc/javanlp/edu/stanford/nlp/semgraph/semgrex/SemgrexPattern.html)
|
||
operators. It follows the same API as the token-based [`Matcher`](/api/matcher).
|
||
A pattern added to the dependency matcher consists of a **list of
|
||
dictionaries**, with each dictionary describing a **token to match** and its
|
||
**relation to an existing token** in the pattern.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<Infobox title="Details & Documentation" emoji="📖" list>
|
||
|
||
- **Usage:**
|
||
[Dependency matching](/usage/rule-based-matching#dependencymatcher),
|
||
- **API:** [`DependencyMatcher`](/api/dependencymatcher),
|
||
- **Implementation:**
|
||
[`spacy/matcher/dependencymatcher.pyx`](%%GITHUB_SPACY/spacy/matcher/dependencymatcher.pyx)
|
||
|
||
</Infobox>
|
||
|
||
### Type hints and type-based data validation {id="features-types"}
|
||
|
||
> #### Example
|
||
>
|
||
> ```python
|
||
> from spacy.language import Language
|
||
> from pydantic import StrictBool
|
||
>
|
||
> @Language.factory("my_component")
|
||
> def create_my_component(
|
||
> nlp: Language,
|
||
> name: str,
|
||
> custom: StrictBool
|
||
> ):
|
||
> ...
|
||
> ```
|
||
|
||
spaCy v3.0 officially drops support for Python 2 and now requires **Python
|
||
3.6+**. This also means that the code base can take full advantage of
|
||
[type hints](https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html). spaCy's user-facing
|
||
API that's implemented in pure Python (as opposed to Cython) now comes with type
|
||
hints. The new version of spaCy's machine learning library
|
||
[Thinc](https://thinc.ai) also features extensive
|
||
[type support](https://thinc.ai/docs/usage-type-checking/), including custom
|
||
types for models and arrays, and a custom `mypy` plugin that can be used to
|
||
type-check model definitions.
|
||
|
||
For data validation, spaCy v3.0 adopts
|
||
[`pydantic`](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic). It also powers the data
|
||
validation of Thinc's [config system](https://thinc.ai/docs/usage-config), which
|
||
lets you register **custom functions with typed arguments**, reference them in
|
||
your config and see validation errors if the argument values don't match.
|
||
|
||
<Infobox title="Details & Documentation" emoji="📖" list>
|
||
|
||
- **Usage: **
|
||
[Component type hints and validation](/usage/processing-pipelines#type-hints),
|
||
[Training with custom code](/usage/training#custom-code)
|
||
- **Thinc: **
|
||
[Type checking in Thinc](https://thinc.ai/docs/usage-type-checking),
|
||
[Thinc's config system](https://thinc.ai/docs/usage-config)
|
||
|
||
</Infobox>
|
||
|
||
### New methods, attributes and commands {id="new-methods"}
|
||
|
||
The following methods, attributes and commands are new in spaCy v3.0.
|
||
|
||
| Name | Description |
|
||
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
|
||
| [`Token.lex`](/api/token#attributes) | Access a token's [`Lexeme`](/api/lexeme). |
|
||
| [`Token.morph`](/api/token#attributes) | Access a token's morphological analysis. |
|
||
| [`Doc.spans`](/api/doc#spans) | Named span groups to store and access collections of potentially overlapping spans. Uses the new [`SpanGroup`](/api/spangroup) data structure. |
|
||
| [`Doc.has_annotation`](/api/doc#has_annotation) | Check whether a doc has annotation on a token attribute. |
|
||
| [`Language.select_pipes`](/api/language#select_pipes) | Context manager for enabling or disabling specific pipeline components for a block. |
|
||
| [`Language.disable_pipe`](/api/language#disable_pipe), [`Language.enable_pipe`](/api/language#enable_pipe) | Disable or enable a loaded pipeline component (but don't remove it). |
|
||
| [`Language.analyze_pipes`](/api/language#analyze_pipes) | [Analyze](/usage/processing-pipelines#analysis) components and their interdependencies. |
|
||
| [`Language.resume_training`](/api/language#resume_training) | Experimental: continue training a trained pipeline and initialize "rehearsal" for components that implement a `rehearse` method to prevent catastrophic forgetting. |
|
||
| [`@Language.factory`](/api/language#factory), [`@Language.component`](/api/language#component) | Decorators for [registering](/usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components) pipeline component factories and simple stateless component functions. |
|
||
| [`Language.has_factory`](/api/language#has_factory) | Check whether a component factory is registered on a language class. |
|
||
| [`Language.get_factory_meta`](/api/language#get_factory_meta), [`Language.get_pipe_meta`](/api/language#get_factory_meta) | Get the [`FactoryMeta`](/api/language#factorymeta) with component metadata for a factory or instance name. |
|
||
| [`Language.config`](/api/language#config) | The [config](/usage/training#config) used to create the current `nlp` object. An instance of [`Config`](https://thinc.ai/docs/api-config#config) and can be saved to disk and used for training. |
|
||
| [`Language.components`](/api/language#attributes), [`Language.component_names`](/api/language#attributes) | All available components and component names, including disabled components that are not run as part of the pipeline. |
|
||
| [`Language.disabled`](/api/language#attributes) | Names of disabled components that are not run as part of the pipeline. |
|
||
| [`TrainablePipe.score`](/api/pipe#score) | Method on pipeline components that returns a dictionary of evaluation scores. |
|
||
| [`registry`](/api/top-level#registry) | Function registry to map functions to string names that can be referenced in [configs](/usage/training#config). |
|
||
| [`util.load_meta`](/api/top-level#util.load_meta), [`util.load_config`](/api/top-level#util.load_config) | Updated helpers for loading a pipeline's [`meta.json`](/api/data-formats#meta) and [`config.cfg`](/api/data-formats#config). |
|
||
| [`util.get_installed_models`](/api/top-level#util.get_installed_models) | Names of all pipeline packages installed in the environment. |
|
||
| [`init config`](/api/cli#init-config), [`init fill-config`](/api/cli#init-fill-config), [`debug config`](/api/cli#debug-config) | CLI commands for initializing, auto-filling and debugging [training configs](/usage/training). |
|
||
| [`init vectors`](/api/cli#init-vectors) | Convert word vectors for use with spaCy. |
|
||
| [`init labels`](/api/cli#init-labels) | Generate JSON files for the labels in the data to speed up training. |
|
||
| [`project`](/api/cli#project) | Suite of CLI commands for cloning, running and managing [spaCy projects](/usage/projects). |
|
||
| [`ray`](/api/cli#ray) | Suite of CLI commands for parallel training with [Ray](https://ray.io/), provided by the [`spacy-ray`](https://github.com/explosion/spacy-ray) extension package. |
|
||
|
||
### New and updated documentation {id="new-docs"}
|
||
|
||
<Grid cols={2} gutterBottom={false}>
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
To help you get started with spaCy v3.0 and the new features, we've added
|
||
several new or rewritten documentation pages, including a new usage guide on
|
||
[embeddings, transformers and transfer learning](/usage/embeddings-transformers),
|
||
a guide on [training pipelines and models](/usage/training) rewritten from
|
||
scratch, a page explaining the new [spaCy projects](/usage/projects) and updated
|
||
usage documentation on
|
||
[custom pipeline components](/usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components).
|
||
We've also added a bunch of new illustrations and new API reference pages
|
||
documenting spaCy's machine learning [model architectures](/api/architectures)
|
||
and the expected [data formats](/api/data-formats). API pages about
|
||
[pipeline components](/api/#architecture-pipeline) now include more information,
|
||
like the default config and implementation, and we've adopted a more detailed
|
||
format for documenting argument and return types.
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<Image src="/images/architecture.svg" href="/api" alt="Library architecture" />
|
||
|
||
</Grid>
|
||
|
||
<Infobox title="New or reworked documentation" emoji="📖" list>
|
||
|
||
- **Usage: ** [Embeddings & Transformers](/usage/embeddings-transformers),
|
||
[Training models](/usage/training),
|
||
[Layers & Architectures](/usage/layers-architectures),
|
||
[Projects](/usage/projects),
|
||
[Custom pipeline components](/usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components),
|
||
[Custom tokenizers](/usage/linguistic-features#custom-tokenizer),
|
||
[Morphology](/usage/linguistic-features#morphology),
|
||
[Lemmatization](/usage/linguistic-features#lemmatization),
|
||
[Mapping & Exceptions](/usage/linguistic-features#mappings-exceptions),
|
||
[Dependency matching](/usage/rule-based-matching#dependencymatcher)
|
||
- **API Reference: ** [Library architecture](/api),
|
||
[Model architectures](/api/architectures), [Data formats](/api/data-formats)
|
||
- **New Classes: ** [`Example`](/api/example), [`Tok2Vec`](/api/tok2vec),
|
||
[`Transformer`](/api/transformer), [`Lemmatizer`](/api/lemmatizer),
|
||
[`Morphologizer`](/api/morphologizer),
|
||
[`AttributeRuler`](/api/attributeruler),
|
||
[`SentenceRecognizer`](/api/sentencerecognizer),
|
||
[`DependencyMatcher`](/api/dependencymatcher), [`TrainablePipe`](/api/pipe),
|
||
[`Corpus`](/api/corpus), [`SpanGroup`](/api/spangroup),
|
||
|
||
</Infobox>
|
||
|
||
## Backwards Incompatibilities {id="incompat"}
|
||
|
||
As always, we've tried to keep the breaking changes to a minimum and focus on
|
||
changes that were necessary to support the new features, fix problems or improve
|
||
usability. The following section lists the relevant changes to the user-facing
|
||
API. For specific examples of how to rewrite your code, check out the
|
||
[migration guide](#migrating).
|
||
|
||
<Infobox variant="warning">
|
||
|
||
Note that spaCy v3.0 now requires **Python 3.6+**.
|
||
|
||
</Infobox>
|
||
|
||
### API changes {id="incompat-api"}
|
||
|
||
- Pipeline package symlinks, the `link` command and shortcut names are now
|
||
deprecated. There can be many [different trained pipelines](/models) and not
|
||
just one "English model", so you should always use the full package name like
|
||
`en_core_web_sm` explicitly.
|
||
- A pipeline's `meta.json` is now only used to provide meta information like the
|
||
package name, author, license and labels. It's **not** used to construct the
|
||
processing pipeline anymore. This is all defined in the
|
||
[`config.cfg`](/api/data-formats#config), which also includes all settings
|
||
used to train the pipeline.
|
||
- The `train`, `pretrain` and `debug data` commands now only take a
|
||
`config.cfg`.
|
||
- [`Language.add_pipe`](/api/language#add_pipe) now takes the **string name** of
|
||
the component factory instead of the component function.
|
||
- **Custom pipeline components** now need to be decorated with the
|
||
[`@Language.component`](/api/language#component) or
|
||
[`@Language.factory`](/api/language#factory) decorator.
|
||
- The [`Language.update`](/api/language#update),
|
||
[`Language.evaluate`](/api/language#evaluate) and
|
||
[`TrainablePipe.update`](/api/pipe#update) methods now all take batches of
|
||
[`Example`](/api/example) objects instead of `Doc` and `GoldParse` objects, or
|
||
raw text and a dictionary of annotations.
|
||
- The `begin_training` methods have been renamed to `initialize` and now take a
|
||
function that returns a sequence of `Example` objects to initialize the model
|
||
instead of a list of tuples.
|
||
- [`Matcher.add`](/api/matcher#add) and
|
||
[`PhraseMatcher.add`](/api/phrasematcher#add) now only accept a list of
|
||
patterns as the second argument (instead of a variable number of arguments).
|
||
The `on_match` callback becomes an optional keyword argument.
|
||
- The `Doc` flags like `Doc.is_parsed` or `Doc.is_tagged` have been replaced by
|
||
[`Doc.has_annotation`](/api/doc#has_annotation).
|
||
- The `spacy.gold` module has been renamed to
|
||
[`spacy.training`](%%GITHUB_SPACY/spacy/training).
|
||
- The `PRON_LEMMA` symbol and `-PRON-` as an indicator for pronoun lemmas has
|
||
been removed.
|
||
- The `TAG_MAP` and `MORPH_RULES` in the language data have been replaced by the
|
||
more flexible [`AttributeRuler`](/api/attributeruler).
|
||
- The [`Lemmatizer`](/api/lemmatizer) is now a standalone pipeline component and
|
||
doesn't provide lemmas by default or switch automatically between lookup and
|
||
rule-based lemmas. You can now add it to your pipeline explicitly and set its
|
||
mode on initialization.
|
||
- Various keyword arguments across functions and methods are now explicitly
|
||
declared as **keyword-only** arguments. Those arguments are documented
|
||
accordingly across the API reference using the <Tag>keyword-only</Tag> tag.
|
||
- The `textcat` pipeline component is now only applicable for classification of
|
||
mutually exclusives classes - i.e. one predicted class per input sentence or
|
||
document. To perform multi-label classification, use the new
|
||
`textcat_multilabel` component instead.
|
||
|
||
### Removed or renamed API {id="incompat-removed"}
|
||
|
||
| Removed | Replacement |
|
||
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
|
||
| `Language.disable_pipes` | [`Language.select_pipes`](/api/language#select_pipes), [`Language.disable_pipe`](/api/language#disable_pipe), [`Language.enable_pipe`](/api/language#enable_pipe) |
|
||
| `Language.begin_training`, `Pipe.begin_training`, ... | [`Language.initialize`](/api/language#initialize), [`Pipe.initialize`](/api/pipe#initialize), ... |
|
||
| `Doc.is_tagged`, `Doc.is_parsed`, ... | [`Doc.has_annotation`](/api/doc#has_annotation) |
|
||
| `GoldParse` | [`Example`](/api/example) |
|
||
| `GoldCorpus` | [`Corpus`](/api/corpus) |
|
||
| `KnowledgeBase.load_bulk`, `KnowledgeBase.dump` | [`KnowledgeBase.from_disk`](/api/kb#from_disk), [`KnowledgeBase.to_disk`](/api/kb#to_disk) |
|
||
| `KnowledgeBase.get_candidates` | [`KnowledgeBase.get_alias_candidates`](/api/kb#get_alias_candidates) |
|
||
| `Matcher.pipe`, `PhraseMatcher.pipe` | not needed |
|
||
| `gold.offsets_from_biluo_tags`, `gold.spans_from_biluo_tags`, `gold.biluo_tags_from_offsets` | [`training.biluo_tags_to_offsets`](/api/top-level#biluo_tags_to_offsets), [`training.biluo_tags_to_spans`](/api/top-level#biluo_tags_to_spans), [`training.offsets_to_biluo_tags`](/api/top-level#offsets_to_biluo_tags) |
|
||
| `spacy init-model` | [`spacy init vectors`](/api/cli#init-vectors) |
|
||
| `spacy debug-data` | [`spacy debug data`](/api/cli#debug-data) |
|
||
| `spacy profile` | [`spacy debug profile`](/api/cli#debug-profile) |
|
||
| `spacy link`, `util.set_data_path`, `util.get_data_path` | not needed, symlinks are deprecated |
|
||
|
||
The following methods, attributes and arguments were removed in v3.0. Most of
|
||
them have been **deprecated for a while** and many would previously raise
|
||
errors. Many of them were also mostly internals. If you've been working with
|
||
more recent versions of spaCy v2.x, it's **unlikely** that your code relied on
|
||
them.
|
||
|
||
| Removed | Replacement |
|
||
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||
| `Doc.tokens_from_list` | [`Doc.__init__`](/api/doc#init) |
|
||
| `Doc.merge`, `Span.merge` | [`Doc.retokenize`](/api/doc#retokenize) |
|
||
| `Token.string`, `Span.string`, `Span.upper`, `Span.lower` | [`Span.text`](/api/span#attributes), [`Token.text`](/api/token#attributes) |
|
||
| `Language.tagger`, `Language.parser`, `Language.entity` | [`Language.get_pipe`](/api/language#get_pipe) |
|
||
| keyword-arguments like `vocab=False` on `to_disk`, `from_disk`, `to_bytes`, `from_bytes` | `exclude=["vocab"]` |
|
||
| `n_threads` argument on [`Tokenizer`](/api/tokenizer), [`Matcher`](/api/matcher), [`PhraseMatcher`](/api/phrasematcher) | `n_process` |
|
||
| `verbose` argument on [`Language.evaluate`](/api/language#evaluate) | logging (`DEBUG`) |
|
||
| `SentenceSegmenter` hook, `SimilarityHook` | [user hooks](/usage/processing-pipelines#custom-components-user-hooks), [`Sentencizer`](/api/sentencizer), [`SentenceRecognizer`](/api/sentencerecognizer) |
|
||
|
||
## Migrating from v2.x {id="migrating"}
|
||
|
||
### Downloading and loading trained pipelines {id="migrating-downloading-models"}
|
||
|
||
Symlinks and shortcuts like `en` have been deprecated for a while, and are now
|
||
not supported anymore. There are [many different trained pipelines](/models)
|
||
with different capabilities and not just one "English model". In order to
|
||
download and load a package, you should always use its full name – for instance,
|
||
[`en_core_web_sm`](/models/en#en_core_web_sm).
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- python -m spacy download en
|
||
+ python -m spacy download en_core_web_sm
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- nlp = spacy.load("en")
|
||
+ nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_sm")
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Custom pipeline components and factories {id="migrating-pipeline-components"}
|
||
|
||
Custom pipeline components now have to be registered explicitly using the
|
||
[`@Language.component`](/api/language#component) or
|
||
[`@Language.factory`](/api/language#factory) decorator. For simple functions
|
||
that take a `Doc` and return it, all you have to do is add the
|
||
`@Language.component` decorator to it and assign it a name:
|
||
|
||
```diff {title="Stateless function components"}
|
||
+ from spacy.language import Language
|
||
|
||
+ @Language.component("my_component")
|
||
def my_component(doc):
|
||
return doc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
For class components that are initialized with settings and/or the shared `nlp`
|
||
object, you can use the `@Language.factory` decorator. Also make sure that that
|
||
the method used to initialize the factory has **two named arguments**: `nlp`
|
||
(the current `nlp` object) and `name` (the string name of the component
|
||
instance).
|
||
|
||
```diff {title="Stateful class components"}
|
||
+ from spacy.language import Language
|
||
|
||
+ @Language.factory("my_component")
|
||
class MyComponent:
|
||
- def __init__(self, nlp):
|
||
+ def __init__(self, nlp, name):
|
||
self.nlp = nlp
|
||
|
||
def __call__(self, doc):
|
||
return doc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Instead of decorating your class, you could also add a factory function that
|
||
takes the arguments `nlp` and `name` and returns an instance of your component:
|
||
|
||
```diff {title="Stateful class components with factory function"}
|
||
+ from spacy.language import Language
|
||
|
||
+ @Language.factory("my_component")
|
||
+ def create_my_component(nlp, name):
|
||
+ return MyComponent(nlp)
|
||
|
||
class MyComponent:
|
||
def __init__(self, nlp):
|
||
self.nlp = nlp
|
||
|
||
def __call__(self, doc):
|
||
return doc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The `@Language.component` and `@Language.factory` decorators now take care of
|
||
adding an entry to the component factories, so spaCy knows how to load a
|
||
component back in from its string name. You won't have to write to
|
||
`Language.factories` manually anymore.
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- Language.factories["my_component"] = lambda nlp, **cfg: MyComponent(nlp)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Adding components to the pipeline {id="migrating-add-pipe"}
|
||
|
||
The [`nlp.add_pipe`](/api/language#add_pipe) method now takes the **string
|
||
name** of the component factory instead of a callable component. This allows
|
||
spaCy to track and serialize components that have been added and their settings.
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
+ @Language.component("my_component")
|
||
def my_component(doc):
|
||
return doc
|
||
|
||
- nlp.add_pipe(my_component)
|
||
+ nlp.add_pipe("my_component")
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
[`nlp.add_pipe`](/api/language#add_pipe) now also returns the pipeline component
|
||
itself, so you can access its attributes. The
|
||
[`nlp.create_pipe`](/api/language#create_pipe) method is now mostly internals
|
||
and you typically shouldn't have to use it in your code.
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- parser = nlp.create_pipe("parser")
|
||
- nlp.add_pipe(parser)
|
||
+ parser = nlp.add_pipe("parser")
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If you need to add a component from an existing trained pipeline, you can now
|
||
use the `source` argument on [`nlp.add_pipe`](/api/language#add_pipe). This will
|
||
check that the component is compatible, and take care of porting over all
|
||
config. During training, you can also reference existing trained components in
|
||
your [config](/usage/training#config-components) and decide whether or not they
|
||
should be updated with more data.
|
||
|
||
> #### config.cfg (excerpt)
|
||
>
|
||
> ```ini
|
||
> [components.ner]
|
||
> source = "en_core_web_sm"
|
||
> component = "ner"
|
||
> ```
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
source_nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_sm")
|
||
nlp = spacy.blank("en")
|
||
- ner = source_nlp.get_pipe("ner")
|
||
- nlp.add_pipe(ner)
|
||
+ nlp.add_pipe("ner", source=source_nlp)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Configuring pipeline components with settings {id="migrating-configure-pipe"}
|
||
|
||
Because pipeline components are now added using their string names, you won't
|
||
have to instantiate the [component classes](/api/#architecture-pipeline)
|
||
directly anymore. To configure the component, you can now use the `config`
|
||
argument on [`nlp.add_pipe`](/api/language#add_pipe).
|
||
|
||
> #### config.cfg (excerpt)
|
||
>
|
||
> ```ini
|
||
> [components.sentencizer]
|
||
> factory = "sentencizer"
|
||
> punct_chars = ["!", ".", "?"]
|
||
> ```
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
punct_chars = ["!", ".", "?"]
|
||
- sentencizer = Sentencizer(punct_chars=punct_chars)
|
||
+ sentencizer = nlp.add_pipe("sentencizer", config={"punct_chars": punct_chars})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The `config` corresponds to the component settings in the
|
||
[`config.cfg`](/usage/training#config-components) and will overwrite the default
|
||
config defined by the components.
|
||
|
||
<Infobox variant="warning" title="Important note on config values">
|
||
|
||
Config values you pass to components **need to be JSON-serializable** and can't
|
||
be arbitrary Python objects. Otherwise, the settings you provide can't be
|
||
represented in the `config.cfg` and spaCy has no way of knowing how to re-create
|
||
your component with the same settings when you load the pipeline back in. If you
|
||
need to pass arbitrary objects to a component, use a
|
||
[registered function](/usage/processing-pipelines#example-stateful-components):
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- config = {"model": MyTaggerModel()}
|
||
+ config= {"model": {"@architectures": "MyTaggerModel"}}
|
||
tagger = nlp.add_pipe("tagger", config=config)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</Infobox>
|
||
|
||
### Adding match patterns {id="migrating-matcher"}
|
||
|
||
The [`Matcher.add`](/api/matcher#add),
|
||
[`PhraseMatcher.add`](/api/phrasematcher#add) and
|
||
[`DependencyMatcher.add`](/api/dependencymatcher#add) methods now only accept a
|
||
**list of patterns** as the second argument (instead of a variable number of
|
||
arguments). The `on_match` callback becomes an optional keyword argument.
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
matcher = Matcher(nlp.vocab)
|
||
patterns = [[{"TEXT": "Google"}, {"TEXT": "Now"}], [{"TEXT": "GoogleNow"}]]
|
||
- matcher.add("GoogleNow", on_match, *patterns)
|
||
+ matcher.add("GoogleNow", patterns, on_match=on_match)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
matcher = PhraseMatcher(nlp.vocab)
|
||
patterns = [nlp("health care reform"), nlp("healthcare reform")]
|
||
- matcher.add("HEALTH", on_match, *patterns)
|
||
+ matcher.add("HEALTH", patterns, on_match=on_match)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Migrating attributes in tokenizer exceptions {id="migrating-tokenizer-exceptions"}
|
||
|
||
Tokenizer exceptions are now only allowed to set `ORTH` and `NORM` values as
|
||
part of the token attributes. Exceptions for other attributes such as `TAG` and
|
||
`LEMMA` should be moved to an [`AttributeRuler`](/api/attributeruler) component:
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
nlp = spacy.blank("en")
|
||
- nlp.tokenizer.add_special_case("don't", [{"ORTH": "do"}, {"ORTH": "n't", "LEMMA": "not"}])
|
||
+ nlp.tokenizer.add_special_case("don't", [{"ORTH": "do"}, {"ORTH": "n't"}])
|
||
+ ruler = nlp.add_pipe("attribute_ruler")
|
||
+ ruler.add(patterns=[[{"ORTH": "n't"}]], attrs={"LEMMA": "not"})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Migrating tag maps and morph rules {id="migrating-training-mappings-exceptions"}
|
||
|
||
Instead of defining a `tag_map` and `morph_rules` in the language data, spaCy
|
||
v3.0 now manages mappings and exceptions with a separate and more flexible
|
||
pipeline component, the [`AttributeRuler`](/api/attributeruler). See the
|
||
[usage guide](/usage/linguistic-features#mappings-exceptions) for examples. If
|
||
you have tag maps and morph rules in the v2.x format, you can load them into the
|
||
attribute ruler before training using the `[initialize]` block of your config.
|
||
|
||
### Using Lexeme Tables
|
||
|
||
To use tables like `lexeme_prob` when training a model from scratch, you need to
|
||
add an entry to the `initialize` block in your config. Here's what that looks
|
||
like for the existing trained pipelines:
|
||
|
||
```ini
|
||
[initialize.lookups]
|
||
@misc = "spacy.LookupsDataLoader.v1"
|
||
lang = ${nlp.lang}
|
||
tables = ["lexeme_norm"]
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
> #### What does the initialization do?
|
||
>
|
||
> The `[initialize]` block is used when
|
||
> [`nlp.initialize`](/api/language#initialize) is called (usually right before
|
||
> training). It lets you define data resources for initializing the pipeline in
|
||
> your `config.cfg`. After training, the rules are saved to disk with the
|
||
> exported pipeline, so your runtime model doesn't depend on local data. For
|
||
> details see the [config lifecycle](/usage/training/#config-lifecycle) and
|
||
> [initialization](/usage/training/#initialization) docs.
|
||
|
||
```ini {title="config.cfg (excerpt)"}
|
||
[initialize.components.attribute_ruler]
|
||
|
||
[initialize.components.attribute_ruler.tag_map]
|
||
@readers = "srsly.read_json.v1"
|
||
path = "./corpus/tag_map.json"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The `AttributeRuler` also provides two handy helper methods
|
||
[`load_from_tag_map`](/api/attributeruler#load_from_tag_map) and
|
||
[`load_from_morph_rules`](/api/attributeruler#load_from_morph_rules) that let
|
||
you load in your existing tag map or morph rules:
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
nlp = spacy.blank("en")
|
||
- nlp.vocab.morphology.load_tag_map(YOUR_TAG_MAP)
|
||
+ ruler = nlp.add_pipe("attribute_ruler")
|
||
+ ruler.load_from_tag_map(YOUR_TAG_MAP)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Migrating Doc flags {id="migrating-doc-flags"}
|
||
|
||
The [`Doc`](/api/doc) flags `Doc.is_tagged`, `Doc.is_parsed`, `Doc.is_nered` and
|
||
`Doc.is_sentenced` are deprecated in v3.0 and replaced by
|
||
[`Doc.has_annotation`](/api/doc#has_annotation) method, which refers to the
|
||
token attribute symbols (the same symbols used in [`Matcher`](/api/matcher)
|
||
patterns):
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
doc = nlp(text)
|
||
- doc.is_parsed
|
||
+ doc.has_annotation("DEP")
|
||
- doc.is_tagged
|
||
+ doc.has_annotation("TAG")
|
||
- doc.is_sentenced
|
||
+ doc.has_annotation("SENT_START")
|
||
- doc.is_nered
|
||
+ doc.has_annotation("ENT_IOB")
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Training pipelines and models {id="migrating-training"}
|
||
|
||
To train your pipelines, you should now pretty much always use the
|
||
[`spacy train`](/api/cli#train) CLI. You shouldn't have to put together your own
|
||
training scripts anymore, unless you _really_ want to. The training commands now
|
||
use a [flexible config file](/usage/training#config) that describes all training
|
||
settings and hyperparameters, as well as your pipeline, components and
|
||
architectures to use. The `--code` argument lets you pass in code containing
|
||
[custom registered functions](/usage/training#custom-code) that you can
|
||
reference in your config. To get started, check out the
|
||
[quickstart widget](/usage/training#quickstart).
|
||
|
||
#### Binary .spacy training data format {id="migrating-training-format"}
|
||
|
||
spaCy v3.0 uses a new
|
||
[binary training data format](/api/data-formats#binary-training) created by
|
||
serializing a [`DocBin`](/api/docbin), which represents a collection of `Doc`
|
||
objects. This means that you can train spaCy pipelines using the same format it
|
||
outputs: annotated `Doc` objects. The binary format is extremely **efficient in
|
||
storage**, especially when packing multiple documents together. You can convert
|
||
your existing JSON-formatted data using the [`spacy convert`](/api/cli#convert)
|
||
command, which outputs `.spacy` files:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
$ python -m spacy convert ./training.json ./output
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Training config {id="migrating-training-config"}
|
||
|
||
The easiest way to get started with a training config is to use the
|
||
[`init config`](/api/cli#init-config) command or the
|
||
[quickstart widget](/usage/training#quickstart). You can define your
|
||
requirements, and it will auto-generate a starter config with the best-matching
|
||
default settings.
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
$ python -m spacy init config ./config.cfg --lang en --pipeline tagger,parser
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If you've exported a starter config from our
|
||
[quickstart widget](/usage/training#quickstart), you can use the
|
||
[`init fill-config`](/api/cli#init-fill-config) to fill it with all default
|
||
values. You can then use the auto-generated `config.cfg` for training:
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- python -m spacy train en ./output ./train.json ./dev.json
|
||
--pipeline tagger,parser --cnn-window 1 --bilstm-depth 0
|
||
+ python -m spacy train ./config.cfg --output ./output
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<Project id="pipelines/tagger_parser_ud">
|
||
|
||
The easiest way to get started is to clone a [project template](/usage/projects)
|
||
and run it – for example, this end-to-end template that lets you train a
|
||
**part-of-speech tagger** and **dependency parser** on a Universal Dependencies
|
||
treebank.
|
||
|
||
</Project>
|
||
|
||
#### Modifying tokenizer settings
|
||
|
||
If you were using a base model with `spacy train` to customize the tokenizer
|
||
settings in v2, your modifications can be provided in the
|
||
`[initialize.before_init]` callback.
|
||
|
||
Write a registered callback that modifies the tokenizer settings and specify
|
||
this callback in your config:
|
||
|
||
> #### config.cfg
|
||
>
|
||
> ```ini
|
||
> [initialize]
|
||
>
|
||
> [initialize.before_init]
|
||
> @callbacks = "customize_tokenizer"
|
||
> ```
|
||
|
||
```python {title="functions.py"}
|
||
from spacy.util import registry, compile_suffix_regex
|
||
|
||
@registry.callbacks("customize_tokenizer")
|
||
def make_customize_tokenizer():
|
||
def customize_tokenizer(nlp):
|
||
# remove a suffix
|
||
suffixes = list(nlp.Defaults.suffixes)
|
||
suffixes.remove("\\[")
|
||
suffix_regex = compile_suffix_regex(suffixes)
|
||
nlp.tokenizer.suffix_search = suffix_regex.search
|
||
|
||
# add a special case
|
||
nlp.tokenizer.add_special_case("_SPECIAL_", [{"ORTH": "_SPECIAL_"}])
|
||
return customize_tokenizer
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
When training, provide the function above with the `--code` option:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
$ python -m spacy train config.cfg --code ./functions.py
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The train step requires the `--code` option with your registered functions from
|
||
the `[initialize]` block, but since those callbacks are only required during the
|
||
initialization step, you don't need to provide them with the final pipeline
|
||
package. However, to make it easier for others to replicate your training setup,
|
||
you can choose to package the initialization callbacks with the pipeline package
|
||
or to publish them separately.
|
||
|
||
#### Training via the Python API {id="migrating-training-python"}
|
||
|
||
For most use cases, you **shouldn't** have to write your own training scripts
|
||
anymore. Instead, you can use [`spacy train`](/api/cli#train) with a
|
||
[config file](/usage/training#config) and custom
|
||
[registered functions](/usage/training#custom-code) if needed. You can even
|
||
register callbacks that can modify the `nlp` object at different stages of its
|
||
lifecycle to fully customize it before training.
|
||
|
||
If you do decide to use the [internal training API](/usage/training#api) from
|
||
Python, you should only need a few small modifications to convert your scripts
|
||
from spaCy v2.x to v3.x. The [`Example.from_dict`](/api/example#from_dict)
|
||
classmethod takes a reference `Doc` and a
|
||
[dictionary of annotations](/api/data-formats#dict-input), similar to the
|
||
"simple training style" in spaCy v2.x:
|
||
|
||
```diff {title="Migrating Doc and GoldParse"}
|
||
doc = nlp.make_doc("Mark Zuckerberg is the CEO of Facebook")
|
||
entities = [(0, 15, "PERSON"), (30, 38, "ORG")]
|
||
- gold = GoldParse(doc, entities=entities)
|
||
+ example = Example.from_dict(doc, {"entities": entities})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```diff {title="Migrating simple training style"}
|
||
text = "Mark Zuckerberg is the CEO of Facebook"
|
||
annotations = {"entities": [(0, 15, "PERSON"), (30, 38, "ORG")]}
|
||
+ doc = nlp.make_doc(text)
|
||
+ example = Example.from_dict(doc, annotations)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The [`Language.update`](/api/language#update),
|
||
[`Language.evaluate`](/api/language#evaluate) and
|
||
[`TrainablePipe.update`](/api/pipe#update) methods now all take batches of
|
||
[`Example`](/api/example) objects instead of `Doc` and `GoldParse` objects, or
|
||
raw text and a dictionary of annotations.
|
||
|
||
```python {title="Training loop",highlight="5-8,12"}
|
||
TRAIN_DATA = [
|
||
("Who is Shaka Khan?", {"entities": [(7, 17, "PERSON")]}),
|
||
("I like London.", {"entities": [(7, 13, "LOC")]}),
|
||
]
|
||
examples = []
|
||
for text, annots in TRAIN_DATA:
|
||
examples.append(Example.from_dict(nlp.make_doc(text), annots))
|
||
nlp.initialize(lambda: examples)
|
||
for i in range(20):
|
||
random.shuffle(examples)
|
||
for batch in minibatch(examples, size=8):
|
||
nlp.update(batch)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`Language.begin_training` and `TrainablePipe.begin_training` have been renamed
|
||
to [`Language.initialize`](/api/language#initialize) and
|
||
[`TrainablePipe.initialize`](/api/pipe#initialize), and the methods now take a
|
||
function that returns a sequence of `Example` objects to initialize the model
|
||
instead of a list of tuples. The data examples are used to **initialize the
|
||
models** of trainable pipeline components, which includes validating the
|
||
network,
|
||
[inferring missing shapes](https://thinc.ai/docs/usage-models#validation) and
|
||
setting up the label scheme.
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- nlp.begin_training()
|
||
+ nlp.initialize(lambda: examples)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Packaging trained pipelines {id="migrating-training-packaging"}
|
||
|
||
The [`spacy package`](/api/cli#package) command now automatically builds the
|
||
installable `.tar.gz` sdist of the Python package, so you don't have to run this
|
||
step manually anymore. To disable the behavior, you can set `--build none`. You
|
||
can also choose to build a binary wheel (which installs more efficiently) by
|
||
setting `--build wheel`, or to build both the sdist and wheel by setting
|
||
`--build sdist,wheel`.
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
python -m spacy package ./output ./packages
|
||
- cd /output/en_pipeline-0.0.0
|
||
- python setup.py sdist
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Data utilities and gold module {id="migrating-gold"}
|
||
|
||
The `spacy.gold` module has been renamed to `spacy.training` and the conversion
|
||
utilities now follow the naming format of `x_to_y`. This mostly affects
|
||
internals, but if you've been using the span offset conversion utilities
|
||
[`offsets_to_biluo_tags`](/api/top-level#offsets_to_biluo_tags),
|
||
[`biluo_tags_to_offsets`](/api/top-level#biluo_tags_to_offsets) or
|
||
[`biluo_tags_to_spans`](/api/top-level#biluo_tags_to_spans), you'll have to
|
||
change your names and imports:
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
- from spacy.gold import biluo_tags_from_offsets, offsets_from_biluo_tags, spans_from_biluo_tags
|
||
+ from spacy.training import offsets_to_biluo_tags, biluo_tags_to_offsets, biluo_tags_to_spans
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Migration notes for plugin maintainers {id="migrating-plugins"}
|
||
|
||
Thanks to everyone who's been contributing to the spaCy ecosystem by developing
|
||
and maintaining one of the many awesome [plugins and extensions](/universe).
|
||
We've tried to make it as easy as possible for you to upgrade your packages for
|
||
spaCy v3.0. The most common use case for plugins is providing pipeline
|
||
components and extension attributes. When migrating your plugin, double-check
|
||
the following:
|
||
|
||
- Use the [`@Language.factory`](/api/language#factory) decorator to register
|
||
your component and assign it a name. This allows users to refer to your
|
||
components by name and serialize pipelines referencing them. Remove all manual
|
||
entries to the `Language.factories`.
|
||
- Make sure your component factories take at least two **named arguments**:
|
||
`nlp` (the current `nlp` object) and `name` (the instance name of the added
|
||
component so you can identify multiple instances of the same component).
|
||
- Update all references to [`nlp.add_pipe`](/api/language#add_pipe) in your docs
|
||
to use **string names** instead of the component functions.
|
||
|
||
```python {highlight="1-5"}
|
||
from spacy.language import Language
|
||
|
||
@Language.factory("my_component", default_config={"some_setting": False})
|
||
def create_component(nlp: Language, name: str, some_setting: bool):
|
||
return MyCoolComponent(some_setting=some_setting)
|
||
|
||
|
||
class MyCoolComponent:
|
||
def __init__(self, some_setting):
|
||
self.some_setting = some_setting
|
||
|
||
def __call__(self, doc):
|
||
# Do something to the doc
|
||
return doc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
> #### Result in config.cfg
|
||
>
|
||
> ```ini
|
||
> [components.my_component]
|
||
> factory = "my_component"
|
||
> some_setting = true
|
||
> ```
|
||
|
||
```diff
|
||
import spacy
|
||
from your_plugin import MyCoolComponent
|
||
|
||
nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_sm")
|
||
- component = MyCoolComponent(some_setting=True)
|
||
- nlp.add_pipe(component)
|
||
+ nlp.add_pipe("my_component", config={"some_setting": True})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<Infobox title="Important note on registering factories" variant="warning">
|
||
|
||
The [`@Language.factory`](/api/language#factory) decorator takes care of letting
|
||
spaCy know that a component of that name is available. This means that your
|
||
users can add it to the pipeline using its **string name**. However, this
|
||
requires the decorator to be executed – so users will still have to **import
|
||
your plugin**. Alternatively, your plugin could expose an
|
||
[entry point](/usage/saving-loading#entry-points), which spaCy can read from.
|
||
This means that spaCy knows how to initialize `my_component`, even if your
|
||
package isn't imported.
|
||
|
||
</Infobox>
|
||
|
||
#### Using GPUs in Jupyter notebooks {id="jupyter-notebook-gpu"}
|
||
|
||
In Jupyter notebooks, run [`prefer_gpu`](/api/top-level#spacy.prefer_gpu),
|
||
[`require_gpu`](/api/top-level#spacy.require_gpu) or
|
||
[`require_cpu`](/api/top-level#spacy.require_cpu) in the same cell as
|
||
[`spacy.load`](/api/top-level#spacy.load) to ensure that the model is loaded on
|
||
the correct device.
|
||
|
||
Due to a bug related to `contextvars` (see the
|
||
[bug report](https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/11565)), the GPU settings
|
||
may not be preserved correctly across cells, resulting in models being loaded on
|
||
the wrong device or only partially on GPU.
|