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https://github.com/explosion/spaCy.git
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311 lines
11 KiB
Python
311 lines
11 KiB
Python
# coding: utf8
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from __future__ import unicode_literals
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def explain(term):
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"""Get a description for a given POS tag, dependency label or entity type.
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term (unicode): The term to explain.
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RETURNS (unicode): The explanation, or `None` if not found in the glossary.
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EXAMPLE:
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>>> spacy.explain(u'NORP')
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>>> doc = nlp(u'Hello world')
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>>> print([w.text, w.tag_, spacy.explain(w.tag_) for w in doc])
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"""
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if term in GLOSSARY:
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return GLOSSARY[term]
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GLOSSARY = {
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# POS tags
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# Universal POS Tags
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# http://universaldependencies.org/u/pos/
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"ADJ": "adjective",
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"ADP": "adposition",
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"ADV": "adverb",
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"AUX": "auxiliary",
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"CONJ": "conjunction",
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"CCONJ": "coordinating conjunction",
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"DET": "determiner",
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"INTJ": "interjection",
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"NOUN": "noun",
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"NUM": "numeral",
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"PART": "particle",
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"PRON": "pronoun",
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"PROPN": "proper noun",
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"PUNCT": "punctuation",
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"SCONJ": "subordinating conjunction",
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"SYM": "symbol",
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"VERB": "verb",
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"X": "other",
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"EOL": "end of line",
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"SPACE": "space",
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# POS tags (English)
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# OntoNotes 5 / Penn Treebank
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# https://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_2003/ling001/penn_treebank_pos.html
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".": "punctuation mark, sentence closer",
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",": "punctuation mark, comma",
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"-LRB-": "left round bracket",
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"-RRB-": "right round bracket",
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"``": "opening quotation mark",
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'""': "closing quotation mark",
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"''": "closing quotation mark",
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":": "punctuation mark, colon or ellipsis",
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"$": "symbol, currency",
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"#": "symbol, number sign",
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"AFX": "affix",
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"CC": "conjunction, coordinating",
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"CD": "cardinal number",
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"DT": "determiner",
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"EX": "existential there",
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"FW": "foreign word",
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"HYPH": "punctuation mark, hyphen",
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"IN": "conjunction, subordinating or preposition",
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"JJ": "adjective",
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"JJR": "adjective, comparative",
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"JJS": "adjective, superlative",
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"LS": "list item marker",
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"MD": "verb, modal auxiliary",
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"NIL": "missing tag",
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"NN": "noun, singular or mass",
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"NNP": "noun, proper singular",
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"NNPS": "noun, proper plural",
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"NNS": "noun, plural",
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"PDT": "predeterminer",
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"POS": "possessive ending",
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"PRP": "pronoun, personal",
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"PRP$": "pronoun, possessive",
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"RB": "adverb",
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"RBR": "adverb, comparative",
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"RBS": "adverb, superlative",
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"RP": "adverb, particle",
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"TO": "infinitival to",
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"UH": "interjection",
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"VB": "verb, base form",
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"VBD": "verb, past tense",
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"VBG": "verb, gerund or present participle",
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"VBN": "verb, past participle",
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"VBP": "verb, non-3rd person singular present",
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"VBZ": "verb, 3rd person singular present",
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"WDT": "wh-determiner",
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"WP": "wh-pronoun, personal",
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"WP$": "wh-pronoun, possessive",
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"WRB": "wh-adverb",
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"SP": "space",
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"ADD": "email",
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"NFP": "superfluous punctuation",
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"GW": "additional word in multi-word expression",
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"XX": "unknown",
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"BES": 'auxiliary "be"',
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"HVS": 'forms of "have"',
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# POS Tags (German)
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# TIGER Treebank
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# http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/forschung/ressourcen/korpora/TIGERCorpus/annotation/tiger_introduction.pdf
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"$(": "other sentence-internal punctuation mark",
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"$,": "comma",
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"$.": "sentence-final punctuation mark",
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"ADJA": "adjective, attributive",
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"ADJD": "adjective, adverbial or predicative",
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"APPO": "postposition",
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"APPR": "preposition; circumposition left",
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"APPRART": "preposition with article",
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"APZR": "circumposition right",
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"ART": "definite or indefinite article",
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"CARD": "cardinal number",
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"FM": "foreign language material",
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"ITJ": "interjection",
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"KOKOM": "comparative conjunction",
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"KON": "coordinate conjunction",
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"KOUI": 'subordinate conjunction with "zu" and infinitive',
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"KOUS": "subordinate conjunction with sentence",
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"NE": "proper noun",
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"NNE": "proper noun",
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"PAV": "pronominal adverb",
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"PROAV": "pronominal adverb",
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"PDAT": "attributive demonstrative pronoun",
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"PDS": "substituting demonstrative pronoun",
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"PIAT": "attributive indefinite pronoun without determiner",
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"PIDAT": "attributive indefinite pronoun with determiner",
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"PIS": "substituting indefinite pronoun",
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"PPER": "non-reflexive personal pronoun",
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"PPOSAT": "attributive possessive pronoun",
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"PPOSS": "substituting possessive pronoun",
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"PRELAT": "attributive relative pronoun",
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"PRELS": "substituting relative pronoun",
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"PRF": "reflexive personal pronoun",
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"PTKA": "particle with adjective or adverb",
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"PTKANT": "answer particle",
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"PTKNEG": "negative particle",
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"PTKVZ": "separable verbal particle",
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"PTKZU": '"zu" before infinitive',
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"PWAT": "attributive interrogative pronoun",
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"PWAV": "adverbial interrogative or relative pronoun",
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"PWS": "substituting interrogative pronoun",
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"TRUNC": "word remnant",
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"VAFIN": "finite verb, auxiliary",
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"VAIMP": "imperative, auxiliary",
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"VAINF": "infinitive, auxiliary",
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"VAPP": "perfect participle, auxiliary",
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"VMFIN": "finite verb, modal",
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"VMINF": "infinitive, modal",
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"VMPP": "perfect participle, modal",
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"VVFIN": "finite verb, full",
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"VVIMP": "imperative, full",
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"VVINF": "infinitive, full",
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"VVIZU": 'infinitive with "zu", full',
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"VVPP": "perfect participle, full",
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"XY": "non-word containing non-letter",
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# Noun chunks
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"NP": "noun phrase",
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"PP": "prepositional phrase",
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"VP": "verb phrase",
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"ADVP": "adverb phrase",
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"ADJP": "adjective phrase",
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"SBAR": "subordinating conjunction",
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"PRT": "particle",
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"PNP": "prepositional noun phrase",
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# Dependency Labels (English)
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# ClearNLP / Universal Dependencies
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# https://github.com/clir/clearnlp-guidelines/blob/master/md/specifications/dependency_labels.md
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"acl": "clausal modifier of noun (adjectival clause)",
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"acomp": "adjectival complement",
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"advcl": "adverbial clause modifier",
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"advmod": "adverbial modifier",
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"agent": "agent",
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"amod": "adjectival modifier",
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"appos": "appositional modifier",
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"attr": "attribute",
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"aux": "auxiliary",
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"auxpass": "auxiliary (passive)",
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"case": "case marking",
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"cc": "coordinating conjunction",
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"ccomp": "clausal complement",
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"clf": "classifier",
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"complm": "complementizer",
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"compound": "compound",
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"conj": "conjunct",
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"cop": "copula",
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"csubj": "clausal subject",
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"csubjpass": "clausal subject (passive)",
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"dative": "dative",
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"dep": "unclassified dependent",
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"det": "determiner",
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"discourse": "discourse element",
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"dislocated": "dislocated elements",
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"dobj": "direct object",
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"expl": "expletive",
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"fixed": "fixed multiword expression",
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"flat": "flat multiword expression",
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"goeswith": "goes with",
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"hmod": "modifier in hyphenation",
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"hyph": "hyphen",
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"infmod": "infinitival modifier",
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"intj": "interjection",
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"iobj": "indirect object",
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"list": "list",
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"mark": "marker",
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"meta": "meta modifier",
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"neg": "negation modifier",
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"nmod": "modifier of nominal",
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"nn": "noun compound modifier",
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"npadvmod": "noun phrase as adverbial modifier",
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"nsubj": "nominal subject",
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"nsubjpass": "nominal subject (passive)",
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"nounmod": "modifier of nominal",
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"npmod": "noun phrase as adverbial modifier",
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"num": "number modifier",
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"number": "number compound modifier",
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"nummod": "numeric modifier",
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"oprd": "object predicate",
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"obj": "object",
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"obl": "oblique nominal",
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"orphan": "orphan",
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"parataxis": "parataxis",
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"partmod": "participal modifier",
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"pcomp": "complement of preposition",
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"pobj": "object of preposition",
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"poss": "possession modifier",
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"possessive": "possessive modifier",
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"preconj": "pre-correlative conjunction",
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"prep": "prepositional modifier",
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"prt": "particle",
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"punct": "punctuation",
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"quantmod": "modifier of quantifier",
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"rcmod": "relative clause modifier",
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"relcl": "relative clause modifier",
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"reparandum": "overridden disfluency",
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"root": "root",
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"vocative": "vocative",
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"xcomp": "open clausal complement",
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# Dependency labels (German)
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# TIGER Treebank
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# http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/forschung/ressourcen/korpora/TIGERCorpus/annotation/tiger_introduction.pdf
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# currently missing: 'cc' (comparative complement) because of conflict
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# with English labels
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"ac": "adpositional case marker",
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"adc": "adjective component",
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"ag": "genitive attribute",
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"ams": "measure argument of adjective",
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"app": "apposition",
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"avc": "adverbial phrase component",
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"cd": "coordinating conjunction",
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"cj": "conjunct",
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"cm": "comparative conjunction",
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"cp": "complementizer",
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"cvc": "collocational verb construction",
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"da": "dative",
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"dh": "discourse-level head",
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"dm": "discourse marker",
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"ep": "expletive es",
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"hd": "head",
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"ju": "junctor",
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"mnr": "postnominal modifier",
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"mo": "modifier",
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"ng": "negation",
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"nk": "noun kernel element",
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"nmc": "numerical component",
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"oa": "accusative object",
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"oc": "clausal object",
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"og": "genitive object",
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"op": "prepositional object",
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"par": "parenthetical element",
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"pd": "predicate",
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"pg": "phrasal genitive",
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"ph": "placeholder",
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"pm": "morphological particle",
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"pnc": "proper noun component",
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"rc": "relative clause",
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"re": "repeated element",
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"rs": "reported speech",
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"sb": "subject",
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# Named Entity Recognition
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# OntoNotes 5
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# https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/docs/LDC2013T19/OntoNotes-Release-5.0.pdf
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"PERSON": "People, including fictional",
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"NORP": "Nationalities or religious or political groups",
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"FACILITY": "Buildings, airports, highways, bridges, etc.",
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"FAC": "Buildings, airports, highways, bridges, etc.",
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"ORG": "Companies, agencies, institutions, etc.",
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"GPE": "Countries, cities, states",
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"LOC": "Non-GPE locations, mountain ranges, bodies of water",
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"PRODUCT": "Objects, vehicles, foods, etc. (not services)",
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"EVENT": "Named hurricanes, battles, wars, sports events, etc.",
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"WORK_OF_ART": "Titles of books, songs, etc.",
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"LAW": "Named documents made into laws.",
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"LANGUAGE": "Any named language",
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"DATE": "Absolute or relative dates or periods",
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"TIME": "Times smaller than a day",
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"PERCENT": 'Percentage, including "%"',
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"MONEY": "Monetary values, including unit",
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"QUANTITY": "Measurements, as of weight or distance",
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"ORDINAL": '"first", "second", etc.',
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"CARDINAL": "Numerals that do not fall under another type",
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# Named Entity Recognition
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# Wikipedia
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# http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0004370212000276
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# https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5744/578cc243d92287f47448870bb426c66cc941.pdf
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"PER": "Named person or family.",
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"MISC": "Miscellaneous entities, e.g. events, nationalities, products or works of art",
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}
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