spaCy/spacy/strings.pyx

# cython: infer_types=True
# coding: utf8
from __future__ import unicode_literals, absolute_import

cimport cython
from libc.string cimport memcpy
from libcpp.set cimport set
from libc.stdint cimport uint32_t
from murmurhash.mrmr cimport hash64, hash32
import srsly

from .compat import basestring_
from .symbols import IDS as SYMBOLS_BY_STR
from .symbols import NAMES as SYMBOLS_BY_INT
from .typedefs cimport hash_t
from .errors import Errors
from . import util


def get_string_id(key):
    """Get a string ID, handling the reserved symbols correctly. If the key is
    already an ID, return it.
    
    This function optimises for convenience over performance, so shouldn't be
    used in tight loops.
    """
    if not isinstance(key, basestring_):
        return key
    elif key in SYMBOLS_BY_STR:
        return SYMBOLS_BY_STR[key]
    elif not key:
        return 0
    else:
        chars = key.encode('utf8')
        return hash_utf8(chars, len(chars))


cpdef hash_t hash_string(unicode string) except 0:
    chars = string.encode('utf8')
    return hash_utf8(chars, len(chars))


cdef hash_t hash_utf8(char* utf8_string, int length) nogil:
    return hash64(utf8_string, length, 1)


cdef uint32_t hash32_utf8(char* utf8_string, int length) nogil:
    return hash32(utf8_string, length, 1)


cdef unicode decode_Utf8Str(const Utf8Str* string):
    cdef int i, length
    if string.s[0] < sizeof(string.s) and string.s[0] != 0:
        return string.s[1:string.s[0]+1].decode('utf8')
    elif string.p[0] < 255:
        return string.p[1:string.p[0]+1].decode('utf8')
    else:
        i = 0
        length = 0
        while string.p[i] == 255:
            i += 1
            length += 255
        length += string.p[i]
        i += 1
        return string.p[i:length + i].decode('utf8')


cdef Utf8Str* _allocate(Pool mem, const unsigned char* chars, uint32_t length) except *:
    cdef int n_length_bytes
    cdef int i
    cdef Utf8Str* string = <Utf8Str*>mem.alloc(1, sizeof(Utf8Str))
    cdef uint32_t ulength = length
    if length < sizeof(string.s):
        string.s[0] = <unsigned char>length
        memcpy(&string.s[1], chars, length)
        return string
    elif length < 255:
        string.p = <unsigned char*>mem.alloc(length + 1, sizeof(unsigned char))
        string.p[0] = length
        memcpy(&string.p[1], chars, length)
        return string
    else:
        i = 0
        n_length_bytes = (length // 255) + 1
        string.p = <unsigned char*>mem.alloc(length + n_length_bytes, sizeof(unsigned char))
        for i in range(n_length_bytes-1):
            string.p[i] = 255
        string.p[n_length_bytes-1] = length % 255
        memcpy(&string.p[n_length_bytes], chars, length)
        return string


cdef class StringStore:
    """Look up strings by 64-bit hashes."""
    def __init__(self, strings=None, freeze=False):
        """Create the StringStore.

        strings (iterable): A sequence of unicode strings to add to the store.
        RETURNS (StringStore): The newly constructed object.
        """
        self.mem = Pool()
        self._map = PreshMap()
        if strings is not None:
            for string in strings:
                self.add(string)

    def __getitem__(self, object string_or_id):
        """Retrieve a string from a given hash, or vice versa.

        string_or_id (bytes, unicode or uint64): The value to encode.
        Returns (unicode or uint64): The value to be retrieved.
        """
        if isinstance(string_or_id, basestring) and len(string_or_id) == 0:
            return 0
        elif string_or_id == 0:
            return u''
        elif string_or_id in SYMBOLS_BY_STR:
            return SYMBOLS_BY_STR[string_or_id]
        cdef hash_t key
        if isinstance(string_or_id, unicode):
            key = hash_string(string_or_id)
            return key
        elif isinstance(string_or_id, bytes):
            key = hash_utf8(string_or_id, len(string_or_id))
            return key
        elif string_or_id < len(SYMBOLS_BY_INT):
            return SYMBOLS_BY_INT[string_or_id]
        else:
            key = string_or_id
            self.hits.insert(key)
            utf8str = <Utf8Str*>self._map.get(key)
            if utf8str is NULL:
                raise KeyError(Errors.E018.format(hash_value=string_or_id))
            else:
                return decode_Utf8Str(utf8str)

    def as_int(self, key):
        """If key is an int, return it; otherwise, get the int value."""
        if not isinstance(key, basestring):
            return key
        else:
            return self[key]

    def as_string(self, key):
        """If key is a string, return it; otherwise, get the string value."""
        if isinstance(key, basestring):
            return key
        else:
            return self[key]
 
    def add(self, string):
        """Add a string to the StringStore.

        string (unicode): The string to add.
        RETURNS (uint64): The string's hash value.
        """
        if isinstance(string, unicode):
            if string in SYMBOLS_BY_STR:
                return SYMBOLS_BY_STR[string]
            key = hash_string(string)
            self.intern_unicode(string)
        elif isinstance(string, bytes):
            if string in SYMBOLS_BY_STR:
                return SYMBOLS_BY_STR[string]
            key = hash_utf8(string, len(string))
            self._intern_utf8(string, len(string))
        else:
            raise TypeError(Errors.E017.format(value_type=type(string)))
        return key

    def __len__(self):
        """The number of strings in the store.

        RETURNS (int): The number of strings in the store.
        """
        return self.keys.size()

    def __contains__(self, string not None):
        """Check whether a string is in the store.

        string (unicode): The string to check.
        RETURNS (bool): Whether the store contains the string.
        """
        cdef hash_t key
        if isinstance(string, int) or isinstance(string, long):
            if string == 0:
                return True
            key = string
        elif len(string) == 0:
            return True
        elif string in SYMBOLS_BY_STR:
            return True
        elif isinstance(string, unicode):
            key = hash_string(string)
        else:
            string = string.encode('utf8')
            key = hash_utf8(string, len(string))
        if key < len(SYMBOLS_BY_INT):
            return True
        else:
            self.hits.insert(key)
            return self._map.get(key) is not NULL

    def __iter__(self):
        """Iterate over the strings in the store, in order.

        YIELDS (unicode): A string in the store.
        """
        cdef int i
        cdef hash_t key
        for i in range(self.keys.size()):
            key = self.keys[i]
            self.hits.insert(key)
            utf8str = <Utf8Str*>self._map.get(key)
            yield decode_Utf8Str(utf8str)
        # TODO: Iterate OOV here?

    def __reduce__(self):
        strings = list(self)
        return (StringStore, (strings,), None, None, None)

    def to_disk(self, path):
        """Save the current state to a directory.

        path (unicode or Path): A path to a directory, which will be created if
            it doesn't exist. Paths may be either strings or Path-like objects.
        """
        path = util.ensure_path(path)
        strings = list(self)
        srsly.write_json(path, strings)

    def from_disk(self, path):
        """Loads state from a directory. Modifies the object in place and
        returns it.

        path (unicode or Path): A path to a directory. Paths may be either
            strings or `Path`-like objects.
        RETURNS (StringStore): The modified `StringStore` object.
        """
        path = util.ensure_path(path)
        strings = srsly.read_json(path)
        prev = list(self)
        self._reset_and_load(strings)
        for word in prev:
            self.add(word)
        return self

    def to_bytes(self, **exclude):
        """Serialize the current state to a binary string.

        **exclude: Named attributes to prevent from being serialized.
        RETURNS (bytes): The serialized form of the `StringStore` object.
        """
        return srsly.json_dumps(list(self))

    def from_bytes(self, bytes_data, **exclude):
        """Load state from a binary string.

        bytes_data (bytes): The data to load from.
        **exclude: Named attributes to prevent from being loaded.
        RETURNS (StringStore): The `StringStore` object.
        """
        strings = srsly.json_loads(bytes_data)
        prev = list(self)
        self._reset_and_load(strings)
        for word in prev:
            self.add(word)
        return self

    def _reset_and_load(self, strings):
        self.mem = Pool()
        self._map = PreshMap()
        self.keys.clear()
        self.hits.clear()
        for string in strings:
            self.add(string)

    def _cleanup_stale_strings(self, excepted):
        """
        excepted (list): Strings that should not be removed.
        RETURNS (keys, strings): Dropped strings and keys that can be dropped from other places
        """
        if self.hits.size() == 0:
            # If we don't have any hits, just skip cleanup
            return

        cdef vector[hash_t] tmp
        dropped_strings = []
        dropped_keys = []
        for i in range(self.keys.size()):
            key = self.keys[i]
            # Here we cannot use __getitem__ because it also set hit.
            utf8str = <Utf8Str*>self._map.get(key)
            value = decode_Utf8Str(utf8str)
            if self.hits.count(key) != 0 or value in excepted:
                tmp.push_back(key)
            else:
                dropped_keys.append(key)
                dropped_strings.append(value)

        self.keys.swap(tmp)
        strings = list(self)
        self._reset_and_load(strings)
        # Here we have strings but hits to it should be reseted
        self.hits.clear()

        return dropped_keys, dropped_strings

    cdef const Utf8Str* intern_unicode(self, unicode py_string):
        # 0 means missing, but we don't bother offsetting the index.
        cdef bytes byte_string = py_string.encode('utf8')
        return self._intern_utf8(byte_string, len(byte_string))

    @cython.final
    cdef const Utf8Str* _intern_utf8(self, char* utf8_string, int length):
        # TODO: This function's API/behaviour is an unholy mess...
        # 0 means missing, but we don't bother offsetting the index.
        cdef hash_t key = hash_utf8(utf8_string, length)
        cdef Utf8Str* value = <Utf8Str*>self._map.get(key)
        if value is not NULL:
            return value
        value = _allocate(self.mem, <unsigned char*>utf8_string, length)
        self._map.set(key, value)
        self.hits.insert(key)
        self.keys.push_back(key)
        return value