👷 Add pre-commit (#1336)

* 🔧 Add pre-commit config

Similar to graphene and graphene-sqlalchemy

* ⬆ Bump black

* 👷 Lint on CI

* ⬆ Bump flake8-black

* 🔧 Keep excluding migrations

* ⬆ Bump flake8

* 🔧 Remove black and flake8 from tox config

* ⬆ Update pre-commit versions

* Upgrade syntax to python 3.7+

* Format with pre-commit

dedent docs/schema.py to allow formatting

* Fix tests on python 3.7

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
         pip install tox
-    - name: Run lint 💅
+    - name: Run pre-commit 💅
       run: tox
       env:
-        TOXENV: flake8
+        TOXENV: pre-commit

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+default_language_version:
+  python: python3.9
+repos:
+-   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v4.3.0
+    hooks:
+    -   id: check-merge-conflict
+    -   id: check-json
+    -   id: check-yaml
+    -   id: debug-statements
+    -   id: end-of-file-fixer
+        exclude: ^docs/.*$
+    -   id: pretty-format-json
+        args:
+        - --autofix
+    -   id: trailing-whitespace
+        exclude: README.md
+-   repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
+    rev: v2.37.3
+    hooks:
+    -   id: pyupgrade
+        args: [--py37-plus]
+-   repo: https://github.com/psf/black
+    rev: 22.6.0
+    hooks:
+    -   id: black
+-   repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
+    rev: 5.0.4
+    hooks:
+    -   id: flake8

Makefile

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ tests:
 
 .PHONY: format ## Format code
 format:
-	black --exclude "/migrations/" graphene_django examples setup.py
+	black graphene_django examples setup.py
 
 .PHONY: lint ## Lint code
 lint:

docs/schema.py

@@ -8,25 +8,22 @@
 class CategoryType(DjangoObjectType):
     class Meta:
         model = Category
-          fields = '__all__'
+        fields = "__all__"
 
 
 class IngredientType(DjangoObjectType):
     class Meta:
         model = Ingredient
-          fields = '__all__'
+        fields = "__all__"
 
 
-  class Query(object):
+class Query:
-      category = graphene.Field(CategoryType,
+    category = graphene.Field(CategoryType, id=graphene.Int(), name=graphene.String())
-                                id=graphene.Int(),
-                                name=graphene.String())
     all_categories = graphene.List(CategoryType)
 
-
+    ingredient = graphene.Field(
-      ingredient = graphene.Field(IngredientType,
+        IngredientType, id=graphene.Int(), name=graphene.String()
-                                  id=graphene.Int(),
+    )
-                                  name=graphene.String())
     all_ingredients = graphene.List(IngredientType)
 
     def resolve_all_categories(self, info, **kwargs):
@@ -36,8 +33,8 @@
         return Ingredient.objects.all()
 
     def resolve_category(self, info, **kwargs):
-          id = kwargs.get('id')
+        id = kwargs.get("id")
-          name = kwargs.get('name')
+        name = kwargs.get("name")
 
         if id is not None:
             return Category.objects.get(pk=id)
@@ -48,8 +45,8 @@
         return None
 
     def resolve_ingredient(self, info, **kwargs):
-          id = kwargs.get('id')
+        id = kwargs.get("id")
-          name = kwargs.get('name')
+        name = kwargs.get("name")
 
         if id is not None:
             return Ingredient.objects.get(pk=id)

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/fixtures/ingredients.json

@@ -1 +1,52 @@
-[{"model": "ingredients.category", "pk": 1, "fields": {"name": "Dairy"}}, {"model": "ingredients.category", "pk": 2, "fields": {"name": "Meat"}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 1, "fields": {"name": "Eggs", "notes": "Good old eggs", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 2, "fields": {"name": "Milk", "notes": "Comes from a cow", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 3, "fields": {"name": "Beef", "notes": "Much like milk, this comes from a cow", "category": 2}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 4, "fields": {"name": "Chicken", "notes": "Definitely doesn't come from a cow", "category": 2}}]
+[
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "name": "Dairy"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.category",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "name": "Meat"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.category",
+    "pk": 2
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Eggs",
+      "notes": "Good old eggs"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Milk",
+      "notes": "Comes from a cow"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 2
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 2,
+      "name": "Beef",
+      "notes": "Much like milk, this comes from a cow"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 3
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 2,
+      "name": "Chicken",
+      "notes": "Definitely doesn't come from a cow"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 4
+  }
+]

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2015-12-04 18:15
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models
@@ -10,24 +8,46 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
 
     initial = True
 
-    dependencies = [
+    dependencies = []
-    ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Category',
+            name="Category",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                (
-                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True,
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("name", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
             ],
         ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Ingredient',
+            name="Ingredient",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                (
-                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                    "id",
-                ('notes', models.TextField()),
+                    models.AutoField(
-                ('category', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='ingredients', to='ingredients.Category')),
+                        auto_created=True,
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("name", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                ("notes", models.TextField()),
+                (
+                    "category",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
+                        related_name="ingredients",
+                        to="ingredients.Category",
+                    ),
+                ),
             ],
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/migrations/0002_auto_20161104_0050.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2016-11-04 00:50
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
@@ -8,13 +6,13 @@ from django.db import migrations, models
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
 
     dependencies = [
-        ('ingredients', '0001_initial'),
+        ("ingredients", "0001_initial"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name='ingredient',
+            model_name="ingredient",
-            name='notes',
+            name="notes",
             field=models.TextField(blank=True, null=True),
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/migrations/0003_auto_20181018_1746.py

@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ from django.db import migrations
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
 
     dependencies = [
-        ('ingredients', '0002_auto_20161104_0050'),
+        ("ingredients", "0002_auto_20161104_0050"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.AlterModelOptions(
-            name='category',
+            name="category",
-            options={'verbose_name_plural': 'Categories'},
+            options={"verbose_name_plural": "Categories"},
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/schema.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class IngredientType(DjangoObjectType):
         fields = "__all__"
 
 
-class Query(object):
+class Query:
     category = graphene.Field(CategoryType, id=graphene.Int(), name=graphene.String())
     all_categories = graphene.List(CategoryType)
 

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/recipes/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2015-12-04 18:20
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models
@@ -11,26 +9,62 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
     initial = True
 
     dependencies = [
-        ('ingredients', '0001_initial'),
+        ("ingredients", "0001_initial"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Recipe',
+            name="Recipe",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                (
-                ('title', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                    "id",
-                ('instructions', models.TextField()),
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True,
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("title", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                ("instructions", models.TextField()),
             ],
         ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='RecipeIngredient',
+            name="RecipeIngredient",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                (
-                ('amount', models.FloatField()),
+                    "id",
-                ('unit', models.CharField(choices=[('kg', 'Kilograms'), ('l', 'Litres'), ('', 'Units')], max_length=20)),
+                    models.AutoField(
-                ('ingredient', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='used_by', to='ingredients.Ingredient')),
+                        auto_created=True,
-                ('recipes', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='amounts', to='recipes.Recipe')),
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("amount", models.FloatField()),
+                (
+                    "unit",
+                    models.CharField(
+                        choices=[("kg", "Kilograms"), ("l", "Litres"), ("", "Units")],
+                        max_length=20,
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "ingredient",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
+                        related_name="used_by",
+                        to="ingredients.Ingredient",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "recipes",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
+                        related_name="amounts",
+                        to="recipes.Recipe",
+                    ),
+                ),
             ],
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/recipes/migrations/0002_auto_20161104_0106.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2016-11-04 01:06
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
@@ -8,18 +6,26 @@ from django.db import migrations, models
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
 
     dependencies = [
-        ('recipes', '0001_initial'),
+        ("recipes", "0001_initial"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.RenameField(
-            model_name='recipeingredient',
+            model_name="recipeingredient",
-            old_name='recipes',
+            old_name="recipes",
-            new_name='recipe',
+            new_name="recipe",
         ),
         migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name='recipeingredient',
+            model_name="recipeingredient",
-            name='unit',
+            name="unit",
-            field=models.CharField(choices=[(b'unit', b'Units'), (b'kg', b'Kilograms'), (b'l', b'Litres'), (b'st', b'Shots')], max_length=20),
+            field=models.CharField(
+                choices=[
+                    (b"unit", b"Units"),
+                    (b"kg", b"Kilograms"),
+                    (b"l", b"Litres"),
+                    (b"st", b"Shots"),
+                ],
+                max_length=20,
+            ),
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/recipes/migrations/0003_auto_20181018_1728.py

@@ -6,13 +6,21 @@ from django.db import migrations, models
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
 
     dependencies = [
-        ('recipes', '0002_auto_20161104_0106'),
+        ("recipes", "0002_auto_20161104_0106"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name='recipeingredient',
+            model_name="recipeingredient",
-            name='unit',
+            name="unit",
-            field=models.CharField(choices=[('unit', 'Units'), ('kg', 'Kilograms'), ('l', 'Litres'), ('st', 'Shots')], max_length=20),
+            field=models.CharField(
+                choices=[
+                    ("unit", "Units"),
+                    ("kg", "Kilograms"),
+                    ("l", "Litres"),
+                    ("st", "Shots"),
+                ],
+                max_length=20,
+            ),
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/recipes/schema.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class RecipeIngredientType(DjangoObjectType):
         fields = "__all__"
 
 
-class Query(object):
+class Query:
     recipe = graphene.Field(RecipeType, id=graphene.Int(), title=graphene.String())
     all_recipes = graphene.List(RecipeType)
 

examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/fixtures/ingredients.json

@@ -1 +1,52 @@
-[{"model": "ingredients.category", "pk": 1, "fields": {"name": "Dairy"}}, {"model": "ingredients.category", "pk": 2, "fields": {"name": "Meat"}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 1, "fields": {"name": "Eggs", "notes": "Good old eggs", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 2, "fields": {"name": "Milk", "notes": "Comes from a cow", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 3, "fields": {"name": "Beef", "notes": "Much like milk, this comes from a cow", "category": 2}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 4, "fields": {"name": "Chicken", "notes": "Definitely doesn't come from a cow", "category": 2}}]
+[
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "name": "Dairy"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.category",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "name": "Meat"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.category",
+    "pk": 2
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Eggs",
+      "notes": "Good old eggs"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Milk",
+      "notes": "Comes from a cow"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 2
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 2,
+      "name": "Beef",
+      "notes": "Much like milk, this comes from a cow"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 3
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 2,
+      "name": "Chicken",
+      "notes": "Definitely doesn't come from a cow"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 4
+  }
+]

examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2015-12-04 18:15
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models
@@ -10,24 +8,46 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
 
     initial = True
 
-    dependencies = [
+    dependencies = []
-    ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Category',
+            name="Category",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                (
-                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True,
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("name", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
             ],
         ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Ingredient',
+            name="Ingredient",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                (
-                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                    "id",
-                ('notes', models.TextField()),
+                    models.AutoField(
-                ('category', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='ingredients', to='ingredients.Category')),
+                        auto_created=True,
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("name", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                ("notes", models.TextField()),
+                (
+                    "category",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
+                        related_name="ingredients",
+                        to="ingredients.Category",
+                    ),
+                ),
             ],
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/migrations/0002_auto_20161104_0050.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2016-11-04 00:50
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
@@ -8,13 +6,13 @@ from django.db import migrations, models
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
 
     dependencies = [
-        ('ingredients', '0001_initial'),
+        ("ingredients", "0001_initial"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name='ingredient',
+            model_name="ingredient",
-            name='notes',
+            name="notes",
             field=models.TextField(blank=True, null=True),
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/schema.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class IngredientNode(DjangoObjectType):
         }
 
 
-class Query(object):
+class Query:
     category = Node.Field(CategoryNode)
     all_categories = DjangoFilterConnectionField(CategoryNode)
 

examples/cookbook/cookbook/recipes/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2015-12-04 18:20
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models
@@ -11,26 +9,62 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
     initial = True
 
     dependencies = [
-        ('ingredients', '0001_initial'),
+        ("ingredients", "0001_initial"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Recipe',
+            name="Recipe",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                (
-                ('title', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                    "id",
-                ('instructions', models.TextField()),
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True,
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("title", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                ("instructions", models.TextField()),
             ],
         ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='RecipeIngredient',
+            name="RecipeIngredient",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                (
-                ('amount', models.FloatField()),
+                    "id",
-                ('unit', models.CharField(choices=[('kg', 'Kilograms'), ('l', 'Litres'), ('', 'Units')], max_length=20)),
+                    models.AutoField(
-                ('ingredient', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='used_by', to='ingredients.Ingredient')),
+                        auto_created=True,
-                ('recipes', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='amounts', to='recipes.Recipe')),
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("amount", models.FloatField()),
+                (
+                    "unit",
+                    models.CharField(
+                        choices=[("kg", "Kilograms"), ("l", "Litres"), ("", "Units")],
+                        max_length=20,
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "ingredient",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
+                        related_name="used_by",
+                        to="ingredients.Ingredient",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "recipes",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
+                        related_name="amounts",
+                        to="recipes.Recipe",
+                    ),
+                ),
             ],
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook/cookbook/recipes/migrations/0002_auto_20161104_0106.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2016-11-04 01:06
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
@@ -8,18 +6,26 @@ from django.db import migrations, models
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
 
     dependencies = [
-        ('recipes', '0001_initial'),
+        ("recipes", "0001_initial"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.RenameField(
-            model_name='recipeingredient',
+            model_name="recipeingredient",
-            old_name='recipes',
+            old_name="recipes",
-            new_name='recipe',
+            new_name="recipe",
         ),
         migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name='recipeingredient',
+            model_name="recipeingredient",
-            name='unit',
+            name="unit",
-            field=models.CharField(choices=[(b'unit', b'Units'), (b'kg', b'Kilograms'), (b'l', b'Litres'), (b'st', b'Shots')], max_length=20),
+            field=models.CharField(
+                choices=[
+                    (b"unit", b"Units"),
+                    (b"kg", b"Kilograms"),
+                    (b"l", b"Litres"),
+                    (b"st", b"Shots"),
+                ],
+                max_length=20,
+            ),
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook/cookbook/recipes/schema.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class RecipeIngredientNode(DjangoObjectType):
         }
 
 
-class Query(object):
+class Query:
     recipe = Node.Field(RecipeNode)
     all_recipes = DjangoFilterConnectionField(RecipeNode)
 

examples/cookbook/dummy_data.json

@@ -1 +1,302 @@
-[{"model": "auth.user", "pk": 1, "fields": {"password": "pbkdf2_sha256$24000$0SgBlSlnbv5c$ijVQipm2aNDlcrTL8Qi3SVNHphTm4HIsDfUi4kn9tog=", "last_login": "2016-11-04T00:46:58Z", "is_superuser": true, "username": "admin", "first_name": "", "last_name": "", "email": "asdf@example.com", "is_staff": true, "is_active": true, "date_joined": "2016-11-03T18:24:40Z", "groups": [], "user_permissions": []}}, {"model": "recipes.recipe", "pk": 1, "fields": {"title": "Cheerios With a Shot of Vermouth", "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipe", "pk": 2, "fields": {"title": "Quail Eggs in Whipped Cream and MSG", "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipe", "pk": 3, "fields": {"title": "Deep Fried Skittles", "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipe", "pk": 4, "fields": {"title": "Newt ala Doritos", "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipe", "pk": 5, "fields": {"title": "Fruit Salad", "instructions": "Chop up and add together"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 1, "fields": {"recipes": 5, "ingredient": 9, "amount": 1.0, "unit": "unit"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 2, "fields": {"recipes": 5, "ingredient": 10, "amount": 2.0, "unit": "unit"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 3, "fields": {"recipes": 5, "ingredient": 7, "amount": 3.0, "unit": "unit"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 4, "fields": {"recipes": 5, "ingredient": 8, "amount": 4.0, "unit": "unit"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 5, "fields": {"recipes": 4, "ingredient": 5, "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kg"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 6, "fields": {"recipes": 4, "ingredient": 6, "amount": 2.0, "unit": "l"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 7, "fields": {"recipes": 3, "ingredient": 4, "amount": 1.0, "unit": "unit"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 8, "fields": {"recipes": 2, "ingredient": 2, "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kg"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 9, "fields": {"recipes": 2, "ingredient": 11, "amount": 2.0, "unit": "l"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 10, "fields": {"recipes": 2, "ingredient": 12, "amount": 3.0, "unit": "st"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 11, "fields": {"recipes": 1, "ingredient": 1, "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kg"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 12, "fields": {"recipes": 1, "ingredient": 3, "amount": 1.0, "unit": "st"}}, {"model": "ingredients.category", "pk": 1, "fields": {"name": "fruit"}}, {"model": "ingredients.category", "pk": 3, "fields": {"name": "xkcd"}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 1, "fields": {"name": "Cheerios", "notes": "this is a note", "category": 3}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 2, "fields": {"name": "Quail Eggs", "notes": "has more notes", "category": 3}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 3, "fields": {"name": "Vermouth", "notes": "", "category": 3}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 4, "fields": {"name": "Skittles", "notes": "", "category": 3}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 5, "fields": {"name": "Newt", "notes": "Braised and Confuesd", "category": 3}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 6, "fields": {"name": "Doritos", "notes": "Crushed", "category": 3}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 7, "fields": {"name": "Apple", "notes": "", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 8, "fields": {"name": "Orange", "notes": "", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 9, "fields": {"name": "Banana", "notes": "", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 10, "fields": {"name": "Grapes", "notes": "", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 11, "fields": {"name": "Whipped Cream", "notes": "", "category": 3}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 12, "fields": {"name": "MSG", "notes": "", "category": 3}}]
+[
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "date_joined": "2016-11-03T18:24:40Z",
+      "email": "asdf@example.com",
+      "first_name": "",
+      "groups": [],
+      "is_active": true,
+      "is_staff": true,
+      "is_superuser": true,
+      "last_login": "2016-11-04T00:46:58Z",
+      "last_name": "",
+      "password": "pbkdf2_sha256$24000$0SgBlSlnbv5c$ijVQipm2aNDlcrTL8Qi3SVNHphTm4HIsDfUi4kn9tog=",
+      "user_permissions": [],
+      "username": "admin"
+    },
+    "model": "auth.user",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/",
+      "title": "Cheerios With a Shot of Vermouth"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipe",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/",
+      "title": "Quail Eggs in Whipped Cream and MSG"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipe",
+    "pk": 2
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/",
+      "title": "Deep Fried Skittles"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipe",
+    "pk": 3
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/",
+      "title": "Newt ala Doritos"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipe",
+    "pk": 4
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "instructions": "Chop up and add together",
+      "title": "Fruit Salad"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipe",
+    "pk": 5
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 1.0,
+      "ingredient": 9,
+      "recipes": 5,
+      "unit": "unit"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 2.0,
+      "ingredient": 10,
+      "recipes": 5,
+      "unit": "unit"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 2
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 3.0,
+      "ingredient": 7,
+      "recipes": 5,
+      "unit": "unit"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 3
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 4.0,
+      "ingredient": 8,
+      "recipes": 5,
+      "unit": "unit"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 4
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 1.0,
+      "ingredient": 5,
+      "recipes": 4,
+      "unit": "kg"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 5
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 2.0,
+      "ingredient": 6,
+      "recipes": 4,
+      "unit": "l"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 6
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 1.0,
+      "ingredient": 4,
+      "recipes": 3,
+      "unit": "unit"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 7
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 1.0,
+      "ingredient": 2,
+      "recipes": 2,
+      "unit": "kg"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 8
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 2.0,
+      "ingredient": 11,
+      "recipes": 2,
+      "unit": "l"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 9
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 3.0,
+      "ingredient": 12,
+      "recipes": 2,
+      "unit": "st"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 10
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 1.0,
+      "ingredient": 1,
+      "recipes": 1,
+      "unit": "kg"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 11
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 1.0,
+      "ingredient": 3,
+      "recipes": 1,
+      "unit": "st"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 12
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "name": "fruit"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.category",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "name": "xkcd"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.category",
+    "pk": 3
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "Cheerios",
+      "notes": "this is a note"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "Quail Eggs",
+      "notes": "has more notes"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 2
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "Vermouth",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 3
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "Skittles",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 4
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "Newt",
+      "notes": "Braised and Confuesd"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 5
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "Doritos",
+      "notes": "Crushed"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 6
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Apple",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 7
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Orange",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 8
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Banana",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 9
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Grapes",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 10
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "Whipped Cream",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 11
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "MSG",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 12
+  }
+]

examples/starwars/models.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-
 from django.db import models
 
 

graphene_django/compat.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class MissingType(object):
+class MissingType:
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         pass
 

graphene_django/converter.py

@@ -74,8 +74,7 @@ def get_choices(choices):
         choices = choices.items()
     for value, help_text in choices:
         if isinstance(help_text, (tuple, list)):
-            for choice in get_choices(help_text):
+            yield from get_choices(help_text)
-                yield choice
         else:
             name = convert_choice_name(value)
             while name in converted_names:
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ def convert_choices_to_named_enum_with_descriptions(name, choices):
     named_choices = [(c[0], c[1]) for c in choices]
     named_choices_descriptions = {c[0]: c[2] for c in choices}
 
-    class EnumWithDescriptionsType(object):
+    class EnumWithDescriptionsType:
         @property
         def description(self):
             return str(named_choices_descriptions[self.name])
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ def generate_enum_name(django_model_meta, field):
         )
         name = custom_func(field)
     elif graphene_settings.DJANGO_CHOICE_FIELD_ENUM_V2_NAMING is True:
-        name = to_camel_case("{}_{}".format(django_model_meta.object_name, field.name))
+        name = to_camel_case(f"{django_model_meta.object_name}_{field.name}")
     else:
         name = "{app_label}{object_name}{field_name}Choices".format(
             app_label=to_camel_case(django_model_meta.app_label.title()),
@@ -155,7 +154,9 @@ def get_django_field_description(field):
 @singledispatch
 def convert_django_field(field, registry=None):
     raise Exception(
-        "Don't know how to convert the Django field %s (%s)" % (field, field.__class__)
+        "Don't know how to convert the Django field {} ({})".format(
+            field, field.__class__
+        )
     )
 
 

graphene_django/debug/middleware.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from .exception.formating import wrap_exception
 from .types import DjangoDebug
 
 
-class DjangoDebugContext(object):
+class DjangoDebugContext:
     def __init__(self):
         self.debug_promise = None
         self.promises = []
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class DjangoDebugContext(object):
             unwrap_cursor(connection)
 
 
-class DjangoDebugMiddleware(object):
+class DjangoDebugMiddleware:
     def resolve(self, next, root, info, **args):
         context = info.context
         django_debug = getattr(context, "django_debug", None)

graphene_django/debug/sql/tracking.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # Code obtained from django-debug-toolbar sql panel tracking
-from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
 
 import json
 from threading import local
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ def unwrap_cursor(connection):
         del connection._graphene_cursor
 
 
-class ExceptionCursorWrapper(object):
+class ExceptionCursorWrapper:
     """
     Wraps a cursor and raises an exception on any operation.
     Used in Templates panel.
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ class ExceptionCursorWrapper(object):
         raise SQLQueryTriggered()
 
 
-class NormalCursorWrapper(object):
+class NormalCursorWrapper:
     """
     Wraps a cursor and logs queries.
     """
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ class NormalCursorWrapper(object):
         if not params:
             return params
         if isinstance(params, dict):
-            return dict((key, self._quote_expr(value)) for key, value in params.items())
+            return {key: self._quote_expr(value) for key, value in params.items()}
         return list(map(self._quote_expr, params))
 
     def _decode(self, param):

graphene_django/debug/tests/test_query.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from ..middleware import DjangoDebugMiddleware
 from ..types import DjangoDebug
 
 
-class context(object):
+class context:
     pass
 
 

graphene_django/fields.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class DjangoListField(Field):
             _type = _type.of_type
 
         # Django would never return a Set of None  vvvvvvv
-        super(DjangoListField, self).__init__(List(NonNull(_type)), *args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(List(NonNull(_type)), *args, **kwargs)
 
         assert issubclass(
             self._underlying_type, DjangoObjectType
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class DjangoListField(Field):
         return queryset
 
     def wrap_resolve(self, parent_resolver):
-        resolver = super(DjangoListField, self).wrap_resolve(parent_resolver)
+        resolver = super().wrap_resolve(parent_resolver)
         _type = self.type
         if isinstance(_type, NonNull):
             _type = _type.of_type
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class DjangoConnectionField(ConnectionField):
             graphene_settings.RELAY_CONNECTION_ENFORCE_FIRST_OR_LAST,
         )
         kwargs.setdefault("offset", Int())
-        super(DjangoConnectionField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
     @property
     def type(self):

graphene_django/filter/fields.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class DjangoFilterConnectionField(DjangoConnectionField):
         self._filtering_args = None
         self._extra_filter_meta = extra_filter_meta
         self._base_args = None
-        super(DjangoFilterConnectionField, self).__init__(type_, *args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(type_, *args, **kwargs)
 
     @property
     def args(self):
@@ -90,9 +90,7 @@ class DjangoFilterConnectionField(DjangoConnectionField):
                     kwargs[k] = convert_enum(v)
             return kwargs
 
-        qs = super(DjangoFilterConnectionField, cls).resolve_queryset(
+        qs = super().resolve_queryset(connection, iterable, info, args)
-            connection, iterable, info, args
-        )
 
         filterset = filterset_class(
             data=filter_kwargs(), queryset=qs, request=info.context

graphene_django/filter/filters/array_filter.py

@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ class ArrayFilter(TypedFilter):
             return qs
         if self.distinct:
             qs = qs.distinct()
-        lookup = "%s__%s" % (self.field_name, self.lookup_expr)
+        lookup = f"{self.field_name}__{self.lookup_expr}"
         qs = self.get_method(qs)(**{lookup: value})
         return qs

graphene_django/filter/filters/global_id_filter.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class GlobalIDFilter(Filter):
         _id = None
         if value is not None:
             _, _id = from_global_id(value)
-        return super(GlobalIDFilter, self).filter(qs, _id)
+        return super().filter(qs, _id)
 
 
 class GlobalIDMultipleChoiceFilter(MultipleChoiceFilter):
@@ -25,4 +25,4 @@ class GlobalIDMultipleChoiceFilter(MultipleChoiceFilter):
 
     def filter(self, qs, value):
         gids = [from_global_id(v)[1] for v in value]
-        return super(GlobalIDMultipleChoiceFilter, self).filter(qs, gids)
+        return super().filter(qs, gids)

graphene_django/filter/filters/list_filter.py

@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ class ListFilter(TypedFilter):
             else:
                 return qs.none()
         else:
-            return super(ListFilter, self).filter(qs, value)
+            return super().filter(qs, value)

graphene_django/filter/filters/typed_filter.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class TypedFilter(Filter):
 
     def __init__(self, input_type=None, *args, **kwargs):
         self._input_type = input_type
-        super(TypedFilter, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
     @property
     def input_type(self):

graphene_django/filter/filterset.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class GrapheneFilterSetMixin(BaseFilterSet):
 def setup_filterset(filterset_class):
     """Wrap a provided filterset in Graphene-specific functionality"""
     return type(
-        "Graphene{}".format(filterset_class.__name__),
+        f"Graphene{filterset_class.__name__}",
         (filterset_class, GrapheneFilterSetMixin),
         {},
     )
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def setup_filterset(filterset_class):
 def custom_filterset_factory(model, filterset_base_class=FilterSet, **meta):
     """Create a filterset for the given model using the provided meta data"""
     meta.update({"model": model})
-    meta_class = type(str("Meta"), (object,), meta)
+    meta_class = type("Meta", (object,), meta)
     filterset = type(
         str("%sFilterSet" % model._meta.object_name),
         (filterset_base_class, GrapheneFilterSetMixin),

graphene_django/filter/tests/conftest.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from mock import MagicMock
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 import pytest
 
 from django.db import models

graphene_django/filter/tests/test_fields.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def assert_arguments(field, *arguments):
     actual = [name for name in args if name not in ignore and not name.startswith("_")]
     assert set(arguments) == set(
         actual
-    ), "Expected arguments ({}) did not match actual ({})".format(arguments, actual)
+    ), f"Expected arguments ({arguments}) did not match actual ({actual})"
 
 
 def assert_orderable(field):
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ def test_filter_shortcut_filterset_context():
 
         @property
         def qs(self):
-            qs = super(ArticleContextFilter, self).qs
+            qs = super().qs
             return qs.filter(reporter=self.request.reporter)
 
     class Query(ObjectType):
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ def test_filter_shortcut_filterset_context():
         editor=r2,
     )
 
-    class context(object):
+    class context:
         reporter = r2
 
     query = """

graphene_django/filter/tests/test_in_filter.py

@@ -349,19 +349,19 @@ def test_fk_id_in_filter(query):
     schema = Schema(query=query)
 
     query = """
-    query {
+    query {{
-        articles (reporter_In: [%s, %s]) {
+        articles (reporter_In: [{}, {}]) {{
-            edges {
+            edges {{
-                node {
+                node {{
                     headline
-                    reporter {
+                    reporter {{
                         lastName
-                    }
+                    }}
-                }
+                }}
-            }
+            }}
-        }
+        }}
-    }
+    }}
-    """ % (
+    """.format(
         john_doe.id,
         jean_bon.id,
     )

graphene_django/filter/tests/test_typed_filter.py

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ def test_typed_filter_schema(schema):
     )
 
     for filter_field, gql_type in filters.items():
-        assert "{}: {}".format(filter_field, gql_type) in all_articles_filters
+        assert f"{filter_field}: {gql_type}" in all_articles_filters
 
 
 def test_typed_filters_work(schema):

graphene_django/forms/mutation.py

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class DjangoFormMutation(BaseDjangoFormMutation):
         _meta.fields = yank_fields_from_attrs(output_fields, _as=Field)
 
         input_fields = yank_fields_from_attrs(input_fields, _as=InputField)
-        super(DjangoFormMutation, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
+        super().__init_subclass_with_meta__(
             _meta=_meta, input_fields=input_fields, **options
         )
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class DjangoModelFormMutation(BaseDjangoFormMutation):
         return_field_name=None,
         only_fields=(),
         exclude_fields=(),
-        **options
+        **options,
     ):
 
         if not form_class:
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class DjangoModelFormMutation(BaseDjangoFormMutation):
         registry = get_global_registry()
         model_type = registry.get_type_for_model(model)
         if not model_type:
-            raise Exception("No type registered for model: {}".format(model.__name__))
+            raise Exception(f"No type registered for model: {model.__name__}")
 
         if not return_field_name:
             model_name = model.__name__
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class DjangoModelFormMutation(BaseDjangoFormMutation):
         _meta.fields = yank_fields_from_attrs(output_fields, _as=Field)
 
         input_fields = yank_fields_from_attrs(input_fields, _as=InputField)
-        super(DjangoModelFormMutation, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
+        super().__init_subclass_with_meta__(
             _meta=_meta, input_fields=input_fields, **options
         )
 

graphene_django/management/commands/graphql_schema.py

@@ -73,16 +73,12 @@ class Command(CommandArguments):
             elif file_extension == ".json":
                 self.save_json_file(out, schema_dict, indent)
             else:
-                raise CommandError(
+                raise CommandError(f'Unrecognised file format "{file_extension}"')
-                    'Unrecognised file format "{}"'.format(file_extension)
-                )
 
             style = getattr(self, "style", None)
             success = getattr(style, "SUCCESS", lambda x: x)
 
-            self.stdout.write(
+            self.stdout.write(success(f"Successfully dumped GraphQL schema to {out}"))
-                success("Successfully dumped GraphQL schema to {}".format(out))
-            )
 
     def handle(self, *args, **options):
         options_schema = options.get("schema")

graphene_django/registry.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-class Registry(object):
+class Registry:
     def __init__(self):
         self._registry = {}
         self._field_registry = {}

graphene_django/rest_framework/mutation.py

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class SerializerMutation(ClientIDMutation):
         _meta.fields = yank_fields_from_attrs(output_fields, _as=Field)
 
         input_fields = yank_fields_from_attrs(input_fields, _as=InputField)
-        super(SerializerMutation, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
+        super().__init_subclass_with_meta__(
             _meta=_meta, input_fields=input_fields, **options
         )
 

graphene_django/rest_framework/serializer_converter.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def convert_serializer_to_input_type(serializer_class):
         for name, field in serializer.fields.items()
     }
     ret_type = type(
-        "{}Input".format(serializer.__class__.__name__),
+        f"{serializer.__class__.__name__}Input",
         (graphene.InputObjectType,),
         items,
     )

graphene_django/settings.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ This module provides the `graphene_settings` object, that is used to access
 Graphene settings, checking for user settings first, then falling
 back to the defaults.
 """
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.test.signals import setting_changed
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ def import_from_string(val, setting_name):
         module = importlib.import_module(module_path)
         return getattr(module, class_name)
     except (ImportError, AttributeError) as e:
-        msg = "Could not import '%s' for Graphene setting '%s'. %s: %s." % (
+        msg = "Could not import '{}' for Graphene setting '{}'. {}: {}.".format(
             val,
             setting_name,
             e.__class__.__name__,
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ def import_from_string(val, setting_name):
         raise ImportError(msg)
 
 
-class GrapheneSettings(object):
+class GrapheneSettings:
     """
     A settings object, that allows API settings to be accessed as properties.
     For example:

graphene_django/tests/models.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-
 from django.db import models
 from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
 
@@ -37,7 +35,7 @@ class Film(models.Model):
 
 class DoeReporterManager(models.Manager):
     def get_queryset(self):
-        return super(DoeReporterManager, self).get_queryset().filter(last_name="Doe")
+        return super().get_queryset().filter(last_name="Doe")
 
 
 class Reporter(models.Model):
@@ -57,7 +55,7 @@ class Reporter(models.Model):
     )
 
     def __str__(self):  # __unicode__ on Python 2
-        return "%s %s" % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
+        return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}"
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """
@@ -67,7 +65,7 @@ class Reporter(models.Model):
         when a CNNReporter is pulled from the database, it is still
         of type Reporter. This was added to test proxy model support.
         """
-        super(Reporter, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         if self.reporter_type == 2:  # quick and dirty way without enums
             self.__class__ = CNNReporter
 
@@ -77,7 +75,7 @@ class Reporter(models.Model):
 
 class CNNReporterManager(models.Manager):
     def get_queryset(self):
-        return super(CNNReporterManager, self).get_queryset().filter(reporter_type=2)
+        return super().get_queryset().filter(reporter_type=2)
 
 
 class CNNReporter(Reporter):

graphene_django/tests/test_command.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from textwrap import dedent
 
 from django.core import management
 from io import StringIO
-from mock import mock_open, patch
+from unittest.mock import mock_open, patch
 
 from graphene import ObjectType, Schema, String
 

graphene_django/tests/test_query.py

@@ -1151,9 +1151,9 @@ def test_connection_should_limit_after_to_list_length():
 
 REPORTERS = [
     dict(
-        first_name="First {}".format(i),
+        first_name=f"First {i}",
-        last_name="Last {}".format(i),
+        last_name=f"Last {i}",
-        email="johndoe+{}@example.com".format(i),
+        email=f"johndoe+{i}@example.com",
         a_choice=1,
     )
     for i in range(6)

graphene_django/tests/test_types.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from textwrap import dedent
 
 import pytest
 from django.db import models
-from mock import patch
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 from graphene import Connection, Field, Interface, ObjectType, Schema, String
 from graphene.relay import Node
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def test_django_objecttype_with_custom_meta():
         @classmethod
         def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, **options):
             options.setdefault("_meta", ArticleTypeOptions(cls))
-            super(ArticleType, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(**options)
+            super().__init_subclass_with_meta__(**options)
 
     class Article(ArticleType):
         class Meta:
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ def test_django_objecttype_neither_fields_nor_exclude():
 
 
 def custom_enum_name(field):
-    return "CustomEnum{}".format(field.name.title())
+    return f"CustomEnum{field.name.title()}"
 
 
 class TestDjangoObjectType:

graphene_django/tests/test_utils.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import json
 
 import pytest
 from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy
-from mock import patch
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 from ..utils import camelize, get_model_fields, GraphQLTestCase
 from .models import Film, Reporter
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ from ..utils.testing import graphql_query
 
 def test_get_model_fields_no_duplication():
     reporter_fields = get_model_fields(Reporter)
-    reporter_name_set = set([field[0] for field in reporter_fields])
+    reporter_name_set = {field[0] for field in reporter_fields}
     assert len(reporter_fields) == len(reporter_name_set)
 
     film_fields = get_model_fields(Film)
-    film_name_set = set([field[0] for field in film_fields])
+    film_name_set = {field[0] for field in film_fields}
     assert len(film_fields) == len(film_name_set)
 
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def test_graphql_test_case_operation_name(post_mock):
     tc._pre_setup()
     tc.setUpClass()
     tc.query("query { }", operation_name="QueryName")
-    body = json.loads(post_mock.call_args.args[1])
+    body = json.loads(post_mock.call_args[0][1])
     # `operationName` field from https://graphql.org/learn/serving-over-http/#post-request
     assert (
         "operationName",
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def test_graphql_test_case_operation_name(post_mock):
 @patch("graphene_django.utils.testing.Client.post")
 def test_graphql_query_case_operation_name(post_mock):
     graphql_query("query { }", operation_name="QueryName")
-    body = json.loads(post_mock.call_args.args[1])
+    body = json.loads(post_mock.call_args[0][1])
     # `operationName` field from https://graphql.org/learn/serving-over-http/#post-request
     assert (
         "operationName",

graphene_django/tests/test_views.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import json
 
 import pytest
 
-from mock import patch
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 from django.db import connection
 
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ def test_handles_invalid_json_bodies(client):
 
 def test_handles_django_request_error(client, monkeypatch):
     def mocked_read(*args):
-        raise IOError("foo-bar")
+        raise OSError("foo-bar")
 
     monkeypatch.setattr("django.http.request.HttpRequest.read", mocked_read)
 

graphene_django/types.py

@@ -168,11 +168,9 @@ class DjangoObjectType(ObjectType):
 
         if not DJANGO_FILTER_INSTALLED and (filter_fields or filterset_class):
             raise Exception(
-                (
                 "Can only set filter_fields or filterset_class if "
                 "Django-Filter is installed"
             )
-            )
 
         assert not (fields and exclude), (
             "Cannot set both 'fields' and 'exclude' options on "
@@ -228,7 +226,7 @@ class DjangoObjectType(ObjectType):
 
         if use_connection is None and interfaces:
             use_connection = any(
-                (issubclass(interface, Node) for interface in interfaces)
+                issubclass(interface, Node) for interface in interfaces
             )
 
         if use_connection and not connection:
@@ -255,7 +253,7 @@ class DjangoObjectType(ObjectType):
         _meta.fields = django_fields
         _meta.connection = connection
 
-        super(DjangoObjectType, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
+        super().__init_subclass_with_meta__(
             _meta=_meta, interfaces=interfaces, **options
         )
 

graphene_django/utils/testing.py

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def graphql_query(
     return resp
 
 
-class GraphQLTestMixin(object):
+class GraphQLTestMixin:
     """
     Based on: https://www.sam.today/blog/testing-graphql-with-graphene-django/
     """

graphene_django/views.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class HttpError(Exception):
     def __init__(self, response, message=None, *args, **kwargs):
         self.response = response
         self.message = message = message or response.content.decode()
-        super(HttpError, self).__init__(message, *args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(message, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
 def get_accepted_content_types(request):

setup.cfg

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ test=pytest
 universal=1
 
 [flake8]
-exclude = docs,graphene_django/debug/sql/*,migrations
+exclude = docs,graphene_django/debug/sql/*
 max-line-length = 120
 select =
 	# Dictionary key repeated

tox.ini

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 envlist =
     py{37,38,39,310}-django32,
     py{38,39,310}-django{40,41,main},
-    black,flake8
+    pre-commit
 
 [gh-actions]
 python =
@@ -32,14 +32,8 @@ deps =
     djangomain: https://github.com/django/django/archive/main.zip
 commands = {posargs:py.test --cov=graphene_django graphene_django examples}
 
-[testenv:black]
+[testenv:pre-commit]
-basepython = python3.9
+skip_install = true
-deps = -e.[dev]
+deps = pre-commit
 commands =
-    black --exclude "/migrations/" graphene_django examples setup.py --check
+    pre-commit run --all-files --show-diff-on-failure
-
-[testenv:flake8]
-basepython = python3.9
-deps = -e.[dev]
-commands =
-    flake8 graphene_django examples setup.py