Bump version to 3.2.3

* treat warnings as errors when running the tests

* silence warnings

* bugfix: let DjangoConnectionField call its resolver function

that is, the one specified using DjangoConnectionField(..., resolver=some_func)

* ignore the DeprecationWarning about typing.ByteString in graphql

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+---
+name: Bug report
+about: Create a report to help us improve
+title: ''
+labels: "\U0001F41Bbug"
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+**Note: for support questions, please use stackoverflow**. This repository's issues are reserved for feature requests and bug reports.
+
+* **What is the current behavior?**
+
+
+
+* **If the current behavior is a bug, please provide the steps to reproduce and if possible a minimal demo of the problem** via
+a github repo, https://repl.it or similar (you can use this template as a starting point: https://repl.it/@jkimbo/Graphene-Django-Example).
+
+
+
+* **What is the expected behavior?**
+
+
+
+* **What is the motivation / use case for changing the behavior?**
+
+
+
+* **Please tell us about your environment:**
+
+  - Version:
+  - Platform:
+
+* **Other information** (e.g. detailed explanation, stacktraces, related issues, suggestions how to fix, links for us to have context, eg. stackoverflow)

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Suggest an idea for this project
+title: ''
+labels: "✨enhancement"
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
+A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always frustrated when [...]
+
+**Describe the solution you'd like**
+A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
+
+**Describe alternatives you've considered**
+A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered.
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.

.github/stale.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Number of days of inactivity before an issue becomes stale
+daysUntilStale: false
+# Number of days of inactivity before a stale issue is closed
+daysUntilClose: false
+# Issues with these labels will never be considered stale
+exemptLabels:
+  - pinned
+  - security
+  - 🐛bug
+  - 📖 documentation
+  - help wanted
+  - ✨enhancement
+# Label to use when marking an issue as stale
+staleLabel: wontfix
+# Comment to post when marking an issue as stale. Set to `false` to disable
+markComment: false
+# markComment: >
+  # This issue has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had
+  # recent activity. It will be closed if no further activity occurs. Thank you
+  # for your contributions.
+# Comment to post when closing a stale issue. Set to `false` to disable
+closeComment: false

.github/workflows/deploy.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+name: 🚀 Deploy to PyPI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - 'v*'
+
+jobs:
+  lint:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/lint.yml
+  tests:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/tests.yml
+  release:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [lint, tests]
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Set up Python 3.11
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.11'
+    - name: Build wheel and source tarball
+      run: |
+        pip install wheel
+        python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
+    - name: Publish a Python distribution to PyPI
+      uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+      with:
+        user: __token__
+        password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: Lint
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ["main"]
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_call:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Set up Python 3.11
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.11'
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install tox
+    - name: Run pre-commit 💅
+      run: tox
+      env:
+        TOXENV: pre-commit

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+name: Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ["main"]
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_call:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      max-parallel: 4
+      matrix:
+        django: ["3.2", "4.2", "5.0", "5.1"]
+        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12"]
+        exclude:
+          - django: "3.2"
+            python-version: "3.11"
+          - django: "3.2"
+            python-version: "3.12"
+          - django: "5.0"
+            python-version: "3.8"
+          - django: "5.0"
+            python-version: "3.9"
+          - django: "5.1"
+            python-version: "3.8"
+          - django: "5.1"
+            python-version: "3.9"
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install tox tox-gh-actions
+    - name: Test with tox
+      run: tox
+      env:
+        DJANGO: ${{ matrix.django }}

.gitignore

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ __pycache__/
 # Distribution / packaging
 .Python
 env/
+.env/
+venv/
+.venv/
 build/
 develop-eggs/
 dist/
@@ -78,3 +81,10 @@ Session.vim
 *~
 # auto-generated tag files
 tags
+.tox/
+.pytest_cache/
+
+# pyenv
+#   For a library or package, you might want to ignore these files since the code is
+#   intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in:
+.python-version

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+default_language_version:
+  python: python3.11
+repos:
+-   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v4.5.0
+    hooks:
+    -   id: check-merge-conflict
+    -   id: check-json
+    -   id: check-yaml
+    -   id: debug-statements
+    -   id: end-of-file-fixer
+        exclude: ^docs/.*$
+    -   id: pretty-format-json
+        args:
+        - --autofix
+    -   id: trailing-whitespace
+        exclude: README.md
+-   repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
+    rev: v0.1.2
+    hooks:
+    -   id: ruff
+        args: [--fix, --exit-non-zero-on-fix, --show-fixes]
+    -   id: ruff-format

.readthedocs.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# .readthedocs.yaml
+# Read the Docs configuration file
+# See https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html for details
+
+version: 2
+build:
+  os: ubuntu-22.04
+  tools:
+    python: "3.12"
+
+# Build documentation in the "docs/" directory with Sphinx
+sphinx:
+  configuration: docs/conf.py
+
+# See https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/guides/reproducible-builds.html
+python:
+   install:
+      - requirements: docs/requirements.txt

.ruff.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+select = [
+    "E",    # pycodestyle
+    "W",    # pycodestyle
+    "F",    # pyflake
+    "I",    # isort
+    "B",    # flake8-bugbear
+    "C4",   # flake8-comprehensions
+    "UP",   # pyupgrade
+]
+
+ignore = [
+    "E501",  # line-too-long
+    "B017",  # pytest.raises(Exception) should be considered evil
+    "B028",  # warnings.warn called without an explicit stacklevel keyword argument
+    "B904",  # check for raise statements in exception handlers that lack a from clause
+    "W191",  # https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/formatter/#conflicting-lint-rules
+]
+
+exclude = [
+    "**/docs",
+]
+
+target-version = "py38"
+
+[per-file-ignores]
+# Ignore unused imports (F401) in these files
+"__init__.py" = ["F401"]
+
+[isort]
+known-first-party = ["graphene", "graphene-django"]
+known-local-folder = ["cookbook"]
+combine-as-imports = true

.travis.yml

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-language: python
-sudo: required
-dist: xenial
-python:
-- 2.7
-- 3.4
-- 3.5
-- 3.6
-- 3.7
-install:
-- |
-  if [ "$TEST_TYPE" = build ]; then
-    pip install -e .[test]
-    pip install psycopg2==2.8.2 # Required for Django postgres fields testing
-    pip install django==$DJANGO_VERSION
-    python setup.py develop
-  elif [ "$TEST_TYPE" = lint ]; then
-    pip install flake8==3.7.7
-  fi
-script:
-- |
-  if [ "$TEST_TYPE" = lint ]; then
-    echo "Checking Python code lint."
-    flake8 graphene_django
-    exit
-  elif [ "$TEST_TYPE" = build ]; then
-    py.test --cov=graphene_django graphene_django examples
-  fi
-after_success:
-- |
-  if [ "$TEST_TYPE" = build ]; then
-      coveralls
-  fi
-env:
-  matrix:
-  - TEST_TYPE=build DJANGO_VERSION=1.11
-matrix:
-  fast_finish: true
-  include:
-  - python: '3.4'
-    env: TEST_TYPE=build DJANGO_VERSION=2.0
-  - python: '3.5'
-    env: TEST_TYPE=build DJANGO_VERSION=2.0
-  - python: '3.6'
-    env: TEST_TYPE=build DJANGO_VERSION=2.0
-  - python: '3.5'
-    env: TEST_TYPE=build DJANGO_VERSION=2.1
-  - python: '3.6'
-    env: TEST_TYPE=build DJANGO_VERSION=2.1
-  - python: '3.6'
-    env: TEST_TYPE=build DJANGO_VERSION=2.2
-  - python: '3.7'
-    env: TEST_TYPE=build DJANGO_VERSION=2.2
-  - python: '2.7'
-    env: TEST_TYPE=lint
-  - python: '3.6'
-    env: TEST_TYPE=lint
-  - python: '3.7'
-    env: TEST_TYPE=lint
-deploy:
-  provider: pypi
-  user: syrusakbary
-  on:
-    tags: true
-  password:
-    secure: kymIFCEPUbkgRqe2NAXkWfxMmGRfWvWBOP6LIXdVdkOOkm91fU7bndPGrAjos+/7gN0Org609ZmHSlVXNMJUWcsL2or/x5LcADJ4cZDe+79qynuoRb9xs1Ri4O4SBAuVMZxuVJvs8oUzT2R11ql5vASSMtXgbX+ZDGpmPRVZStkCuXgOc4LBhbPKyl3OFy7UQFPgAEmy3Yjh4ZSKzlXheK+S6mmr60+DCIjpaA0BWPxYK9FUE0qm7JJbHLUbwsUP/QMp5MmGjwFisXCNsIe686B7QKRaiOw62eJc2R7He8AuEC8T9OM4kRwDlecSn8mMpkoSB7QWtlJ+6XdLrJFPNvtrOfgfzS9/96Qrw9WlOslk68hMlhJeRb0s2YUD8tiV3UUkvbL1mfFoS4SI9U+rojS55KhUEJWHg1w7DjoOPoZmaIL2ChRupmvrFYNAGae1cxwG3Urh+t3wYlN3gpKsRDe5GOT7Wm2tr0ad3McCpDGUwSChX59BAJXe/MoLxkKScTrMyR8yMxHOF0b4zpVn5l7xB/o2Ik4zavx5q/0rGBMK2D+5d+gpQogKShoquTPsZUwO7sB5hYeH2hqGqpeGzZtb76E2zZYd18pJ0FsBudm5+KWjYdZ+vbtGrLxdTXJ1EEtzVXm0lscykTpqUucbXSa51dhStJvW2xEEz6p3rHo=
-  distributions: "sdist bdist_wheel"

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ make tests
 
 ## Opening Pull Requests
 
-Please fork the project and open a pull request against the master branch.
+Please fork the project and open a pull request against the `main` branch.
 
 This will trigger a series of test and lint checks.
 
@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@ Then to produce a HTML version of the documentation:
 
 ```sh
 make html
-```
+```

MANIFEST.in

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 include README.md LICENSE
 recursive-include graphene_django/templates *
 recursive-include graphene_django/static *
+
+include examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/fixtures/ingredients.json
+include examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/fixtures/ingredients.json

Makefile

@@ -1,11 +1,29 @@
+.PHONY: help
+help:
+	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
+	@grep -E '^\.PHONY: [a-zA-Z_-]+ .*?## .*$$' $(MAKEFILE_LIST) | sort | awk 'BEGIN {FS = "(: |##)"}; {printf "\033[36m%-30s\033[0m %s\n", $$2, $$3}'
+
+.PHONY: dev-setup ## Install development dependencies
 dev-setup:
 	pip install -e ".[dev]"
+	python -m pre_commit install
 
+.PHONY: tests ## Run unit tests
 tests:
-	py.test graphene_django --cov=graphene_django -vv
+	PYTHONPATH=. pytest graphene_django --cov=graphene_django -vv
 
+.PHONY: format ## Format code
 format:
-	black graphene_django
+	ruff format graphene_django examples setup.py
 
+.PHONY: lint ## Lint code
 lint:
-	flake8 graphene_django
+	ruff graphene_django examples
+
+.PHONY: docs ## Generate docs
+docs: dev-setup
+	cd docs && make install && make html
+
+.PHONY: docs-live ## Generate docs with live reloading
+docs-live: dev-setup
+	cd docs && make install && make livehtml

README.md

@@ -1,103 +1,151 @@
-Please read [UPGRADE-v2.0.md](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/blob/master/UPGRADE-v2.0.md) to learn how to upgrade to Graphene `2.0`.
+# ![Graphene Logo](http://graphene-python.org/favicon.png) Graphene-Django
 
----
+[![build][build-image]][build-url]
+[![pypi][pypi-image]][pypi-url]
+[![Anaconda-Server Badge][conda-image]][conda-url]
+[![coveralls][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url]
 
-# ![Graphene Logo](http://graphene-python.org/favicon.png) Graphene-Django [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/graphql-python/graphene-django.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/graphql-python/graphene-django) [![PyPI version](https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene-django.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene-django) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/graphql-python/graphene-django/badge.svg?branch=master&service=github)](https://coveralls.io/github/graphql-python/graphene-django?branch=master)
+[build-image]: https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/workflows/Tests/badge.svg
+[build-url]: https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/actions
+[pypi-image]: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/graphene-django.svg?style=flat
+[pypi-url]: https://pypi.org/project/graphene-django/
+[coveralls-image]: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/graphql-python/graphene-django/badge.svg?branch=master
+[coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/github/graphql-python/graphene-django?branch=master
+[conda-image]: https://img.shields.io/conda/vn/conda-forge/graphene-django.svg
+[conda-url]: https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/graphene-django
 
+Graphene-Django is an open-source library that provides seamless integration between Django, a high-level Python web framework, and Graphene, a library for building GraphQL APIs. The library allows developers to create GraphQL APIs in Django quickly and efficiently while maintaining a high level of performance.
 
-A [Django](https://www.djangoproject.com/) integration for [Graphene](http://graphene-python.org/).
+## Features
 
-## Documentation
+* Seamless integration with Django models
+* Automatic generation of GraphQL schema
+* Integration with Django's authentication and permission system
+* Easy querying and filtering of data
+* Support for Django's pagination system
+* Compatible with Django's form and validation system
+* Extensive documentation and community support
 
-[Visit the documentation to get started!](https://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/django/en/latest/)
+## Installation
 
-## Quickstart
+To install Graphene-Django, run the following command:
 
-For installing graphene, just run this command in your shell
-
-```bash
-pip install "graphene-django>=2.0"
+```sh
+pip install graphene-django
 ```
 
-### Settings
+## Configuration
+
+After installation, add 'graphene_django' to your Django project's `INSTALLED_APPS` list and define the GraphQL schema in your project's settings:
 
 ```python
-INSTALLED_APPS = (
+INSTALLED_APPS = [
     # ...
-    'django.contrib.staticfiles', # Required for GraphiQL
     'graphene_django',
-)
+]
 
 GRAPHENE = {
-    'SCHEMA': 'app.schema.schema' # Where your Graphene schema lives
+    'SCHEMA': 'myapp.schema.schema'
 }
 ```
 
-### Urls
+## Usage
 
-We need to set up a `GraphQL` endpoint in our Django app, so we can serve the queries.
+To use Graphene-Django, create a `schema.py` file in your Django app directory and define your GraphQL types and queries:
 
 ```python
-from django.conf.urls import url
-from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView
-
-urlpatterns = [
-    # ...
-    url(r'^graphql$', GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True)),
-]
-```
-
-## Examples
-
-Here is a simple Django model:
-
-```python
-from django.db import models
-
-class UserModel(models.Model):
-    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
-    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
-```
-
-To create a GraphQL schema for it you simply have to write the following:
-
-```python
-from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
 import graphene
+from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
+from .models import MyModel
 
-class User(DjangoObjectType):
+class MyModelType(DjangoObjectType):
     class Meta:
-        model = UserModel
+        model = MyModel
 
 class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
-    users = graphene.List(User)
+    mymodels = graphene.List(MyModelType)
 
-    def resolve_users(self, info):
-        return UserModel.objects.all()
+    def resolve_mymodels(self, info, **kwargs):
+        return MyModel.objects.all()
 
 schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
 ```
 
-Then you can simply query the schema:
+Then, expose the GraphQL API in your Django project's `urls.py` file:
 
 ```python
-query = '''
-    query {
-      users {
-        name,
-        lastName
-      }
-    }
-'''
-result = schema.execute(query)
+from django.urls import path
+from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView
+from . import schema
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    # ...
+    path('graphql/', GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True)), # Given that schema path is defined in GRAPHENE['SCHEMA'] in your settings.py
+]
 ```
 
-To learn more check out the following [examples](examples/):
+## Testing
 
-* **Schema with Filtering**: [Cookbook example](examples/cookbook)
-* **Relay Schema**: [Starwars Relay example](examples/starwars)
+Graphene-Django provides support for testing GraphQL APIs using Django's test client. To create tests, create a `tests.py` file in your Django app directory and write your test cases:
 
+```python
+from django.test import TestCase
+from graphene_django.utils.testing import GraphQLTestCase
+from . import schema
+
+class MyModelAPITestCase(GraphQLTestCase):
+    GRAPHENE_SCHEMA = schema.schema
+
+    def test_query_all_mymodels(self):
+        response = self.query(
+            '''
+            query {
+                mymodels {
+                    id
+                    name
+                }
+            }
+            '''
+        )
+
+        self.assertResponseNoErrors(response)
+        self.assertEqual(len(response.data['mymodels']), MyModel.objects.count())
+```
 
 ## Contributing
 
-See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md)
+Contributions to Graphene-Django are always welcome! To get started, check the repository's [issue tracker](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/issues) and [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md).
+
+## License
+
+Graphene-Django is released under the [MIT License](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/blob/main/LICENSE).
+
+## Resources
+
+* [Official GitHub Repository](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django)
+* [Graphene Documentation](http://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/)
+* [Django Documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/)
+* [GraphQL Specification](https://spec.graphql.org/)
+* [GraphiQL](https://github.com/graphql/graphiql) - An in-browser IDE for exploring GraphQL APIs
+* [Graphene-Django Community](https://spectrum.chat/graphene) - Join the community to discuss questions and share ideas related to Graphene-Django
+
+## Tutorials and Examples
+
+* [Official Graphene-Django Tutorial](https://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/django/en/latest/tutorial-plain/)
+* [Building a GraphQL API with Django and Graphene-Django](https://www.howtographql.com/graphql-python/0-introduction/)
+* [Real-world example: Django, Graphene, and Relay](https://github.com/graphql-python/swapi-graphene)
+
+## Related Projects
+
+* [Graphene](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene) - A library for building GraphQL APIs in Python
+* [Graphene-SQLAlchemy](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-sqlalchemy) - Integration between Graphene and SQLAlchemy, an Object Relational Mapper (ORM) for Python
+* [Graphene-File-Upload](https://github.com/lmcgartland/graphene-file-upload) - A package providing an Upload scalar for handling file uploads in Graphene
+* [Graphene-Subscriptions](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-subscriptions) - A package for adding real-time subscriptions to Graphene-based GraphQL APIs
+
+## Support
+
+If you encounter any issues or have questions regarding Graphene-Django, feel free to [submit an issue](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/issues/new) on the official GitHub repository. You can also ask for help and share your experiences with the Graphene-Django community on [💬 Discord](https://discord.gg/Fftt273T79)
+
+## Release Notes
+
+* See [Releases page on github](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/releases)

README.rst

@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-Please read
-`UPGRADE-v2.0.md <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/blob/master/UPGRADE-v2.0.md>`__
-to learn how to upgrade to Graphene ``2.0``.
-
---------------
-
-|Graphene Logo| Graphene-Django |Build Status| |PyPI version| |Coverage Status|
-===============================================================================
-
-A `Django <https://www.djangoproject.com/>`__ integration for
-`Graphene <http://graphene-python.org/>`__.
-
-
-Documentation
--------------
-
-`Visit the documentation to get started! <https://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/django/en/latest/>`__
-
-Quickstart
-----------
-
-For installing graphene, just run this command in your shell
-
-.. code:: bash
-
-    pip install "graphene-django>=2.0"
-
-Settings
-~~~~~~~~
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    INSTALLED_APPS = (
-        # ...
-        'graphene_django',
-    )
-
-    GRAPHENE = {
-        'SCHEMA': 'app.schema.schema' # Where your Graphene schema lives
-    }
-
-Urls
-~~~~
-
-We need to set up a ``GraphQL`` endpoint in our Django app, so we can
-serve the queries.
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    from django.conf.urls import url
-    from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView
-
-    urlpatterns = [
-        # ...
-        url(r'^graphql$', GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True)),
-    ]
-
-Examples
---------
-
-Here is a simple Django model:
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    from django.db import models
-
-    class UserModel(models.Model):
-        name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
-        last_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
-
-To create a GraphQL schema for it you simply have to write the
-following:
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
-    import graphene
-
-    class User(DjangoObjectType):
-        class Meta:
-            model = UserModel
-
-    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
-        users = graphene.List(User)
-
-        @graphene.resolve_only_args
-        def resolve_users(self):
-            return UserModel.objects.all()
-
-    schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
-
-Then you can simply query the schema:
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    query = '''
-        query {
-          users {
-            name,
-            lastName
-          }
-        }
-    '''
-    result = schema.execute(query)
-
-To learn more check out the following `examples <examples/>`__:
-
--  **Schema with Filtering**: `Cookbook example <examples/cookbook>`__
--  **Relay Schema**: `Starwars Relay example <examples/starwars>`__
-
-Contributing
-------------
-
-See `CONTRIBUTING.md <CONTRIBUTING.md>`__.
-
-.. |Graphene Logo| image:: http://graphene-python.org/favicon.png
-.. |Build Status| image:: https://travis-ci.org/graphql-python/graphene-django.svg?branch=master
-   :target: https://travis-ci.org/graphql-python/graphene-django
-.. |PyPI version| image:: https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene-django.svg
-   :target: https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene-django
-.. |Coverage Status| image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/graphql-python/graphene-django/badge.svg?branch=master&service=github
-   :target: https://coveralls.io/github/graphql-python/graphene-django?branch=master

django_test_settings.py

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-import os
-
-ROOT_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
-sys.path.insert(0, ROOT_PATH + '/examples/')
-
-SECRET_KEY = 1
-
-INSTALLED_APPS = [
-    'graphene_django',
-    'graphene_django.rest_framework',
-    'graphene_django.tests',
-    'starwars',
-]
-
-DATABASES = {
-    'default': {
-        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
-        'NAME': 'django_test.sqlite',
-    }
-}
-
-TEMPLATES = [
-    {
-        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
-        'DIRS': [],
-        'APP_DIRS': True,
-    },
-]
-
-GRAPHENE = {
-    'SCHEMA': 'graphene_django.tests.schema_view.schema'
-}
-
-ROOT_URLCONF = 'graphene_django.tests.urls'

docs/Makefile

@@ -48,12 +48,20 @@ help:
 clean:
 	rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
 
+.PHONY: install ## to install all documentation related requirements
+install:
+	pip install -r requirements.txt
+
 .PHONY: html
 html:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html."
 
+.PHONY: livehtml ## to build and serve live-reloading documentation
+livehtml:
+	sphinx-autobuild -b html --watch ../graphene_django $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
+
 .PHONY: dirhtml
 dirhtml:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b dirhtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml

docs/authorization.rst

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Let's use a simple example model.
 Limiting Field Access
 ---------------------
 
-To limit fields in a GraphQL query simply use the ``only_fields`` meta attribute.
+To limit fields in a GraphQL query simply use the ``fields`` meta attribute.
 
 .. code:: python
 
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ To limit fields in a GraphQL query simply use the ``only_fields`` meta attribute
     class PostNode(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Post
-            only_fields = ('title', 'content')
+            fields = ('title', 'content')
             interfaces = (relay.Node, )
 
-conversely you can use ``exclude_fields`` meta attribute.
+conversely you can use ``exclude`` meta attribute.
 
 .. code:: python
 
@@ -45,9 +45,34 @@ conversely you can use ``exclude_fields`` meta attribute.
     class PostNode(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Post
-            exclude_fields = ('published', 'owner')
+            exclude = ('published', 'owner')
             interfaces = (relay.Node, )
 
+
+Another pattern is to have a resolve method act as a gatekeeper, returning None
+or raising an exception if the client isn't allowed to see the data.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from graphene import relay
+    from graphene_django.types import DjangoObjectType
+    from .models import Post
+
+    class PostNode(DjangoObjectType):
+        class Meta:
+            model = Post
+            fields = ('title', 'content', 'owner')
+            interfaces = (relay.Node, )
+
+        def resolve_owner(self, info):
+            user = info.context.user
+            if user.is_anonymous:
+                raise PermissionDenied("Please login")
+            if not user.is_staff:
+                return None
+            return self.owner
+
+
 Queryset Filtering On Lists
 ---------------------------
 
@@ -84,7 +109,7 @@ with the context argument.
 
         def resolve_my_posts(self, info):
             # context will reference to the Django request
-            if not info.context.user.is_authenticated():
+            if not info.context.user.is_authenticated:
                 return Post.objects.none()
             else:
                 return Post.objects.filter(owner=info.context.user)
@@ -111,6 +136,7 @@ If you are using ``DjangoObjectType`` you can define a custom `get_queryset`.
     class PostNode(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Post
+            fields = '__all__'
 
         @classmethod
         def get_queryset(cls, queryset, info):
@@ -118,6 +144,21 @@ If you are using ``DjangoObjectType`` you can define a custom `get_queryset`.
                 return queryset.filter(published=True)
             return queryset
 
+.. warning::
+
+    Defining a custom ``get_queryset`` gives the guaranteed it will be called
+    when resolving the ``DjangoObjectType``, even through related objects.
+    Note that because of this, benefits from using ``select_related``
+    in objects that define a relation to this ``DjangoObjectType`` will be canceled out.
+    In the case of ``prefetch_related``, the benefits of the optimization will be lost only
+    if the custom ``get_queryset`` modifies the queryset. For more information about this, refers
+    to Django documentation about ``prefetch_related``: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/models/querysets/#prefetch-related.
+
+
+    If you want to explicitly disable the execution of the custom ``get_queryset`` when resolving,
+    you can decorate the resolver with `@graphene_django.bypass_get_queryset`. Note that this
+    can lead to authorization leaks if you are performing authorization checks in the custom
+    ``get_queryset``.
 
 Filtering ID-based Node Access
 ------------------------------
@@ -133,7 +174,7 @@ method to your ``DjangoObjectType``.
     class PostNode(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Post
-            only_fields = ('title', 'content')
+            fields = ('title', 'content')
             interfaces = (relay.Node, )
 
         @classmethod
@@ -154,7 +195,8 @@ Adding Login Required
 To restrict users from accessing the GraphQL API page the standard Django LoginRequiredMixin_ can be used to create your own standard Django Class Based View, which includes the ``LoginRequiredMixin`` and subclasses the ``GraphQLView``.:
 
 .. code:: python
-    #views.py
+
+    # views.py
 
     from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin
     from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView
@@ -165,22 +207,13 @@ To restrict users from accessing the GraphQL API page the standard Django LoginR
 
 After this, you can use the new ``PrivateGraphQLView`` in the project's URL Configuration file ``url.py``:
 
-For Django 1.9 and below:
+For Django 2.2 and above:
 
 .. code:: python
 
     urlpatterns = [
-      # some other urls
-      url(r'^graphql$', PrivateGraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True, schema=schema)),
+        # some other urls
+        path('graphql/', PrivateGraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True, schema=schema)),
     ]
 
-For Django 2.0 and above:
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    urlpatterns = [
-      # some other urls
-      path('graphql', PrivateGraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True, schema=schema)),
-    ]
-
-.. _LoginRequiredMixin: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/auth/default/#the-loginrequired-mixin
+.. _LoginRequiredMixin: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/auth/default/#the-loginrequired-mixin

docs/conf.py

@@ -60,25 +60,25 @@ source_suffix = ".rst"
 master_doc = "index"
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = u"Graphene Django"
-copyright = u"Graphene 2017"
-author = u"Syrus Akbary"
+project = "Graphene Django"
+copyright = "Graphene 2017"
+author = "Syrus Akbary"
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
 # built documents.
 #
 # The short X.Y version.
-version = u"1.0"
+version = "1.0"
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-release = u"1.0.dev"
+release = "1.0.dev"
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
 #
 # This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
 # Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
-language = None
+# language = None
 
 # There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
 # non-false value, then it is used:
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ latex_elements = {
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-    (master_doc, "Graphene.tex", u"Graphene Documentation", u"Syrus Akbary", "manual")
+    (master_doc, "Graphene.tex", "Graphene Documentation", "Syrus Akbary", "manual")
 ]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ latex_documents = [
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
 man_pages = [
-    (master_doc, "graphene_django", u"Graphene Django Documentation", [author], 1)
+    (master_doc, "graphene_django", "Graphene Django Documentation", [author], 1)
 ]
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ texinfo_documents = [
     (
         master_doc,
         "Graphene-Django",
-        u"Graphene Django Documentation",
+        "Graphene Django Documentation",
         author,
         "Graphene Django",
         "One line description of project.",
@@ -445,4 +445,7 @@ epub_exclude_files = ["search.html"]
 
 
 # Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
-intersphinx_mapping = {"https://docs.python.org/": None}
+intersphinx_mapping = {
+    # "https://docs.python.org/": None,
+    "python": ("https://docs.python.org/", None),
+}

docs/debug.rst

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ Django Debug Middleware
 
 You can debug your GraphQL queries in a similar way to
 `django-debug-toolbar <https://django-debug-toolbar.readthedocs.org/>`__,
-but outputing in the results in GraphQL response as fields, instead of
-the graphical HTML interface.
+but outputting in the results in GraphQL response as fields, instead of
+the graphical HTML interface. Exceptions with their stack traces are also exposed.
 
 For that, you will need to add the plugin in your graphene schema.
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ And in your ``settings.py``:
 Querying
 --------
 
-You can query it for outputing all the sql transactions that happened in
+You can query it for outputting all the sql transactions that happened in
 the GraphQL request, like:
 
 .. code::
@@ -63,6 +63,10 @@ the GraphQL request, like:
         sql {
           rawSql
         }
+        exceptions {
+          message
+          stack
+        }
       }
     }
 

docs/extra-types.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Extra Types
+===========
+
+Here are some libraries that provide common types for Django specific fields.
+
+
+GeoDjango
+---------
+
+Use the graphene-gis_ library to add GeoDjango types to your Schema.
+
+.. _graphene-gis: https://github.com/EverWinter23/graphene-gis

docs/fields.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+Fields
+======
+
+Graphene-Django provides some useful fields to help integrate Django with your GraphQL
+Schema.
+
+DjangoListField
+---------------
+
+``DjangoListField`` allows you to define a list of :ref:`DjangoObjectType<queries-objecttypes>`'s. By default it will resolve the default queryset of the Django model.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+   from graphene import ObjectType, Schema
+   from graphene_django import DjangoListField
+
+   class RecipeType(DjangoObjectType):
+      class Meta:
+         model = Recipe
+         fields = ("title", "instructions")
+
+   class Query(ObjectType):
+      recipes = DjangoListField(RecipeType)
+
+   schema = Schema(query=Query)
+
+The above code results in the following schema definition:
+
+.. code::
+
+   schema {
+     query: Query
+   }
+
+   type Query {
+     recipes: [RecipeType!]
+   }
+
+   type RecipeType {
+     title: String!
+     instructions: String!
+   }
+
+Custom resolvers
+****************
+
+If your ``DjangoObjectType`` has defined a custom
+:ref:`get_queryset<django-objecttype-get-queryset>` method, when resolving a
+``DjangoListField`` it will be called with either the return of the field
+resolver (if one is defined) or the default queryset from the Django model.
+
+For example the following schema will only resolve recipes which have been
+published and have a title:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+   from graphene import ObjectType, Schema
+   from graphene_django import DjangoListField
+
+   class RecipeType(DjangoObjectType):
+      class Meta:
+         model = Recipe
+         fields = ("title", "instructions")
+
+      @classmethod
+      def get_queryset(cls, queryset, info):
+         # Filter out recipes that have no title
+         return queryset.exclude(title__exact="")
+
+   class Query(ObjectType):
+      recipes = DjangoListField(RecipeType)
+
+      def resolve_recipes(parent, info):
+         # Only get recipes that have been published
+         return Recipe.objects.filter(published=True)
+
+   schema = Schema(query=Query)
+
+
+DjangoConnectionField
+---------------------
+
+``DjangoConnectionField`` acts similarly to ``DjangoListField`` but returns a
+paginated connection following the `relay spec <https://relay.dev/graphql/connections.htm>`__
+The field supports the following arguments: `first`, `last`, `offset`, `after` & `before`.

docs/filtering.rst

@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ Filtering
 =========
 
 Graphene integrates with
-`django-filter <https://django-filter.readthedocs.io/en/master/>`__ (2.x for
-Python 3 or 1.x for Python 2) to provide filtering of results. See the `usage
-documentation <https://django-filter.readthedocs.io/en/master/guide/usage.html#the-filter>`__
+`django-filter <https://django-filter.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>`__ to provide filtering of results.
+See the `usage documentation <https://django-filter.readthedocs.io/en/stable/guide/usage.html#the-filter>`__
 for details on the format for ``filter_fields``.
 
 This filtering is automatically available when implementing a ``relay.Node``.
@@ -14,11 +13,20 @@ You will need to install it manually, which can be done as follows:
 
 .. code:: bash
 
-    # You'll need to django-filter
+    # You'll need to install django-filter
     pip install django-filter>=2
 
+After installing ``django-filter`` you'll need to add the application in the ``settings.py`` file:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    INSTALLED_APPS = [
+        # ...
+        "django_filters",
+    ]
+
 Note: The techniques below are demoed in the `cookbook example
-app <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/tree/master/examples/cookbook>`__.
+app <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/tree/main/examples/cookbook>`__.
 
 Filterable fields
 -----------------
@@ -26,7 +34,7 @@ Filterable fields
 The ``filter_fields`` parameter is used to specify the fields which can
 be filtered upon. The value specified here is passed directly to
 ``django-filter``, so see the `filtering
-documentation <https://django-filter.readthedocs.io/en/master/guide/usage.html#the-filter>`__
+documentation <https://django-filter.readthedocs.io/en/main/guide/usage.html#the-filter>`__
 for full details on the range of options available.
 
 For example:
@@ -37,6 +45,7 @@ For example:
         class Meta:
             # Assume you have an Animal model defined with the following fields
             model = Animal
+            fields = '__all__'
             filter_fields = ['name', 'genus', 'is_domesticated']
             interfaces = (relay.Node, )
 
@@ -67,6 +76,7 @@ You can also make more complex lookup types available:
     class AnimalNode(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Animal
+            fields = '__all__'
             # Provide more complex lookup types
             filter_fields = {
                 'name': ['exact', 'icontains', 'istartswith'],
@@ -100,7 +110,7 @@ features of ``django-filter``. This is done by transparently creating a
 ``filter_fields``.
 
 However, you may find this to be insufficient. In these cases you can
-create your own ``Filterset`` as follows:
+create your own ``FilterSet``. You can pass it directly as follows:
 
 .. code:: python
 
@@ -108,6 +118,7 @@ create your own ``Filterset`` as follows:
         class Meta:
             # Assume you have an Animal model defined with the following fields
             model = Animal
+            fields = '__all__'
             filter_fields = ['name', 'genus', 'is_domesticated']
             interfaces = (relay.Node, )
 
@@ -115,6 +126,15 @@ create your own ``Filterset`` as follows:
     class AnimalFilter(django_filters.FilterSet):
         # Do case-insensitive lookups on 'name'
         name = django_filters.CharFilter(lookup_expr=['iexact'])
+        # Allow multiple genera to be selected at once
+        genera = django_filters.MultipleChoiceFilter(
+            field_name='genus',
+            choices=(
+                ('Canis', 'Canis'),
+                ('Panthera', 'Panthera'),
+                ('Seahorse', 'Seahorse')
+            )
+        )
 
         class Meta:
             model = Animal
@@ -127,7 +147,52 @@ create your own ``Filterset`` as follows:
         all_animals = DjangoFilterConnectionField(AnimalNode,
                                                   filterset_class=AnimalFilter)
 
-The context argument is passed on as the `request argument <http://django-filter.readthedocs.io/en/master/guide/usage.html#request-based-filtering>`__
+
+If you were interested in selecting all dogs and cats, you might query as follows:
+
+.. code::
+
+    query {
+      allAnimals(genera: ["Canis", "Panthera"]) {
+        edges {
+          node {
+            id,
+            name
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+You can also specify the ``FilterSet`` class using the ``filterset_class``
+parameter when defining your ``DjangoObjectType``, however, this can't be used
+in unison  with the ``filter_fields`` parameter:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    class AnimalFilter(django_filters.FilterSet):
+        # Do case-insensitive lookups on 'name'
+        name = django_filters.CharFilter(lookup_expr=['iexact'])
+
+        class Meta:
+            # Assume you have an Animal model defined with the following fields
+            model = Animal
+            fields = ['name', 'genus', 'is_domesticated']
+
+
+    class AnimalNode(DjangoObjectType):
+        class Meta:
+            model = Animal
+            fields = '__all__'
+            filterset_class = AnimalFilter
+            interfaces = (relay.Node, )
+
+
+    class Query(ObjectType):
+        animal = relay.Node.Field(AnimalNode)
+        all_animals = DjangoFilterConnectionField(AnimalNode)
+
+
+The context argument is passed on as the `request argument <http://django-filter.readthedocs.io/en/main/guide/usage.html#request-based-filtering>`__
 in a ``django_filters.FilterSet`` instance. You can use this to customize your
 filters to be context-dependent. We could modify the ``AnimalFilter`` above to
 pre-filter animals owned by the authenticated user (set in ``context.user``).
@@ -165,7 +230,7 @@ Extend the tuple of fields if you want to order by more than one field.
 
         order_by = OrderingFilter(
             fields=(
-                ('created_at', 'created_at'),
+                ('name', 'created_at'),
             )
         )
 
@@ -175,6 +240,7 @@ Extend the tuple of fields if you want to order by more than one field.
       class Meta:
           name = 'Group'
           model = GroupModel
+          fields = '__all__'
           interfaces = (relay.Node,)
 
       def resolve_users(self, info, **kwargs):
@@ -191,4 +257,87 @@ with this set up, you can now order the users under group:
           xxx
         }
       }
-    }
+    }
+
+
+PostgreSQL `ArrayField`
+-----------------------
+
+Graphene provides an easy to implement filters on `ArrayField` as they are not natively supported by django_filters:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from django.db import models
+    from django_filters import FilterSet, OrderingFilter
+    from graphene_django.filter import ArrayFilter
+
+    class Event(models.Model):
+        name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
+        tags = ArrayField(models.CharField(max_length=50))
+
+    class EventFilterSet(FilterSet):
+        class Meta:
+            model = Event
+            fields = {
+                "name": ["exact", "contains"],
+            }
+
+        tags__contains = ArrayFilter(field_name="tags", lookup_expr="contains")
+        tags__overlap = ArrayFilter(field_name="tags", lookup_expr="overlap")
+        tags = ArrayFilter(field_name="tags", lookup_expr="exact")
+
+    class EventType(DjangoObjectType):
+        class Meta:
+            model = Event
+            interfaces = (Node,)
+            fields = "__all__"
+            filterset_class = EventFilterSet
+
+with this set up, you can now filter events by tags:
+
+.. code::
+
+    query {
+      events(tags_Overlap: ["concert", "festival"]) {
+        name
+      }
+    }
+
+
+`TypedFilter`
+-------------
+
+Sometimes the automatic detection of the filter input type is not satisfactory for what you are trying to achieve.
+You can then explicitly specify the input type you want for your filter by using a `TypedFilter`:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from django.db import models
+    from django_filters import FilterSet, OrderingFilter
+    import graphene
+    from graphene_django.filter import TypedFilter
+
+    class Event(models.Model):
+        name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
+
+    class EventFilterSet(FilterSet):
+        class Meta:
+            model = Event
+            fields = {
+                "name": ["exact", "contains"],
+            }
+
+        only_first = TypedFilter(input_type=graphene.Boolean, method="only_first_filter")
+
+        def only_first_filter(self, queryset, _name, value):
+            if value:
+                return queryset[:1]
+            else:
+                return queryset
+
+    class EventType(DjangoObjectType):
+        class Meta:
+            model = Event
+            interfaces = (Node,)
+            fields = "__all__"
+            filterset_class = EventFilterSet

docs/index.rst

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ Graphene-Django provides some additional abstractions that make it easy to add G
 First time? We recommend you start with the installation guide to get set up and the basic tutorial.
 It is worth reading the `core graphene docs <https://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/>`__ to familiarize yourself with the basic utilities.
 
-Core tenants
-------------
+Core tenets
+-----------
 
 If you want to expose your data through GraphQL - read the ``Installation``, ``Schema`` and ``Queries`` section.
 
@@ -25,10 +25,14 @@ For more advanced use, check out the Relay tutorial.
    tutorial-relay
    schema
    queries
+   fields
+   extra-types
    mutations
+   subscriptions
    filtering
    authorization
    debug
    introspection
+   validation
    testing
    settings

docs/installation.rst

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Requirements
 
 Graphene-Django currently supports the following versions of Django:
 
-* Django 2.X
+* >= Django 2.2
 
 Installation
 ------------
@@ -25,13 +25,15 @@ Add ``graphene_django`` to the ``INSTALLED_APPS`` in the ``settings.py`` file of
 
     INSTALLED_APPS = [
         ...
-        'django.contrib.staticfiles', # Required for GraphiQL
-        'graphene_django'
+        "django.contrib.staticfiles", # Required for GraphiQL
+        "graphene_django"
     ]
 
 
 We need to add a ``graphql`` URL to the ``urls.py`` of your Django project:
 
+For Django 2.2 and above:
+
 .. code:: python
 
     from django.urls import path
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ Finally, define the schema location for Graphene in the ``settings.py`` file of
 .. code:: python
 
     GRAPHENE = {
-        'SCHEMA': 'django_root.schema.schema'
+        "SCHEMA": "django_root.schema.schema"
     }
 
 Where ``path.schema.schema`` is the location of the ``Schema`` object in your Django project.
@@ -61,9 +63,31 @@ The most basic ``schema.py`` looks like this:
     import graphene
 
     class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
-        pass
+        hello = graphene.String(default_value="Hi!")
 
     schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
 
 
-To learn how to extend the schema object for your project, read the basic tutorial.
+To learn how to extend the schema object for your project, read the basic tutorial.
+
+CSRF exempt
+-----------
+
+If you have enabled `CSRF protection <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/csrf/>`_ in your Django app
+you will find that it prevents your API clients from POSTing to the ``graphql`` endpoint. You can either
+update your API client to pass the CSRF token with each request (the Django docs have a guide on how to do that: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/csrf/#ajax) or you can exempt your Graphql endpoint from CSRF protection by wrapping the ``GraphQLView`` with the ``csrf_exempt``
+decorator:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # urls.py
+
+    from django.urls import path
+    from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
+
+    from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView
+
+    urlpatterns = [
+        # ...
+        path("graphql", csrf_exempt(GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True))),
+    ]

docs/introspection.rst

@@ -29,20 +29,37 @@ you're ready to use Relay with Graphene GraphQL implementation.
 
 The schema file is sorted to create a reproducible canonical representation.
 
+GraphQL SDL Representation
+--------------------------
+
+The schema can also be exported as a GraphQL SDL file by changing the file
+extension :
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+    ./manage.py graphql_schema --schema tutorial.quickstart.schema --out schema.graphql
+
+When exporting the schema as a ``.graphql`` file the ``--indent`` option is
+ignored.
+
+
 Advanced Usage
 --------------
 
 The ``--indent`` option can be used to specify the number of indentation spaces to
 be used in the output. Defaults to `None` which displays all data on a single line.
 
+The ``--watch`` option can be used to run ``./manage.py graphql_schema`` in watch mode, where it will automatically output a new schema every time there are file changes in your project
+
 To simplify the command to ``./manage.py graphql_schema``, you can
 specify the parameters in your settings.py:
 
 .. code:: python
 
     GRAPHENE = {
-    	'SCHEMA': 'tutorial.quickstart.schema',
-    	'SCHEMA_OUTPUT': 'data/schema.json'  # defaults to schema.json
+        'SCHEMA': 'tutorial.quickstart.schema',
+        'SCHEMA_OUTPUT': 'data/schema.json',  # defaults to schema.json,
+        'SCHEMA_INDENT': 2,  # Defaults to None (displays all data on a single line)
     }
 
 

docs/mutations.rst

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Simple example
     class QuestionType(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Question
+            fields = '__all__'
 
 
     class QuestionMutation(graphene.Mutation):
@@ -36,7 +37,8 @@ Simple example
         # The class attributes define the response of the mutation
         question = graphene.Field(QuestionType)
 
-        def mutate(self, info, text, id):
+        @classmethod
+        def mutate(cls, root, info, text, id):
             question = Question.objects.get(pk=id)
             question.text = text
             question.save()
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ Simple example
             return QuestionMutation(question=question)
 
 
-    class Mutation:
+    class Mutation(graphene.ObjectType):
         update_question = QuestionMutation.Field()
 
 
@@ -90,6 +92,7 @@ DjangoModelFormMutation
     class PetType(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Pet
+            fields = '__all__'
 
     class PetMutation(DjangoModelFormMutation):
         pet = Field(PetType)
@@ -122,6 +125,55 @@ to change how the form is saved or to return a different Graphene object type.
 If the form is *not* valid then a list of errors will be returned. These errors have two fields: ``field``, a string
 containing the name of the invalid form field, and ``messages``, a list of strings with the validation messages.
 
+DjangoFormInputObjectType
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+``DjangoFormInputObjectType`` is used in mutations to create input fields by **using django form** to retrieve input data structure from it. This can be helpful in situations where you need to pass data to several django forms in one mutation.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from graphene_django.forms.types import DjangoFormInputObjectType
+
+
+    class PetFormInput(DjangoFormInputObjectType):
+        # any other fields can be placed here as well as
+        # other djangoforminputobjects and intputobjects
+        class Meta:
+            form_class = PetForm
+            object_type = PetType
+
+    class QuestionFormInput(DjangoFormInputObjectType)
+        class Meta:
+            form_class = QuestionForm
+            object_type = QuestionType
+
+    class SeveralFormsInputData(graphene.InputObjectType):
+        pet = PetFormInput(required=True)
+        question = QuestionFormInput(required=True)
+
+    class SomeSophisticatedMutation(graphene.Mutation):
+        class Arguments:
+            data = SeveralFormsInputData(required=True)
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def mutate(_root, _info, data):
+            pet_form_inst = PetForm(data=data.pet)
+            question_form_inst = QuestionForm(data=data.question)
+
+            if pet_form_inst.is_valid():
+                pet_model_instance = pet_form_inst.save(commit=False)
+
+            if question_form_inst.is_valid():
+                question_model_instance = question_form_inst.save(commit=False)
+
+            # ...
+
+Additional to **InputObjectType** ``Meta`` class attributes:
+
+* ``form_class`` is required and should be equal to django form class.
+* ``object_type`` is not required and used to enable convertion of enum values back to original if model object type ``convert_choices_to_enum`` ``Meta`` class attribute is not set to ``False``. Any data field, which have choices in django, with value ``A_1`` (for example) from client will be automatically converted to ``1`` in mutation data.
+* ``add_id_field_name`` is used to specify `id` field name (not required, by default equal to ``id``)
+* ``add_id_field_type`` is used to specify `id` field type (not required, default is ``graphene.ID``)
 
 Django REST Framework
 ---------------------
@@ -151,7 +203,7 @@ customize the look up with the ``lookup_field`` attribute on the ``SerializerMut
 .. code:: python
 
     from graphene_django.rest_framework.mutation import SerializerMutation
-    from .serializers imoprt MyModelSerializer
+    from .serializers import MyModelSerializer
 
 
     class AwesomeModelMutation(SerializerMutation):
@@ -168,7 +220,7 @@ Use the method ``get_serializer_kwargs`` to override how updates are applied.
 .. code:: python
 
     from graphene_django.rest_framework.mutation import SerializerMutation
-    from .serializers imoprt MyModelSerializer
+    from .serializers import MyModelSerializer
 
 
     class AwesomeModelMutation(SerializerMutation):
@@ -199,7 +251,7 @@ You can use relay with mutations. A Relay mutation must inherit from
 
 .. code:: python
 
-    import graphene 
+    import graphene
     from graphene import relay
     from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
     from graphql_relay import from_global_id
@@ -229,3 +281,121 @@ This argument is also sent back to the client with the mutation result
 (you do not have to do anything). For services that manage
 a pool of many GraphQL requests in bulk, the ``clientIDMutation``
 allows you to match up a specific mutation with the response.
+
+
+
+Django Database Transactions
+----------------------------
+
+Django gives you a few ways to control how database transactions are managed.
+
+Tying transactions to HTTP requests
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A common way to handle transactions in Django is to wrap each request in a transaction.
+Set ``ATOMIC_REQUESTS`` settings to ``True`` in the configuration of each database for
+which you want to enable this behavior.
+
+It works like this. Before calling ``GraphQLView`` Django starts a transaction. If the
+response is produced without problems, Django commits the transaction. If the view, a
+``DjangoFormMutation`` or a ``DjangoModelFormMutation`` produces an exception, Django
+rolls back the transaction.
+
+.. warning::
+
+    While the simplicity of this transaction model is appealing, it also makes it
+    inefficient when traffic increases. Opening a transaction for every request has some
+    overhead. The impact on performance depends on the query patterns of your application
+    and on how well your database handles locking.
+
+Check the next section for a better solution.
+
+Tying transactions to mutations
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A mutation can contain multiple fields, just like a query. There's one important
+distinction between queries and mutations, other than the name:
+
+..
+
+    `While query fields are executed in parallel, mutation fields run in series, one
+    after the other.`
+
+This means that if we send two ``incrementCredits`` mutations in one request, the first
+is guaranteed to finish before the second begins, ensuring that we don't end up with a
+race condition with ourselves.
+
+On the other hand, if the first ``incrementCredits`` runs successfully but the second
+one does not, the operation cannot be retried as it is. That's why is a good idea to
+run all mutation fields in a transaction, to guarantee all occur or nothing occurs.
+
+To enable this behavior for all databases set the graphene ``ATOMIC_MUTATIONS`` settings
+to ``True`` in your settings file:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    GRAPHENE = {
+        # ...
+        "ATOMIC_MUTATIONS": True,
+    }
+
+On the contrary, if you want to enable this behavior for a specific database, set
+``ATOMIC_MUTATIONS`` to ``True`` in your database settings:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    DATABASES = {
+        "default": {
+            # ...
+            "ATOMIC_MUTATIONS": True,
+        },
+        # ...
+    }
+
+Now, given the following example mutation:
+
+.. code::
+
+    mutation IncreaseCreditsTwice {
+
+        increaseCredits1: increaseCredits(input: { amount: 10 }) {
+            balance
+            errors {
+                field
+                messages
+            }
+        }
+
+        increaseCredits2: increaseCredits(input: { amount: -1 }) {
+            balance
+            errors {
+                field
+                messages
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+The server is going to return something like:
+
+.. code:: json
+
+    {
+        "data": {
+            "increaseCredits1": {
+                "balance": 10.0,
+                "errors": []
+            },
+            "increaseCredits2": {
+                "balance": null,
+                "errors": [
+                    {
+                        "field": "amount",
+                        "message": "Amount should be a positive number"
+                    }
+                ]
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+But the balance will remain the same.

docs/queries.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+.. _queries-objecttypes:
+
 Queries & ObjectTypes
 =====================
 
@@ -18,78 +20,187 @@ Full example
     # my_app/schema.py
 
     import graphene
+    from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
 
-    from graphene_django.types import DjangoObjectType
     from .models import Question
 
-
     class QuestionType(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Question
+            fields = ("id", "question_text")
 
-
-    class Query:
+    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
         questions = graphene.List(QuestionType)
-        question = graphene.Field(QuestionType, question_id=graphene.String())
+        question_by_id = graphene.Field(QuestionType, id=graphene.String())
 
-        def resolve_questions(self, info, **kwargs):
+        def resolve_questions(root, info, **kwargs):
             # Querying a list
             return Question.objects.all()
 
-        def resolve_question(self, info, question_id):
+        def resolve_question_by_id(root, info, id):
             # Querying a single question
-            return Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)
+            return Question.objects.get(pk=id)
 
 
-Fields
-------
+Specifying which fields to include
+----------------------------------
 
 By default, ``DjangoObjectType`` will present all fields on a Model through GraphQL.
-If you don't want to do this you can change this by setting either ``only_fields`` and ``exclude_fields``.
+If you only want a subset of fields to be present, you can do so using
+``fields`` or ``exclude``. It is strongly recommended that you explicitly set
+all fields that should be exposed using the fields attribute.
+This will make it less likely to result in unintentionally exposing data when
+your models change.
 
-only_fields
-~~~~~~~~~~~
+Setting neither ``fields`` nor ``exclude`` is deprecated and will raise a warning, you should at least explicitly make
+``DjangoObjectType`` include all fields in the model as described below.
+
+``fields``
+~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Show **only** these fields on the model:
 
 .. code:: python
 
+    from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
+    from .models import Question
+
     class QuestionType(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Question
-            only_fields = ('question_text')
+            fields = ("id", "question_text")
 
+You can also set the ``fields`` attribute to the special value ``"__all__"`` to indicate that all fields in the model should be used.
 
-exclude_fields
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Show all fields **except** those in ``exclude_fields``:
+For example:
 
 .. code:: python
 
+    from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
+    from .models import Question
+
     class QuestionType(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Question
-            exclude_fields = ('question_text')
+            fields = "__all__"
 
 
-Customised fields
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+``exclude``
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Show all fields **except** those in ``exclude``:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
+    from .models import Question
+
+    class QuestionType(DjangoObjectType):
+        class Meta:
+            model = Question
+            exclude = ("question_text",)
+
+
+Customising fields
+------------------
 
 You can completely overwrite a field, or add new fields, to a ``DjangoObjectType`` using a Resolver:
 
 .. code:: python
 
+    from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
+    from .models import Question
+
     class QuestionType(DjangoObjectType):
 
         class Meta:
             model = Question
-            exclude_fields = ('question_text')
+            fields = ("id", "question_text")
 
         extra_field = graphene.String()
 
         def resolve_extra_field(self, info):
-            return 'hello!'
+            return "hello!"
+
+
+Choices to Enum conversion
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+By default Graphene-Django will convert any Django fields that have `choices`_
+defined into a GraphQL enum type.
+
+.. _choices: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/models/fields/#choices
+
+For example the following ``Model`` and ``DjangoObjectType``:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from django.db import models
+    from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
+
+    class PetModel(models.Model):
+        kind = models.CharField(
+            max_length=100,
+            choices=(("cat", "Cat"), ("dog", "Dog"))
+        )
+
+    class Pet(DjangoObjectType):
+        class Meta:
+            model = PetModel
+            fields = ("id", "kind",)
+
+Results in the following GraphQL schema definition:
+
+.. code:: graphql
+
+   type Pet {
+     id: ID!
+     kind: PetModelKind!
+   }
+
+   enum PetModelKind {
+     CAT
+     DOG
+   }
+
+You can disable this automatic conversion by setting
+``convert_choices_to_enum`` attribute to ``False`` on the ``DjangoObjectType``
+``Meta`` class.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
+    from .models import PetModel
+
+    class Pet(DjangoObjectType):
+        class Meta:
+            model = PetModel
+            fields = ("id", "kind",)
+            convert_choices_to_enum = False
+
+.. code:: graphql
+
+  type Pet {
+    id: ID!
+    kind: String!
+  }
+
+You can also set ``convert_choices_to_enum`` to a list of fields that should be
+automatically converted into enums:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
+    from .models import PetModel
+
+    class Pet(DjangoObjectType):
+        class Meta:
+            model = PetModel
+            fields = ("id", "kind",)
+            convert_choices_to_enum = ["kind"]
+
+**Note:** Setting ``convert_choices_to_enum = []`` is the same as setting it to
+``False``.
 
 
 Related models
@@ -99,6 +210,8 @@ Say you have the following models:
 
 .. code:: python
 
+    from django.db import models
+
     class Category(models.Model):
         foo = models.CharField(max_length=256)
 
@@ -110,10 +223,13 @@ When ``Question`` is published as a ``DjangoObjectType`` and you want to add ``C
 
 .. code:: python
 
+    from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
+    from .models import Question
+
     class QuestionType(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Question
-            only_fields = ('category',)
+            fields = ("category",)
 
 Then all query-able related models must be defined as DjangoObjectType subclass,
 or they will fail to show if you are trying to query those relation fields. You only
@@ -121,9 +237,15 @@ need to create the most basic class for this to work:
 
 .. code:: python
 
+    from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
+    from .models import Category
+
     class CategoryType(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Category
+            fields = ("foo",)
+
+.. _django-objecttype-get-queryset:
 
 Default QuerySet
 -----------------
@@ -136,10 +258,10 @@ Use this to control filtering on the ObjectType level instead of the Query objec
     from graphene_django.types import DjangoObjectType
     from .models import Question
 
-
     class QuestionType(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Question
+            fields = "__all__"
 
         @classmethod
         def get_queryset(cls, queryset, info):
@@ -156,18 +278,22 @@ This resolve method should follow this format:
 
 .. code:: python
 
-    def resolve_foo(self, info, **kwargs):
+    def resolve_foo(parent, info, **kwargs):
 
 Where "foo" is the name of the field declared in the ``Query`` object.
 
 .. code:: python
 
-    class Query:
+    import graphene
+    from .models import Question
+    from .types import QuestionType
+
+    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
         foo = graphene.List(QuestionType)
 
-        def resolve_foo(self, info, **kwargs):
-            id = kwargs.get('id')
-            return QuestionModel.objects.get(id)
+        def resolve_foo(root, info, **kwargs):
+            id = kwargs.get("id")
+            return Question.objects.get(id)
 
 Arguments
 ~~~~~~~~~
@@ -176,10 +302,18 @@ Additionally, Resolvers will receive **any arguments declared in the field defin
 
 .. code:: python
 
-    class Query:
-        question = graphene.Field(Question, foo=graphene.String(), bar=graphene.Int())
+    import graphene
+    from .models import Question
+    from .types import QuestionType
 
-        def resolve_question(self, info, foo, bar):
+    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
+        question = graphene.Field(
+            QuestionType,
+            foo=graphene.String(),
+            bar=graphene.Int()
+        )
+
+        def resolve_question(root, info, foo=None, bar=None):
             # If `foo` or `bar` are declared in the GraphQL query they will be here, else None.
             return Question.objects.filter(foo=foo, bar=bar).first()
 
@@ -194,12 +328,27 @@ of Django's ``HTTPRequest`` in your resolve methods, such as checking for authen
 
 .. code:: python
 
-    def resolve_questions(self, info, **kwargs):
-        # See if a user is authenticated
-        if info.context.user.is_authenticated():
-            return Question.objects.all()
-        else:
-            return Question.objects.none()
+    import graphene
+
+    from .models import Question
+    from .types import QuestionType
+
+    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
+        questions = graphene.List(QuestionType)
+
+        def resolve_questions(root, info):
+            # See if a user is authenticated
+            if info.context.user.is_authenticated():
+                return Question.objects.all()
+            else:
+                return Question.objects.none()
+
+
+DjangoObjectTypes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A Resolver that maps to a defined `DjangoObjectType` should only use methods that return a queryset.
+Queryset methods like `values` will return dictionaries, use `defer` instead.
 
 
 Plain ObjectTypes
@@ -214,15 +363,13 @@ Django models and your external API.
     import graphene
     from .models import Question
 
-
     class MyQuestion(graphene.ObjectType):
         text = graphene.String()
 
-
-    class Query:
+    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
         question = graphene.Field(MyQuestion, question_id=graphene.String())
 
-        def resolve_question(self, info, question_id):
+        def resolve_question(root, info, question_id):
             question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)
             return MyQuestion(
                 text=question.question_text
@@ -252,51 +399,48 @@ the core graphene pages for more information on customizing the Relay experience
     from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
     from .models import Question
 
-
     class QuestionType(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Question
-            interfaces = (relay.Node,)
-
+            interfaces = (relay.Node,)  # make sure you add this
+            fields = "__all__"
 
     class QuestionConnection(relay.Connection):
         class Meta:
             node = QuestionType
 
-
     class Query:
         questions = relay.ConnectionField(QuestionConnection)
 
         def resolve_questions(root, info, **kwargs):
             return Question.objects.all()
 
-
 You can now execute queries like:
 
 
-.. code:: python
+.. code:: graphql
 
     {
         questions (first: 2, after: "YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjEwNQ==") {
             pageInfo {
-            startCursor
-            endCursor
-            hasNextPage
-            hasPreviousPage
+                startCursor
+                endCursor
+                hasNextPage
+                hasPreviousPage
             }
             edges {
-            cursor
-            node {
-                id
-                question_text
-            }
+                cursor
+                node {
+                    id
+                    question_text
+                }
             }
         }
     }
 
 Which returns:
 
-.. code:: python
+.. code:: json
 
     {
         "data": {

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
-sphinx
+Sphinx==7.0.0
+sphinx-autobuild==2021.3.14
+pygments-graphql-lexer==0.1.0
 # Docs template
 http://graphene-python.org/sphinx_graphene_theme.zip

docs/schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import graphene
+
+from graphene_django.types import DjangoObjectType
+
+from cookbook.ingredients.models import Category, Ingredient
+
+
+class CategoryType(DjangoObjectType):
+    class Meta:
+        model = Category
+        fields = "__all__"
+
+
+class IngredientType(DjangoObjectType):
+    class Meta:
+        model = Ingredient
+        fields = "__all__"
+
+
+class Query:
+    category = graphene.Field(CategoryType, id=graphene.Int(), name=graphene.String())
+    all_categories = graphene.List(CategoryType)
+
+    ingredient = graphene.Field(
+        IngredientType, id=graphene.Int(), name=graphene.String()
+    )
+    all_ingredients = graphene.List(IngredientType)
+
+    def resolve_all_categories(self, info, **kwargs):
+        return Category.objects.all()
+
+    def resolve_all_ingredients(self, info, **kwargs):
+        return Ingredient.objects.all()
+
+    def resolve_category(self, info, **kwargs):
+        id = kwargs.get("id")
+        name = kwargs.get("name")
+
+        if id is not None:
+            return Category.objects.get(pk=id)
+
+        if name is not None:
+            return Category.objects.get(name=name)
+
+        return None
+
+    def resolve_ingredient(self, info, **kwargs):
+        id = kwargs.get("id")
+        name = kwargs.get("name")
+
+        if id is not None:
+            return Ingredient.objects.get(pk=id)
+
+        if name is not None:
+            return Ingredient.objects.get(name=name)
+
+        return None

docs/settings.rst

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Graphene-Django can be customised using settings. This page explains each settin
 Usage
 -----
 
-Add settings to your Django project by creating a Dictonary with name ``GRAPHENE`` in the project's ``settings.py``:
+Add settings to your Django project by creating a Dictionary with name ``GRAPHENE`` in the project's ``settings.py``:
 
 .. code:: python
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Default: ``None``
 
 
 ``SCHEMA_OUTPUT``
-----------
+-----------------
 
 The name of the file where the GraphQL schema output will go.
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Default: ``schema.json``
 
 
 ``SCHEMA_INDENT``
-----------
+-----------------
 
 The indentation level of the schema output.
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Default: ``2``
 
 
 ``MIDDLEWARE``
-----------
+--------------
 
 A tuple of middleware that will be executed for each GraphQL query.
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Default: ``()``
 
 
 ``RELAY_CONNECTION_ENFORCE_FIRST_OR_LAST``
-----------
+------------------------------------------
 
 Enforces relay queries to have the ``first`` or ``last`` argument.
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Default: ``False``
 
 
 ``RELAY_CONNECTION_MAX_LIMIT``
-----------
+------------------------------
 
 The maximum size of objects that can be requested through a relay connection.
 
@@ -101,3 +101,191 @@ Default: ``100``
     GRAPHENE = {
         'RELAY_CONNECTION_MAX_LIMIT': 100,
     }
+
+
+``CAMELCASE_ERRORS``
+--------------------
+
+When set to ``True`` field names in the ``errors`` object will be camel case.
+By default they will be snake case.
+
+Default: ``False``
+
+.. code:: python
+
+   GRAPHENE = {
+      'CAMELCASE_ERRORS': False,
+   }
+
+   # result = schema.execute(...)
+   print(result.errors)
+   # [
+   #     {
+   #         'field': 'test_field',
+   #         'messages': ['This field is required.'],
+   #     }
+   # ]
+
+.. code:: python
+
+   GRAPHENE = {
+      'CAMELCASE_ERRORS': True,
+   }
+
+   # result = schema.execute(...)
+   print(result.errors)
+   # [
+   #     {
+   #         'field': 'testField',
+   #         'messages': ['This field is required.'],
+   #     }
+   # ]
+
+
+``DJANGO_CHOICE_FIELD_ENUM_CONVERT``
+--------------------------------------
+
+When set to ``True`` Django choice fields are automatically converted into Enum types.
+
+Can be disabled globally by setting it to ``False``.
+
+Default: ``True``
+
+``DJANGO_CHOICE_FIELD_ENUM_V2_NAMING``
+--------------------------------------
+
+Set to ``True`` to use the old naming format for the auto generated Enum types from Django choice fields. The old format looks like this: ``{object_name}_{field_name}``
+
+Default: ``False``
+
+
+``DJANGO_CHOICE_FIELD_ENUM_CUSTOM_NAME``
+----------------------------------------
+
+Define the path of a function that takes the Django choice field and returns a string to completely customise the naming for the Enum type.
+
+If set to a function then the ``DJANGO_CHOICE_FIELD_ENUM_V2_NAMING`` setting is ignored.
+
+Default: ``None``
+
+.. code:: python
+
+   # myapp.utils
+   def enum_naming(field):
+      if isinstance(field.model, User):
+         return f"CustomUserEnum{field.name.title()}"
+      return f"CustomEnum{field.name.title()}"
+
+   GRAPHENE = {
+      'DJANGO_CHOICE_FIELD_ENUM_CUSTOM_NAME': "myapp.utils.enum_naming"
+   }
+
+
+``SUBSCRIPTION_PATH``
+---------------------
+
+Define an alternative URL path where subscription operations should be routed.
+
+The GraphiQL interface will use this setting to intelligently route subscription operations. This is useful if you have more advanced infrastructure requirements that prevent websockets from being handled at the same path (e.g., a WSGI server listening at ``/graphql`` and an ASGI server listening at ``/ws/graphql``).
+
+Default: ``None``
+
+.. code:: python
+
+   GRAPHENE = {
+      'SUBSCRIPTION_PATH': "/ws/graphql"
+   }
+
+
+``GRAPHIQL_HEADER_EDITOR_ENABLED``
+----------------------------------
+
+GraphiQL starting from version 1.0.0 allows setting custom headers in similar fashion to query variables.
+
+Set to ``False`` if you want to disable GraphiQL headers editor tab for some reason.
+
+This setting is passed to ``headerEditorEnabled`` GraphiQL options, for details refer to GraphiQLDocs_.
+
+Default: ``True``
+
+.. code:: python
+
+   GRAPHENE = {
+      'GRAPHIQL_HEADER_EDITOR_ENABLED': True,
+   }
+
+
+``TESTING_ENDPOINT``
+--------------------
+
+Define the graphql endpoint url used for the `GraphQLTestCase` class.
+
+Default: ``/graphql``
+
+.. code:: python
+
+   GRAPHENE = {
+      'TESTING_ENDPOINT': '/customEndpoint'
+   }
+
+
+``GRAPHIQL_SHOULD_PERSIST_HEADERS``
+-----------------------------------
+
+Set to ``True`` if you want to persist GraphiQL headers after refreshing the page.
+
+This setting is passed to ``shouldPersistHeaders`` GraphiQL options, for details refer to GraphiQLDocs_.
+
+
+Default: ``False``
+
+.. code:: python
+
+   GRAPHENE = {
+      'GRAPHIQL_SHOULD_PERSIST_HEADERS': False,
+   }
+
+
+``GRAPHIQL_INPUT_VALUE_DEPRECATION``
+------------------------------------
+
+Set to ``True`` if you want GraphiQL to show any deprecated fields on input object types' docs.
+
+For example, having this schema:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    class MyMutationInputType(graphene.InputObjectType):
+        old_field = graphene.String(deprecation_reason="You should now use 'newField' instead.")
+        new_field = graphene.String()
+
+    class MyMutation(graphene.Mutation):
+        class Arguments:
+            input = types.MyMutationInputType()
+
+GraphiQL will add a ``Show Deprecated Fields`` button to toggle information display on ``oldField`` and its deprecation
+reason. Otherwise, you would get neither a button nor any information at all on ``oldField``.
+
+This setting is passed to ``inputValueDeprecation`` GraphiQL options, for details refer to GraphiQLDocs_.
+
+Default: ``False``
+
+.. code:: python
+
+   GRAPHENE = {
+      'GRAPHIQL_INPUT_VALUE_DEPRECATION': False,
+   }
+
+
+.. _GraphiQLDocs: https://graphiql-test.netlify.app/typedoc/modules/graphiql_react#graphiqlprovider-2
+
+
+``MAX_VALIDATION_ERRORS``
+------------------------------------
+
+In case ``validation_rules`` are provided to ``GraphQLView``, if this is set to a non-negative ``int`` value,
+``graphql.validation.validate`` will stop validation after this number of errors has been reached.
+If not set or set to ``None``, the maximum number of errors will follow ``graphql.validation.validate`` default
+*i.e.* 100.
+
+Default: ``None``

docs/subscriptions.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+Subscriptions
+=============
+
+The ``graphene-django`` project does not currently support GraphQL subscriptions out of the box. However, there are
+several community-driven modules for adding subscription support, and the provided GraphiQL interface supports
+running subscription operations over a websocket.
+
+To implement websocket-based support for GraphQL subscriptions, you’ll need to do the following:
+
+1. Install and configure `django-channels <https://channels.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html>`_.
+2. Install and configure* a third-party module for adding subscription support over websockets. A few options include:
+
+   -  `graphql-python/graphql-ws <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-ws>`_
+   -  `datavance/django-channels-graphql-ws <https://github.com/datadvance/DjangoChannelsGraphqlWs>`_
+   -  `jaydenwindle/graphene-subscriptions <https://github.com/jaydenwindle/graphene-subscriptions>`_
+
+3. Ensure that your application (or at least your GraphQL endpoint) is being served via an ASGI protocol server like
+   daphne (built in to ``django-channels``), `uvicorn <https://www.uvicorn.org/>`_, or
+   `hypercorn <https://pgjones.gitlab.io/hypercorn/>`_.
+
+..
+
+   *** Note:** By default, the GraphiQL interface that comes with
+   ``graphene-django`` assumes that you are handling subscriptions at
+   the same path as any other operation (i.e., you configured both
+   ``urls.py`` and ``routing.py`` to handle GraphQL operations at the
+   same path, like ``/graphql``).
+
+   If these URLs differ, GraphiQL will try to run your subscription over
+   HTTP, which will produce an error. If you need to use a different URL
+   for handling websocket connections, you can configure
+   ``SUBSCRIPTION_PATH`` in your ``settings.py``:
+
+   .. code:: python
+
+      GRAPHENE = {
+          # ...
+          "SUBSCRIPTION_PATH": "/ws/graphql"  # The path you configured in `routing.py`, including a leading slash.
+      }
+
+Once your application is properly configured to handle subscriptions, you can use the GraphiQL interface to test
+subscriptions like any other operation.

docs/testing.rst

@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
 Testing API calls with django
 =============================
 
+Using unittest
+--------------
+
 If you want to unittest your API calls derive your test case from the class `GraphQLTestCase`.
 
+The default endpoint for testing is `/graphql`. You can override this in the `settings <https://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/django/en/latest/settings/#testing-endpoint>`__.
+
+
 Usage:
 
 .. code:: python
@@ -10,12 +16,8 @@ Usage:
     import json
 
     from graphene_django.utils.testing import GraphQLTestCase
-    from my_project.config.schema import schema
 
     class MyFancyTestCase(GraphQLTestCase):
-        # Here you need to inject your test case's schema
-        GRAPHQL_SCHEMA = schema
-
         def test_some_query(self):
             response = self.query(
                 '''
@@ -26,7 +28,29 @@ Usage:
                     }
                 }
                 ''',
-                op_name='myModel'
+                operation_name='myModel'
+            )
+
+            content = json.loads(response.content)
+
+            # This validates the status code and if you get errors
+            self.assertResponseNoErrors(response)
+
+            # Add some more asserts if you like
+            ...
+
+        def test_query_with_variables(self):
+            response = self.query(
+                '''
+                query myModel($id: Int!){
+                    myModel(id: $id) {
+                        id
+                        name
+                    }
+                }
+                ''',
+                operation_name='myModel',
+                variables={'id': 1}
             )
 
             content = json.loads(response.content)
@@ -49,7 +73,7 @@ Usage:
                     }
                 }
                 ''',
-                op_name='myMutation',
+                operation_name='myMutation',
                 input_data={'my_field': 'foo', 'other_field': 'bar'}
             )
 
@@ -58,3 +82,74 @@ Usage:
 
             # Add some more asserts if you like
             ...
+
+
+For testing mutations that are executed within a transaction you should subclass `GraphQLTransactionTestCase`
+
+Usage:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    import json
+
+    from graphene_django.utils.testing import GraphQLTransactionTestCase
+
+    class MyFancyTransactionTestCase(GraphQLTransactionTestCase):
+
+        def test_some_mutation_that_executes_within_a_transaction(self):
+            response = self.query(
+                '''
+                mutation myMutation($input: MyMutationInput!) {
+                    myMutation(input: $input) {
+                        my-model {
+                            id
+                            name
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                ''',
+                operation_name='myMutation',
+                input_data={'my_field': 'foo', 'other_field': 'bar'}
+            )
+
+            # This validates the status code and if you get errors
+            self.assertResponseNoErrors(response)
+
+            # Add some more asserts if you like
+            ...
+
+Using pytest
+------------
+
+To use pytest define a simple fixture using the query helper below
+
+.. code:: python
+
+        # Create a fixture using the graphql_query helper and `client` fixture from `pytest-django`.
+        import json
+        import pytest
+        from graphene_django.utils.testing import graphql_query
+
+        @pytest.fixture
+        def client_query(client):
+            def func(*args, **kwargs):
+                return graphql_query(*args, **kwargs, client=client)
+
+            return func
+
+        # Test you query using the client_query fixture
+        def test_some_query(client_query):
+            response = client_query(
+                '''
+                query {
+                    myModel {
+                        id
+                        name
+                    }
+                }
+                ''',
+                operation_name='myModel'
+            )
+
+            content = json.loads(response.content)
+            assert 'errors' not in content

docs/tutorial-plain.rst

@@ -3,15 +3,11 @@ Basic Tutorial
 
 Graphene Django has a number of additional features that are designed to make
 working with Django easy. Our primary focus in this tutorial is to give a good
-understanding of how to connect models from Django ORM to graphene object types.
+understanding of how to connect models from Django ORM to Graphene object types.
 
 Set up the Django project
 -------------------------
 
-You can find the entire project in ``examples/cookbook-plain``.
-
-----
-
 We will set up the project, create the following:
 
 -  A Django project called ``cookbook``
@@ -28,18 +24,18 @@ We will set up the project, create the following:
     source env/bin/activate  # On Windows use `env\Scripts\activate`
 
     # Install Django and Graphene with Django support
-    pip install django
-    pip install graphene_django
+    pip install django graphene_django
 
     # Set up a new project with a single application
-    django-admin.py startproject cookbook .  # Note the trailing '.' character
+    django-admin startproject cookbook .  # Note the trailing '.' character
     cd cookbook
-    django-admin.py startapp ingredients
+    django-admin startapp ingredients
 
 Now sync your database for the first time:
 
 .. code:: bash
 
+    cd ..
     python manage.py migrate
 
 Let's create a few simple models...
@@ -54,19 +50,18 @@ Let's get started with these models:
     # cookbook/ingredients/models.py
     from django.db import models
 
-
     class Category(models.Model):
         name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
 
         def __str__(self):
             return self.name
 
-
     class Ingredient(models.Model):
         name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
         notes = models.TextField()
         category = models.ForeignKey(
-            Category, related_name='ingredients', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
+            Category, related_name="ingredients", on_delete=models.CASCADE
+        )
 
         def __str__(self):
             return self.name
@@ -75,12 +70,26 @@ Add ingredients as INSTALLED_APPS:
 
 .. code:: python
 
+    # cookbook/settings.py
+
     INSTALLED_APPS = [
         ...
         # Install the ingredients app
-        'cookbook.ingredients',
+        "cookbook.ingredients",
     ]
 
+Make sure the app name in ``cookbook.ingredients.apps.IngredientsConfig`` is set to ``cookbook.ingredients``.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # cookbook/ingredients/apps.py
+
+    from django.apps import AppConfig
+
+
+    class IngredientsConfig(AppConfig):
+        default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
+        name = 'cookbook.ingredients'
 
 Don't forget to create & run migrations:
 
@@ -95,20 +104,20 @@ Load some test data
 
 Now is a good time to load up some test data. The easiest option will be
 to `download the
-ingredients.json <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/master/examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/fixtures/ingredients.json>`__
+ingredients.json <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/main/examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/fixtures/ingredients.json>`__
 fixture and place it in
 ``cookbook/ingredients/fixtures/ingredients.json``. You can then run the
 following:
 
 .. code:: bash
 
-    $ python ./manage.py loaddata ingredients
+    python manage.py loaddata ingredients
 
     Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
 
 Alternatively you can use the Django admin interface to create some data
 yourself. You'll need to run the development server (see below), and
-create a login for yourself too (``./manage.py createsuperuser``).
+create a login for yourself too (``python manage.py createsuperuser``).
 
 Register models with admin panel:
 
@@ -138,66 +147,48 @@ order to create this representation, Graphene needs to know about each
 This graph also has a *root type* through which all access begins. This
 is the ``Query`` class below.
 
-This means, for each of our models, we are going to create a type, subclassing ``DjangoObjectType``
+To create GraphQL types for each of our Django models, we are going to subclass the ``DjangoObjectType`` class which will automatically define GraphQL fields that correspond to the fields on the Django models.
 
 After we've done that, we will list those types as fields in the ``Query`` class.
 
-Create ``cookbook/ingredients/schema.py`` and type the following:
+Create ``cookbook/schema.py`` and type the following:
 
 .. code:: python
 
-    # cookbook/ingredients/schema.py
+    # cookbook/schema.py
     import graphene
-
-    from graphene_django.types import DjangoObjectType
+    from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
 
     from cookbook.ingredients.models import Category, Ingredient
 
-
     class CategoryType(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Category
-
+            fields = ("id", "name", "ingredients")
 
     class IngredientType(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Ingredient
+            fields = ("id", "name", "notes", "category")
 
-
-    class Query(object):
-        all_categories = graphene.List(CategoryType)
+    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
         all_ingredients = graphene.List(IngredientType)
+        category_by_name = graphene.Field(CategoryType, name=graphene.String(required=True))
 
-        def resolve_all_categories(self, info, **kwargs):
-            return Category.objects.all()
-
-        def resolve_all_ingredients(self, info, **kwargs):
+        def resolve_all_ingredients(root, info):
             # We can easily optimize query count in the resolve method
-            return Ingredient.objects.select_related('category').all()
+            return Ingredient.objects.select_related("category").all()
 
-
-Note that the above ``Query`` class is a mixin, inheriting from
-``object``. This is because we will now create a project-level query
-class which will combine all our app-level mixins.
-
-Create the parent project-level ``cookbook/schema.py``:
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    import graphene
-
-    import cookbook.ingredients.schema
-
-
-    class Query(cookbook.ingredients.schema.Query, graphene.ObjectType):
-        # This class will inherit from multiple Queries
-        # as we begin to add more apps to our project
-        pass
+        def resolve_category_by_name(root, info, name):
+            try:
+                return Category.objects.get(name=name)
+            except Category.DoesNotExist:
+                return None
 
     schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
 
 You can think of this as being something like your top-level ``urls.py``
-file (although it currently lacks any namespacing).
+file.
 
 Testing everything so far
 -------------------------
@@ -216,18 +207,21 @@ Add ``graphene_django`` to ``INSTALLED_APPS`` in ``cookbook/settings.py``:
 
 .. code:: python
 
+    # cookbook/settings.py
+
     INSTALLED_APPS = [
         ...
-        # This will also make the `graphql_schema` management command available
-        'graphene_django',
+        "graphene_django",
     ]
 
 And then add the ``SCHEMA`` to the ``GRAPHENE`` config in ``cookbook/settings.py``:
 
 .. code:: python
 
+    # cookbook/settings.py
+
     GRAPHENE = {
-        'SCHEMA': 'cookbook.schema.schema'
+        "SCHEMA": "cookbook.schema.schema"
     }
 
 Alternatively, we can specify the schema to be used in the urls definition,
@@ -245,14 +239,17 @@ aforementioned GraphiQL we specify that on the parameters with ``graphiql=True``
 
 .. code:: python
 
-    from django.conf.urls import url, include
+    # cookbook/urls.py
+
     from django.contrib import admin
+    from django.urls import path
+    from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
 
     from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView
 
     urlpatterns = [
-        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
-        url(r'^graphql$', GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True)),
+        path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
+        path("graphql", csrf_exempt(GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True))),
     ]
 
 
@@ -261,16 +258,19 @@ as explained above, we can do so here using:
 
 .. code:: python
 
-    from django.conf.urls import url, include
+    # cookbook/urls.py
+
     from django.contrib import admin
+    from django.urls import path
+    from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
 
     from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView
 
     from cookbook.schema import schema
 
     urlpatterns = [
-        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
-        url(r'^graphql$', GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True, schema=schema)),
+        path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
+        path("graphql", csrf_exempt(GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True, schema=schema))),
     ]
 
 
@@ -283,10 +283,10 @@ from the command line.
 
 .. code:: bash
 
-    $ python ./manage.py runserver
+    python manage.py runserver
 
     Performing system checks...
-    Django version 1.9, using settings 'cookbook.settings'
+    Django version 3.0.7, using settings 'cookbook.settings'
     Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
     Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
 
@@ -329,24 +329,25 @@ If you are using the provided fixtures, you will see the following response:
       }
     }
 
-You can experiment with ``allCategories`` too.
 
-Something to have in mind is the `auto camelcasing <http://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/types/schema/#auto-camelcase-field-names>`__ that is happening.
+Congratulations, you have created a working GraphQL server 🥳!
+
+Note: Graphene `automatically camelcases <http://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/types/schema/#auto-camelcase-field-names>`__ all field names for better compatibility with JavaScript clients.
 
 
 Getting relations
 -----------------
 
-Right now, with this simple setup in place, we can query for relations too. This is where graphql becomes really powerful!
+Using the current schema we can query for relations too. This is where GraphQL becomes really powerful!
 
-For example, we may want to list all categories and in each category, all ingredients that are in that category.
+For example, we may want to get a specific categories and list all ingredients that are in that category.
 
 We can do that with the following query:
 
 .. code::
 
     query {
-      allCategories {
+      categoryByName(name: "Dairy") {
         id
         name
         ingredients {
@@ -356,43 +357,26 @@ We can do that with the following query:
       }
     }
 
-
 This will give you (in case you are using the fixtures) the following result:
 
 .. code::
 
     {
       "data": {
-        "allCategories": [
-          {
-            "id": "1",
-            "name": "Dairy",
-            "ingredients": [
-              {
-                "id": "1",
-                "name": "Eggs"
-              },
-              {
-                "id": "2",
-                "name": "Milk"
-              }
-            ]
-          },
-          {
-            "id": "2",
-            "name": "Meat",
-            "ingredients": [
-              {
-                "id": "3",
-                "name": "Beef"
-              },
-              {
-                "id": "4",
-                "name": "Chicken"
-              }
-            ]
-          }
-        ]
+        "categoryByName": {
+          "id": "1",
+          "name": "Dairy",
+          "ingredients": [
+            {
+              "id": "1",
+              "name": "Eggs"
+            },
+            {
+              "id": "2",
+              "name": "Milk"
+            }
+          ]
+        }
       }
     }
 
@@ -411,128 +395,12 @@ We can also list all ingredients and get information for the category they are i
       }
     }
 
-Getting single objects
-----------------------
-
-So far, we have been able to fetch list of objects and follow relation. But what about single objects?
-
-We can update our schema to support that, by adding new query for ``ingredient`` and ``category`` and adding arguments, so we can query for specific objects.
-
-.. code:: python
-
-  import graphene
-
-  from graphene_django.types import DjangoObjectType
-
-  from cookbook.ingredients.models import Category, Ingredient
-
-
-  class CategoryType(DjangoObjectType):
-      class Meta:
-          model = Category
-
-
-  class IngredientType(DjangoObjectType):
-      class Meta:
-          model = Ingredient
-
-
-  class Query(object):
-      category = graphene.Field(CategoryType,
-                                id=graphene.Int(),
-                                name=graphene.String())
-      all_categories = graphene.List(CategoryType)
-
-
-      ingredient = graphene.Field(IngredientType,
-                                  id=graphene.Int(),
-                                  name=graphene.String())
-      all_ingredients = graphene.List(IngredientType)
-
-      def resolve_all_categories(self, info, **kwargs):
-          return Category.objects.all()
-
-      def resolve_all_ingredients(self, info, **kwargs):
-          return Ingredient.objects.all()
-
-      def resolve_category(self, info, **kwargs):
-          id = kwargs.get('id')
-          name = kwargs.get('name')
-
-          if id is not None:
-              return Category.objects.get(pk=id)
-
-          if name is not None:
-              return Category.objects.get(name=name)
-
-          return None
-
-      def resolve_ingredient(self, info, **kwargs):
-          id = kwargs.get('id')
-          name = kwargs.get('name')
-
-          if id is not None:
-              return Ingredient.objects.get(pk=id)
-
-          if name is not None:
-              return Ingredient.objects.get(name=name)
-
-          return None
-
-Now, with the code in place, we can query for single objects.
-
-For example, lets query ``category``:
-
-
-.. code::
-
-    query {
-      category(id: 1) {
-        name
-      }
-      anotherCategory: category(name: "Dairy") {
-        ingredients {
-          id
-          name
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-This will give us the following results:
-
-.. code::
-
-    {
-      "data": {
-        "category": {
-          "name": "Dairy"
-        },
-        "anotherCategory": {
-          "ingredients": [
-            {
-              "id": "1",
-              "name": "Eggs"
-            },
-            {
-              "id": "2",
-              "name": "Milk"
-            }
-          ]
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-As an exercise, you can try making some queries to ``ingredient``.
-
-Something to keep in mind - since we are using one field several times in our query, we need `aliases <http://graphql.org/learn/queries/#aliases>`__
-
-
 Summary
 -------
 
-As you can see, GraphQL is very powerful but there are a lot of repetitions in our example. We can do a lot of improvements by adding layers of abstraction on top of ``graphene-django``.
+As you can see, GraphQL is very powerful and integrating Django models allows you to get started with a working server quickly.
 
-If you want to put things like ``django-filter`` and automatic pagination in action, you should continue with the **relay tutorial.**
+If you want to put things like ``django-filter`` and automatic pagination in action, you should continue with the :ref:`Relay tutorial`.
 
-A good idea is to check the `graphene <http://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/>`__
-documentation but it is not essential to understand and use Graphene-Django in your project.
+A good idea is to check the `Graphene <http://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/>`__
+documentation so that you are familiar with it as well.

docs/tutorial-relay.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+.. _Relay tutorial:
+
 Relay tutorial
 ========================================
 
@@ -5,12 +7,12 @@ Graphene has a number of additional features that are designed to make
 working with Django *really simple*.
 
 Note: The code in this quickstart is pulled from the `cookbook example
-app <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/tree/master/examples/cookbook>`__.
+app <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/tree/main/examples/cookbook>`__.
 
 A good idea is to check the following things first:
 
 * `Graphene Relay documentation <http://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/relay/>`__
-* `GraphQL Relay Specification <https://facebook.github.io/relay/docs/en/graphql-server-specification.html>`__
+* `GraphQL Relay Specification <https://relay.dev/docs/guides/graphql-server-specification/>`__
 
 Setup the Django project
 ------------------------
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ Let's get started with these models:
     class Ingredient(models.Model):
         name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
         notes = models.TextField()
-        category = models.ForeignKey(Category, related_name='ingredients')
+        category = models.ForeignKey(Category, related_name='ingredients', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 
         def __str__(self):
             return self.name
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ Load some test data
 
 Now is a good time to load up some test data. The easiest option will be
 to `download the
-ingredients.json <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/master/examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/fixtures/ingredients.json>`__
+ingredients.json <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/main/examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/fixtures/ingredients.json>`__
 fixture and place it in
 ``cookbook/ingredients/fixtures/ingredients.json``. You can then run the
 following:
@@ -130,6 +132,7 @@ Create ``cookbook/ingredients/schema.py`` and type the following:
     class CategoryNode(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Category
+            fields = '__all__'
             filter_fields = ['name', 'ingredients']
             interfaces = (relay.Node, )
 
@@ -137,6 +140,7 @@ Create ``cookbook/ingredients/schema.py`` and type the following:
     class IngredientNode(DjangoObjectType):
         class Meta:
             model = Ingredient
+            fields = '__all__'
             # Allow for some more advanced filtering here
             filter_fields = {
                 'name': ['exact', 'icontains', 'istartswith'],
@@ -147,7 +151,7 @@ Create ``cookbook/ingredients/schema.py`` and type the following:
             interfaces = (relay.Node, )
 
 
-    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
+    class Query(ObjectType):
         category = relay.Node.Field(CategoryNode)
         all_categories = DjangoFilterConnectionField(CategoryNode)
 
@@ -277,7 +281,7 @@ from the command line.
     $ python ./manage.py runserver
 
     Performing system checks...
-    Django version 1.9, using settings 'cookbook.settings'
+    Django version 3.1.7, using settings 'cookbook.settings'
     Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
     Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
 

docs/validation.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+Query Validation
+================
+
+Graphene-Django supports query validation by allowing passing a list of validation rules (subclasses of `ValidationRule <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-core/blob/v3.2.3/src/graphql/validation/rules/__init__.py>`_ from graphql-core) to the ``validation_rules`` option in ``GraphQLView``.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from django.urls import path
+    from graphene.validation import DisableIntrospection
+    from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView
+
+    urlpatterns = [
+        path("graphql", GraphQLView.as_view(validation_rules=(DisableIntrospection,))),
+    ]
+
+or
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from django.urls import path
+    from graphene.validation import DisableIntrospection
+    from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView
+
+    class View(GraphQLView):
+        validation_rules = (DisableIntrospection,)
+
+    urlpatterns = [
+        path("graphql", View.as_view()),
+    ]

examples/cookbook-plain/README.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ whole Graphene repository:
 ```bash
 # Get the example project code
 git clone https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django.git
-cd graphene-django/examples/cookbook
+cd graphene-django/examples/cookbook-plain
 ```
 
 It is good idea (but not required) to create a virtual environment
@@ -62,3 +62,12 @@ Now head on over to
 and run some queries!
 (See the [Graphene-Django Tutorial](http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/django/en/latest/tutorial-plain/#testing-our-graphql-schema)
 for some example queries)
+
+Testing local graphene-django changes
+-------------------------------------
+
+In `requirements.txt`, replace the entire `graphene-django=...` line with the following (so that we install the local version instead of the one from PyPI):
+
+```
+../../  # graphene-django
+```

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/admin.py

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ from cookbook.ingredients.models import Category, Ingredient
 
 @admin.register(Ingredient)
 class IngredientAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_display = ('id', 'name', 'category')
-    list_editable = ('name', 'category')
+    list_display = ("id", "name", "category")
+    list_editable = ("name", "category")
 
 
 admin.site.register(Category)

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/apps.py

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 
 class IngredientsConfig(AppConfig):
-    name = 'cookbook.ingredients'
-    label = 'ingredients'
-    verbose_name = 'Ingredients'
+    name = "cookbook.ingredients"
+    label = "ingredients"
+    verbose_name = "Ingredients"

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/fixtures/ingredients.json

@@ -1 +1,52 @@
-[{"model": "ingredients.category", "pk": 1, "fields": {"name": "Dairy"}}, {"model": "ingredients.category", "pk": 2, "fields": {"name": "Meat"}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 1, "fields": {"name": "Eggs", "notes": "Good old eggs", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 2, "fields": {"name": "Milk", "notes": "Comes from a cow", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 3, "fields": {"name": "Beef", "notes": "Much like milk, this comes from a cow", "category": 2}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 4, "fields": {"name": "Chicken", "notes": "Definitely doesn't come from a cow", "category": 2}}]
+[
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "name": "Dairy"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.category",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "name": "Meat"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.category",
+    "pk": 2
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Eggs",
+      "notes": "Good old eggs"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Milk",
+      "notes": "Comes from a cow"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 2
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 2,
+      "name": "Beef",
+      "notes": "Much like milk, this comes from a cow"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 3
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 2,
+      "name": "Chicken",
+      "notes": "Definitely doesn't come from a cow"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 4
+  }
+]

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,33 +1,52 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2015-12-04 18:15
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-
     initial = True
 
-    dependencies = [
-    ]
+    dependencies = []
 
     operations = [
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Category',
+            name="Category",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
-                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True,
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("name", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
             ],
         ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Ingredient',
+            name="Ingredient",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
-                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
-                ('notes', models.TextField()),
-                ('category', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='ingredients', to='ingredients.Category')),
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True,
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("name", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                ("notes", models.TextField()),
+                (
+                    "category",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
+                        related_name="ingredients",
+                        to="ingredients.Category",
+                    ),
+                ),
             ],
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/migrations/0002_auto_20161104_0050.py

@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2016-11-04 00:50
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-
     dependencies = [
-        ('ingredients', '0001_initial'),
+        ("ingredients", "0001_initial"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name='ingredient',
-            name='notes',
+            model_name="ingredient",
+            name="notes",
             field=models.TextField(blank=True, null=True),
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/migrations/0003_auto_20181018_1746.py

@@ -4,14 +4,13 @@ from django.db import migrations
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-
     dependencies = [
-        ('ingredients', '0002_auto_20161104_0050'),
+        ("ingredients", "0002_auto_20161104_0050"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.AlterModelOptions(
-            name='category',
-            options={'verbose_name_plural': 'Categories'},
+            name="category",
+            options={"verbose_name_plural": "Categories"},
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/models.py

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ from django.db import models
 
 class Category(models.Model):
     class Meta:
-        verbose_name_plural = 'Categories'
+        verbose_name_plural = "Categories"
+
     name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
 
     def __str__(self):
@@ -13,7 +14,9 @@ class Category(models.Model):
 class Ingredient(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
     notes = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
-    category = models.ForeignKey(Category, related_name='ingredients', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
+    category = models.ForeignKey(
+        Category, related_name="ingredients", on_delete=models.CASCADE
+    )
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.name

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/schema.py

@@ -7,22 +7,22 @@ from .models import Category, Ingredient
 class CategoryType(DjangoObjectType):
     class Meta:
         model = Category
+        fields = "__all__"
 
 
 class IngredientType(DjangoObjectType):
     class Meta:
         model = Ingredient
+        fields = "__all__"
 
 
-class Query(object):
-    category = graphene.Field(CategoryType,
-                              id=graphene.Int(),
-                              name=graphene.String())
+class Query:
+    category = graphene.Field(CategoryType, id=graphene.Int(), name=graphene.String())
     all_categories = graphene.List(CategoryType)
 
-    ingredient = graphene.Field(IngredientType,
-                                id=graphene.Int(),
-                                name=graphene.String())
+    ingredient = graphene.Field(
+        IngredientType, id=graphene.Int(), name=graphene.String()
+    )
     all_ingredients = graphene.List(IngredientType)
 
     def resolve_all_categories(self, context):
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class Query(object):
 
     def resolve_all_ingredients(self, context):
         # We can easily optimize query count in the resolve method
-        return Ingredient.objects.select_related('category').all()
+        return Ingredient.objects.select_related("category").all()
 
     def resolve_category(self, context, id=None, name=None):
         if id is not None:

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/tests.py

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-
 # Create your tests here.

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/ingredients/views.py

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-
 # Create your views here.

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/recipes/apps.py

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 
 class RecipesConfig(AppConfig):
-    name = 'cookbook.recipes'
-    label = 'recipes'
-    verbose_name = 'Recipes'
+    name = "cookbook.recipes"
+    label = "recipes"
+    verbose_name = "Recipes"

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/recipes/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,36 +1,69 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2015-12-04 18:20
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-
     initial = True
 
     dependencies = [
-        ('ingredients', '0001_initial'),
+        ("ingredients", "0001_initial"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Recipe',
+            name="Recipe",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
-                ('title', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
-                ('instructions', models.TextField()),
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True,
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("title", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                ("instructions", models.TextField()),
             ],
         ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='RecipeIngredient',
+            name="RecipeIngredient",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
-                ('amount', models.FloatField()),
-                ('unit', models.CharField(choices=[('kg', 'Kilograms'), ('l', 'Litres'), ('', 'Units')], max_length=20)),
-                ('ingredient', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='used_by', to='ingredients.Ingredient')),
-                ('recipes', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='amounts', to='recipes.Recipe')),
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True,
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("amount", models.FloatField()),
+                (
+                    "unit",
+                    models.CharField(
+                        choices=[("kg", "Kilograms"), ("l", "Litres"), ("", "Units")],
+                        max_length=20,
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "ingredient",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
+                        related_name="used_by",
+                        to="ingredients.Ingredient",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "recipes",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
+                        related_name="amounts",
+                        to="recipes.Recipe",
+                    ),
+                ),
             ],
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/recipes/migrations/0002_auto_20161104_0106.py

@@ -1,25 +1,30 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2016-11-04 01:06
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-
     dependencies = [
-        ('recipes', '0001_initial'),
+        ("recipes", "0001_initial"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.RenameField(
-            model_name='recipeingredient',
-            old_name='recipes',
-            new_name='recipe',
+            model_name="recipeingredient",
+            old_name="recipes",
+            new_name="recipe",
         ),
         migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name='recipeingredient',
-            name='unit',
-            field=models.CharField(choices=[(b'unit', b'Units'), (b'kg', b'Kilograms'), (b'l', b'Litres'), (b'st', b'Shots')], max_length=20),
+            model_name="recipeingredient",
+            name="unit",
+            field=models.CharField(
+                choices=[
+                    (b"unit", b"Units"),
+                    (b"kg", b"Kilograms"),
+                    (b"l", b"Litres"),
+                    (b"st", b"Shots"),
+                ],
+                max_length=20,
+            ),
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/recipes/migrations/0003_auto_20181018_1728.py

@@ -4,15 +4,22 @@ from django.db import migrations, models
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-
     dependencies = [
-        ('recipes', '0002_auto_20161104_0106'),
+        ("recipes", "0002_auto_20161104_0106"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name='recipeingredient',
-            name='unit',
-            field=models.CharField(choices=[('unit', 'Units'), ('kg', 'Kilograms'), ('l', 'Litres'), ('st', 'Shots')], max_length=20),
+            model_name="recipeingredient",
+            name="unit",
+            field=models.CharField(
+                choices=[
+                    ("unit", "Units"),
+                    ("kg", "Kilograms"),
+                    ("l", "Litres"),
+                    ("st", "Shots"),
+                ],
+                max_length=20,
+            ),
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/recipes/models.py

@@ -6,17 +6,23 @@ from ..ingredients.models import Ingredient
 class Recipe(models.Model):
     title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
     instructions = models.TextField()
+
     def __str__(self):
         return self.title
 
 
 class RecipeIngredient(models.Model):
-    recipe = models.ForeignKey(Recipe, related_name='amounts', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
-    ingredient = models.ForeignKey(Ingredient, related_name='used_by', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
+    recipe = models.ForeignKey(Recipe, related_name="amounts", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
+    ingredient = models.ForeignKey(
+        Ingredient, related_name="used_by", on_delete=models.CASCADE
+    )
     amount = models.FloatField()
-    unit = models.CharField(max_length=20, choices=(
-        ('unit', 'Units'),
-        ('kg', 'Kilograms'),
-        ('l', 'Litres'),
-        ('st', 'Shots'),
-    ))
+    unit = models.CharField(
+        max_length=20,
+        choices=(
+            ("unit", "Units"),
+            ("kg", "Kilograms"),
+            ("l", "Litres"),
+            ("st", "Shots"),
+        ),
+    )

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/recipes/schema.py

@@ -7,21 +7,20 @@ from .models import Recipe, RecipeIngredient
 class RecipeType(DjangoObjectType):
     class Meta:
         model = Recipe
+        fields = "__all__"
 
 
 class RecipeIngredientType(DjangoObjectType):
     class Meta:
         model = RecipeIngredient
+        fields = "__all__"
 
 
-class Query(object):
-    recipe = graphene.Field(RecipeType,
-                            id=graphene.Int(),
-                            title=graphene.String())
+class Query:
+    recipe = graphene.Field(RecipeType, id=graphene.Int(), title=graphene.String())
     all_recipes = graphene.List(RecipeType)
 
-    recipeingredient = graphene.Field(RecipeIngredientType,
-                                      id=graphene.Int())
+    recipeingredient = graphene.Field(RecipeIngredientType, id=graphene.Int())
     all_recipeingredients = graphene.List(RecipeIngredientType)
 
     def resolve_recipe(self, context, id=None, title=None):
@@ -43,5 +42,5 @@ class Query(object):
         return Recipe.objects.all()
 
     def resolve_all_recipeingredients(self, context):
-        related = ['recipe', 'ingredient']
+        related = ["recipe", "ingredient"]
         return RecipeIngredient.objects.select_related(*related).all()

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/recipes/tests.py

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-
 # Create your tests here.

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/recipes/views.py

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-
 # Create your views here.

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/schema.py

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-import cookbook.ingredients.schema
-import cookbook.recipes.schema
 import graphene
-
 from graphene_django.debug import DjangoDebug
 
+import cookbook.ingredients.schema
+import cookbook.recipes.schema
 
-class Query(cookbook.ingredients.schema.Query,
-            cookbook.recipes.schema.Query,
-            graphene.ObjectType):
-    debug = graphene.Field(DjangoDebug, name='_debug')
+
+class Query(
+    cookbook.ingredients.schema.Query,
+    cookbook.recipes.schema.Query,
+    graphene.ObjectType,
+):
+    debug = graphene.Field(DjangoDebug, name="_debug")
 
 
 schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/settings.py

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ Django settings for cookbook project.
 Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.9.
 
 For more information on this file, see
-https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/settings/
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/settings/
 
 For the full list of settings and their values, see
-https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/
 """
 
 import os
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 
 
 # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
-# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/deployment/checklist/
+# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/checklist/
 
 # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
-SECRET_KEY = '_$=$%eqxk$8ss4n7mtgarw^5$8^d5+c83!vwatr@i_81myb=e4'
+SECRET_KEY = "_$=$%eqxk$8ss4n7mtgarw^5$8^d5+c83!vwatr@i_81myb=e4"
 
 # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
 DEBUG = True
@@ -32,93 +32,86 @@ ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
 # Application definition
 
 INSTALLED_APPS = [
-    'django.contrib.admin',
-    'django.contrib.auth',
-    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
-    'django.contrib.sessions',
-    'django.contrib.messages',
-    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
-    'graphene_django',
-
-    'cookbook.ingredients.apps.IngredientsConfig',
-    'cookbook.recipes.apps.RecipesConfig',
+    "django.contrib.admin",
+    "django.contrib.auth",
+    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
+    "django.contrib.sessions",
+    "django.contrib.messages",
+    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
+    "graphene_django",
+    "cookbook.ingredients.apps.IngredientsConfig",
+    "cookbook.recipes.apps.RecipesConfig",
 ]
 
 MIDDLEWARE = [
-    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
-    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
-    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
-    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
+    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
 ]
 
 GRAPHENE = {
-    'SCHEMA': 'cookbook.schema.schema',
-    'SCHEMA_INDENT': 2,
-    'MIDDLEWARE': (
-        'graphene_django.debug.DjangoDebugMiddleware',
-    )
+    "SCHEMA": "cookbook.schema.schema",
+    "SCHEMA_INDENT": 2,
+    "MIDDLEWARE": ("graphene_django.debug.DjangoDebugMiddleware",),
 }
 
-ROOT_URLCONF = 'cookbook.urls'
+ROOT_URLCONF = "cookbook.urls"
 
 TEMPLATES = [
     {
-        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
-        'DIRS': [],
-        'APP_DIRS': True,
-        'OPTIONS': {
-            'context_processors': [
-                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
-                'django.template.context_processors.request',
-                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
-                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
-            ],
+        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
+        "DIRS": [],
+        "APP_DIRS": True,
+        "OPTIONS": {
+            "context_processors": [
+                "django.template.context_processors.debug",
+                "django.template.context_processors.request",
+                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
+                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
+            ]
         },
-    },
+    }
 ]
 
-WSGI_APPLICATION = 'cookbook.wsgi.application'
+WSGI_APPLICATION = "cookbook.wsgi.application"
 
 
 # Database
-# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#databases
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#databases
 
 DATABASES = {
-    'default': {
-        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
-        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
+    "default": {
+        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
+        "NAME": os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "db.sqlite3"),
     }
 }
 
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field
+DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = "django.db.models.AutoField"
 
 # Password validation
-# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
 
 AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
     {
-        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
-    },
-    {
-        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
-    },
-    {
-        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
-    },
-    {
-        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
+        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator"
     },
+    {"NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator"},
+    {"NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator"},
+    {"NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator"},
 ]
 
 
 # Internationalization
-# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/i18n/
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/i18n/
 
-LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
+LANGUAGE_CODE = "en-us"
 
-TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
+TIME_ZONE = "UTC"
 
 USE_I18N = True
 
@@ -128,6 +121,6 @@ USE_TZ = True
 
 
 # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
-# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/static-files/
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/static-files/
 
-STATIC_URL = '/static/'
+STATIC_URL = "/static/"

examples/cookbook-plain/cookbook/urls.py

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-from django.urls import path
 from django.contrib import admin
+from django.urls import path
 
 from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView
 
-
 urlpatterns = [
-    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
-    path('graphql/', GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True)),
+    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
+    path("graphql/", GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True)),
 ]

examples/cookbook-plain/requirements.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+django~=3.2
 graphene
-graphene-django
-graphql-core>=2.1rc1
-django==2.1.6
+graphene-django>=3.1

examples/cookbook/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Cookbook Example Django Project
+Cookbook Example (Relay) Django Project
 ===============================
 
 This example project demos integration between Graphene and Django.
@@ -60,5 +60,5 @@ Now you should be ready to start the server:
 Now head on over to
 [http://127.0.0.1:8000/graphql](http://127.0.0.1:8000/graphql)
 and run some queries!
-(See the [Graphene-Django Tutorial](http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/django/en/latest/tutorial-plain/#testing-our-graphql-schema)
+(See the [Graphene-Django Tutorial](http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/django/en/latest/tutorial-relay/#testing-our-graphql-schema)
 for some example queries)

examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/admin.py

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ from cookbook.ingredients.models import Category, Ingredient
 
 @admin.register(Ingredient)
 class IngredientAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_display = ('id', 'name', 'category')
-    list_editable = ('name', 'category')
+    list_display = ("id", "name", "category")
+    list_editable = ("name", "category")
 
 
 admin.site.register(Category)

examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/apps.py

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 
 class IngredientsConfig(AppConfig):
-    name = 'cookbook.ingredients'
-    label = 'ingredients'
-    verbose_name = 'Ingredients'
+    name = "cookbook.ingredients"
+    label = "ingredients"
+    verbose_name = "Ingredients"

examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/fixtures/ingredients.json

@@ -1 +1,52 @@
-[{"model": "ingredients.category", "pk": 1, "fields": {"name": "Dairy"}}, {"model": "ingredients.category", "pk": 2, "fields": {"name": "Meat"}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 1, "fields": {"name": "Eggs", "notes": "Good old eggs", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 2, "fields": {"name": "Milk", "notes": "Comes from a cow", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 3, "fields": {"name": "Beef", "notes": "Much like milk, this comes from a cow", "category": 2}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 4, "fields": {"name": "Chicken", "notes": "Definitely doesn't come from a cow", "category": 2}}]
+[
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "name": "Dairy"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.category",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "name": "Meat"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.category",
+    "pk": 2
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Eggs",
+      "notes": "Good old eggs"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Milk",
+      "notes": "Comes from a cow"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 2
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 2,
+      "name": "Beef",
+      "notes": "Much like milk, this comes from a cow"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 3
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 2,
+      "name": "Chicken",
+      "notes": "Definitely doesn't come from a cow"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 4
+  }
+]

examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,33 +1,52 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2015-12-04 18:15
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-
     initial = True
 
-    dependencies = [
-    ]
+    dependencies = []
 
     operations = [
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Category',
+            name="Category",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
-                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True,
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("name", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
             ],
         ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Ingredient',
+            name="Ingredient",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
-                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
-                ('notes', models.TextField()),
-                ('category', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='ingredients', to='ingredients.Category')),
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True,
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("name", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                ("notes", models.TextField()),
+                (
+                    "category",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
+                        related_name="ingredients",
+                        to="ingredients.Category",
+                    ),
+                ),
             ],
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/migrations/0002_auto_20161104_0050.py

@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2016-11-04 00:50
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-
     dependencies = [
-        ('ingredients', '0001_initial'),
+        ("ingredients", "0001_initial"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name='ingredient',
-            name='notes',
+            model_name="ingredient",
+            name="notes",
             field=models.TextField(blank=True, null=True),
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/models.py

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ class Category(models.Model):
 class Ingredient(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
     notes = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
-    category = models.ForeignKey(Category, related_name='ingredients')
+    category = models.ForeignKey(
+        Category, related_name="ingredients", on_delete=models.CASCADE
+    )
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.name

examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/schema.py

@@ -1,34 +1,35 @@
-from cookbook.ingredients.models import Category, Ingredient
 from graphene import Node
 from graphene_django.filter import DjangoFilterConnectionField
 from graphene_django.types import DjangoObjectType
 
+from cookbook.ingredients.models import Category, Ingredient
+
 
 # Graphene will automatically map the Category model's fields onto the CategoryNode.
 # This is configured in the CategoryNode's Meta class (as you can see below)
 class CategoryNode(DjangoObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
         model = Category
-        interfaces = (Node, )
-        filter_fields = ['name', 'ingredients']
+        interfaces = (Node,)
+        fields = "__all__"
+        filter_fields = ["name", "ingredients"]
 
 
 class IngredientNode(DjangoObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
         model = Ingredient
         # Allow for some more advanced filtering here
-        interfaces = (Node, )
+        interfaces = (Node,)
+        fields = "__all__"
         filter_fields = {
-            'name': ['exact', 'icontains', 'istartswith'],
-            'notes': ['exact', 'icontains'],
-            'category': ['exact'],
-            'category__name': ['exact'],
+            "name": ["exact", "icontains", "istartswith"],
+            "notes": ["exact", "icontains"],
+            "category": ["exact"],
+            "category__name": ["exact"],
         }
 
 
-class Query(object):
+class Query:
     category = Node.Field(CategoryNode)
     all_categories = DjangoFilterConnectionField(CategoryNode)
 

examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/tests.py

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-
 # Create your tests here.

examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/views.py

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-
 # Create your views here.

examples/cookbook/cookbook/recipes/apps.py

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 
 class RecipesConfig(AppConfig):
-    name = 'cookbook.recipes'
-    label = 'recipes'
-    verbose_name = 'Recipes'
+    name = "cookbook.recipes"
+    label = "recipes"
+    verbose_name = "Recipes"

examples/cookbook/cookbook/recipes/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,36 +1,69 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2015-12-04 18:20
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-
     initial = True
 
     dependencies = [
-        ('ingredients', '0001_initial'),
+        ("ingredients", "0001_initial"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Recipe',
+            name="Recipe",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
-                ('title', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
-                ('instructions', models.TextField()),
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True,
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("title", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                ("instructions", models.TextField()),
             ],
         ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='RecipeIngredient',
+            name="RecipeIngredient",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
-                ('amount', models.FloatField()),
-                ('unit', models.CharField(choices=[('kg', 'Kilograms'), ('l', 'Litres'), ('', 'Units')], max_length=20)),
-                ('ingredient', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='used_by', to='ingredients.Ingredient')),
-                ('recipes', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='amounts', to='recipes.Recipe')),
+                (
+                    "id",
+                    models.AutoField(
+                        auto_created=True,
+                        primary_key=True,
+                        serialize=False,
+                        verbose_name="ID",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                ("amount", models.FloatField()),
+                (
+                    "unit",
+                    models.CharField(
+                        choices=[("kg", "Kilograms"), ("l", "Litres"), ("", "Units")],
+                        max_length=20,
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "ingredient",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
+                        related_name="used_by",
+                        to="ingredients.Ingredient",
+                    ),
+                ),
+                (
+                    "recipes",
+                    models.ForeignKey(
+                        on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE,
+                        related_name="amounts",
+                        to="recipes.Recipe",
+                    ),
+                ),
             ],
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook/cookbook/recipes/migrations/0002_auto_20161104_0106.py

@@ -1,25 +1,30 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Generated by Django 1.9 on 2016-11-04 01:06
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from django.db import migrations, models
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-
     dependencies = [
-        ('recipes', '0001_initial'),
+        ("recipes", "0001_initial"),
     ]
 
     operations = [
         migrations.RenameField(
-            model_name='recipeingredient',
-            old_name='recipes',
-            new_name='recipe',
+            model_name="recipeingredient",
+            old_name="recipes",
+            new_name="recipe",
         ),
         migrations.AlterField(
-            model_name='recipeingredient',
-            name='unit',
-            field=models.CharField(choices=[(b'unit', b'Units'), (b'kg', b'Kilograms'), (b'l', b'Litres'), (b'st', b'Shots')], max_length=20),
+            model_name="recipeingredient",
+            name="unit",
+            field=models.CharField(
+                choices=[
+                    (b"unit", b"Units"),
+                    (b"kg", b"Kilograms"),
+                    (b"l", b"Litres"),
+                    (b"st", b"Shots"),
+                ],
+                max_length=20,
+            ),
         ),
     ]

examples/cookbook/cookbook/recipes/models.py

@@ -6,16 +6,23 @@ from cookbook.ingredients.models import Ingredient
 class Recipe(models.Model):
     title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
     instructions = models.TextField()
-    __unicode__ = lambda self: self.title
+
+    def __unicode__(self):
+        return self.title
 
 
 class RecipeIngredient(models.Model):
-    recipe = models.ForeignKey(Recipe, related_name='amounts')
-    ingredient = models.ForeignKey(Ingredient, related_name='used_by')
+    recipe = models.ForeignKey(Recipe, related_name="amounts", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
+    ingredient = models.ForeignKey(
+        Ingredient, related_name="used_by", on_delete=models.CASCADE
+    )
     amount = models.FloatField()
-    unit = models.CharField(max_length=20, choices=(
-        ('unit', 'Units'),
-        ('kg', 'Kilograms'),
-        ('l', 'Litres'),
-        ('st', 'Shots'),
-    ))
+    unit = models.CharField(
+        max_length=20,
+        choices=(
+            ("unit", "Units"),
+            ("kg", "Kilograms"),
+            ("l", "Litres"),
+            ("st", "Shots"),
+        ),
+    )

examples/cookbook/cookbook/recipes/schema.py

@@ -1,30 +1,32 @@
-from cookbook.recipes.models import Recipe, RecipeIngredient
 from graphene import Node
 from graphene_django.filter import DjangoFilterConnectionField
 from graphene_django.types import DjangoObjectType
 
-class RecipeNode(DjangoObjectType):
+from cookbook.recipes.models import Recipe, RecipeIngredient
 
+
+class RecipeNode(DjangoObjectType):
     class Meta:
         model = Recipe
-        interfaces = (Node, )
-        filter_fields = ['title','amounts']
+        interfaces = (Node,)
+        fields = "__all__"
+        filter_fields = ["title", "amounts"]
 
 
 class RecipeIngredientNode(DjangoObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
         model = RecipeIngredient
         # Allow for some more advanced filtering here
-        interfaces = (Node, )
+        interfaces = (Node,)
+        fields = "__all__"
         filter_fields = {
-            'ingredient__name': ['exact', 'icontains', 'istartswith'],
-            'recipe': ['exact'],
-            'recipe__title': ['icontains'],
+            "ingredient__name": ["exact", "icontains", "istartswith"],
+            "recipe": ["exact"],
+            "recipe__title": ["icontains"],
         }
 
 
-class Query(object):
+class Query:
     recipe = Node.Field(RecipeNode)
     all_recipes = DjangoFilterConnectionField(RecipeNode)
 

examples/cookbook/cookbook/recipes/tests.py

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-
 # Create your tests here.

examples/cookbook/cookbook/recipes/views.py

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-
 # Create your views here.

examples/cookbook/cookbook/schema.py

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-import cookbook.ingredients.schema
-import cookbook.recipes.schema
 import graphene
-
 from graphene_django.debug import DjangoDebug
 
+import cookbook.ingredients.schema
+import cookbook.recipes.schema
 
-class Query(cookbook.ingredients.schema.Query,
-            cookbook.recipes.schema.Query,
-            graphene.ObjectType):
-    debug = graphene.Field(DjangoDebug, name='_debug')
+
+class Query(
+    cookbook.ingredients.schema.Query,
+    cookbook.recipes.schema.Query,
+    graphene.ObjectType,
+):
+    debug = graphene.Field(DjangoDebug, name="_debug")
 
 
 schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)

examples/cookbook/cookbook/settings.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/deployment/checklist/
 
 # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
-SECRET_KEY = '_$=$%eqxk$8ss4n7mtgarw^5$8^d5+c83!vwatr@i_81myb=e4'
+SECRET_KEY = "_$=$%eqxk$8ss4n7mtgarw^5$8^d5+c83!vwatr@i_81myb=e4"
 
 # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
 DEBUG = True
@@ -32,65 +32,62 @@ ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
 # Application definition
 
 INSTALLED_APPS = [
-    'django.contrib.admin',
-    'django.contrib.auth',
-    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
-    'django.contrib.sessions',
-    'django.contrib.messages',
-    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
-    'graphene_django',
-
-    'cookbook.ingredients.apps.IngredientsConfig',
-    'cookbook.recipes.apps.RecipesConfig',
+    "django.contrib.admin",
+    "django.contrib.auth",
+    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
+    "django.contrib.sessions",
+    "django.contrib.messages",
+    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
+    "graphene_django",
+    "cookbook.ingredients.apps.IngredientsConfig",
+    "cookbook.recipes.apps.RecipesConfig",
+    "django_filters",
 ]
 
-MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [
-    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
-    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
-    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
-    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
+MIDDLEWARE = [
+    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
 ]
 
 GRAPHENE = {
-    'SCHEMA': 'cookbook.schema.schema',
-    'SCHEMA_INDENT': 2,
-    'MIDDLEWARE': (
-        'graphene_django.debug.DjangoDebugMiddleware',
-    )
+    "SCHEMA": "cookbook.schema.schema",
+    "SCHEMA_INDENT": 2,
+    "MIDDLEWARE": ("graphene_django.debug.DjangoDebugMiddleware",),
 }
 
-ROOT_URLCONF = 'cookbook.urls'
+ROOT_URLCONF = "cookbook.urls"
 
 TEMPLATES = [
     {
-        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
-        'DIRS': [],
-        'APP_DIRS': True,
-        'OPTIONS': {
-            'context_processors': [
-                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
-                'django.template.context_processors.request',
-                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
-                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
-            ],
+        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
+        "DIRS": [],
+        "APP_DIRS": True,
+        "OPTIONS": {
+            "context_processors": [
+                "django.template.context_processors.debug",
+                "django.template.context_processors.request",
+                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
+                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
+            ]
         },
-    },
+    }
 ]
 
-WSGI_APPLICATION = 'cookbook.wsgi.application'
+WSGI_APPLICATION = "cookbook.wsgi.application"
 
 
 # Database
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#databases
 
 DATABASES = {
-    'default': {
-        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
-        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
+    "default": {
+        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
+        "NAME": os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "db.sqlite3"),
     }
 }
 
@@ -100,26 +97,20 @@ DATABASES = {
 
 AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
     {
-        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
-    },
-    {
-        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
-    },
-    {
-        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
-    },
-    {
-        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
+        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator"
     },
+    {"NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator"},
+    {"NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator"},
+    {"NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator"},
 ]
 
 
 # Internationalization
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/i18n/
 
-LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
+LANGUAGE_CODE = "en-us"
 
-TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
+TIME_ZONE = "UTC"
 
 USE_I18N = True
 
@@ -131,4 +122,4 @@ USE_TZ = True
 # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/static-files/
 
-STATIC_URL = '/static/'
+STATIC_URL = "/static/"

examples/cookbook/cookbook/urls.py

@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ from django.contrib import admin
 
 from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView
 
-
 urlpatterns = [
-    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
-    url(r'^graphql$', GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True)),
+    url(r"^admin/", admin.site.urls),
+    url(r"^graphql$", GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True)),
 ]

examples/cookbook/dummy_data.json

@@ -1 +1,302 @@
-[{"model": "auth.user", "pk": 1, "fields": {"password": "pbkdf2_sha256$24000$0SgBlSlnbv5c$ijVQipm2aNDlcrTL8Qi3SVNHphTm4HIsDfUi4kn9tog=", "last_login": "2016-11-04T00:46:58Z", "is_superuser": true, "username": "admin", "first_name": "", "last_name": "", "email": "asdf@example.com", "is_staff": true, "is_active": true, "date_joined": "2016-11-03T18:24:40Z", "groups": [], "user_permissions": []}}, {"model": "recipes.recipe", "pk": 1, "fields": {"title": "Cheerios With a Shot of Vermouth", "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipe", "pk": 2, "fields": {"title": "Quail Eggs in Whipped Cream and MSG", "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipe", "pk": 3, "fields": {"title": "Deep Fried Skittles", "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipe", "pk": 4, "fields": {"title": "Newt ala Doritos", "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipe", "pk": 5, "fields": {"title": "Fruit Salad", "instructions": "Chop up and add together"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 1, "fields": {"recipes": 5, "ingredient": 9, "amount": 1.0, "unit": "unit"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 2, "fields": {"recipes": 5, "ingredient": 10, "amount": 2.0, "unit": "unit"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 3, "fields": {"recipes": 5, "ingredient": 7, "amount": 3.0, "unit": "unit"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 4, "fields": {"recipes": 5, "ingredient": 8, "amount": 4.0, "unit": "unit"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 5, "fields": {"recipes": 4, "ingredient": 5, "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kg"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 6, "fields": {"recipes": 4, "ingredient": 6, "amount": 2.0, "unit": "l"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 7, "fields": {"recipes": 3, "ingredient": 4, "amount": 1.0, "unit": "unit"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 8, "fields": {"recipes": 2, "ingredient": 2, "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kg"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 9, "fields": {"recipes": 2, "ingredient": 11, "amount": 2.0, "unit": "l"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 10, "fields": {"recipes": 2, "ingredient": 12, "amount": 3.0, "unit": "st"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 11, "fields": {"recipes": 1, "ingredient": 1, "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kg"}}, {"model": "recipes.recipeingredient", "pk": 12, "fields": {"recipes": 1, "ingredient": 3, "amount": 1.0, "unit": "st"}}, {"model": "ingredients.category", "pk": 1, "fields": {"name": "fruit"}}, {"model": "ingredients.category", "pk": 3, "fields": {"name": "xkcd"}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 1, "fields": {"name": "Cheerios", "notes": "this is a note", "category": 3}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 2, "fields": {"name": "Quail Eggs", "notes": "has more notes", "category": 3}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 3, "fields": {"name": "Vermouth", "notes": "", "category": 3}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 4, "fields": {"name": "Skittles", "notes": "", "category": 3}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 5, "fields": {"name": "Newt", "notes": "Braised and Confuesd", "category": 3}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 6, "fields": {"name": "Doritos", "notes": "Crushed", "category": 3}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 7, "fields": {"name": "Apple", "notes": "", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 8, "fields": {"name": "Orange", "notes": "", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 9, "fields": {"name": "Banana", "notes": "", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 10, "fields": {"name": "Grapes", "notes": "", "category": 1}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 11, "fields": {"name": "Whipped Cream", "notes": "", "category": 3}}, {"model": "ingredients.ingredient", "pk": 12, "fields": {"name": "MSG", "notes": "", "category": 3}}]
+[
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "date_joined": "2016-11-03T18:24:40Z",
+      "email": "asdf@example.com",
+      "first_name": "",
+      "groups": [],
+      "is_active": true,
+      "is_staff": true,
+      "is_superuser": true,
+      "last_login": "2016-11-04T00:46:58Z",
+      "last_name": "",
+      "password": "pbkdf2_sha256$24000$0SgBlSlnbv5c$ijVQipm2aNDlcrTL8Qi3SVNHphTm4HIsDfUi4kn9tog=",
+      "user_permissions": [],
+      "username": "admin"
+    },
+    "model": "auth.user",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/",
+      "title": "Cheerios With a Shot of Vermouth"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipe",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/",
+      "title": "Quail Eggs in Whipped Cream and MSG"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipe",
+    "pk": 2
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/",
+      "title": "Deep Fried Skittles"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipe",
+    "pk": 3
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "instructions": "https://xkcd.com/720/",
+      "title": "Newt ala Doritos"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipe",
+    "pk": 4
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "instructions": "Chop up and add together",
+      "title": "Fruit Salad"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipe",
+    "pk": 5
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 1.0,
+      "ingredient": 9,
+      "recipes": 5,
+      "unit": "unit"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 2.0,
+      "ingredient": 10,
+      "recipes": 5,
+      "unit": "unit"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 2
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 3.0,
+      "ingredient": 7,
+      "recipes": 5,
+      "unit": "unit"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 3
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 4.0,
+      "ingredient": 8,
+      "recipes": 5,
+      "unit": "unit"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 4
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 1.0,
+      "ingredient": 5,
+      "recipes": 4,
+      "unit": "kg"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 5
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 2.0,
+      "ingredient": 6,
+      "recipes": 4,
+      "unit": "l"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 6
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 1.0,
+      "ingredient": 4,
+      "recipes": 3,
+      "unit": "unit"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 7
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 1.0,
+      "ingredient": 2,
+      "recipes": 2,
+      "unit": "kg"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 8
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 2.0,
+      "ingredient": 11,
+      "recipes": 2,
+      "unit": "l"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 9
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 3.0,
+      "ingredient": 12,
+      "recipes": 2,
+      "unit": "st"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 10
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 1.0,
+      "ingredient": 1,
+      "recipes": 1,
+      "unit": "kg"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 11
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "amount": 1.0,
+      "ingredient": 3,
+      "recipes": 1,
+      "unit": "st"
+    },
+    "model": "recipes.recipeingredient",
+    "pk": 12
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "name": "fruit"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.category",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "name": "xkcd"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.category",
+    "pk": 3
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "Cheerios",
+      "notes": "this is a note"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "Quail Eggs",
+      "notes": "has more notes"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 2
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "Vermouth",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 3
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "Skittles",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 4
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "Newt",
+      "notes": "Braised and Confused"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 5
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "Doritos",
+      "notes": "Crushed"
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 6
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Apple",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 7
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Orange",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 8
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Banana",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 9
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 1,
+      "name": "Grapes",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 10
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "Whipped Cream",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 11
+  },
+  {
+    "fields": {
+      "category": 3,
+      "name": "MSG",
+      "notes": ""
+    },
+    "model": "ingredients.ingredient",
+    "pk": 12
+  }
+]

examples/cookbook/requirements.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-graphene
-graphene-django
-graphql-core>=2.1rc1
-django==1.11.19
+graphene>=2.1,<3
+graphene-django>=2.1,<3
+graphql-core>=2.1,<3
+django==3.2.25
 django-filter>=2

examples/django_test_settings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+ROOT_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+sys.path.insert(0, ROOT_PATH + "/examples/")
+
+SECRET_KEY = 1
+
+INSTALLED_APPS = [
+    "graphene_django",
+    "graphene_django.rest_framework",
+    "graphene_django.tests",
+    "examples.starwars",
+]
+
+DATABASES = {
+    "default": {"ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3", "NAME": "django_test.sqlite"}
+}
+
+TEMPLATES = [
+    {
+        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
+        "DIRS": [],
+        "APP_DIRS": True,
+    }
+]
+
+GRAPHENE = {"SCHEMA": "graphene_django.tests.schema_view.schema"}
+
+ROOT_URLCONF = "graphene_django.tests.urls"
+
+USE_TZ = True

examples/starwars/data.py

@@ -2,97 +2,50 @@ from .models import Character, Faction, Ship
 
 
 def initialize():
-    human = Character(
-        name='Human'
-    )
+    human = Character(name="Human")
     human.save()
 
-    droid = Character(
-        name='Droid'
-    )
+    droid = Character(name="Droid")
     droid.save()
 
-    rebels = Faction(
-        id='1',
-        name='Alliance to Restore the Republic',
-        hero=human
-    )
+    rebels = Faction(id="1", name="Alliance to Restore the Republic", hero=human)
     rebels.save()
 
-    empire = Faction(
-        id='2',
-        name='Galactic Empire',
-        hero=droid
-    )
+    empire = Faction(id="2", name="Galactic Empire", hero=droid)
     empire.save()
 
-    xwing = Ship(
-        id='1',
-        name='X-Wing',
-        faction=rebels,
-    )
+    xwing = Ship(id="1", name="X-Wing", faction=rebels)
     xwing.save()
 
     human.ship = xwing
     human.save()
 
-    ywing = Ship(
-        id='2',
-        name='Y-Wing',
-        faction=rebels,
-    )
+    ywing = Ship(id="2", name="Y-Wing", faction=rebels)
     ywing.save()
 
-    awing = Ship(
-        id='3',
-        name='A-Wing',
-        faction=rebels,
-    )
+    awing = Ship(id="3", name="A-Wing", faction=rebels)
     awing.save()
 
     # Yeah, technically it's Corellian. But it flew in the service of the rebels,
     # so for the purposes of this demo it's a rebel ship.
-    falcon = Ship(
-        id='4',
-        name='Millenium Falcon',
-        faction=rebels,
-    )
+    falcon = Ship(id="4", name="Millennium Falcon", faction=rebels)
     falcon.save()
 
-    homeOne = Ship(
-        id='5',
-        name='Home One',
-        faction=rebels,
-    )
+    homeOne = Ship(id="5", name="Home One", faction=rebels)
     homeOne.save()
 
-    tieFighter = Ship(
-        id='6',
-        name='TIE Fighter',
-        faction=empire,
-    )
+    tieFighter = Ship(id="6", name="TIE Fighter", faction=empire)
     tieFighter.save()
 
-    tieInterceptor = Ship(
-        id='7',
-        name='TIE Interceptor',
-        faction=empire,
-    )
+    tieInterceptor = Ship(id="7", name="TIE Interceptor", faction=empire)
     tieInterceptor.save()
 
-    executor = Ship(
-        id='8',
-        name='Executor',
-        faction=empire,
-    )
+    executor = Ship(id="8", name="Executor", faction=empire)
     executor.save()
 
 
 def create_ship(ship_name, faction_id):
-    new_ship = Ship(
-        name=ship_name,
-        faction_id=faction_id
-    )
+    new_ship = Ship(name=ship_name, faction_id=faction_id)
     new_ship.save()
     return new_ship
 

examples/starwars/models.py

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-
 from django.db import models
 
 
 class Character(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
-    ship = models.ForeignKey('Ship', on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=True, null=True, related_name='characters')
+    ship = models.ForeignKey(
+        "Ship",
+        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
+        blank=True,
+        null=True,
+        related_name="characters",
+    )
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.name
@@ -21,7 +25,7 @@ class Faction(models.Model):
 
 class Ship(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
-    faction = models.ForeignKey(Faction, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='ships')
+    faction = models.ForeignKey(Faction, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="ships")
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.name

examples/starwars/schema.py

@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
 import graphene
-from graphene import Schema, relay, resolve_only_args
+from graphene import Schema, relay
 from graphene_django import DjangoConnectionField, DjangoObjectType
 
-from .data import (create_ship, get_empire, get_faction, get_rebels, get_ship,
-                   get_ships)
-from .models import Character as CharacterModel
-from .models import Faction as FactionModel
-from .models import Ship as ShipModel
+from .data import create_ship, get_empire, get_faction, get_rebels, get_ship, get_ships
+from .models import (
+    Character as CharacterModel,
+    Faction as FactionModel,
+    Ship as ShipModel,
+)
 
 
 class Ship(DjangoObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
         model = ShipModel
-        interfaces = (relay.Node, )
+        interfaces = (relay.Node,)
+        fields = "__all__"
 
     @classmethod
     def get_node(cls, info, id):
@@ -22,16 +23,16 @@ class Ship(DjangoObjectType):
 
 
 class Character(DjangoObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
         model = CharacterModel
+        fields = "__all__"
 
 
 class Faction(DjangoObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
         model = FactionModel
-        interfaces = (relay.Node, )
+        interfaces = (relay.Node,)
+        fields = "__all__"
 
     @classmethod
     def get_node(cls, info, id):
@@ -39,7 +40,6 @@ class Faction(DjangoObjectType):
 
 
 class IntroduceShip(relay.ClientIDMutation):
-
     class Input:
         ship_name = graphene.String(required=True)
         faction_id = graphene.String(required=True)
@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ class IntroduceShip(relay.ClientIDMutation):
     faction = graphene.Field(Faction)
 
     @classmethod
-    def mutate_and_get_payload(cls, root, info, ship_name, faction_id, client_mutation_id=None):
+    def mutate_and_get_payload(
+        cls, root, info, ship_name, faction_id, client_mutation_id=None
+    ):
         ship = create_ship(ship_name, faction_id)
         faction = get_faction(faction_id)
         return IntroduceShip(ship=ship, faction=faction)
@@ -58,18 +60,15 @@ class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
     rebels = graphene.Field(Faction)
     empire = graphene.Field(Faction)
     node = relay.Node.Field()
-    ships = DjangoConnectionField(Ship, description='All the ships.')
+    ships = DjangoConnectionField(Ship, description="All the ships.")
 
-    @resolve_only_args
-    def resolve_ships(self):
+    def resolve_ships(self, info):
         return get_ships()
 
-    @resolve_only_args
-    def resolve_rebels(self):
+    def resolve_rebels(self, info):
         return get_rebels()
 
-    @resolve_only_args
-    def resolve_empire(self):
+    def resolve_empire(self, info):
         return get_empire()
 
 

examples/starwars/tests/test_connections.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ pytestmark = pytest.mark.django_db
 
 def test_correct_fetch_first_ship_rebels():
     initialize()
-    query = '''
+    query = """
     query RebelsShipsQuery {
       rebels {
         name,
@@ -24,22 +24,12 @@ def test_correct_fetch_first_ship_rebels():
         }
       }
     }
-    '''
+    """
     expected = {
-        'rebels': {
-            'name': 'Alliance to Restore the Republic',
-            'hero': {
-                'name': 'Human'
-            },
-            'ships': {
-                'edges': [
-                    {
-                        'node': {
-                            'name': 'X-Wing'
-                        }
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
+        "rebels": {
+            "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic",
+            "hero": {"name": "Human"},
+            "ships": {"edges": [{"node": {"name": "X-Wing"}}]},
         }
     }
     result = schema.execute(query)
@@ -49,7 +39,7 @@ def test_correct_fetch_first_ship_rebels():
 
 def test_correct_list_characters():
     initialize()
-    query = '''
+    query = """
     query RebelsShipsQuery {
       node(id: "U2hpcDox") {
         ... on Ship {
@@ -60,15 +50,8 @@ def test_correct_list_characters():
         }
       }
     }
-    '''
-    expected = {
-        'node': {
-            'name': 'X-Wing',
-            'characters': [{
-                'name': 'Human'
-            }],
-        }
-    }
+    """
+    expected = {"node": {"name": "X-Wing", "characters": [{"name": "Human"}]}}
     result = schema.execute(query)
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == expected

examples/starwars/tests/test_mutation.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ pytestmark = pytest.mark.django_db
 def test_mutations():
     initialize()
 
-    query = '''
+    query = """
     mutation MyMutation {
       introduceShip(input:{clientMutationId:"abc", shipName: "Peter", factionId: "1"}) {
         ship {
@@ -29,49 +29,23 @@ def test_mutations():
         }
       }
     }
-    '''
+    """
     expected = {
-        'introduceShip': {
-            'ship': {
-                'id': 'U2hpcDo5',
-                'name': 'Peter'
-            },
-            'faction': {
-                'name': 'Alliance to Restore the Republic',
-                'ships': {
-                    'edges': [{
-                        'node': {
-                            'id': 'U2hpcDox',
-                            'name': 'X-Wing'
-                        }
-                    }, {
-                        'node': {
-                            'id': 'U2hpcDoy',
-                            'name': 'Y-Wing'
-                        }
-                    }, {
-                        'node': {
-                            'id': 'U2hpcDoz',
-                            'name': 'A-Wing'
-                        }
-                    }, {
-                        'node': {
-                            'id': 'U2hpcDo0',
-                            'name': 'Millenium Falcon'
-                        }
-                    }, {
-                        'node': {
-                            'id': 'U2hpcDo1',
-                            'name': 'Home One'
-                        }
-                    }, {
-                        'node': {
-                            'id': 'U2hpcDo5',
-                            'name': 'Peter'
-                        }
-                    }]
+        "introduceShip": {
+            "ship": {"id": "U2hpcDo5", "name": "Peter"},
+            "faction": {
+                "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic",
+                "ships": {
+                    "edges": [
+                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDox", "name": "X-Wing"}},
+                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDoy", "name": "Y-Wing"}},
+                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDoz", "name": "A-Wing"}},
+                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDo0", "name": "Millennium Falcon"}},
+                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDo1", "name": "Home One"}},
+                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDo5", "name": "Peter"}},
+                    ]
                 },
-            }
+            },
         }
     }
     result = schema.execute(query)

examples/starwars/tests/test_objectidentification.py

@@ -8,19 +8,16 @@ pytestmark = pytest.mark.django_db
 
 def test_correctly_fetches_id_name_rebels():
     initialize()
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       query RebelsQuery {
         rebels {
           id
           name
         }
       }
-    '''
+    """
     expected = {
-        'rebels': {
-            'id': 'RmFjdGlvbjox',
-            'name': 'Alliance to Restore the Republic'
-        }
+        "rebels": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjox", "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic"}
     }
     result = schema.execute(query)
     assert not result.errors
@@ -29,7 +26,7 @@ def test_correctly_fetches_id_name_rebels():
 
 def test_correctly_refetches_rebels():
     initialize()
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       query RebelsRefetchQuery {
         node(id: "RmFjdGlvbjox") {
           id
@@ -38,12 +35,9 @@ def test_correctly_refetches_rebels():
           }
         }
       }
-    '''
+    """
     expected = {
-        'node': {
-            'id': 'RmFjdGlvbjox',
-            'name': 'Alliance to Restore the Republic'
-        }
+        "node": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjox", "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic"}
     }
     result = schema.execute(query)
     assert not result.errors
@@ -52,20 +46,15 @@ def test_correctly_refetches_rebels():
 
 def test_correctly_fetches_id_name_empire():
     initialize()
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       query EmpireQuery {
         empire {
           id
           name
         }
       }
-    '''
-    expected = {
-        'empire': {
-            'id': 'RmFjdGlvbjoy',
-            'name': 'Galactic Empire'
-        }
-    }
+    """
+    expected = {"empire": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjoy", "name": "Galactic Empire"}}
     result = schema.execute(query)
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == expected
@@ -73,7 +62,7 @@ def test_correctly_fetches_id_name_empire():
 
 def test_correctly_refetches_empire():
     initialize()
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       query EmpireRefetchQuery {
         node(id: "RmFjdGlvbjoy") {
           id
@@ -82,13 +71,8 @@ def test_correctly_refetches_empire():
           }
         }
       }
-    '''
-    expected = {
-        'node': {
-            'id': 'RmFjdGlvbjoy',
-            'name': 'Galactic Empire'
-        }
-    }
+    """
+    expected = {"node": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjoy", "name": "Galactic Empire"}}
     result = schema.execute(query)
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == expected
@@ -96,7 +80,7 @@ def test_correctly_refetches_empire():
 
 def test_correctly_refetches_xwing():
     initialize()
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       query XWingRefetchQuery {
         node(id: "U2hpcDox") {
           id
@@ -105,13 +89,8 @@ def test_correctly_refetches_xwing():
           }
         }
       }
-    '''
-    expected = {
-        'node': {
-            'id': 'U2hpcDox',
-            'name': 'X-Wing'
-        }
-    }
+    """
+    expected = {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDox", "name": "X-Wing"}}
     result = schema.execute(query)
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == expected

graphene_django/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
+from .fields import DjangoConnectionField, DjangoListField
 from .types import DjangoObjectType
-from .fields import DjangoConnectionField
+from .utils import bypass_get_queryset
 
-__version__ = "2.3.0"
+__version__ = "3.2.3"
 
-__all__ = ["__version__", "DjangoObjectType", "DjangoConnectionField"]
+__all__ = [
+    "__version__",
+    "DjangoObjectType",
+    "DjangoListField",
+    "DjangoConnectionField",
+    "bypass_get_queryset",
+]

graphene_django/compat.py

@@ -1,5 +1,16 @@
-class MissingType(object):
-    pass
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import PurePath
+
+# For backwards compatibility, we import JSONField to have it available for import via
+# this compat module (https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/issues/1428).
+# Django's JSONField is available in Django 3.2+ (the minimum version we support)
+from django.db.models import Choices, JSONField
+
+
+class MissingType:
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        pass
 
 
 try:
@@ -8,8 +19,47 @@ try:
     from django.contrib.postgres.fields import (
         ArrayField,
         HStoreField,
-        JSONField,
+        IntegerRangeField,
         RangeField,
     )
 except ImportError:
-    ArrayField, HStoreField, JSONField, RangeField = (MissingType,) * 4
+    IntegerRangeField, HStoreField, RangeField = (MissingType,) * 3
+
+    # For unit tests we fake ArrayField using JSONFields
+    if any(
+        PurePath(sys.argv[0]).match(p)
+        for p in [
+            "**/pytest",
+            "**/py.test",
+            "**/pytest/__main__.py",
+        ]
+    ):
+
+        class ArrayField(JSONField):
+            def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                if len(args) > 0:
+                    self.base_field = args[0]
+                super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    else:
+        ArrayField = MissingType
+
+
+try:
+    from django.utils.choices import normalize_choices
+except ImportError:
+
+    def normalize_choices(choices):
+        if isinstance(choices, type) and issubclass(choices, Choices):
+            choices = choices.choices
+
+        if isinstance(choices, Callable):
+            choices = choices()
+
+        # In restframework==3.15.0, choices are not passed
+        # as OrderedDict anymore, so it's safer to check
+        # for a dict
+        if isinstance(choices, dict):
+            choices = choices.items()
+
+        return choices

graphene_django/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import pytest
+
+from graphene_django.settings import graphene_settings as gsettings
+
+from .registry import reset_global_registry
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def reset_registry_fixture(db):
+    yield None
+    reset_global_registry()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def graphene_settings():
+    settings = dict(gsettings.__dict__)
+    yield gsettings
+    gsettings.__dict__ = settings

graphene_django/constants.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+MUTATION_ERRORS_FLAG = "graphene_mutation_has_errors"

graphene_django/converter.py

@@ -1,9 +1,19 @@
+import inspect
+from functools import partial, singledispatch, wraps
+
 from django.db import models
-from django.utils.encoding import force_text
+from django.utils.encoding import force_str
+from django.utils.functional import Promise
+from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
+from graphql import GraphQLError
 
 from graphene import (
     ID,
+    UUID,
     Boolean,
+    Date,
+    DateTime,
+    Decimal,
     Dynamic,
     Enum,
     Field,
@@ -12,66 +22,151 @@ from graphene import (
     List,
     NonNull,
     String,
-    UUID,
-    DateTime,
-    Date,
     Time,
 )
 from graphene.types.json import JSONString
-from graphene.utils.str_converters import to_camel_case, to_const
-from graphql import assert_valid_name
+from graphene.types.resolver import get_default_resolver
+from graphene.types.scalars import BigInt
+from graphene.utils.str_converters import to_camel_case
 
-from .compat import ArrayField, HStoreField, JSONField, RangeField
-from .fields import DjangoListField, DjangoConnectionField
-from .utils import import_single_dispatch
+try:
+    from graphql import assert_name
+except ImportError:
+    # Support for older versions of graphql
+    from graphql import assert_valid_name as assert_name
+from graphql.pyutils import register_description
 
-singledispatch = import_single_dispatch()
+from .compat import ArrayField, HStoreField, RangeField, normalize_choices
+from .fields import DjangoConnectionField, DjangoListField
+from .settings import graphene_settings
+from .utils.str_converters import to_const
+
+
+class BlankValueField(Field):
+    def wrap_resolve(self, parent_resolver):
+        resolver = self.resolver or parent_resolver
+
+        # create custom resolver
+        def blank_field_wrapper(func):
+            @wraps(func)
+            def wrapped_resolver(*args, **kwargs):
+                return_value = func(*args, **kwargs)
+                if return_value == "":
+                    return None
+                return return_value
+
+            return wrapped_resolver
+
+        return blank_field_wrapper(resolver)
+
+
+class EnumValueField(BlankValueField):
+    def wrap_resolve(self, parent_resolver):
+        resolver = super().wrap_resolve(parent_resolver)
+
+        # create custom resolver
+        def enum_field_wrapper(func):
+            @wraps(func)
+            def wrapped_resolver(*args, **kwargs):
+                return_value = func(*args, **kwargs)
+                if isinstance(return_value, models.Choices):
+                    return_value = return_value.value
+                return return_value
+
+            return wrapped_resolver
+
+        return enum_field_wrapper(resolver)
 
 
 def convert_choice_name(name):
-    name = to_const(force_text(name))
+    name = to_const(force_str(name))
     try:
-        assert_valid_name(name)
-    except AssertionError:
+        assert_name(name)
+    except GraphQLError:
         name = "A_%s" % name
     return name
 
 
 def get_choices(choices):
     converted_names = []
+    choices = normalize_choices(choices)
     for value, help_text in choices:
         if isinstance(help_text, (tuple, list)):
-            for choice in get_choices(help_text):
-                yield choice
+            yield from get_choices(help_text)
         else:
             name = convert_choice_name(value)
             while name in converted_names:
                 name += "_" + str(len(converted_names))
             converted_names.append(name)
-            description = help_text
+            description = str(
+                help_text
+            )  # TODO: translatable description: https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-core-next/issues/58
             yield name, value, description
 
 
-def convert_django_field_with_choices(field, registry=None):
+def convert_choices_to_named_enum_with_descriptions(name, choices):
+    choices = list(get_choices(choices))
+    named_choices = [(c[0], c[1]) for c in choices]
+    named_choices_descriptions = {c[0]: c[2] for c in choices}
+
+    class EnumWithDescriptionsType:
+        @property
+        def description(self):
+            return str(named_choices_descriptions[self.name])
+
+    return_type = Enum(
+        name,
+        list(named_choices),
+        type=EnumWithDescriptionsType,
+        description="An enumeration.",  # Temporary fix until https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/pull/1502 is merged
+    )
+    return return_type
+
+
+def generate_enum_name(django_model_meta, field):
+    if graphene_settings.DJANGO_CHOICE_FIELD_ENUM_CUSTOM_NAME:
+        # Try and import custom function
+        custom_func = import_string(
+            graphene_settings.DJANGO_CHOICE_FIELD_ENUM_CUSTOM_NAME
+        )
+        name = custom_func(field)
+    elif graphene_settings.DJANGO_CHOICE_FIELD_ENUM_V2_NAMING is True:
+        name = to_camel_case(f"{django_model_meta.object_name}_{field.name}")
+    else:
+        name = "{app_label}{object_name}{field_name}Choices".format(
+            app_label=to_camel_case(django_model_meta.app_label.title()),
+            object_name=django_model_meta.object_name,
+            field_name=to_camel_case(field.name.title()),
+        )
+    return name
+
+
+def convert_choice_field_to_enum(field, name=None):
+    if name is None:
+        name = generate_enum_name(field.model._meta, field)
+    choices = field.choices
+    return convert_choices_to_named_enum_with_descriptions(name, choices)
+
+
+def convert_django_field_with_choices(
+    field, registry=None, convert_choices_to_enum=None
+):
     if registry is not None:
         converted = registry.get_converted_field(field)
         if converted:
             return converted
     choices = getattr(field, "choices", None)
-    if choices:
-        meta = field.model._meta
-        name = to_camel_case("{}_{}".format(meta.object_name, field.name))
-        choices = list(get_choices(choices))
-        named_choices = [(c[0], c[1]) for c in choices]
-        named_choices_descriptions = {c[0]: c[2] for c in choices}
+    if convert_choices_to_enum is None:
+        convert_choices_to_enum = bool(
+            graphene_settings.DJANGO_CHOICE_FIELD_ENUM_CONVERT
+        )
+    if choices and convert_choices_to_enum:
+        EnumCls = convert_choice_field_to_enum(field)
+        required = not (field.blank or field.null)
 
-        class EnumWithDescriptionsType(object):
-            @property
-            def description(self):
-                return named_choices_descriptions[self.name]
-
-        enum = Enum(name, list(named_choices), type=EnumWithDescriptionsType)
-        converted = enum(description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
+        converted = EnumCls(
+            description=get_django_field_description(field), required=required
+        ).mount_as(EnumValueField)
     else:
         converted = convert_django_field(field, registry)
     if registry is not None:
@@ -79,10 +174,14 @@ def convert_django_field_with_choices(field, registry=None):
     return converted
 
 
+def get_django_field_description(field):
+    return str(field.help_text) if field.help_text else None
+
+
 @singledispatch
 def convert_django_field(field, registry=None):
     raise Exception(
-        "Don't know how to convert the Django field %s (%s)" % (field, field.__class__)
+        f"Don't know how to convert the Django field {field} ({field.__class__})"
     )
 
 
@@ -95,62 +194,88 @@ def convert_django_field(field, registry=None):
 @convert_django_field.register(models.FileField)
 @convert_django_field.register(models.FilePathField)
 def convert_field_to_string(field, registry=None):
-    return String(description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
+    return String(
+        description=get_django_field_description(field), required=not field.null
+    )
 
 
 @convert_django_field.register(models.AutoField)
+@convert_django_field.register(models.BigAutoField)
+@convert_django_field.register(models.SmallAutoField)
 def convert_field_to_id(field, registry=None):
-    return ID(description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
+    return ID(description=get_django_field_description(field), required=not field.null)
 
 
 @convert_django_field.register(models.UUIDField)
 def convert_field_to_uuid(field, registry=None):
-    return UUID(description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
+    return UUID(
+        description=get_django_field_description(field), required=not field.null
+    )
+
+
+@convert_django_field.register(models.BigIntegerField)
+def convert_big_int_field(field, registry=None):
+    return BigInt(description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
 
 
 @convert_django_field.register(models.PositiveIntegerField)
 @convert_django_field.register(models.PositiveSmallIntegerField)
 @convert_django_field.register(models.SmallIntegerField)
-@convert_django_field.register(models.BigIntegerField)
 @convert_django_field.register(models.IntegerField)
 def convert_field_to_int(field, registry=None):
-    return Int(description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
-
-
-@convert_django_field.register(models.BooleanField)
-def convert_field_to_boolean(field, registry=None):
-    return NonNull(Boolean, description=field.help_text)
+    return Int(description=get_django_field_description(field), required=not field.null)
 
 
 @convert_django_field.register(models.NullBooleanField)
-def convert_field_to_nullboolean(field, registry=None):
-    return Boolean(description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
+@convert_django_field.register(models.BooleanField)
+def convert_field_to_boolean(field, registry=None):
+    return Boolean(
+        description=get_django_field_description(field), required=not field.null
+    )
 
 
 @convert_django_field.register(models.DecimalField)
+def convert_field_to_decimal(field, registry=None):
+    return Decimal(
+        description=get_django_field_description(field), required=not field.null
+    )
+
+
 @convert_django_field.register(models.FloatField)
 @convert_django_field.register(models.DurationField)
 def convert_field_to_float(field, registry=None):
-    return Float(description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
+    return Float(
+        description=get_django_field_description(field), required=not field.null
+    )
 
 
 @convert_django_field.register(models.DateTimeField)
 def convert_datetime_to_string(field, registry=None):
-    return DateTime(description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
+    return DateTime(
+        description=get_django_field_description(field), required=not field.null
+    )
 
 
 @convert_django_field.register(models.DateField)
 def convert_date_to_string(field, registry=None):
-    return Date(description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
+    return Date(
+        description=get_django_field_description(field), required=not field.null
+    )
 
 
 @convert_django_field.register(models.TimeField)
 def convert_time_to_string(field, registry=None):
-    return Time(description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
+    return Time(
+        description=get_django_field_description(field), required=not field.null
+    )
 
 
 @convert_django_field.register(models.OneToOneRel)
 def convert_onetoone_field_to_djangomodel(field, registry=None):
+    from graphene.utils.str_converters import to_snake_case
+
+    from .types import DjangoObjectType
+
     model = field.related_model
 
     def dynamic_type():
@@ -158,10 +283,55 @@ def convert_onetoone_field_to_djangomodel(field, registry=None):
         if not _type:
             return
 
-        # We do this for a bug in Django 1.8, where null attr
-        # is not available in the OneToOneRel instance
-        null = getattr(field, "null", True)
-        return Field(_type, required=not null)
+        class CustomField(Field):
+            def wrap_resolve(self, parent_resolver):
+                """
+                Implements a custom resolver which goes through the `get_node` method to ensure that
+                it goes through the `get_queryset` method of the DjangoObjectType.
+                """
+                resolver = super().wrap_resolve(parent_resolver)
+
+                # If `get_queryset` was not overridden in the DjangoObjectType
+                # or if we explicitly bypass the `get_queryset` method,
+                # we can just return the default resolver.
+                if (
+                    _type.get_queryset.__func__
+                    is DjangoObjectType.get_queryset.__func__
+                    or getattr(resolver, "_bypass_get_queryset", False)
+                ):
+                    return resolver
+
+                def custom_resolver(root, info, **args):
+                    # Note: this function is used to resolve 1:1 relation fields
+
+                    is_resolver_awaitable = inspect.iscoroutinefunction(resolver)
+
+                    if is_resolver_awaitable:
+                        fk_obj = resolver(root, info, **args)
+                        # In case the resolver is a custom awaitable resolver that overwrites
+                        # the default Django resolver
+                        return fk_obj
+
+                    field_name = to_snake_case(info.field_name)
+                    reversed_field_name = root.__class__._meta.get_field(
+                        field_name
+                    ).remote_field.name
+                    try:
+                        return _type.get_queryset(
+                            _type._meta.model.objects.filter(
+                                **{reversed_field_name: root.pk}
+                            ),
+                            info,
+                        ).get()
+                    except _type._meta.model.DoesNotExist:
+                        return None
+
+                return custom_resolver
+
+        return CustomField(
+            _type,
+            required=not field.null,
+        )
 
     return Dynamic(dynamic_type)
 
@@ -177,19 +347,31 @@ def convert_field_to_list_or_connection(field, registry=None):
         if not _type:
             return
 
+        if isinstance(field, models.ManyToManyField):
+            description = get_django_field_description(field)
+        else:
+            description = get_django_field_description(field.field)
+
         # If there is a connection, we should transform the field
         # into a DjangoConnectionField
         if _type._meta.connection:
             # Use a DjangoFilterConnectionField if there are
-            # defined filter_fields in the DjangoObjectType Meta
-            if _type._meta.filter_fields:
+            # defined filter_fields or a filterset_class in the
+            # DjangoObjectType Meta
+            if _type._meta.filter_fields or _type._meta.filterset_class:
                 from .filter.fields import DjangoFilterConnectionField
 
-                return DjangoFilterConnectionField(_type)
+                return DjangoFilterConnectionField(
+                    _type, required=True, description=description
+                )
 
-            return DjangoConnectionField(_type)
+            return DjangoConnectionField(_type, required=True, description=description)
 
-        return DjangoListField(_type)
+        return DjangoListField(
+            _type,
+            required=True,  # A Set is always returned, never None.
+            description=description,
+        )
 
     return Dynamic(dynamic_type)
 
@@ -197,6 +379,10 @@ def convert_field_to_list_or_connection(field, registry=None):
 @convert_django_field.register(models.OneToOneField)
 @convert_django_field.register(models.ForeignKey)
 def convert_field_to_djangomodel(field, registry=None):
+    from graphene.utils.str_converters import to_snake_case
+
+    from .types import DjangoObjectType
+
     model = field.related_model
 
     def dynamic_type():
@@ -204,28 +390,127 @@ def convert_field_to_djangomodel(field, registry=None):
         if not _type:
             return
 
-        return Field(_type, description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
+        class CustomField(Field):
+            def wrap_resolve(self, parent_resolver):
+                """
+                Implements a custom resolver which goes through the `get_node` method to ensure that
+                it goes through the `get_queryset` method of the DjangoObjectType.
+                """
+                resolver = super().wrap_resolve(parent_resolver)
+
+                # If `get_queryset` was not overridden in the DjangoObjectType
+                # or if we explicitly bypass the `get_queryset` method,
+                # we can just return the default resolver.
+                if (
+                    _type.get_queryset.__func__
+                    is DjangoObjectType.get_queryset.__func__
+                    or getattr(resolver, "_bypass_get_queryset", False)
+                ):
+                    return resolver
+
+                def custom_resolver(root, info, **args):
+                    # Note: this function is used to resolve FK or 1:1 fields
+                    #   it does not differentiate between custom-resolved fields
+                    #   and default resolved fields.
+
+                    # because this is a django foreign key or one-to-one field, the primary-key for
+                    # this node can be accessed from the root node.
+                    # ex: article.reporter_id
+
+                    # get the name of the id field from the root's model
+                    field_name = to_snake_case(info.field_name)
+                    db_field_key = root.__class__._meta.get_field(field_name).attname
+                    if hasattr(root, db_field_key):
+                        # get the object's primary-key from root
+                        object_pk = getattr(root, db_field_key)
+                    else:
+                        return None
+
+                    is_resolver_awaitable = inspect.iscoroutinefunction(resolver)
+
+                    if is_resolver_awaitable:
+                        fk_obj = resolver(root, info, **args)
+                        # In case the resolver is a custom awaitable resolver that overwrites
+                        # the default Django resolver
+                        return fk_obj
+
+                    instance_from_get_node = _type.get_node(info, object_pk)
+
+                    if instance_from_get_node is None:
+                        # no instance to return
+                        return
+                    elif (
+                        isinstance(resolver, partial)
+                        and resolver.func is get_default_resolver()
+                    ):
+                        return instance_from_get_node
+                    elif resolver is not get_default_resolver():
+                        # Default resolver is overridden
+                        # For optimization, add the instance to the resolver
+                        setattr(root, field_name, instance_from_get_node)
+                        # Explanation:
+                        #   previously, _type.get_node` is called which results in at least one hit to the database.
+                        #   But, if we did not pass the instance to the root, calling the resolver will result in
+                        #   another call to get the instance which results in at least two database queries in total
+                        #   to resolve this node only.
+                        #   That's why the value of the object is set in the root so when the object is accessed
+                        #   in the resolver (root.field_name) it does not access the database unless queried explicitly.
+                        fk_obj = resolver(root, info, **args)
+                        return fk_obj
+                    else:
+                        return instance_from_get_node
+
+                return custom_resolver
+
+        return CustomField(
+            _type,
+            description=get_django_field_description(field),
+            required=not field.null,
+        )
 
     return Dynamic(dynamic_type)
 
 
 @convert_django_field.register(ArrayField)
 def convert_postgres_array_to_list(field, registry=None):
-    base_type = convert_django_field(field.base_field)
-    if not isinstance(base_type, (List, NonNull)):
-        base_type = type(base_type)
-    return List(base_type, description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
+    inner_type = convert_django_field(field.base_field)
+    if not isinstance(inner_type, (List, NonNull)):
+        inner_type = (
+            NonNull(type(inner_type))
+            if inner_type.kwargs["required"]
+            else type(inner_type)
+        )
+    return List(
+        inner_type,
+        description=get_django_field_description(field),
+        required=not field.null,
+    )
 
 
 @convert_django_field.register(HStoreField)
-@convert_django_field.register(JSONField)
-def convert_posgres_field_to_string(field, registry=None):
-    return JSONString(description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
+@convert_django_field.register(models.JSONField)
+def convert_json_field_to_string(field, registry=None):
+    return JSONString(
+        description=get_django_field_description(field), required=not field.null
+    )
 
 
 @convert_django_field.register(RangeField)
-def convert_posgres_range_to_string(field, registry=None):
+def convert_postgres_range_to_string(field, registry=None):
     inner_type = convert_django_field(field.base_field)
     if not isinstance(inner_type, (List, NonNull)):
-        inner_type = type(inner_type)
-    return List(inner_type, description=field.help_text, required=not field.null)
+        inner_type = (
+            NonNull(type(inner_type))
+            if inner_type.kwargs["required"]
+            else type(inner_type)
+        )
+    return List(
+        inner_type,
+        description=get_django_field_description(field),
+        required=not field.null,
+    )
+
+
+# Register Django lazy()-wrapped values as GraphQL description/help_text.
+# This is needed for using lazy translations, see https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-core-next/issues/58.
+register_description(Promise)