Merge branch 'master' into issue-703

# Conflicts:
#	graphene/__init__.py
#	graphene/types/__init__.py

.editorconfig

@@ -11,4 +11,3 @@ trim_trailing_whitespace = true
 [*.{py,rst,ini}]
 indent_style = space
 indent_size = 4
-

.isort.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[settings]
+known_third_party = aniso8601,graphql,graphql_relay,promise,pytest,pytz,pyutils,setuptools,six,snapshottest,sphinx_graphene_theme

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+repos:
+-   repo: git://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v1.3.0
+    hooks:
+    -   id: check-json
+    -   id: check-yaml
+    -   id: debug-statements
+    -   id: end-of-file-fixer
+        exclude: ^docs/.*$
+    -   id: trailing-whitespace
+        exclude: README.md
+    -   id: pretty-format-json
+        args:
+        - --autofix
+    -   id: flake8
+-   repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
+    rev: v1.4.0
+    hooks:
+    -   id: pyupgrade
+-   repo: https://github.com/ambv/black
+    rev: 18.6b4
+    hooks:
+    - id: black
+      language_version: python3.6

.travis.yml

@@ -1,64 +1,28 @@
 language: python
-sudo: false
-python:
-- 2.7
-- 3.5
-- 3.6
-# - "pypy-5.3.1"
-before_install:
-- |
-  if [ "$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION" = "pypy" ]; then
-    export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
-    if [ -f "$PYENV_ROOT/bin/pyenv" ]; then
-      cd "$PYENV_ROOT" && git pull
-    else
-      rm -rf "$PYENV_ROOT" && git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv.git "$PYENV_ROOT"
-    fi
-    export PYPY_VERSION="4.0.1"
-    "$PYENV_ROOT/bin/pyenv" install "pypy-$PYPY_VERSION"
-    virtualenv --python="$PYENV_ROOT/versions/pypy-$PYPY_VERSION/bin/python" "$HOME/virtualenvs/pypy-$PYPY_VERSION"
-    source "$HOME/virtualenvs/pypy-$PYPY_VERSION/bin/activate"
-  fi
-install:
-- |
-  if [ "$TEST_TYPE" = build ]; then
-    pip install -e .[test]
-    python setup.py develop
-  elif [ "$TEST_TYPE" = lint ]; then
-    pip install flake8
-  elif [ "$TEST_TYPE" = mypy ]; then
-    pip install mypy
-  fi
-script:
-- |
-  if [ "$TEST_TYPE" = lint ]; then
-    echo "Checking Python code lint."
-    flake8 graphene
-    exit
-  elif [ "$TEST_TYPE" = mypy ]; then
-    echo "Checking Python types."
-    mypy graphene
-    exit
-  elif [ "$TEST_TYPE" = build ]; then
-    py.test --cov=graphene graphene examples
-  fi
-after_success:
-- |
-  if [ "$TEST_TYPE" = build ]; then
-      coveralls
-  fi
-env:
-  matrix:
-  - TEST_TYPE=build
-  global:
-    secure: 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
 matrix:
-  fast_finish: true
   include:
-  - python: '2.7'
-    env: TEST_TYPE=lint
-  - python: '3.6'
-    env: TEST_TYPE=mypy
+    -  env: TOXENV=py27
+       python: 2.7
+    -  env: TOXENV=py34
+       python: 3.4
+    -  env: TOXENV=py35
+       python: 3.5
+    -  env: TOXENV=py36
+       python: 3.6
+    -  env: TOXENV=pypy
+       python: pypy-5.7.1
+    -  env: TOXENV=pre-commit
+       python: 3.6
+    -  env: TOXENV=mypy
+       python: 3.6
+install:
+  - pip install coveralls tox
+script: tox
+after_success: coveralls
+cache:
+  directories:
+    - $HOME/.cache/pip
+    - $HOME/.cache/pre-commit
 deploy:
   provider: pypi
   user: syrusakbary

README.md

@@ -73,24 +73,40 @@ If you want to learn even more, you can also check the following [examples](exam
 
 ## Contributing
 
-After cloning this repo, ensure dependencies are installed by running:
+After cloning this repo, create a [virtualenv](https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/stable/) and ensure dependencies are installed by running:
 
 ```sh
+virtualenv venv
+source venv/bin/activate
 pip install -e ".[test]"
 ```
 
-After developing, the full test suite can be evaluated by running:
+Well-written tests and maintaining good test coverage is important to this project. While developing, run new and existing tests with:
 
 ```sh
-py.test graphene --cov=graphene --benchmark-skip # Use -v -s for verbose mode
+py.test PATH/TO/MY/DIR/test_test.py # Single file
+py.test PATH/TO/MY/DIR/ # All tests in directory
 ```
 
+Add the `-s` flag if you have introduced breakpoints into the code for debugging.
+Add the `-v` ("verbose") flag to get more detailed test output. For even more detailed output, use `-vv`.
+Check out the [pytest documentation](https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/) for more options and test running controls.  
+
 You can also run the benchmarks with:
 
 ```sh
 py.test graphene --benchmark-only
 ```
 
+Graphene supports several versions of Python. To make sure that changes do not break compatibility with any of those versions, we use `tox` to create virtualenvs for each python version and run tests with that version. To run against all python versions defined in the `tox.ini` config file, just run:
+```sh
+tox
+```
+If you wish to run against a specific version defined in the `tox.ini` file:
+```sh
+tox -e py36
+```
+Tox can only use whatever versions of python are installed on your system. When you create a pull request, Travis will also be running the same tests and report the results, so there is no need for potential contributors to try to install every single version of python on their own system ahead of time. We appreciate opening issues and pull requests to make graphene even more stable & useful!
 
 ### Documentation
 

UPGRADE-v2.0.md

@@ -122,6 +122,13 @@ def resolve_my_field(self, info, my_arg):
     return ...
 ```
 
+**PS.: Take care with receiving args like `my_arg` as above. This doesn't work for optional (non-required) arguments as stantard `Connection`'s arguments (first, before, after, before).**
+You may need something like this:
+
+```python
+def resolve_my_field(self, info, known_field1, known_field2, **args): ## get other args with: args.get('arg_key')
+```
+
 And, if you need the context in the resolver, you can use `info.context`:
 
 ```python
@@ -191,9 +198,70 @@ class MyObject(ObjectType):
         return ...
 ```
 
+## Node.get_node_from_global_id
+
+The parameters' order of `get_node_from_global_id` method has changed. You may need to adjust your [Node Root Field](http://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/relay/nodes/#node-root-field) and maybe other places that uses this method to obtain an object.
+
+Before:
+```python
+class RootQuery(object):
+    ...
+    node = Field(relay.Node, id=ID(required=True))
+
+    def resolve_node(self, args, context, info):
+        node = relay.Node.get_node_from_global_id(args['id'], context, info)
+        return node
+```
+
+Now:
+```python
+class RootQuery(object):
+    ...
+    node = Field(relay.Node, id=ID(required=True))
+
+    def resolve_node(self, info, id):
+        node = relay.Node.get_node_from_global_id(info, id)
+        return node
+```
+
 ## Mutation.mutate
 
-Now only receives (`root`, `info`, `**args`)
+Now only receives (`self`, `info`, `**args`) and is not a @classmethod
+
+Before:
+
+```python
+class SomeMutation(Mutation):
+    ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    def mutate(cls, instance, args, context, info):
+        ...
+```
+
+With 2.0:
+
+```python
+class SomeMutation(Mutation):
+    ...
+
+    def mutate(self, info, **args):
+        ...
+```
+
+With 2.0 you can also get your declared (as above) `args` this way:
+
+```python
+class SomeMutation(Mutation):
+    class Arguments:
+        first_name = String(required=True)
+        last_name = String(required=True)
+    ...
+
+    def mutate(self, info, first_name, last_name):
+        ...
+```
+
 
 
 ## ClientIDMutation.mutate_and_get_payload
@@ -201,6 +269,35 @@ Now only receives (`root`, `info`, `**args`)
 Now only receives (`root`, `info`, `**input`)
 
 
+### Middlewares
+
+If you are using Middelwares, you need to some adjustments:
+
+Before:
+
+```python
+class MyGrapheneMiddleware(object):  
+    def resolve(self, next_mw, root, args, context, info):
+
+        ## Middleware code
+
+        return next_mw(root, args, context, info)
+```
+
+With 2.0:
+
+```python
+class MyGrapheneMiddleware(object):  
+    def resolve(self, next_mw, root, info, **args):
+        context = info.context
+
+        ## Middleware code
+
+        info.context = context
+        return next_mw(root, info, **args)```
+```
+
+
 ## New Features
 
 ### InputObjectType
@@ -278,7 +375,7 @@ Now you can create abstact types super easily, without the need of subclassing t
 class Base(ObjectType):
     class Meta:
         abstract = True
-    
+
     id = ID()
 
     def resolve_id(self, info):

docs/conf.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import os
 
-on_rtd = os.environ.get('READTHEDOCS', None) == 'True'
+import sphinx_graphene_theme
+
+on_rtd = os.environ.get("READTHEDOCS", None) == "True"
 
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
@@ -34,46 +36,44 @@ on_rtd = os.environ.get('READTHEDOCS', None) == 'True'
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
 extensions = [
-    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
-    'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
-    'sphinx.ext.todo',
-    'sphinx.ext.coverage',
-    'sphinx.ext.viewcode',
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    "sphinx.ext.intersphinx",
+    "sphinx.ext.todo",
+    "sphinx.ext.coverage",
+    "sphinx.ext.viewcode",
 ]
 if not on_rtd:
-    extensions += [
-        'sphinx.ext.githubpages',
-    ]
+    extensions += ["sphinx.ext.githubpages"]
 
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ['_templates']
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
 
 # The suffix(es) of source filenames.
 # You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
 #
 # source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
-source_suffix = '.rst'
+source_suffix = ".rst"
 
 # The encoding of source files.
 #
 # source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
 
 # The master toctree document.
-master_doc = 'index'
+master_doc = "index"
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = u'Graphene'
-copyright = u'Graphene 2016'
-author = u'Syrus Akbary'
+project = u"Graphene"
+copyright = u"Graphene 2016"
+author = u"Syrus Akbary"
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
 # built documents.
 #
 # The short X.Y version.
-version = u'1.0'
+version = u"1.0"
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-release = u'1.0'
+release = u"1.0"
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ language = None
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
 # This patterns also effect to html_static_path and html_extra_path
-exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']
+exclude_patterns = ["_build", "Thumbs.db", ".DS_Store"]
 
 # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
 # documents.
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']
 # show_authors = False
 
 # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
-pygments_style = 'sphinx'
+pygments_style = "sphinx"
 
 # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
 # modindex_common_prefix = []
@@ -136,7 +136,6 @@ todo_include_todos = True
 # html_theme = 'alabaster'
 # if on_rtd:
 #     html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
-import sphinx_graphene_theme
 
 html_theme = "sphinx_graphene_theme"
 
@@ -174,7 +173,7 @@ html_theme_path = [sphinx_graphene_theme.get_html_theme_path()]
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ['_static']
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
 
 # Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
 # .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
@@ -254,34 +253,30 @@ html_static_path = ['_static']
 # html_search_scorer = 'scorer.js'
 
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
-htmlhelp_basename = 'Graphenedoc'
+htmlhelp_basename = "Graphenedoc"
 
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
 
 latex_elements = {
-     # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
-     #
-     # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
-
-     # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
-     #
-     # 'pointsize': '10pt',
-
-     # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
-     #
-     # 'preamble': '',
-
-     # Latex figure (float) alignment
-     #
-     # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
+    # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
+    #
+    # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+    # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
+    #
+    # 'pointsize': '10pt',
+    # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
+    #
+    # 'preamble': '',
+    # Latex figure (float) alignment
+    #
+    # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
 }
 
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-    (master_doc, 'Graphene.tex', u'Graphene Documentation',
-     u'Syrus Akbary', 'manual'),
+    (master_doc, "Graphene.tex", u"Graphene Documentation", u"Syrus Akbary", "manual")
 ]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
@@ -321,10 +316,7 @@ latex_documents = [
 
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
-man_pages = [
-    (master_doc, 'graphene', u'Graphene Documentation',
-     [author], 1)
-]
+man_pages = [(master_doc, "graphene", u"Graphene Documentation", [author], 1)]
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
 #
@@ -337,9 +329,15 @@ man_pages = [
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
-    (master_doc, 'Graphene', u'Graphene Documentation',
-     author, 'Graphene', 'One line description of project.',
-     'Miscellaneous'),
+    (
+        master_doc,
+        "Graphene",
+        u"Graphene Documentation",
+        author,
+        "Graphene",
+        "One line description of project.",
+        "Miscellaneous",
+    )
 ]
 
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
@@ -413,7 +411,7 @@ epub_copyright = copyright
 # epub_post_files = []
 
 # A list of files that should not be packed into the epub file.
-epub_exclude_files = ['search.html']
+epub_exclude_files = ["search.html"]
 
 # The depth of the table of contents in toc.ncx.
 #
@@ -446,9 +444,15 @@ epub_exclude_files = ['search.html']
 
 # Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
 intersphinx_mapping = {
-    'https://docs.python.org/': None,
-    'python': ('https://docs.python.org/', None),
-    'graphene_django': ('http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/django/en/latest/', None),
-    'graphene_sqlalchemy': ('http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/sqlalchemy/en/latest/', None),
-    'graphene_gae': ('http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/gae/en/latest/', None),
+    "https://docs.python.org/": None,
+    "python": ("https://docs.python.org/", None),
+    "graphene_django": (
+        "http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/django/en/latest/",
+        None,
+    ),
+    "graphene_sqlalchemy": (
+        "http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/sqlalchemy/en/latest/",
+        None,
+    ),
+    "graphene_gae": ("http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/gae/en/latest/", None),
 }

docs/execution/dataloader.rst

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Naively, if ``me``, ``bestFriend`` and ``friends`` each need to request the back
 there could be at most 13 database requests!
 
 
-When using DataLoader, we could define the User type using our previous example with 
+When using DataLoader, we could define the User type using our previous example with
 leaner code and at most 4 database requests, and possibly fewer if there are cache hits.
 
 

docs/relay/mutations.rst

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Mutations can also accept files, that's how it will work with different integrat
          class Input:
              pass
              # nothing needed for uploading file
-     
+
          # your return fields
          success = graphene.String()
 

docs/testing/index.rst

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Here is a simple example on how our tests will look if we use ``pytest``:
 If we are using ``unittest``:
 
 .. code:: python
-    
+
     from snapshottest import TestCase
 
     class APITestCase(TestCase):

docs/types/index.rst

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ Types Reference
    enums
    scalars
    list-and-nonnull
-   interfaces
-   abstracttypes
-   unions
    objecttypes
+   interfaces
+   unions
    schema
    mutations
+   abstracttypes

docs/types/interfaces.rst

@@ -1,60 +1,170 @@
 Interfaces
 ==========
 
-An Interface contains the essential fields that will be implemented by
-multiple ObjectTypes.
+An *Interface* is an abstract type that defines a certain set of fields that a
+type must include to implement the interface.
 
-The basics:
-
-- Each Interface is a Python class that inherits from ``graphene.Interface``.
-- Each attribute of the Interface represents a GraphQL field.
-
-Quick example
--------------
-
-This example model defines a ``Character`` interface with a name. ``Human``
-and ``Droid`` are two implementations of that interface.
+For example, you can define an Interface ``Character`` that represents any
+character in the Star Wars trilogy:
 
 .. code:: python
 
     import graphene
 
     class Character(graphene.Interface):
-        name = graphene.String()
+        id = graphene.ID(required=True)
+        name = graphene.String(required=True)
+        friends = graphene.List(lambda: Character)
+
+
+Any ObjectType that implements ``Character`` will have these exact fields, with
+these arguments and return types.
+
+For example, here are some types that might implement ``Character``:
+
+.. code:: python
 
-    # Human is a Character implementation
     class Human(graphene.ObjectType):
         class Meta:
             interfaces = (Character, )
 
-        born_in = graphene.String()
+        starships = graphene.List(Starship)
+        home_planet = graphene.String()
 
-    # Droid is a Character implementation
     class Droid(graphene.ObjectType):
         class Meta:
             interfaces = (Character, )
 
-        function = graphene.String()
+        primary_function = graphene.String()
 
 
-``name`` is a field on the ``Character`` interface that will also exist on both
-the ``Human`` and ``Droid`` ObjectTypes (as those implement the ``Character``
-interface). Each ObjectType may define additional fields.
+Both of these types have all of the fields from the ``Character`` interface,
+but also bring in extra fields, ``home_planet``, ``starships`` and
+``primary_function``, that are specific to that particular type of character.
 
-The above types have the following representation in a schema:
+The full GraphQL schema defition will look like this:
 
 .. code::
 
     interface Character {
-      name: String
-    }
-
-    type Droid implements Character {
-      name: String
-      function: String
+        id: ID!
+        name: String!
+        friends: [Character]
     }
 
     type Human implements Character {
-      name: String
-      bornIn: String
+        id: ID!
+        name: String!
+        friends: [Character]
+        starships: [Starship]
+        homePlanet: String
     }
+
+    type Droid implements Character {
+        id: ID!
+        name: String!
+        friends: [Character]
+        primaryFunction: String
+    }
+
+Interfaces are useful when you want to return an object or set of objects,
+which might be of several different types.
+
+For example, you can define a field ``hero`` that resolves to any
+``Character``, depending on the episode, like this:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
+        hero = graphene.Field(
+            Character,
+            required=True,
+            episode=graphene.Int(required=True)
+        )
+
+        def resolve_hero(_, info, episode):
+            # Luke is the hero of Episode V
+            if episode == 5:
+                return get_human(name='Luke Skywalker')
+            return get_droid(name='R2-D2')
+
+    schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query, types=[Human, Droid])
+
+This allows you to directly query for fields that exist on the Character interface
+as well as selecting specific fields on any type that implments the interface
+using `inline fragments <https://graphql.org/learn/queries/#inline-fragments>`_.
+
+For example, the following query:
+
+.. code::
+
+    query HeroForEpisode($episode: Int!) {
+        hero(episode: $episode) {
+            __typename
+            name
+            ... on Droid {
+                primaryFunction
+            }
+            ... on Human {
+                homePlanet
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+Will return the following data with variables ``{ "episode": 4 }``:
+
+.. code:: json
+
+    {
+        "data": {
+            "hero": {
+                "__typename": "Droid",
+                "name": "R2-D2",
+                "primaryFunction": "Astromech"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+And different data with the variables ``{ "episode": 5 }``:
+
+.. code:: json
+
+    {
+        "data": {
+            "hero": {
+                "__typename": "Human",
+                "name": "Luke Skywalker",
+                "homePlanet": "Tatooine"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+Resolving data objects to types
+-------------------------------
+
+As you build out your schema in Graphene it's common for your resolvers to
+return objects that represent the data backing your GraphQL types rather than
+instances of the Graphene types (e.g. Django or SQLAlchemy models). This works
+well with ``ObjectType`` and ``Scalar`` fields, however when you start using
+Interfaces you might come across this error:
+
+.. code::
+
+    "Abstract type Character must resolve to an Object type at runtime for field Query.hero ..."
+
+This happens because Graphene doesn't have enough information to convert the
+data object into a Graphene type needed to resolve the ``Interface``. To solve
+this you can define a ``resolve_type`` class method on the ``Interface`` which
+maps a data object to a Graphene type:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    class Character(graphene.Interface):
+        id = graphene.ID(required=True)
+        name = graphene.String(required=True)
+
+        @classmethod
+        def resolve_type(cls, instance, info):
+            if instance.type == 'DROID':
+                return Droid
+            return Human

docs/types/mutations.rst

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ This example defines a Mutation:
             ok = True
             return CreatePerson(person=person, ok=ok)
 
-**person** and **ok** are the output fields of the Mutation when is
+**person** and **ok** are the output fields of the Mutation when it is
 resolved.
 
 **Input** attributes are the arguments that the Mutation
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ We should receive:
     {
         "createPerson": {
             "person" : {
-                name: "Peter"
+                "name": "Peter"
             },
             "ok": true
         }
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ Note that  **name** and **age** are part of **person_data** now
 
 Using the above mutation your new query would look like this:
 
-.. code:: json
+.. code::
 
     mutation myFirstMutation {
         createPerson(personData: {name:"Peter", age: 24}) {
@@ -143,3 +143,41 @@ as complex of input data as you need
         name = graphene.String()
         latlng = graphene.InputField(LatLngInput)
 
+Output type example
+-------------------
+To return an existing ObjectType instead of a mutation-specific type, set the **Output** attribute to the desired ObjectType:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    import graphene
+
+    class CreatePerson(graphene.Mutation):
+        class Arguments:
+            name = graphene.String()
+
+        Output = Person
+
+        def mutate(self, info, name):
+            return Person(name=name)
+
+Then, if we query (``schema.execute(query_str)``) the following:
+
+.. code::
+
+    mutation myFirstMutation {
+        createPerson(name:"Peter") {
+            name
+            __typename
+        }
+    }
+
+We should receive:
+
+.. code:: json
+
+    {
+        "createPerson": {
+            "name": "Peter",
+            "__typename": "Person"
+        }
+    }

docs/types/objecttypes.rst

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ A resolver is a method that resolves certain fields within a
 ``ObjectType``. If not specififed otherwise, the resolver of a
 field is the ``resolve_{field_name}`` method on the ``ObjectType``.
 
-By default resolvers take the arguments ``args``, ``context`` and ``info``.
+By default resolvers take the arguments ``info`` and ``*args``.
 
 NOTE: The resolvers on a ``ObjectType`` are always treated as ``staticmethod``\ s,
 so the first argument to the resolver method ``self`` (or ``root``) need

examples/complex_example.py

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
 
 
 class CreateAddress(graphene.Mutation):
-    
     class Arguments:
         geo = GeoInput(required=True)
 
@@ -37,42 +36,34 @@ class Mutation(graphene.ObjectType):
 
 
 schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query, mutation=Mutation)
-query = '''
+query = """
     query something{
       address(geo: {lat:32.2, lng:12}) {
         latlng
       }
     }
-'''
-mutation = '''
+"""
+mutation = """
     mutation addAddress{
       createAddress(geo: {lat:32.2, lng:12}) {
         latlng
       }
     }
-'''
+"""
 
 
 def test_query():
     result = schema.execute(query)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {
-        'address': {
-            'latlng': "(32.2,12.0)",
-        }
-    }
+    assert result.data == {"address": {"latlng": "(32.2,12.0)"}}
 
 
 def test_mutation():
     result = schema.execute(mutation)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {
-        'createAddress': {
-            'latlng': "(32.2,12.0)",
-        }
-    }
+    assert result.data == {"createAddress": {"latlng": "(32.2,12.0)"}}
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     result = schema.execute(query)
-    print(result.data['address']['latlng'])
+    print(result.data["address"]["latlng"])

examples/context_example.py

@@ -10,31 +10,26 @@ class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
     me = graphene.Field(User)
 
     def resolve_me(self, info):
-        return info.context['user']
+        return info.context["user"]
 
 
 schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
-query = '''
+query = """
     query something{
       me {
         id
         name
       }
     }
-'''
+"""
 
 
 def test_query():
-    result = schema.execute(query, context_value={'user': User(id='1', name='Syrus')})
+    result = schema.execute(query, context_value={"user": User(id="1", name="Syrus")})
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {
-        'me': {
-            'id': '1',
-            'name': 'Syrus',
-        }
-    }
+    assert result.data == {"me": {"id": "1", "name": "Syrus"}}
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    result = schema.execute(query, context_value={'user': User(id='X', name='Console')})
-    print(result.data['me'])
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    result = schema.execute(query, context_value={"user": User(id="X", name="Console")})
+    print(result.data["me"])

examples/simple_example.py

@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
     patron = graphene.Field(Patron)
 
     def resolve_patron(self, info):
-        return Patron(id=1, name='Syrus', age=27)
+        return Patron(id=1, name="Syrus", age=27)
 
 
 schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
-query = '''
+query = """
     query something{
       patron {
         id
@@ -24,21 +24,15 @@ query = '''
         age
       }
     }
-'''
+"""
 
 
 def test_query():
     result = schema.execute(query)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {
-        'patron': {
-            'id': '1',
-            'name': 'Syrus',
-            'age': 27,
-        }
-    }
+    assert result.data == {"patron": {"id": "1", "name": "Syrus", "age": 27}}
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     result = schema.execute(query)
-    print(result.data['patron'])
+    print(result.data["patron"])

examples/starwars/data.py

@@ -4,75 +4,73 @@ droid_data = {}
 
 def setup():
     from .schema import Human, Droid
+
     global human_data, droid_data
     luke = Human(
-        id='1000',
-        name='Luke Skywalker',
-        friends=['1002', '1003', '2000', '2001'],
+        id="1000",
+        name="Luke Skywalker",
+        friends=["1002", "1003", "2000", "2001"],
         appears_in=[4, 5, 6],
-        home_planet='Tatooine',
+        home_planet="Tatooine",
     )
 
     vader = Human(
-        id='1001',
-        name='Darth Vader',
-        friends=['1004'],
+        id="1001",
+        name="Darth Vader",
+        friends=["1004"],
         appears_in=[4, 5, 6],
-        home_planet='Tatooine',
+        home_planet="Tatooine",
     )
 
     han = Human(
-        id='1002',
-        name='Han Solo',
-        friends=['1000', '1003', '2001'],
+        id="1002",
+        name="Han Solo",
+        friends=["1000", "1003", "2001"],
         appears_in=[4, 5, 6],
         home_planet=None,
     )
 
     leia = Human(
-        id='1003',
-        name='Leia Organa',
-        friends=['1000', '1002', '2000', '2001'],
+        id="1003",
+        name="Leia Organa",
+        friends=["1000", "1002", "2000", "2001"],
         appears_in=[4, 5, 6],
-        home_planet='Alderaan',
+        home_planet="Alderaan",
     )
 
     tarkin = Human(
-        id='1004',
-        name='Wilhuff Tarkin',
-        friends=['1001'],
+        id="1004",
+        name="Wilhuff Tarkin",
+        friends=["1001"],
         appears_in=[4],
         home_planet=None,
     )
 
     human_data = {
-        '1000': luke,
-        '1001': vader,
-        '1002': han,
-        '1003': leia,
-        '1004': tarkin,
+        "1000": luke,
+        "1001": vader,
+        "1002": han,
+        "1003": leia,
+        "1004": tarkin,
     }
 
     c3po = Droid(
-        id='2000',
-        name='C-3PO',
-        friends=['1000', '1002', '1003', '2001'],
+        id="2000",
+        name="C-3PO",
+        friends=["1000", "1002", "1003", "2001"],
         appears_in=[4, 5, 6],
-        primary_function='Protocol',
+        primary_function="Protocol",
     )
 
     r2d2 = Droid(
-        id='2001',
-        name='R2-D2',
-        friends=['1000', '1002', '1003'],
+        id="2001",
+        name="R2-D2",
+        friends=["1000", "1002", "1003"],
         appears_in=[4, 5, 6],
-        primary_function='Astromech',
+        primary_function="Astromech",
     )
 
-    droid_data = {
-        '2000': c3po,
-        '2001': r2d2,
-    }
+    droid_data = {"2000": c3po, "2001": r2d2}
 
 
 def get_character(id):
@@ -85,8 +83,8 @@ def get_friends(character):
 
 def get_hero(episode):
     if episode == 5:
-        return human_data['1000']
-    return droid_data['2001']
+        return human_data["1000"]
+    return droid_data["2001"]
 
 
 def get_human(id):

examples/starwars/schema.py

@@ -21,29 +21,23 @@ class Character(graphene.Interface):
 
 
 class Human(graphene.ObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
-        interfaces = (Character, )
+        interfaces = (Character,)
+
     home_planet = graphene.String()
 
 
 class Droid(graphene.ObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
-        interfaces = (Character, )
+        interfaces = (Character,)
+
     primary_function = graphene.String()
 
 
 class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
-    hero = graphene.Field(Character,
-                          episode=Episode()
-                          )
-    human = graphene.Field(Human,
-                           id=graphene.String()
-                           )
-    droid = graphene.Field(Droid,
-                           id=graphene.String()
-                           )
+    hero = graphene.Field(Character, episode=Episode())
+    human = graphene.Field(Human, id=graphene.String())
+    droid = graphene.Field(Droid, id=graphene.String())
 
     def resolve_hero(self, info, episode=None):
         return get_hero(episode)

examples/starwars/tests/snapshots/snap_test_query.py

@@ -4,199 +4,97 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from snapshottest import Snapshot
 
-
 snapshots = Snapshot()
 
-snapshots['test_hero_name_query 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'hero': {
-            'name': 'R2-D2'
+snapshots["test_hero_name_query 1"] = {"data": {"hero": {"name": "R2-D2"}}}
+
+snapshots["test_hero_name_and_friends_query 1"] = {
+    "data": {
+        "hero": {
+            "id": "2001",
+            "name": "R2-D2",
+            "friends": [
+                {"name": "Luke Skywalker"},
+                {"name": "Han Solo"},
+                {"name": "Leia Organa"},
+            ],
         }
     }
 }
 
-snapshots['test_hero_name_and_friends_query 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'hero': {
-            'id': '2001',
-            'name': 'R2-D2',
-            'friends': [
+snapshots["test_nested_query 1"] = {
+    "data": {
+        "hero": {
+            "name": "R2-D2",
+            "friends": [
                 {
-                    'name': 'Luke Skywalker'
-                },
-                {
-                    'name': 'Han Solo'
-                },
-                {
-                    'name': 'Leia Organa'
-                }
-            ]
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-snapshots['test_nested_query 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'hero': {
-            'name': 'R2-D2',
-            'friends': [
-                {
-                    'name': 'Luke Skywalker',
-                    'appearsIn': [
-                        'NEWHOPE',
-                        'EMPIRE',
-                        'JEDI'
+                    "name": "Luke Skywalker",
+                    "appearsIn": ["NEWHOPE", "EMPIRE", "JEDI"],
+                    "friends": [
+                        {"name": "Han Solo"},
+                        {"name": "Leia Organa"},
+                        {"name": "C-3PO"},
+                        {"name": "R2-D2"},
                     ],
-                    'friends': [
-                        {
-                            'name': 'Han Solo'
-                        },
-                        {
-                            'name': 'Leia Organa'
-                        },
-                        {
-                            'name': 'C-3PO'
-                        },
-                        {
-                            'name': 'R2-D2'
-                        }
-                    ]
                 },
                 {
-                    'name': 'Han Solo',
-                    'appearsIn': [
-                        'NEWHOPE',
-                        'EMPIRE',
-                        'JEDI'
+                    "name": "Han Solo",
+                    "appearsIn": ["NEWHOPE", "EMPIRE", "JEDI"],
+                    "friends": [
+                        {"name": "Luke Skywalker"},
+                        {"name": "Leia Organa"},
+                        {"name": "R2-D2"},
                     ],
-                    'friends': [
-                        {
-                            'name': 'Luke Skywalker'
-                        },
-                        {
-                            'name': 'Leia Organa'
-                        },
-                        {
-                            'name': 'R2-D2'
-                        }
-                    ]
                 },
                 {
-                    'name': 'Leia Organa',
-                    'appearsIn': [
-                        'NEWHOPE',
-                        'EMPIRE',
-                        'JEDI'
+                    "name": "Leia Organa",
+                    "appearsIn": ["NEWHOPE", "EMPIRE", "JEDI"],
+                    "friends": [
+                        {"name": "Luke Skywalker"},
+                        {"name": "Han Solo"},
+                        {"name": "C-3PO"},
+                        {"name": "R2-D2"},
                     ],
-                    'friends': [
-                        {
-                            'name': 'Luke Skywalker'
-                        },
-                        {
-                            'name': 'Han Solo'
-                        },
-                        {
-                            'name': 'C-3PO'
-                        },
-                        {
-                            'name': 'R2-D2'
-                        }
-                    ]
-                }
-            ]
+                },
+            ],
         }
     }
 }
 
-snapshots['test_fetch_luke_query 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'human': {
-            'name': 'Luke Skywalker'
-        }
+snapshots["test_fetch_luke_query 1"] = {"data": {"human": {"name": "Luke Skywalker"}}}
+
+snapshots["test_fetch_some_id_query 1"] = {
+    "data": {"human": {"name": "Luke Skywalker"}}
+}
+
+snapshots["test_fetch_some_id_query2 1"] = {"data": {"human": {"name": "Han Solo"}}}
+
+snapshots["test_invalid_id_query 1"] = {"data": {"human": None}}
+
+snapshots["test_fetch_luke_aliased 1"] = {"data": {"luke": {"name": "Luke Skywalker"}}}
+
+snapshots["test_fetch_luke_and_leia_aliased 1"] = {
+    "data": {"luke": {"name": "Luke Skywalker"}, "leia": {"name": "Leia Organa"}}
+}
+
+snapshots["test_duplicate_fields 1"] = {
+    "data": {
+        "luke": {"name": "Luke Skywalker", "homePlanet": "Tatooine"},
+        "leia": {"name": "Leia Organa", "homePlanet": "Alderaan"},
     }
 }
 
-snapshots['test_fetch_some_id_query 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'human': {
-            'name': 'Luke Skywalker'
-        }
+snapshots["test_use_fragment 1"] = {
+    "data": {
+        "luke": {"name": "Luke Skywalker", "homePlanet": "Tatooine"},
+        "leia": {"name": "Leia Organa", "homePlanet": "Alderaan"},
     }
 }
 
-snapshots['test_fetch_some_id_query2 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'human': {
-            'name': 'Han Solo'
-        }
-    }
+snapshots["test_check_type_of_r2 1"] = {
+    "data": {"hero": {"__typename": "Droid", "name": "R2-D2"}}
 }
 
-snapshots['test_invalid_id_query 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'human': None
-    }
-}
-
-snapshots['test_fetch_luke_aliased 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'luke': {
-            'name': 'Luke Skywalker'
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-snapshots['test_fetch_luke_and_leia_aliased 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'luke': {
-            'name': 'Luke Skywalker'
-        },
-        'leia': {
-            'name': 'Leia Organa'
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-snapshots['test_duplicate_fields 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'luke': {
-            'name': 'Luke Skywalker',
-            'homePlanet': 'Tatooine'
-        },
-        'leia': {
-            'name': 'Leia Organa',
-            'homePlanet': 'Alderaan'
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-snapshots['test_use_fragment 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'luke': {
-            'name': 'Luke Skywalker',
-            'homePlanet': 'Tatooine'
-        },
-        'leia': {
-            'name': 'Leia Organa',
-            'homePlanet': 'Alderaan'
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-snapshots['test_check_type_of_r2 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'hero': {
-            '__typename': 'Droid',
-            'name': 'R2-D2'
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-snapshots['test_check_type_of_luke 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'hero': {
-            '__typename': 'Human',
-            'name': 'Luke Skywalker'
-        }
-    }
+snapshots["test_check_type_of_luke 1"] = {
+    "data": {"hero": {"__typename": "Human", "name": "Luke Skywalker"}}
 }

examples/starwars/tests/test_query.py

@@ -9,18 +9,18 @@ client = Client(schema)
 
 
 def test_hero_name_query(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
         query HeroNameQuery {
           hero {
             name
           }
         }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
 
 
 def test_hero_name_and_friends_query(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
         query HeroNameAndFriendsQuery {
           hero {
             id
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ def test_hero_name_and_friends_query(snapshot):
             }
           }
         }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
 
 
 def test_nested_query(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
         query NestedQuery {
           hero {
             name
@@ -48,76 +48,70 @@ def test_nested_query(snapshot):
             }
           }
         }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
 
 
 def test_fetch_luke_query(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
         query FetchLukeQuery {
           human(id: "1000") {
             name
           }
         }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
 
 
 def test_fetch_some_id_query(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
         query FetchSomeIDQuery($someId: String!) {
           human(id: $someId) {
             name
           }
         }
-    '''
-    params = {
-        'someId': '1000',
-    }
+    """
+    params = {"someId": "1000"}
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query, variable_values=params))
 
 
 def test_fetch_some_id_query2(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
         query FetchSomeIDQuery($someId: String!) {
           human(id: $someId) {
             name
           }
         }
-    '''
-    params = {
-        'someId': '1002',
-    }
+    """
+    params = {"someId": "1002"}
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query, variable_values=params))
 
 
 def test_invalid_id_query(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
         query humanQuery($id: String!) {
           human(id: $id) {
             name
           }
         }
-    '''
-    params = {
-        'id': 'not a valid id',
-    }
+    """
+    params = {"id": "not a valid id"}
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query, variable_values=params))
 
 
 def test_fetch_luke_aliased(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
         query FetchLukeAliased {
           luke: human(id: "1000") {
             name
           }
         }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
 
 
 def test_fetch_luke_and_leia_aliased(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
         query FetchLukeAndLeiaAliased {
           luke: human(id: "1000") {
             name
@@ -126,12 +120,12 @@ def test_fetch_luke_and_leia_aliased(snapshot):
             name
           }
         }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
 
 
 def test_duplicate_fields(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
         query DuplicateFields {
           luke: human(id: "1000") {
             name
@@ -142,12 +136,12 @@ def test_duplicate_fields(snapshot):
             homePlanet
           }
         }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
 
 
 def test_use_fragment(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
         query UseFragment {
           luke: human(id: "1000") {
             ...HumanFragment
@@ -160,29 +154,29 @@ def test_use_fragment(snapshot):
           name
           homePlanet
         }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
 
 
 def test_check_type_of_r2(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
         query CheckTypeOfR2 {
           hero {
             __typename
             name
           }
         }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
 
 
 def test_check_type_of_luke(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
         query CheckTypeOfLuke {
           hero(episode: EMPIRE) {
             __typename
             name
           }
         }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))

examples/starwars_relay/data.py

@@ -5,101 +5,67 @@ def setup():
     global data
 
     from .schema import Ship, Faction
-    xwing = Ship(
-        id='1',
-        name='X-Wing',
-    )
 
-    ywing = Ship(
-        id='2',
-        name='Y-Wing',
-    )
+    xwing = Ship(id="1", name="X-Wing")
 
-    awing = Ship(
-        id='3',
-        name='A-Wing',
-    )
+    ywing = Ship(id="2", name="Y-Wing")
+
+    awing = Ship(id="3", name="A-Wing")
 
     # Yeah, technically it's Corellian. But it flew in the service of the rebels,
     # so for the purposes of this demo it's a rebel ship.
-    falcon = Ship(
-        id='4',
-        name='Millenium Falcon',
-    )
+    falcon = Ship(id="4", name="Millenium Falcon")
 
-    homeOne = Ship(
-        id='5',
-        name='Home One',
-    )
+    homeOne = Ship(id="5", name="Home One")
 
-    tieFighter = Ship(
-        id='6',
-        name='TIE Fighter',
-    )
+    tieFighter = Ship(id="6", name="TIE Fighter")
 
-    tieInterceptor = Ship(
-        id='7',
-        name='TIE Interceptor',
-    )
+    tieInterceptor = Ship(id="7", name="TIE Interceptor")
 
-    executor = Ship(
-        id='8',
-        name='Executor',
-    )
+    executor = Ship(id="8", name="Executor")
 
     rebels = Faction(
-        id='1',
-        name='Alliance to Restore the Republic',
-        ships=['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']
+        id="1", name="Alliance to Restore the Republic", ships=["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]
     )
 
-    empire = Faction(
-        id='2',
-        name='Galactic Empire',
-        ships=['6', '7', '8']
-    )
+    empire = Faction(id="2", name="Galactic Empire", ships=["6", "7", "8"])
 
     data = {
-        'Faction': {
-            '1': rebels,
-            '2': empire
+        "Faction": {"1": rebels, "2": empire},
+        "Ship": {
+            "1": xwing,
+            "2": ywing,
+            "3": awing,
+            "4": falcon,
+            "5": homeOne,
+            "6": tieFighter,
+            "7": tieInterceptor,
+            "8": executor,
         },
-        'Ship': {
-            '1': xwing,
-            '2': ywing,
-            '3': awing,
-            '4': falcon,
-            '5': homeOne,
-            '6': tieFighter,
-            '7': tieInterceptor,
-            '8': executor
-        }
     }
 
 
 def create_ship(ship_name, faction_id):
     from .schema import Ship
-    next_ship = len(data['Ship'].keys()) + 1
-    new_ship = Ship(
-        id=str(next_ship),
-        name=ship_name
-    )
-    data['Ship'][new_ship.id] = new_ship
-    data['Faction'][faction_id].ships.append(new_ship.id)
+
+    next_ship = len(data["Ship"].keys()) + 1
+    new_ship = Ship(id=str(next_ship), name=ship_name)
+    data["Ship"][new_ship.id] = new_ship
+    data["Faction"][faction_id].ships.append(new_ship.id)
     return new_ship
 
 
 def get_ship(_id):
-    return data['Ship'][_id]
+    return data["Ship"][_id]
 
 
 def get_faction(_id):
-    return data['Faction'][_id]
+    return data["Faction"][_id]
 
 
 def get_rebels():
-    return get_faction('1')
+    return get_faction("1")
 
 
 def get_empire():
-    return get_faction('2')
+    return get_faction("2")

examples/starwars_relay/schema.py

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ from .data import create_ship, get_empire, get_faction, get_rebels, get_ship
 
 
 class Ship(graphene.ObjectType):
-    '''A ship in the Star Wars saga'''
+    """A ship in the Star Wars saga"""
 
     class Meta:
-        interfaces = (relay.Node, )
+        interfaces = (relay.Node,)
 
-    name = graphene.String(description='The name of the ship.')
+    name = graphene.String(description="The name of the ship.")
 
     @classmethod
     def get_node(cls, info, id):
@@ -18,19 +18,20 @@ class Ship(graphene.ObjectType):
 
 
 class ShipConnection(relay.Connection):
-
     class Meta:
         node = Ship
 
 
 class Faction(graphene.ObjectType):
-    '''A faction in the Star Wars saga'''
+    """A faction in the Star Wars saga"""
 
     class Meta:
-        interfaces = (relay.Node, )
+        interfaces = (relay.Node,)
 
-    name = graphene.String(description='The name of the faction.')
-    ships = relay.ConnectionField(ShipConnection, description='The ships used by the faction.')
+    name = graphene.String(description="The name of the faction.")
+    ships = relay.ConnectionField(
+        ShipConnection, description="The ships used by the faction."
+    )
 
     def resolve_ships(self, info, **args):
         # Transform the instance ship_ids into real instances
@@ -42,7 +43,6 @@ class Faction(graphene.ObjectType):
 
 
 class IntroduceShip(relay.ClientIDMutation):
-
     class Input:
         ship_name = graphene.String(required=True)
         faction_id = graphene.String(required=True)
@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ class IntroduceShip(relay.ClientIDMutation):
     faction = graphene.Field(Faction)
 
     @classmethod
-    def mutate_and_get_payload(cls, root, info, ship_name, faction_id, client_mutation_id=None):
+    def mutate_and_get_payload(
+        cls, root, info, ship_name, faction_id, client_mutation_id=None
+    ):
         ship = create_ship(ship_name, faction_id)
         faction = get_faction(faction_id)
         return IntroduceShip(ship=ship, faction=faction)

examples/starwars_relay/tests/snapshots/snap_test_connections.py

@@ -4,29 +4,23 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from snapshottest import Snapshot
 
-
 snapshots = Snapshot()
 
-snapshots['test_correct_fetch_first_ship_rebels 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'rebels': {
-            'name': 'Alliance to Restore the Republic',
-            'ships': {
-                'pageInfo': {
-                    'startCursor': 'YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjA=',
-                    'endCursor': 'YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjA=',
-                    'hasNextPage': True,
-                    'hasPreviousPage': False
+snapshots["test_correct_fetch_first_ship_rebels 1"] = {
+    "data": {
+        "rebels": {
+            "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic",
+            "ships": {
+                "pageInfo": {
+                    "startCursor": "YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjA=",
+                    "endCursor": "YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjA=",
+                    "hasNextPage": True,
+                    "hasPreviousPage": False,
                 },
-                'edges': [
-                    {
-                        'cursor': 'YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjA=',
-                        'node': {
-                            'name': 'X-Wing'
-                        }
-                    }
-                ]
-            }
+                "edges": [
+                    {"cursor": "YXJyYXljb25uZWN0aW9uOjA=", "node": {"name": "X-Wing"}}
+                ],
+            },
         }
     }
 }

examples/starwars_relay/tests/snapshots/snap_test_mutation.py

@@ -4,59 +4,25 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from snapshottest import Snapshot
 
-
 snapshots = Snapshot()
 
-snapshots['test_mutations 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'introduceShip': {
-            'ship': {
-                'id': 'U2hpcDo5',
-                'name': 'Peter'
-            },
-            'faction': {
-                'name': 'Alliance to Restore the Republic',
-                'ships': {
-                    'edges': [
-                        {
-                            'node': {
-                                'id': 'U2hpcDox',
-                                'name': 'X-Wing'
-                            }
-                        },
-                        {
-                            'node': {
-                                'id': 'U2hpcDoy',
-                                'name': 'Y-Wing'
-                            }
-                        },
-                        {
-                            'node': {
-                                'id': 'U2hpcDoz',
-                                'name': 'A-Wing'
-                            }
-                        },
-                        {
-                            'node': {
-                                'id': 'U2hpcDo0',
-                                'name': 'Millenium Falcon'
-                            }
-                        },
-                        {
-                            'node': {
-                                'id': 'U2hpcDo1',
-                                'name': 'Home One'
-                            }
-                        },
-                        {
-                            'node': {
-                                'id': 'U2hpcDo5',
-                                'name': 'Peter'
-                            }
-                        }
+snapshots["test_mutations 1"] = {
+    "data": {
+        "introduceShip": {
+            "ship": {"id": "U2hpcDo5", "name": "Peter"},
+            "faction": {
+                "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic",
+                "ships": {
+                    "edges": [
+                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDox", "name": "X-Wing"}},
+                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDoy", "name": "Y-Wing"}},
+                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDoz", "name": "A-Wing"}},
+                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDo0", "name": "Millenium Falcon"}},
+                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDo1", "name": "Home One"}},
+                        {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDo5", "name": "Peter"}},
                     ]
-                }
-            }
+                },
+            },
         }
     }
 }

examples/starwars_relay/tests/snapshots/snap_test_objectidentification.py

@@ -4,55 +4,33 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from snapshottest import Snapshot
 
-
 snapshots = Snapshot()
 
-snapshots['test_correctly_fetches_id_name_rebels 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'rebels': {
-            'id': 'RmFjdGlvbjox',
-            'name': 'Alliance to Restore the Republic'
-        }
+snapshots["test_correctly_fetches_id_name_rebels 1"] = {
+    "data": {
+        "rebels": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjox", "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic"}
     }
 }
 
-snapshots['test_correctly_refetches_rebels 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'node': {
-            'id': 'RmFjdGlvbjox',
-            'name': 'Alliance to Restore the Republic'
-        }
-    }
+snapshots["test_correctly_refetches_rebels 1"] = {
+    "data": {"node": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjox", "name": "Alliance to Restore the Republic"}}
 }
 
-snapshots['test_correctly_fetches_id_name_empire 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'empire': {
-            'id': 'RmFjdGlvbjoy',
-            'name': 'Galactic Empire'
-        }
-    }
+snapshots["test_correctly_fetches_id_name_empire 1"] = {
+    "data": {"empire": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjoy", "name": "Galactic Empire"}}
 }
 
-snapshots['test_correctly_refetches_empire 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'node': {
-            'id': 'RmFjdGlvbjoy',
-            'name': 'Galactic Empire'
-        }
-    }
+snapshots["test_correctly_refetches_empire 1"] = {
+    "data": {"node": {"id": "RmFjdGlvbjoy", "name": "Galactic Empire"}}
 }
 
-snapshots['test_correctly_refetches_xwing 1'] = {
-    'data': {
-        'node': {
-            'id': 'U2hpcDox',
-            'name': 'X-Wing'
-        }
-    }
+snapshots["test_correctly_refetches_xwing 1"] = {
+    "data": {"node": {"id": "U2hpcDox", "name": "X-Wing"}}
 }
 
-snapshots['test_str_schema 1'] = '''schema {
+snapshots[
+    "test_str_schema 1"
+] = """schema {
   query: Query
   mutation: Mutation
 }
@@ -110,4 +88,4 @@ type ShipEdge {
   node: Ship
   cursor: String!
 }
-'''
+"""

examples/starwars_relay/tests/test_connections.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ client = Client(schema)
 
 
 def test_correct_fetch_first_ship_rebels(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
     query RebelsShipsQuery {
       rebels {
         name,
@@ -29,5 +29,5 @@ def test_correct_fetch_first_ship_rebels(snapshot):
         }
       }
     }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))

examples/starwars_relay/tests/test_mutation.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ client = Client(schema)
 
 
 def test_mutations(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
     mutation MyMutation {
       introduceShip(input:{clientMutationId:"abc", shipName: "Peter", factionId: "1"}) {
         ship {
@@ -29,5 +29,5 @@ def test_mutations(snapshot):
         }
       }
     }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))

examples/starwars_relay/tests/test_objectidentification.py

@@ -13,19 +13,19 @@ def test_str_schema(snapshot):
 
 
 def test_correctly_fetches_id_name_rebels(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       query RebelsQuery {
         rebels {
           id
           name
         }
       }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
 
 
 def test_correctly_refetches_rebels(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       query RebelsRefetchQuery {
         node(id: "RmFjdGlvbjox") {
           id
@@ -34,24 +34,24 @@ def test_correctly_refetches_rebels(snapshot):
           }
         }
       }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
 
 
 def test_correctly_fetches_id_name_empire(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       query EmpireQuery {
         empire {
           id
           name
         }
       }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
 
 
 def test_correctly_refetches_empire(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       query EmpireRefetchQuery {
         node(id: "RmFjdGlvbjoy") {
           id
@@ -60,12 +60,12 @@ def test_correctly_refetches_empire(snapshot):
           }
         }
       }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))
 
 
 def test_correctly_refetches_xwing(snapshot):
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       query XWingRefetchQuery {
         node(id: "U2hpcDox") {
           id
@@ -74,5 +74,5 @@ def test_correctly_refetches_xwing(snapshot):
           }
         }
       }
-    '''
+    """
     snapshot.assert_match(client.execute(query))

graphene/__init__.py

@@ -10,18 +10,25 @@ from .types import (
     InputField,
     Schema,
     Scalar,
-    String, ID, Int, Float, Boolean,
-    Date, DateTime, Time,
+    String,
+    ID,
+    Int,
+    Float,
+    Boolean,
+    Date,
+    DateTime,
+    Time,
     Decimal,
     JSONString,
     UUID,
-    List, NonNull,
+    List,
+    NonNull,
     Enum,
     Argument,
     Dynamic,
     Union,
     Context,
-    ResolveInfo
+    ResolveInfo,
 )
 from .relay import (
     Node,
@@ -30,54 +37,53 @@ from .relay import (
     ClientIDMutation,
     Connection,
     ConnectionField,
-    PageInfo
+    PageInfo,
 )
 from .utils.resolve_only_args import resolve_only_args
 from .utils.module_loading import lazy_import
 
 
-VERSION = (2, 1, 0, 'final', 0)
+VERSION = (2, 1, 2, "final", 0)
 
 __version__ = get_version(VERSION)
 
 __all__ = [
-    '__version__',
-    'ObjectType',
-    'InputObjectType',
-    'Interface',
-    'Mutation',
-    'Field',
-    'InputField',
-    'Schema',
-    'Scalar',
-    'String',
-    'ID',
-    'Int',
-    'Float',
-    'Enum',
-    'Boolean',
-    'Date',
-    'DateTime',
-    'Time',
-    'JSONString',
-    'UUID',
-    'List',
-    'NonNull',
-    'Argument',
-    'Dynamic',
-    'Union',
-    'resolve_only_args',
-    'Node',
-    'is_node',
-    'GlobalID',
-    'ClientIDMutation',
-    'Connection',
-    'ConnectionField',
-    'PageInfo',
-    'lazy_import',
-    'Context',
-    'ResolveInfo',
-
+    "__version__",
+    "ObjectType",
+    "InputObjectType",
+    "Interface",
+    "Mutation",
+    "Field",
+    "InputField",
+    "Schema",
+    "Scalar",
+    "String",
+    "ID",
+    "Int",
+    "Float",
+    "Enum",
+    "Boolean",
+    "Date",
+    "DateTime",
+    "Time",
+    "JSONString",
+    "UUID",
+    "List",
+    "NonNull",
+    "Argument",
+    "Dynamic",
+    "Union",
+    "resolve_only_args",
+    "Node",
+    "is_node",
+    "GlobalID",
+    "ClientIDMutation",
+    "Connection",
+    "ConnectionField",
+    "PageInfo",
+    "lazy_import",
+    "Context",
+    "ResolveInfo",
     # Deprecated
-    'AbstractType',
+    "AbstractType",
 ]

graphene/pyutils/compat.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 import six
 
 try:
@@ -12,8 +13,12 @@ except ImportError:
     from .signature import signature
 
 if six.PY2:
+
     def func_name(func):
         return func.func_name
+
+
 else:
+
     def func_name(func):
         return func.__name__

graphene/pyutils/enum.py

@@ -2,21 +2,23 @@
 
 import sys as _sys
 
-__all__ = ['Enum', 'IntEnum', 'unique']
+__all__ = ["Enum", "IntEnum", "unique"]
 
 version = 1, 1, 6
 
-pyver = float('%s.%s' % _sys.version_info[:2])
+pyver = float("%s.%s" % _sys.version_info[:2])
 
 try:
     any
 except NameError:
+
     def any(iterable):
         for element in iterable:
             if element:
                 return True
         return False
 
+
 try:
     from collections import OrderedDict
 except ImportError:
@@ -64,34 +66,38 @@ class _RouteClassAttributeToGetattr(object):
 def _is_descriptor(obj):
     """Returns True if obj is a descriptor, False otherwise."""
     return (
-        hasattr(obj, '__get__') or
-        hasattr(obj, '__set__') or
-        hasattr(obj, '__delete__'))
+        hasattr(obj, "__get__") or hasattr(obj, "__set__") or hasattr(obj, "__delete__")
+    )
 
 
 def _is_dunder(name):
     """Returns True if a __dunder__ name, False otherwise."""
-    return (len(name) > 4 and
-            name[:2] == name[-2:] == '__' and
-            name[2:3] != '_' and
-            name[-3:-2] != '_')
+    return (
+        len(name) > 4
+        and name[:2] == name[-2:] == "__"
+        and name[2:3] != "_"
+        and name[-3:-2] != "_"
+    )
 
 
 def _is_sunder(name):
     """Returns True if a _sunder_ name, False otherwise."""
-    return (len(name) > 2 and
-            name[0] == name[-1] == '_' and
-            name[1:2] != '_' and
-            name[-2:-1] != '_')
+    return (
+        len(name) > 2
+        and name[0] == name[-1] == "_"
+        and name[1:2] != "_"
+        and name[-2:-1] != "_"
+    )
 
 
 def _make_class_unpicklable(cls):
     """Make the given class un-picklable."""
 
     def _break_on_call_reduce(self, protocol=None):
-        raise TypeError('%r cannot be pickled' % self)
+        raise TypeError("%r cannot be pickled" % self)
+
     cls.__reduce_ex__ = _break_on_call_reduce
-    cls.__module__ = '<unknown>'
+    cls.__module__ = "<unknown>"
 
 
 class _EnumDict(OrderedDict):
@@ -122,22 +128,22 @@ class _EnumDict(OrderedDict):
                 leftover from 2.x
 
         """
-        if pyver >= 3.0 and key in ('_order_', '__order__'):
+        if pyver >= 3.0 and key in ("_order_", "__order__"):
             return
-        elif key == '__order__':
-            key = '_order_'
+        elif key == "__order__":
+            key = "_order_"
         if _is_sunder(key):
-            if key != '_order_':
-                raise ValueError('_names_ are reserved for future Enum use')
+            if key != "_order_":
+                raise ValueError("_names_ are reserved for future Enum use")
         elif _is_dunder(key):
             pass
         elif key in self._member_names:
             # descriptor overwriting an enum?
-            raise TypeError('Attempted to reuse key: %r' % key)
+            raise TypeError("Attempted to reuse key: %r" % key)
         elif not _is_descriptor(value):
             if key in self:
                 # enum overwriting a descriptor?
-                raise TypeError('Key already defined as: %r' % self[key])
+                raise TypeError("Key already defined as: %r" % self[key])
             self._member_names.append(key)
         super(_EnumDict, self).__setitem__(key, value)
 
@@ -150,6 +156,7 @@ Enum = None
 
 class EnumMeta(type):
     """Metaclass for Enum"""
+
     @classmethod
     def __prepare__(metacls, cls, bases):
         return _EnumDict()
@@ -166,47 +173,54 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
                 classdict[k] = v
 
         member_type, first_enum = metacls._get_mixins_(bases)
-        __new__, save_new, use_args = metacls._find_new_(classdict, member_type,
-                                                         first_enum)
+        __new__, save_new, use_args = metacls._find_new_(
+            classdict, member_type, first_enum
+        )
         # save enum items into separate mapping so they don't get baked into
         # the new class
-        members = dict((k, classdict[k]) for k in classdict._member_names)
+        members = {k: classdict[k] for k in classdict._member_names}
         for name in classdict._member_names:
             del classdict[name]
 
         # py2 support for definition order
-        _order_ = classdict.get('_order_')
+        _order_ = classdict.get("_order_")
         if _order_ is None:
             if pyver < 3.0:
                 try:
-                    _order_ = [name for (name, value) in sorted(members.items(), key=lambda item: item[1])]
+                    _order_ = [
+                        name
+                        for (name, value) in sorted(
+                            members.items(), key=lambda item: item[1]
+                        )
+                    ]
                 except TypeError:
                     _order_ = [name for name in sorted(members.keys())]
             else:
                 _order_ = classdict._member_names
         else:
-            del classdict['_order_']
+            del classdict["_order_"]
             if pyver < 3.0:
-                _order_ = _order_.replace(',', ' ').split()
+                _order_ = _order_.replace(",", " ").split()
                 aliases = [name for name in members if name not in _order_]
                 _order_ += aliases
 
         # check for illegal enum names (any others?)
-        invalid_names = set(members) & set(['mro'])
+        invalid_names = set(members) & {"mro"}
         if invalid_names:
-            raise ValueError('Invalid enum member name(s): %s' % (
-                ', '.join(invalid_names), ))
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Invalid enum member name(s): {}".format(", ".join(invalid_names))
+            )
 
         # save attributes from super classes so we know if we can take
         # the shortcut of storing members in the class dict
-        base_attributes = set([a for b in bases for a in b.__dict__])
+        base_attributes = {a for b in bases for a in b.__dict__}
         # create our new Enum type
         enum_class = super(EnumMeta, metacls).__new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict)
-        enum_class._member_names_ = []               # names in random order
+        enum_class._member_names_ = []  # names in random order
         if OrderedDict is not None:
             enum_class._member_map_ = OrderedDict()
         else:
-            enum_class._member_map_ = {}             # name->value map
+            enum_class._member_map_ = {}  # name->value map
         enum_class._member_type_ = member_type
 
         # Reverse value->name map for hashable values.
@@ -221,18 +235,18 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
         for member_name in _order_:
             value = members[member_name]
             if not isinstance(value, tuple):
-                args = (value, )
+                args = (value,)
             else:
                 args = value
-            if member_type is tuple:   # special case for tuple enums
-                args = (args, )     # wrap it one more time
+            if member_type is tuple:  # special case for tuple enums
+                args = (args,)  # wrap it one more time
             if not use_args or not args:
                 enum_member = __new__(enum_class)
-                if not hasattr(enum_member, '_value_'):
+                if not hasattr(enum_member, "_value_"):
                     enum_member._value_ = value
             else:
                 enum_member = __new__(enum_class, *args)
-                if not hasattr(enum_member, '_value_'):
+                if not hasattr(enum_member, "_value_"):
                     enum_member._value_ = member_type(*args)
             value = enum_member._value_
             enum_member._name_ = member_name
@@ -272,22 +286,26 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
         # __reduce_ex__ instead of any of the others as it is preferred by
         # pickle over __reduce__, and it handles all pickle protocols.
         unpicklable = False
-        if '__reduce_ex__' not in classdict:
+        if "__reduce_ex__" not in classdict:
             if member_type is not object:
-                methods = ('__getnewargs_ex__', '__getnewargs__',
-                           '__reduce_ex__', '__reduce__')
+                methods = (
+                    "__getnewargs_ex__",
+                    "__getnewargs__",
+                    "__reduce_ex__",
+                    "__reduce__",
+                )
                 if not any(m in member_type.__dict__ for m in methods):
                     _make_class_unpicklable(enum_class)
                     unpicklable = True
 
         # double check that repr and friends are not the mixin's or various
         # things break (such as pickle)
-        for name in ('__repr__', '__str__', '__format__', '__reduce_ex__'):
+        for name in ("__repr__", "__str__", "__format__", "__reduce_ex__"):
             class_method = getattr(enum_class, name)
             getattr(member_type, name, None)
             enum_method = getattr(first_enum, name, None)
             if name not in classdict and class_method is not enum_method:
-                if name == '__reduce_ex__' and unpicklable:
+                if name == "__reduce_ex__" and unpicklable:
                     continue
                 setattr(enum_class, name, enum_method)
 
@@ -297,19 +315,19 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
         if pyver < 2.6:
 
             if issubclass(enum_class, int):
-                setattr(enum_class, '__cmp__', getattr(int, '__cmp__'))
+                setattr(enum_class, "__cmp__", getattr(int, "__cmp__"))
 
         elif pyver < 3.0:
 
             if issubclass(enum_class, int):
                 for method in (
-                        '__le__',
-                        '__lt__',
-                        '__gt__',
-                        '__ge__',
-                        '__eq__',
-                        '__ne__',
-                        '__hash__',
+                    "__le__",
+                    "__lt__",
+                    "__gt__",
+                    "__ge__",
+                    "__eq__",
+                    "__ne__",
+                    "__hash__",
                 ):
                     setattr(enum_class, method, getattr(int, method))
 
@@ -319,8 +337,8 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
             # if the user defined their own __new__, save it before it gets
             # clobbered in case they subclass later
             if save_new:
-                setattr(enum_class, '__member_new__', enum_class.__dict__['__new__'])
-            setattr(enum_class, '__new__', Enum.__dict__['__new__'])
+                setattr(enum_class, "__member_new__", enum_class.__dict__["__new__"])
+            setattr(enum_class, "__new__", Enum.__dict__["__new__"])
         return enum_class
 
     def __bool__(cls):
@@ -357,13 +375,16 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
         # nicer error message when someone tries to delete an attribute
         # (see issue19025).
         if attr in cls._member_map_:
-            raise AttributeError(
-                "%s: cannot delete Enum member." % cls.__name__)
+            raise AttributeError("%s: cannot delete Enum member." % cls.__name__)
         super(EnumMeta, cls).__delattr__(attr)
 
     def __dir__(self):
-        return (['__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__'] +
-                self._member_names_)
+        return [
+            "__class__",
+            "__doc__",
+            "__members__",
+            "__module__",
+        ] + self._member_names_
 
     @property
     def __members__(cls):
@@ -416,9 +437,9 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
         resulting in an inconsistent Enumeration.
 
         """
-        member_map = cls.__dict__.get('_member_map_', {})
+        member_map = cls.__dict__.get("_member_map_", {})
         if name in member_map:
-            raise AttributeError('Cannot reassign members.')
+            raise AttributeError("Cannot reassign members.")
         super(EnumMeta, cls).__setattr__(name, value)
 
     def _create_(cls, class_name, names=None, module=None, type=None, start=1):
@@ -437,12 +458,12 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
             # if class_name is unicode, attempt a conversion to ASCII
             if isinstance(class_name, unicode):
                 try:
-                    class_name = class_name.encode('ascii')
+                    class_name = class_name.encode("ascii")
                 except UnicodeEncodeError:
-                    raise TypeError('%r is not representable in ASCII' % class_name)
+                    raise TypeError("%r is not representable in ASCII" % class_name)
         metacls = cls.__class__
         if type is None:
-            bases = (cls, )
+            bases = (cls,)
         else:
             bases = (type, cls)
         classdict = metacls.__prepare__(class_name, bases)
@@ -450,7 +471,7 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
 
         # special processing needed for names?
         if isinstance(names, basestring):
-            names = names.replace(',', ' ').split()
+            names = names.replace(",", " ").split()
         if isinstance(names, (tuple, list)) and isinstance(names[0], basestring):
             names = [(e, i + start) for (i, e) in enumerate(names)]
 
@@ -465,14 +486,14 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
             _order_.append(member_name)
         # only set _order_ in classdict if name/value was not from a mapping
         if not isinstance(item, basestring):
-            classdict['_order_'] = ' '.join(_order_)
+            classdict["_order_"] = " ".join(_order_)
         enum_class = metacls.__new__(metacls, class_name, bases, classdict)
 
         # TODO: replace the frame hack if a blessed way to know the calling
         # module is ever developed
         if module is None:
             try:
-                module = _sys._getframe(2).f_globals['__name__']
+                module = _sys._getframe(2).f_globals["__name__"]
             except (AttributeError, ValueError):
                 pass
         if module is None:
@@ -498,19 +519,19 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
         # type has been mixed in so we can use the correct __new__
         member_type = first_enum = None
         for base in bases:
-            if (base is not Enum and
-                    issubclass(base, Enum) and
-                    base._member_names_):
+            if base is not Enum and issubclass(base, Enum) and base._member_names_:
                 raise TypeError("Cannot extend enumerations")
         # base is now the last base in bases
         if not issubclass(base, Enum):
-            raise TypeError("new enumerations must be created as "
-                            "`ClassName([mixin_type,] enum_type)`")
+            raise TypeError(
+                "new enumerations must be created as "
+                "`ClassName([mixin_type,] enum_type)`"
+            )
 
         # get correct mix-in type (either mix-in type of Enum subclass, or
         # first base if last base is Enum)
         if not issubclass(bases[0], Enum):
-            member_type = bases[0]     # first data type
+            member_type = bases[0]  # first data type
             first_enum = bases[-1]  # enum type
         else:
             for base in bases[0].__mro__:
@@ -528,6 +549,7 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
         return member_type, first_enum
 
     if pyver < 3.0:
+
         @staticmethod
         def _find_new_(classdict, member_type, first_enum):
             """Returns the __new__ to be used for creating the enum members.
@@ -540,32 +562,27 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
             # now find the correct __new__, checking to see of one was defined
             # by the user; also check earlier enum classes in case a __new__ was
             # saved as __member_new__
-            __new__ = classdict.get('__new__', None)
+            __new__ = classdict.get("__new__", None)
             if __new__:
-                return None, True, True      # __new__, save_new, use_args
+                return None, True, True  # __new__, save_new, use_args
 
-            N__new__ = getattr(None, '__new__')
-            O__new__ = getattr(object, '__new__')
+            N__new__ = getattr(None, "__new__")
+            O__new__ = getattr(object, "__new__")
             if Enum is None:
                 E__new__ = N__new__
             else:
-                E__new__ = Enum.__dict__['__new__']
+                E__new__ = Enum.__dict__["__new__"]
             # check all possibles for __member_new__ before falling back to
             # __new__
-            for method in ('__member_new__', '__new__'):
+            for method in ("__member_new__", "__new__"):
                 for possible in (member_type, first_enum):
                     try:
                         target = possible.__dict__[method]
                     except (AttributeError, KeyError):
                         target = getattr(possible, method, None)
-                    if target not in [
-                            None,
-                            N__new__,
-                            O__new__,
-                            E__new__,
-                    ]:
-                        if method == '__member_new__':
-                            classdict['__new__'] = target
+                    if target not in [None, N__new__, O__new__, E__new__]:
+                        if method == "__member_new__":
+                            classdict["__new__"] = target
                             return None, False, True
                         if isinstance(target, staticmethod):
                             target = target.__get__(member_type)
@@ -585,7 +602,9 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
                 use_args = True
 
             return __new__, False, use_args
+
     else:
+
         @staticmethod
         def _find_new_(classdict, member_type, first_enum):
             """Returns the __new__ to be used for creating the enum members.
@@ -598,7 +617,7 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
             # now find the correct __new__, checking to see of one was defined
             # by the user; also check earlier enum classes in case a __new__ was
             # saved as __member_new__
-            __new__ = classdict.get('__new__', None)
+            __new__ = classdict.get("__new__", None)
 
             # should __new__ be saved as __member_new__ later?
             save_new = __new__ is not None
@@ -606,14 +625,14 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
             if __new__ is None:
                 # check all possibles for __member_new__ before falling back to
                 # __new__
-                for method in ('__member_new__', '__new__'):
+                for method in ("__member_new__", "__new__"):
                     for possible in (member_type, first_enum):
                         target = getattr(possible, method, None)
                         if target not in (
-                                None,
-                                None.__new__,
-                                object.__new__,
-                                Enum.__new__,
+                            None,
+                            None.__new__,
+                            object.__new__,
+                            Enum.__new__,
                         ):
                             __new__ = target
                             break
@@ -640,7 +659,9 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
 # create the class.
 ########################################################
 temp_enum_dict = {}
-temp_enum_dict['__doc__'] = "Generic enumeration.\n\n    Derive from this class to define new enumerations.\n\n"
+temp_enum_dict[
+    "__doc__"
+] = "Generic enumeration.\n\n    Derive from this class to define new enumerations.\n\n"
 
 
 def __new__(cls, value):
@@ -661,33 +682,40 @@ def __new__(cls, value):
         for member in cls._member_map_.values():
             if member.value == value:
                 return member
-    raise ValueError("%s is not a valid %s" % (value, cls.__name__))
-temp_enum_dict['__new__'] = __new__
+    raise ValueError("{} is not a valid {}".format(value, cls.__name__))
+
+
+temp_enum_dict["__new__"] = __new__
 del __new__
 
 
 def __repr__(self):
-    return "<%s.%s: %r>" % (
-        self.__class__.__name__, self._name_, self._value_)
-temp_enum_dict['__repr__'] = __repr__
+    return "<{}.{}: {!r}>".format(self.__class__.__name__, self._name_, self._value_)
+
+
+temp_enum_dict["__repr__"] = __repr__
 del __repr__
 
 
 def __str__(self):
-    return "%s.%s" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._name_)
-temp_enum_dict['__str__'] = __str__
+    return "{}.{}".format(self.__class__.__name__, self._name_)
+
+
+temp_enum_dict["__str__"] = __str__
 del __str__
 
 if pyver >= 3.0:
+
     def __dir__(self):
         added_behavior = [
             m
             for cls in self.__class__.mro()
             for m in cls.__dict__
-            if m[0] != '_' and m not in self._member_map_
+            if m[0] != "_" and m not in self._member_map_
         ]
-        return (['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', ] + added_behavior)
-    temp_enum_dict['__dir__'] = __dir__
+        return ["__class__", "__doc__", "__module__"] + added_behavior
+
+    temp_enum_dict["__dir__"] = __dir__
     del __dir__
 
 
@@ -705,7 +733,9 @@ def __format__(self, format_spec):
         cls = self._member_type_
         val = self.value
     return cls.__format__(val, format_spec)
-temp_enum_dict['__format__'] = __format__
+
+
+temp_enum_dict["__format__"] = __format__
 del __format__
 
 
@@ -720,30 +750,50 @@ if pyver < 2.6:
                 return 0
             return -1
         return NotImplemented
-        raise TypeError("unorderable types: %s() and %s()" % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__))
-    temp_enum_dict['__cmp__'] = __cmp__
+        raise TypeError(
+            "unorderable types: %s() and %s()"
+            % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__)
+        )
+
+    temp_enum_dict["__cmp__"] = __cmp__
     del __cmp__
 
 else:
 
     def __le__(self, other):
-        raise TypeError("unorderable types: %s() <= %s()" % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__))
-    temp_enum_dict['__le__'] = __le__
+        raise TypeError(
+            "unorderable types: %s() <= %s()"
+            % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__)
+        )
+
+    temp_enum_dict["__le__"] = __le__
     del __le__
 
     def __lt__(self, other):
-        raise TypeError("unorderable types: %s() < %s()" % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__))
-    temp_enum_dict['__lt__'] = __lt__
+        raise TypeError(
+            "unorderable types: %s() < %s()"
+            % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__)
+        )
+
+    temp_enum_dict["__lt__"] = __lt__
     del __lt__
 
     def __ge__(self, other):
-        raise TypeError("unorderable types: %s() >= %s()" % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__))
-    temp_enum_dict['__ge__'] = __ge__
+        raise TypeError(
+            "unorderable types: %s() >= %s()"
+            % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__)
+        )
+
+    temp_enum_dict["__ge__"] = __ge__
     del __ge__
 
     def __gt__(self, other):
-        raise TypeError("unorderable types: %s() > %s()" % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__))
-    temp_enum_dict['__gt__'] = __gt__
+        raise TypeError(
+            "unorderable types: %s() > %s()"
+            % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__)
+        )
+
+    temp_enum_dict["__gt__"] = __gt__
     del __gt__
 
 
@@ -751,7 +801,9 @@ def __eq__(self, other):
     if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
         return self is other
     return NotImplemented
-temp_enum_dict['__eq__'] = __eq__
+
+
+temp_enum_dict["__eq__"] = __eq__
 del __eq__
 
 
@@ -759,19 +811,25 @@ def __ne__(self, other):
     if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
         return self is not other
     return NotImplemented
-temp_enum_dict['__ne__'] = __ne__
+
+
+temp_enum_dict["__ne__"] = __ne__
 del __ne__
 
 
 def __hash__(self):
     return hash(self._name_)
-temp_enum_dict['__hash__'] = __hash__
+
+
+temp_enum_dict["__hash__"] = __hash__
 del __hash__
 
 
 def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
-    return self.__class__, (self._value_, )
-temp_enum_dict['__reduce_ex__'] = __reduce_ex__
+    return self.__class__, (self._value_,)
+
+
+temp_enum_dict["__reduce_ex__"] = __reduce_ex__
 del __reduce_ex__
 
 # _RouteClassAttributeToGetattr is used to provide access to the `name`
@@ -785,14 +843,18 @@ del __reduce_ex__
 @_RouteClassAttributeToGetattr
 def name(self):
     return self._name_
-temp_enum_dict['name'] = name
+
+
+temp_enum_dict["name"] = name
 del name
 
 
 @_RouteClassAttributeToGetattr
 def value(self):
     return self._value_
-temp_enum_dict['value'] = value
+
+
+temp_enum_dict["value"] = value
 del value
 
 
@@ -811,16 +873,18 @@ def _convert(cls, name, module, filter, source=None):
         source = vars(source)
     else:
         source = module_globals
-    members = dict((name, value) for name, value in source.items() if filter(name))
+    members = {name: value for name, value in source.items() if filter(name)}
     cls = cls(name, members, module=module)
     cls.__reduce_ex__ = _reduce_ex_by_name
     module_globals.update(cls.__members__)
     module_globals[name] = cls
     return cls
-temp_enum_dict['_convert'] = _convert
+
+
+temp_enum_dict["_convert"] = _convert
 del _convert
 
-Enum = EnumMeta('Enum', (object, ), temp_enum_dict)
+Enum = EnumMeta("Enum", (object,), temp_enum_dict)
 del temp_enum_dict
 
 # Enum has now been created
@@ -842,10 +906,10 @@ def unique(enumeration):
         if name != member.name:
             duplicates.append((name, member.name))
     if duplicates:
-        duplicate_names = ', '.join(
-            ["%s -> %s" % (alias, name) for (alias, name) in duplicates]
+        duplicate_names = ", ".join(
+            ["{} -> {}".format(alias, name) for (alias, name) in duplicates]
+        )
+        raise ValueError(
+            "duplicate names found in {!r}: {}".format(enumeration, duplicate_names)
         )
-        raise ValueError('duplicate names found in %r: %s' %
-                         (enumeration, duplicate_names)
-                         )
     return enumeration

graphene/pyutils/init_subclass.py

@@ -1,19 +1,23 @@
-is_init_subclass_available = hasattr(object, '__init_subclass__')
+is_init_subclass_available = hasattr(object, "__init_subclass__")
 
 if not is_init_subclass_available:
+
     class InitSubclassMeta(type):
         """Metaclass that implements PEP 487 protocol"""
+
         def __new__(cls, name, bases, ns, **kwargs):
-            __init_subclass__ = ns.pop('__init_subclass__', None)
+            __init_subclass__ = ns.pop("__init_subclass__", None)
             if __init_subclass__:
                 __init_subclass__ = classmethod(__init_subclass__)
-                ns['__init_subclass__'] = __init_subclass__
+                ns["__init_subclass__"] = __init_subclass__
             return super(InitSubclassMeta, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, ns, **kwargs)
 
         def __init__(cls, name, bases, ns, **kwargs):
             super(InitSubclassMeta, cls).__init__(name, bases, ns)
             super_class = super(cls, cls)
-            if hasattr(super_class, '__init_subclass__'):
+            if hasattr(super_class, "__init_subclass__"):
                 super_class.__init_subclass__.__func__(cls, **kwargs)
+
+
 else:
     InitSubclassMeta = type  # type: ignore

graphene/pyutils/signature.py

@@ -4,31 +4,33 @@ Back port of Python 3.3's function signature tools from the inspect module,
 modified to be compatible with Python 2.7 and 3.2+.
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
-import itertools
+
 import functools
+import itertools
 import re
 import types
-
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
 __version__ = "0.4"
 
-__all__ = ['BoundArguments', 'Parameter', 'Signature', 'signature']
+__all__ = ["BoundArguments", "Parameter", "Signature", "signature"]
 
 
 _WrapperDescriptor = type(type.__call__)
 _MethodWrapper = type(all.__call__)
 
-_NonUserDefinedCallables = (_WrapperDescriptor,
-                            _MethodWrapper,
-                            types.BuiltinFunctionType)
+_NonUserDefinedCallables = (
+    _WrapperDescriptor,
+    _MethodWrapper,
+    types.BuiltinFunctionType,
+)
 
 
 def formatannotation(annotation, base_module=None):
     if isinstance(annotation, type):
-        if annotation.__module__ in ('builtins', '__builtin__', base_module):
+        if annotation.__module__ in ("builtins", "__builtin__", base_module):
             return annotation.__name__
-        return annotation.__module__+'.'+annotation.__name__
+        return annotation.__module__ + "." + annotation.__name__
     return repr(annotation)
 
 
@@ -49,20 +51,20 @@ def _get_user_defined_method(cls, method_name, *nested):
 
 
 def signature(obj):
-    '''Get a signature object for the passed callable.'''
+    """Get a signature object for the passed callable."""
 
     if not callable(obj):
-        raise TypeError('{0!r} is not a callable object'.format(obj))
+        raise TypeError("{!r} is not a callable object".format(obj))
 
     if isinstance(obj, types.MethodType):
         sig = signature(obj.__func__)
         if obj.__self__ is None:
             # Unbound method: the first parameter becomes positional-only
             if sig.parameters:
-                first = sig.parameters.values()[0].replace(
-                    kind=_POSITIONAL_ONLY)
+                first = sig.parameters.values()[0].replace(kind=_POSITIONAL_ONLY)
                 return sig.replace(
-                    parameters=(first,) + tuple(sig.parameters.values())[1:])
+                    parameters=(first,) + tuple(sig.parameters.values())[1:]
+                )
             else:
                 return sig
         else:
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@ def signature(obj):
         try:
             ba = sig.bind_partial(*partial_args, **partial_keywords)
         except TypeError as ex:
-            msg = 'partial object {0!r} has incorrect arguments'.format(obj)
+            msg = "partial object {!r} has incorrect arguments".format(obj)
             raise ValueError(msg)
 
         for arg_name, arg_value in ba.arguments.items():
@@ -122,11 +124,14 @@ def signature(obj):
                 # flag.  Later, in '_bind', the 'default' value of this
                 # parameter will be added to 'kwargs', to simulate
                 # the 'functools.partial' real call.
-                new_params[arg_name] = param.replace(default=arg_value,
-                                                     _partial_kwarg=True)
+                new_params[arg_name] = param.replace(
+                    default=arg_value, _partial_kwarg=True
+                )
 
-            elif (param.kind not in (_VAR_KEYWORD, _VAR_POSITIONAL) and
-                            not param._partial_kwarg):
+            elif (
+                param.kind not in (_VAR_KEYWORD, _VAR_POSITIONAL)
+                and not param._partial_kwarg
+            ):
                 new_params.pop(arg_name)
 
         return sig.replace(parameters=new_params.values())
@@ -137,17 +142,17 @@ def signature(obj):
 
         # First, let's see if it has an overloaded __call__ defined
         # in its metaclass
-        call = _get_user_defined_method(type(obj), '__call__')
+        call = _get_user_defined_method(type(obj), "__call__")
         if call is not None:
             sig = signature(call)
         else:
             # Now we check if the 'obj' class has a '__new__' method
-            new = _get_user_defined_method(obj, '__new__')
+            new = _get_user_defined_method(obj, "__new__")
             if new is not None:
                 sig = signature(new)
             else:
                 # Finally, we should have at least __init__ implemented
-                init = _get_user_defined_method(obj, '__init__')
+                init = _get_user_defined_method(obj, "__init__")
                 if init is not None:
                     sig = signature(init)
     elif not isinstance(obj, _NonUserDefinedCallables):
@@ -155,7 +160,7 @@ def signature(obj):
         # We also check that the 'obj' is not an instance of
         # _WrapperDescriptor or _MethodWrapper to avoid
         # infinite recursion (and even potential segfault)
-        call = _get_user_defined_method(type(obj), '__call__', 'im_func')
+        call = _get_user_defined_method(type(obj), "__call__", "im_func")
         if call is not None:
             sig = signature(call)
 
@@ -166,14 +171,14 @@ def signature(obj):
 
     if isinstance(obj, types.BuiltinFunctionType):
         # Raise a nicer error message for builtins
-        msg = 'no signature found for builtin function {0!r}'.format(obj)
+        msg = "no signature found for builtin function {!r}".format(obj)
         raise ValueError(msg)
 
-    raise ValueError('callable {0!r} is not supported by signature'.format(obj))
+    raise ValueError("callable {!r} is not supported by signature".format(obj))
 
 
 class _void(object):
-    '''A private marker - used in Parameter & Signature'''
+    """A private marker - used in Parameter & Signature"""
 
 
 class _empty(object):
@@ -183,25 +188,25 @@ class _empty(object):
 class _ParameterKind(int):
     def __new__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         obj = int.__new__(self, *args)
-        obj._name = kwargs['name']
+        obj._name = kwargs["name"]
         return obj
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self._name
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return '<_ParameterKind: {0!r}>'.format(self._name)
+        return "<_ParameterKind: {!r}>".format(self._name)
 
 
-_POSITIONAL_ONLY        = _ParameterKind(0, name='POSITIONAL_ONLY')
-_POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD  = _ParameterKind(1, name='POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD')
-_VAR_POSITIONAL         = _ParameterKind(2, name='VAR_POSITIONAL')
-_KEYWORD_ONLY           = _ParameterKind(3, name='KEYWORD_ONLY')
-_VAR_KEYWORD            = _ParameterKind(4, name='VAR_KEYWORD')
+_POSITIONAL_ONLY = _ParameterKind(0, name="POSITIONAL_ONLY")
+_POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD = _ParameterKind(1, name="POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD")
+_VAR_POSITIONAL = _ParameterKind(2, name="VAR_POSITIONAL")
+_KEYWORD_ONLY = _ParameterKind(3, name="KEYWORD_ONLY")
+_VAR_KEYWORD = _ParameterKind(4, name="VAR_KEYWORD")
 
 
 class Parameter(object):
-    '''Represents a parameter in a function signature.
+    """Represents a parameter in a function signature.
     Has the following public attributes:
     * name : str
         The name of the parameter as a string.
@@ -216,42 +221,49 @@ class Parameter(object):
         Possible values: `Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY`,
         `Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD`, `Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL`,
         `Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY`, `Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD`.
-    '''
+    """
 
-    __slots__ = ('_name', '_kind', '_default', '_annotation', '_partial_kwarg')
+    __slots__ = ("_name", "_kind", "_default", "_annotation", "_partial_kwarg")
 
-    POSITIONAL_ONLY         = _POSITIONAL_ONLY
-    POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD   = _POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
-    VAR_POSITIONAL          = _VAR_POSITIONAL
-    KEYWORD_ONLY            = _KEYWORD_ONLY
-    VAR_KEYWORD             = _VAR_KEYWORD
+    POSITIONAL_ONLY = _POSITIONAL_ONLY
+    POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD = _POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+    VAR_POSITIONAL = _VAR_POSITIONAL
+    KEYWORD_ONLY = _KEYWORD_ONLY
+    VAR_KEYWORD = _VAR_KEYWORD
 
     empty = _empty
 
-    def __init__(self, name, kind, default=_empty, annotation=_empty,
-                 _partial_kwarg=False):
+    def __init__(
+        self, name, kind, default=_empty, annotation=_empty, _partial_kwarg=False
+    ):
 
-        if kind not in (_POSITIONAL_ONLY, _POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD,
-                        _VAR_POSITIONAL, _KEYWORD_ONLY, _VAR_KEYWORD):
+        if kind not in (
+            _POSITIONAL_ONLY,
+            _POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD,
+            _VAR_POSITIONAL,
+            _KEYWORD_ONLY,
+            _VAR_KEYWORD,
+        ):
             raise ValueError("invalid value for 'Parameter.kind' attribute")
         self._kind = kind
 
         if default is not _empty:
             if kind in (_VAR_POSITIONAL, _VAR_KEYWORD):
-                msg = '{0} parameters cannot have default values'.format(kind)
+                msg = "{} parameters cannot have default values".format(kind)
                 raise ValueError(msg)
         self._default = default
         self._annotation = annotation
 
         if name is None:
             if kind != _POSITIONAL_ONLY:
-                raise ValueError("None is not a valid name for a "
-                                 "non-positional-only parameter")
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "None is not a valid name for a " "non-positional-only parameter"
+                )
             self._name = name
         else:
             name = str(name)
-            if kind != _POSITIONAL_ONLY and not re.match(r'[a-z_]\w*$', name, re.I):
-                msg = '{0!r} is not a valid parameter name'.format(name)
+            if kind != _POSITIONAL_ONLY and not re.match(r"[a-z_]\w*$", name, re.I):
+                msg = "{!r} is not a valid parameter name".format(name)
                 raise ValueError(msg)
             self._name = name
 
@@ -273,9 +285,15 @@ class Parameter(object):
     def kind(self):
         return self._kind
 
-    def replace(self, name=_void, kind=_void, annotation=_void,
-                default=_void, _partial_kwarg=_void):
-        '''Creates a customized copy of the Parameter.'''
+    def replace(
+        self,
+        name=_void,
+        kind=_void,
+        annotation=_void,
+        default=_void,
+        _partial_kwarg=_void,
+    ):
+        """Creates a customized copy of the Parameter."""
 
         if name is _void:
             name = self._name
@@ -292,8 +310,13 @@ class Parameter(object):
         if _partial_kwarg is _void:
             _partial_kwarg = self._partial_kwarg
 
-        return type(self)(name, kind, default=default, annotation=annotation,
-                          _partial_kwarg=_partial_kwarg)
+        return type(self)(
+            name,
+            kind,
+            default=default,
+            annotation=annotation,
+            _partial_kwarg=_partial_kwarg,
+        )
 
     def __str__(self):
         kind = self.kind
@@ -301,45 +324,45 @@ class Parameter(object):
         formatted = self._name
         if kind == _POSITIONAL_ONLY:
             if formatted is None:
-                formatted = ''
-            formatted = '<{0}>'.format(formatted)
+                formatted = ""
+            formatted = "<{}>".format(formatted)
 
         # Add annotation and default value
         if self._annotation is not _empty:
-            formatted = '{0}:{1}'.format(formatted,
-                                       formatannotation(self._annotation))
+            formatted = "{}:{}".format(formatted, formatannotation(self._annotation))
 
         if self._default is not _empty:
-            formatted = '{0}={1}'.format(formatted, repr(self._default))
+            formatted = "{}={}".format(formatted, repr(self._default))
 
         if kind == _VAR_POSITIONAL:
-            formatted = '*' + formatted
+            formatted = "*" + formatted
         elif kind == _VAR_KEYWORD:
-            formatted = '**' + formatted
+            formatted = "**" + formatted
 
         return formatted
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return '<{0} at {1:#x} {2!r}>'.format(self.__class__.__name__,
-                                           id(self), self.name)
+        return "<{} at {:#x} {!r}>".format(self.__class__.__name__, id(self), self.name)
 
     def __hash__(self):
-        msg = "unhashable type: '{0}'".format(self.__class__.__name__)
+        msg = "unhashable type: '{}'".format(self.__class__.__name__)
         raise TypeError(msg)
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
-        return (issubclass(other.__class__, Parameter) and
-                self._name == other._name and
-                self._kind == other._kind and
-                self._default == other._default and
-                self._annotation == other._annotation)
+        return (
+            issubclass(other.__class__, Parameter)
+            and self._name == other._name
+            and self._kind == other._kind
+            and self._default == other._default
+            and self._annotation == other._annotation
+        )
 
     def __ne__(self, other):
         return not self.__eq__(other)
 
 
 class BoundArguments(object):
-    '''Result of `Signature.bind` call.  Holds the mapping of arguments
+    """Result of `Signature.bind` call.  Holds the mapping of arguments
     to the function's parameters.
     Has the following public attributes:
     * arguments : OrderedDict
@@ -351,7 +374,7 @@ class BoundArguments(object):
         Tuple of positional arguments values.
     * kwargs : dict
         Dict of keyword arguments values.
-    '''
+    """
 
     def __init__(self, signature, arguments):
         self.arguments = arguments
@@ -365,8 +388,7 @@ class BoundArguments(object):
     def args(self):
         args = []
         for param_name, param in self._signature.parameters.items():
-            if (param.kind in (_VAR_KEYWORD, _KEYWORD_ONLY) or
-                                                    param._partial_kwarg):
+            if param.kind in (_VAR_KEYWORD, _KEYWORD_ONLY) or param._partial_kwarg:
                 # Keyword arguments mapped by 'functools.partial'
                 # (Parameter._partial_kwarg is True) are mapped
                 # in 'BoundArguments.kwargs', along with VAR_KEYWORD &
@@ -395,8 +417,7 @@ class BoundArguments(object):
         kwargs_started = False
         for param_name, param in self._signature.parameters.items():
             if not kwargs_started:
-                if (param.kind in (_VAR_KEYWORD, _KEYWORD_ONLY) or
-                                                param._partial_kwarg):
+                if param.kind in (_VAR_KEYWORD, _KEYWORD_ONLY) or param._partial_kwarg:
                     kwargs_started = True
                 else:
                     if param_name not in self.arguments:
@@ -421,20 +442,22 @@ class BoundArguments(object):
         return kwargs
 
     def __hash__(self):
-        msg = "unhashable type: '{0}'".format(self.__class__.__name__)
+        msg = "unhashable type: '{}'".format(self.__class__.__name__)
         raise TypeError(msg)
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
-        return (issubclass(other.__class__, BoundArguments) and
-                self.signature == other.signature and
-                self.arguments == other.arguments)
+        return (
+            issubclass(other.__class__, BoundArguments)
+            and self.signature == other.signature
+            and self.arguments == other.arguments
+        )
 
     def __ne__(self, other):
         return not self.__eq__(other)
 
 
 class Signature(object):
-    '''A Signature object represents the overall signature of a function.
+    """A Signature object represents the overall signature of a function.
     It stores a Parameter object for each parameter accepted by the
     function, as well as information specific to the function itself.
     A Signature object has the following public attributes and methods:
@@ -452,20 +475,21 @@ class Signature(object):
     * bind_partial(*args, **kwargs) -> BoundArguments
         Creates a partial mapping from positional and keyword arguments
         to parameters (simulating 'functools.partial' behavior.)
-    '''
+    """
 
-    __slots__ = ('_return_annotation', '_parameters')
+    __slots__ = ("_return_annotation", "_parameters")
 
     _parameter_cls = Parameter
     _bound_arguments_cls = BoundArguments
 
     empty = _empty
 
-    def __init__(self, parameters=None, return_annotation=_empty,
-                 __validate_parameters__=True):
-        '''Constructs Signature from the given list of Parameter
+    def __init__(
+        self, parameters=None, return_annotation=_empty, __validate_parameters__=True
+    ):
+        """Constructs Signature from the given list of Parameter
         objects and 'return_annotation'.  All arguments are optional.
-        '''
+        """
 
         if parameters is None:
             params = OrderedDict()
@@ -477,7 +501,7 @@ class Signature(object):
                 for idx, param in enumerate(parameters):
                     kind = param.kind
                     if kind < top_kind:
-                        msg = 'wrong parameter order: {0} before {1}'
+                        msg = "wrong parameter order: {0} before {1}"
                         msg = msg.format(top_kind, param.kind)
                         raise ValueError(msg)
                     else:
@@ -489,22 +513,21 @@ class Signature(object):
                         param = param.replace(name=name)
 
                     if name in params:
-                        msg = 'duplicate parameter name: {0!r}'.format(name)
+                        msg = "duplicate parameter name: {!r}".format(name)
                         raise ValueError(msg)
                     params[name] = param
             else:
-                params = OrderedDict(((param.name, param)
-                                                for param in parameters))
+                params = OrderedDict(((param.name, param) for param in parameters))
 
         self._parameters = params
         self._return_annotation = return_annotation
 
     @classmethod
     def from_function(cls, func):
-        '''Constructs Signature for the given python function'''
+        """Constructs Signature for the given python function"""
 
         if not isinstance(func, types.FunctionType):
-            raise TypeError('{0!r} is not a Python function'.format(func))
+            raise TypeError("{!r} is not a Python function".format(func))
 
         Parameter = cls._parameter_cls
 
@@ -513,11 +536,11 @@ class Signature(object):
         pos_count = func_code.co_argcount
         arg_names = func_code.co_varnames
         positional = tuple(arg_names[:pos_count])
-        keyword_only_count = getattr(func_code, 'co_kwonlyargcount', 0)
-        keyword_only = arg_names[pos_count:(pos_count + keyword_only_count)]
-        annotations = getattr(func, '__annotations__', {})
+        keyword_only_count = getattr(func_code, "co_kwonlyargcount", 0)
+        keyword_only = arg_names[pos_count : (pos_count + keyword_only_count)]
+        annotations = getattr(func, "__annotations__", {})
         defaults = func.__defaults__
-        kwdefaults = getattr(func, '__kwdefaults__', None)
+        kwdefaults = getattr(func, "__kwdefaults__", None)
 
         if defaults:
             pos_default_count = len(defaults)
@@ -530,22 +553,29 @@ class Signature(object):
         non_default_count = pos_count - pos_default_count
         for name in positional[:non_default_count]:
             annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty)
-            parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation,
-                                        kind=_POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD))
+            parameters.append(
+                Parameter(name, annotation=annotation, kind=_POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD)
+            )
 
         # ... w/ defaults.
         for offset, name in enumerate(positional[non_default_count:]):
             annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty)
-            parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation,
-                                        kind=_POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD,
-                                        default=defaults[offset]))
+            parameters.append(
+                Parameter(
+                    name,
+                    annotation=annotation,
+                    kind=_POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD,
+                    default=defaults[offset],
+                )
+            )
 
         # *args
         if func_code.co_flags & 0x04:
             name = arg_names[pos_count + keyword_only_count]
             annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty)
-            parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation,
-                                        kind=_VAR_POSITIONAL))
+            parameters.append(
+                Parameter(name, annotation=annotation, kind=_VAR_POSITIONAL)
+            )
 
         # Keyword-only parameters.
         for name in keyword_only:
@@ -554,9 +584,11 @@ class Signature(object):
                 default = kwdefaults.get(name, _empty)
 
             annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty)
-            parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation,
-                                        kind=_KEYWORD_ONLY,
-                                        default=default))
+            parameters.append(
+                Parameter(
+                    name, annotation=annotation, kind=_KEYWORD_ONLY, default=default
+                )
+            )
         # **kwargs
         if func_code.co_flags & 0x08:
             index = pos_count + keyword_only_count
@@ -565,12 +597,13 @@ class Signature(object):
 
             name = arg_names[index]
             annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty)
-            parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation,
-                                        kind=_VAR_KEYWORD))
+            parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation, kind=_VAR_KEYWORD))
 
-        return cls(parameters,
-                   return_annotation=annotations.get('return', _empty),
-                   __validate_parameters__=False)
+        return cls(
+            parameters,
+            return_annotation=annotations.get("return", _empty),
+            __validate_parameters__=False,
+        )
 
     @property
     def parameters(self):
@@ -584,10 +617,10 @@ class Signature(object):
         return self._return_annotation
 
     def replace(self, parameters=_void, return_annotation=_void):
-        '''Creates a customized copy of the Signature.
+        """Creates a customized copy of the Signature.
         Pass 'parameters' and/or 'return_annotation' arguments
         to override them in the new copy.
-        '''
+        """
 
         if parameters is _void:
             parameters = self.parameters.values()
@@ -595,21 +628,23 @@ class Signature(object):
         if return_annotation is _void:
             return_annotation = self._return_annotation
 
-        return type(self)(parameters,
-                          return_annotation=return_annotation)
+        return type(self)(parameters, return_annotation=return_annotation)
 
     def __hash__(self):
-        msg = "unhashable type: '{0}'".format(self.__class__.__name__)
+        msg = "unhashable type: '{}'".format(self.__class__.__name__)
         raise TypeError(msg)
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
-        if (not issubclass(type(other), Signature) or
-                    self.return_annotation != other.return_annotation or
-                    len(self.parameters) != len(other.parameters)):
+        if (
+            not issubclass(type(other), Signature)
+            or self.return_annotation != other.return_annotation
+            or len(self.parameters) != len(other.parameters)
+        ):
             return False
 
-        other_positions = dict((param, idx)
-                           for idx, param in enumerate(other.parameters.keys()))
+        other_positions = {
+            param: idx for idx, param in enumerate(other.parameters.keys())
+        }
 
         for idx, (param_name, param) in enumerate(self.parameters.items()):
             if param.kind == _KEYWORD_ONLY:
@@ -626,8 +661,7 @@ class Signature(object):
                 except KeyError:
                     return False
                 else:
-                    if (idx != other_idx or
-                                    param != other.parameters[param_name]):
+                    if idx != other_idx or param != other.parameters[param_name]:
                         return False
 
         return True
@@ -636,7 +670,7 @@ class Signature(object):
         return not self.__eq__(other)
 
     def _bind(self, args, kwargs, partial=False):
-        '''Private method.  Don't use directly.'''
+        """Private method.  Don't use directly."""
 
         arguments = OrderedDict()
 
@@ -649,7 +683,7 @@ class Signature(object):
             # See 'functools.partial' case in 'signature()' implementation
             # for details.
             for param_name, param in self.parameters.items():
-                if (param._partial_kwarg and param_name not in kwargs):
+                if param._partial_kwarg and param_name not in kwargs:
                     # Simulating 'functools.partial' behavior
                     kwargs[param_name] = param.default
 
@@ -673,14 +707,12 @@ class Signature(object):
                         break
                     elif param.name in kwargs:
                         if param.kind == _POSITIONAL_ONLY:
-                            msg = '{arg!r} parameter is positional only, ' \
-                                  'but was passed as a keyword'
+                            msg = "{arg!r} parameter is positional only, " "but was passed as a keyword"
                             msg = msg.format(arg=param.name)
                             raise TypeError(msg)
                         parameters_ex = (param,)
                         break
-                    elif (param.kind == _VAR_KEYWORD or
-                                                param.default is not _empty):
+                    elif param.kind == _VAR_KEYWORD or param.default is not _empty:
                         # That's fine too - we have a default value for this
                         # parameter.  So, lets start parsing `kwargs`, starting
                         # with the current parameter
@@ -691,7 +723,7 @@ class Signature(object):
                             parameters_ex = (param,)
                             break
                         else:
-                            msg = '{arg!r} parameter lacking default value'
+                            msg = "{arg!r} parameter lacking default value"
                             msg = msg.format(arg=param.name)
                             raise TypeError(msg)
             else:
@@ -699,12 +731,12 @@ class Signature(object):
                 try:
                     param = next(parameters)
                 except StopIteration:
-                    raise TypeError('too many positional arguments')
+                    raise TypeError("too many positional arguments")
                 else:
                     if param.kind in (_VAR_KEYWORD, _KEYWORD_ONLY):
                         # Looks like we have no parameter for this positional
                         # argument
-                        raise TypeError('too many positional arguments')
+                        raise TypeError("too many positional arguments")
 
                     if param.kind == _VAR_POSITIONAL:
                         # We have an '*args'-like argument, let's fill it with
@@ -716,8 +748,10 @@ class Signature(object):
                         break
 
                     if param.name in kwargs:
-                        raise TypeError('multiple values for argument '
-                                        '{arg!r}'.format(arg=param.name))
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            "multiple values for argument "
+                            "{arg!r}".format(arg=param.name)
+                        )
 
                     arguments[param.name] = arg_val
 
@@ -729,9 +763,10 @@ class Signature(object):
                 # This should never happen in case of a properly built
                 # Signature object (but let's have this check here
                 # to ensure correct behaviour just in case)
-                raise TypeError('{arg!r} parameter is positional only, '
-                                'but was passed as a keyword'. \
-                                format(arg=param.name))
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "{arg!r} parameter is positional only, "
+                    "but was passed as a keyword".format(arg=param.name)
+                )
 
             if param.kind == _VAR_KEYWORD:
                 # Memorize that we have a '**kwargs'-like parameter
@@ -746,10 +781,14 @@ class Signature(object):
                 # if it has a default value, or it is an '*args'-like
                 # parameter, left alone by the processing of positional
                 # arguments.
-                if (not partial and param.kind != _VAR_POSITIONAL and
-                                                    param.default is _empty):
-                    raise TypeError('{arg!r} parameter lacking default value'. \
-                                    format(arg=param_name))
+                if (
+                    not partial
+                    and param.kind != _VAR_POSITIONAL
+                    and param.default is _empty
+                ):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "{arg!r} parameter lacking default value".format(arg=param_name)
+                    )
 
             else:
                 arguments[param_name] = arg_val
@@ -759,22 +798,22 @@ class Signature(object):
                 # Process our '**kwargs'-like parameter
                 arguments[kwargs_param.name] = kwargs
             else:
-                raise TypeError('too many keyword arguments')
+                raise TypeError("too many keyword arguments")
 
         return self._bound_arguments_cls(self, arguments)
 
     def bind(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        '''Get a BoundArguments object, that maps the passed `args`
+        """Get a BoundArguments object, that maps the passed `args`
         and `kwargs` to the function's signature.  Raises `TypeError`
         if the passed arguments can not be bound.
-        '''
+        """
         return self._bind(args, kwargs)
 
     def bind_partial(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        '''Get a BoundArguments object, that partially maps the
+        """Get a BoundArguments object, that partially maps the
         passed `args` and `kwargs` to the function's signature.
         Raises `TypeError` if the passed arguments can not be bound.
-        '''
+        """
         return self._bind(args, kwargs, partial=True)
 
     def __str__(self):
@@ -792,17 +831,17 @@ class Signature(object):
                 # We have a keyword-only parameter to render and we haven't
                 # rendered an '*args'-like parameter before, so add a '*'
                 # separator to the parameters list ("foo(arg1, *, arg2)" case)
-                result.append('*')
+                result.append("*")
                 # This condition should be only triggered once, so
                 # reset the flag
                 render_kw_only_separator = False
 
             result.append(formatted)
 
-        rendered = '({0})'.format(', '.join(result))
+        rendered = "({})".format(", ".join(result))
 
         if self.return_annotation is not _empty:
             anno = formatannotation(self.return_annotation)
-            rendered += ' -> {0}'.format(anno)
+            rendered += " -> {}".format(anno)
 
         return rendered

graphene/pyutils/tests/test_enum.py

@@ -2,18 +2,8 @@ from ..enum import _is_dunder, _is_sunder
 
 
 def test__is_dunder():
-    dunder_names = [
-        '__i__',
-        '__test__',
-    ]
-    non_dunder_names = [
-        'test',
-        '__test',
-        '_test',
-        '_test_',
-        'test__',
-        '',
-    ]
+    dunder_names = ["__i__", "__test__"]
+    non_dunder_names = ["test", "__test", "_test", "_test_", "test__", ""]
 
     for name in dunder_names:
         assert _is_dunder(name) is True
@@ -23,17 +13,9 @@ def test__is_dunder():
 
 
 def test__is_sunder():
-    sunder_names = [
-        '_i_',
-        '_test_',
-    ]
+    sunder_names = ["_i_", "_test_"]
 
-    non_sunder_names = [
-        '__i__',
-        '_i__',
-        '__i_',
-        '',
-    ]
+    non_sunder_names = ["__i__", "_i__", "__i_", ""]
 
     for name in sunder_names:
         assert _is_sunder(name) is True

graphene/pyutils/version.py

@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@ def get_version(version=None):
 
     main = get_main_version(version)
 
-    sub = ''
-    if version[3] == 'alpha' and version[4] == 0:
+    sub = ""
+    if version[3] == "alpha" and version[4] == 0:
         git_changeset = get_git_changeset()
         if git_changeset:
-            sub = '.dev%s' % git_changeset
+            sub = ".dev%s" % git_changeset
         else:
-            sub = '.dev'
-    elif version[3] != 'final':
-        mapping = {'alpha': 'a', 'beta': 'b', 'rc': 'rc'}
+            sub = ".dev"
+    elif version[3] != "final":
+        mapping = {"alpha": "a", "beta": "b", "rc": "rc"}
         sub = mapping[version[3]] + str(version[4])
 
     return str(main + sub)
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def get_main_version(version=None):
     "Returns main version (X.Y[.Z]) from VERSION."
     version = get_complete_version(version)
     parts = 2 if version[2] == 0 else 3
-    return '.'.join(str(x) for x in version[:parts])
+    return ".".join(str(x) for x in version[:parts])
 
 
 def get_complete_version(version=None):
@@ -45,17 +45,17 @@ def get_complete_version(version=None):
         from graphene import VERSION as version
     else:
         assert len(version) == 5
-        assert version[3] in ('alpha', 'beta', 'rc', 'final')
+        assert version[3] in ("alpha", "beta", "rc", "final")
 
     return version
 
 
 def get_docs_version(version=None):
     version = get_complete_version(version)
-    if version[3] != 'final':
-        return 'dev'
+    if version[3] != "final":
+        return "dev"
     else:
-        return '%d.%d' % version[:2]
+        return "%d.%d" % version[:2]
 
 
 def get_git_changeset():
@@ -67,12 +67,15 @@ def get_git_changeset():
     repo_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
     try:
         git_log = subprocess.Popen(
-            'git log --pretty=format:%ct --quiet -1 HEAD',
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
-            shell=True, cwd=repo_dir, universal_newlines=True,
+            "git log --pretty=format:%ct --quiet -1 HEAD",
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+            shell=True,
+            cwd=repo_dir,
+            universal_newlines=True,
         )
         timestamp = git_log.communicate()[0]
         timestamp = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(int(timestamp))
     except:
         return None
-    return timestamp.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')
+    return timestamp.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")

graphene/relay/__init__.py

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ from .mutation import ClientIDMutation
 from .connection import Connection, ConnectionField, PageInfo
 
 __all__ = [
-    'Node',
-    'is_node',
-    'GlobalID',
-    'ClientIDMutation',
-    'Connection',
-    'ConnectionField',
-    'PageInfo',
+    "Node",
+    "is_node",
+    "GlobalID",
+    "ClientIDMutation",
+    "Connection",
+    "ConnectionField",
+    "PageInfo",
 ]

graphene/relay/connection.py

@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ from functools import partial
 from graphql_relay import connection_from_list
 from promise import Promise, is_thenable
 
-from ..types import (Boolean, Enum, Int, Interface, List, NonNull, Scalar,
-                     String, Union)
+from ..types import Boolean, Enum, Int, Interface, List, NonNull, Scalar, String, Union
 from ..types.field import Field
 from ..types.objecttype import ObjectType, ObjectTypeOptions
 from .node import is_node
@@ -15,24 +14,24 @@ from .node import is_node
 class PageInfo(ObjectType):
     has_next_page = Boolean(
         required=True,
-        name='hasNextPage',
-        description='When paginating forwards, are there more items?',
+        name="hasNextPage",
+        description="When paginating forwards, are there more items?",
     )
 
     has_previous_page = Boolean(
         required=True,
-        name='hasPreviousPage',
-        description='When paginating backwards, are there more items?',
+        name="hasPreviousPage",
+        description="When paginating backwards, are there more items?",
     )
 
     start_cursor = String(
-        name='startCursor',
-        description='When paginating backwards, the cursor to continue.',
+        name="startCursor",
+        description="When paginating backwards, the cursor to continue.",
     )
 
     end_cursor = String(
-        name='endCursor',
-        description='When paginating forwards, the cursor to continue.',
+        name="endCursor",
+        description="When paginating forwards, the cursor to continue.",
     )
 
 
@@ -41,59 +40,59 @@ class ConnectionOptions(ObjectTypeOptions):
 
 
 class Connection(ObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
         abstract = True
 
     @classmethod
     def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, node=None, name=None, **options):
         _meta = ConnectionOptions(cls)
-        assert node, 'You have to provide a node in {}.Meta'.format(cls.__name__)
-        assert issubclass(node, (Scalar, Enum, ObjectType, Interface, Union, NonNull)), (
-            'Received incompatible node "{}" for Connection {}.'
-        ).format(node, cls.__name__)
+        assert node, "You have to provide a node in {}.Meta".format(cls.__name__)
+        assert issubclass(
+            node, (Scalar, Enum, ObjectType, Interface, Union, NonNull)
+        ), ('Received incompatible node "{}" for Connection {}.').format(
+            node, cls.__name__
+        )
 
-        base_name = re.sub('Connection$', '', name or cls.__name__) or node._meta.name
+        base_name = re.sub("Connection$", "", name or cls.__name__) or node._meta.name
         if not name:
-            name = '{}Connection'.format(base_name)
+            name = "{}Connection".format(base_name)
 
-        edge_class = getattr(cls, 'Edge', None)
+        edge_class = getattr(cls, "Edge", None)
         _node = node
 
         class EdgeBase(object):
-            node = Field(_node, description='The item at the end of the edge')
-            cursor = String(required=True, description='A cursor for use in pagination')
+            node = Field(_node, description="The item at the end of the edge")
+            cursor = String(required=True, description="A cursor for use in pagination")
 
-        edge_name = '{}Edge'.format(base_name)
+        edge_name = "{}Edge".format(base_name)
         if edge_class:
-            edge_bases = (edge_class, EdgeBase, ObjectType,)
+            edge_bases = (edge_class, EdgeBase, ObjectType)
         else:
-            edge_bases = (EdgeBase, ObjectType,)
+            edge_bases = (EdgeBase, ObjectType)
 
         edge = type(edge_name, edge_bases, {})
         cls.Edge = edge
 
-        options['name'] = name
+        options["name"] = name
         _meta.node = node
-        _meta.fields = OrderedDict([
-            ('page_info', Field(PageInfo, name='pageInfo', required=True)),
-            ('edges', Field(NonNull(List(edge)))),
-        ])
-        return super(Connection, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(_meta=_meta, **options)
+        _meta.fields = OrderedDict(
+            [
+                ("page_info", Field(PageInfo, name="pageInfo", required=True)),
+                ("edges", Field(NonNull(List(edge)))),
+            ]
+        )
+        return super(Connection, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
+            _meta=_meta, **options
+        )
 
 
 class IterableConnectionField(Field):
-
     def __init__(self, type, *args, **kwargs):
-        kwargs.setdefault('before', String())
-        kwargs.setdefault('after', String())
-        kwargs.setdefault('first', Int())
-        kwargs.setdefault('last', Int())
-        super(IterableConnectionField, self).__init__(
-            type,
-            *args,
-            **kwargs
-        )
+        kwargs.setdefault("before", String())
+        kwargs.setdefault("after", String())
+        kwargs.setdefault("first", Int())
+        kwargs.setdefault("last", Int())
+        super(IterableConnectionField, self).__init__(type, *args, **kwargs)
 
     @property
     def type(self):
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ class IterableConnectionField(Field):
             return resolved
 
         assert isinstance(resolved, Iterable), (
-            'Resolved value from the connection field have to be iterable or instance of {}. '
+            "Resolved value from the connection field have to be iterable or instance of {}. "
             'Received "{}"'
         ).format(connection_type, resolved)
         connection = connection_from_list(
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@ class IterableConnectionField(Field):
             args,
             connection_type=connection_type,
             edge_type=connection_type.Edge,
-            pageinfo_type=PageInfo
+            pageinfo_type=PageInfo,
         )
         connection.iterable = resolved
         return connection

graphene/relay/mutation.py

@@ -8,61 +8,64 @@ from ..types.mutation import Mutation
 
 
 class ClientIDMutation(Mutation):
-
     class Meta:
         abstract = True
 
     @classmethod
-    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, output=None, input_fields=None,
-                                    arguments=None, name=None, **options):
-        input_class = getattr(cls, 'Input', None)
-        base_name = re.sub('Payload$', '', name or cls.__name__)
+    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(
+        cls, output=None, input_fields=None, arguments=None, name=None, **options
+    ):
+        input_class = getattr(cls, "Input", None)
+        base_name = re.sub("Payload$", "", name or cls.__name__)
 
         assert not output, "Can't specify any output"
         assert not arguments, "Can't specify any arguments"
 
-        bases = (InputObjectType, )
+        bases = (InputObjectType,)
         if input_class:
-            bases += (input_class, )
+            bases += (input_class,)
 
         if not input_fields:
             input_fields = {}
 
         cls.Input = type(
-            '{}Input'.format(base_name),
+            "{}Input".format(base_name),
             bases,
-            OrderedDict(input_fields, client_mutation_id=String(
-                name='clientMutationId'))
+            OrderedDict(
+                input_fields, client_mutation_id=String(name="clientMutationId")
+            ),
         )
 
         arguments = OrderedDict(
             input=cls.Input(required=True)
             # 'client_mutation_id': String(name='clientMutationId')
         )
-        mutate_and_get_payload = getattr(cls, 'mutate_and_get_payload', None)
+        mutate_and_get_payload = getattr(cls, "mutate_and_get_payload", None)
         if cls.mutate and cls.mutate.__func__ == ClientIDMutation.mutate.__func__:
             assert mutate_and_get_payload, (
                 "{name}.mutate_and_get_payload method is required"
-                " in a ClientIDMutation.").format(name=name or cls.__name__)
+                " in a ClientIDMutation."
+            ).format(name=name or cls.__name__)
 
         if not name:
-            name = '{}Payload'.format(base_name)
+            name = "{}Payload".format(base_name)
 
         super(ClientIDMutation, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
-            output=None, arguments=arguments, name=name, **options)
-        cls._meta.fields['client_mutation_id'] = (
-            Field(String, name='clientMutationId')
+            output=None, arguments=arguments, name=name, **options
         )
+        cls._meta.fields["client_mutation_id"] = Field(String, name="clientMutationId")
 
     @classmethod
     def mutate(cls, root, info, input):
         def on_resolve(payload):
             try:
-                payload.client_mutation_id = input.get('client_mutation_id')
+                payload.client_mutation_id = input.get("client_mutation_id")
             except Exception:
                 raise Exception(
-                    ('Cannot set client_mutation_id in the payload object {}'
-                     ).format(repr(payload)))
+                    ("Cannot set client_mutation_id in the payload object {}").format(
+                        repr(payload)
+                    )
+                )
             return payload
 
         result = cls.mutate_and_get_payload(root, info, **input)

graphene/relay/node.py

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ from ..types.utils import get_type
 
 
 def is_node(objecttype):
-    '''
+    """
     Check if the given objecttype has Node as an interface
-    '''
+    """
     if not isclass(objecttype):
         return False
 
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ def is_node(objecttype):
 
 
 class GlobalID(Field):
-
     def __init__(self, node=None, parent_type=None, required=True, *args, **kwargs):
         super(GlobalID, self).__init__(ID, required=required, *args, **kwargs)
         self.node = node or Node
@@ -41,15 +40,16 @@ class GlobalID(Field):
 
     def get_resolver(self, parent_resolver):
         return partial(
-            self.id_resolver, parent_resolver, self.node, parent_type_name=self.parent_type_name
+            self.id_resolver,
+            parent_resolver,
+            self.node,
+            parent_type_name=self.parent_type_name,
         )
 
 
 class NodeField(Field):
-
-    def __init__(self, node, type=False, deprecation_reason=None,
-                 name=None, **kwargs):
-        assert issubclass(node, Node), 'NodeField can only operate in Nodes'
+    def __init__(self, node, type=False, deprecation_reason=None, name=None, **kwargs):
+        assert issubclass(node, Node), "NodeField can only operate in Nodes"
         self.node_type = node
         self.field_type = type
 
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ class NodeField(Field):
             # If we don's specify a type, the field type will be the node
             # interface
             type or node,
-            description='The ID of the object',
-            id=ID(required=True)
+            description="The ID of the object",
+            id=ID(required=True),
         )
 
     def get_resolver(self, parent_resolver):
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ class NodeField(Field):
 
 
 class AbstractNode(Interface):
-
     class Meta:
         abstract = True
 
@@ -74,14 +73,13 @@ class AbstractNode(Interface):
     def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, **options):
         _meta = InterfaceOptions(cls)
         _meta.fields = OrderedDict(
-            id=GlobalID(cls, description='The ID of the object.')
+            id=GlobalID(cls, description="The ID of the object.")
         )
-        super(AbstractNode, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
-            _meta=_meta, **options)
+        super(AbstractNode, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(_meta=_meta, **options)
 
 
 class Node(AbstractNode):
-    '''An object with an ID'''
+    """An object with an ID"""
 
     @classmethod
     def Field(cls, *args, **kwargs):  # noqa: N802
@@ -100,15 +98,15 @@ class Node(AbstractNode):
             return None
 
         if only_type:
-            assert graphene_type == only_type, (
-                'Must receive an {} id.'
-            ).format(graphene_type._meta.name)
+            assert graphene_type == only_type, ("Must receive a {} id.").format(
+                only_type._meta.name
+            )
 
         # We make sure the ObjectType implements the "Node" interface
         if cls not in graphene_type._meta.interfaces:
             return None
 
-        get_node = getattr(graphene_type, 'get_node', None)
+        get_node = getattr(graphene_type, "get_node", None)
         if get_node:
             return get_node(info, _id)
 

graphene/relay/tests/test_connection.py

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import pytest
 
-from ...types import Argument, Field, Int, List, NonNull, ObjectType, String, Schema
+from ...types import Argument, Field, Int, List, NonNull, ObjectType, Schema, String
 from ..connection import Connection, ConnectionField, PageInfo
 from ..node import Node
 
 
 class MyObject(ObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
         interfaces = [Node]
+
     field = String()
 
 
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ def test_connection():
         class Edge:
             other = String()
 
-    assert MyObjectConnection._meta.name == 'MyObjectConnection'
+    assert MyObjectConnection._meta.name == "MyObjectConnection"
     fields = MyObjectConnection._meta.fields
-    assert list(fields.keys()) == ['page_info', 'edges', 'extra']
-    edge_field = fields['edges']
-    pageinfo_field = fields['page_info']
+    assert list(fields.keys()) == ["page_info", "edges", "extra"]
+    edge_field = fields["edges"]
+    pageinfo_field = fields["page_info"]
 
     assert isinstance(edge_field, Field)
     assert isinstance(edge_field.type, NonNull)
@@ -43,13 +43,12 @@ def test_connection_inherit_abstracttype():
         extra = String()
 
     class MyObjectConnection(BaseConnection, Connection):
-
         class Meta:
             node = MyObject
 
-    assert MyObjectConnection._meta.name == 'MyObjectConnection'
+    assert MyObjectConnection._meta.name == "MyObjectConnection"
     fields = MyObjectConnection._meta.fields
-    assert list(fields.keys()) == ['page_info', 'edges', 'extra']
+    assert list(fields.keys()) == ["page_info", "edges", "extra"]
 
 
 def test_connection_name():
@@ -59,7 +58,6 @@ def test_connection_name():
         extra = String()
 
     class MyObjectConnection(BaseConnection, Connection):
-
         class Meta:
             node = MyObject
             name = custom_name
@@ -69,7 +67,6 @@ def test_connection_name():
 
 def test_edge():
     class MyObjectConnection(Connection):
-
         class Meta:
             node = MyObject
 
@@ -77,15 +74,15 @@ def test_edge():
             other = String()
 
     Edge = MyObjectConnection.Edge
-    assert Edge._meta.name == 'MyObjectEdge'
+    assert Edge._meta.name == "MyObjectEdge"
     edge_fields = Edge._meta.fields
-    assert list(edge_fields.keys()) == ['node', 'cursor', 'other']
+    assert list(edge_fields.keys()) == ["node", "cursor", "other"]
 
-    assert isinstance(edge_fields['node'], Field)
-    assert edge_fields['node'].type == MyObject
+    assert isinstance(edge_fields["node"], Field)
+    assert edge_fields["node"].type == MyObject
 
-    assert isinstance(edge_fields['other'], Field)
-    assert edge_fields['other'].type == String
+    assert isinstance(edge_fields["other"], Field)
+    assert edge_fields["other"].type == String
 
 
 def test_edge_with_bases():
@@ -93,7 +90,6 @@ def test_edge_with_bases():
         extra = String()
 
     class MyObjectConnection(Connection):
-
         class Meta:
             node = MyObject
 
@@ -101,35 +97,39 @@ def test_edge_with_bases():
             other = String()
 
     Edge = MyObjectConnection.Edge
-    assert Edge._meta.name == 'MyObjectEdge'
+    assert Edge._meta.name == "MyObjectEdge"
     edge_fields = Edge._meta.fields
-    assert list(edge_fields.keys()) == ['node', 'cursor', 'extra', 'other']
+    assert list(edge_fields.keys()) == ["node", "cursor", "extra", "other"]
 
-    assert isinstance(edge_fields['node'], Field)
-    assert edge_fields['node'].type == MyObject
+    assert isinstance(edge_fields["node"], Field)
+    assert edge_fields["node"].type == MyObject
 
-    assert isinstance(edge_fields['other'], Field)
-    assert edge_fields['other'].type == String
+    assert isinstance(edge_fields["other"], Field)
+    assert edge_fields["other"].type == String
 
 
 def test_pageinfo():
-    assert PageInfo._meta.name == 'PageInfo'
+    assert PageInfo._meta.name == "PageInfo"
     fields = PageInfo._meta.fields
-    assert list(fields.keys()) == ['has_next_page', 'has_previous_page', 'start_cursor', 'end_cursor']
+    assert list(fields.keys()) == [
+        "has_next_page",
+        "has_previous_page",
+        "start_cursor",
+        "end_cursor",
+    ]
 
 
 def test_connectionfield():
     class MyObjectConnection(Connection):
-
         class Meta:
             node = MyObject
 
     field = ConnectionField(MyObjectConnection)
     assert field.args == {
-        'before': Argument(String),
-        'after': Argument(String),
-        'first': Argument(Int),
-        'last': Argument(Int),
+        "before": Argument(String),
+        "after": Argument(String),
+        "first": Argument(Int),
+        "last": Argument(Int),
     }
 
 
@@ -138,28 +138,30 @@ def test_connectionfield_node_deprecated():
     with pytest.raises(Exception) as exc_info:
         field.type
 
-    assert "ConnectionField's now need a explicit ConnectionType for Nodes." in str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "ConnectionField's now need a explicit ConnectionType for Nodes." in str(
+        exc_info.value
+    )
 
 
 def test_connectionfield_custom_args():
     class MyObjectConnection(Connection):
-
         class Meta:
             node = MyObject
 
-    field = ConnectionField(MyObjectConnection, before=String(required=True), extra=String())
+    field = ConnectionField(
+        MyObjectConnection, before=String(required=True), extra=String()
+    )
     assert field.args == {
-        'before': Argument(NonNull(String)),
-        'after': Argument(String),
-        'first': Argument(Int),
-        'last': Argument(Int),
-        'extra': Argument(String),
+        "before": Argument(NonNull(String)),
+        "after": Argument(String),
+        "first": Argument(Int),
+        "last": Argument(Int),
+        "extra": Argument(String),
     }
 
 
 def test_connectionfield_required():
     class MyObjectConnection(Connection):
-
         class Meta:
             node = MyObject
 
@@ -170,8 +172,6 @@ def test_connectionfield_required():
             return []
 
     schema = Schema(query=Query)
-    executed = schema.execute(
-        '{ testConnection { edges { cursor } } }'
-    )
+    executed = schema.execute("{ testConnection { edges { cursor } } }")
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'testConnection': {'edges': []}}
+    assert executed.data == {"testConnection": {"edges": []}}

graphene/relay/tests/test_connection_query.py

@@ -7,19 +7,17 @@ from ...types import ObjectType, Schema, String
 from ..connection import Connection, ConnectionField, PageInfo
 from ..node import Node
 
-letter_chars = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']
+letter_chars = ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]
 
 
 class Letter(ObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
-        interfaces = (Node, )
+        interfaces = (Node,)
 
     letter = String()
 
 
 class LetterConnection(Connection):
-
     class Meta:
         node = Letter
 
@@ -39,16 +37,10 @@ class Query(ObjectType):
 
     def resolve_connection_letters(self, info, **args):
         return LetterConnection(
-            page_info=PageInfo(
-                has_next_page=True,
-                has_previous_page=False
-            ),
+            page_info=PageInfo(has_next_page=True, has_previous_page=False),
             edges=[
-                LetterConnection.Edge(
-                    node=Letter(id=0, letter='A'),
-                    cursor='a-cursor'
-                ),
-            ]
+                LetterConnection.Edge(node=Letter(id=0, letter="A"), cursor="a-cursor")
+            ],
         )
 
 
@@ -56,33 +48,30 @@ schema = Schema(Query)
 
 letters = OrderedDict()
 for i, letter in enumerate(letter_chars):
-    l = Letter(id=i, letter=letter)
-    letters[letter] = l
+    letters[letter] = Letter(id=i, letter=letter)
 
 
 def edges(selected_letters):
     return [
         {
-            'node': {
-                'id': base64('Letter:%s' % l.id),
-                'letter': l.letter
-            },
-            'cursor': base64('arrayconnection:%s' % l.id)
+            "node": {"id": base64("Letter:%s" % l.id), "letter": l.letter},
+            "cursor": base64("arrayconnection:%s" % l.id),
         }
         for l in [letters[i] for i in selected_letters]
     ]
 
 
 def cursor_for(ltr):
-    l = letters[ltr]
-    return base64('arrayconnection:%s' % l.id)
+    letter = letters[ltr]
+    return base64("arrayconnection:%s" % letter.id)
 
 
-def execute(args=''):
+def execute(args=""):
     if args:
-        args = '(' + args + ')'
+        args = "(" + args + ")"
 
-    return schema.execute('''
+    return schema.execute(
+        """
     {
         letters%s {
             edges {
@@ -100,112 +89,136 @@ def execute(args=''):
             }
         }
     }
-    ''' % args)
+    """
+        % args
+    )
 
 
 def check(args, letters, has_previous_page=False, has_next_page=False):
     result = execute(args)
     expected_edges = edges(letters)
     expected_page_info = {
-        'hasPreviousPage': has_previous_page,
-        'hasNextPage': has_next_page,
-        'endCursor': expected_edges[-1]['cursor'] if expected_edges else None,
-        'startCursor': expected_edges[0]['cursor'] if expected_edges else None
+        "hasPreviousPage": has_previous_page,
+        "hasNextPage": has_next_page,
+        "endCursor": expected_edges[-1]["cursor"] if expected_edges else None,
+        "startCursor": expected_edges[0]["cursor"] if expected_edges else None,
     }
 
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == {
-        'letters': {
-            'edges': expected_edges,
-            'pageInfo': expected_page_info
-        }
+        "letters": {"edges": expected_edges, "pageInfo": expected_page_info}
     }
 
 
 def test_returns_all_elements_without_filters():
-    check('', 'ABCDE')
+    check("", "ABCDE")
 
 
 def test_respects_a_smaller_first():
-    check('first: 2', 'AB', has_next_page=True)
+    check("first: 2", "AB", has_next_page=True)
 
 
 def test_respects_an_overly_large_first():
-    check('first: 10', 'ABCDE')
+    check("first: 10", "ABCDE")
 
 
 def test_respects_a_smaller_last():
-    check('last: 2', 'DE', has_previous_page=True)
+    check("last: 2", "DE", has_previous_page=True)
 
 
 def test_respects_an_overly_large_last():
-    check('last: 10', 'ABCDE')
+    check("last: 10", "ABCDE")
 
 
 def test_respects_first_and_after():
-    check('first: 2, after: "{}"'.format(cursor_for('B')), 'CD', has_next_page=True)
+    check('first: 2, after: "{}"'.format(cursor_for("B")), "CD", has_next_page=True)
 
 
 def test_respects_first_and_after_with_long_first():
-    check('first: 10, after: "{}"'.format(cursor_for('B')), 'CDE')
+    check('first: 10, after: "{}"'.format(cursor_for("B")), "CDE")
 
 
 def test_respects_last_and_before():
-    check('last: 2, before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for('D')), 'BC', has_previous_page=True)
+    check('last: 2, before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for("D")), "BC", has_previous_page=True)
 
 
 def test_respects_last_and_before_with_long_last():
-    check('last: 10, before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for('D')), 'ABC')
+    check('last: 10, before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for("D")), "ABC")
 
 
 def test_respects_first_and_after_and_before_too_few():
-    check('first: 2, after: "{}", before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for('A'), cursor_for('E')), 'BC', has_next_page=True)
+    check(
+        'first: 2, after: "{}", before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for("A"), cursor_for("E")),
+        "BC",
+        has_next_page=True,
+    )
 
 
 def test_respects_first_and_after_and_before_too_many():
-    check('first: 4, after: "{}", before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for('A'), cursor_for('E')), 'BCD')
+    check(
+        'first: 4, after: "{}", before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for("A"), cursor_for("E")),
+        "BCD",
+    )
 
 
 def test_respects_first_and_after_and_before_exactly_right():
-    check('first: 3, after: "{}", before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for('A'), cursor_for('E')), "BCD")
+    check(
+        'first: 3, after: "{}", before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for("A"), cursor_for("E")),
+        "BCD",
+    )
 
 
 def test_respects_last_and_after_and_before_too_few():
-    check('last: 2, after: "{}", before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for('A'), cursor_for('E')), 'CD', has_previous_page=True)
+    check(
+        'last: 2, after: "{}", before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for("A"), cursor_for("E")),
+        "CD",
+        has_previous_page=True,
+    )
 
 
 def test_respects_last_and_after_and_before_too_many():
-    check('last: 4, after: "{}", before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for('A'), cursor_for('E')), 'BCD')
+    check(
+        'last: 4, after: "{}", before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for("A"), cursor_for("E")),
+        "BCD",
+    )
 
 
 def test_respects_last_and_after_and_before_exactly_right():
-    check('last: 3, after: "{}", before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for('A'), cursor_for('E')), 'BCD')
+    check(
+        'last: 3, after: "{}", before: "{}"'.format(cursor_for("A"), cursor_for("E")),
+        "BCD",
+    )
 
 
 def test_returns_no_elements_if_first_is_0():
-    check('first: 0', '', has_next_page=True)
+    check("first: 0", "", has_next_page=True)
 
 
 def test_returns_all_elements_if_cursors_are_invalid():
-    check('before: "invalid" after: "invalid"', 'ABCDE')
+    check('before: "invalid" after: "invalid"', "ABCDE")
 
 
 def test_returns_all_elements_if_cursors_are_on_the_outside():
     check(
         'before: "{}" after: "{}"'.format(
-            base64(
-                'arrayconnection:%s' % 6),
-            base64(
-                'arrayconnection:%s' % -1)),
-        'ABCDE')
+            base64("arrayconnection:%s" % 6), base64("arrayconnection:%s" % -1)
+        ),
+        "ABCDE",
+    )
 
 
 def test_returns_no_elements_if_cursors_cross():
-    check('before: "{}" after: "{}"'.format(base64('arrayconnection:%s' % 2), base64('arrayconnection:%s' % 4)), '')
+    check(
+        'before: "{}" after: "{}"'.format(
+            base64("arrayconnection:%s" % 2), base64("arrayconnection:%s" % 4)
+        ),
+        "",
+    )
 
 
 def test_connection_type_nodes():
-    result = schema.execute('''
+    result = schema.execute(
+        """
     {
         connectionLetters {
             edges {
@@ -221,28 +234,23 @@ def test_connection_type_nodes():
             }
         }
     }
-    ''')
+    """
+    )
 
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == {
-        'connectionLetters': {
-            'edges': [{
-                'node': {
-                    'id': 'TGV0dGVyOjA=',
-                    'letter': 'A',
-                },
-                'cursor': 'a-cursor',
-            }],
-            'pageInfo': {
-                'hasPreviousPage': False,
-                'hasNextPage': True,
-            }
+        "connectionLetters": {
+            "edges": [
+                {"node": {"id": "TGV0dGVyOjA=", "letter": "A"}, "cursor": "a-cursor"}
+            ],
+            "pageInfo": {"hasPreviousPage": False, "hasNextPage": True},
         }
     }
 
 
 def test_connection_promise():
-    result = schema.execute('''
+    result = schema.execute(
+        """
     {
         promiseLetters(first:1) {
             edges {
@@ -257,20 +265,13 @@ def test_connection_promise():
             }
         }
     }
-    ''')
+    """
+    )
 
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == {
-        'promiseLetters': {
-            'edges': [{
-                'node': {
-                    'id': 'TGV0dGVyOjA=',
-                    'letter': 'A',
-                },
-            }],
-            'pageInfo': {
-                'hasPreviousPage': False,
-                'hasNextPage': True,
-            }
+        "promiseLetters": {
+            "edges": [{"node": {"id": "TGV0dGVyOjA=", "letter": "A"}}],
+            "pageInfo": {"hasPreviousPage": False, "hasNextPage": True},
         }
     }

graphene/relay/tests/test_global_id.py

@@ -6,20 +6,18 @@ from ..node import GlobalID, Node
 
 
 class CustomNode(Node):
-
     class Meta:
-        name = 'Node'
+        name = "Node"
 
 
 class User(ObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
         interfaces = [CustomNode]
+
     name = String()
 
 
 class Info(object):
-
     def __init__(self, parent_type):
         self.parent_type = GrapheneObjectType(
             graphene_type=parent_type,
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ class Info(object):
             description=parent_type._meta.description,
             fields=None,
             is_type_of=parent_type.is_type_of,
-            interfaces=None
+            interfaces=None,
         )
 
 
@@ -45,7 +43,7 @@ def test_global_id_allows_overriding_of_node_and_required():
 
 
 def test_global_id_defaults_to_info_parent_type():
-    my_id = '1'
+    my_id = "1"
     gid = GlobalID()
     id_resolver = gid.get_resolver(lambda *_: my_id)
     my_global_id = id_resolver(None, Info(User))
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ def test_global_id_defaults_to_info_parent_type():
 
 
 def test_global_id_allows_setting_customer_parent_type():
-    my_id = '1'
+    my_id = "1"
     gid = GlobalID(parent_type=User)
     id_resolver = gid.get_resolver(lambda *_: my_id)
     my_global_id = id_resolver(None, None)

graphene/relay/tests/test_mutation.py

@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
 import pytest
-
 from promise import Promise
 
-from ...types import (ID, Argument, Field, InputField, InputObjectType,
-                      NonNull, ObjectType, Schema)
+from ...types import (
+    ID,
+    Argument,
+    Field,
+    InputField,
+    InputObjectType,
+    NonNull,
+    ObjectType,
+    Schema,
+)
 from ...types.scalars import String
 from ..mutation import ClientIDMutation
 
@@ -20,7 +27,6 @@ class MyNode(ObjectType):
 
 
 class SaySomething(ClientIDMutation):
-
     class Input:
         what = String()
 
@@ -32,14 +38,13 @@ class SaySomething(ClientIDMutation):
 
 
 class FixedSaySomething(object):
-    __slots__ = 'phrase',
+    __slots__ = ("phrase",)
 
     def __init__(self, phrase):
         self.phrase = phrase
 
 
 class SaySomethingFixed(ClientIDMutation):
-
     class Input:
         what = String()
 
@@ -51,7 +56,6 @@ class SaySomethingFixed(ClientIDMutation):
 
 
 class SaySomethingPromise(ClientIDMutation):
-
     class Input:
         what = String()
 
@@ -69,7 +73,6 @@ class MyEdge(ObjectType):
 
 
 class OtherMutation(ClientIDMutation):
-
     class Input(SharedFields):
         additional_field = String()
 
@@ -77,11 +80,14 @@ class OtherMutation(ClientIDMutation):
     my_node_edge = Field(MyEdge)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def mutate_and_get_payload(self, info, shared='', additional_field='', client_mutation_id=None):
+    def mutate_and_get_payload(
+        self, info, shared="", additional_field="", client_mutation_id=None
+    ):
         edge_type = MyEdge
         return OtherMutation(
             name=shared + additional_field,
-            my_node_edge=edge_type(cursor='1', node=MyNode(name='name')))
+            my_node_edge=edge_type(cursor="1", node=MyNode(name="name")),
+        )
 
 
 class RootQuery(ObjectType):
@@ -104,64 +110,62 @@ def test_no_mutate_and_get_payload():
         class MyMutation(ClientIDMutation):
             pass
 
-    assert "MyMutation.mutate_and_get_payload method is required in a ClientIDMutation." == str(
-        excinfo.value)
+    assert (
+        "MyMutation.mutate_and_get_payload method is required in a ClientIDMutation."
+        == str(excinfo.value)
+    )
 
 
 def test_mutation():
     fields = SaySomething._meta.fields
-    assert list(fields.keys()) == ['phrase', 'client_mutation_id']
+    assert list(fields.keys()) == ["phrase", "client_mutation_id"]
     assert SaySomething._meta.name == "SaySomethingPayload"
-    assert isinstance(fields['phrase'], Field)
+    assert isinstance(fields["phrase"], Field)
     field = SaySomething.Field()
     assert field.type == SaySomething
-    assert list(field.args.keys()) == ['input']
-    assert isinstance(field.args['input'], Argument)
-    assert isinstance(field.args['input'].type, NonNull)
-    assert field.args['input'].type.of_type == SaySomething.Input
-    assert isinstance(fields['client_mutation_id'], Field)
-    assert fields['client_mutation_id'].name == 'clientMutationId'
-    assert fields['client_mutation_id'].type == String
+    assert list(field.args.keys()) == ["input"]
+    assert isinstance(field.args["input"], Argument)
+    assert isinstance(field.args["input"].type, NonNull)
+    assert field.args["input"].type.of_type == SaySomething.Input
+    assert isinstance(fields["client_mutation_id"], Field)
+    assert fields["client_mutation_id"].name == "clientMutationId"
+    assert fields["client_mutation_id"].type == String
 
 
 def test_mutation_input():
     Input = SaySomething.Input
     assert issubclass(Input, InputObjectType)
     fields = Input._meta.fields
-    assert list(fields.keys()) == ['what', 'client_mutation_id']
-    assert isinstance(fields['what'], InputField)
-    assert fields['what'].type == String
-    assert isinstance(fields['client_mutation_id'], InputField)
-    assert fields['client_mutation_id'].type == String
+    assert list(fields.keys()) == ["what", "client_mutation_id"]
+    assert isinstance(fields["what"], InputField)
+    assert fields["what"].type == String
+    assert isinstance(fields["client_mutation_id"], InputField)
+    assert fields["client_mutation_id"].type == String
 
 
 def test_subclassed_mutation():
     fields = OtherMutation._meta.fields
-    assert list(fields.keys()) == [
-        'name', 'my_node_edge', 'client_mutation_id'
-    ]
-    assert isinstance(fields['name'], Field)
+    assert list(fields.keys()) == ["name", "my_node_edge", "client_mutation_id"]
+    assert isinstance(fields["name"], Field)
     field = OtherMutation.Field()
     assert field.type == OtherMutation
-    assert list(field.args.keys()) == ['input']
-    assert isinstance(field.args['input'], Argument)
-    assert isinstance(field.args['input'].type, NonNull)
-    assert field.args['input'].type.of_type == OtherMutation.Input
+    assert list(field.args.keys()) == ["input"]
+    assert isinstance(field.args["input"], Argument)
+    assert isinstance(field.args["input"].type, NonNull)
+    assert field.args["input"].type.of_type == OtherMutation.Input
 
 
 def test_subclassed_mutation_input():
     Input = OtherMutation.Input
     assert issubclass(Input, InputObjectType)
     fields = Input._meta.fields
-    assert list(fields.keys()) == [
-        'shared', 'additional_field', 'client_mutation_id'
-    ]
-    assert isinstance(fields['shared'], InputField)
-    assert fields['shared'].type == String
-    assert isinstance(fields['additional_field'], InputField)
-    assert fields['additional_field'].type == String
-    assert isinstance(fields['client_mutation_id'], InputField)
-    assert fields['client_mutation_id'].type == String
+    assert list(fields.keys()) == ["shared", "additional_field", "client_mutation_id"]
+    assert isinstance(fields["shared"], InputField)
+    assert fields["shared"].type == String
+    assert isinstance(fields["additional_field"], InputField)
+    assert fields["additional_field"].type == String
+    assert isinstance(fields["client_mutation_id"], InputField)
+    assert fields["client_mutation_id"].type == String
 
 
 def test_node_query():
@@ -169,14 +173,16 @@ def test_node_query():
         'mutation a { say(input: {what:"hello", clientMutationId:"1"}) { phrase } }'
     )
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'say': {'phrase': 'hello'}}
+    assert executed.data == {"say": {"phrase": "hello"}}
 
 
 def test_node_query_fixed():
     executed = schema.execute(
         'mutation a { sayFixed(input: {what:"hello", clientMutationId:"1"}) { phrase } }'
     )
-    assert "Cannot set client_mutation_id in the payload object" in str(executed.errors[0])
+    assert "Cannot set client_mutation_id in the payload object" in str(
+        executed.errors[0]
+    )
 
 
 def test_node_query_promise():
@@ -184,7 +190,7 @@ def test_node_query_promise():
         'mutation a { sayPromise(input: {what:"hello", clientMutationId:"1"}) { phrase } }'
     )
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'sayPromise': {'phrase': 'hello'}}
+    assert executed.data == {"sayPromise": {"phrase": "hello"}}
 
 
 def test_edge_query():
@@ -193,13 +199,8 @@ def test_edge_query():
     )
     assert not executed.errors
     assert dict(executed.data) == {
-        'other': {
-            'clientMutationId': '1',
-            'myNodeEdge': {
-                'cursor': '1',
-                'node': {
-                    'name': 'name'
-                }
-            }
+        "other": {
+            "clientMutationId": "1",
+            "myNodeEdge": {"cursor": "1", "node": {"name": "name"}},
         }
     }

graphene/relay/tests/test_node.py

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ class SharedNodeFields(object):
     something_else = String()
 
     def resolve_something_else(*_):
-        return '----'
+        return "----"
 
 
 class MyNode(ObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
-        interfaces = (Node, )
+        interfaces = (Node,)
+
     name = String()
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ class MyOtherNode(SharedNodeFields, ObjectType):
     extra_field = String()
 
     class Meta:
-        interfaces = (Node, )
+        interfaces = (Node,)
 
     def resolve_extra_field(self, *_):
-        return 'extra field info.'
+        return "extra field info."
 
     @staticmethod
     def get_node(info, id):
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ schema = Schema(query=RootQuery, types=[MyNode, MyOtherNode])
 
 
 def test_node_good():
-    assert 'id' in MyNode._meta.fields
+    assert "id" in MyNode._meta.fields
     assert is_node(MyNode)
     assert not is_node(object)
 
@@ -61,25 +61,33 @@ def test_node_query():
         '{ node(id:"%s") { ... on MyNode { name } } }' % Node.to_global_id("MyNode", 1)
     )
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'node': {'name': '1'}}
+    assert executed.data == {"node": {"name": "1"}}
 
 
 def test_subclassed_node_query():
     executed = schema.execute(
-        '{ node(id:"%s") { ... on MyOtherNode { shared, extraField, somethingElse } } }' %
-        to_global_id("MyOtherNode", 1))
+        '{ node(id:"%s") { ... on MyOtherNode { shared, extraField, somethingElse } } }'
+        % to_global_id("MyOtherNode", 1)
+    )
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == OrderedDict({'node': OrderedDict(
-        [('shared', '1'), ('extraField', 'extra field info.'), ('somethingElse', '----')])})
+    assert executed.data == OrderedDict(
+        {
+            "node": OrderedDict(
+                [
+                    ("shared", "1"),
+                    ("extraField", "extra field info."),
+                    ("somethingElse", "----"),
+                ]
+            )
+        }
+    )
 
 
 def test_node_requesting_non_node():
     executed = schema.execute(
         '{ node(id:"%s") { __typename } } ' % Node.to_global_id("RootQuery", 1)
     )
-    assert executed.data == {
-        'node': None
-    }
+    assert executed.data == {"node": None}
 
 
 def test_node_query_incorrect_id():
@@ -87,7 +95,7 @@ def test_node_query_incorrect_id():
         '{ node(id:"%s") { ... on MyNode { name } } }' % "something:2"
     )
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'node': None}
+    assert executed.data == {"node": None}
 
 
 def test_node_field():
@@ -107,37 +115,42 @@ def test_node_field_only_type():
         '{ onlyNode(id:"%s") { __typename, name } } ' % Node.to_global_id("MyNode", 1)
     )
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'onlyNode': {'__typename': 'MyNode', 'name': '1'}}
+    assert executed.data == {"onlyNode": {"__typename": "MyNode", "name": "1"}}
 
 
 def test_node_field_only_type_wrong():
     executed = schema.execute(
-        '{ onlyNode(id:"%s") { __typename, name } } ' % Node.to_global_id("MyOtherNode", 1)
+        '{ onlyNode(id:"%s") { __typename, name } } '
+        % Node.to_global_id("MyOtherNode", 1)
     )
     assert len(executed.errors) == 1
-    assert str(executed.errors[0]) == 'Must receive an MyOtherNode id.'
-    assert executed.data == {'onlyNode': None}
+    assert str(executed.errors[0]) == "Must receive a MyNode id."
+    assert executed.data == {"onlyNode": None}
 
 
 def test_node_field_only_lazy_type():
     executed = schema.execute(
-        '{ onlyNodeLazy(id:"%s") { __typename, name } } ' % Node.to_global_id("MyNode", 1)
+        '{ onlyNodeLazy(id:"%s") { __typename, name } } '
+        % Node.to_global_id("MyNode", 1)
     )
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'onlyNodeLazy': {'__typename': 'MyNode', 'name': '1'}}
+    assert executed.data == {"onlyNodeLazy": {"__typename": "MyNode", "name": "1"}}
 
 
 def test_node_field_only_lazy_type_wrong():
     executed = schema.execute(
-        '{ onlyNodeLazy(id:"%s") { __typename, name } } ' % Node.to_global_id("MyOtherNode", 1)
+        '{ onlyNodeLazy(id:"%s") { __typename, name } } '
+        % Node.to_global_id("MyOtherNode", 1)
     )
     assert len(executed.errors) == 1
-    assert str(executed.errors[0]) == 'Must receive an MyOtherNode id.'
-    assert executed.data == {'onlyNodeLazy': None}
+    assert str(executed.errors[0]) == "Must receive a MyNode id."
+    assert executed.data == {"onlyNodeLazy": None}
 
 
 def test_str_schema():
-    assert str(schema) == """
+    assert (
+        str(schema)
+        == """
 schema {
   query: RootQuery
 }
@@ -165,3 +178,4 @@ type RootQuery {
   onlyNodeLazy(id: ID!): MyNode
 }
 """.lstrip()
+    )

graphene/relay/tests/test_node_custom.py

@@ -6,9 +6,8 @@ from ..node import Node
 
 
 class CustomNode(Node):
-
     class Meta:
-        name = 'Node'
+        name = "Node"
 
     @staticmethod
     def to_global_id(type, id):
@@ -28,37 +27,33 @@ class BasePhoto(Interface):
 
 
 class User(ObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
         interfaces = [CustomNode]
+
     name = String()
 
 
 class Photo(ObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
         interfaces = [CustomNode, BasePhoto]
 
 
-user_data = {
-    '1': User(id='1', name='John Doe'),
-    '2': User(id='2', name='Jane Smith'),
-}
+user_data = {"1": User(id="1", name="John Doe"), "2": User(id="2", name="Jane Smith")}
 
-photo_data = {
-    '3': Photo(id='3', width=300),
-    '4': Photo(id='4', width=400),
-}
+photo_data = {"3": Photo(id="3", width=300), "4": Photo(id="4", width=400)}
 
 
 class RootQuery(ObjectType):
     node = CustomNode.Field()
 
+
 schema = Schema(query=RootQuery, types=[User, Photo])
 
 
 def test_str_schema_correct():
-    assert str(schema) == '''schema {
+    assert (
+        str(schema)
+        == """schema {
   query: RootQuery
 }
 
@@ -83,47 +78,40 @@ type User implements Node {
   id: ID!
   name: String
 }
-'''
+"""
+    )
 
 
 def test_gets_the_correct_id_for_users():
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       {
         node(id: "1") {
           id
         }
       }
-    '''
-    expected = {
-        'node': {
-            'id': '1',
-        }
-    }
+    """
+    expected = {"node": {"id": "1"}}
     result = graphql(schema, query)
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == expected
 
 
 def test_gets_the_correct_id_for_photos():
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       {
         node(id: "4") {
           id
         }
       }
-    '''
-    expected = {
-        'node': {
-            'id': '4',
-        }
-    }
+    """
+    expected = {"node": {"id": "4"}}
     result = graphql(schema, query)
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == expected
 
 
 def test_gets_the_correct_name_for_users():
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       {
         node(id: "1") {
           id
@@ -132,20 +120,15 @@ def test_gets_the_correct_name_for_users():
           }
         }
       }
-    '''
-    expected = {
-        'node': {
-            'id': '1',
-            'name': 'John Doe'
-        }
-    }
+    """
+    expected = {"node": {"id": "1", "name": "John Doe"}}
     result = graphql(schema, query)
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == expected
 
 
 def test_gets_the_correct_width_for_photos():
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       {
         node(id: "4") {
           id
@@ -154,60 +137,45 @@ def test_gets_the_correct_width_for_photos():
           }
         }
       }
-    '''
-    expected = {
-        'node': {
-            'id': '4',
-            'width': 400
-        }
-    }
+    """
+    expected = {"node": {"id": "4", "width": 400}}
     result = graphql(schema, query)
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == expected
 
 
 def test_gets_the_correct_typename_for_users():
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       {
         node(id: "1") {
           id
           __typename
         }
       }
-    '''
-    expected = {
-        'node': {
-            'id': '1',
-            '__typename': 'User'
-        }
-    }
+    """
+    expected = {"node": {"id": "1", "__typename": "User"}}
     result = graphql(schema, query)
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == expected
 
 
 def test_gets_the_correct_typename_for_photos():
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       {
         node(id: "4") {
           id
           __typename
         }
       }
-    '''
-    expected = {
-        'node': {
-            'id': '4',
-            '__typename': 'Photo'
-        }
-    }
+    """
+    expected = {"node": {"id": "4", "__typename": "Photo"}}
     result = graphql(schema, query)
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == expected
 
 
 def test_ignores_photo_fragments_on_user():
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       {
         node(id: "1") {
           id
@@ -216,35 +184,29 @@ def test_ignores_photo_fragments_on_user():
           }
         }
       }
-    '''
-    expected = {
-        'node': {
-            'id': '1',
-        }
-    }
+    """
+    expected = {"node": {"id": "1"}}
     result = graphql(schema, query)
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == expected
 
 
 def test_returns_null_for_bad_ids():
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       {
         node(id: "5") {
           id
         }
       }
-    '''
-    expected = {
-        'node': None
-    }
+    """
+    expected = {"node": None}
     result = graphql(schema, query)
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == expected
 
 
 def test_have_correct_node_interface():
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       {
         __type(name: "Node") {
           name
@@ -261,23 +223,20 @@ def test_have_correct_node_interface():
           }
         }
       }
-    '''
+    """
     expected = {
-        '__type': {
-            'name': 'Node',
-            'kind': 'INTERFACE',
-            'fields': [
+        "__type": {
+            "name": "Node",
+            "kind": "INTERFACE",
+            "fields": [
                 {
-                    'name': 'id',
-                    'type': {
-                        'kind': 'NON_NULL',
-                        'ofType': {
-                            'name': 'ID',
-                            'kind': 'SCALAR'
-                        }
-                    }
+                    "name": "id",
+                    "type": {
+                        "kind": "NON_NULL",
+                        "ofType": {"name": "ID", "kind": "SCALAR"},
+                    },
                 }
-            ]
+            ],
         }
     }
     result = graphql(schema, query)
@@ -286,7 +245,7 @@ def test_have_correct_node_interface():
 
 
 def test_has_correct_node_root_field():
-    query = '''
+    query = """
       {
         __schema {
           queryType {
@@ -310,29 +269,23 @@ def test_has_correct_node_root_field():
           }
         }
       }
-    '''
+    """
     expected = {
-        '__schema': {
-            'queryType': {
-                'fields': [
+        "__schema": {
+            "queryType": {
+                "fields": [
                     {
-                        'name': 'node',
-                        'type': {
-                            'name': 'Node',
-                            'kind': 'INTERFACE'
-                        },
-                        'args': [
+                        "name": "node",
+                        "type": {"name": "Node", "kind": "INTERFACE"},
+                        "args": [
                             {
-                                'name': 'id',
-                                'type': {
-                                    'kind': 'NON_NULL',
-                                    'ofType': {
-                                        'name': 'ID',
-                                        'kind': 'SCALAR'
-                                    }
-                                }
+                                "name": "id",
+                                "type": {
+                                    "kind": "NON_NULL",
+                                    "ofType": {"name": "ID", "kind": "SCALAR"},
+                                },
                             }
-                        ]
+                        ],
                     }
                 ]
             }

graphene/test/__init__.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ def default_format_error(error):
     if isinstance(error, GraphQLError):
         return format_graphql_error(error)
 
-    return {'message': six.text_type(error)}
+    return {"message": six.text_type(error)}
 
 
 def format_execution_result(execution_result, format_error):
@@ -18,18 +18,15 @@ def format_execution_result(execution_result, format_error):
         response = {}
 
         if execution_result.errors:
-            response['errors'] = [
-                format_error(e) for e in execution_result.errors
-            ]
+            response["errors"] = [format_error(e) for e in execution_result.errors]
 
         if not execution_result.invalid:
-            response['data'] = execution_result.data
+            response["data"] = execution_result.data
 
         return response
 
 
 class Client(object):
-
     def __init__(self, schema, format_error=None, **execute_options):
         assert isinstance(schema, Schema)
         self.schema = schema
@@ -40,8 +37,7 @@ class Client(object):
         return format_execution_result(result, self.format_error)
 
     def execute(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        executed = self.schema.execute(*args,
-                                       **dict(self.execute_options, **kwargs))
+        executed = self.schema.execute(*args, **dict(self.execute_options, **kwargs))
         if is_thenable(executed):
             return Promise.resolve(executed).then(self.format_result)
 

graphene/tests/issues/test_313.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/issues/313
 
 import graphene
-from graphene import resolve_only_args
 
 
 class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
@@ -17,20 +16,18 @@ class Error(graphene.ObjectType):
 
 
 class CreatePostResult(graphene.Union):
-
     class Meta:
         types = [Success, Error]
 
 
 class CreatePost(graphene.Mutation):
-
     class Input:
         text = graphene.String(required=True)
 
     result = graphene.Field(CreatePostResult)
 
     def mutate(self, info, text):
-        result = Success(yeah='yeah')
+        result = Success(yeah="yeah")
 
         return CreatePost(result=result)
 
@@ -38,11 +35,12 @@ class CreatePost(graphene.Mutation):
 class Mutations(graphene.ObjectType):
     create_post = CreatePost.Field()
 
+
 # tests.py
 
 
 def test_create_post():
-    query_string = '''
+    query_string = """
     mutation {
       createPost(text: "Try this out") {
         result {
@@ -50,10 +48,10 @@ def test_create_post():
         }
       }
     }
-    '''
+    """
 
     schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query, mutation=Mutations)
     result = schema.execute(query_string)
 
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data['createPost']['result']['__typename'] == 'Success'
+    assert result.data["createPost"]["result"]["__typename"] == "Success"

graphene/tests/issues/test_356.py

@@ -15,16 +15,18 @@ class SomeTypeTwo(graphene.ObjectType):
 
 
 class MyUnion(graphene.Union):
-
     class Meta:
         types = (SomeTypeOne, SomeTypeTwo)
 
 
 def test_issue():
+    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
+        things = relay.ConnectionField(MyUnion)
+
     with pytest.raises(Exception) as exc_info:
-        class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
-            things = relay.ConnectionField(MyUnion)
+        graphene.Schema(query=Query)
 
-        schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
-
-    assert str(exc_info.value) == 'IterableConnectionField type have to be a subclass of Connection. Received "MyUnion".'
+    assert str(exc_info.value) == (
+        "IterableConnectionField type have to be a subclass of Connection. "
+        'Received "MyUnion".'
+    )

graphene/tests/issues/test_425.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/issues/425
 # Adapted for Graphene 2.0
 
-from graphene.types.objecttype import ObjectType, ObjectTypeOptions
-from graphene.types.inputobjecttype import InputObjectType, InputObjectTypeOptions
 from graphene.types.enum import Enum, EnumOptions
+from graphene.types.inputobjecttype import InputObjectType
+from graphene.types.objecttype import ObjectType, ObjectTypeOptions
 
 
 # ObjectType
@@ -12,35 +12,35 @@ class SpecialOptions(ObjectTypeOptions):
 
 
 class SpecialObjectType(ObjectType):
-
     @classmethod
-    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, other_attr='default', **options):
+    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, other_attr="default", **options):
         _meta = SpecialOptions(cls)
         _meta.other_attr = other_attr
-        super(SpecialObjectType, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(_meta=_meta, **options)
+        super(SpecialObjectType, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
+            _meta=_meta, **options
+        )
 
 
 def test_special_objecttype_could_be_subclassed():
     class MyType(SpecialObjectType):
-
         class Meta:
-            other_attr = 'yeah!'
+            other_attr = "yeah!"
 
-    assert MyType._meta.other_attr == 'yeah!'
+    assert MyType._meta.other_attr == "yeah!"
 
 
 def test_special_objecttype_could_be_subclassed_default():
     class MyType(SpecialObjectType):
         pass
 
-    assert MyType._meta.other_attr == 'default'
+    assert MyType._meta.other_attr == "default"
 
 
 def test_special_objecttype_inherit_meta_options():
     class MyType(SpecialObjectType):
         pass
 
-    assert MyType._meta.name == 'MyType'
+    assert MyType._meta.name == "MyType"
     assert MyType._meta.default_resolver is None
     assert MyType._meta.interfaces == ()
 
@@ -51,35 +51,35 @@ class SpecialInputObjectTypeOptions(ObjectTypeOptions):
 
 
 class SpecialInputObjectType(InputObjectType):
-
     @classmethod
-    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, other_attr='default', **options):
+    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, other_attr="default", **options):
         _meta = SpecialInputObjectTypeOptions(cls)
         _meta.other_attr = other_attr
-        super(SpecialInputObjectType, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(_meta=_meta, **options)
+        super(SpecialInputObjectType, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
+            _meta=_meta, **options
+        )
 
 
 def test_special_inputobjecttype_could_be_subclassed():
     class MyInputObjectType(SpecialInputObjectType):
-
         class Meta:
-            other_attr = 'yeah!'
+            other_attr = "yeah!"
 
-    assert MyInputObjectType._meta.other_attr == 'yeah!'
+    assert MyInputObjectType._meta.other_attr == "yeah!"
 
 
 def test_special_inputobjecttype_could_be_subclassed_default():
     class MyInputObjectType(SpecialInputObjectType):
         pass
 
-    assert MyInputObjectType._meta.other_attr == 'default'
+    assert MyInputObjectType._meta.other_attr == "default"
 
 
 def test_special_inputobjecttype_inherit_meta_options():
     class MyInputObjectType(SpecialInputObjectType):
         pass
 
-    assert MyInputObjectType._meta.name == 'MyInputObjectType'
+    assert MyInputObjectType._meta.name == "MyInputObjectType"
 
 
 # Enum
@@ -88,9 +88,8 @@ class SpecialEnumOptions(EnumOptions):
 
 
 class SpecialEnum(Enum):
-
     @classmethod
-    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, other_attr='default', **options):
+    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, other_attr="default", **options):
         _meta = SpecialEnumOptions(cls)
         _meta.other_attr = other_attr
         super(SpecialEnum, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(_meta=_meta, **options)
@@ -98,22 +97,21 @@ class SpecialEnum(Enum):
 
 def test_special_enum_could_be_subclassed():
     class MyEnum(SpecialEnum):
-
         class Meta:
-            other_attr = 'yeah!'
+            other_attr = "yeah!"
 
-    assert MyEnum._meta.other_attr == 'yeah!'
+    assert MyEnum._meta.other_attr == "yeah!"
 
 
 def test_special_enum_could_be_subclassed_default():
     class MyEnum(SpecialEnum):
         pass
 
-    assert MyEnum._meta.other_attr == 'default'
+    assert MyEnum._meta.other_attr == "default"
 
 
 def test_special_enum_inherit_meta_options():
     class MyEnum(SpecialEnum):
         pass
 
-    assert MyEnum._meta.name == 'MyEnum'
+    assert MyEnum._meta.name == "MyEnum"

graphene/tests/issues/test_490.py

@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
 
 
 def test_issue():
-    query_string = '''
+    query_string = """
     query myQuery {
       someField(from: "Oh")
     }
-    '''
+    """
 
     schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
     result = schema.execute(query_string)
 
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data['someField'] == 'Oh'
+    assert result.data["someField"] == "Oh"

graphene/tests/issues/test_720.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/issues/720
+# InputObjectTypes overwrite the "fields" attribute of the provided
+# _meta object, so even if dynamic fields are provided with a standard
+# InputObjectTypeOptions, they are ignored.
+
+import graphene
+
+
+class MyInputClass(graphene.InputObjectType):
+    @classmethod
+    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(
+        cls, container=None, _meta=None, fields=None, **options
+    ):
+        if _meta is None:
+            _meta = graphene.types.inputobjecttype.InputObjectTypeOptions(cls)
+        _meta.fields = fields
+        super(MyInputClass, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
+            container=container, _meta=_meta, **options
+        )
+
+
+class MyInput(MyInputClass):
+    class Meta:
+        fields = dict(x=graphene.Field(graphene.Int))
+
+
+class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
+    myField = graphene.Field(graphene.String, input=graphene.Argument(MyInput))
+
+    def resolve_myField(parent, info, input):
+        return "ok"
+
+
+def test_issue():
+    query_string = """
+    query myQuery {
+      myField(input: {x: 1})
+    }
+    """
+
+    schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
+    result = schema.execute(query_string)
+
+    assert not result.errors

graphene/types/__init__.py

@@ -25,34 +25,33 @@ from .abstracttype import AbstractType
 
 
 __all__ = [
-    'ObjectType',
-    'InputObjectType',
-    'Interface',
-    'Mutation',
-    'Enum',
-    'Field',
-    'InputField',
-    'Schema',
-    'Scalar',
-    'String',
-    'ID',
-    'Int',
-    'Float',
-    'Date',
-    'DateTime',
-    'Time',
-    'Decimal',
-    'JSONString',
-    'UUID',
-    'Boolean',
-    'List',
-    'NonNull',
-    'Argument',
-    'Dynamic',
-    'Union',
-    'Context',
-    'ResolveInfo',
-
+    "ObjectType",
+    "InputObjectType",
+    "Interface",
+    "Mutation",
+    "Enum",
+    "Field",
+    "InputField",
+    "Schema",
+    "Scalar",
+    "String",
+    "ID",
+    "Int",
+    "Float",
+    "Date",
+    "DateTime",
+    "Time",
+    "Decimal",
+    "JSONString",
+    "UUID",
+    "Boolean",
+    "List",
+    "NonNull",
+    "Argument",
+    "Dynamic",
+    "Union",
+    "Context",
+    "ResolveInfo",
     # Deprecated
-    'AbstractType',
+    "AbstractType",
 ]

graphene/types/abstracttype.py

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-from ..utils.subclass_with_meta import SubclassWithMeta
 from ..utils.deprecated import warn_deprecation
+from ..utils.subclass_with_meta import SubclassWithMeta
 
 
 class AbstractType(SubclassWithMeta):
-
     def __init_subclass__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
         warn_deprecation(
             "Abstract type is deprecated, please use normal object inheritance instead.\n"

graphene/types/argument.py

@@ -8,8 +8,15 @@ from .utils import get_type
 
 
 class Argument(MountedType):
-
-    def __init__(self, type, default_value=None, description=None, name=None, required=False, _creation_counter=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        type,
+        default_value=None,
+        description=None,
+        name=None,
+        required=False,
+        _creation_counter=None,
+    ):
         super(Argument, self).__init__(_creation_counter=_creation_counter)
 
         if required:
@@ -26,10 +33,10 @@ class Argument(MountedType):
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         return isinstance(other, Argument) and (
-            self.name == other.name and
-            self.type == other.type and
-            self.default_value == other.default_value and
-            self.description == other.description
+            self.name == other.name
+            and self.type == other.type
+            and self.default_value == other.default_value
+            and self.description == other.description
         )
 
 
@@ -37,6 +44,7 @@ def to_arguments(args, extra_args=None):
     from .unmountedtype import UnmountedType
     from .field import Field
     from .inputfield import InputField
+
     if extra_args:
         extra_args = sorted(extra_args.items(), key=lambda f: f[1])
     else:
@@ -55,17 +63,21 @@ def to_arguments(args, extra_args=None):
             arg = Argument.mounted(arg)
 
         if isinstance(arg, (InputField, Field)):
-            raise ValueError('Expected {} to be Argument, but received {}. Try using Argument({}).'.format(
-                default_name,
-                type(arg).__name__,
-                arg.type
-            ))
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Expected {} to be Argument, but received {}. Try using Argument({}).".format(
+                    default_name, type(arg).__name__, arg.type
+                )
+            )
 
         if not isinstance(arg, Argument):
             raise ValueError('Unknown argument "{}".'.format(default_name))
 
         arg_name = default_name or arg.name
-        assert arg_name not in arguments, 'More than one Argument have same name "{}".'.format(arg_name)
+        assert (
+            arg_name not in arguments
+        ), 'More than one Argument have same name "{}".'.format(
+            arg_name
+        )
         arguments[arg_name] = arg
 
     return arguments

graphene/types/base.py

@@ -18,17 +18,16 @@ class BaseOptions(object):
         if not self._frozen:
             super(BaseOptions, self).__setattr__(name, value)
         else:
-            raise Exception("Can't modify frozen Options {0}".format(self))
+            raise Exception("Can't modify frozen Options {}".format(self))
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return "<{} name={}>".format(self.__class__.__name__, repr(self.name))
 
 
 class BaseType(SubclassWithMeta):
-
     @classmethod
     def create_type(cls, class_name, **options):
-        return type(class_name, (cls, ), {'Meta': options})
+        return type(class_name, (cls,), {"Meta": options})
 
     @classmethod
     def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, name=None, description=None, _meta=None):

graphene/types/datetime.py

@@ -2,26 +2,26 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 import datetime
 
+from aniso8601 import parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_time
 from graphql.language import ast
-from aniso8601 import parse_datetime, parse_date, parse_time
 
 from .scalars import Scalar
 
 
 class Date(Scalar):
-    '''
+    """
     The `Date` scalar type represents a Date
     value as specified by
     [iso8601](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601).
-    '''
+    """
 
     @staticmethod
     def serialize(date):
         if isinstance(date, datetime.datetime):
             date = date.date()
-        assert isinstance(date, datetime.date), (
-            'Received not compatible date "{}"'.format(repr(date))
-        )
+        assert isinstance(
+            date, datetime.date
+        ), 'Received not compatible date "{}"'.format(repr(date))
         return date.isoformat()
 
     @classmethod
@@ -38,17 +38,17 @@ class Date(Scalar):
 
 
 class DateTime(Scalar):
-    '''
+    """
     The `DateTime` scalar type represents a DateTime
     value as specified by
     [iso8601](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601).
-    '''
+    """
 
     @staticmethod
     def serialize(dt):
-        assert isinstance(dt, (datetime.datetime, datetime.date)), (
-            'Received not compatible datetime "{}"'.format(repr(dt))
-        )
+        assert isinstance(
+            dt, (datetime.datetime, datetime.date)
+        ), 'Received not compatible datetime "{}"'.format(repr(dt))
         return dt.isoformat()
 
     @classmethod
@@ -65,17 +65,17 @@ class DateTime(Scalar):
 
 
 class Time(Scalar):
-    '''
+    """
     The `Time` scalar type represents a Time value as
     specified by
     [iso8601](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601).
-    '''
+    """
 
     @staticmethod
     def serialize(time):
-        assert isinstance(time, datetime.time), (
-            'Received not compatible time "{}"'.format(repr(time))
-        )
+        assert isinstance(
+            time, datetime.time
+        ), 'Received not compatible time "{}"'.format(repr(time))
         return time.isoformat()
 
     @classmethod

graphene/types/definitions.py

@@ -1,16 +1,21 @@
-from graphql import (GraphQLEnumType, GraphQLInputObjectType,
-                     GraphQLInterfaceType, GraphQLObjectType,
-                     GraphQLScalarType, GraphQLUnionType)
+from graphql import (
+    GraphQLEnumType,
+    GraphQLInputObjectType,
+    GraphQLInterfaceType,
+    GraphQLObjectType,
+    GraphQLScalarType,
+    GraphQLUnionType,
+)
 
 
 class GrapheneGraphQLType(object):
-    '''
+    """
     A class for extending the base GraphQLType with the related
     graphene_type
-    '''
+    """
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self.graphene_type = kwargs.pop('graphene_type')
+        self.graphene_type = kwargs.pop("graphene_type")
         super(GrapheneGraphQLType, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
 

graphene/types/dynamic.py

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 import inspect
+from functools import partial
 
 from .mountedtype import MountedType
 
 
 class Dynamic(MountedType):
-    '''
+    """
     A Dynamic Type let us get the type in runtime when we generate
     the schema. So we can have lazy fields.
-    '''
+    """
 
     def __init__(self, type, with_schema=False, _creation_counter=None):
         super(Dynamic, self).__init__(_creation_counter=_creation_counter)
-        assert inspect.isfunction(type)
+        assert inspect.isfunction(type) or isinstance(type, partial)
         self.type = type
         self.with_schema = with_schema
 

graphene/types/enum.py

@@ -4,11 +4,10 @@ import six
 
 from graphene.utils.subclass_with_meta import SubclassWithMeta_Meta
 
+from ..pyutils.compat import Enum as PyEnum
 from .base import BaseOptions, BaseType
 from .unmountedtype import UnmountedType
 
-from ..pyutils.compat import Enum as PyEnum
-
 
 def eq_enum(self, other):
     if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
@@ -25,14 +24,15 @@ class EnumOptions(BaseOptions):
 
 
 class EnumMeta(SubclassWithMeta_Meta):
-
     def __new__(cls, name, bases, classdict, **options):
         enum_members = OrderedDict(classdict, __eq__=eq_enum)
         # We remove the Meta attribute from the class to not collide
         # with the enum values.
-        enum_members.pop('Meta', None)
+        enum_members.pop("Meta", None)
         enum = PyEnum(cls.__name__, enum_members)
-        return SubclassWithMeta_Meta.__new__(cls, name, bases, OrderedDict(classdict, __enum__=enum), **options)
+        return SubclassWithMeta_Meta.__new__(
+            cls, name, bases, OrderedDict(classdict, __enum__=enum), **options
+        )
 
     def get(cls, value):
         return cls._meta.enum(value)
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class EnumMeta(SubclassWithMeta_Meta):
 
     def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):  # noqa: N805
         if cls is Enum:
-            description = kwargs.pop('description', None)
+            description = kwargs.pop("description", None)
             return cls.from_enum(PyEnum(*args, **kwargs), description=description)
         return super(EnumMeta, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
         # return cls._meta.enum(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -53,22 +53,21 @@ class EnumMeta(SubclassWithMeta_Meta):
     def from_enum(cls, enum, description=None, deprecation_reason=None):  # noqa: N805
         description = description or enum.__doc__
         meta_dict = {
-            'enum': enum,
-            'description': description,
-            'deprecation_reason': deprecation_reason
+            "enum": enum,
+            "description": description,
+            "deprecation_reason": deprecation_reason,
         }
-        meta_class = type('Meta', (object,), meta_dict)
-        return type(meta_class.enum.__name__, (Enum,), {'Meta': meta_class})
+        meta_class = type("Meta", (object,), meta_dict)
+        return type(meta_class.enum.__name__, (Enum,), {"Meta": meta_class})
 
 
 class Enum(six.with_metaclass(EnumMeta, UnmountedType, BaseType)):
-
     @classmethod
     def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, enum=None, _meta=None, **options):
         if not _meta:
             _meta = EnumOptions(cls)
         _meta.enum = enum or cls.__enum__
-        _meta.deprecation_reason = options.pop('deprecation_reason', None)
+        _meta.deprecation_reason = options.pop("deprecation_reason", None)
         for key, value in _meta.enum.__members__.items():
             setattr(cls, key, value)
 
@@ -76,8 +75,8 @@ class Enum(six.with_metaclass(EnumMeta, UnmountedType, BaseType)):
 
     @classmethod
     def get_type(cls):
-        '''
+        """
         This function is called when the unmounted type (Enum instance)
         is mounted (as a Field, InputField or Argument)
-        '''
+        """
         return cls

graphene/types/field.py

@@ -19,18 +19,27 @@ def source_resolver(source, root, info, **args):
 
 
 class Field(MountedType):
-
-    def __init__(self, type, args=None, resolver=None, source=None,
-                 deprecation_reason=None, name=None, description=None,
-                 required=False, _creation_counter=None, default_value=None,
-                 **extra_args):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        type,
+        args=None,
+        resolver=None,
+        source=None,
+        deprecation_reason=None,
+        name=None,
+        description=None,
+        required=False,
+        _creation_counter=None,
+        default_value=None,
+        **extra_args
+    ):
         super(Field, self).__init__(_creation_counter=_creation_counter)
         assert not args or isinstance(args, Mapping), (
             'Arguments in a field have to be a mapping, received "{}".'
         ).format(args)
-        assert not (source and resolver), (
-            'A Field cannot have a source and a resolver in at the same time.'
-        )
+        assert not (
+            source and resolver
+        ), "A Field cannot have a source and a resolver in at the same time."
         assert not callable(default_value), (
             'The default value can not be a function but received "{}".'
         ).format(base_type(default_value))
@@ -40,12 +49,12 @@ class Field(MountedType):
 
         # Check if name is actually an argument of the field
         if isinstance(name, (Argument, UnmountedType)):
-            extra_args['name'] = name
+            extra_args["name"] = name
             name = None
 
         # Check if source is actually an argument of the field
         if isinstance(source, (Argument, UnmountedType)):
-            extra_args['source'] = source
+            extra_args["source"] = source
             source = None
 
         self.name = name

graphene/types/generic.py

@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
+from graphql.language.ast import (
+    BooleanValue,
+    FloatValue,
+    IntValue,
+    ListValue,
+    ObjectValue,
+    StringValue,
+)
+
 from graphene.types.scalars import MAX_INT, MIN_INT
-from graphql.language.ast import (BooleanValue, FloatValue, IntValue,
-                                  ListValue, ObjectValue, StringValue)
 
 from .scalars import Scalar
 
@@ -34,6 +41,9 @@ class GenericScalar(Scalar):
         elif isinstance(ast, ListValue):
             return [GenericScalar.parse_literal(value) for value in ast.values]
         elif isinstance(ast, ObjectValue):
-            return {field.name.value: GenericScalar.parse_literal(field.value) for field in ast.fields}
+            return {
+                field.name.value: GenericScalar.parse_literal(field.value)
+                for field in ast.fields
+            }
         else:
             return None

graphene/types/inputfield.py

@@ -4,10 +4,17 @@ from .utils import get_type
 
 
 class InputField(MountedType):
-
-    def __init__(self, type, name=None, default_value=None,
-                 deprecation_reason=None, description=None,
-                 required=False, _creation_counter=None, **extra_args):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        type,
+        name=None,
+        default_value=None,
+        deprecation_reason=None,
+        description=None,
+        required=False,
+        _creation_counter=None,
+        **extra_args
+    ):
         super(InputField, self).__init__(_creation_counter=_creation_counter)
         self.name = name
         if required:

graphene/types/inputobjecttype.py

@@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ class InputObjectTypeContainer(dict, BaseType):
 
 
 class InputObjectType(UnmountedType, BaseType):
-    '''
+    """
     Input Object Type Definition
 
     An input object defines a structured collection of fields which may be
     supplied to a field argument.
 
     Using `NonNull` will ensure that a value must be provided by the query
-    '''
+    """
 
     @classmethod
     def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, container=None, _meta=None, **options):
@@ -46,21 +46,21 @@ class InputObjectType(UnmountedType, BaseType):
 
         fields = OrderedDict()
         for base in reversed(cls.__mro__):
-            fields.update(
-                yank_fields_from_attrs(base.__dict__, _as=InputField)
-            )
+            fields.update(yank_fields_from_attrs(base.__dict__, _as=InputField))
 
-        _meta.fields = fields
+        if _meta.fields:
+            _meta.fields.update(fields)
+        else:
+            _meta.fields = fields
         if container is None:
             container = type(cls.__name__, (InputObjectTypeContainer, cls), {})
         _meta.container = container
-        super(InputObjectType, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
-            _meta=_meta, **options)
+        super(InputObjectType, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(_meta=_meta, **options)
 
     @classmethod
     def get_type(cls):
-        '''
+        """
         This function is called when the unmounted type (InputObjectType instance)
         is mounted (as a Field, InputField or Argument)
-        '''
+        """
         return cls

graphene/types/interface.py

@@ -15,14 +15,15 @@ class InterfaceOptions(BaseOptions):
 
 
 class Interface(BaseType):
-    '''
+    """
     Interface Type Definition
 
     When a field can return one of a heterogeneous set of types, a Interface type
     is used to describe what types are possible, what fields are in common across
     all types, as well as a function to determine which type is actually used
     when the field is resolved.
-    '''
+    """
+
     @classmethod
     def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, _meta=None, **options):
         if not _meta:
@@ -30,9 +31,7 @@ class Interface(BaseType):
 
         fields = OrderedDict()
         for base in reversed(cls.__mro__):
-            fields.update(
-                yank_fields_from_attrs(base.__dict__, _as=Field)
-            )
+            fields.update(yank_fields_from_attrs(base.__dict__, _as=Field))
 
         if _meta.fields:
             _meta.fields.update(fields)
@@ -44,6 +43,7 @@ class Interface(BaseType):
     @classmethod
     def resolve_type(cls, instance, info):
         from .objecttype import ObjectType
+
         if isinstance(instance, ObjectType):
             return type(instance)
 

graphene/types/json.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from .scalars import Scalar
 
 
 class JSONString(Scalar):
-    '''JSON String'''
+    """JSON String"""
 
     @staticmethod
     def serialize(dt):

graphene/types/mountedtype.py

@@ -3,15 +3,14 @@ from .unmountedtype import UnmountedType
 
 
 class MountedType(OrderedType):
-
     @classmethod
     def mounted(cls, unmounted):  # noqa: N802
-        '''
+        """
         Mount the UnmountedType instance
-        '''
-        assert isinstance(unmounted, UnmountedType), (
-            '{} can\'t mount {}'
-        ).format(cls.__name__, repr(unmounted))
+        """
+        assert isinstance(unmounted, UnmountedType), ("{} can't mount {}").format(
+            cls.__name__, repr(unmounted)
+        )
 
         return cls(
             unmounted.get_type(),

graphene/types/mutation.py

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
+from ..utils.deprecated import warn_deprecation
 from ..utils.get_unbound_function import get_unbound_function
 from ..utils.props import props
 from .field import Field
 from .objecttype import ObjectType, ObjectTypeOptions
 from .utils import yank_fields_from_attrs
-from ..utils.deprecated import warn_deprecation
-
 
 # For static type checking with Mypy
 MYPY = False
@@ -22,37 +21,39 @@ class MutationOptions(ObjectTypeOptions):
 
 
 class Mutation(ObjectType):
-    '''
+    """
     Mutation Type Definition
-    '''
+    """
+
     @classmethod
-    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, resolver=None, output=None, arguments=None,
-                                    _meta=None, **options):
+    def __init_subclass_with_meta__(
+        cls, resolver=None, output=None, arguments=None, _meta=None, **options
+    ):
         if not _meta:
             _meta = MutationOptions(cls)
 
-        output = output or getattr(cls, 'Output', None)
+        output = output or getattr(cls, "Output", None)
         fields = {}
         if not output:
             # If output is defined, we don't need to get the fields
             fields = OrderedDict()
             for base in reversed(cls.__mro__):
-                fields.update(
-                    yank_fields_from_attrs(base.__dict__, _as=Field)
-                )
+                fields.update(yank_fields_from_attrs(base.__dict__, _as=Field))
             output = cls
 
         if not arguments:
-            input_class = getattr(cls, 'Arguments', None)
+            input_class = getattr(cls, "Arguments", None)
             if not input_class:
-                input_class = getattr(cls, 'Input', None)
+                input_class = getattr(cls, "Input", None)
                 if input_class:
-                    warn_deprecation((
-                        "Please use {name}.Arguments instead of {name}.Input."
-                        "Input is now only used in ClientMutationID.\n"
-                        "Read more:"
-                        " https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/blob/v2.0.0/UPGRADE-v2.0.md#mutation-input"
-                    ).format(name=cls.__name__))
+                    warn_deprecation(
+                        (
+                            "Please use {name}.Arguments instead of {name}.Input."
+                            "Input is now only used in ClientMutationID.\n"
+                            "Read more:"
+                            " https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/blob/v2.0.0/UPGRADE-v2.0.md#mutation-input"
+                        ).format(name=cls.__name__)
+                    )
 
             if input_class:
                 arguments = props(input_class)
@@ -60,8 +61,8 @@ class Mutation(ObjectType):
                 arguments = {}
 
         if not resolver:
-            mutate = getattr(cls, 'mutate', None)
-            assert mutate, 'All mutations must define a mutate method in it'
+            mutate = getattr(cls, "mutate", None)
+            assert mutate, "All mutations must define a mutate method in it"
             resolver = get_unbound_function(mutate)
 
         if _meta.fields:
@@ -73,11 +74,12 @@ class Mutation(ObjectType):
         _meta.resolver = resolver
         _meta.arguments = arguments
 
-        super(Mutation, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(
-            _meta=_meta, **options)
+        super(Mutation, cls).__init_subclass_with_meta__(_meta=_meta, **options)
 
     @classmethod
-    def Field(cls, name=None, description=None, deprecation_reason=None, required=False):
+    def Field(
+        cls, name=None, description=None, deprecation_reason=None, required=False
+    ):
         return Field(
             cls._meta.output,
             args=cls._meta.arguments,

graphene/types/objecttype.py

@@ -17,17 +17,22 @@ class ObjectTypeOptions(BaseOptions):
 
 
 class ObjectType(BaseType):
-    '''
+    """
     Object Type Definition
 
     Almost all of the GraphQL types you define will be object types. Object types
     have a name, but most importantly describe their fields.
-    '''
+    """
+
     @classmethod
     def __init_subclass_with_meta__(
-            cls, interfaces=(),
-            possible_types=(),
-            default_resolver=None, _meta=None, **options):
+        cls,
+        interfaces=(),
+        possible_types=(),
+        default_resolver=None,
+        _meta=None,
+        **options
+    ):
         if not _meta:
             _meta = ObjectTypeOptions(cls)
 
@@ -40,13 +45,11 @@ class ObjectType(BaseType):
             fields.update(interface._meta.fields)
 
         for base in reversed(cls.__mro__):
-            fields.update(
-                yank_fields_from_attrs(base.__dict__, _as=Field)
-            )
+            fields.update(yank_fields_from_attrs(base.__dict__, _as=Field))
 
         assert not (possible_types and cls.is_type_of), (
-            '{name}.Meta.possible_types will cause type collision with {name}.is_type_of. '
-            'Please use one or other.'
+            "{name}.Meta.possible_types will cause type collision with {name}.is_type_of. "
+            "Please use one or other."
         ).format(name=cls.__name__)
 
         if _meta.fields:
@@ -82,8 +85,7 @@ class ObjectType(BaseType):
         for name, field in fields_iter:
             try:
                 val = kwargs.pop(
-                    name,
-                    field.default_value if isinstance(field, Field) else None
+                    name, field.default_value if isinstance(field, Field) else None
                 )
                 setattr(self, name, val)
             except KeyError:
@@ -92,14 +94,15 @@ class ObjectType(BaseType):
         if kwargs:
             for prop in list(kwargs):
                 try:
-                    if isinstance(getattr(self.__class__, prop), property) or prop.startswith('_'):
+                    if isinstance(
+                        getattr(self.__class__, prop), property
+                    ) or prop.startswith("_"):
                         setattr(self, prop, kwargs.pop(prop))
                 except AttributeError:
                     pass
             if kwargs:
                 raise TypeError(
                     "'{}' is an invalid keyword argument for {}".format(
-                        list(kwargs)[0],
-                        self.__class__.__name__
+                        list(kwargs)[0], self.__class__.__name__
                     )
                 )

graphene/types/resolver.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ default_resolver = attr_resolver
 
 def set_default_resolver(resolver):
     global default_resolver
-    assert callable(resolver), 'Received non-callable resolver.'
+    assert callable(resolver), "Received non-callable resolver."
     default_resolver = resolver
 
 

graphene/types/scalars.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import six
-
-from graphql.language.ast import (BooleanValue, FloatValue, IntValue,
-                                  StringValue)
+from graphql.language.ast import BooleanValue, FloatValue, IntValue, StringValue
 
 from .base import BaseOptions, BaseType
 from .unmountedtype import UnmountedType
@@ -12,13 +10,14 @@ class ScalarOptions(BaseOptions):
 
 
 class Scalar(UnmountedType, BaseType):
-    '''
+    """
     Scalar Type Definition
 
     The leaf values of any request and input values to arguments are
     Scalars (or Enums) and are defined with a name and a series of functions
     used to parse input from ast or variables and to ensure validity.
-    '''
+    """
+
     @classmethod
     def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, **options):
         _meta = ScalarOptions(cls)
@@ -30,10 +29,10 @@ class Scalar(UnmountedType, BaseType):
 
     @classmethod
     def get_type(cls):
-        '''
+        """
         This function is called when the unmounted type (Scalar instance)
         is mounted (as a Field, InputField or Argument)
-        '''
+        """
         return cls
 
 
@@ -47,12 +46,12 @@ MIN_INT = -2147483648
 
 
 class Int(Scalar):
-    '''
+    """
     The `Int` scalar type represents non-fractional signed whole numeric
     values. Int can represent values between -(2^53 - 1) and 2^53 - 1 since
     represented in JSON as double-precision floating point numbers specified
     by [IEEE 754](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_floating_point).
-    '''
+    """
 
     @staticmethod
     def coerce_int(value):
@@ -78,11 +77,11 @@ class Int(Scalar):
 
 
 class Float(Scalar):
-    '''
+    """
     The `Float` scalar type represents signed double-precision fractional
     values as specified by
     [IEEE 754](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_floating_point).
-    '''
+    """
 
     @staticmethod
     def coerce_float(value):
@@ -102,16 +101,16 @@ class Float(Scalar):
 
 
 class String(Scalar):
-    '''
+    """
     The `String` scalar type represents textual data, represented as UTF-8
     character sequences. The String type is most often used by GraphQL to
     represent free-form human-readable text.
-    '''
+    """
 
     @staticmethod
     def coerce_string(value):
         if isinstance(value, bool):
-            return u'true' if value else u'false'
+            return u"true" if value else u"false"
         return six.text_type(value)
 
     serialize = coerce_string
@@ -124,9 +123,9 @@ class String(Scalar):
 
 
 class Boolean(Scalar):
-    '''
+    """
     The `Boolean` scalar type represents `true` or `false`.
-    '''
+    """
 
     serialize = bool
     parse_value = bool
@@ -138,13 +137,13 @@ class Boolean(Scalar):
 
 
 class ID(Scalar):
-    '''
+    """
     The `ID` scalar type represents a unique identifier, often used to
     refetch an object or as key for a cache. The ID type appears in a JSON
     response as a String; however, it is not intended to be human-readable.
     When expected as an input type, any string (such as `"4"`) or integer
     (such as `4`) input value will be accepted as an ID.
-    '''
+    """
 
     serialize = str
     parse_value = str

graphene/types/schema.py

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 import inspect
 
-from graphql import GraphQLSchema, graphql, is_type, GraphQLObjectType
-from graphql.type.directives import (GraphQLDirective, GraphQLIncludeDirective,
-                                     GraphQLSkipDirective)
+from graphql import GraphQLObjectType, GraphQLSchema, graphql, is_type
+from graphql.type.directives import (
+    GraphQLDirective,
+    GraphQLIncludeDirective,
+    GraphQLSkipDirective,
+)
 from graphql.type.introspection import IntrospectionSchema
 from graphql.utils.introspection_query import introspection_query
 from graphql.utils.schema_printer import print_schema
@@ -15,8 +18,7 @@ from .typemap import TypeMap, is_graphene_type
 def assert_valid_root_type(_type):
     if _type is None:
         return
-    is_graphene_objecttype = inspect.isclass(
-        _type) and issubclass(_type, ObjectType)
+    is_graphene_objecttype = inspect.isclass(_type) and issubclass(_type, ObjectType)
     is_graphql_objecttype = isinstance(_type, GraphQLObjectType)
     assert is_graphene_objecttype or is_graphql_objecttype, (
         "Type {} is not a valid ObjectType."
@@ -24,20 +26,22 @@ def assert_valid_root_type(_type):
 
 
 class Schema(GraphQLSchema):
-    '''
+    """
     Schema Definition
 
     A Schema is created by supplying the root types of each type of operation,
     query and mutation (optional).
-    '''
+    """
 
-    def __init__(self,
-                 query=None,
-                 mutation=None,
-                 subscription=None,
-                 directives=None,
-                 types=None,
-                 auto_camelcase=True):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        query=None,
+        mutation=None,
+        subscription=None,
+        directives=None,
+        types=None,
+        auto_camelcase=True,
+    ):
         assert_valid_root_type(query)
         assert_valid_root_type(mutation)
         assert_valid_root_type(subscription)
@@ -49,9 +53,10 @@ class Schema(GraphQLSchema):
         if directives is None:
             directives = [GraphQLIncludeDirective, GraphQLSkipDirective]
 
-        assert all(isinstance(d, GraphQLDirective) for d in directives), \
-            'Schema directives must be List[GraphQLDirective] if provided but got: {}.'.format(
-                directives
+        assert all(
+            isinstance(d, GraphQLDirective) for d in directives
+        ), "Schema directives must be List[GraphQLDirective] if provided but got: {}.".format(
+            directives
         )
         self._directives = directives
         self.build_typemap()
@@ -66,16 +71,15 @@ class Schema(GraphQLSchema):
         return self.get_graphql_type(self._subscription)
 
     def __getattr__(self, type_name):
-        '''
+        """
         This function let the developer select a type in a given schema
         by accessing its attrs.
 
         Example: using schema.Query for accessing the "Query" type in the Schema
-        '''
+        """
         _type = super(Schema, self).get_type(type_name)
         if _type is None:
-            raise AttributeError(
-                'Type "{}" not found in the Schema'.format(type_name))
+            raise AttributeError('Type "{}" not found in the Schema'.format(type_name))
         if isinstance(_type, GrapheneGraphQLType):
             return _type.graphene_type
         return _type
@@ -88,7 +92,8 @@ class Schema(GraphQLSchema):
         if is_graphene_type(_type):
             graphql_type = self.get_type(_type._meta.name)
             assert graphql_type, "Type {} not found in this schema.".format(
-                _type._meta.name)
+                _type._meta.name
+            )
             assert graphql_type.graphene_type == _type
             return graphql_type
         raise Exception("{} is not a valid GraphQL type.".format(_type))
@@ -113,12 +118,10 @@ class Schema(GraphQLSchema):
             self._query,
             self._mutation,
             self._subscription,
-            IntrospectionSchema
+            IntrospectionSchema,
         ]
         if self.types:
             initial_types += self.types
         self._type_map = TypeMap(
-            initial_types,
-            auto_camelcase=self.auto_camelcase,
-            schema=self
+            initial_types, auto_camelcase=self.auto_camelcase, schema=self
         )

graphene/types/structures.py

@@ -3,22 +3,21 @@ from .utils import get_type
 
 
 class Structure(UnmountedType):
-    '''
+    """
     A structure is a GraphQL type instance that
     wraps a main type with certain structure.
-    '''
+    """
 
     def __init__(self, of_type, *args, **kwargs):
         super(Structure, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         if not isinstance(of_type, Structure) and isinstance(of_type, UnmountedType):
             cls_name = type(self).__name__
             of_type_name = type(of_type).__name__
-            raise Exception("{} could not have a mounted {}() as inner type. Try with {}({}).".format(
-                cls_name,
-                of_type_name,
-                cls_name,
-                of_type_name,
-            ))
+            raise Exception(
+                "{} could not have a mounted {}() as inner type. Try with {}({}).".format(
+                    cls_name, of_type_name, cls_name, of_type_name
+                )
+            )
         self._of_type = of_type
 
     @property
@@ -26,35 +25,35 @@ class Structure(UnmountedType):
         return get_type(self._of_type)
 
     def get_type(self):
-        '''
+        """
         This function is called when the unmounted type (List or NonNull instance)
         is mounted (as a Field, InputField or Argument)
-        '''
+        """
         return self
 
 
 class List(Structure):
-    '''
+    """
     List Modifier
 
     A list is a kind of type marker, a wrapping type which points to another
     type. Lists are often created within the context of defining the fields of
     an object type.
-    '''
+    """
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return '[{}]'.format(self.of_type)
+        return "[{}]".format(self.of_type)
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         return isinstance(other, List) and (
-            self.of_type == other.of_type and
-            self.args == other.args and
-            self.kwargs == other.kwargs
+            self.of_type == other.of_type
+            and self.args == other.args
+            and self.kwargs == other.kwargs
         )
 
 
 class NonNull(Structure):
-    '''
+    """
     Non-Null Modifier
 
     A non-null is a kind of type marker, a wrapping type which points to another
@@ -64,20 +63,20 @@ class NonNull(Structure):
     usually the id field of a database row will never be null.
 
     Note: the enforcement of non-nullability occurs within the executor.
-    '''
+    """
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super(NonNull, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         assert not isinstance(self._of_type, NonNull), (
-            'Can only create NonNull of a Nullable GraphQLType but got: {}.'
+            "Can only create NonNull of a Nullable GraphQLType but got: {}."
         ).format(self._of_type)
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return '{}!'.format(self.of_type)
+        return "{}!".format(self.of_type)
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         return isinstance(other, NonNull) and (
-            self.of_type == other.of_type and
-            self.args == other.args and
-            self.kwargs == other.kwargs
+            self.of_type == other.of_type
+            and self.args == other.args
+            and self.kwargs == other.kwargs
         )

graphene/types/tests/test_abstracttype.py

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-import pytest
-
+from .. import abstracttype
+from ..abstracttype import AbstractType
+from ..field import Field
 from ..objecttype import ObjectType
 from ..unmountedtype import UnmountedType
-from ..abstracttype import AbstractType
-from .. import abstracttype
-from ..field import Field
 
 
 class MyType(ObjectType):
@@ -12,13 +10,12 @@ class MyType(ObjectType):
 
 
 class MyScalar(UnmountedType):
-
     def get_type(self):
         return MyType
 
 
 def test_abstract_objecttype_warn_deprecation(mocker):
-    mocker.patch.object(abstracttype, 'warn_deprecation')
+    mocker.patch.object(abstracttype, "warn_deprecation")
 
     class MyAbstractType(AbstractType):
         field1 = MyScalar()
@@ -36,5 +33,5 @@ def test_generate_objecttype_inherit_abstracttype():
     assert MyObjectType._meta.description is None
     assert MyObjectType._meta.interfaces == ()
     assert MyObjectType._meta.name == "MyObjectType"
-    assert list(MyObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ['field1', 'field2']
+    assert list(MyObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ["field1", "field2"]
     assert list(map(type, MyObjectType._meta.fields.values())) == [Field, Field]

graphene/types/tests/test_argument.py

@@ -10,16 +10,16 @@ from ..structures import NonNull
 
 
 def test_argument():
-    arg = Argument(String, default_value='a', description='desc', name='b')
+    arg = Argument(String, default_value="a", description="desc", name="b")
     assert arg.type == String
-    assert arg.default_value == 'a'
-    assert arg.description == 'desc'
-    assert arg.name == 'b'
+    assert arg.default_value == "a"
+    assert arg.description == "desc"
+    assert arg.name == "b"
 
 
 def test_argument_comparasion():
-    arg1 = Argument(String, name='Hey', description='Desc', default_value='default')
-    arg2 = Argument(String, name='Hey', description='Desc', default_value='default')
+    arg1 = Argument(String, name="Hey", description="Desc", default_value="default")
+    arg2 = Argument(String, name="Hey", description="Desc", default_value="default")
 
     assert arg1 == arg2
     assert arg1 != String()
@@ -31,38 +31,37 @@ def test_argument_required():
 
 
 def test_to_arguments():
-    args = {
-        'arg_string': Argument(String),
-        'unmounted_arg': String(required=True)
-    }
+    args = {"arg_string": Argument(String), "unmounted_arg": String(required=True)}
 
     my_args = to_arguments(args)
     assert my_args == {
-        'arg_string': Argument(String),
-        'unmounted_arg': Argument(String, required=True)
+        "arg_string": Argument(String),
+        "unmounted_arg": Argument(String, required=True),
     }
 
 
 def test_to_arguments_raises_if_field():
-    args = {
-        'arg_string': Field(String),
-    }
+    args = {"arg_string": Field(String)}
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
         to_arguments(args)
 
-    assert str(exc_info.value) == 'Expected arg_string to be Argument, but received Field. Try using Argument(String).'
+    assert str(exc_info.value) == (
+        "Expected arg_string to be Argument, but received Field. Try using "
+        "Argument(String)."
+    )
 
 
 def test_to_arguments_raises_if_inputfield():
-    args = {
-        'arg_string': InputField(String),
-    }
+    args = {"arg_string": InputField(String)}
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
         to_arguments(args)
 
-    assert str(exc_info.value) == 'Expected arg_string to be Argument, but received InputField. Try using Argument(String).'
+    assert str(exc_info.value) == (
+        "Expected arg_string to be Argument, but received InputField. Try "
+        "using Argument(String)."
+    )
 
 
 def test_argument_with_lazy_type():

graphene/types/tests/test_base.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-import pytest
-
-from ..base import BaseType, BaseOptions
+from ..base import BaseOptions, BaseType
 
 
 class CustomOptions(BaseOptions):
@@ -17,7 +15,7 @@ class CustomType(BaseType):
 def test_basetype():
     class MyBaseType(CustomType):
         pass
-    
+
     assert isinstance(MyBaseType._meta, CustomOptions)
     assert MyBaseType._meta.name == "MyBaseType"
     assert MyBaseType._meta.description is None
@@ -25,7 +23,8 @@ def test_basetype():
 
 def test_basetype_nones():
     class MyBaseType(CustomType):
-        '''Documentation'''
+        """Documentation"""
+
         class Meta:
             name = None
             description = None
@@ -37,10 +36,11 @@ def test_basetype_nones():
 
 def test_basetype_custom():
     class MyBaseType(CustomType):
-        '''Documentation'''
+        """Documentation"""
+
         class Meta:
-            name = 'Base'
-            description = 'Desc'
+            name = "Base"
+            description = "Desc"
 
     assert isinstance(MyBaseType._meta, CustomOptions)
     assert MyBaseType._meta.name == "Base"
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def test_basetype_custom():
 
 
 def test_basetype_create():
-    MyBaseType = CustomType.create_type('MyBaseType')
+    MyBaseType = CustomType.create_type("MyBaseType")
 
     assert isinstance(MyBaseType._meta, CustomOptions)
     assert MyBaseType._meta.name == "MyBaseType"
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def test_basetype_create():
 
 
 def test_basetype_create_extra():
-    MyBaseType = CustomType.create_type('MyBaseType', name='Base', description='Desc')
+    MyBaseType = CustomType.create_type("MyBaseType", name="Base", description="Desc")
 
     assert isinstance(MyBaseType._meta, CustomOptions)
     assert MyBaseType._meta.name == "Base"

graphene/types/tests/test_datetime.py

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 import datetime
 
 import pytz
-
 from graphql import GraphQLError
 
-from ..datetime import DateTime, Date, Time
+from ..datetime import Date, DateTime, Time
 from ..objecttype import ObjectType
 from ..schema import Schema
 
 
 class Query(ObjectType):
-    datetime = DateTime(_in=DateTime(name='in'))
-    date = Date(_in=Date(name='in'))
-    time = Time(_at=Time(name='at'))
+    datetime = DateTime(_in=DateTime(name="in"))
+    date = Date(_in=Date(name="in"))
+    time = Time(_at=Time(name="at"))
 
     def resolve_datetime(self, info, _in=None):
         return _in
@@ -31,66 +30,70 @@ def test_datetime_query():
     now = datetime.datetime.now().replace(tzinfo=pytz.utc)
     isoformat = now.isoformat()
 
-    result = schema.execute('''{ datetime(in: "%s") }''' % isoformat)
+    result = schema.execute("""{ datetime(in: "%s") }""" % isoformat)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'datetime': isoformat}
+    assert result.data == {"datetime": isoformat}
 
 
 def test_date_query():
     now = datetime.datetime.now().replace(tzinfo=pytz.utc).date()
     isoformat = now.isoformat()
 
-    result = schema.execute('''{ date(in: "%s") }''' % isoformat)
+    result = schema.execute("""{ date(in: "%s") }""" % isoformat)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'date': isoformat}
+    assert result.data == {"date": isoformat}
 
 
 def test_time_query():
     now = datetime.datetime.now().replace(tzinfo=pytz.utc)
-    time = datetime.time(now.hour, now.minute, now.second, now.microsecond,
-                         now.tzinfo)
+    time = datetime.time(now.hour, now.minute, now.second, now.microsecond, now.tzinfo)
     isoformat = time.isoformat()
 
-    result = schema.execute('''{ time(at: "%s") }''' % isoformat)
+    result = schema.execute("""{ time(at: "%s") }""" % isoformat)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'time': isoformat}
+    assert result.data == {"time": isoformat}
+
 
 def test_bad_datetime_query():
     not_a_date = "Some string that's not a date"
 
-    result = schema.execute('''{ datetime(in: "%s") }''' % not_a_date)
-    
+    result = schema.execute("""{ datetime(in: "%s") }""" % not_a_date)
+
     assert len(result.errors) == 1
     assert isinstance(result.errors[0], GraphQLError)
-    assert result.data == None
+    assert result.data is None
+
 
 def test_bad_date_query():
     not_a_date = "Some string that's not a date"
-    
-    result = schema.execute('''{ date(in: "%s") }''' % not_a_date)
-    
+
+    result = schema.execute("""{ date(in: "%s") }""" % not_a_date)
+
     assert len(result.errors) == 1
     assert isinstance(result.errors[0], GraphQLError)
-    assert result.data == None
+    assert result.data is None
+
 
 def test_bad_time_query():
     not_a_date = "Some string that's not a date"
 
-    result = schema.execute('''{ time(at: "%s") }''' % not_a_date)
+    result = schema.execute("""{ time(at: "%s") }""" % not_a_date)
 
     assert len(result.errors) == 1
     assert isinstance(result.errors[0], GraphQLError)
-    assert result.data == None
+    assert result.data is None
+
 
 def test_datetime_query_variable():
     now = datetime.datetime.now().replace(tzinfo=pytz.utc)
     isoformat = now.isoformat()
 
     result = schema.execute(
-        '''query Test($date: DateTime){ datetime(in: $date) }''',
-        variable_values={'date': isoformat})
+        """query Test($date: DateTime){ datetime(in: $date) }""",
+        variable_values={"date": isoformat},
+    )
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'datetime': isoformat}
+    assert result.data == {"datetime": isoformat}
 
 
 def test_date_query_variable():
@@ -98,20 +101,21 @@ def test_date_query_variable():
     isoformat = now.isoformat()
 
     result = schema.execute(
-        '''query Test($date: Date){ date(in: $date) }''',
-        variable_values={'date': isoformat})
+        """query Test($date: Date){ date(in: $date) }""",
+        variable_values={"date": isoformat},
+    )
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'date': isoformat}
+    assert result.data == {"date": isoformat}
 
 
 def test_time_query_variable():
     now = datetime.datetime.now().replace(tzinfo=pytz.utc)
-    time = datetime.time(now.hour, now.minute, now.second, now.microsecond,
-                         now.tzinfo)
+    time = datetime.time(now.hour, now.minute, now.second, now.microsecond, now.tzinfo)
     isoformat = time.isoformat()
 
     result = schema.execute(
-        '''query Test($time: Time){ time(at: $time) }''',
-        variable_values={'time': isoformat})
+        """query Test($time: Time){ time(at: $time) }""",
+        variable_values={"time": isoformat},
+    )
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'time': isoformat}
+    assert result.data == {"time": isoformat}

graphene/types/tests/test_definition.py

@@ -56,13 +56,12 @@ class MyInterface(Interface):
 
 
 class MyUnion(Union):
-
     class Meta:
-        types = (Article, )
+        types = (Article,)
 
 
 class MyEnum(Enum):
-    foo = 'foo'
+    foo = "foo"
 
 
 class MyInputObjectType(InputObjectType):
@@ -74,24 +73,24 @@ def test_defines_a_query_only_schema():
 
     assert blog_schema.get_query_type().graphene_type == Query
 
-    article_field = Query._meta.fields['article']
+    article_field = Query._meta.fields["article"]
     assert article_field.type == Article
-    assert article_field.type._meta.name == 'Article'
+    assert article_field.type._meta.name == "Article"
 
     article_field_type = article_field.type
     assert issubclass(article_field_type, ObjectType)
 
-    title_field = article_field_type._meta.fields['title']
+    title_field = article_field_type._meta.fields["title"]
     assert title_field.type == String
 
-    author_field = article_field_type._meta.fields['author']
+    author_field = article_field_type._meta.fields["author"]
     author_field_type = author_field.type
     assert issubclass(author_field_type, ObjectType)
-    recent_article_field = author_field_type._meta.fields['recent_article']
+    recent_article_field = author_field_type._meta.fields["recent_article"]
 
     assert recent_article_field.type == Article
 
-    feed_field = Query._meta.fields['feed']
+    feed_field = Query._meta.fields["feed"]
     assert feed_field.type.of_type == Article
 
 
@@ -100,9 +99,9 @@ def test_defines_a_mutation_schema():
 
     assert blog_schema.get_mutation_type().graphene_type == Mutation
 
-    write_mutation = Mutation._meta.fields['write_article']
+    write_mutation = Mutation._meta.fields["write_article"]
     assert write_mutation.type == Article
-    assert write_mutation.type._meta.name == 'Article'
+    assert write_mutation.type._meta.name == "Article"
 
 
 def test_defines_a_subscription_schema():
@@ -110,9 +109,9 @@ def test_defines_a_subscription_schema():
 
     assert blog_schema.get_subscription_type().graphene_type == Subscription
 
-    subscription = Subscription._meta.fields['article_subscribe']
+    subscription = Subscription._meta.fields["article_subscribe"]
     assert subscription.type == Article
-    assert subscription.type._meta.name == 'Article'
+    assert subscription.type._meta.name == "Article"
 
 
 def test_includes_nested_input_objects_in_the_map():
@@ -128,13 +127,9 @@ def test_includes_nested_input_objects_in_the_map():
     class SomeSubscription(Mutation):
         subscribe_to_something = Field(Article, input=Argument(SomeInputObject))
 
-    schema = Schema(
-        query=Query,
-        mutation=SomeMutation,
-        subscription=SomeSubscription
-    )
+    schema = Schema(query=Query, mutation=SomeMutation, subscription=SomeSubscription)
 
-    assert schema.get_type_map()['NestedInputObject'].graphene_type is NestedInputObject
+    assert schema.get_type_map()["NestedInputObject"].graphene_type is NestedInputObject
 
 
 def test_includes_interfaces_thunk_subtypes_in_the_type_map():
@@ -142,19 +137,15 @@ def test_includes_interfaces_thunk_subtypes_in_the_type_map():
         f = Int()
 
     class SomeSubtype(ObjectType):
-
         class Meta:
-            interfaces = (SomeInterface, )
+            interfaces = (SomeInterface,)
 
     class Query(ObjectType):
         iface = Field(lambda: SomeInterface)
 
-    schema = Schema(
-        query=Query,
-        types=[SomeSubtype]
-    )
+    schema = Schema(query=Query, types=[SomeSubtype])
 
-    assert schema.get_type_map()['SomeSubtype'].graphene_type is SomeSubtype
+    assert schema.get_type_map()["SomeSubtype"].graphene_type is SomeSubtype
 
 
 def test_includes_types_in_union():
@@ -165,19 +156,16 @@ def test_includes_types_in_union():
         b = String()
 
     class MyUnion(Union):
-
         class Meta:
             types = (SomeType, OtherType)
 
     class Query(ObjectType):
         union = Field(MyUnion)
 
-    schema = Schema(
-        query=Query,
-    )
+    schema = Schema(query=Query)
 
-    assert schema.get_type_map()['OtherType'].graphene_type is OtherType
-    assert schema.get_type_map()['SomeType'].graphene_type is SomeType
+    assert schema.get_type_map()["OtherType"].graphene_type is OtherType
+    assert schema.get_type_map()["SomeType"].graphene_type is SomeType
 
 
 def test_maps_enum():
@@ -188,19 +176,16 @@ def test_maps_enum():
         b = String()
 
     class MyUnion(Union):
-
         class Meta:
             types = (SomeType, OtherType)
 
     class Query(ObjectType):
         union = Field(MyUnion)
 
-    schema = Schema(
-        query=Query,
-    )
+    schema = Schema(query=Query)
 
-    assert schema.get_type_map()['OtherType'].graphene_type is OtherType
-    assert schema.get_type_map()['SomeType'].graphene_type is SomeType
+    assert schema.get_type_map()["OtherType"].graphene_type is OtherType
+    assert schema.get_type_map()["SomeType"].graphene_type is SomeType
 
 
 def test_includes_interfaces_subtypes_in_the_type_map():
@@ -208,33 +193,29 @@ def test_includes_interfaces_subtypes_in_the_type_map():
         f = Int()
 
     class SomeSubtype(ObjectType):
-
         class Meta:
-            interfaces = (SomeInterface, )
+            interfaces = (SomeInterface,)
 
     class Query(ObjectType):
         iface = Field(SomeInterface)
 
-    schema = Schema(
-        query=Query,
-        types=[SomeSubtype]
-    )
+    schema = Schema(query=Query, types=[SomeSubtype])
 
-    assert schema.get_type_map()['SomeSubtype'].graphene_type is SomeSubtype
+    assert schema.get_type_map()["SomeSubtype"].graphene_type is SomeSubtype
 
 
 def test_stringifies_simple_types():
-    assert str(Int) == 'Int'
-    assert str(Article) == 'Article'
-    assert str(MyInterface) == 'MyInterface'
-    assert str(MyUnion) == 'MyUnion'
-    assert str(MyEnum) == 'MyEnum'
-    assert str(MyInputObjectType) == 'MyInputObjectType'
-    assert str(NonNull(Int)) == 'Int!'
-    assert str(List(Int)) == '[Int]'
-    assert str(NonNull(List(Int))) == '[Int]!'
-    assert str(List(NonNull(Int))) == '[Int!]'
-    assert str(List(List(Int))) == '[[Int]]'
+    assert str(Int) == "Int"
+    assert str(Article) == "Article"
+    assert str(MyInterface) == "MyInterface"
+    assert str(MyUnion) == "MyUnion"
+    assert str(MyEnum) == "MyEnum"
+    assert str(MyInputObjectType) == "MyInputObjectType"
+    assert str(NonNull(Int)) == "Int!"
+    assert str(List(Int)) == "[Int]"
+    assert str(NonNull(List(Int))) == "[Int]!"
+    assert str(List(NonNull(Int))) == "[Int!]"
+    assert str(List(List(Int))) == "[[Int]]"
 
 
 # def test_identifies_input_types():
@@ -288,7 +269,14 @@ def test_stringifies_simple_types():
 #     ]
 #     for x in bad_union_types:
 #         with raises(Exception) as excinfo:
-#             GraphQLSchema(GraphQLObjectType('Root', fields={'union': GraphQLField(GraphQLUnionType('BadUnion', [x]))}))
+#             GraphQLSchema(
+#                 GraphQLObjectType(
+#                     'Root',
+#                     fields={
+#                         'union': GraphQLField(GraphQLUnionType('BadUnion', [x]))
+#                     }
+#                 )
+#             )
 
 #         assert 'BadUnion may only contain Object types, it cannot contain: ' + str(x) + '.' \
 #                == str(excinfo.value)

graphene/types/tests/test_dynamic.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from functools import partial
+
 from ..dynamic import Dynamic
 from ..scalars import String
 from ..structures import List, NonNull
@@ -6,22 +8,31 @@ from ..structures import List, NonNull
 def test_dynamic():
     dynamic = Dynamic(lambda: String)
     assert dynamic.get_type() == String
-    assert str(dynamic.get_type()) == 'String'
+    assert str(dynamic.get_type()) == "String"
 
 
 def test_nonnull():
     dynamic = Dynamic(lambda: NonNull(String))
     assert dynamic.get_type().of_type == String
-    assert str(dynamic.get_type()) == 'String!'
+    assert str(dynamic.get_type()) == "String!"
 
 
 def test_list():
     dynamic = Dynamic(lambda: List(String))
     assert dynamic.get_type().of_type == String
-    assert str(dynamic.get_type()) == '[String]'
+    assert str(dynamic.get_type()) == "[String]"
 
 
 def test_list_non_null():
     dynamic = Dynamic(lambda: List(NonNull(String)))
     assert dynamic.get_type().of_type.of_type == String
-    assert str(dynamic.get_type()) == '[String!]'
+    assert str(dynamic.get_type()) == "[String!]"
+
+
+def test_partial():
+    def __type(_type):
+        return _type
+
+    dynamic = Dynamic(partial(__type, String))
+    assert dynamic.get_type() == String
+    assert str(dynamic.get_type()) == "String"

graphene/types/tests/test_enum.py

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 import six
 
-from ..schema import Schema, ObjectType
 from ..argument import Argument
 from ..enum import Enum, PyEnum
 from ..field import Field
 from ..inputfield import InputField
+from ..schema import ObjectType, Schema
 
 
 def test_enum_construction():
     class RGB(Enum):
-        '''Description'''
+        """Description"""
+
         RED = 1
         GREEN = 2
         BLUE = 3
@@ -18,49 +19,41 @@ def test_enum_construction():
         def description(self):
             return "Description {}".format(self.name)
 
-    assert RGB._meta.name == 'RGB'
-    assert RGB._meta.description == 'Description'
+    assert RGB._meta.name == "RGB"
+    assert RGB._meta.description == "Description"
 
     values = RGB._meta.enum.__members__.values()
-    assert sorted([v.name for v in values]) == [
-        'BLUE',
-        'GREEN',
-        'RED'
-    ]
+    assert sorted([v.name for v in values]) == ["BLUE", "GREEN", "RED"]
     assert sorted([v.description for v in values]) == [
-        'Description BLUE',
-        'Description GREEN',
-        'Description RED'
+        "Description BLUE",
+        "Description GREEN",
+        "Description RED",
     ]
 
 
 def test_enum_construction_meta():
     class RGB(Enum):
-
         class Meta:
-            name = 'RGBEnum'
-            description = 'Description'
+            name = "RGBEnum"
+            description = "Description"
+
         RED = 1
         GREEN = 2
         BLUE = 3
 
-    assert RGB._meta.name == 'RGBEnum'
-    assert RGB._meta.description == 'Description'
+    assert RGB._meta.name == "RGBEnum"
+    assert RGB._meta.description == "Description"
 
 
 def test_enum_instance_construction():
-    RGB = Enum('RGB', 'RED,GREEN,BLUE')
+    RGB = Enum("RGB", "RED,GREEN,BLUE")
 
     values = RGB._meta.enum.__members__.values()
-    assert sorted([v.name for v in values]) == [
-        'BLUE',
-        'GREEN',
-        'RED'
-    ]
+    assert sorted([v.name for v in values]) == ["BLUE", "GREEN", "RED"]
 
 
 def test_enum_from_builtin_enum():
-    PyRGB = PyEnum('RGB', 'RED,GREEN,BLUE')
+    PyRGB = PyEnum("RGB", "RED,GREEN,BLUE")
 
     RGB = Enum.from_enum(PyRGB)
     assert RGB._meta.enum == PyRGB
@@ -74,30 +67,51 @@ def test_enum_from_builtin_enum_accepts_lambda_description():
         if not value:
             return "StarWars Episodes"
 
-        return 'New Hope Episode' if value == Episode.NEWHOPE else 'Other'
+        return "New Hope Episode" if value == Episode.NEWHOPE else "Other"
 
     def custom_deprecation_reason(value):
-        return 'meh' if value == Episode.NEWHOPE else None
+        return "meh" if value == Episode.NEWHOPE else None
 
-    PyEpisode = PyEnum('PyEpisode', 'NEWHOPE,EMPIRE,JEDI')
-    Episode = Enum.from_enum(PyEpisode, description=custom_description,
-                             deprecation_reason=custom_deprecation_reason)
+    PyEpisode = PyEnum("PyEpisode", "NEWHOPE,EMPIRE,JEDI")
+    Episode = Enum.from_enum(
+        PyEpisode,
+        description=custom_description,
+        deprecation_reason=custom_deprecation_reason,
+    )
 
     class Query(ObjectType):
         foo = Episode()
 
     schema = Schema(query=Query)
 
-    GraphQLPyEpisode = schema._type_map['PyEpisode'].values
+    GraphQLPyEpisode = schema._type_map["PyEpisode"].values
 
-    assert schema._type_map['PyEpisode'].description == "StarWars Episodes"
-    assert GraphQLPyEpisode[0].name == 'NEWHOPE' and GraphQLPyEpisode[0].description == 'New Hope Episode'
-    assert GraphQLPyEpisode[1].name == 'EMPIRE' and GraphQLPyEpisode[1].description == 'Other'
-    assert GraphQLPyEpisode[2].name == 'JEDI' and GraphQLPyEpisode[2].description == 'Other'
+    assert schema._type_map["PyEpisode"].description == "StarWars Episodes"
+    assert (
+        GraphQLPyEpisode[0].name == "NEWHOPE"
+        and GraphQLPyEpisode[0].description == "New Hope Episode"
+    )
+    assert (
+        GraphQLPyEpisode[1].name == "EMPIRE"
+        and GraphQLPyEpisode[1].description == "Other"
+    )
+    assert (
+        GraphQLPyEpisode[2].name == "JEDI"
+        and GraphQLPyEpisode[2].description == "Other"
+    )
 
-    assert GraphQLPyEpisode[0].name == 'NEWHOPE' and GraphQLPyEpisode[0].deprecation_reason == 'meh'
-    assert GraphQLPyEpisode[1].name == 'EMPIRE' and GraphQLPyEpisode[1].deprecation_reason == None
-    assert GraphQLPyEpisode[2].name == 'JEDI' and GraphQLPyEpisode[2].deprecation_reason == None
+    assert (
+        GraphQLPyEpisode[0].name == "NEWHOPE"
+        and GraphQLPyEpisode[0].deprecation_reason == "meh"
+    )
+    assert (
+        GraphQLPyEpisode[1].name == "EMPIRE"
+        and GraphQLPyEpisode[1].deprecation_reason is None
+    )
+    assert (
+        GraphQLPyEpisode[2].name == "JEDI"
+        and GraphQLPyEpisode[2].deprecation_reason is None
+    )
 
 
 def test_enum_from_python3_enum_uses_enum_doc():
@@ -108,6 +122,7 @@ def test_enum_from_python3_enum_uses_enum_doc():
 
     class Color(PyEnum):
         """This is the description"""
+
         RED = 1
         GREEN = 2
         BLUE = 3
@@ -196,9 +211,9 @@ def test_enum_can_retrieve_members():
         GREEN = 2
         BLUE = 3
 
-    assert RGB['RED'] == RGB.RED
-    assert RGB['GREEN'] == RGB.GREEN
-    assert RGB['BLUE'] == RGB.BLUE
+    assert RGB["RED"] == RGB.RED
+    assert RGB["GREEN"] == RGB.GREEN
+    assert RGB["BLUE"] == RGB.BLUE
 
 
 def test_enum_to_enum_comparison_should_differ():
@@ -220,14 +235,14 @@ def test_enum_to_enum_comparison_should_differ():
 def test_enum_skip_meta_from_members():
     class RGB1(Enum):
         class Meta:
-            name = 'RGB'
+            name = "RGB"
 
         RED = 1
         GREEN = 2
         BLUE = 3
 
     assert dict(RGB1._meta.enum.__members__) == {
-        'RED': RGB1.RED,
-        'GREEN': RGB1.GREEN,
-        'BLUE': RGB1.BLUE,
+        "RED": RGB1.RED,
+        "GREEN": RGB1.GREEN,
+        "BLUE": RGB1.BLUE,
     }

graphene/types/tests/test_field.py

@@ -10,31 +10,33 @@ from .utils import MyLazyType
 
 
 class MyInstance(object):
-    value = 'value'
-    value_func = staticmethod(lambda: 'value_func')
+    value = "value"
+    value_func = staticmethod(lambda: "value_func")
 
     def value_method(self):
-        return 'value_method'
+        return "value_method"
 
 
 def test_field_basic():
     MyType = object()
-    args = {'my arg': Argument(True)}
+    args = {"my arg": Argument(True)}
 
-    def resolver(): return None
-    deprecation_reason = 'Deprecated now'
-    description = 'My Field'
-    my_default = 'something'
+    def resolver():
+        return None
+
+    deprecation_reason = "Deprecated now"
+    description = "My Field"
+    my_default = "something"
     field = Field(
         MyType,
-        name='name',
+        name="name",
         args=args,
         resolver=resolver,
         description=description,
         deprecation_reason=deprecation_reason,
         default_value=my_default,
     )
-    assert field.name == 'name'
+    assert field.name == "name"
     assert field.args == args
     assert field.resolver == resolver
     assert field.deprecation_reason == deprecation_reason
@@ -55,12 +57,12 @@ def test_field_default_value_not_callable():
         Field(MyType, default_value=lambda: True)
     except AssertionError as e:
         # substring comparison for py 2/3 compatibility
-        assert 'The default value can not be a function but received' in str(e)
+        assert "The default value can not be a function but received" in str(e)
 
 
 def test_field_source():
     MyType = object()
-    field = Field(MyType, source='value')
+    field = Field(MyType, source="value")
     assert field.resolver(MyInstance(), None) == MyInstance.value
 
 
@@ -84,46 +86,48 @@ def test_field_with_string_type():
 def test_field_not_source_and_resolver():
     MyType = object()
     with pytest.raises(Exception) as exc_info:
-        Field(MyType, source='value', resolver=lambda: None)
-    assert str(
-        exc_info.value) == 'A Field cannot have a source and a resolver in at the same time.'
+        Field(MyType, source="value", resolver=lambda: None)
+    assert (
+        str(exc_info.value)
+        == "A Field cannot have a source and a resolver in at the same time."
+    )
 
 
 def test_field_source_func():
     MyType = object()
-    field = Field(MyType, source='value_func')
+    field = Field(MyType, source="value_func")
     assert field.resolver(MyInstance(), None) == MyInstance.value_func()
 
 
 def test_field_source_method():
     MyType = object()
-    field = Field(MyType, source='value_method')
+    field = Field(MyType, source="value_method")
     assert field.resolver(MyInstance(), None) == MyInstance().value_method()
 
 
 def test_field_source_as_argument():
     MyType = object()
     field = Field(MyType, source=String())
-    assert 'source' in field.args
-    assert field.args['source'].type == String
+    assert "source" in field.args
+    assert field.args["source"].type == String
 
 
 def test_field_name_as_argument():
     MyType = object()
     field = Field(MyType, name=String())
-    assert 'name' in field.args
-    assert field.args['name'].type == String
+    assert "name" in field.args
+    assert field.args["name"].type == String
 
 
 def test_field_source_argument_as_kw():
     MyType = object()
     field = Field(MyType, b=NonNull(True), c=Argument(None), a=NonNull(False))
-    assert list(field.args.keys()) == ['b', 'c', 'a']
-    assert isinstance(field.args['b'], Argument)
-    assert isinstance(field.args['b'].type, NonNull)
-    assert field.args['b'].type.of_type is True
-    assert isinstance(field.args['c'], Argument)
-    assert field.args['c'].type is None
-    assert isinstance(field.args['a'], Argument)
-    assert isinstance(field.args['a'].type, NonNull)
-    assert field.args['a'].type.of_type is False
+    assert list(field.args.keys()) == ["b", "c", "a"]
+    assert isinstance(field.args["b"], Argument)
+    assert isinstance(field.args["b"].type, NonNull)
+    assert field.args["b"].type.of_type is True
+    assert isinstance(field.args["c"], Argument)
+    assert field.args["c"].type is None
+    assert isinstance(field.args["a"], Argument)
+    assert isinstance(field.args["a"].type, NonNull)
+    assert field.args["a"].type.of_type is False

graphene/types/tests/test_generic.py

@@ -18,44 +18,36 @@ def test_generic_query_variable():
         1,
         1.1,
         True,
-        'str',
+        "str",
         [1, 2, 3],
         [1.1, 2.2, 3.3],
         [True, False],
-        ['str1', 'str2'],
+        ["str1", "str2"],
+        {"key_a": "a", "key_b": "b"},
         {
-            'key_a': 'a',
-            'key_b': 'b'
+            "int": 1,
+            "float": 1.1,
+            "boolean": True,
+            "string": "str",
+            "int_list": [1, 2, 3],
+            "float_list": [1.1, 2.2, 3.3],
+            "boolean_list": [True, False],
+            "string_list": ["str1", "str2"],
+            "nested_dict": {"key_a": "a", "key_b": "b"},
         },
-        {
-            'int': 1,
-            'float': 1.1,
-            'boolean': True,
-            'string': 'str',
-            'int_list': [1, 2, 3],
-            'float_list': [1.1, 2.2, 3.3],
-            'boolean_list': [True, False],
-            'string_list': ['str1', 'str2'],
-            'nested_dict': {
-                'key_a': 'a',
-                'key_b': 'b'
-            }
-        },
-        None
+        None,
     ]:
         result = schema.execute(
-            '''query Test($generic: GenericScalar){ generic(input: $generic) }''',
-            variable_values={'generic': generic_value}
+            """query Test($generic: GenericScalar){ generic(input: $generic) }""",
+            variable_values={"generic": generic_value},
         )
         assert not result.errors
-        assert result.data == {
-            'generic': generic_value
-        }
+        assert result.data == {"generic": generic_value}
 
 
 def test_generic_parse_literal_query():
     result = schema.execute(
-        '''
+        """
         query {
             generic(input: {
                 int: 1,
@@ -73,23 +65,20 @@ def test_generic_parse_literal_query():
                 empty_key: undefined
             })
         }
-        '''
+        """
     )
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == {
-        'generic': {
-            'int': 1,
-            'float': 1.1,
-            'boolean': True,
-            'string': 'str',
-            'int_list': [1, 2, 3],
-            'float_list': [1.1, 2.2, 3.3],
-            'boolean_list': [True, False],
-            'string_list': ['str1', 'str2'],
-            'nested_dict': {
-                'key_a': 'a',
-                'key_b': 'b'
-            },
-            'empty_key': None
+        "generic": {
+            "int": 1,
+            "float": 1.1,
+            "boolean": True,
+            "string": "str",
+            "int_list": [1, 2, 3],
+            "float_list": [1.1, 2.2, 3.3],
+            "boolean_list": [True, False],
+            "string_list": ["str1", "str2"],
+            "nested_dict": {"key_a": "a", "key_b": "b"},
+            "empty_key": None,
         }
     }

graphene/types/tests/test_inputobjecttype.py

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ from ..field import Field
 from ..inputfield import InputField
 from ..inputobjecttype import InputObjectType
 from ..objecttype import ObjectType
-from ..unmountedtype import UnmountedType
-from ..scalars import String, Boolean
+from ..scalars import Boolean, String
 from ..schema import Schema
+from ..unmountedtype import UnmountedType
 
 
 class MyType(object):
@@ -14,14 +14,13 @@ class MyType(object):
 
 
 class MyScalar(UnmountedType):
-
     def get_type(self):
         return MyType
 
 
 def test_generate_inputobjecttype():
     class MyInputObjectType(InputObjectType):
-        '''Documentation'''
+        """Documentation"""
 
     assert MyInputObjectType._meta.name == "MyInputObjectType"
     assert MyInputObjectType._meta.description == "Documentation"
@@ -30,10 +29,9 @@ def test_generate_inputobjecttype():
 
 def test_generate_inputobjecttype_with_meta():
     class MyInputObjectType(InputObjectType):
-
         class Meta:
-            name = 'MyOtherInputObjectType'
-            description = 'Documentation'
+            name = "MyOtherInputObjectType"
+            description = "Documentation"
 
     assert MyInputObjectType._meta.name == "MyOtherInputObjectType"
     assert MyInputObjectType._meta.description == "Documentation"
@@ -43,7 +41,7 @@ def test_generate_inputobjecttype_with_fields():
     class MyInputObjectType(InputObjectType):
         field = Field(MyType)
 
-    assert 'field' in MyInputObjectType._meta.fields
+    assert "field" in MyInputObjectType._meta.fields
 
 
 def test_ordered_fields_in_inputobjecttype():
@@ -53,16 +51,15 @@ def test_ordered_fields_in_inputobjecttype():
         field = MyScalar()
         asa = InputField(MyType)
 
-    assert list(MyInputObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == [
-        'b', 'a', 'field', 'asa']
+    assert list(MyInputObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ["b", "a", "field", "asa"]
 
 
 def test_generate_inputobjecttype_unmountedtype():
     class MyInputObjectType(InputObjectType):
         field = MyScalar(MyType)
 
-    assert 'field' in MyInputObjectType._meta.fields
-    assert isinstance(MyInputObjectType._meta.fields['field'], InputField)
+    assert "field" in MyInputObjectType._meta.fields
+    assert isinstance(MyInputObjectType._meta.fields["field"], InputField)
 
 
 def test_generate_inputobjecttype_as_argument():
@@ -72,13 +69,13 @@ def test_generate_inputobjecttype_as_argument():
     class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
         field = Field(MyType, input=MyInputObjectType())
 
-    assert 'field' in MyObjectType._meta.fields
-    field = MyObjectType._meta.fields['field']
+    assert "field" in MyObjectType._meta.fields
+    field = MyObjectType._meta.fields["field"]
     assert isinstance(field, Field)
     assert field.type == MyType
-    assert 'input' in field.args
-    assert isinstance(field.args['input'], Argument)
-    assert field.args['input'].type == MyInputObjectType
+    assert "input" in field.args
+    assert isinstance(field.args["input"], Argument)
+    assert field.args["input"].type == MyInputObjectType
 
 
 def test_generate_inputobjecttype_inherit_abstracttype():
@@ -88,9 +85,11 @@ def test_generate_inputobjecttype_inherit_abstracttype():
     class MyInputObjectType(InputObjectType, MyAbstractType):
         field2 = MyScalar(MyType)
 
-    assert list(MyInputObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ['field1', 'field2']
+    assert list(MyInputObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ["field1", "field2"]
     assert [type(x) for x in MyInputObjectType._meta.fields.values()] == [
-        InputField, InputField]
+        InputField,
+        InputField,
+    ]
 
 
 def test_generate_inputobjecttype_inherit_abstracttype_reversed():
@@ -100,9 +99,11 @@ def test_generate_inputobjecttype_inherit_abstracttype_reversed():
     class MyInputObjectType(MyAbstractType, InputObjectType):
         field2 = MyScalar(MyType)
 
-    assert list(MyInputObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ['field1', 'field2']
+    assert list(MyInputObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ["field1", "field2"]
     assert [type(x) for x in MyInputObjectType._meta.fields.values()] == [
-        InputField, InputField]
+        InputField,
+        InputField,
+    ]
 
 
 def test_inputobjecttype_of_input():
@@ -121,14 +122,17 @@ def test_inputobjecttype_of_input():
         is_child = Boolean(parent=Parent())
 
         def resolve_is_child(self, info, parent):
-            return isinstance(parent.child, Child) and parent.child.full_name == "Peter Griffin"
+            return (
+                isinstance(parent.child, Child)
+                and parent.child.full_name == "Peter Griffin"
+            )
 
     schema = Schema(query=Query)
-    result = schema.execute('''query basequery {
+    result = schema.execute(
+        """query basequery {
         isChild(parent: {child: {firstName: "Peter", lastName: "Griffin"}})
     }
-    ''')
+    """
+    )
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {
-        'isChild': True
-    }
+    assert result.data == {"isChild": True}

graphene/types/tests/test_interface.py

@@ -8,14 +8,13 @@ class MyType(object):
 
 
 class MyScalar(UnmountedType):
-
     def get_type(self):
         return MyType
 
 
 def test_generate_interface():
     class MyInterface(Interface):
-        '''Documentation'''
+        """Documentation"""
 
     assert MyInterface._meta.name == "MyInterface"
     assert MyInterface._meta.description == "Documentation"
@@ -24,10 +23,9 @@ def test_generate_interface():
 
 def test_generate_interface_with_meta():
     class MyInterface(Interface):
-
         class Meta:
-            name = 'MyOtherInterface'
-            description = 'Documentation'
+            name = "MyOtherInterface"
+            description = "Documentation"
 
     assert MyInterface._meta.name == "MyOtherInterface"
     assert MyInterface._meta.description == "Documentation"
@@ -37,7 +35,7 @@ def test_generate_interface_with_fields():
     class MyInterface(Interface):
         field = Field(MyType)
 
-    assert 'field' in MyInterface._meta.fields
+    assert "field" in MyInterface._meta.fields
 
 
 def test_ordered_fields_in_interface():
@@ -47,15 +45,15 @@ def test_ordered_fields_in_interface():
         field = MyScalar()
         asa = Field(MyType)
 
-    assert list(MyInterface._meta.fields.keys()) == ['b', 'a', 'field', 'asa']
+    assert list(MyInterface._meta.fields.keys()) == ["b", "a", "field", "asa"]
 
 
 def test_generate_interface_unmountedtype():
     class MyInterface(Interface):
         field = MyScalar()
 
-    assert 'field' in MyInterface._meta.fields
-    assert isinstance(MyInterface._meta.fields['field'], Field)
+    assert "field" in MyInterface._meta.fields
+    assert isinstance(MyInterface._meta.fields["field"], Field)
 
 
 def test_generate_interface_inherit_abstracttype():
@@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ def test_generate_interface_inherit_abstracttype():
     class MyInterface(Interface, MyAbstractType):
         field2 = MyScalar()
 
-    assert list(MyInterface._meta.fields.keys()) == ['field1', 'field2']
+    assert list(MyInterface._meta.fields.keys()) == ["field1", "field2"]
     assert [type(x) for x in MyInterface._meta.fields.values()] == [Field, Field]
 
 
@@ -76,8 +74,8 @@ def test_generate_interface_inherit_interface():
     class MyInterface(MyBaseInterface):
         field2 = MyScalar()
 
-    assert MyInterface._meta.name == 'MyInterface'
-    assert list(MyInterface._meta.fields.keys()) == ['field1', 'field2']
+    assert MyInterface._meta.name == "MyInterface"
+    assert list(MyInterface._meta.fields.keys()) == ["field1", "field2"]
     assert [type(x) for x in MyInterface._meta.fields.values()] == [Field, Field]
 
 
@@ -88,5 +86,5 @@ def test_generate_interface_inherit_abstracttype_reversed():
     class MyInterface(MyAbstractType, Interface):
         field2 = MyScalar()
 
-    assert list(MyInterface._meta.fields.keys()) == ['field1', 'field2']
+    assert list(MyInterface._meta.fields.keys()) == ["field1", "field2"]
     assert [type(x) for x in MyInterface._meta.fields.values()] == [Field, Field]

graphene/types/tests/test_json.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ class Query(ObjectType):
     def resolve_json(self, info, input):
         return input
 
+
 schema = Schema(query=Query)
 
 
@@ -17,21 +18,17 @@ def test_jsonstring_query():
     json_value = '{"key": "value"}'
 
     json_value_quoted = json_value.replace('"', '\\"')
-    result = schema.execute('''{ json(input: "%s") }''' % json_value_quoted)
+    result = schema.execute("""{ json(input: "%s") }""" % json_value_quoted)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {
-        'json': json_value
-    }
+    assert result.data == {"json": json_value}
 
 
 def test_jsonstring_query_variable():
     json_value = '{"key": "value"}'
 
     result = schema.execute(
-        '''query Test($json: JSONString){ json(input: $json) }''',
-        variable_values={'json': json_value}
+        """query Test($json: JSONString){ json(input: $json) }""",
+        variable_values={"json": json_value},
     )
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {
-        'json': json_value
-    }
+    assert result.data == {"json": json_value}

graphene/types/tests/test_mountedtype.py

@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ from ..scalars import String
 
 
 class CustomField(Field):
-
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self.metadata = kwargs.pop('metadata', None)
+        self.metadata = kwargs.pop("metadata", None)
         super(CustomField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
@@ -18,8 +17,8 @@ def test_mounted_type():
 
 
 def test_mounted_type_custom():
-    unmounted = String(metadata={'hey': 'yo!'})
+    unmounted = String(metadata={"hey": "yo!"})
     mounted = CustomField.mounted(unmounted)
     assert isinstance(mounted, CustomField)
     assert mounted.type == String
-    assert mounted.metadata == {'hey': 'yo!'}
+    assert mounted.metadata == {"hey": "yo!"}

graphene/types/tests/test_mutation.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from ..structures import NonNull
 
 def test_generate_mutation_no_args():
     class MyMutation(Mutation):
-        '''Documentation'''
+        """Documentation"""
 
         def mutate(self, info, **args):
             return args
@@ -19,24 +19,23 @@ def test_generate_mutation_no_args():
     assert issubclass(MyMutation, ObjectType)
     assert MyMutation._meta.name == "MyMutation"
     assert MyMutation._meta.description == "Documentation"
-    resolved = MyMutation.Field().resolver(None, None, name='Peter')
-    assert resolved == {'name': 'Peter'}
+    resolved = MyMutation.Field().resolver(None, None, name="Peter")
+    assert resolved == {"name": "Peter"}
 
 
 def test_generate_mutation_with_meta():
     class MyMutation(Mutation):
-
         class Meta:
-            name = 'MyOtherMutation'
-            description = 'Documentation'
+            name = "MyOtherMutation"
+            description = "Documentation"
 
         def mutate(self, info, **args):
             return args
 
     assert MyMutation._meta.name == "MyOtherMutation"
     assert MyMutation._meta.description == "Documentation"
-    resolved = MyMutation.Field().resolver(None, None, name='Peter')
-    assert resolved == {'name': 'Peter'}
+    resolved = MyMutation.Field().resolver(None, None, name="Peter")
+    assert resolved == {"name": "Peter"}
 
 
 def test_mutation_raises_exception_if_no_mutate():
@@ -45,8 +44,7 @@ def test_mutation_raises_exception_if_no_mutate():
         class MyMutation(Mutation):
             pass
 
-    assert "All mutations must define a mutate method in it" == str(
-        excinfo.value)
+    assert "All mutations must define a mutate method in it" == str(excinfo.value)
 
 
 def test_mutation_custom_output_type():
@@ -54,7 +52,6 @@ def test_mutation_custom_output_type():
         name = String()
 
     class CreateUser(Mutation):
-
         class Arguments:
             name = String()
 
@@ -65,15 +62,14 @@ def test_mutation_custom_output_type():
 
     field = CreateUser.Field()
     assert field.type == User
-    assert field.args == {'name': Argument(String)}
-    resolved = field.resolver(None, None, name='Peter')
+    assert field.args == {"name": Argument(String)}
+    resolved = field.resolver(None, None, name="Peter")
     assert isinstance(resolved, User)
-    assert resolved.name == 'Peter'
+    assert resolved.name == "Peter"
 
 
 def test_mutation_execution():
     class CreateUser(Mutation):
-
         class Arguments:
             name = String()
             dynamic = Dynamic(lambda: String())
@@ -92,20 +88,17 @@ def test_mutation_execution():
         create_user = CreateUser.Field()
 
     schema = Schema(query=Query, mutation=MyMutation)
-    result = schema.execute(''' mutation mymutation {
+    result = schema.execute(
+        """ mutation mymutation {
         createUser(name:"Peter", dynamic: "dynamic") {
             name
             dynamic
         }
     }
-    ''')
+    """
+    )
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {
-        'createUser': {
-            'name': 'Peter',
-            'dynamic': 'dynamic',
-        }
-    }
+    assert result.data == {"createUser": {"name": "Peter", "dynamic": "dynamic"}}
 
 
 def test_mutation_no_fields_output():
@@ -122,23 +115,20 @@ def test_mutation_no_fields_output():
         create_user = CreateUser.Field()
 
     schema = Schema(query=Query, mutation=MyMutation)
-    result = schema.execute(''' mutation mymutation {
+    result = schema.execute(
+        """ mutation mymutation {
         createUser {
             name
         }
     }
-    ''')
+    """
+    )
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {
-        'createUser': {
-            'name': None,
-        }
-    }
+    assert result.data == {"createUser": {"name": None}}
 
 
 def test_mutation_allow_to_have_custom_args():
     class CreateUser(Mutation):
-
         class Arguments:
             name = String()
 
@@ -149,12 +139,56 @@ def test_mutation_allow_to_have_custom_args():
 
     class MyMutation(ObjectType):
         create_user = CreateUser.Field(
-            description='Create a user',
-            deprecation_reason='Is deprecated',
-            required=True
+            description="Create a user",
+            deprecation_reason="Is deprecated",
+            required=True,
         )
 
-    field = MyMutation._meta.fields['create_user']
-    assert field.description == 'Create a user'
-    assert field.deprecation_reason == 'Is deprecated'
+    field = MyMutation._meta.fields["create_user"]
+    assert field.description == "Create a user"
+    assert field.deprecation_reason == "Is deprecated"
     assert field.type == NonNull(CreateUser)
+
+
+def test_mutation_as_subclass():
+    class BaseCreateUser(Mutation):
+
+        class Arguments:
+            name = String()
+
+        name = String()
+
+        def mutate(self, info, **args):
+            return args
+
+    class CreateUserWithPlanet(BaseCreateUser):
+
+        class Arguments(BaseCreateUser.Arguments):
+            planet = String()
+
+        planet = String()
+
+        def mutate(self, info, **args):
+            return CreateUserWithPlanet(**args)
+
+    class MyMutation(ObjectType):
+        create_user_with_planet = CreateUserWithPlanet.Field()
+
+    class Query(ObjectType):
+        a = String()
+
+    schema = Schema(query=Query, mutation=MyMutation)
+    result = schema.execute(''' mutation mymutation {
+        createUserWithPlanet(name:"Peter", planet: "earth") {
+            name
+            planet
+        }
+    }
+    ''')
+    assert not result.errors
+    assert result.data == {
+        'createUserWithPlanet': {
+            'name': 'Peter',
+            'planet': 'earth',
+        }
+    }

graphene/types/tests/test_objecttype.py

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ import pytest
 from ..field import Field
 from ..interface import Interface
 from ..objecttype import ObjectType
-from ..unmountedtype import UnmountedType
-from ..structures import NonNull
 from ..scalars import String
 from ..schema import Schema
+from ..structures import NonNull
+from ..unmountedtype import UnmountedType
 
 
 class MyType(Interface):
@@ -23,42 +23,42 @@ class MyInterface(Interface):
 
 
 class ContainerWithInterface(ObjectType):
-
     class Meta:
-        interfaces = (MyInterface, )
+        interfaces = (MyInterface,)
+
     field1 = Field(MyType)
     field2 = Field(MyType)
 
 
 class MyScalar(UnmountedType):
-
     def get_type(self):
         return MyType
 
 
 def test_generate_objecttype():
     class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
-        '''Documentation'''
+        """Documentation"""
 
     assert MyObjectType._meta.name == "MyObjectType"
     assert MyObjectType._meta.description == "Documentation"
     assert MyObjectType._meta.interfaces == tuple()
     assert MyObjectType._meta.fields == {}
-    assert repr(
-        MyObjectType) == "<MyObjectType meta=<ObjectTypeOptions name='MyObjectType'>>"
+    assert (
+        repr(MyObjectType)
+        == "<MyObjectType meta=<ObjectTypeOptions name='MyObjectType'>>"
+    )
 
 
 def test_generate_objecttype_with_meta():
     class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
-
         class Meta:
-            name = 'MyOtherObjectType'
-            description = 'Documentation'
-            interfaces = (MyType, )
+            name = "MyOtherObjectType"
+            description = "Documentation"
+            interfaces = (MyType,)
 
     assert MyObjectType._meta.name == "MyOtherObjectType"
     assert MyObjectType._meta.description == "Documentation"
-    assert MyObjectType._meta.interfaces == (MyType, )
+    assert MyObjectType._meta.interfaces == (MyType,)
 
 
 def test_generate_lazy_objecttype():
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def test_generate_lazy_objecttype():
         field = Field(MyType)
 
     assert MyObjectType._meta.name == "MyObjectType"
-    example_field = MyObjectType._meta.fields['example']
+    example_field = MyObjectType._meta.fields["example"]
     assert isinstance(example_field.type, NonNull)
     assert example_field.type.of_type == InnerObjectType
 
@@ -78,21 +78,21 @@ def test_generate_objecttype_with_fields():
     class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
         field = Field(MyType)
 
-    assert 'field' in MyObjectType._meta.fields
+    assert "field" in MyObjectType._meta.fields
 
 
 def test_generate_objecttype_with_private_attributes():
     class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
         _private_state = None
 
-    assert '_private_state' not in MyObjectType._meta.fields
-    assert hasattr(MyObjectType, '_private_state')
+    assert "_private_state" not in MyObjectType._meta.fields
+    assert hasattr(MyObjectType, "_private_state")
 
-    m = MyObjectType(_private_state='custom')
-    assert m._private_state == 'custom'
+    m = MyObjectType(_private_state="custom")
+    assert m._private_state == "custom"
 
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        MyObjectType(_other_private_state='Wrong')
+        MyObjectType(_other_private_state="Wrong")
 
 
 def test_ordered_fields_in_objecttype():
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ def test_ordered_fields_in_objecttype():
         field = MyScalar()
         asa = Field(MyType)
 
-    assert list(MyObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ['b', 'a', 'field', 'asa']
+    assert list(MyObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ["b", "a", "field", "asa"]
 
 
 def test_generate_objecttype_inherit_abstracttype():
@@ -115,9 +115,8 @@ def test_generate_objecttype_inherit_abstracttype():
     assert MyObjectType._meta.description is None
     assert MyObjectType._meta.interfaces == ()
     assert MyObjectType._meta.name == "MyObjectType"
-    assert list(MyObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ['field1', 'field2']
-    assert list(map(type, MyObjectType._meta.fields.values())) == [
-        Field, Field]
+    assert list(MyObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ["field1", "field2"]
+    assert list(map(type, MyObjectType._meta.fields.values())) == [Field, Field]
 
 
 def test_generate_objecttype_inherit_abstracttype_reversed():
@@ -130,26 +129,28 @@ def test_generate_objecttype_inherit_abstracttype_reversed():
     assert MyObjectType._meta.description is None
     assert MyObjectType._meta.interfaces == ()
     assert MyObjectType._meta.name == "MyObjectType"
-    assert list(MyObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ['field1', 'field2']
-    assert list(map(type, MyObjectType._meta.fields.values())) == [
-        Field, Field]
+    assert list(MyObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ["field1", "field2"]
+    assert list(map(type, MyObjectType._meta.fields.values())) == [Field, Field]
 
 
 def test_generate_objecttype_unmountedtype():
     class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
         field = MyScalar()
 
-    assert 'field' in MyObjectType._meta.fields
-    assert isinstance(MyObjectType._meta.fields['field'], Field)
+    assert "field" in MyObjectType._meta.fields
+    assert isinstance(MyObjectType._meta.fields["field"], Field)
 
 
 def test_parent_container_get_fields():
-    assert list(Container._meta.fields.keys()) == ['field1', 'field2']
+    assert list(Container._meta.fields.keys()) == ["field1", "field2"]
 
 
 def test_parent_container_interface_get_fields():
     assert list(ContainerWithInterface._meta.fields.keys()) == [
-        'ifield', 'field1', 'field2']
+        "ifield",
+        "field1",
+        "field2",
+    ]
 
 
 def test_objecttype_as_container_only_args():
@@ -187,49 +188,49 @@ def test_objecttype_as_container_invalid_kwargs():
         Container(unexisting_field="3")
 
     assert "'unexisting_field' is an invalid keyword argument for Container" == str(
-        excinfo.value)
+        excinfo.value
+    )
 
 
 def test_objecttype_container_benchmark(benchmark):
     @benchmark
     def create_objecttype():
-        Container(field1='field1', field2='field2')
+        Container(field1="field1", field2="field2")
 
 
 def test_generate_objecttype_description():
     class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
-        '''
+        """
         Documentation
 
         Documentation line 2
-        '''
+        """
 
     assert MyObjectType._meta.description == "Documentation\n\nDocumentation line 2"
 
 
 def test_objecttype_with_possible_types():
     class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
-
         class Meta:
-            possible_types = (dict, )
+            possible_types = (dict,)
 
-    assert MyObjectType._meta.possible_types == (dict, )
+    assert MyObjectType._meta.possible_types == (dict,)
 
 
 def test_objecttype_with_possible_types_and_is_type_of_should_raise():
     with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as excinfo:
-        class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
 
+        class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
             class Meta:
-                possible_types = (dict, )
+                possible_types = (dict,)
 
             @classmethod
             def is_type_of(cls, root, context, info):
                 return False
 
     assert str(excinfo.value) == (
-        'MyObjectType.Meta.possible_types will cause type collision with '
-        'MyObjectType.is_type_of. Please use one or other.'
+        "MyObjectType.Meta.possible_types will cause type collision with "
+        "MyObjectType.is_type_of. Please use one or other."
     )
 
 
@@ -244,24 +245,23 @@ def test_objecttype_no_fields_output():
             return User()
 
     schema = Schema(query=Query)
-    result = schema.execute(''' query basequery {
+    result = schema.execute(
+        """ query basequery {
         user {
             name
         }
     }
-    ''')
+    """
+    )
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {
-        'user': {
-            'name': None,
-        }
-    }
+    assert result.data == {"user": {"name": None}}
 
 
 def test_abstract_objecttype_can_str():
     class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
         class Meta:
             abstract = True
+
         field = MyScalar()
 
     assert str(MyObjectType) == "MyObjectType"

graphene/types/tests/test_query.py

@@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
 import json
 from functools import partial
 
-from graphql import GraphQLError, Source, execute, parse, ResolveInfo
+from graphql import GraphQLError, ResolveInfo, Source, execute, parse
 
+from ..context import Context
 from ..dynamic import Dynamic
 from ..field import Field
 from ..inputfield import InputField
 from ..inputobjecttype import InputObjectType
 from ..interface import Interface
 from ..objecttype import ObjectType
-from ..scalars import Int, String, Boolean
+from ..scalars import Boolean, Int, String
 from ..schema import Schema
 from ..structures import List, NonNull
 from ..union import Union
-from ..context import Context
 
 
 def test_query():
     class Query(ObjectType):
-        hello = String(resolver=lambda *_: 'World')
+        hello = String(resolver=lambda *_: "World")
 
     hello_schema = Schema(Query)
 
-    executed = hello_schema.execute('{ hello }')
+    executed = hello_schema.execute("{ hello }")
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'hello': 'World'}
+    assert executed.data == {"hello": "World"}
 
 
 def test_query_source():
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ def test_query_source():
 
     hello_schema = Schema(Query)
 
-    executed = hello_schema.execute('{ hello }', Root())
+    executed = hello_schema.execute("{ hello }", Root())
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'hello': 'World'}
+    assert executed.data == {"hello": "World"}
 
 
 def test_query_union():
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ def test_query_union():
             return isinstance(root, two_object)
 
     class MyUnion(Union):
-
         class Meta:
             types = (One, Two)
 
@@ -78,15 +77,9 @@ def test_query_union():
 
     hello_schema = Schema(Query)
 
-    executed = hello_schema.execute('{ unions { __typename } }')
+    executed = hello_schema.execute("{ unions { __typename } }")
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {
-        'unions': [{
-            '__typename': 'One'
-        }, {
-            '__typename': 'Two'
-        }]
-    }
+    assert executed.data == {"unions": [{"__typename": "One"}, {"__typename": "Two"}]}
 
 
 def test_query_interface():
@@ -100,9 +93,8 @@ def test_query_interface():
         base = String()
 
     class One(ObjectType):
-
         class Meta:
-            interfaces = (MyInterface, )
+            interfaces = (MyInterface,)
 
         one = String()
 
@@ -111,9 +103,8 @@ def test_query_interface():
             return isinstance(root, one_object)
 
     class Two(ObjectType):
-
         class Meta:
-            interfaces = (MyInterface, )
+            interfaces = (MyInterface,)
 
         two = String()
 
@@ -129,30 +120,28 @@ def test_query_interface():
 
     hello_schema = Schema(Query, types=[One, Two])
 
-    executed = hello_schema.execute('{ interfaces { __typename } }')
+    executed = hello_schema.execute("{ interfaces { __typename } }")
     assert not executed.errors
     assert executed.data == {
-        'interfaces': [{
-            '__typename': 'One'
-        }, {
-            '__typename': 'Two'
-        }]
+        "interfaces": [{"__typename": "One"}, {"__typename": "Two"}]
     }
 
 
 def test_query_dynamic():
     class Query(ObjectType):
-        hello = Dynamic(lambda: String(resolver=lambda *_: 'World'))
-        hellos = Dynamic(lambda: List(String, resolver=lambda *_: ['Worlds']))
-        hello_field = Dynamic(lambda: Field(
-            String, resolver=lambda *_: 'Field World'))
+        hello = Dynamic(lambda: String(resolver=lambda *_: "World"))
+        hellos = Dynamic(lambda: List(String, resolver=lambda *_: ["Worlds"]))
+        hello_field = Dynamic(lambda: Field(String, resolver=lambda *_: "Field World"))
 
     hello_schema = Schema(Query)
 
-    executed = hello_schema.execute('{ hello hellos helloField }')
+    executed = hello_schema.execute("{ hello hellos helloField }")
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'hello': 'World', 'hellos': [
-        'Worlds'], 'helloField': 'Field World'}
+    assert executed.data == {
+        "hello": "World",
+        "hellos": ["Worlds"],
+        "helloField": "Field World",
+    }
 
 
 def test_query_default_value():
@@ -160,13 +149,13 @@ def test_query_default_value():
         field = String()
 
     class Query(ObjectType):
-        hello = Field(MyType, default_value=MyType(field='something else!'))
+        hello = Field(MyType, default_value=MyType(field="something else!"))
 
     hello_schema = Schema(Query)
 
-    executed = hello_schema.execute('{ hello { field } }')
+    executed = hello_schema.execute("{ hello { field } }")
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'hello': {'field': 'something else!'}}
+    assert executed.data == {"hello": {"field": "something else!"}}
 
 
 def test_query_wrong_default_value():
@@ -178,15 +167,17 @@ def test_query_wrong_default_value():
             return isinstance(root, MyType)
 
     class Query(ObjectType):
-        hello = Field(MyType, default_value='hello')
+        hello = Field(MyType, default_value="hello")
 
     hello_schema = Schema(Query)
 
-    executed = hello_schema.execute('{ hello { field } }')
+    executed = hello_schema.execute("{ hello { field } }")
     assert len(executed.errors) == 1
-    assert executed.errors[0].message == GraphQLError(
-        'Expected value of type "MyType" but got: str.').message
-    assert executed.data == {'hello': None}
+    assert (
+        executed.errors[0].message
+        == GraphQLError('Expected value of type "MyType" but got: str.').message
+    )
+    assert executed.data == {"hello": None}
 
 
 def test_query_default_value_ignored_by_resolver():
@@ -194,14 +185,17 @@ def test_query_default_value_ignored_by_resolver():
         field = String()
 
     class Query(ObjectType):
-        hello = Field(MyType, default_value='hello',
-                      resolver=lambda *_: MyType(field='no default.'))
+        hello = Field(
+            MyType,
+            default_value="hello",
+            resolver=lambda *_: MyType(field="no default."),
+        )
 
     hello_schema = Schema(Query)
 
-    executed = hello_schema.execute('{ hello { field } }')
+    executed = hello_schema.execute("{ hello { field } }")
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'hello': {'field': 'no default.'}}
+    assert executed.data == {"hello": {"field": "no default."}}
 
 
 def test_query_resolve_function():
@@ -209,13 +203,13 @@ def test_query_resolve_function():
         hello = String()
 
         def resolve_hello(self, info):
-            return 'World'
+            return "World"
 
     hello_schema = Schema(Query)
 
-    executed = hello_schema.execute('{ hello }')
+    executed = hello_schema.execute("{ hello }")
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'hello': 'World'}
+    assert executed.data == {"hello": "World"}
 
 
 def test_query_arguments():
@@ -223,24 +217,23 @@ def test_query_arguments():
         test = String(a_str=String(), a_int=Int())
 
         def resolve_test(self, info, **args):
-            return json.dumps([self, args], separators=(',', ':'))
+            return json.dumps([self, args], separators=(",", ":"))
 
     test_schema = Schema(Query)
 
-    result = test_schema.execute('{ test }', None)
+    result = test_schema.execute("{ test }", None)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'test': '[null,{}]'}
+    assert result.data == {"test": "[null,{}]"}
 
-    result = test_schema.execute('{ test(aStr: "String!") }', 'Source!')
+    result = test_schema.execute('{ test(aStr: "String!") }', "Source!")
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'test': '["Source!",{"a_str":"String!"}]'}
+    assert result.data == {"test": '["Source!",{"a_str":"String!"}]'}
 
-    result = test_schema.execute(
-        '{ test(aInt: -123, aStr: "String!") }', 'Source!')
+    result = test_schema.execute('{ test(aInt: -123, aStr: "String!") }', "Source!")
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data in [
-        {'test': '["Source!",{"a_str":"String!","a_int":-123}]'},
-        {'test': '["Source!",{"a_int":-123,"a_str":"String!"}]'}
+        {"test": '["Source!",{"a_str":"String!","a_int":-123}]'},
+        {"test": '["Source!",{"a_int":-123,"a_str":"String!"}]'},
     ]
 
 
@@ -253,25 +246,25 @@ def test_query_input_field():
         test = String(a_input=Input())
 
         def resolve_test(self, info, **args):
-            return json.dumps([self, args], separators=(',', ':'))
+            return json.dumps([self, args], separators=(",", ":"))
 
     test_schema = Schema(Query)
 
-    result = test_schema.execute('{ test }', None)
+    result = test_schema.execute("{ test }", None)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'test': '[null,{}]'}
+    assert result.data == {"test": "[null,{}]"}
+
+    result = test_schema.execute('{ test(aInput: {aField: "String!"} ) }', "Source!")
+    assert not result.errors
+    assert result.data == {"test": '["Source!",{"a_input":{"a_field":"String!"}}]'}
 
     result = test_schema.execute(
-        '{ test(aInput: {aField: "String!"} ) }', 'Source!')
+        '{ test(aInput: {recursiveField: {aField: "String!"}}) }', "Source!"
+    )
     assert not result.errors
     assert result.data == {
-        'test': '["Source!",{"a_input":{"a_field":"String!"}}]'}
-
-    result = test_schema.execute(
-        '{ test(aInput: {recursiveField: {aField: "String!"}}) }', 'Source!')
-    assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {
-        'test': '["Source!",{"a_input":{"recursive_field":{"a_field":"String!"}}}]'}
+        "test": '["Source!",{"a_input":{"recursive_field":{"a_field":"String!"}}}]'
+    }
 
 
 def test_query_middlewares():
@@ -280,10 +273,10 @@ def test_query_middlewares():
         other = String()
 
         def resolve_hello(self, info):
-            return 'World'
+            return "World"
 
         def resolve_other(self, info):
-            return 'other'
+            return "other"
 
     def reversed_middleware(next, *args, **kwargs):
         p = next(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -292,14 +285,14 @@ def test_query_middlewares():
     hello_schema = Schema(Query)
 
     executed = hello_schema.execute(
-        '{ hello, other }', middleware=[reversed_middleware])
+        "{ hello, other }", middleware=[reversed_middleware]
+    )
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'hello': 'dlroW', 'other': 'rehto'}
+    assert executed.data == {"hello": "dlroW", "other": "rehto"}
 
 
 def test_objecttype_on_instances():
     class Ship:
-
         def __init__(self, name):
             self.name = name
 
@@ -314,12 +307,12 @@ def test_objecttype_on_instances():
         ship = Field(ShipType)
 
         def resolve_ship(self, info):
-            return Ship(name='xwing')
+            return Ship(name="xwing")
 
     schema = Schema(query=Query)
-    executed = schema.execute('{ ship { name } }')
+    executed = schema.execute("{ ship { name } }")
     assert not executed.errors
-    assert executed.data == {'ship': {'name': 'xwing'}}
+    assert executed.data == {"ship": {"name": "xwing"}}
 
 
 def test_big_list_query_benchmark(benchmark):
@@ -333,10 +326,10 @@ def test_big_list_query_benchmark(benchmark):
 
     hello_schema = Schema(Query)
 
-    big_list_query = partial(hello_schema.execute, '{ allInts }')
+    big_list_query = partial(hello_schema.execute, "{ allInts }")
     result = benchmark(big_list_query)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'allInts': list(big_list)}
+    assert result.data == {"allInts": list(big_list)}
 
 
 def test_big_list_query_compiled_query_benchmark(benchmark):
@@ -349,13 +342,13 @@ def test_big_list_query_compiled_query_benchmark(benchmark):
             return big_list
 
     hello_schema = Schema(Query)
-    source = Source('{ allInts }')
+    source = Source("{ allInts }")
     query_ast = parse(source)
 
     big_list_query = partial(execute, hello_schema, query_ast)
     result = benchmark(big_list_query)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'allInts': list(big_list)}
+    assert result.data == {"allInts": list(big_list)}
 
 
 def test_big_list_of_containers_query_benchmark(benchmark):
@@ -372,11 +365,10 @@ def test_big_list_of_containers_query_benchmark(benchmark):
 
     hello_schema = Schema(Query)
 
-    big_list_query = partial(hello_schema.execute, '{ allContainers { x } }')
+    big_list_query = partial(hello_schema.execute, "{ allContainers { x } }")
     result = benchmark(big_list_query)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'allContainers': [
-        {'x': c.x} for c in big_container_list]}
+    assert result.data == {"allContainers": [{"x": c.x} for c in big_container_list]}
 
 
 def test_big_list_of_containers_multiple_fields_query_benchmark(benchmark):
@@ -396,15 +388,19 @@ def test_big_list_of_containers_multiple_fields_query_benchmark(benchmark):
 
     hello_schema = Schema(Query)
 
-    big_list_query = partial(hello_schema.execute,
-                             '{ allContainers { x, y, z, o } }')
+    big_list_query = partial(hello_schema.execute, "{ allContainers { x, y, z, o } }")
     result = benchmark(big_list_query)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'allContainers': [
-        {'x': c.x, 'y': c.y, 'z': c.z, 'o': c.o} for c in big_container_list]}
+    assert result.data == {
+        "allContainers": [
+            {"x": c.x, "y": c.y, "z": c.z, "o": c.o} for c in big_container_list
+        ]
+    }
 
 
-def test_big_list_of_containers_multiple_fields_custom_resolvers_query_benchmark(benchmark):
+def test_big_list_of_containers_multiple_fields_custom_resolvers_query_benchmark(
+    benchmark
+):
     class Container(ObjectType):
         x = Int()
         y = Int()
@@ -433,17 +429,17 @@ def test_big_list_of_containers_multiple_fields_custom_resolvers_query_benchmark
 
     hello_schema = Schema(Query)
 
-    big_list_query = partial(hello_schema.execute,
-                             '{ allContainers { x, y, z, o } }')
+    big_list_query = partial(hello_schema.execute, "{ allContainers { x, y, z, o } }")
     result = benchmark(big_list_query)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'allContainers': [
-        {'x': c.x, 'y': c.y, 'z': c.z, 'o': c.o} for c in big_container_list]}
+    assert result.data == {
+        "allContainers": [
+            {"x": c.x, "y": c.y, "z": c.z, "o": c.o} for c in big_container_list
+        ]
+    }
 
 
 def test_query_annotated_resolvers():
-    import json
-
     context = Context(key="context")
 
     class Query(ObjectType):
@@ -466,15 +462,15 @@ def test_query_annotated_resolvers():
 
     result = test_schema.execute('{ annotated(id:"self") }', "base")
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'annotated': 'base-self'}
+    assert result.data == {"annotated": "base-self"}
 
-    result = test_schema.execute('{ context }', "base", context_value=context)
+    result = test_schema.execute("{ context }", "base", context_value=context)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'context': 'base-context'}
+    assert result.data == {"context": "base-context"}
 
-    result = test_schema.execute('{ info }', "base")
+    result = test_schema.execute("{ info }", "base")
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {'info': 'base-info'}
+    assert result.data == {"info": "base-info"}
 
 
 def test_default_as_kwarg_to_NonNull():
@@ -490,7 +486,7 @@ def test_default_as_kwarg_to_NonNull():
             return User(name="foo")
 
     schema = Schema(query=Query)
-    expected = {'user': {'name': 'foo', 'isAdmin': False}}
+    expected = {"user": {"name": "foo", "isAdmin": False}}
     result = schema.execute("{ user { name isAdmin } }")
 
     assert not result.errors

graphene/types/tests/test_resolver.py

@@ -1,38 +1,40 @@
 
-from ..resolver import (attr_resolver, dict_resolver, get_default_resolver,
-                        set_default_resolver)
+from ..resolver import (
+    attr_resolver,
+    dict_resolver,
+    get_default_resolver,
+    set_default_resolver,
+)
 
 args = {}
 context = None
 info = None
 
-demo_dict = {
-    'attr': 'value'
-}
+demo_dict = {"attr": "value"}
 
 
 class demo_obj(object):
-    attr = 'value'
+    attr = "value"
 
 
 def test_attr_resolver():
-    resolved = attr_resolver('attr', None, demo_obj, info, **args)
-    assert resolved == 'value'
+    resolved = attr_resolver("attr", None, demo_obj, info, **args)
+    assert resolved == "value"
 
 
 def test_attr_resolver_default_value():
-    resolved = attr_resolver('attr2', 'default', demo_obj, info, **args)
-    assert resolved == 'default'
+    resolved = attr_resolver("attr2", "default", demo_obj, info, **args)
+    assert resolved == "default"
 
 
 def test_dict_resolver():
-    resolved = dict_resolver('attr', None, demo_dict, info, **args)
-    assert resolved == 'value'
+    resolved = dict_resolver("attr", None, demo_dict, info, **args)
+    assert resolved == "value"
 
 
 def test_dict_resolver_default_value():
-    resolved = dict_resolver('attr2', 'default', demo_dict, info, **args)
-    assert resolved == 'default'
+    resolved = dict_resolver("attr2", "default", demo_dict, info, **args)
+    assert resolved == "default"
 
 
 def test_get_default_resolver_is_attr_resolver():

graphene/types/tests/test_scalar.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from ..scalars import Scalar
 
 def test_scalar():
     class JSONScalar(Scalar):
-        '''Documentation'''
+        """Documentation"""
 
     assert JSONScalar._meta.name == "JSONScalar"
     assert JSONScalar._meta.description == "Documentation"

graphene/types/tests/test_scalars_serialization.py

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ def test_serializes_output_int():
     assert Int.serialize(-9876504321) is None
     assert Int.serialize(1e100) is None
     assert Int.serialize(-1e100) is None
-    assert Int.serialize('-1.1') == -1
-    assert Int.serialize('one') is None
+    assert Int.serialize("-1.1") == -1
+    assert Int.serialize("one") is None
     assert Int.serialize(False) == 0
     assert Int.serialize(True) == 1
 
@@ -26,24 +26,24 @@ def test_serializes_output_float():
     assert Float.serialize(0.1) == 0.1
     assert Float.serialize(1.1) == 1.1
     assert Float.serialize(-1.1) == -1.1
-    assert Float.serialize('-1.1') == -1.1
-    assert Float.serialize('one') is None
+    assert Float.serialize("-1.1") == -1.1
+    assert Float.serialize("one") is None
     assert Float.serialize(False) == 0
     assert Float.serialize(True) == 1
 
 
 def test_serializes_output_string():
-    assert String.serialize('string') == 'string'
-    assert String.serialize(1) == '1'
-    assert String.serialize(-1.1) == '-1.1'
-    assert String.serialize(True) == 'true'
-    assert String.serialize(False) == 'false'
-    assert String.serialize(u'\U0001F601') == u'\U0001F601'
+    assert String.serialize("string") == "string"
+    assert String.serialize(1) == "1"
+    assert String.serialize(-1.1) == "-1.1"
+    assert String.serialize(True) == "true"
+    assert String.serialize(False) == "false"
+    assert String.serialize(u"\U0001F601") == u"\U0001F601"
 
 
 def test_serializes_output_boolean():
-    assert Boolean.serialize('string') is True
-    assert Boolean.serialize('') is False
+    assert Boolean.serialize("string") is True
+    assert Boolean.serialize("") is False
     assert Boolean.serialize(1) is True
     assert Boolean.serialize(0) is False
     assert Boolean.serialize(True) is True

graphene/types/tests/test_schema.py

@@ -35,7 +35,9 @@ def test_schema_get_type_error():
 
 def test_schema_str():
     schema = Schema(Query)
-    assert str(schema) == """schema {
+    assert (
+        str(schema)
+        == """schema {
   query: Query
 }
 
@@ -47,8 +49,9 @@ type Query {
   inner: MyOtherType
 }
 """
+    )
 
 
 def test_schema_introspect():
     schema = Schema(Query)
-    assert '__schema' in schema.introspect()
+    assert "__schema" in schema.introspect()

graphene/types/tests/test_structures.py

@@ -10,14 +10,17 @@ from .utils import MyLazyType
 def test_list():
     _list = List(String)
     assert _list.of_type == String
-    assert str(_list) == '[String]'
+    assert str(_list) == "[String]"
 
 
 def test_list_with_unmounted_type():
     with pytest.raises(Exception) as exc_info:
         List(String())
 
-    assert str(exc_info.value) == 'List could not have a mounted String() as inner type. Try with List(String).'
+    assert (
+        str(exc_info.value)
+        == "List could not have a mounted String() as inner type. Try with List(String)."
+    )
 
 
 def test_list_with_lazy_type():
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ def test_list_inherited_works_nonnull():
 def test_nonnull():
     nonnull = NonNull(String)
     assert nonnull.of_type == String
-    assert str(nonnull) == 'String!'
+    assert str(nonnull) == "String!"
 
 
 def test_nonnull_with_lazy_type():
@@ -82,14 +85,20 @@ def test_nonnull_inherited_dont_work_nonnull():
     with pytest.raises(Exception) as exc_info:
         NonNull(NonNull(String))
 
-    assert str(exc_info.value) == 'Can only create NonNull of a Nullable GraphQLType but got: String!.'
+    assert (
+        str(exc_info.value)
+        == "Can only create NonNull of a Nullable GraphQLType but got: String!."
+    )
 
 
 def test_nonnull_with_unmounted_type():
     with pytest.raises(Exception) as exc_info:
         NonNull(String())
 
-    assert str(exc_info.value) == 'NonNull could not have a mounted String() as inner type. Try with NonNull(String).'
+    assert (
+        str(exc_info.value)
+        == "NonNull could not have a mounted String() as inner type. Try with NonNull(String)."
+    )
 
 
 def test_list_comparasion():

graphene/types/tests/test_typemap.py

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 import pytest
+from graphql.type import (
+    GraphQLArgument,
+    GraphQLEnumType,
+    GraphQLEnumValue,
+    GraphQLField,
+    GraphQLInputObjectField,
+    GraphQLInputObjectType,
+    GraphQLInterfaceType,
+    GraphQLObjectType,
+    GraphQLString,
+)
 
-from graphql.type import (GraphQLArgument, GraphQLEnumType, GraphQLEnumValue,
-                          GraphQLField, GraphQLInputObjectField,
-                          GraphQLInputObjectType, GraphQLInterfaceType,
-                          GraphQLObjectType, GraphQLString)
-
-from ..structures import List, NonNull
 from ..dynamic import Dynamic
 from ..enum import Enum
 from ..field import Field
@@ -13,114 +18,135 @@ from ..inputfield import InputField
 from ..inputobjecttype import InputObjectType
 from ..interface import Interface
 from ..objecttype import ObjectType
-from ..scalars import String, Int
+from ..scalars import Int, String
+from ..structures import List, NonNull
 from ..typemap import TypeMap, resolve_type
 
 
 def test_enum():
     class MyEnum(Enum):
-        '''Description'''
+        """Description"""
+
         foo = 1
         bar = 2
 
         @property
         def description(self):
-            return 'Description {}={}'.format(self.name, self.value)
+            return "Description {}={}".format(self.name, self.value)
 
         @property
         def deprecation_reason(self):
             if self == MyEnum.foo:
-                return 'Is deprecated'
+                return "Is deprecated"
 
     typemap = TypeMap([MyEnum])
-    assert 'MyEnum' in typemap
-    graphql_enum = typemap['MyEnum']
+    assert "MyEnum" in typemap
+    graphql_enum = typemap["MyEnum"]
     assert isinstance(graphql_enum, GraphQLEnumType)
-    assert graphql_enum.name == 'MyEnum'
-    assert graphql_enum.description == 'Description'
+    assert graphql_enum.name == "MyEnum"
+    assert graphql_enum.description == "Description"
     values = graphql_enum.values
     assert values == [
-        GraphQLEnumValue(name='foo', value=1, description='Description foo=1',
-                         deprecation_reason='Is deprecated'),
-        GraphQLEnumValue(name='bar', value=2, description='Description bar=2'),
+        GraphQLEnumValue(
+            name="foo",
+            value=1,
+            description="Description foo=1",
+            deprecation_reason="Is deprecated",
+        ),
+        GraphQLEnumValue(name="bar", value=2, description="Description bar=2"),
     ]
 
 
 def test_objecttype():
     class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
-        '''Description'''
-        foo = String(bar=String(description='Argument description',
-                                default_value='x'), description='Field description')
-        bar = String(name='gizmo')
+        """Description"""
+
+        foo = String(
+            bar=String(description="Argument description", default_value="x"),
+            description="Field description",
+        )
+        bar = String(name="gizmo")
 
         def resolve_foo(self, bar):
             return bar
 
     typemap = TypeMap([MyObjectType])
-    assert 'MyObjectType' in typemap
-    graphql_type = typemap['MyObjectType']
+    assert "MyObjectType" in typemap
+    graphql_type = typemap["MyObjectType"]
     assert isinstance(graphql_type, GraphQLObjectType)
-    assert graphql_type.name == 'MyObjectType'
-    assert graphql_type.description == 'Description'
+    assert graphql_type.name == "MyObjectType"
+    assert graphql_type.description == "Description"
 
     fields = graphql_type.fields
-    assert list(fields.keys()) == ['foo', 'gizmo']
-    foo_field = fields['foo']
+    assert list(fields.keys()) == ["foo", "gizmo"]
+    foo_field = fields["foo"]
     assert isinstance(foo_field, GraphQLField)
-    assert foo_field.description == 'Field description'
-    f = MyObjectType.resolve_foo
-    # assert foo_field.resolver == getattr(f, '__func__', f)
+    assert foo_field.description == "Field description"
+
     assert foo_field.args == {
-        'bar': GraphQLArgument(GraphQLString, description='Argument description', default_value='x', out_name='bar')
+        "bar": GraphQLArgument(
+            GraphQLString,
+            description="Argument description",
+            default_value="x",
+            out_name="bar",
+        )
     }
 
 
 def test_dynamic_objecttype():
     class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
-        '''Description'''
+        """Description"""
+
         bar = Dynamic(lambda: Field(String))
         own = Field(lambda: MyObjectType)
 
     typemap = TypeMap([MyObjectType])
-    assert 'MyObjectType' in typemap
-    assert list(MyObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ['bar', 'own']
-    graphql_type = typemap['MyObjectType']
+    assert "MyObjectType" in typemap
+    assert list(MyObjectType._meta.fields.keys()) == ["bar", "own"]
+    graphql_type = typemap["MyObjectType"]
 
     fields = graphql_type.fields
-    assert list(fields.keys()) == ['bar', 'own']
-    assert fields['bar'].type == GraphQLString
-    assert fields['own'].type == graphql_type
+    assert list(fields.keys()) == ["bar", "own"]
+    assert fields["bar"].type == GraphQLString
+    assert fields["own"].type == graphql_type
 
 
 def test_interface():
     class MyInterface(Interface):
-        '''Description'''
-        foo = String(bar=String(description='Argument description',
-                                default_value='x'), description='Field description')
-        bar = String(name='gizmo', first_arg=String(),
-                     other_arg=String(name='oth_arg'))
+        """Description"""
+
+        foo = String(
+            bar=String(description="Argument description", default_value="x"),
+            description="Field description",
+        )
+        bar = String(name="gizmo", first_arg=String(), other_arg=String(name="oth_arg"))
         own = Field(lambda: MyInterface)
 
         def resolve_foo(self, args, info):
-            return args.get('bar')
+            return args.get("bar")
 
     typemap = TypeMap([MyInterface])
-    assert 'MyInterface' in typemap
-    graphql_type = typemap['MyInterface']
+    assert "MyInterface" in typemap
+    graphql_type = typemap["MyInterface"]
     assert isinstance(graphql_type, GraphQLInterfaceType)
-    assert graphql_type.name == 'MyInterface'
-    assert graphql_type.description == 'Description'
+    assert graphql_type.name == "MyInterface"
+    assert graphql_type.description == "Description"
 
     fields = graphql_type.fields
-    assert list(fields.keys()) == ['foo', 'gizmo', 'own']
-    assert fields['own'].type == graphql_type
-    assert list(fields['gizmo'].args.keys()) == ['firstArg', 'oth_arg']
-    foo_field = fields['foo']
+    assert list(fields.keys()) == ["foo", "gizmo", "own"]
+    assert fields["own"].type == graphql_type
+    assert list(fields["gizmo"].args.keys()) == ["firstArg", "oth_arg"]
+    foo_field = fields["foo"]
     assert isinstance(foo_field, GraphQLField)
-    assert foo_field.description == 'Field description'
+    assert foo_field.description == "Field description"
     assert not foo_field.resolver  # Resolver not attached in interfaces
     assert foo_field.args == {
-        'bar': GraphQLArgument(GraphQLString, description='Argument description', default_value='x', out_name='bar')
+        "bar": GraphQLArgument(
+            GraphQLString,
+            description="Argument description",
+            default_value="x",
+            out_name="bar",
+        )
     }
 
 
@@ -133,103 +159,111 @@ def test_inputobject():
         some_other_field = List(OtherObjectType)
 
     class MyInputObjectType(InputObjectType):
-        '''Description'''
-        foo_bar = String(description='Field description')
-        bar = String(name='gizmo')
+        """Description"""
+
+        foo_bar = String(description="Field description")
+        bar = String(name="gizmo")
         baz = NonNull(MyInnerObjectType)
         own = InputField(lambda: MyInputObjectType)
 
         def resolve_foo_bar(self, args, info):
-            return args.get('bar')
+            return args.get("bar")
 
     typemap = TypeMap([MyInputObjectType])
-    assert 'MyInputObjectType' in typemap
-    graphql_type = typemap['MyInputObjectType']
+    assert "MyInputObjectType" in typemap
+    graphql_type = typemap["MyInputObjectType"]
     assert isinstance(graphql_type, GraphQLInputObjectType)
-    assert graphql_type.name == 'MyInputObjectType'
-    assert graphql_type.description == 'Description'
+    assert graphql_type.name == "MyInputObjectType"
+    assert graphql_type.description == "Description"
 
-    other_graphql_type = typemap['OtherObjectType']
-    inner_graphql_type = typemap['MyInnerObjectType']
-    container = graphql_type.create_container({
-        'bar': 'oh!',
-        'baz': inner_graphql_type.create_container({
-            'some_other_field': [
-                other_graphql_type.create_container({'thingy': 1}),
-                other_graphql_type.create_container({'thingy': 2})
-            ]
-        })
-    })
+    other_graphql_type = typemap["OtherObjectType"]
+    inner_graphql_type = typemap["MyInnerObjectType"]
+    container = graphql_type.create_container(
+        {
+            "bar": "oh!",
+            "baz": inner_graphql_type.create_container(
+                {
+                    "some_other_field": [
+                        other_graphql_type.create_container({"thingy": 1}),
+                        other_graphql_type.create_container({"thingy": 2}),
+                    ]
+                }
+            ),
+        }
+    )
     assert isinstance(container, MyInputObjectType)
-    assert 'bar' in container
-    assert container.bar == 'oh!'
-    assert 'foo_bar' not in container
+    assert "bar" in container
+    assert container.bar == "oh!"
+    assert "foo_bar" not in container
     assert container.foo_bar is None
     assert container.baz.some_field is None
     assert container.baz.some_other_field[0].thingy == 1
     assert container.baz.some_other_field[1].thingy == 2
 
     fields = graphql_type.fields
-    assert list(fields.keys()) == ['fooBar', 'gizmo', 'baz', 'own']
-    own_field = fields['own']
+    assert list(fields.keys()) == ["fooBar", "gizmo", "baz", "own"]
+    own_field = fields["own"]
     assert own_field.type == graphql_type
-    foo_field = fields['fooBar']
+    foo_field = fields["fooBar"]
     assert isinstance(foo_field, GraphQLInputObjectField)
-    assert foo_field.description == 'Field description'
+    assert foo_field.description == "Field description"
 
 
 def test_objecttype_camelcase():
     class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
-        '''Description'''
+        """Description"""
+
         foo_bar = String(bar_foo=String())
 
     typemap = TypeMap([MyObjectType])
-    assert 'MyObjectType' in typemap
-    graphql_type = typemap['MyObjectType']
+    assert "MyObjectType" in typemap
+    graphql_type = typemap["MyObjectType"]
     assert isinstance(graphql_type, GraphQLObjectType)
-    assert graphql_type.name == 'MyObjectType'
-    assert graphql_type.description == 'Description'
+    assert graphql_type.name == "MyObjectType"
+    assert graphql_type.description == "Description"
 
     fields = graphql_type.fields
-    assert list(fields.keys()) == ['fooBar']
-    foo_field = fields['fooBar']
+    assert list(fields.keys()) == ["fooBar"]
+    foo_field = fields["fooBar"]
     assert isinstance(foo_field, GraphQLField)
     assert foo_field.args == {
-        'barFoo': GraphQLArgument(GraphQLString, out_name='bar_foo')
+        "barFoo": GraphQLArgument(GraphQLString, out_name="bar_foo")
     }
 
 
 def test_objecttype_camelcase_disabled():
     class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
-        '''Description'''
+        """Description"""
+
         foo_bar = String(bar_foo=String())
 
     typemap = TypeMap([MyObjectType], auto_camelcase=False)
-    assert 'MyObjectType' in typemap
-    graphql_type = typemap['MyObjectType']
+    assert "MyObjectType" in typemap
+    graphql_type = typemap["MyObjectType"]
     assert isinstance(graphql_type, GraphQLObjectType)
-    assert graphql_type.name == 'MyObjectType'
-    assert graphql_type.description == 'Description'
+    assert graphql_type.name == "MyObjectType"
+    assert graphql_type.description == "Description"
 
     fields = graphql_type.fields
-    assert list(fields.keys()) == ['foo_bar']
-    foo_field = fields['foo_bar']
+    assert list(fields.keys()) == ["foo_bar"]
+    foo_field = fields["foo_bar"]
     assert isinstance(foo_field, GraphQLField)
     assert foo_field.args == {
-        'bar_foo': GraphQLArgument(GraphQLString, out_name='bar_foo')
+        "bar_foo": GraphQLArgument(GraphQLString, out_name="bar_foo")
     }
 
 
 def test_objecttype_with_possible_types():
     class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
-        '''Description'''
+        """Description"""
+
         class Meta:
-            possible_types = (dict, )
+            possible_types = (dict,)
 
         foo_bar = String()
 
     typemap = TypeMap([MyObjectType])
-    graphql_type = typemap['MyObjectType']
+    graphql_type = typemap["MyObjectType"]
     assert graphql_type.is_type_of
     assert graphql_type.is_type_of({}, None) is True
     assert graphql_type.is_type_of(MyObjectType(), None) is False
@@ -247,8 +281,6 @@ def test_resolve_type_with_missing_type():
 
     typemap = TypeMap([MyObjectType])
     with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as excinfo:
-        resolve_type(
-            resolve_type_func, typemap, 'MyOtherObjectType', {}, {}
-        )
+        resolve_type(resolve_type_func, typemap, "MyOtherObjectType", {}, {})
 
-    assert 'MyOtherObjectTyp' in str(excinfo.value)
+    assert "MyOtherObjectTyp" in str(excinfo.value)

graphene/types/tests/test_union.py

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ class MyObjectType2(ObjectType):
 
 def test_generate_union():
     class MyUnion(Union):
-        '''Documentation'''
+        """Documentation"""
+
         class Meta:
             types = (MyObjectType1, MyObjectType2)
 
@@ -27,10 +28,9 @@ def test_generate_union():
 
 def test_generate_union_with_meta():
     class MyUnion(Union):
-
         class Meta:
-            name = 'MyOtherUnion'
-            description = 'Documentation'
+            name = "MyOtherUnion"
+            description = "Documentation"
             types = (MyObjectType1, MyObjectType2)
 
     assert MyUnion._meta.name == "MyOtherUnion"
@@ -39,15 +39,15 @@ def test_generate_union_with_meta():
 
 def test_generate_union_with_no_types():
     with pytest.raises(Exception) as exc_info:
+
         class MyUnion(Union):
             pass
 
-    assert str(exc_info.value) == 'Must provide types for Union MyUnion.'
+    assert str(exc_info.value) == "Must provide types for Union MyUnion."
 
 
 def test_union_can_be_mounted():
     class MyUnion(Union):
-
         class Meta:
             types = (MyObjectType1, MyObjectType2)
 

graphene/types/tests/test_uuid.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from ..uuid import UUID
 from ..objecttype import ObjectType
 from ..schema import Schema
+from ..uuid import UUID
 
 
 class Query(ObjectType):
@@ -9,26 +9,23 @@ class Query(ObjectType):
     def resolve_uuid(self, info, input):
         return input
 
+
 schema = Schema(query=Query)
 
 
 def test_uuidstring_query():
-    uuid_value = 'dfeb3bcf-70fd-11e7-a61a-6003088f8204'
-    result = schema.execute('''{ uuid(input: "%s") }''' % uuid_value)
+    uuid_value = "dfeb3bcf-70fd-11e7-a61a-6003088f8204"
+    result = schema.execute("""{ uuid(input: "%s") }""" % uuid_value)
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {
-        'uuid': uuid_value
-    }
+    assert result.data == {"uuid": uuid_value}
 
 
 def test_uuidstring_query_variable():
-    uuid_value = 'dfeb3bcf-70fd-11e7-a61a-6003088f8204'
+    uuid_value = "dfeb3bcf-70fd-11e7-a61a-6003088f8204"
 
     result = schema.execute(
-        '''query Test($uuid: UUID){ uuid(input: $uuid) }''',
-        variable_values={'uuid': uuid_value}
+        """query Test($uuid: UUID){ uuid(input: $uuid) }""",
+        variable_values={"uuid": uuid_value},
     )
     assert not result.errors
-    assert result.data == {
-        'uuid': uuid_value
-    }
+    assert result.data == {"uuid": uuid_value}

graphene/types/typemap.py

@@ -2,19 +2,33 @@ import inspect
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from functools import partial
 
-from graphql import (GraphQLArgument, GraphQLBoolean, GraphQLField,
-                     GraphQLFloat, GraphQLID, GraphQLInputObjectField,
-                     GraphQLInt, GraphQLList, GraphQLNonNull, GraphQLString)
+from graphql import (
+    GraphQLArgument,
+    GraphQLBoolean,
+    GraphQLField,
+    GraphQLFloat,
+    GraphQLID,
+    GraphQLInputObjectField,
+    GraphQLInt,
+    GraphQLList,
+    GraphQLNonNull,
+    GraphQLString,
+)
 from graphql.execution.executor import get_default_resolve_type_fn
 from graphql.type import GraphQLEnumValue
 from graphql.type.typemap import GraphQLTypeMap
 
 from ..utils.get_unbound_function import get_unbound_function
 from ..utils.str_converters import to_camel_case
-from .definitions import (GrapheneEnumType, GrapheneGraphQLType,
-                          GrapheneInputObjectType, GrapheneInterfaceType,
-                          GrapheneObjectType, GrapheneScalarType,
-                          GrapheneUnionType)
+from .definitions import (
+    GrapheneEnumType,
+    GrapheneGraphQLType,
+    GrapheneInputObjectType,
+    GrapheneInterfaceType,
+    GrapheneObjectType,
+    GrapheneScalarType,
+    GrapheneUnionType,
+)
 from .dynamic import Dynamic
 from .enum import Enum
 from .field import Field
@@ -31,9 +45,9 @@ from .utils import get_field_as
 def is_graphene_type(_type):
     if isinstance(_type, (List, NonNull)):
         return True
-    if inspect.isclass(_type) and issubclass(_type,
-                                             (ObjectType, InputObjectType,
-                                              Scalar, Interface, Union, Enum)):
+    if inspect.isclass(_type) and issubclass(
+        _type, (ObjectType, InputObjectType, Scalar, Interface, Union, Enum)
+    ):
         return True
 
 
@@ -46,11 +60,9 @@ def resolve_type(resolve_type_func, map, type_name, root, info):
 
     if inspect.isclass(_type) and issubclass(_type, ObjectType):
         graphql_type = map.get(_type._meta.name)
-        assert graphql_type, "Can't find type {} in schema".format(
-            _type._meta.name
-        )
+        assert graphql_type, "Can't find type {} in schema".format(_type._meta.name)
         assert graphql_type.graphene_type == _type, (
-            'The type {} does not match with the associated graphene type {}.'
+            "The type {} does not match with the associated graphene type {}."
         ).format(_type, graphql_type.graphene_type)
         return graphql_type
 
@@ -62,7 +74,6 @@ def is_type_of_from_possible_types(possible_types, root, info):
 
 
 class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
-
     def __init__(self, types, auto_camelcase=True, schema=None):
         self.auto_camelcase = auto_camelcase
         self.schema = schema
@@ -84,7 +95,7 @@ class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
             _type = map[type._meta.name]
             if isinstance(_type, GrapheneGraphQLType):
                 assert _type.graphene_type == type, (
-                    'Found different types with the same name in the schema: {}, {}.'
+                    "Found different types with the same name in the schema: {}, {}."
                 ).format(_type.graphene_type, type)
             return map
 
@@ -101,8 +112,7 @@ class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
         elif issubclass(type, Union):
             internal_type = self.construct_union(map, type)
         else:
-            raise Exception(
-                "Expected Graphene type, but received: {}.".format(type))
+            raise Exception("Expected Graphene type, but received: {}.".format(type))
 
         return GraphQLTypeMap.reducer(map, internal_type)
 
@@ -114,7 +124,7 @@ class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
             Int: GraphQLInt,
             Float: GraphQLFloat,
             Boolean: GraphQLBoolean,
-            ID: GraphQLID
+            ID: GraphQLID,
         }
         if type in _scalars:
             return _scalars[type]
@@ -123,15 +133,16 @@ class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
             graphene_type=type,
             name=type._meta.name,
             description=type._meta.description,
-            serialize=getattr(type, 'serialize', None),
-            parse_value=getattr(type, 'parse_value', None),
-            parse_literal=getattr(type, 'parse_literal', None), )
+            serialize=getattr(type, "serialize", None),
+            parse_value=getattr(type, "parse_value", None),
+            parse_literal=getattr(type, "parse_literal", None),
+        )
 
     def construct_enum(self, map, type):
         values = OrderedDict()
         for name, value in type._meta.enum.__members__.items():
-            description = getattr(value, 'description', None)
-            deprecation_reason = getattr(value, 'deprecation_reason', None)
+            description = getattr(value, "description", None)
+            deprecation_reason = getattr(value, "deprecation_reason", None)
             if not description and callable(type._meta.description):
                 description = type._meta.description(value)
 
@@ -142,22 +153,28 @@ class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
                 name=name,
                 value=value.value,
                 description=description,
-                deprecation_reason=deprecation_reason)
+                deprecation_reason=deprecation_reason,
+            )
 
-        type_description = type._meta.description(None) if callable(type._meta.description) else type._meta.description
+        type_description = (
+            type._meta.description(None)
+            if callable(type._meta.description)
+            else type._meta.description
+        )
 
         return GrapheneEnumType(
             graphene_type=type,
             values=values,
             name=type._meta.name,
-            description=type_description, )
+            description=type_description,
+        )
 
     def construct_objecttype(self, map, type):
         if type._meta.name in map:
             _type = map[type._meta.name]
             if isinstance(_type, GrapheneGraphQLType):
                 assert _type.graphene_type == type, (
-                    'Found different types with the same name in the schema: {}, {}.'
+                    "Found different types with the same name in the schema: {}, {}."
                 ).format(_type.graphene_type, type)
             return _type
 
@@ -171,8 +188,9 @@ class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
             return interfaces
 
         if type._meta.possible_types:
-            is_type_of = partial(is_type_of_from_possible_types,
-                                 type._meta.possible_types)
+            is_type_of = partial(
+                is_type_of_from_possible_types, type._meta.possible_types
+            )
         else:
             is_type_of = type.is_type_of
 
@@ -182,27 +200,30 @@ class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
             description=type._meta.description,
             fields=partial(self.construct_fields_for_type, map, type),
             is_type_of=is_type_of,
-            interfaces=interfaces)
+            interfaces=interfaces,
+        )
 
     def construct_interface(self, map, type):
         if type._meta.name in map:
             _type = map[type._meta.name]
             if isinstance(_type, GrapheneInterfaceType):
                 assert _type.graphene_type == type, (
-                    'Found different types with the same name in the schema: {}, {}.'
+                    "Found different types with the same name in the schema: {}, {}."
                 ).format(_type.graphene_type, type)
             return _type
 
         _resolve_type = None
         if type.resolve_type:
-            _resolve_type = partial(resolve_type, type.resolve_type, map,
-                                    type._meta.name)
+            _resolve_type = partial(
+                resolve_type, type.resolve_type, map, type._meta.name
+            )
         return GrapheneInterfaceType(
             graphene_type=type,
             name=type._meta.name,
             description=type._meta.description,
             fields=partial(self.construct_fields_for_type, map, type),
-            resolve_type=_resolve_type, )
+            resolve_type=_resolve_type,
+        )
 
     def construct_inputobjecttype(self, map, type):
         return GrapheneInputObjectType(
@@ -211,14 +232,16 @@ class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
             description=type._meta.description,
             container_type=type._meta.container,
             fields=partial(
-                self.construct_fields_for_type, map, type, is_input_type=True),
+                self.construct_fields_for_type, map, type, is_input_type=True
+            ),
         )
 
     def construct_union(self, map, type):
         _resolve_type = None
         if type.resolve_type:
-            _resolve_type = partial(resolve_type, type.resolve_type, map,
-                                    type._meta.name)
+            _resolve_type = partial(
+                resolve_type, type.resolve_type, map, type._meta.name
+            )
 
         def types():
             union_types = []
@@ -233,7 +256,8 @@ class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
             graphene_type=type,
             name=type._meta.name,
             types=types,
-            resolve_type=_resolve_type, )
+            resolve_type=_resolve_type,
+        )
 
     def get_name(self, name):
         if self.auto_camelcase:
@@ -254,7 +278,8 @@ class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
                     field_type,
                     default_value=field.default_value,
                     out_name=name,
-                    description=field.description)
+                    description=field.description,
+                )
             else:
                 args = OrderedDict()
                 for arg_name, arg in field.args.items():
@@ -265,19 +290,17 @@ class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
                         arg_type,
                         out_name=arg_name,
                         description=arg.description,
-                        default_value=arg.default_value)
+                        default_value=arg.default_value,
+                    )
                 _field = GraphQLField(
                     field_type,
                     args=args,
                     resolver=field.get_resolver(
-                        self.get_resolver_for_type(
-                            type,
-                            name,
-                            field.default_value
-                        )
+                        self.get_resolver_for_type(type, name, field.default_value)
                     ),
                     deprecation_reason=field.deprecation_reason,
-                    description=field.description)
+                    description=field.description,
+                )
             field_name = field.name or self.get_name(name)
             fields[field_name] = _field
         return fields
@@ -285,7 +308,7 @@ class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
     def get_resolver_for_type(self, type, name, default_value):
         if not issubclass(type, ObjectType):
             return
-        resolver = getattr(type, 'resolve_{}'.format(name), None)
+        resolver = getattr(type, "resolve_{}".format(name), None)
         if not resolver:
             # If we don't find the resolver in the ObjectType class, then try to
             # find it in each of the interfaces
@@ -293,8 +316,7 @@ class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
             for interface in type._meta.interfaces:
                 if name not in interface._meta.fields:
                     continue
-                interface_resolver = getattr(interface,
-                                             'resolve_{}'.format(name), None)
+                interface_resolver = getattr(interface, "resolve_{}".format(name), None)
                 if interface_resolver:
                     break
             resolver = interface_resolver
@@ -303,8 +325,7 @@ class TypeMap(GraphQLTypeMap):
         if resolver:
             return get_unbound_function(resolver)
 
-        default_resolver = type._meta.default_resolver or get_default_resolver(
-        )
+        default_resolver = type._meta.default_resolver or get_default_resolver()
         return partial(default_resolver, name, default_value)
 
     def get_field_type(self, map, type):

graphene/types/union.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from .base import BaseOptions, BaseType
 from .unmountedtype import UnmountedType
 
-
 # For static type checking with Mypy
 MYPY = False
 if MYPY:
@@ -14,19 +13,19 @@ class UnionOptions(BaseOptions):
 
 
 class Union(UnmountedType, BaseType):
-    '''
+    """
     Union Type Definition
 
     When a field can return one of a heterogeneous set of types, a Union type
     is used to describe what types are possible as well as providing a function
     to determine which type is actually used when the field is resolved.
-    '''
+    """
+
     @classmethod
     def __init_subclass_with_meta__(cls, types=None, **options):
         assert (
-            isinstance(types, (list, tuple)) and
-            len(types) > 0
-        ), 'Must provide types for Union {name}.'.format(name=cls.__name__)
+            isinstance(types, (list, tuple)) and len(types) > 0
+        ), "Must provide types for Union {name}.".format(name=cls.__name__)
 
         _meta = UnionOptions(cls)
         _meta.types = types
@@ -34,14 +33,15 @@ class Union(UnmountedType, BaseType):
 
     @classmethod
     def get_type(cls):
-        '''
+        """
         This function is called when the unmounted type (Union instance)
         is mounted (as a Field, InputField or Argument)
-        '''
+        """
         return cls
 
     @classmethod
     def resolve_type(cls, instance, info):
         from .objecttype import ObjectType  # NOQA
+
         if isinstance(instance, ObjectType):
             return type(instance)

graphene/types/unmountedtype.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from ..utils.orderedtype import OrderedType
 
 
 class UnmountedType(OrderedType):
-    '''
+    """
     This class acts a proxy for a Graphene Type, so it can be mounted
     dynamically as Field, InputField or Argument.
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class UnmountedType(OrderedType):
     It let you write
     >>> class MyObjectType(ObjectType):
     >>>     my_field = String(description='Description here')
-    '''
+    """
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super(UnmountedType, self).__init__()
@@ -21,42 +21,43 @@ class UnmountedType(OrderedType):
         self.kwargs = kwargs
 
     def get_type(self):
-        '''
+        """
         This function is called when the UnmountedType instance
         is mounted (as a Field, InputField or Argument)
-        '''
+        """
         raise NotImplementedError("get_type not implemented in {}".format(self))
 
     def mount_as(self, _as):
         return _as.mounted(self)
 
     def Field(self):  # noqa: N802
-        '''
+        """
         Mount the UnmountedType as Field
-        '''
+        """
         from .field import Field
+
         return self.mount_as(Field)
 
     def InputField(self):  # noqa: N802
-        '''
+        """
         Mount the UnmountedType as InputField
-        '''
+        """
         from .inputfield import InputField
+
         return self.mount_as(InputField)
 
     def Argument(self):  # noqa: N802
-        '''
+        """
         Mount the UnmountedType as Argument
-        '''
+        """
         from .argument import Argument
+
         return self.mount_as(Argument)
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
-        return (
-            self is other or (
-                isinstance(other, UnmountedType) and
-                self.get_type() == other.get_type() and
-                self.args == other.args and
-                self.kwargs == other.kwargs
-            )
+        return self is other or (
+            isinstance(other, UnmountedType)
+            and self.get_type() == other.get_type()
+            and self.args == other.args
+            and self.kwargs == other.kwargs
         )