2025-07-11 16:42:23 +03:00
397 changed files with 17563 additions and 16906 deletions
--- a/.coveragerc
+++ b/.coveragerc
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 [run]
-omit = graphene/pyutils/*,*/tests/*
+omit = graphene/utils/enum.py,graphene/contrib/django/debug/sql/tracking.py,*/tests/*
--- a/.editorconfig
+++ b/.editorconfig
@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ trim_trailing_whitespace = true
 [*.{py,rst,ini}]
 indent_style = space
 indent_size = 4
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
 ---
 name: Bug report
 about: Create a report to help us improve
 title: ''
 labels: "\U0001F41B bug"
 assignees: ''
 ---
 **Note: for support questions, please use stackoverflow**. This repository's issues are reserved for feature requests and bug reports.
 * **What is the current behavior?**
 * **If the current behavior is a bug, please provide the steps to reproduce and if possible a minimal demo of the problem** via
 a github repo, https://repl.it or similar.
 * **What is the expected behavior?**
 * **What is the motivation / use case for changing the behavior?**
 * **Please tell us about your environment:**
  - Version:
  - Platform:
 * **Other information** (e.g. detailed explanation, stacktraces, related issues, suggestions how to fix, links for us to have context, eg. stackoverflow)
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@ -1 +0,0 @@
 blank_issues_enabled: false
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
 ---
 name: Feature request
 about: Suggest an idea for this project
 title: ''
 labels: "✨ enhancement"
 assignees: ''
 ---
 **Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
 A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always frustrated when [...]
 **Describe the solution you'd like**
 A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
 **Describe alternatives you've considered**
 A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered.
 **Additional context**
 Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.
--- a/.github/stale.yml
+++ b/.github/stale.yml
@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
 # Number of days of inactivity before an issue becomes stale
 daysUntilStale: false
 # Number of days of inactivity before a stale issue is closed
 daysUntilClose: false
 # Issues with these labels will never be considered stale
 exemptLabels:
  - pinned
  - security
  - 🐛 bug
  - 📖 documentation
  - 🙋 help wanted
  - ✨ enhancement
  - good first issue
  - work in progress
 # Label to use when marking an issue as stale
 staleLabel: wontfix
 # Comment to post when marking an issue as stale. Set to `false` to disable
 markComment: false
 # markComment: >
  # This issue has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had
  # recent activity. It will be closed if no further activity occurs. Thank you
  # for your contributions.
 # Comment to post when closing a stale issue. Set to `false` to disable
 closeComment: false
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yaml
@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
 name: 📦 Build
 on: [push, pull_request]
 jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - name: Set up Python 3.10
      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
      with:
        python-version: "3.10"
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: |
        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
        pip install build twine
    - name: Building package
      run: python3 -m build
    - name: Check package with Twine
      run: twine check dist/*
--- a/.github/workflows/deploy.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/deploy.yml
@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
 name: 🚀 Deploy to PyPI
 on:
  push:
    tags:
      - 'v*'
 jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - name: Set up Python 3.10
      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
      with:
        python-version: "3.10"
    - name: Build wheel and source tarball
      run: |
        pip install wheel
        python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
    - name: Publish a Python distribution to PyPI
      uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.1.0
      with:
        user: __token__
        password: ${{ secrets.pypi_password }}
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
 name: 💅 Lint
 on: [push, pull_request]
 jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - name: Set up Python 3.10
      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
      with:
        python-version: "3.10"
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: |
        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
        pip install tox
    - name: Run lint
      run: tox
      env:
        TOXENV: pre-commit
    - name: Run mypy
      run: tox
      env:
        TOXENV: mypy
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
 name: 📄 Tests
 on:
  push:
    branches:
      - master
      - '*.x'
    paths-ignore:
      - 'docs/**'
      - '*.md'
      - '*.rst'
  pull_request:
    branches:
      - master
      - '*.x'
    paths-ignore:
      - 'docs/**'
      - '*.md'
      - '*.rst'
 jobs:
  tests:
    # runs the test suite
    name: ${{ matrix.name }}
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        include:
          - {name: '3.13', python: '3.13', os: ubuntu-latest, tox: py313}
          - {name: '3.12', python: '3.12', os: ubuntu-latest, tox: py312}
          - {name: '3.11', python: '3.11', os: ubuntu-latest, tox: py311}
          - {name: '3.10', python: '3.10', os: ubuntu-latest, tox: py310}
          - {name: '3.9', python: '3.9', os: ubuntu-latest, tox: py39}
          - {name: '3.8', python: '3.8', os: ubuntu-latest, tox: py38}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          python-version: ${{ matrix.python }}
      - name: update pip
        run: |
          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
          pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel
      - name: get pip cache dir
        id: pip-cache
        run: echo "dir=$(pip cache dir)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
      - name: cache pip dependencies
        uses: actions/cache@v3
        with:
          path: ${{ steps.pip-cache.outputs.dir }}
          key: pip|${{ runner.os }}|${{ matrix.python }}|${{ hashFiles('setup.py') }}
      - run: pip install tox
      - run: tox -e ${{ matrix.tox }}
      - name: Upload coverage.xml
        if: ${{ matrix.python == '3.10' }}
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: graphene-coverage
          path: coverage.xml
          if-no-files-found: error
      - name: Upload coverage.xml to codecov
        if: ${{ matrix.python == '3.10' }}
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ __pycache__/
 # Distribution / packaging
 .Python
 env/
 build/
 develop-eggs/
 dist/
@ -41,11 +42,9 @@ htmlcov/
 .coverage
 .coverage.*
 .cache
 .pytest_cache
 nosetests.xml
 coverage.xml
-*.cover
+*,cover
 .pytest_cache/
 # Translations
 *.mo
@ -60,14 +59,6 @@ docs/_build/
 # PyBuilder
 target/
 # VirtualEnv
 .env
 .venv
 env/
 venv/
 # Typing
 .mypy_cache/
 /tests/django.sqlite
@ -84,10 +75,6 @@ venv/
 # PyCharm
 .idea
 *.iml
 # Databases
 *.sqlite3
 .vscode
 .mypy_cache
 .ruff_cache
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
 default_language_version:
  python: python3.10
 repos:
 -   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
    rev: v4.3.0
    hooks:
    -   id: check-merge-conflict
    -   id: check-json
    -   id: check-yaml
    -   id: debug-statements
    -   id: end-of-file-fixer
        exclude: ^docs/.*$
    -   id: pretty-format-json
        args:
        - --autofix
    -   id: trailing-whitespace
        exclude: README.md
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
    rev: v2.37.3
    hooks:
    -   id: pyupgrade
 -   repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
    # Ruff version.
    rev: v0.5.0
    hooks:
        - id: ruff
        - id: ruff-format
          args: [ --check ]
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
 language: python
 sudo: false
 python:
 - 2.7
 - 3.4
 - 3.5
 - pypy
 cache:
  directories:
  - .cache/pip/
  - $HOME/.cache/pip
  - docs/node_modules/
  - $HOME/docs/node_modules
 before_install:
 - |
  git_diff=$(git diff --name-only $TRAVIS_COMMIT_RANGE)
  if [ "$?" == 0 ] && [ "$TEST_TYPE" != build_website ] && \
    ! echo "$git_diff" | grep -qvE '(\.md$)|(^(docs))/'
  then
    echo "Only docs were updated, stopping build process."
    exit
  fi
 install:
 - |
  if [ "$TEST_TYPE" = build ]; then
    pip install --download-cache $HOME/.cache/pip/ pytest pytest-cov coveralls six pytest-django django-filter sqlalchemy_utils
    pip install --download-cache $HOME/.cache/pip/ -e .[django]
    pip install --download-cache $HOME/.cache/pip/ -e .[sqlalchemy]
    pip install django==$DJANGO_VERSION
    python setup.py develop
  elif [ "$TEST_TYPE" = build_website ]; then
    pip install --download-cache $HOME/.cache/pip/ -e .
    python setup.py develop
  elif [ "$TEST_TYPE" = lint ]; then
    pip install --download-cache $HOME/.cache/pip/ flake8
  fi
 script:
 - |
  if [ "$TEST_TYPE" = build_website ]; then
    if [ "$TRAVIS_BRANCH" = "master" ] && [ "$TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST" = false ]; then
      echo "Building the web."
      nvm install 4.0
      GH_PAGES_DIR="$TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR"/docs/public
      git config --global user.name "Travis CI"
      git config --global user.email "travis@graphene-python.org"
      git clone --branch gh-pages --depth=50 \
        https://graphql-python-bot@github.com/graphql-python/graphene.git \
        $GH_PAGES_DIR
      cd docs
      ./playground/graphene-js/build.sh
      npm run deploy
      cd $GH_PAGES_DIR
      git status
      git add --intent-to-add .
      if ! git diff-index --quiet HEAD --; then
        git add -A .
        git commit -m "Rebuild website"
        git push "https://${GITHUB_TOKEN}@github.com/graphql-python/graphene.git" gh-pages
      fi
      exit
    fi
  elif [ "$TEST_TYPE" = lint ]; then
    echo "Checking Python code lint."
    flake8
    exit
  elif [ "$TEST_TYPE" = build ]; then
    py.test --cov=graphene
  fi
 after_success:
 - |
  if [ "$TEST_TYPE" = build ]; then
      coveralls
  fi
 env:
  matrix:
  - TEST_TYPE=build
  global:
    secure: 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
 matrix:
  fast_finish: true
  include:
  - python: '2.7'
    env: TEST_TYPE=build DJANGO_VERSION=1.6
  - python: '2.7'
    env: TEST_TYPE=build DJANGO_VERSION=1.7
  - python: '2.7'
    env: TEST_TYPE=build DJANGO_VERSION=1.8
  - python: '2.7'
    env: TEST_TYPE=build DJANGO_VERSION=1.9
  - python: '2.7'
    env: TEST_TYPE=build_website
  - python: '2.7'
    env: TEST_TYPE=lint
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)
-Copyright (c) 2015-Present Syrus Akbary
+Copyright (c) 2015 Syrus Akbary
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
--- a/MANIFEST.in
+++ b/MANIFEST.in
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
 global-exclude tests/*
 recursive-exclude tests *
 recursive-exclude tests_py35 *
 recursive-exclude examples *
 include LICENSE
--- a/28
+++ b/28
@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
 .PHONY: help
 help:
 	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
 	@grep -E '^\.PHONY: [a-zA-Z_-]+ .*?## .*$$' $(MAKEFILE_LIST) | sort | awk 'BEGIN {FS = "(: |##)"}; {printf "\033[36m%-30s\033[0m %s\n", $$2, $$3}'
 .PHONY: install-dev ## Install development dependencies
 install-dev:
 	pip install -e ".[dev]"
 .PHONY: test ## Run tests
 test:
 	py.test graphene examples
 .PHONY: docs ## Generate docs
 docs: install-dev
 	cd docs && make install && make html
 .PHONY: docs-live ## Generate docs with live reloading
 docs-live: install-dev
 	cd docs && make install && make livehtml
 .PHONY: format
 format:
 	black graphene examples setup.py
 .PHONY: lint
 lint:
 	flake8 graphene examples setup.py
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -1,53 +1,47 @@
-# ![Graphene Logo](http://graphene-python.org/favicon.png) [Graphene](http://graphene-python.org)  [![PyPI version](https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/graphql-python/graphene/badge.svg?branch=master&service=github)](https://coveralls.io/github/graphql-python/graphene?branch=master) [![](https://dcbadge.vercel.app/api/server/T6Gp6NFYHe?style=flat)](https://discord.gg/T6Gp6NFYHe)
+# ![Graphene Logo](http://graphene-python.org/favicon.png) [Graphene](http://graphene-python.org) [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/graphql-python/graphene.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/graphql-python/graphene) [![PyPI version](https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/graphql-python/graphene/badge.svg?branch=master&service=github)](https://coveralls.io/github/graphql-python/graphene?branch=master)
 [💬 Join the community on Discord](https://discord.gg/T6Gp6NFYHe)
-**We are looking for contributors**! Please check the current issues to see how you can help ❤️
+[Graphene](http://graphene-python.org) is a Python library for building GraphQL schemas/types fast and easily.
 ## Introduction
 [Graphene](http://graphene-python.org) is an opinionated Python library for building GraphQL schemas/types fast and easily.
 - **Easy to use:** Graphene helps you use GraphQL in Python without effort.
- **Relay:** Graphene has builtin support for Relay.
+- **Relay:** Graphene has builtin support for Relay
- **Data agnostic:** Graphene supports any kind of data source: SQL (Django, SQLAlchemy), Mongo, custom Python objects, etc.
+- **Django:** Automatic *Django model* mapping to Graphene Types. Check a fully working [Django](http://github.com/graphql-python/swapi-graphene) implementation
  We believe that by providing a complete API you could plug Graphene anywhere your data lives and make your data available
  through GraphQL.
-## Integrations
+Graphene also supports *SQLAlchemy*!
-Graphene has multiple integrations with different frameworks:
+*What is supported in this Python version?* **Everything**: Interfaces, ObjectTypes, Scalars, Unions and Relay (Nodes, Connections), in addition to queries, mutations and subscriptions.
-| integration       | Package                                                                                 |
+**NEW**!: [Try graphene online](http://graphene-python.org/playground/)
 | ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
 | SQLAlchemy        | [graphene-sqlalchemy](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-sqlalchemy/)           |
 | Mongo             | [graphene-mongo](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-mongo/)                     |
 | Apollo Federation | [graphene-federation](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-federation/)           |
 | Django            | [graphene-django](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/)                   |
 Also, Graphene is fully compatible with the GraphQL spec, working seamlessly with all GraphQL clients, such as [Relay](https://github.com/facebook/relay), [Apollo](https://github.com/apollographql/apollo-client) and [gql](https://github.com/graphql-python/gql).
 ## Installation
-To install `graphene`, just run this command in your shell
+For instaling graphene, just run this command in your shell
 ```bash
-pip install "graphene>=3.1"
+pip install graphene
 # In case of need Django model support
 pip install graphene[django]
 # Or in case of need SQLAlchemy support
 pip install graphene[sqlalchemy]
 ```
 ## Examples
-Here is one example for you to get started:
+Here is one example for get you started:
 ```python
 import graphene
 class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
    hello = graphene.String(description='A typical hello world')
    ping = graphene.String(description='Ping someone',
                           to=graphene.String())
-    def resolve_hello(self, info):
+    def resolve_hello(self, args, info):
        return 'World'
    def resolve_ping(self, args, info):
        return 'Pinging {}'.format(args.get('to'))
 schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
 ```
@ -57,6 +51,7 @@ Then Querying `graphene.Schema` is as simple as:
 query = '''
    query SayHello {
      hello
      ping(to:"peter")
    }
 '''
 result = schema.execute(query)
@ -64,67 +59,22 @@ result = schema.execute(query)
 If you want to learn even more, you can also check the following [examples](examples/):
- **Basic Schema**: [Starwars example](examples/starwars)
+* **Basic Schema**: [Starwars example](examples/starwars)
- **Relay Schema**: [Starwars Relay example](examples/starwars_relay)
+* **Relay Schema**: [Starwars Relay example](examples/starwars_relay)
 * **Django model mapping**: [Starwars Django example](examples/starwars_django)
 * **SQLAlchemy model mapping**: [Flask SQLAlchemy example](examples/flask_sqlalchemy)
 ## Documentation
 Documentation and links to additional resources are available at
 https://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/
 ## Contributing
-After cloning this repo, create a [virtualenv](https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/stable/) and ensure dependencies are installed by running:
+After cloning this repo, ensure dependencies are installed by running:
 ```sh
-virtualenv venv
+python setup.py install
 source venv/bin/activate
 pip install -e ".[test]"
 ```
-Well-written tests and maintaining good test coverage is important to this project. While developing, run new and existing tests with:
+After developing, the full test suite can be evaluated by running:
 ```sh
-pytest graphene/relay/tests/test_node.py # Single file
+python setup.py test # Use --pytest-args="-v -s" for verbose mode
 pytest graphene/relay # All tests in directory
 ```
 Add the `-s` flag if you have introduced breakpoints into the code for debugging.
 Add the `-v` ("verbose") flag to get more detailed test output. For even more detailed output, use `-vv`.
 Check out the [pytest documentation](https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/) for more options and test running controls.
 Regularly ensure your `pre-commit` hooks are up to date and enabled:
 ```sh
 pre-commit install
 ```
 You can also run the benchmarks with:
 ```sh
 pytest graphene --benchmark-only
 ```
 Graphene supports several versions of Python. To make sure that changes do not break compatibility with any of those versions, we use `tox` to create virtualenvs for each Python version and run tests with that version. To run against all Python versions defined in the `tox.ini` config file, just run:
 ```sh
 tox
 ```
 If you wish to run against a specific version defined in the `tox.ini` file:
 ```sh
 tox -e py39
 ```
 Tox can only use whatever versions of Python are installed on your system. When you create a pull request, GitHub Actions pipelines will also be running the same tests and report the results, so there is no need for potential contributors to try to install every single version of Python on their own system ahead of time. We appreciate opening issues and pull requests to make graphene even more stable & useful!
 ### Building Documentation
 The documentation is generated using the excellent [Sphinx](http://www.sphinx-doc.org/) and a custom theme.
 An HTML version of the documentation is produced by running:
 ```sh
 make docs
 ```
--- a/README.rst
+++ b/README.rst
@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
 |Graphene Logo| `Graphene <http://graphene-python.org>`__ |Build Status| |PyPI version| |Coverage Status|
 =========================================================================================================
 `Graphene <http://graphene-python.org>`__ is a Python library for
 building GraphQL schemas/types fast and easily.
 -  **Easy to use:** Graphene helps you use GraphQL in Python without
   effort.
 -  **Relay:** Graphene has builtin support for Relay
 -  **Django:** Automatic *Django model* mapping to Graphene Types. Check
   a fully working
   `Django <http://github.com/graphql-python/swapi-graphene>`__
   implementation
 Graphene also supports *SQLAlchemy*!
 *What is supported in this Python version?* **Everything**: Interfaces,
 ObjectTypes, Scalars, Unions and Relay (Nodes, Connections), in addition
 to queries, mutations and subscriptions.
 **NEW**!: `Try graphene
 online <http://graphene-python.org/playground/>`__
 Installation
 ------------
 For instaling graphene, just run this command in your shell
 .. code:: bash
    pip install graphene
    # In case of need Django model support
    pip install graphene[django]
    # Or in case of need SQLAlchemy support
    pip install graphene[sqlalchemy]
 Examples
 --------
 Here is one example for get you started:
 .. code:: python
    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
        hello = graphene.String(description='A typical hello world')
        ping = graphene.String(description='Ping someone',
                               to=graphene.String())
        def resolve_hello(self, args, info):
            return 'World'
        def resolve_ping(self, args, info):
            return 'Pinging {}'.format(args.get('to'))
    schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
 Then Querying ``graphene.Schema`` is as simple as:
 .. code:: python
    query = '''
        query SayHello {
          hello
          ping(to:"peter")
        }
    '''
    result = schema.execute(query)
 If you want to learn even more, you can also check the following
 `examples <examples/>`__:
 -  **Basic Schema**: `Starwars example <examples/starwars>`__
 -  **Relay Schema**: `Starwars Relay
   example <examples/starwars_relay>`__
 -  **Django model mapping**: `Starwars Django
   example <examples/starwars_django>`__
 -  **SQLAlchemy model mapping**: `Flask SQLAlchemy
   example <examples/flask_sqlalchemy>`__
 Contributing
 ------------
 After cloning this repo, ensure dependencies are installed by running:
 .. code:: sh
    python setup.py install
 After developing, the full test suite can be evaluated by running:
 .. code:: sh
    python setup.py test # Use --pytest-args="-v -s" for verbose mode
 .. |Graphene Logo| image:: http://graphene-python.org/favicon.png
 .. |Build Status| image:: https://travis-ci.org/graphql-python/graphene.svg?branch=master
   :target: https://travis-ci.org/graphql-python/graphene
 .. |PyPI version| image:: https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene.svg
   :target: https://badge.fury.io/py/graphene
 .. |Coverage Status| image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/graphql-python/graphene/badge.svg?branch=master&service=github
   :target: https://coveralls.io/github/graphql-python/graphene?branch=master
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
 # Security Policy
 ## Supported Versions
 Support for security issues is currently provided for Graphene 3.0 and above. Support on earlier versions cannot be guaranteed by the maintainers of this library, but community PRs may be accepted in critical cases.
 The preferred mitigation strategy is via an upgrade to Graphene 3.
 | Version | Supported          |
 | ------- | ------------------ |
 | 3.x     | :white_check_mark: |
 | <3.x    | :x:                |
 ## Reporting a Vulnerability
 Please use responsible disclosure by contacting a core maintainer via Discord or E-Mail.
--- a/UPGRADE-v1.0.md
+++ b/UPGRADE-v1.0.md
@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
 # v1.0 Upgrade Guide
 Big changes from v0.10.x to 1.0. While on the surface a lot of this just looks like shuffling around API, the entire codebase has been rewritten to handle some really great use cases and improved performance.
 ## Backwards Compatibility and Deprecation Warnings
 This has been a community project from the start, we need your help making the upgrade as smooth as possible for everybody!
 We have done our best to provide backwards compatibility with deprecated APIs.
 ## Deprecations
 - `with_context` is no longer needed. Resolvers now always take the context argument.
  Before:
  ```python
  def resolve_xxx(root, args, info):
      # ...
  ```
  With 1.0:
  ```python
  def resolve_xxx(root, args, context, info):
      # ...
  ```
 - `ObjectType` and `Interface` no longer accept the `abstract` option in the `Meta`.
  Inheriting fields should be now achieved using `AbstractType` inheritance.
  Before:
  ```python
  class MyBaseQuery(graphene.ObjectType):
      my_field = String()
      class Meta:
          abstract = True
  class Query(MyBaseQuery):
      pass
  ```
  With 1.0:
  ```python
  class MyBaseQuery(graphene.AbstractType):
      my_field = String()
  class Query(MyBaseQuery, graphene.ObjectType):
      pass
  ```
 - The `type_name` option in the Meta in types is now `name`
 - Type references no longer work with strings, but with functions.
  Before:
  ```python
  class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
      user = graphene.Field('User')
      users = graphene.List('User')
  ```
  With 1.0:
  ```python
  class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
      user = graphene.Field(lambda: User)
      users = graphene.List(lambda: User)
  ```
 ## Schema
 Schemas in graphene `1.0` are `Immutable`, that means that once you create a `graphene.Schema` any
 change in their attributes will not have any effect.
 The `name` argument is removed from the Schema.
 The arguments `executor` and `middlewares` are also removed from the `Schema` definition.
 You can still use them, but by calling explicitly in the `execute` method in `graphql`.
 ```python
 # Old way
 schema = graphene.Schema(name='My Schema')
 schema.query = Query
 schema.mutation = Mutation
 # New way
 schema = graphene.Schema(
    query=Query,
    mutation=Mutation
 )
 ```
 ## Interfaces
 For implementing an Interface in an ObjectType, you have to add it onto `Meta.interfaces`.
 Like:
 ```python
 from graphene import Interface, ObjectType, String
 class Character(Interface):
    name = String()
 class Human(Character): # Old way, Human will still be an Interface
    pass
 class Droid(ObjectType): # New way, you have to specify the ObjectType
    class Meta:
        interfaces = (Character, )
 ```
 ## Mutations
 Mutation fields have changed the way of usage, before if you have the mutation `MyMutation` you
 only have to reference with `graphene.Field(MyMutation)` now it's simply `MyMutation.Field()`
 Example:
 ```python
 from graphene import ObjectType, Mutation, String
 class ReverseString(Mutation):
    class Input:
        input = String(required=True)
    reversed = String()
    def mutate(root, args, context, info):
        reversed = args.get('input')[::-1]
        return ReverseString(reversed=reversed)
 class Query(ObjectType):
    reverse_string = graphene.Field(ReverseString) # Old way, will not include the mutation arguments by default
    reverse_string = ReverseString.Field()
 ```
 ## Nodes
 Apart from implementing as shown in the previous section, to use the node field you have to
 specify the node Type.
 Example:
 ```python
 from graphene import ObjectType, relay
 class Query(ObjectType):
    node = relay.NodeField() # Old way, NodeField no longer exists. Use Node.Field
    node = relay.Node.Field() # New way
 ```
 Also, if you wanted to create an `ObjectType` that implements `Node`, you have to do it
 explicitly.
 ## Django
 The Django integration with Graphene now has an independent package: `graphene-django`.
 For installing, you have to replace the old `graphene[django]` with `graphene-django`.
 - As the package is now independent, you now have to import from `graphene_django`.
 - **DjangoNode no longer exists**, please use `relay.Node` instead:
  ```python
  from graphene.relay import Node
  from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType
  class Droid(DjangoObjectType):
      class Meta:
          interfaces = (Node, )
  ```
 ## SQLAlchemy
 The SQLAlchemy integration with Graphene now has an independent package: `graphene-sqlalchemy`.
 For installing, you have to replace the old `graphene[sqlalchemy]` with `graphene-sqlalchemy`.
 - As the package is now independent, you have to import now from `graphene_sqlalchemy`.
 - **SQLAlchemyNode no longer exists**, please use `relay.Node` instead:
  ```python
  from graphene.relay import Node
  from graphene_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemyObjectType
  class Droid(SQLAlchemyObjectType):
      class Meta:
          interfaces = (Node, )
  ```
--- a/UPGRADE-v2.0.md
+++ b/UPGRADE-v2.0.md
@ -1,385 +0,0 @@
 # v2.0 Upgrade Guide
 `ObjectType`, `Interface`, `InputObjectType`, `Scalar` and `Enum` implementations
 have been quite simplified, without the need to define a explicit Metaclass for each subtype.
 It also improves the field resolvers, [simplifying the code](#simpler-resolvers) the
 developer has to write to use them.
 **Deprecations:**
 - [`AbstractType`](#abstracttype-deprecated)
 - [`resolve_only_args`](#resolve_only_args)
 - [`Mutation.Input`](#mutationinput)
 **Breaking changes:**
 - [`Simpler Resolvers`](#simpler-resolvers)
 - [`Node Connections`](#node-connections)
 **New Features!**
 - [`InputObjectType`](#inputobjecttype)
 - [`Meta as Class arguments`](#meta-as-class-arguments) (_only available for Python 3_)
 > The type metaclasses are now deleted as they are no longer necessary. If your code was depending
 > on this strategy for creating custom attrs, see an [example on how to do it in 2.0](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/blob/v2.0.0/graphene/tests/issues/test_425.py).
 ## Deprecations
 ### AbstractType deprecated
 AbstractType is deprecated in graphene 2.0, you can now use normal inheritance instead.
 Before:
 ```python
 class CommonFields(AbstractType):
    name = String()
 class Pet(CommonFields, Interface):
    pass
 ```
 With 2.0:
 ```python
 class CommonFields(object):
    name = String()
 class Pet(CommonFields, Interface):
    pass
 ```
 ### resolve_only_args
 `resolve_only_args` is now deprecated as the resolver API has been simplified.
 Before:
 ```python
 class User(ObjectType):
    name = String()
    @resolve_only_args
    def resolve_name(root):
        return root.name
 ```
 With 2.0:
 ```python
 class User(ObjectType):
    name = String()
    def resolve_name(root, info):
        return root.name
 ```
 ### Mutation.Input
 `Mutation.Input` is now deprecated in favor of using `Mutation.Arguments` (`ClientIDMutation` still uses `Input`).
 Before:
 ```python
 class User(Mutation):
    class Input:
        name = String()
 ```
 With 2.0:
 ```python
 class User(Mutation):
    class Arguments:
        name = String()
 ```
 ## Breaking Changes
 ### Simpler resolvers
 All the resolvers in graphene have been simplified.
 Prior to Graphene `2.0`, all resolvers required four arguments: `(root, args, context, info)`.
 Now, resolver `args` are passed as keyword arguments to the function, and `context` argument dissapeared in favor of `info.context`.
 Before:
 ```python
 my_field = graphene.String(my_arg=graphene.String())
 def resolve_my_field(root, args, context, info):
    my_arg = args.get('my_arg')
    return ...
 ```
 With 2.0:
 ```python
 my_field = graphene.String(my_arg=graphene.String())
 def resolve_my_field(root, info, my_arg):
    return ...
 ```
 **PS.: Take care with receiving args like `my_arg` as above. This doesn't work for optional (non-required) arguments as standard `Connection`'s arguments (first, last, after, before).**
 You may need something like this:
 ```python
 def resolve_my_field(root, info, known_field1, known_field2, **args): ## get other args with: args.get('arg_key')
 ```
 And, if you need the context in the resolver, you can use `info.context`:
 ```python
 my_field = graphene.String(my_arg=graphene.String())
 def resolve_my_field(root, info, my_arg):
    context = info.context
    return ...
 ```
 ### Node Connections
 Node types no longer have a `Connection` by default.
 In 2.0 and onwards `Connection`s should be defined explicitly.
 Before:
 ```python
 class User(ObjectType):
    class Meta:
        interfaces = [relay.Node]
    name = String()
 class Query(ObjectType):
    user_connection = relay.ConnectionField(User)
 ```
 With 2.0:
 ```python
 class User(ObjectType):
    class Meta:
        interfaces = [relay.Node]
    name = String()
 class UserConnection(relay.Connection):
    class Meta:
        node = User
 class Query(ObjectType):
    user_connection = relay.ConnectionField(UserConnection)
 ```
 ## Node.get_node
 The method `get_node` in `ObjectTypes` that have `Node` as interface, changes its API.
 From `def get_node(cls, id, context, info)` to `def get_node(cls, info, id)`.
 ```python
 class MyObject(ObjectType):
    class Meta:
        interfaces = (Node, )
    @classmethod
    def get_node(cls, id, context, info):
        return ...
 ```
 To:
 ```python
 class MyObject(ObjectType):
    class Meta:
        interfaces = (Node, )
    @classmethod
    def get_node(cls, info, id):
        return ...
 ```
 ## Node.get_node_from_global_id
 The parameters' order of `get_node_from_global_id` method has changed. You may need to adjust your [Node Root Field](http://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/relay/nodes/#node-root-field) and maybe other places that uses this method to obtain an object.
 Before:
 ```python
 class RootQuery(object):
    ...
    node = Field(relay.Node, id=ID(required=True))
    def resolve_node(root, args, context, info):
        node = relay.Node.get_node_from_global_id(args['id'], context, info)
        return node
 ```
 Now:
 ```python
 class RootQuery(object):
    ...
    node = Field(relay.Node, id=ID(required=True))
    def resolve_node(root, info, id):
        node = relay.Node.get_node_from_global_id(info, id)
        return node
 ```
 ## Mutation.mutate
 Now only receives (`root`, `info`, `**kwargs`) and is not a @classmethod
 Before:
 ```python
 class SomeMutation(Mutation):
    ...
    @classmethod
    def mutate(cls, instance, args, context, info):
        ...
 ```
 With 2.0:
 ```python
 class SomeMutation(Mutation):
    ...
    def mutate(root, info, **args):
        ...
 ```
 With 2.0 you can also get your declared (as above) `args` this way:
 ```python
 class SomeMutation(Mutation):
    class Arguments:
        first_name = String(required=True)
        last_name = String(required=True)
    ...
    def mutate(root, info, first_name, last_name):
        ...
 ```
 ## ClientIDMutation.mutate_and_get_payload
 Now only receives (`root`, `info`, `**input`)
 ### Middlewares
 If you are using Middelwares, you need to some adjustments:
 Before:
 ```python
 class MyGrapheneMiddleware(object):
    def resolve(self, next_mw, root, args, context, info):
        ## Middleware code
        return next_mw(root, args, context, info)
 ```
 With 2.0:
 ```python
 class MyGrapheneMiddleware(object):
    def resolve(self, next_mw, root, info, **args):
        context = info.context
        ## Middleware code
        info.context = context
        return next_mw(root, info, **args)
 ```
 ## New Features
 ### InputObjectType
 If you are using `InputObjectType`, you now can access
 its fields via `getattr` (`my_input.myattr`) when resolving, instead of
 the classic way `my_input['myattr']`.
 And also use custom defined properties on your input class.
 Example. Before:
 ```python
 class UserInput(InputObjectType):
    id = ID(required=True)
 def is_valid_input(input):
    return input.get('id').startswith('userid_')
 class Query(ObjectType):
    user = graphene.Field(User, input=UserInput())
    @resolve_only_args
    def resolve_user(root, input):
        user_id = input.get('id')
        if is_valid_input(user_id):
            return get_user(user_id)
 ```
 With 2.0:
 ```python
 class UserInput(InputObjectType):
    id = ID(required=True)
    @property
    def is_valid(root):
        return root.id.startswith('userid_')
 class Query(ObjectType):
    user = graphene.Field(User, input=UserInput())
    def resolve_user(root, info, input):
        if input.is_valid:
            return get_user(input.id)
 ```
 ### Meta as Class arguments
 Now you can use the meta options as class arguments (**ONLY PYTHON 3**).
 Before:
 ```python
 class Dog(ObjectType):
    class Meta:
        interfaces = [Pet]
    name = String()
 ```
 With 2.0:
 ```python
 class Dog(ObjectType, interfaces=[Pet]):
    name = String()
 ```
 ### Abstract types
 Now you can create abstact types super easily, without the need of subclassing the meta.
 ```python
 class Base(ObjectType):
    class Meta:
        abstract = True
    id = ID()
    def resolve_id(root, info):
        return f"{root.__class__.__name__}_{root.id}"
 ```
 ### UUID Scalar
 In Graphene 2.0 there is a new dedicated scalar for UUIDs, `UUID`.
--- a/bin/autolinter
+++ b/bin/autolinter
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # Install the required scripts with
 # pip install autoflake autopep8 isort
 autoflake ./examples/ ./graphene/ -r --remove-unused-variables --remove-all-unused-imports --in-place
 autopep8 ./examples/ ./graphene/ -r --in-place --experimental --aggressive --max-line-length 120
 isort -rc ./examples/ ./graphene/
--- a/docs/.babelrc
+++ b/docs/.babelrc
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
 {
  "stage": 0
 }
--- a/docs/.gitignore
+++ b/docs/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
 # Logs
 logs
 *.log
 # Runtime data
 pids
 *.pid
 *.seed
 # Directory for instrumented libs generated by jscoverage/JSCover
 lib-cov
 # Coverage directory used by tools like istanbul
 coverage
 # Grunt intermediate storage (http://gruntjs.com/creating-plugins#storing-task-files)
 .grunt
 # node-waf configuration
 .lock-wscript
 # Compiled binary addons (http://nodejs.org/api/addons.html)
 build/Release
 # Dependency directory
 # https://www.npmjs.org/doc/misc/npm-faq.html#should-i-check-my-node_modules-folder-into-git
 node_modules
 public/
--- a/docs/Makefile
+++ b/docs/Makefile
@ -1,208 +0,0 @@
 # Makefile for Sphinx documentation
 #
 # You can set these variables from the command line.
 SPHINXOPTS    =
 SPHINXBUILD   = sphinx-build
 PAPER         =
 BUILDDIR      = _build
 # Internal variables.
 PAPEROPT_a4     = -D latex_paper_size=a4
 PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter
 ALLSPHINXOPTS   = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
 # the i18n builder cannot share the environment and doctrees with the others
 I18NSPHINXOPTS  = $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
 .PHONY: help
 help:
 	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
 	@grep -E '^\.PHONY: [a-zA-Z_-]+ .*?## .*$$' $(MAKEFILE_LIST) | sort | awk 'BEGIN {FS = "(: |##)"}; {printf "\033[36m%-30s\033[0m %s\n", $$2, $$3}'
 .PHONY: install ## to install all documentation related requirements
 install:
 	pip install -r requirements.txt
 .PHONY: clean ## to remove all built documentation
 clean:
 	rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
 .PHONY: html ## to make standalone HTML files
 html:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html."
 .PHONY: dirhtml ## to make HTML files named index.html in directories
 dirhtml:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b dirhtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml."
 .PHONY: singlehtml ## to make a single large HTML file
 singlehtml:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b singlehtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The HTML page is in $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml."
 .PHONY: pickle ## to make pickle files
 pickle:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pickle
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files."
 .PHONY: json ## to make JSON files
 json:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b json $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/json
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the JSON files."
 .PHONY: htmlhelp ## to make HTML files and a HTML help project
 htmlhelp:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \
 	      ".hhp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp."
 .PHONY: qthelp ## to make HTML files and a qthelp project
 qthelp:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b qthelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the" \
 	      ".qhcp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp, like this:"
 	@echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/Graphene.qhcp"
 	@echo "To view the help file:"
 	@echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/Graphene.qhc"
 .PHONY: applehelp ## to make an Apple Help Book
 applehelp:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b applehelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/applehelp
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The help book is in $(BUILDDIR)/applehelp."
 	@echo "N.B. You won't be able to view it unless you put it in" \
 	      "~/Library/Documentation/Help or install it in your application" \
 	      "bundle."
 .PHONY: devhelp ## to make HTML files and a Devhelp project
 devhelp:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b devhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished."
 	@echo "To view the help file:"
 	@echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/Graphene"
 	@echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/Graphene"
 	@echo "# devhelp"
 .PHONY: epub ## to make an epub
 epub:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The epub file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub."
 .PHONY: epub3 ## to make an epub3
 epub3:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub3 $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub3
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The epub3 file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub3."
 .PHONY: latex ## to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter
 latex:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
 	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through (pdf)latex" \
 	      "(use \`make latexpdf' here to do that automatically)."
 .PHONY: latexpdf ## to make LaTeX files and run them through pdflatex
 latexpdf:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
 	@echo "Running LaTeX files through pdflatex..."
 	$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf
 	@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
 .PHONY: latexpdfja ## to make LaTeX files and run them through platex/dvipdfmx
 latexpdfja:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
 	@echo "Running LaTeX files through platex and dvipdfmx..."
 	$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf-ja
 	@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
 .PHONY: text ## to make text files
 text:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b text $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/text
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The text files are in $(BUILDDIR)/text."
 .PHONY: man ## to make manual pages
 man:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b man $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/man
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The manual pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/man."
 .PHONY: texinfo ## to make Texinfo files
 texinfo:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The Texinfo files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
 	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through makeinfo" \
 	      "(use \`make info' here to do that automatically)."
 .PHONY: info ## to make Texinfo files and run them through makeinfo
 info:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
 	@echo "Running Texinfo files through makeinfo..."
 	make -C $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo info
 	@echo "makeinfo finished; the Info files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
 .PHONY: gettext ## to make PO message catalogs
 gettext:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b gettext $(I18NSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/locale
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The message catalogs are in $(BUILDDIR)/locale."
 .PHONY: changes ## to make an overview of all changed/added/deprecated items
 changes:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/changes
 	@echo
 	@echo "The overview file is in $(BUILDDIR)/changes."
 .PHONY: linkcheck ## to check all external links for integrity
 linkcheck:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck
 	@echo
 	@echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \
 	      "or in $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck/output.txt."
 .PHONY: doctest ## to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)
 doctest:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b doctest $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/doctest
 	@echo "Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the " \
 	      "results in $(BUILDDIR)/doctest/output.txt."
 .PHONY: coverage ## to run coverage check of the documentation (if enabled)
 coverage:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b coverage $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/coverage
 	@echo "Testing of coverage in the sources finished, look at the " \
 	      "results in $(BUILDDIR)/coverage/python.txt."
 .PHONY: xml ## to make Docutils-native XML files
 xml:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b xml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/xml
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/xml."
 .PHONY: pseudoxml ## to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes
 pseudoxml:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pseudoxml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml."
 .PHONY: dummy ## to check syntax errors of document sources
 dummy:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b dummy $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dummy
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. Dummy builder generates no files."
 .PHONY: livehtml ## to build and serve live-reloading documentation
 livehtml:
 	sphinx-autobuild -b html --watch ../graphene $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
--- a/docs/README.md
+++ b/docs/README.md
@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
 # Graphene Docs
 Graphene docs are powered by [gatsby](https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby).
 ## Installation
 For running locally this docs. You have to execute
 ```bash
 npm install -g gatsby && npm install
 ```
 And then
 ```bash
 gatsby develop
 ```
 ## Playground
 If you want to have the playground running too, just execute
 ```
 ./playground/graphene-js/build.sh
 ```
 This command will clone the [pypyjs-release-nojit](https://github.com/pypyjs/pypyjs-release-nojit) repo, update it with the latest graphene, graphql-core and graphql-relay code, and make it available for the `/playground` view in the docs.
 ## Build
 For building the docs into the `public` dir, just run:
 ```bash
 npm run build
 ```
 ## Automation
 Thanks to [Travis](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/blob/master/.travis.yml#L39-L58), we automated the way documentation is updated in the `gh-pages` branch.
 Each time we modify the docs in the `master` branch the travis job runs and updates the `gh-pages` branch with the latest code, so [Graphene's website](http://graphene-python.org) have always the latest docs.
--- a/docs/api/index.rst
+++ b/docs/api/index.rst
@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
 API Reference
 =============
 Schema
 ------
 .. autoclass:: graphene.types.schema.Schema
    :members:
 .. Uncomment sections / types as API documentation is fleshed out
 .. in each class
 Object types
 ------------
 .. autoclass:: graphene.ObjectType
 .. autoclass:: graphene.InputObjectType
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Mutation
    :members:
 .. _fields-mounted-types:
 Fields (Mounted Types)
 ----------------------
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Field
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Argument
 .. autoclass:: graphene.InputField
 Fields (Unmounted Types)
 ------------------------
 .. autoclass:: graphene.types.unmountedtype.UnmountedType
 GraphQL Scalars
 ---------------
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Int()
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Float()
 .. autoclass:: graphene.String()
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Boolean()
 .. autoclass:: graphene.ID()
 Graphene Scalars
 ----------------
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Date()
 .. autoclass:: graphene.DateTime()
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Time()
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Decimal()
 .. autoclass:: graphene.UUID()
 .. autoclass:: graphene.JSONString()
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Base64()
 Enum
 ----
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Enum()
 Structures
 ----------
 .. autoclass:: graphene.List
 .. autoclass:: graphene.NonNull
 Type Extension
 --------------
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Interface()
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Union()
 Execution Metadata
 ------------------
 .. autoclass:: graphene.ResolveInfo
 .. autoclass:: graphene.Context
 .. autoclass:: graphql.ExecutionResult
 .. Relay
 .. -----
 .. .. autoclass:: graphene.Node
 .. .. autoclass:: graphene.GlobalID
 .. .. autoclass:: graphene.ClientIDMutation
 .. .. autoclass:: graphene.Connection
 .. .. autoclass:: graphene.ConnectionField
 .. .. autoclass:: graphene.PageInfo
--- a/docs/app.js
+++ b/docs/app.js
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 exports.loadContext = function(callback) {
  var context;
  context = require.context('./pages', true);
  if (module.hot) {
    module.hot.accept(context.id, function() {
      context = require.context('./pages', true);
      return callback(context);
    });
  }
  return callback(context);
 };
 exports.onRouteChange = function(state) {
  if (typeof window !== "undefined" && window.ga) {
    window.ga('send', 'pageview', {
      page: state.pathname
    });
  }
 }
--- a/docs/assets/icon.js
+++ b/docs/assets/icon.js
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
 import React from 'react';
 export default class Icon extends React.Component {
    render() {
        return <span {...this.props} src={null} dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{__html:this.props.src}} />
    }
 }
--- a/docs/assets/logo.svg
+++ b/docs/assets/logo.svg
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 <svg width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="logo"><g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><path class="logo-path" d="M49.17 10.915L15.415 30.29l.058 39.252 34.633 20.082 33.345-18.95-.023-39.79-34.185 19.238" stroke="white" stroke-width="4.987"/>
    <g transform="translate(41.5 3)"><ellipse cx="7.934" cy="7.97" rx="7.934" ry="7.97" fill="white"/></g>
    <g transform="translate(8 22.482)"><ellipse cx="7.934" cy="7.97" rx="7.934" ry="7.97" fill="white"/></g>
    <g transform="translate(8 62.33)"><ellipse cx="7.934" cy="7.97" rx="7.934" ry="7.97" fill="white"/></g>
    <g transform="translate(42.382 81.813)"><ellipse cx="7.934" cy="7.97" rx="7.934" ry="7.97" fill="white"/></g>
    <g transform="translate(75.882 62.33)"><ellipse cx="7.934" cy="7.97" rx="7.934" ry="7.97" fill="white"/></g>
    <g transform="translate(75.882 22.482)"><ellipse cx="7.934" cy="7.97" rx="7.934" ry="7.97" fill="white"/></g>
    <g transform="translate(42.382 41.964)"><ellipse cx="7.934" cy="7.97" rx="7.934" ry="7.97" fill="white"/></g>
    </g>
 </svg>
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@ -1,458 +0,0 @@
 import os
 import sys
 import sphinx_graphene_theme
 on_rtd = os.environ.get("READTHEDOCS", None) == "True"
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # Graphene documentation build configuration file, created by
 # sphinx-quickstart on Sun Sep 11 18:30:51 2016.
 #
 # This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its
 # containing dir.
 #
 # Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this
 # autogenerated file.
 #
 # All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
 # serve to show the default.
 # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
 # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
 # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
 #
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(".."))
 # -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
 # If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
 #
 # needs_sphinx = '1.0'
 # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
 extensions = [
    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
    "sphinx.ext.intersphinx",
    "sphinx.ext.todo",
    "sphinx.ext.coverage",
    "sphinx.ext.viewcode",
    "sphinx.ext.napoleon",
 ]
 if not on_rtd:
    extensions += ["sphinx.ext.githubpages"]
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
 templates_path = ["_templates"]
 # The suffix(es) of source filenames.
 # You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
 #
 # source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
 source_suffix = ".rst"
 # The encoding of source files.
 #
 # source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
 # The master toctree document.
 master_doc = "index"
 # General information about the project.
 project = "Graphene"
 copyright = "Graphene 2016"
 author = "Syrus Akbary"
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
 # built documents.
 #
 # The short X.Y version.
 version = "1.0"
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
 release = "1.0"
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
 #
 # This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
 # Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
 # language = None
 # There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
 # non-false value, then it is used:
 #
 # today = ''
 #
 # Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
 #
 # today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
 # This patterns also effect to html_static_path and html_extra_path
 exclude_patterns = ["_build", "Thumbs.db", ".DS_Store"]
 # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
 # documents.
 #
 # default_role = None
 # If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
 #
 # add_function_parentheses = True
 # If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
 # unit titles (such as .. function::).
 #
 # add_module_names = True
 # If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
 # output. They are ignored by default.
 #
 # show_authors = False
 # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
 pygments_style = "sphinx"
 # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
 # modindex_common_prefix = []
 # If true, keep warnings as "system message" paragraphs in the built documents.
 # keep_warnings = False
 # If true, `todo` and `todoList` produce output, else they produce nothing.
 todo_include_todos = True
 # -- Options for HTML output ----------------------------------------------
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
 # a list of builtin themes.
 #
 # html_theme = 'alabaster'
 # if on_rtd:
 #     html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
 html_theme = "sphinx_graphene_theme"
 html_theme_path = [sphinx_graphene_theme.get_html_theme_path()]
 # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
 # further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
 # documentation.
 #
 # html_theme_options = {}
 # Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
 # html_theme_path = []
 # The name for this set of Sphinx documents.
 # "<project> v<release> documentation" by default.
 #
 # html_title = u'Graphene v1.0'
 # A shorter title for the navigation bar.  Default is the same as html_title.
 #
 # html_short_title = None
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
 # of the sidebar.
 #
 # html_logo = None
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to use as a favicon of
 # the docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
 # pixels large.
 #
 # html_favicon = None
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
 html_static_path = ["_static"]
 # Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
 # .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
 # directly to the root of the documentation.
 #
 # html_extra_path = []
 # If not None, a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page
 # bottom, using the given strftime format.
 # The empty string is equivalent to '%b %d, %Y'.
 #
 # html_last_updated_fmt = None
 # If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
 # typographically correct entities.
 #
 # html_use_smartypants = True
 # Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
 #
 # html_sidebars = {}
 # Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
 # template names.
 #
 # html_additional_pages = {}
 # If false, no module index is generated.
 #
 # html_domain_indices = True
 # If false, no index is generated.
 #
 # html_use_index = True
 # If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
 #
 # html_split_index = False
 # If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
 #
 # html_show_sourcelink = True
 # If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
 #
 # html_show_sphinx = True
 # If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
 #
 # html_show_copyright = True
 # If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
 # contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
 # base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
 #
 # html_use_opensearch = ''
 # This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
 # html_file_suffix = None
 # Language to be used for generating the HTML full-text search index.
 # Sphinx supports the following languages:
 #   'da', 'de', 'en', 'es', 'fi', 'fr', 'hu', 'it', 'ja'
 #   'nl', 'no', 'pt', 'ro', 'ru', 'sv', 'tr', 'zh'
 #
 # html_search_language = 'en'
 # A dictionary with options for the search language support, empty by default.
 # 'ja' uses this config value.
 # 'zh' user can custom change `jieba` dictionary path.
 #
 # html_search_options = {'type': 'default'}
 # The name of a javascript file (relative to the configuration directory) that
 # implements a search results scorer. If empty, the default will be used.
 #
 # html_search_scorer = 'scorer.js'
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
 htmlhelp_basename = "Graphenedoc"
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
 latex_elements = {
    # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
    #
    # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
    # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
    #
    # 'pointsize': '10pt',
    # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
    #
    # 'preamble': '',
    # Latex figure (float) alignment
    #
    # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
 }
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
    (master_doc, "Graphene.tex", "Graphene Documentation", "Syrus Akbary", "manual")
 ]
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
 # the title page.
 #
 # latex_logo = None
 # For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
 # not chapters.
 #
 # latex_use_parts = False
 # If true, show page references after internal links.
 #
 # latex_show_pagerefs = False
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
 #
 # latex_show_urls = False
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
 #
 # latex_appendices = []
 # It false, will not define \strong, \code, 	itleref, \crossref ... but only
 # \sphinxstrong, ..., \sphinxtitleref, ... To help avoid clash with user added
 # packages.
 #
 # latex_keep_old_macro_names = True
 # If false, no module index is generated.
 #
 # latex_domain_indices = True
 # -- Options for manual page output ---------------------------------------
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
 man_pages = [(master_doc, "graphene", "Graphene Documentation", [author], 1)]
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
 #
 # man_show_urls = False
 # -- Options for Texinfo output -------------------------------------------
 # Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
    (
        master_doc,
        "Graphene",
        "Graphene Documentation",
        author,
        "Graphene",
        "One line description of project.",
        "Miscellaneous",
    )
 ]
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
 #
 # texinfo_appendices = []
 # If false, no module index is generated.
 #
 # texinfo_domain_indices = True
 # How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
 #
 # texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
 # If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
 #
 # texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
 # -- Options for Epub output ----------------------------------------------
 # Bibliographic Dublin Core info.
 epub_title = project
 epub_author = author
 epub_publisher = author
 epub_copyright = copyright
 # The basename for the epub file. It defaults to the project name.
 # epub_basename = project
 # The HTML theme for the epub output. Since the default themes are not
 # optimized for small screen space, using the same theme for HTML and epub
 # output is usually not wise. This defaults to 'epub', a theme designed to save
 # visual space.
 #
 # epub_theme = 'epub'
 # The language of the text. It defaults to the language option
 # or 'en' if the language is not set.
 #
 # epub_language = ''
 # The scheme of the identifier. Typical schemes are ISBN or URL.
 # epub_scheme = ''
 # The unique identifier of the text. This can be a ISBN number
 # or the project homepage.
 #
 # epub_identifier = ''
 # A unique identification for the text.
 #
 # epub_uid = ''
 # A tuple containing the cover image and cover page html template filenames.
 #
 # epub_cover = ()
 # A sequence of (type, uri, title) tuples for the guide element of content.opf.
 #
 # epub_guide = ()
 # HTML files that should be inserted before the pages created by sphinx.
 # The format is a list of tuples containing the path and title.
 #
 # epub_pre_files = []
 # HTML files that should be inserted after the pages created by sphinx.
 # The format is a list of tuples containing the path and title.
 #
 # epub_post_files = []
 # A list of files that should not be packed into the epub file.
 epub_exclude_files = ["search.html"]
 # The depth of the table of contents in toc.ncx.
 #
 # epub_tocdepth = 3
 # Allow duplicate toc entries.
 #
 # epub_tocdup = True
 # Choose between 'default' and 'includehidden'.
 #
 # epub_tocscope = 'default'
 # Fix unsupported image types using the Pillow.
 #
 # epub_fix_images = False
 # Scale large images.
 #
 # epub_max_image_width = 0
 # How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
 #
 # epub_show_urls = 'inline'
 # If false, no index is generated.
 #
 # epub_use_index = True
 # Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
 intersphinx_mapping = {
    "https://docs.python.org/": None,
    "python": ("https://docs.python.org/", None),
    "graphene_django": (
        "http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/django/en/latest/",
        None,
    ),
    "graphene_sqlalchemy": (
        "http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/sqlalchemy/en/latest/",
        None,
    ),
 }
--- a/docs/config.toml
+++ b/docs/config.toml
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
 siteTitle = "Graphene"
 ga = "UA-12613282-7"
 [docs.quickstart]
 	name = "Quickstart"
 	pages = [
 	  "/docs/quickstart/",
 	]
 [docs.walkthrough]
 	name = "Walkthrough"
 	pages = [
 	  "/docs/interfaces/",
 	  "/docs/objecttypes/",
 	  "/docs/mutations/",
 	  "/docs/basic-types/",
 	  "/docs/enums/",
 	  "/docs/relay/",
 	]
 [docs.django]
 	name = "Django"
 	pages = [
 	  "/docs/django/tutorial/",
 	  "/docs/django/filtering/",
 	  "/docs/django/authorization/",
 	  "/docs/django/debug/",
 	]
 [docs.sqlalchemy]
 	name = "SQLAlchemy"
 	pages = [
 	  "/docs/sqlalchemy/tutorial/",
 	  "/docs/sqlalchemy/tips/",
 	]
--- a/docs/css/bm.css
+++ b/docs/css/bm.css
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
 /* Position and sizing of burger button */
 .bm-burger-button {
  position: absolute;
  width: 24px;
  height: 20px;
  right: 36px;
  top: 42px;
 }
 /* Color/shape of burger icon bars */
 .bm-burger-bars {
  background: white;
 }
 /* Color of close button cross */
 .bm-cross {
  background: #bdc3c7;
  margin-top: -1px;
  width: 1px!important;
  height: 18px!important;
 }
 /* Background color of sidebar */
 .bm-menu {
  background: #3c3c3c;
  box-shadow: -1px 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,.15);
 }
 /* Morph shape necessary with bubble or elastic */
 .bm-morph-shape {
  fill: white;
 }
 .bm-menu-wrap {
  z-index: 10000!important;
 }
 /* General menu styles */
 .bm-menu {
  padding: 2.5em 1.5em 0;
  font-size: 1.15em;
 }
--- a/docs/css/graphiql.css
+++ b/docs/css/graphiql.css
--- a/docs/css/hljs.css
+++ b/docs/css/hljs.css
@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
 /**
 * GitHub Gist Theme
 * Author : Louis Barranqueiro - https://github.com/LouisBarranqueiro
 */
 .hljs {
  display: block;
  background: white;
  padding: 0.5em;
  color: #333333;
  overflow-x: auto;
 }
 .hljs-comment,
 .hljs-meta {
  color: #969896;
 }
 .hljs-string,
 .hljs-variable,
 .hljs-template-variable,
 .hljs-strong,
 .hljs-emphasis,
 .hljs-quote {
  color: #df5000;
 }
 .hljs-keyword,
 .hljs-selector-tag,
 .hljs-type {
  color: #a71d5d;
 }
 .hljs-literal,
 .hljs-symbol,
 .hljs-bullet,
 .hljs-attribute {
  color: #0086b3;
 }
 .hljs-section,
 .hljs-name {
  color: #63a35c;
 }
 .hljs-tag {
  color: #333333;
 }
 .hljs-title,
 .hljs-attr,
 .hljs-selector-id,
 .hljs-selector-class,
 .hljs-selector-attr {
  color: #795da3;
 }
 .hljs-addition {
  color: #55a532;
  background-color: #eaffea;
 }
 .hljs-deletion {
  color: #bd2c00;
  background-color: #ffecec;
 }
 .hljs-link {
  text-decoration: underline;
 }
--- a/docs/css/images/edit.png
+++ b/docs/css/images/edit.png
--- a/docs/css/images/edit@2x.png
+++ b/docs/css/images/edit@2x.png
--- a/docs/css/images/starwars-icon.png
+++ b/docs/css/images/starwars-icon.png
--- a/docs/css/images/starwars-icon@2x.png
+++ b/docs/css/images/starwars-icon@2x.png
--- a/docs/css/main.styl
+++ b/docs/css/main.styl
@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
@import 'nib'
@import 'jeet'
@import 'https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway:400,500,600,200,100&.css'
 normalize-css()
@import 'hljs.css'
@import 'bm.css'
 $wrapper
  center(960px, pad:20px)
 .wrapper
  @extend $wrapper
  position relative
 a, a:hover
  text-decoration none
 a
  color rgb(42,93,173)
 p
  margin-bottom 1em
 html, body
  font-family "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif
  font-weight 300
  font-size 16px
  color #606060
  line-height 1.5
  height 100%
  margin 0
  width 100%
 .header
  clearfix()
  position relative
  text-align center
  background: #DB594C;
  background-image: radial-gradient(95% 101%, #E46643 5%, rgba(226,91,72,0.00) 100%)
  .logo
    width 42px
    height @width
    vertical-align middle
  h1
    max-width 380px
    font-family 'Raleway', sans-serif
    font-weight 200
    font-size 42px
    color #FFFFFF
    line-height 49px
    margin 80px auto 40px
    z-index 110
  .get-started
    font-family 'Raleway'
    display inline-block
    margin 0 auto
    font-size 13px
    color #FFFFFF
    padding 0 18px
    text-transform uppercase
    font-weight 600
    line-height 15px
    border 1px solid #FFFFFF
    border-radius 2px
    padding 12px 18px
    z-index 111
    position relative
    &:hover
      background white
      color #E05B49
      text-decoration none
 .header-wrapper
  @extend $wrapper
  text-align left
  padding-top 32px
  padding-bottom 32px
  position relative
  z-index 100
 .header-extended
  padding-bottom 100px
 .header-nav
  margin-top 8px
  a
    font-family 'Raleway'
    font-size 13px
    color #FFFFFF
    margin 0 16px
    padding 0 2px
    text-transform uppercase
    font-weight 600
    line-height 15px
    position relative
    &.active:before
      content: ''
      width 5px
      height 5px
      border-radius 3px
      display block
      position absolute
      background white
      left 50%
      margin-left -3px
      bottom -24px
  +below(600px)
    display none
 .bm-burger-button, .bm-menu-wrap, .bm-overlay
  display none
  +below(600px)
    display block
 .bm-burger-button
  z-index 300!important
 .bm-overlay
  z-index 1000!important
 .bm-item-list
  a
    font-family 'Raleway'
    display block
    font-size 15px
    color #CCC
    margin 6px 0
    padding 10px 6px
    text-transform uppercase
    font-weight 500
    line-height 20px
    position relative
    &:hover
      color white
 .header-logo
  font-family 'Raleway'
  font-size 22px
  color #FFFFFF
  float left
  font-weight 500
  text-transform uppercase
  text-decoration none
 .header-nav
  float right
 .logo
  path
    stroke-dasharray 250
    stroke-dashoffset 250
    animation logo-dash .9s ease-in-out forwards
    animation-delay .12s
  g
    ellipse
      animation logo-dot .3s ease forwards
      animation-fill-mode both
      transform-origin 50% 50%
    &:nth-child(2)
      ellipse
        animation-delay .1s
    &:nth-child(3)
      ellipse
        animation-delay .2s
    &:nth-child(4)
      ellipse
        animation-delay .3s
    &:nth-child(5)
      ellipse
        animation-delay .4s
    &:nth-child(6)
      ellipse
        animation-delay .5s
    &:nth-child(7)
      ellipse
        animation-delay .6s
    &:nth-child(8)
      ellipse
        animation-delay .7s
@keyframes logo-dash
  to
    stroke-dashoffset 0
@keyframes logo-dot
  from
    opacity 0.5
    transform scale(0)
  to
    opacity 1
    transform scale(1)
 #header-background
  z-index 0
  display block
  position absolute
  width 100%
  top 0
  bottom 0
  right 0
  left 0
 .particles-js-canvas-el
  display block
  opacity 0
  position absolute
 .starwars-example-wrapper
  +below(600px)
    margin-bottom 30px
 .starwars-example
  background: #3C3C3C
  display inline-block
  position absolute
  right 20px
  top -100px
  box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
  border-radius: 100px
  font-size 13px
  padding 17px 17px 17px 71px
  width 236px
  box-sizing border-box
  color white
  font-family 'Raleway'
  font-weight 500
  transition all .2s ease-in-out
  &:before
    content: ''
    display block
    position absolute
    left 20px
    top 20px
    height 32px
    width 32px
    image './images/starwars-icon.png' 32px 32px
  &:hover
    transform translateY(-3px)
    box-shadow 0px 4px 8px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.32)
  +below(600px)
    top -70px
 .improve-document-link
  position fixed
  right 0
  bottom 70px
  transform-origin 100% 100%
  background: #999;
  border: 1px solid #919191;
  border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;
  border-bottom 0
  padding 9px 12px 12px 34px
  transform: rotate(270deg) translateX(100%) translateY(3px);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 500;
  text-transform uppercase
  color: #FFFFFF;
  letter-spacing: 0.3px;
  line-height: 11px;
  transition all .2s ease-in-out
  &:before
    content: ''
    display block
    position absolute
    left 10px
    top 8px
    height 16px
    width 16px
    image './images/edit.png' 16px 16px
  &:hover
    transform: rotate(270deg) translateX(100%)
    background #666
    border-color #555
  +below(600px)
    display none
 $title
  display block
  font-family: 'Raleway';
  font-weight 500
  line-height 1.2em
  padding-top .3em
  margin-bottom .5em
  padding-bottom .5em
  color #4A4A4A
 .markdown
  .wrapper
    margin-top 60px
    +below(600px)
      margin-top 30px
  h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6
    @extend $title
  h1
    font-size 32px
  h2
    font-size 26px
  h3
    font-size 24px
  h4
    font-size 21px
  h5
    font-size 18px
  h6
    font-size 16px
  strong
    font-weight 500
  pre
    line-height 20px
    background #FAFAFA
    padding 20px
    white-space: pre
    display: block;
    color: #333333;
    overflow-x: auto;
  p code, ul code
    background #FAFAFA
    padding 2px 4px
    border-radius 2px
    border 1px solid #CCC
    color #000
  p + p, p + ul
    margin-top -.4em
  p + ul
    margin-top -.6em
  code
    font-size 14px
    line-height 20px
    overflow-x: auto;
  margin-bottom 40px
 .markdown h1:first-child
  margin-top 0
  padding-top 0
 .page-title
  background: #F9F9F9;
  padding 48px 0
  h1
    margin 0 auto
    @extend $wrapper
    font-family: 'Raleway';
    font-size: 40px;
    font-weight 200
    color: #585858;
    line-height: 50px;
  +below(600px)
    padding 30px 0
 .docs
  @extend $wrapper
 .docs-aside
  col(1/4)
  margin-top 60px
  +below(600px)
    padding 20px
    width 100%
    box-sizing content-box
    margin 0 -20px
    margin-bottom 30px
    background #F9F9F9
 .docs-aside-group
  display block
  margin-bottom 40px
  h3
    font-family: 'Raleway';
    font-weight 500
    font-size 12px
    text-transform uppercase
    line-height 1.2em
    margin-bottom 1em
    color #AAA
  a
    display block
    font-size 15px
    font-weight 400
    line-height 22px
    height 28px
    padding 3px 0
    color #4A4A4A
    &.active
      font-weight 500
      line-height 21px
      color #E05B49
  +below(600px)
    display none
 .docs-aside-navselect
  margin-top -18px
  display none
  width 100%
  +below(600px)
    display block
 .docs-content
  col(3/4)
  margin-top 60px
  margin-bottom 20px
  +below(600px)
    margin-top 10px
    col(1)
  >h1
    margin 0
    @extend $title
    font-size 32px
  .docs-next
    float right
    color #e05b49
    font-weight 400
--- a/docs/css/playground.styl
+++ b/docs/css/playground.styl
@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
@import 'nib'
@import 'graphiql.css'
 .playground
  position absolute
  top 106px
  left 0
  right 0
  bottom 0
  display flex
  flex-direction row
  min-width 960px
  .loading
    position absolute
    display block
    left 0
    right 0
    bottom 0
    top 0
    z-index 10000
    background rgba(255,255,255,.6)
 .playground-schema
  min-width 400px
  width 36%
  border-right 1px solid #E0E0E0
  // box-shadow 0 0 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15)
  position relative
  z-index 100
  display flex
  flex-direction: column
  .cm-def
  .cm-variable + .cm-keyword // lambda
    &:not(.CodeMirror-lint-mark-error)
      transition all .3s ease-in-out
      background transparent
  .activeline
    .cm-def
    .cm-variable + .cm-keyword // lambda
      $color = #D7D3F1
      // $color = rgba(219, 89, 76, .2)
      background $color
      border-radius 1px
      box-shadow 0 0 0 2px $color
 .playground-schema-editor
  flex 1
  position relative
  .CodeMirror
    font-size: 13px;
    position absolute
    height 100%
    width 100%
    top 0
    left 0
    right 0
    bottom 0
    font-family: 'Consolas', 'Inconsolata', 'Droid Sans Mono', 'Monaco', monospace;
    color: #141823;
  .CodeMirror-lines
    padding 20px 0
 .playground-schema-header
  // height 48px
  // font-family 'Raleway', sans-serif
  // font-weight 300
  // line-height 48px
  // padding 0 10px
  // border-bottom solid 1px #d0d0d0
  height: 48px;
  box-sizing border-box
  font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;
  color: #999;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 12px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  line-height: 52px;
  padding: 0 12px;
  border-bottom: solid 1px #d0d0d0;
  background: #F9F9F9;
 .playground-graphiql
  flex 1
  height 100%
 .cm-s-graphene
 /* Comment */
 .cm-s-graphene .cm-comment
  color: #999;
 /* Punctuation */
 .cm-s-graphene .cm-punctuation
  color: #555;
 /* Keyword */
 .cm-s-graphene .cm-keyword
  // color: #B11A04;
  // color #D2054E
  color #a71d5d
 /* OperationName, FragmentName */
 .cm-s-graphene .cm-def
  // color: #D2054E;
  color: #1F61A0;
 /* FieldName */
 .cm-s-graphene .cm-property
  color: #333;
 /* FieldAlias */
 .cm-s-graphene .cm-qualifier
  color: #1C92A9;
 /* ArgumentName and ObjectFieldName */
 .cm-s-graphene .cm-attribute
  color: #8B2BB9;
 /* Number */
 .cm-s-graphene .cm-number
  color: #2882F9;
 /* String */
 .cm-s-graphene .cm-string
  color: #D64292;
 /* Boolean */
 .cm-s-graphene .cm-builtin
  color: #D47509;
 /* EnumValue */
 .cm-s-graphene .cm-string-2
  color: #0B7FC7;
 /* Variable */
 .cm-s-graphene .cm-variable
  color: #333;
 /* Directive */
 .cm-s-graphene .cm-meta
  color: #B33086;
 /* Type */
 .cm-s-graphene .cm-atom
  color: #CA9800;
--- a/docs/execution/dataloader.rst
+++ b/docs/execution/dataloader.rst
@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
 Dataloader
 ==========
 DataLoader is a generic utility to be used as part of your application's
 data fetching layer to provide a simplified and consistent API over
 various remote data sources such as databases or web services via batching
 and caching. It is provided by a separate package `aiodataloader <https://pypi.org/project/aiodataloader/>`.
 Batching
 --------
 Batching is not an advanced feature, it's DataLoader's primary feature.
 Create loaders by providing a batch loading function.
 .. code:: python
    from aiodataloader import DataLoader
    class UserLoader(DataLoader):
        async def batch_load_fn(self, keys):
            # Here we call a function to return a user for each key in keys
            return [get_user(id=key) for key in keys]
 A batch loading async function accepts a list of keys, and returns a list of ``values``.
 ``DataLoader`` will coalesce all individual loads which occur within a
 single frame of execution (executed once the wrapping event loop is resolved)
 and then call your batch function with all requested keys.
 .. code:: python
    user_loader = UserLoader()
    user1 = await user_loader.load(1)
    user1_best_friend = await user_loader.load(user1.best_friend_id)
    user2 = await user_loader.load(2)
    user2_best_friend = await user_loader.load(user2.best_friend_id)
 A naive application may have issued *four* round-trips to a backend for the
 required information, but with ``DataLoader`` this application will make at most *two*.
 Note that loaded values are one-to-one with the keys and must have the same
 order. This means that if you load all values from a single query, you must
 make sure that you then order the query result for the results to match the keys:
 .. code:: python
   class UserLoader(DataLoader):
       async def batch_load_fn(self, keys):
           users = {user.id: user for user in User.objects.filter(id__in=keys)}
           return [users.get(user_id) for user_id in keys]
 ``DataLoader`` allows you to decouple unrelated parts of your application without
 sacrificing the performance of batch data-loading. While the loader presents
 an API that loads individual values, all concurrent requests will be coalesced
 and presented to your batch loading function. This allows your application to
 safely distribute data fetching requirements throughout your application and
 maintain minimal outgoing data requests.
 Using with Graphene
 -------------------
 DataLoader pairs nicely well with Graphene/GraphQL. GraphQL fields are designed
 to be stand-alone functions. Without a caching or batching mechanism, it's easy
 for a naive GraphQL server to issue new database requests each time a field is resolved.
 Consider the following GraphQL request:
 .. code::
    {
      me {
        name
        bestFriend {
          name
        }
        friends(first: 5) {
          name
          bestFriend {
            name
          }
        }
      }
    }
 If ``me``, ``bestFriend`` and ``friends`` each need to send a request to the backend,
 there could be at most 13 database requests!
 When using DataLoader, we could define the User type using our previous example with
 leaner code and at most 4 database requests, and possibly fewer if there are cache hits.
 .. code:: python
    class User(graphene.ObjectType):
        name = graphene.String()
        best_friend = graphene.Field(lambda: User)
        friends = graphene.List(lambda: User)
        async def resolve_best_friend(root, info):
            return await user_loader.load(root.best_friend_id)
        async def resolve_friends(root, info):
            return await user_loader.load_many(root.friend_ids)
--- a/docs/execution/execute.rst
+++ b/docs/execution/execute.rst
@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
 .. _SchemaExecute:
 Executing a query
 =================
 For executing a query against a schema, you can directly call the ``execute`` method on it.
 .. code:: python
    from graphene import Schema
    schema = Schema(...)
    result = schema.execute('{ name }')
 ``result`` represents the result of execution. ``result.data`` is the result of executing the query, ``result.errors`` is ``None`` if no errors occurred, and is a non-empty list if an error occurred.
 .. _SchemaExecuteContext:
 Context
 _______
 You can pass context to a query via ``context``.
 .. code:: python
    from graphene import ObjectType, String, Schema
    class Query(ObjectType):
        name = String()
        def resolve_name(root, info):
            return info.context.get('name')
    schema = Schema(Query)
    result = schema.execute('{ name }', context={'name': 'Syrus'})
    assert result.data['name'] == 'Syrus'
 Variables
 _________
 You can pass variables to a query via ``variables``.
 .. code:: python
    from graphene import ObjectType, Field, ID, Schema
    class Query(ObjectType):
        user = Field(User, id=ID(required=True))
        def resolve_user(root, info, id):
            return get_user_by_id(id)
    schema = Schema(Query)
    result = schema.execute(
        '''
          query getUser($id: ID) {
            user(id: $id) {
              id
              firstName
              lastName
            }
          }
        ''',
        variables={'id': 12},
    )
 Root Value
 __________
 Value used for :ref:`ResolverParamParent` in root queries and mutations can be overridden using ``root`` parameter.
 .. code:: python
    from graphene import ObjectType, Field, Schema
    class Query(ObjectType):
        me = Field(User)
        def resolve_user(root, info):
            return {'id': root.id, 'firstName': root.name}
    schema = Schema(Query)
    user_root = User(id=12, name='bob')
    result = schema.execute(
        '''
        query getUser {
            user {
                id
                firstName
                lastName
            }
        }
        ''',
        root=user_root
    )
    assert result.data['user']['id'] == user_root.id
 Operation Name
 ______________
 If there are multiple operations defined in a query string, ``operation_name`` should be used to indicate which should be executed.
 .. code:: python
    from graphene import ObjectType, Field, Schema
    class Query(ObjectType):
        user = Field(User)
        def resolve_user(root, info):
            return get_user_by_id(12)
    schema = Schema(Query)
    query_string = '''
        query getUserWithFirstName {
            user {
                id
                firstName
                lastName
            }
        }
        query getUserWithFullName {
            user {
                id
                fullName
            }
        }
    '''
    result = schema.execute(
        query_string,
        operation_name='getUserWithFullName'
    )
    assert result.data['user']['fullName']
--- a/docs/execution/fileuploading.rst
+++ b/docs/execution/fileuploading.rst
@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
 File uploading
 ==============
 File uploading is not part of the official GraphQL spec yet and is not natively
 implemented in Graphene.
 If your server needs to support file uploading then you can use the library: `graphene-file-upload <https://github.com/lmcgartland/graphene-file-upload>`_ which enhances Graphene to add file
 uploads and conforms to the unoffical GraphQL `multipart request spec <https://github.com/jaydenseric/graphql-multipart-request-spec>`_.
--- a/docs/execution/index.rst
+++ b/docs/execution/index.rst
@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
 =========
 Execution
 =========
 .. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2
   execute
   middleware
   dataloader
   fileuploading
   subscriptions
   queryvalidation
--- a/docs/execution/middleware.rst
+++ b/docs/execution/middleware.rst
@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
 Middleware
 ==========
 You can use ``middleware`` to affect the evaluation of fields in your schema.
 A middleware is any object or function that responds to ``resolve(next_middleware, *args)``.
 Inside that method, it should either:
 - Send ``resolve`` to the next middleware to continue the evaluation; or
 - Return a value to end the evaluation early.
 Resolve arguments
 -----------------
 Middlewares ``resolve`` is invoked with several arguments:
 - ``next`` represents the execution chain. Call ``next`` to continue evaluation.
 - ``root`` is the root value object passed throughout the query.
 - ``info`` is the resolver info.
 - ``args`` is the dict of arguments passed to the field.
 Example
 -------
 This middleware only continues evaluation if the ``field_name`` is not ``'user'``
 .. code:: python
    class AuthorizationMiddleware(object):
        def resolve(self, next, root, info, **args):
            if info.field_name == 'user':
                return None
            return next(root, info, **args)
 And then execute it with:
 .. code:: python
    result = schema.execute('THE QUERY', middleware=[AuthorizationMiddleware()])
 If the ``middleware`` argument includes multiple middlewares,
 these middlewares will be executed bottom-up, i.e. from last to first.
 Functional example
 ------------------
 Middleware can also be defined as a function. Here we define a middleware that
 logs the time it takes to resolve each field:
 .. code:: python
    from time import time as timer
    def timing_middleware(next, root, info, **args):
        start = timer()
        return_value = next(root, info, **args)
        duration = round((timer() - start) * 1000, 2)
        parent_type_name = root._meta.name if root and hasattr(root, '_meta') else ''
        logger.debug(f"{parent_type_name}.{info.field_name}: {duration} ms")
        return return_value
 And then execute it with:
 .. code:: python
    result = schema.execute('THE QUERY', middleware=[timing_middleware])
--- a/docs/execution/queryvalidation.rst
+++ b/docs/execution/queryvalidation.rst
@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
 Query Validation
 ================
 GraphQL uses query validators to check if Query AST is valid and can be executed. Every GraphQL server implements
 standard query validators. For example, there is an validator that tests if queried field exists on queried type, that
 makes query fail with "Cannot query field on type" error if it doesn't.
 To help with common use cases, graphene provides a few validation rules out of the box.
 Depth limit Validator
 ---------------------
 The depth limit validator helps to prevent execution of malicious
 queries. It takes in the following arguments.
 - ``max_depth`` is the maximum allowed depth for any operation in a GraphQL document.
 - ``ignore`` Stops recursive depth checking based on a field name. Either a string or regexp to match the name, or a function that returns a boolean
 - ``callback`` Called each time validation runs. Receives an Object which is a map of the depths for each operation.
 Usage
 -----
 Here is how you would implement depth-limiting on your schema.
 .. code:: python
    from graphql import validate, parse
    from graphene import ObjectType, Schema, String
    from graphene.validation import depth_limit_validator
    class MyQuery(ObjectType):
        name = String(required=True)
    schema = Schema(query=MyQuery)
    # queries which have a depth more than 20
    # will not be executed.
    validation_errors = validate(
        schema=schema.graphql_schema,
        document_ast=parse('THE QUERY'),
        rules=(
            depth_limit_validator(
                max_depth=20
            ),
        )
    )
 Disable Introspection
 ---------------------
 the disable introspection validation rule ensures that your schema cannot be introspected.
 This is a useful security measure in production environments.
 Usage
 -----
 Here is how you would disable introspection for your schema.
 .. code:: python
    from graphql import validate, parse
    from graphene import ObjectType, Schema, String
    from graphene.validation import DisableIntrospection
    class MyQuery(ObjectType):
        name = String(required=True)
    schema = Schema(query=MyQuery)
    # introspection queries will not be executed.
    validation_errors = validate(
        schema=schema.graphql_schema,
        document_ast=parse('THE QUERY'),
        rules=(
            DisableIntrospection,
        )
    )
 Implementing custom validators
 ------------------------------
 All custom query validators should extend the `ValidationRule <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-core/blob/v3.0.5/src/graphql/validation/rules/__init__.py#L37>`_
 base class importable from the graphql.validation.rules module. Query validators are visitor classes. They are
 instantiated at the time of query validation with one required argument (context: ASTValidationContext). In order to
 perform validation, your validator class should define one or more of enter_* and leave_* methods. For possible
 enter/leave items as well as details on function documentation, please see contents of the visitor module. To make
 validation fail, you should call validator's report_error method with the instance of GraphQLError describing failure
 reason. Here is an example query validator that visits field definitions in GraphQL query and fails query validation
 if any of those fields are blacklisted:
 .. code:: python
    from graphql import GraphQLError
    from graphql.language import FieldNode
    from graphql.validation import ValidationRule
    my_blacklist = (
        "disallowed_field",
    )
    def is_blacklisted_field(field_name: str):
        return field_name.lower() in my_blacklist
    class BlackListRule(ValidationRule):
        def enter_field(self, node: FieldNode, *_args):
            field_name = node.name.value
            if not is_blacklisted_field(field_name):
                return
            self.report_error(
                GraphQLError(
                    f"Cannot query '{field_name}': field is blacklisted.", node,
                )
            )
--- a/docs/execution/subscriptions.rst
+++ b/docs/execution/subscriptions.rst
@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
 .. _SchemaSubscription:
 Subscriptions
 =============
 To create a subscription, you can directly call the ``subscribe`` method on the
 schema. This method is async and must be awaited.
 .. code:: python
    import asyncio
    from datetime import datetime
    from graphene import ObjectType, String, Schema, Field
    # Every schema requires a query.
    class Query(ObjectType):
        hello = String()
        def resolve_hello(root, info):
            return "Hello, world!"
    class Subscription(ObjectType):
        time_of_day = String()
        async def subscribe_time_of_day(root, info):
            while True:
                yield datetime.now().isoformat()
                await asyncio.sleep(1)
    schema = Schema(query=Query, subscription=Subscription)
    async def main(schema):
        subscription = 'subscription { timeOfDay }'
        result = await schema.subscribe(subscription)
        async for item in result:
            print(item.data['timeOfDay'])
    asyncio.run(main(schema))
 The ``result`` is an async iterator which yields items in the same manner as a query.
--- a/docs/gatsby.config.js
+++ b/docs/gatsby.config.js
@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
 var nib = require("nib");
 var jeet = require("jeet");
 var rupture = require("rupture");
 var path = require("path");
 var ExtractTextPlugin = require("extract-text-webpack-plugin");
 var webpack = require("webpack");
 var CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin');
 module.exports = function(config, env) {
  var IS_STATIC = env === 'static';
  var entry = config._config.entry.slice();
  var publicPath = config._config.output.publicPath;
  // var output = config._config.output;
  // output.filename = "[name].js";
  config._config.entry = {
    bundle: entry,
  };
  config.merge({
    stylus: {
      use: [nib(), jeet(), rupture()]
    },
    output: {
      filename: "[name].js",
      publicPath: "/",
    },
    resolveLoader: {
      root: path.join(__dirname, "node_modules"),
      modulesDirectories: ['./'],
    },
    resolve: {
      root: path.join(__dirname, "node_modules"),
      alias: {
        'original-react': path.join(__dirname, "node_modules", "react"),
        'react/lib': path.join(__dirname, "node_modules", "react", "lib"),
        'react': path.join(__dirname, 'patched-react.js'),
        'pypyjs': '../playground/graphene-js/pypyjs',
        'playground-page': (env != "static")?'../playground/page':'../pages/_empty',
        'playground-wrapper': (env == "develop")?'../playground/page':'../playground/wrapper',
      },
      modulesDirectories: ['./']
    }
  });
  if (IS_STATIC) {
    config.plugin('extract-css', ExtractTextPlugin, ["app.css"]);
  }
  config.plugin('static', CopyWebpackPlugin, [[{ from: '../static'}]]);
  config.plugin('define-env', webpack.DefinePlugin, [{
    "ENV": JSON.stringify(env),
    "PUBLIC_PATH": JSON.stringify(publicPath),
  }]);
  // if (env != "static") {
  //   config.plugin('commons', webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin, ["commons.js"]);
  // }
  config.loader('stylus', function(cfg) {
    cfg.test = /\.styl$/;
    if (IS_STATIC) {
      cfg.loader = ExtractTextPlugin.extract('style-loader', 'css-loader!stylus-loader', { allChunks: true });
    }
    else {
      cfg.loader = 'style-loader!css-loader!stylus-loader';
    }
    return cfg
  });
  config.removeLoader('png');
  config.loader('png', function(cfg) {
    cfg.test = /\.png$/;
    cfg.loader = 'url-loader'
    return cfg
  })
  return config;
 };
--- a/docs/html.js
+++ b/docs/html.js
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
 import React from 'react';
 import DocumentTitle from 'react-document-title';
 export default class Html extends React.Component {
  render() {
    var title = this.props.title || DocumentTitle.rewind();
    return (
      <html lang={this.props.lang}>
        <head>
          <meta charSet="utf-8"/>
          <meta httpEquiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
          <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0 maximum-scale=1.0'/>
          <title>{title}</title>
          <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.png"/>
          <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway:400,600,200,100' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' />
          <link href='/app.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' />
        </head>
        <body>
          <div id="react-mount" dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{__html: this.props.body}} />
          <script src="/bundle.js"/>
          {this.props.config.ga?<script dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{__html: `
            (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
            (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
            m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
            })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
            ga('create', '${this.props.config.ga}', 'auto');
            ga('send', 'pageview');
            `}}
          />:null}
        </body>
      </html>
    );
  }
 }
--- a/docs/index.rst
+++ b/docs/index.rst
@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
 Graphene
 ========
 Contents:
 .. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2
   quickstart
   types/index
   execution/index
   relay/index
   testing/index
   api/index
 .. _Integrations:
 Integrations
 ------------
 * `Graphene-Django <http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/django/en/latest/>`_ (`source <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-django/>`_)
 * Flask-Graphql (`source <https://github.com/graphql-python/flask-graphql>`_)
 * `Graphene-SQLAlchemy <http://docs.graphene-python.org/projects/sqlalchemy/en/latest/>`_ (`source <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-sqlalchemy/>`_)
 * `Graphene-Mongo <http://graphene-mongo.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_ (`source <https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene-mongo>`_)
 * `Starlette <https://www.starlette.io/graphql/>`_ (`source <https://github.com/encode/starlette>`_)
 * `FastAPI <https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/graphql/>`_ (`source <https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi>`_)
--- a/docs/package.json
+++ b/docs/package.json
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
 {
  "name": "graphene-docs",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "Graphene docs",
  "main": "n/a",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
    "build": "npm install && ./node_modules/.bin/gatsby build",
    "deploy": "npm run build"
  },
  "keywords": [
    "graphene"
  ],
  "license": "MIT",
  "dependencies": {
    "codemirror": "5.9.0",
    "copy-webpack-plugin": "^0.2.0",
    "es6-promise": "^3.0.2",
    "extract-text-webpack-plugin": "^0.9.1",
    "gatsby": "^0.7.7",
    "graphiql": "^0.4.5",
    "graphql": "^0.4.13",
    "jeet": "^6.1.2",
    "lodash": "^3.10.1",
    "nib": "^1.1.0",
    "react": "^0.14.6",
    "radium": "0.14.2",
    "react-burger-menu": "1.4.12",
    "react-document-title": "^2.0.1",
    "react-dom": "^0.14.6",
    "react-router": "^0.13.5",
    "rupture": "^0.6.1",
    "stylus-loader": "^1.4.2",
    "url-loader": "^0.5.7",
    "webpack": "^1.12.9"
  }
 }
--- a/docs/pages/_empty.js
+++ b/docs/pages/_empty.js
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 import React from 'react';
 class Empty extends React.Component {
    render() {
      return <div />;
    }
 }
 module.exports = Empty;
--- a/docs/pages/_header.js
+++ b/docs/pages/_header.js
@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
 var IN_BROWSER = typeof window != 'undefined';
 import React from 'react';
 var browser_supported;
 if (IN_BROWSER) {
    var isSafari = navigator.vendor && navigator.vendor.indexOf('Apple') > -1 &&
                   navigator.userAgent && !navigator.userAgent.match('CriOS');
    var browser_supported = !isSafari;
 }
 if (IN_BROWSER && browser_supported) {
  var glfx = require('../vendor/glfx.optim')
  var particlesJS = require('../vendor/particles.js')
 }
 class Header extends React.Component {
  update() {
    if (!this.mounted) return;
    var w = this.video.width;
    var h = this.video.height;
    if (window.devicePixelRatio > 1) {
        w = w/2;
        h = h/2;
    }
    this.texture._.initFromCanvas(w, h, this.video);
    this.canvas.draw(this.texture).tiltShift(0, h*2/3, 10, h*2/3, 15, 200).update();
    requestAnimationFrame(this.update.bind(this));
  }
  componentWillUnmount() {
    this.mounted = false;
  }
  componentDidMount() {
    if (!(IN_BROWSER && browser_supported)) return;
    this.mounted = true;
    new particlesJS('header-background', {
      "particles": {
        "number": {
          "value": 40,
          "density": {
            "enable": true,
            "value_area": 800
          }
        },
        "color": {
          "value": "#ffffff"
        },
        "shape": {
          "type": "circle",
          "stroke": {
            "width": 0,
            "color": "#000000"
          },
          "polygon": {
            "nb_sides": 8
          }
        },
        "opacity": {
          "value": 1,
          "random": true,
          "anim": {
            "enable": true,
            "speed": .1,
            "opacity_min": .1,
            "sync": true
          }
        },
        "size": {
          "value": 2.2,
          "random": false,
          "anim": {
            "enable": false,
            "speed": .2,
            "size_min": 2.44,
            "sync": true
          }
        },
        "line_linked": {
          "enable": true,
          "distance": 240,
          "color": "#ffffff",
          "opacity": .2,
          "width": 3
        },
        "move": {
          "enable": true,
          "speed": 1.1,
          "direction": "none",
          "random": true,
          "straight": false,
          "out_mode": "bounce",
          "bounce": false,
          "attract": {
            "enable": false,
            "rotateX": 600,
            "rotateY": 600
          }
        }
      },
      "interactivity": {
        "detect_on": "canvas",
        "events": {
          "onhover": {
            "enable": true,
            "mode": "repulse"
          },
          "onclick": {
            "enable": true,
            "mode": "repulse"
          },
          "resize": true
        },
        "modes": {
          "grab": {
            "distance": 400,
            "line_linked": {
              "opacity": 1
            }
          },
          "bubble": {
            "distance": 250,
            "size": 0,
            "duration": 2,
            "opacity": 0,
            "speed": 3
          },
          "repulse": {
            "distance": 73.08694910712113,
            "duration": 0.4
          },
          "push": {
            "particles_nb": 4
          },
          "remove": {
            "particles_nb": 2
          }
        }
      },
      "retina_detect": true
    });
    var header_background = document.getElementById('header-background');
    this.canvas = glfx.canvas();
    this.video = header_background.children[0];
    this.context = window.pJSDom[0].pJS.canvas.ctx;
    this.texture = this.canvas.texture(this.video);
    header_background.appendChild(this.canvas);
    requestAnimationFrame(this.update.bind(this));
  }
  render() {
    return (
      <div id="header-background">
      </div>
    );
  }
 }
 module.exports = Header;
--- a/docs/pages/_template.js
+++ b/docs/pages/_template.js
@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
 import React from 'react';
 import { RouteHandler, Link, State } from 'react-router';
 import Icon from 'assets/icon'
 import {stack as Menu} from 'react-burger-menu';
 import Header from './_header'
 import logo from '!raw!assets/logo.svg'
 import styles from '../css/main.styl'
 class Template extends React.Component {
  render() {
    var path = this.props.page.path;
    var isIndex = path == '/';
    return (
      <div>
        <Menu width={200} right>
            <span><Link to="/playground/" className={path.indexOf('/playground')==0?"active":null}>Try it out</Link></span>
            <span><Link to="/docs/quickstart/" className={path.indexOf('/docs')==0?"active":null}>Docs</Link></span>
            <span><Link to="/community/">Community</Link></span>
            <a href="https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/">Github</a>
        </Menu>
        <header className="header">
            <div className="header-wrapper">
                <Link className="header-logo" to="/">
                    <Icon src={logo} />
                    Graphene
                </Link>
                <nav className="header-nav">
                    <Link to="/playground/" className={path.indexOf('/playground')==0?"active":null}>Try it out</Link>
                    <Link to="/docs/quickstart/" className={path.indexOf('/docs')==0?"active":null}>Docs</Link>
                    <Link to="/community/">Community</Link>
                    <a href="https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/">Github</a>
                </nav>
            </div>
            {isIndex?
            <div className="header-extended">
                <h1>
                    GraphQL in Python<br />
                    made <strong>simple</strong>
                </h1>
                <Link to="/docs/quickstart/" className="get-started">Get Started</Link>
                <Header />
            </div>:null}
        </header>
        <RouteHandler {...this.props}/>
      </div>
    );
  }
 }
 module.exports = Template;
--- a/docs/pages/community.md
+++ b/docs/pages/community.md
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
 ---
 layout: page
 title: Community
 active_tab: community
 description: The biggest GraphQL Community in Python
 ---
 Graphene is constantly developing thanks to an active volunteer community. There are many different places where you discuss Graphene, share your experiences or ask for help. **Your feedback and participation are very welcome**!
 If you think working with Graphene is fun, there are many ways you can contribute to it. Please join us in the Slack community and help us shape the next generation API’s.
 [![Public Slack Discussion](https://graphql-slack.herokuapp.com/badge.svg)](https://graphql-slack.herokuapp.com/)
 ## Our Repositories
 -   **GraphQL Core**: [Source Code] - [PyPI package]
 -   **GraphQL Relay**: [Source Code][1] - [PyPI package][2]
 -   **Graphene**: [Source Code][3] - [PyPI package][4]
 Django integration:
 -   **graphql-django-view**: [Source Code][5] - [PyPI package][6]
 -   **django-graphiql**: [Source Code][7] - [PyPI package][8]
 Flask integration:
 -   **Flask-GraphQL**: [Source Code][9] - [PyPI package][10]
 ## Other related projects
 - [Flask GraphQL Demo](https://github.com/amitsaha/flask-graphql-demo) by [@echorand](https://twitter.com/echorand)
 - [Example GraphQL application](https://github.com/msoedov/flask-graphql-example) by [@msoedov](https://twitter.com/msoedov) with Flask, pypy/python3 and MongoDB (using Docker containers)
  [Source Code]: https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-core
  [PyPI package]: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/graphql-core
  [1]: https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-relay
  [2]: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/graphql-relay
  [3]: https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene
  [4]: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/graphene
  [5]: https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-django-view
  [6]: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/graphql-django-view
  [7]: https://github.com/graphql-python/django-graphiql
  [8]: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/django-graphiql
  [9]: https://github.com/graphql-python/flask-graphql
  [10]: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Flask-GraphQL
--- a/docs/pages/docs/_template.js
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/_template.js
@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
 import React from 'react';
 import { RouteHandler, Link, State } from 'react-router';
 import _  from 'lodash';
 class Template extends React.Component {
  goToPage(event) {
    event.target.blur();
    var page = event.target.value;
    this.context.router.transitionTo(page);
  }
  render() {
    var docs = this.props.config.docs;
    var docs_index = _.indexBy(this.props.pages, 'path');
    var pages = [];
    var aside_links = Object.keys(docs).map((key) => {
        let group = docs[key];
        return <div className="docs-aside-group" key={key}>
            <h3>{group.name}</h3>
            {group.pages.map((page) => {
                pages.push(page)
                return <Link key={page} to={page}>{docs_index[page].data.title}</Link>
            })}
        </div>;
    });
    var aside_options = Object.keys(docs).map((key) => {
        let group = docs[key];
        return <optgroup key={key} label={group.name}>
            {group.pages.map((page) => {
                return <option key={page} value={page}>{docs_index[page].data.title}</option>
            })}
        </optgroup>;
    });
    var next_page_index = pages.indexOf(this.props.page.path)+1;
    var next_page = pages[next_page_index];
    return (
      <div>
        <div className="page-title"><h1>Documentation</h1></div>
        <div className="docs">
          <aside className="docs-aside">
              {aside_links}
              <select className="docs-aside-navselect" value={this.props.page.path} onChange={this.goToPage.bind(this)}>
                  {aside_options}
              </select>
          </aside>
          <div className="docs-content">
              <RouteHandler {...this.props} docs={true}/>
              {next_page?<Link className="docs-next" to={next_page}>Next - {docs_index[next_page].data.title} →</Link>:null}
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    );
  }
 }
 Template.contextTypes = {
  router: React.PropTypes.func
 };
 module.exports = Template;
--- a/docs/pages/docs/basic-types.md
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/basic-types.md
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
 ---
 title: Basic Types
 description: Walkthrough Basic Types
 ---
 # Basic Types
 Graphene define the following base Scalar Types:
 - `graphene.String`
 - `graphene.Int`
 - `graphene.Float`
 - `graphene.Boolean`
 - `graphene.ID`
 Also the following Types are available:
 - `graphene.List`
 - `graphene.NonNull`
 ## Shortcuts
 There are some shortcuts for building schemas more easily.
 The following are equivalent
 ```python
 # A list of strings
 string_list = graphene.List(graphene.String())
 string_list = graphene.String().List
 # A non-null string
 string_non_null = graphene.String().NonNull
 string_non_null = graphene.NonNull(graphene.String())
 ```
 ## Custom scalars
 You can also create a custom scalar for your schema.
 If you want to create a DateTime Scalar Type just type:
 ```python
 import datetime
 from graphene.core.classtypes import Scalar
 from graphql.core.language import ast
 class DateTime(Scalar):
    '''DateTime'''
    @staticmethod
    def serialize(dt):
        return dt.isoformat()
    @staticmethod
    def parse_literal(node):
        if isinstance(node, ast.StringValue):
            return datetime.datetime.strptime(
                node.value, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f")
    @staticmethod
    def parse_value(value):
        return datetime.datetime.strptime(value, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f")
 ```
 ## Mounting in ClassTypes
 This types if are mounted in a `ObjectType`, `Interface` or `Mutation`,
 would act as `Field`s.
 ```python
 class Person(graphene.ObjectType):
    name = graphene.String()
 # Is equivalent to:
 class Person(graphene.ObjectType):
    name = graphene.Field(graphene.String())
 ```
 ## Mounting in Fields
 If the types are mounted in a `Field`, would act as `Argument`s.
 ```python
 graphene.Field(graphene.String(), to=graphene.String())
 # Is equivalent to:
 graphene.Field(graphene.String(), to=graphene.Argument(graphene.String()))
 ```
 ## Using custom object types as argument
 To use a custom object type as an argument, you need to inherit `graphene.InputObjectType`, not `graphene.ObjectType`.
 ```python
 class CustomArgumentObjectType(graphene.InputObjectType):
    field1 = graphene.String()
    field2 = graphene.String()
 ```
 Then, when defining this in an argument, you need to wrap it in an `Argument` object.
 ```python
 graphene.Field(graphene.String(), to=graphene.Argument(CustomArgumentObjectType))
 ```
--- a/docs/pages/docs/django/authorization.md
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/django/authorization.md
@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
 ---
 title: Authorization
 description: Details on how to restrict data access
 ---
 # Authorization in Django
 There are two main ways you may want to limit access to data when working
 with Graphene and Django: limiting which fields are accessible via GraphQL
 and limiting which objects a user can access.
 Let's use a simple example model.
 ```python
 from django.db import models
 class Post(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    content = models.TextField()
    published = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    owner = models.ForeignKey('auth.User')
 ```
 ## Limiting Field Access
 This is easy, simply use the `only_fields` meta attribute.
 ```python
 from graphene.contrib.django.types import DjangoNode
 from .models import Post
 class PostNode(DjangoNode):
    class Meta:
        model = Post
        only_fields = ('title', 'content')
 ```
 ## Queryset Filtering On Lists
 In order to filter which objects are available in a queryset-based list,
 define a resolve method for that field and return the desired queryset.
 ```python
 from graphene import ObjectType
 from graphene.contrib.django.filter import DjangoFilterConnectionField
 from .models import Post
 class Query(ObjectType):
    all_posts = DjangoFilterConnectionField(CategoryNode)
    class Meta:
        abstract = True
    def resolve_all_posts(self, args, info):
        return Post.objects.filter(published=True)
 ```
 ## User-based Queryset Filtering
 If you are using `graphql-django-view` you can access Django's request object
 via `info.request_context`.
 ```python
 from graphene import ObjectType
 from graphene.contrib.django.filter import DjangoFilterConnectionField
 from .models import Post
 class Query(ObjectType):
    my_posts = DjangoFilterConnectionField(CategoryNode)
    class Meta:
        abstract = True
    def resolve_my_posts(self, args, info):
        if not info.request_context.user.is_authenticated():
            return []
        else:
            return Post.objects.filter(owner=info.request_context.user)
 ```
 If you're using your own view, passing the request context into the schema is
 simple.
 ```python
 result = schema.execute(query, request_context=request)
 ```
 ## Filtering ID-based node access
 In order to add authorization to id-based node access, we need to add a method
 to your `DjangoNode`.
 ```python
 from graphene.contrib.django.types import DjangoNode
 from .models import Post
 class PostNode(DjangoNode):
    class Meta:
        model = Post
        only_fields = ('title', 'content')
    @classmethod
    def get_node(Cls, id, info):
        try:
            post = Cls._meta.model.objects.get(id=id)
        except Cls._meta.model.DoesNotExist:
            return None
        if post.published or info.request_context.user is post.owner:
            return Cls(instance)
        else:
            return None
 ```
--- a/docs/pages/docs/django/debug.md
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/django/debug.md
@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
 ---
 title: Django Debug Plugin
 description: How to debug Django queries and requests using Graphene
 ---
 # Django Debug Plugin
 You can debug your GraphQL queries in a similar way to [django-debug-toolbar](https://django-debug-toolbar.readthedocs.org/),
 but outputing in the results in GraphQL response as fields, instead of the graphical HTML interface.
 For that, you will need to add the plugin in your graphene schema.
 ## Installation
 For use the Django Debug plugin in Graphene, just import `DjangoDebugPlugin` and add it to the `plugins` argument when you initiate the `Schema`.
 ```python
 from graphene.contrib.django.debug import DjangoDebugPlugin
 # ...
 schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query, plugins=[DjangoDebugPlugin()])
 ```
 This plugin, will add another field in the `Query` named `__debug`.
 ## Querying
 You can query it for outputing all the sql transactions that happened in the GraphQL request, like:
 ```graphql
 {
  # A example that will use the ORM for interact with the DB
  allIngredients {
    edges {
      node {
        id,
        name
      }
    }
  }
  # Here is the debug field that will output the SQL queries
  __debug {
    sql {
      rawSql
    }
  }
 }
 ```
--- a/docs/pages/docs/django/filtering.md
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/django/filtering.md
@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
 ---
 title: Filtering
 description: Details of how to perform filtering in Graphene Django
 ---
 # Filtering
 Graphene integrates with [django-filter](https://django-filter.readthedocs.org)
 to provide filtering of results. See the
 [usage documentation](https://django-filter.readthedocs.org/en/latest/usage.html#the-filter)
 for details on the format for `filter_fields`.
 This filtering is only available when using the Django integrations
 (i.e. nodes which extend `DjangoNode`). Additionally `django-filter`
 is an optional dependency of Graphene. You will need to
 install it manually, which can be done as follows:
 ```bash
 # You'll need to django-filter
 pip install django-filter
 ```
 **Note: The techniques below are demoed in the
 [cookbook example app](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/tree/master/examples/cookbook_django).**
 ## Filterable fields
 The `filter_fields` parameter is used to specify the fields which can be filtered upon.
 The value specified here is passed directly to `django-filter`, so see the
 [filtering documentation](https://django-filter.readthedocs.org/en/latest/usage.html#the-filter)
 for full details on the range of options available.
 For example:
 ```python
 class AnimalNode(DjangoNode):
    class Meta:
        # Assume you have an Animal model defined with the following fields
        model = Animal
        filter_fields = ['name', 'genus', 'is_domesticated']
 class Query(ObjectType):
    animal = relay.NodeField(AnimalNode)
    all_animals = DjangoFilterConnectionField(AnimalNode)
 ```
 You could then perform a query such as:
 ```graphql
 query {
  # Note that fields names become camelcased
  allAnimals(genus: "cat", isDomesticated: true) {
    edges {
      node {
        id,
        name
      }
    }
  }
 }
 ```
 You can also make more complex lookup types available:
 ```python
 class AnimalNode(DjangoNode):
    class Meta:
        model = Animal
        # Provide more complex lookup types
        filter_fields = {
            'name': ['exact', 'icontains', 'istartswith'],
            'genus': ['exact'],
            'is_domesticated': ['exact'],
        }
 ```
 Which you could query as follows:
 ```graphql
 query {
  # Note that fields names become camelcased
  allAnimals(name_Icontains: "lion") {
    edges {
      node {
        id,
        name
      }
    }
  }
 }
 ```
 ## Orderable fields
 Ordering can also be specified using `filter_order_by`. Like `filter_fields`,
 this value is also passed directly to `django-filter` as the `order_by` field.
 For full details see the
 [order_by documentation](https://django-filter.readthedocs.org/en/latest/usage.html#ordering-using-order-by).
 For example:
 ```python
 class AnimalNode(DjangoNode):
    class Meta:
        model = Animal
        filter_fields = ['name', 'genus', 'is_domesticated']
        # Either a tuple/list of fields upon which ordering is allowed, or
        # True to allow filtering on all fields specified in filter_fields
        order_by_fields = True
 ```
 You can then control the ordering via the `orderBy` argument:
 ```graphql
 query {
  allAnimals(orderBy: "name") {
    edges {
      node {
        id,
        name
      }
    }
  }
 }
 ```
 ## Custom Filtersets
 By default Graphene provides easy access to the most commonly used
 features of `django-filter`. This is done by transparently creating a
 `django_filters.FilterSet` class for you and passing in the values for
 `filter_fields` and `order_by_fields`.
 However, you may find this to be insufficient. In these cases you can
 create your own `Filterset` as follows:
 ```python
 class AnimalNode(DjangoNode):
    class Meta:
        # Assume you have an Animal model defined with the following fields
        model = Animal
        filter_fields = ['name', 'genus', 'is_domesticated']
 class AnimalFilter(django_filters.FilterSet):
    # Do case-insensitive lookups on 'name'
    name = django_filters.CharFilter(lookup_type='iexact')
    class Meta:
        model = Animal
        fields = ['name', 'genus', 'is_domesticated']
 class Query(ObjectType):
    animal = relay.NodeField(AnimalNode)
    # We specify our custom AnimalFilter using the filterset_class param
    all_animals = DjangoFilterConnectionField(AnimalNode,
                                              filterset_class=AnimalFilter)
 ```
--- a/docs/pages/docs/django/tutorial.md
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/django/tutorial.md
@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
 ---
 title: Quickstart
 description: A Quick guide to Graphene in Django
 ---
 # Django Tutorial
 Graphene has a number of additional features that are designed to make
 working with Django *really simple*.
 **Note: The code in this quickstart is pulled from the
 [cookbook example app](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/tree/master/examples/cookbook_django)**.
 ## Setup the Django project
 We will setup the project, create the following:
 * A Django project called `cookbook`
 * An app within `cookbook` called `ingredients`
 ```bash
 # Create the project directory
 mkdir cookbook
 cd cookbook
 # Create a virtualenv to isolate our package dependencies locally
 virtualenv env
 source env/bin/activate  # On Windows use `env\Scripts\activate`
 # Install Django and Graphene with Django support
 pip install django
 pip install graphene[django]
 pip install django-graphiql
 # Set up a new project with a single application
 django-admin.py startproject cookbook .  # Note the trailing '.' character
 django-admin.py startapp ingredients
 ```
 Now sync your database for the first time:
 ```bash
 python manage.py migrate
 ```
 Let's create a few simple models...
 ## Defining our models
 Let's get started with these models:
 ```python
 # cookbook/ingredients/models.py
 from django.db import models
 class Category(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
 class Ingredient(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    notes = models.TextField()
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category, related_name='ingredients')
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
 ```
 ## Schema
 GraphQL presents your objects to the world as a graph structure rather than a more
 hierarchical structure to which you may be accustomed. In order to create this
 representation, Graphene needs to know about each *type* of object which will appear in
 the graph.
 This graph also has a *root type* through which all access begins. This is the `Query` class below.
 In this example, we provide the ability to list all users via `all_users`, and the
 ability to obtain a specific user via `get_user`.
 Create `cookbook/ingredients/schema.py` and type the following:
 ```python
 # cookbook/ingredients/schema.py
 from graphene import relay, ObjectType
 from graphene.contrib.django.filter import DjangoFilterConnectionField
 from graphene.contrib.django.types import DjangoNode
 from cookbook.ingredients.models import Category, Ingredient
 # Graphene will automatically map the User model's fields onto the UserType.
 # This is configured in the UserType's Meta class (as you can see below)
 class CategoryNode(DjangoNode):
    class Meta:
        model = Category
        filter_fields = ['name', 'ingredients']
        filter_order_by = ['name']
 class IngredientNode(DjangoNode):
    class Meta:
        model = Ingredient
        # Allow for some more advanced filtering here
        filter_fields = {
            'name': ['exact', 'icontains', 'istartswith'],
            'notes': ['exact', 'icontains'],
            'category': ['exact'],
            'category__name': ['exact'],
        }
        filter_order_by = ['name', 'category__name']
 class Query(ObjectType):
    category = relay.NodeField(CategoryNode)
    all_categories = DjangoFilterConnectionField(CategoryNode)
    ingredient = relay.NodeField(IngredientNode)
    all_ingredients = DjangoFilterConnectionField(IngredientNode)
    class Meta:
        abstract = True
 ```
 The filtering functionality is provided by
 [django-filter](https://django-filter.readthedocs.org). See the
 [usage documentation](https://django-filter.readthedocs.org/en/latest/usage.html#the-filter)
 for details on the format for `filter_fields`.
 Note that the above `Query` class is marked as 'abstract'. This is because we
 want will now create a project-level query which will combine all our app-level
 queries.
 Create the parent project-level `cookbook/schema.py`:
 ```python
 import graphene
 import cookbook.ingredients.schema
 class Query(cookbook.ingredients.schema.Query):
    # This class will inherit from multiple Queries
    # as we begin to add more apps to our project
    pass
 schema = graphene.Schema(name='Cookbook Schema')
 schema.query = Query
 ```
 You can think of this as being something like your top-level `urls.py`
 file (although it currently lacks any namespacing).
 ## Adding GraphiQL
 GraphiQL is a web-based integrated development environment to assist in the
 writing and executing of GraphQL queries. It will provide us with a simple
 and easy way of testing our cookbook project.
 Add `django_graphiql` to `INSTALLED_APPS` in `cookbook/settings.py`:
 ```python
 INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'django_graphiql',
    # This will also make the `graphql_schema` management command available
    'graphene.contrib.django',
 ]
 ```
 ## Creating GraphQL and GraphiQL views
 Unlike a RESTful API, there is only a single URL from which GraphQL is accessed.
 Requests to this URL are handled by Graphene's `GraphQLView` view.
 Additionally, we'll add a URL for aforementioned GraphiQL, and for the Django admin
 interface (the latter can be useful for creating test data).
 ```python
 from django.conf.urls import url, include
 from django.contrib import admin
 from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
 from graphene.contrib.django.views import GraphQLView
 from cookbook.schema import schema
 urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^graphql', csrf_exempt(GraphQLView.as_view(schema=schema))),
    url(r'^graphiql', include('django_graphiql.urls')),
 ]
 ```
 ## Load some test data
 Now is a good time to load up some test data. The easiest option will be to
 [download the ingredients.json](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/graphql-python/graphene/feature/django/examples/cookbook/cookbook/ingredients/fixtures/ingredients.json)
 fixture and place it in
 `cookbook/ingredients/fixtures/ingredients.json`. You can then run the following:
 ```
 $ python ./manage.py loaddata ingredients
 Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
 ```
 Alternatively you can use the Django admin interface to create some data youself.
 You'll need to run the development server (see below), and create a login
 for yourself too (`./manage.py createsuperuser`).
 ## Testing our GraphQL schema
 We're now ready to test the API we've built. Let's fire up the server from the command line.
 ```bash
 $ python ./manage.py runserver
 Performing system checks...
 Django version 1.9, using settings 'cookbook.settings'
 Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
 Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
 ```
 Go to [localhost:8000/graphiql](http://localhost:8000/graphiql) and type your first query!
 ```graphql
 query {
  allIngredients {
    edges {
      node {
        id,
        name
      }
    }
  }
 }
 ```
 The above will return the names & IDs for all ingredients. But perhaps you want
 a specific ingredient:
 ```graphql
 query {
  # Graphene creates globally unique IDs for all objects.
  # You may need to copy this value from the results of the first query
  ingredient(id: "SW5ncmVkaWVudE5vZGU6MQ==") {
    name
  }
 }
 ```
 You can also get each ingredient for each category:
 ```graphql
 query {
  allCategories {
    edges {
      node {
        name,
        ingredients {
          edges {
            node {
              name
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
 }
 ```
 Or you can get only 'meat' ingredients containing the letter 'e':
 ```graphql
 query {
  # You can also use `category: "CATEGORY GLOBAL ID"`
  allIngredients(name_Icontains: "e", categoryName: "Meat") {
    edges {
      node {
        name
      }
    }
  }
 }
 ```
--- a/docs/pages/docs/enums.md
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/enums.md
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
 ---
 title: Enums
 description: Walkthrough Enums
 ---
 # Enums
 A `Enum` is a special `GraphQL` type that represents a set of symbolic names (members) bound to unique, constant values.
 ## Enum definition
 You can create an `Enum` using classes:
 ```python
 import graphene
 class Episode(graphene.Enum):
    NEWHOPE = 4
    EMPIRE = 5
    JEDI = 6
 ```
 But also using instances of Enum:
 ```python
 Episode = graphene.Enum('Episode', [('NEWHOPE', 4), ('EMPIRE', 5), ('JEDI', 6)])
 ```
 ## Notes
 Internally, `graphene.Enum` uses [`enum.Enum`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/enum.html) Python implementation if available, or a backport if not.
 So you can use it in the same way as you would do with Python `enum.Enum`.
--- a/docs/pages/docs/interfaces.md
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/interfaces.md
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
 ---
 title: Interfaces
 description: Walkthrough Interfaces
 ---
 # Interfaces
 An Interface contains the essential fields that will be shared among multiple ObjectTypes.
 The basics:
 - Each Interface is a Python class that inherits from `graphene.Interface`.
 - Each attribute of the Interface represents a GraphQL field.
 ## Quick example
 This example model defines a Character, which has a name. `Human` and `Droid` inherit from it.
 ```python
 import graphene
 # Character is an Interface
 class Character(graphene.Interface):
    name = graphene.String()
 # Human is an ObjectType, as inherits an interface
 class Human(Character):
    born_in = graphene.String()
 # Droid is an ObjectType, as inherits an interface
 class Droid(Character):
    function = graphene.String()
 ```
 **name** is a field in the `Character` interface that will be in both `Human` and `Droid` ObjectTypes (as those inherit from `Character`). Each ObjectType also define extra fields at the same time.
 The above types would have the following representation in a schema:
 ```graphql
 interface Character {
  name: String
 }
 type Droid implements Character {
  name: String
  function: String
 }
 type Human implements Character {
  name: String
  bornIn: String
 }
 ```
--- a/docs/pages/docs/introspection-schema.md
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/introspection-schema.md
@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
 ---
 title: Introspection Schema
 description: A guide to instrospection schema in Django
 ---
 # Introspection Schema
 Relay uses [Babel Relay Plugin](https://facebook.github.io/relay/docs/guides-babel-plugin.html)
 that requires you to provide your GraphQL schema data.
 Graphene comes with a management command for Django to dump your schema data to
 `schema.json` that is compatible with babel-relay-plugin.
 ## Usage
 Include `graphene.django.contrib` to `INSTALLED_APPS` in you project settings:
 ```python
 INSTALLED_APPS += ('graphene.django.contrib')
 ```
 Assuming your Graphene schema is at `tutorial.quickstart.schema`, run the command:
 ```bash
 ./manage.py graphql_schema --schema tutorial.quickstart.schema --out schema.json
 ```
 It dumps your full introspection schema to `schema.json` inside your project root
 directory. Point `babel-relay-plugin` to this file and you're ready to use Relay
 with Graphene GraphQL implementation.
 ## Advanced Usage
 To simplify the command to `./manage.py graphql_schema`, you can specify the
 parameters in your settings.py:
 ```python
 GRAPHENE_SCHEMA = 'tutorial.quickstart.schema'
 GRAPHENE_SCHEMA_OUTPUT = 'data/schema.json'  # defaults to schema.json
 ```
 Running `./manage.py graphql_schema` dumps your schema to
 `<project root>/data/schema.json`.
 ## Help
 Run `./manage.py graphql_schema -h` for command usage.
--- a/docs/pages/docs/mutations.md
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/mutations.md
@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
 ---
 title: Mutations
 description: Walkthrough Mutations
 ---
 # Mutations
 A Mutation is a special ObjectType that define also an Input.
 ## Quick example
 This example defines a Mutation:
 ```python
 import graphene
 class CreatePerson(graphene.Mutation):
    class Input:
        name = graphene.String()
    ok = graphene.Boolean()
    person = graphene.Field('Person')
    @classmethod
    def mutate(cls, instance, args, info):
        person = Person(name=args.get('name'))
        ok = True
        return CreatePerson(person=person, ok=ok)
 ```
 **person** and **ok** are the output fields of the Mutation when is resolved.
 **Input** attributes are the arguments that the Mutation `CreatePerson` needs for resolving, in this case **name** will be the only argument for the mutation.
 **mutate** is the function that will be applied once the mutation is called.
 So, we can finish our schema like this:
 ```python
 # ... the Mutation Class
 class Person(graphene.ObjectType):
    name = graphene.String()
 class MyMutations(graphene.ObjectType):
    create_person = graphene.Field(CreatePerson)
 schema = graphene.Schema(mutation=MyMutations)
 ```
 ## Executing the Mutation
 Then, if we query (`schema.execute(query_str)`) the following:
 ```graphql
 mutation myFirstMutation {
    createPerson(name:"Peter") {
        person {
            name
        }
        ok
    }
 }
 ```
 We should receive:
 ```json
 {
    "createPerson": {
        "person" : {
            name: "Peter"
        },
        "ok": true
    }
 }
--- a/docs/pages/docs/objecttypes.md
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/objecttypes.md
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
 ---
 title: ObjectTypes
 description: Walkthrough ObjectTypes
 ---
 # ObjectTypes
 An ObjectType is the single, definitive source of information about your data. It contains the essential fields and behaviors of the data you’re querying.
 The basics:
 - Each ObjectType is a Python class that inherits `graphene.ObjectType` or inherits an implemented [Interface](/docs/interfaces/).
 - Each attribute of the ObjectType represents a GraphQL field.
 ## Quick example
 This example model defines a Person, which has a first_name and last_name:
 ```python
 import graphene
 class Person(graphene.ObjectType):
    first_name = graphene.String()
    last_name = graphene.String()
    full_name = graphene.String()
    def resolve_full_name(self, args, info):
        return '{} {}'.format(self.first_name, self.last_name)
 ```
 **first_name** and **last_name** are fields of the ObjectType. Each field is specified as a class attribute, and each attribute maps to a GraphQL field.
 The above `Person` ObjectType would have the following representation in a schema:
 ```graphql
 type Person {
  firstName: String
  lastName: String
  fullName: String
 }
 ```
 ## Instances as containers
 Graphene `ObjectType`s could act as containers too.
 So with the previous example you could do.
 ```python
 peter = Person(first_name='Peter', last_name='Griffin')
 ```
--- a/docs/pages/docs/quickstart.md
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/quickstart.md
@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
 ---
 title: Getting started
 description: A Quick guide to Graphene
 ---
 # Getting started
 Let's build a basic GraphQL schema from scratch.
 ## Requirements
 - Python (2.6.5+, 2.7, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, pypy)
 - Graphene (0.4+)
 ## Project setup
 ```bash
 pip install graphene
 ```
 ## Creating a basic Schema
 A GraphQL schema describes your data model, and provides a GraphQL server with an associated set of resolve methods that know how to fetch data.
 We are going to create a very simple schema, with a `Query` with only one field: `hello`. And when we query it should return `"World"`.
 ```python
 import graphene
 class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
    hello = graphene.String()
    def resolve_hello(self, args, info):
        return 'World'
 schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
 ```
 ## Querying
 Then, we can start querying our schema:
 ```python
 result = schema.execute('{ hello }')
 print result.data['hello'] # "World"
 ```
 Congrats! You got your first graphene schema working!
--- a/docs/pages/docs/relay.md
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/relay.md
@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
 ---
 title: Relay
 description: A Relay implementation in Graphene
 ---
 # Relay
 Graphene has complete support for [Relay](https://facebook.github.io/relay/docs/graphql-relay-specification.html) and offers some utils to make integration from Python easy.
 ## Nodes
 A `Node` is an Interface provided by `graphene.relay` that contains a single field `id` (which is a `ID!`). Any object that inherits from it have to implement a `get_node` method for retrieving a `Node` by an *id*.
 Example usage (taken from the [Starwars Relay example](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/blob/master/examples/starwars_relay/schema.py)):
 ```python
 class Ship(relay.Node):
    '''A ship in the Star Wars saga'''
    name = graphene.String(description='The name of the ship.')
    @classmethod
    def get_node(cls, id, info):
        return get_ship(id)
 ```
 The `id` returned by the `Ship` type when you query it will be a scalar which contains the enough info for the server for knowing it's type and it's id.
 For example, the instance `Ship(id=1)` will return `U2hpcDox` as the id when you query it (which is the base64 encoding of `Ship:1`), and which could be useful later if we want to query a node by its id.
 ## Connection
 A connection is a vitaminized version of a List that provides ways of slicing and paginating through it. The way you create Connection fields in `graphene` is using `relay.ConnectionField`.
 You can create connection fields in any ObjectType, but the connection **must** be linked to an object which inherits from `Node` (in this case, a `Ship`).
 ```python
 class Faction(graphene.ObjectType):
    name = graphene.String()
    ships = relay.ConnectionField(Ship)
    def resolve_ships(self, args, info):
        return []
 ```
 ## Node Root field
 As is required in the [Relay specification](https://facebook.github.io/relay/graphql/objectidentification.htm#sec-Node-root-field), the server must implement a root field called `node` that returns a `Node` Interface.
 For this reason, `graphene` provides the field `relay.NodeField`, which links to any type in the Schema which inherits from `Node`. Example usage:
 ```python
 class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
    node = relay.NodeField()
 ```
 ## Useful links
 * [Getting started with Relay](https://facebook.github.io/relay/docs/graphql-relay-specification.html)
 * [Relay Global Identification Specification](https://facebook.github.io/relay/graphql/objectidentification.htm)
 * [Relay Cursor Connection Specification](https://facebook.github.io/relay/graphql/connections.htm)
 * [Relay input Object Mutation](https://facebook.github.io/relay/graphql/mutations.htm)
--- a/docs/pages/docs/sqlalchemy/tips.md
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/sqlalchemy/tips.md
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
 ---
 title: Tips
 description: Tips when SQLAlchemy in Graphene
 ---
 # Tips
 ## Querying
 For make querying to the database work, there are two alternatives:
 * Expose the db session when you create the `graphene.Schema`:
 ```python
 schema = graphene.Schema(session=session)
 ```
 * Create a query for the models.
 ```python
 Base = declarative_base()
 Base.query = db_session.query_property()
 class MyModel(Base):
 	# ...
 ```
 If you don't specify any, the following error will be displayed:
 `A query in the model Base or a session in the schema is required for querying.`
--- a/docs/pages/docs/sqlalchemy/tutorial.md
+++ b/docs/pages/docs/sqlalchemy/tutorial.md
@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
 ---
 title: Tutorial
 description: Using SQLAlchemy with Graphene
 ---
 # SQLAlchemy + Flask Tutorial
 Graphene comes with builtin support to SQLAlchemy, which makes quite easy to operate with your current models.
 **Note: The code in this tutorial is pulled from the
 [Flask SQLAlchemy example app](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/tree/master/examples/flask_sqlalchemy)**.
 ## Setup the Project
 We will setup the project, execute the following:
 ```bash
 # Create the project directory
 mkdir flask_sqlalchemy
 cd flask_sqlalchemy
 # Create a virtualenv to isolate our package dependencies locally
 virtualenv env
 source env/bin/activate  # On Windows use `env\Scripts\activate`
 # SQLAlchemy and Graphene with SQLAlchemy support
 pip install SQLAlchemy
 pip install graphene[sqlalchemy]
 # Install Flask and GraphQL Flask for exposing the schema through HTTP
 pip install Flask
 pip install Flask-GraphQL
 ```
 ## Defining our models
 Let's get started with these models:
 ```python
 # flask_sqlalchemy/models.py
 from sqlalchemy import *
 from sqlalchemy.orm import (scoped_session, sessionmaker, relationship,
                            backref)
 from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
 engine = create_engine('sqlite:///database.sqlite3', convert_unicode=True)
 db_session = scoped_session(sessionmaker(autocommit=False,
                                         autoflush=False,
                                         bind=engine))
 Base = declarative_base()
 # We will need this for querying
 Base.query = db_session.query_property()
 class Department(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'department'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String)
 class Employee(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'employee'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String)
    hired_on = Column(DateTime, default=func.now())
    department_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('department.id'))
    department = relationship(
        Department,
        backref=backref('employees',
                        uselist=True,
                        cascade='delete,all'))
 ```
 ## Schema
 GraphQL presents your objects to the world as a graph structure rather than a more
 hierarchical structure to which you may be accustomed. In order to create this
 representation, Graphene needs to know about each *type* of object which will appear in
 the graph.
 This graph also has a *root type* through which all access begins. This is the `Query` class below.
 In this example, we provide the ability to list all employees via `all_employees`, and the
 ability to obtain a specific node via `node`.
 Create `flask_sqlalchemy/schema.py` and type the following:
 ```python
 # flask_sqlalchemy/schema.py
 import graphene
 from graphene import relay
 from graphene.contrib.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemyNode, SQLAlchemyConnectionField
 from models import db_session, Department as DepartmentModel, Employee as EmployeeModel
 schema = graphene.Schema()
@schema.register
 class Department(SQLAlchemyNode):
    class Meta:
        model = DepartmentModel
@schema.register
 class Employee(SQLAlchemyNode):
    class Meta:
        model = EmployeeModel
 class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
    node = relay.NodeField()
    all_employees = SQLAlchemyConnectionField(Employee)
 schema.query = Query
 ```
 ## Creating GraphQL and GraphiQL views in Flask
 Unlike a RESTful API, there is only a single URL from which GraphQL is accessed.
 We are going to use Flask to create a server that expose the GraphQL schema under `/graphql` and a interface for querying it easily: GraphiQL under `/graphiql`.
 Afortunately for us, the library `Flask-GraphQL` that we installed previously is making the task quite easy.
 ```python
 # flask_sqlalchemy/app.py
 from flask import Flask
 from flask_graphql import GraphQL
 from models import db_session
 from schema import schema, Department
 app = Flask(__name__)
 app.debug = True
 # This is creating the `/graphql` and `/graphiql` endpoints
 GraphQL(app, schema=schema)
@app.teardown_appcontext
 def shutdown_session(exception=None):
    db_session.remove()
 if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()
 ```
 ## Creating some data
 ```bash
 $ python
 >>> from models import engine, db_session, Base, Department, Employee
 >>> Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)
 >>> # Fill the tables with some data
 >>> engineering = Department(name='Engineering')
 >>> db_session.add(engineering)
 >>> hr = Department(name='Human Resources')
 >>> db_session.add(hr)
 >>> peter = Employee(name='Peter', department=engineering)
 >>> db_session.add(peter)
 >>> roy = Employee(name='Roy', department=engineering)
 >>> db_session.add(roy)
 >>> tracy = Employee(name='Tracy', department=hr)
 >>> db_session.add(tracy)
 >>> db_session.commit()
 ```
 ## Testing our GraphQL schema
 We're now ready to test the API we've built. Let's fire up the server from the command line.
 ```bash
 $ python ./app.py
 * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
 ```
 Go to [localhost:5000/graphiql](http://localhost:5000/graphiql) and type your first query!
 ```graphql
 {
  allEmployees {
    edges {
      node {
        id
        name
        department {
          name
        }
      }
    }
  }
 }
 ```
--- a/docs/pages/index.md
+++ b/docs/pages/index.md
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 ---
 path: /
 ---
 <div class="starwars-example-wrapper"><a class="starwars-example" href="http://swapi.graphene-python.org/">Check our Django Starwars API example!</a></div>
 ## Meet Graphene
 Graphene is a Python library for building GraphQL schemas/types fast and easily.
 **But, what is GraphQL?** A GraphQL query is a string interpreted by a server that returns data in a specified format. We believe *GraphQL* is the next big thing after peanut butter and *REST*.
--- a/docs/pages/playground.js
+++ b/docs/pages/playground.js
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
 import React from 'react';
 import DocumentTitle from 'react-document-title';
 import PlaygroundWrapper from 'playground-wrapper';
 class Playground extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return <DocumentTitle title="Playground - Graphene">
      <PlaygroundWrapper />
    </DocumentTitle>;
  }
 }
 module.exports = Playground;
--- a/docs/patched-react.js
+++ b/docs/patched-react.js
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 // React patched version for render in server side always with same ids
 if (typeof window === "undefined") {
  var ServerReactRootIndex = require('react/lib/ServerReactRootIndex');
  ServerReactRootIndex.createReactRootIndex = function(){
      return "graphene";
  };
 }
 module.exports = require('original-react');
--- a/docs/playground/GraphenePlayground.js
+++ b/docs/playground/GraphenePlayground.js
@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
 import React from 'react';
 import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
 import { RouteHandler, Link, State } from 'react-router';
 import CodeMirror from 'codemirror';
 import { graphql } from 'graphql';
 import GraphiQL from 'graphiql';
 import schema from './schema';
 import pypyjs_vm from 'pypyjs';
 import 'codemirror/mode/python/python';
 import 'codemirror/addon/lint/lint';
 import '../css/playground.styl';
 if (typeof PUBLIC_PATH === "undefined") {
  var PUBLIC_PATH = '';
 }
 pypyjs_vm.rootURL = `${PUBLIC_PATH}/playground/lib/`;
 pypyjs_vm.cacheKey = 'graphene';
 CodeMirror.registerHelper('lint', 'python', function (text, options, editor) {
  return (options.errors || []).map((error) => {
    var tokens = editor.getLineTokens(error.line - 1);
    tokens = tokens.filter((token, pos) => {
      return !!token.type || token.string.trim().length > 0;
    });
    if (!tokens) return [];
    return {
      message: `${error.name}: ${error.message}`,
      severity: 'error',
      type: 'syntax',
      from: CodeMirror.Pos(error.line - 1, tokens[0].start),
      to: CodeMirror.Pos(error.line - 1, tokens[tokens.length-1].end),
    };
  });
 });
 function graphQLFetcher(graphQLParams) {
  return graphql(schema, graphQLParams.query);
 }
 var default_interpreter;
 class Playground extends React.Component {
  constructor() {
    super();
    this.state = {pypyjs: false, stdout: '', response:''};
  }
  stdout() {
    console.log('stdout', arguments);
  }
  componentDidMount() {
    if (default_interpreter) {
      this.pypy_interpreter = default_interpreter;
      this.pypy_interpreter.stdout = this.stdout.bind(this);
    }
    else {
      this.pypy_interpreter = new pypyjs_vm({
        stdin: function(){},
        stdout: this.stdout.bind(this),
        stderr: function(){},
        rootURL: `${PUBLIC_PATH}/playground/lib/`
      });
      default_interpreter = this.pypy_interpreter;
    }
    this.pypyjs = this.pypy_interpreter.ready().then(() => {
      return this.pypy_interpreter.exec(`
 import graphene
 import js
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from graphql.core.execution.executor import Executor
 from graphql.core.execution.middlewares.sync import SynchronousExecutionMiddleware
 from graphql.core.error import GraphQLError, format_error
 def get_wrapped(f):
    if hasattr(f, 'func_closure') and f.func_closure:
        return get_wrapped(f.func_closure[0].cell_contents)
    return f
 class TrackResolver(SynchronousExecutionMiddleware):
    @staticmethod
    def run_resolve_fn(resolver, original_resolver):
        if resolver.func.__module__ == '__main__':
            line = get_wrapped(resolver.func).resolver.func_code.co_firstlineno
            js.globals.markLine(line-3)
        return SynchronousExecutionMiddleware.run_resolve_fn(resolver, original_resolver)
 __graphene_executor = Executor([TrackResolver()], map_type=OrderedDict)
 `);
    }).then(() => {
      this.createSchema(this.props.initialSchema);
    }).then(() => {
      this.setState({pypyjs: true, response:'"Execute the query for see the results"'});
    });
    window.markLine = (lineNo) => {
      this.markLine(lineNo);
    }
    this.editor = CodeMirror(ReactDOM.findDOMNode(this.refs.schemaCode), {
      value: this.props.initialSchema,
      mode:  "python",
      theme: "graphene",
      lineNumbers: true,
      tabSize: 4,
      indentUnit: 4,
      gutters: ["CodeMirror-linenumbers", "breakpoints"],
      lint: {
        errors: [],
      },
    });
    this.editor.on("change", this.onEditorChange.bind(this));
  }
  onEditorChange() {
    if (this.changeTimeout) {
      clearTimeout(this.changeTimeout);
    }
    if (this.props.onEditSchema) {
      var value = this.editor.getValue();
      if (value != this.props.initialSchema) {
        this.props.onEditSchema(value)
      }
    }
    this.changeTimeout = setTimeout(() =>
      this.updateSchema()
    , 300);
  }
  updateSchema() {
    this.createSchema(this.editor.getValue());
  }
  createSchema(code) {
    if (this.previousCode == code) return;
    console.log('createSchema');
    this.validSchema = null;
    this.pypyjs.then(() => {
      return this.pypy_interpreter.exec(`
 schema = None
 ${code}
 assert schema, 'You have to define a schema'
 `)
    }).then(() => {
      console.log('NO ERRORS');
      this.removeErrors();
      this.validSchema = true;
    }, (err) => {
      this.editor.options.lint.errors = [];
      console.log('ERRORS', err);
      this.logError(err);
      this.validSchema = false;
    }).then(this.updateGraphiQL.bind(this));
    this.previousCode = code;
  }
  updateGraphiQL() {
    if (this.validSchema) {
      this.refs.graphiql.state.schema = null;
      this.refs.graphiql.componentDidMount();
      this.refs.graphiql.forceUpdate();
      this.refs.graphiql.refs.docExplorer.forceUpdate();
    }
  }
  logError(error) {
    var lines = error.trace.split('\n');
    var file_errors = lines.map((errorLine) => {
      return errorLine.match(/File "<string>", line (\d+)/);
    }).filter((x) => !! x);
    if (!file_errors.length) return;
    var line = parseInt(file_errors[file_errors.length-1][1]);
    error.line = line-2;
    if (error.name == "ImportError" && error.message == "No module named django") {
      error.message = "Django is not supported yet in Playground editor";
    }
    this.editor.options.lint.errors.push(error);
    CodeMirror.signal(this.editor, 'change', this.editor);
  }
  removeErrors() {
    this.editor.options.lint.errors = [];
    CodeMirror.signal(this.editor, 'change', this.editor);
  }
  fetcher (graphQLParams) {
    if (!this.validSchema) {
      return graphQLFetcher(arguments);
    }
    return this.execute(graphQLParams.query);
  }
  execute(query) {
    // console.log('execute', query);
    return this.pypyjs.then(() => {
      var x = `
 import json
 result = __graphene_executor.execute(schema.schema, '''${query}''')
 result_dict = {};
 if result.errors:
  result_dict['errors'] = [format_error(e) for e in result.errors]
 if result.data:
  result_dict['data'] = result.data
 result_json = json.dumps(result_dict)
 `;
      return this.pypy_interpreter.exec(x)
    }
    ).then(() =>
      this.pypy_interpreter.get(`result_json`)
    ).then((data) => {
      var json_data = JSON.parse(data);
      return json_data;
    });
  }
  markLine(lineNo) {
    console.log(lineNo);
    var hlLine = this.editor.addLineClass(lineNo, "text", "activeline");
    // var mark = this.editor.markText({line: lineNo, ch: 0}, {line: lineNo, ch: 10}, {className: "called-function"});
    setTimeout(() => {
        this.editor.removeLineClass(lineNo, "text", "activeline");
    }, 1200);
  }
  render() {
    return (
      <div className="playground">
        {!this.state.pypyjs?<div className="loading" />:null}
        <div className="playground-schema">
          <header className="playground-schema-header">
            Schema
          </header>
          <div className="playground-schema-editor" ref="schemaCode" />
        </div>
        <div className="playground-graphiql">
            <GraphiQL ref="graphiql" fetcher={this.fetcher.bind(this)} response={this.state.response} onEditQuery={this.props.onEditQuery} query={this.props.initialQuery}/>
        </div>
      </div>
    );
  }
 }
 module.exports = Playground;
--- a/docs/playground/examples/hello.graphql
+++ b/docs/playground/examples/hello.graphql
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
 query {
  hello
  ping(to:"Peter")
 }
--- a/docs/playground/examples/hello.schema.py
+++ b/docs/playground/examples/hello.schema.py
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
 import graphene
 class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
    hello = graphene.String()
    ping = graphene.String(to=graphene.String())
    def resolve_hello(self, args, info):
        return 'World'
    def resolve_ping(self, args, info):
        return 'Pinging {}'.format(args.get('to'))
 schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
--- a/docs/playground/examples/starwars_relay.graphql
+++ b/docs/playground/examples/starwars_relay.graphql
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
 query {
  empire {
    id
    name
    ships(first:2) {
      edges {
        node {
          id
          name
        }
      }
    }
  }
  node(id:"U2hpcDo4") {
    id
    ... on Ship {
      name
    }
  }
 }
--- a/docs/playground/examples/starwars_relay.schema.py
+++ b/docs/playground/examples/starwars_relay.schema.py
@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
 import graphene
 from graphene import relay, resolve_only_args
 class Ship(relay.Node):
    '''A ship in the Star Wars saga'''
    name = graphene.String(description='The name of the ship.')
    @classmethod
    def get_node(cls, id, info):
        return get_ship(id)
 class Faction(relay.Node):
    '''A faction in the Star Wars saga'''
    name = graphene.String(description='The name of the faction.')
    ships = relay.ConnectionField(
        Ship, description='The ships used by the faction.')
    @resolve_only_args
    def resolve_ships(self, **args):
        # Transform the instance ship_ids into real instances
        return [get_ship(ship_id) for ship_id in self.ships]
    @classmethod
    def get_node(cls, id, info):
        return get_faction(id)
 class IntroduceShip(relay.ClientIDMutation):
    class Input:
        ship_name = graphene.String(required=True)
        faction_id = graphene.String(required=True)
    ship = graphene.Field(Ship)
    faction = graphene.Field(Faction)
    @classmethod
    def mutate_and_get_payload(cls, input, info):
        ship_name = input.get('ship_name')
        faction_id = input.get('faction_id')
        ship = create_ship(ship_name, faction_id)
        faction = get_faction(faction_id)
        return IntroduceShip(ship=ship, faction=faction)
 class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
    rebels = graphene.Field(Faction)
    empire = graphene.Field(Faction)
    node = relay.NodeField()
    @resolve_only_args
    def resolve_rebels(self):
        return get_rebels()
    @resolve_only_args
    def resolve_empire(self):
        return get_empire()
 class Mutation(graphene.ObjectType):
    introduce_ship = graphene.Field(IntroduceShip)
 schema = graphene.Schema(name='Starwars Relay Schema')
 schema.query = Query
 schema.mutation = Mutation
 xwing = Ship(
    id='1',
    name='X-Wing',
 )
 ywing = Ship(
    id='2',
    name='Y-Wing',
 )
 awing = Ship(
    id='3',
    name='A-Wing',
 )
 # Yeah, technically it's Corellian. But it flew in the service of the rebels,
 # so for the purposes of this demo it's a rebel ship.
 falcon = Ship(
    id='4',
    name='Millenium Falcon',
 )
 homeOne = Ship(
    id='5',
    name='Home One',
 )
 tieFighter = Ship(
    id='6',
    name='TIE Fighter',
 )
 tieInterceptor = Ship(
    id='7',
    name='TIE Interceptor',
 )
 executor = Ship(
    id='8',
    name='Executor',
 )
 rebels = Faction(
    id='1',
    name='Alliance to Restore the Republic',
    ships=['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']
 )
 empire = Faction(
    id='2',
    name='Galactic Empire',
    ships=['6', '7', '8']
 )
 data = {
    'Faction': {
        '1': rebels,
        '2': empire
    },
    'Ship': {
        '1': xwing,
        '2': ywing,
        '3': awing,
        '4': falcon,
        '5': homeOne,
        '6': tieFighter,
        '7': tieInterceptor,
        '8': executor
    }
 }
 def create_ship(ship_name, faction_id):
    from .schema import Ship
    next_ship = len(data['Ship'].keys()) + 1
    new_ship = Ship(
        id=str(next_ship),
        name=ship_name
    )
    data['Ship'][new_ship.id] = new_ship
    data['Faction'][faction_id].ships.append(new_ship.id)
    return new_ship
 def get_ship(_id):
    return data['Ship'][_id]
 def get_faction(_id):
    return data['Faction'][_id]
 def get_rebels():
    return get_faction('1')
 def get_empire():
    return get_faction('2')
--- a/docs/playground/examples/tea_store.graphql
+++ b/docs/playground/examples/tea_store.graphql
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
 query {
  store {
    teas(orderBy:"name") {
      name
      steepingTime
    }
  }
 }
--- a/docs/playground/examples/tea_store.schema.py
+++ b/docs/playground/examples/tea_store.schema.py
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
 import graphene
 class Tea(graphene.ObjectType):
    name = graphene.String()
    steeping_time = graphene.Int()
 TEAS = [
    Tea(name='Earl Grey Blue Star', steeping_time=5),
    Tea(name='Milk Oolong', steeping_time=3),
    Tea(name='Gunpowder Golden Temple', steeping_time=3),
    Tea(name='Assam Hatimara', steeping_time=5),
    Tea(name='Bancha', steeping_time=2),
    Tea(name='Ceylon New Vithanakande', steeping_time=5),
    Tea(name='Golden Tip Yunnan', steeping_time=5),
    Tea(name='Jasmine Phoenix Pearls', steeping_time=3),
    Tea(name='Kenya Milima', steeping_time=5),
    Tea(name='Pu Erh First Grade', steeping_time=4),
    Tea(name='Sencha Makoto', steeping_time=3),
 ]
 class Store(graphene.ObjectType):
    teas = graphene.List(Tea, order_by=graphene.String())
    def resolve_teas(self, args, info):
        order_by = args.get("order_by")
        if order_by == "steepingTime":
            return sorted(self.teas, key=lambda tea: tea.steeping_time)
        elif order_by == "name":
            return sorted(self.teas, key=lambda tea: tea.name)
        return self.teas
 class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
    store = graphene.Field(Store)
    def resolve_store(self, args, info):
        return Store(teas=TEAS) 
 schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
--- a/docs/playground/graphene-js/.gitignore
+++ b/docs/playground/graphene-js/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1 @@
 pypy-release-nojit
--- a/docs/playground/graphene-js/FunctionPromise.js
+++ b/docs/playground/graphene-js/FunctionPromise.js
@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
 //
 // FunctionPromise: possibly-asynchronous function constructor.
 //
 // This is a prototype polyfill for a FunctionPromise object as described in:
 //
 //    https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=854627
 //
 // Where possible it will arrange for the function body to be parsed/compiled
 // off of the main thread, with the function object returned asynchronously
 // via a promise.  The fallback implementation processes just falls back to
 // the standard synchronous Function() constructor.
 // 
 // It doesn't (yet) have the following features from the linked proposal:
 //
 //    * ability to copy to different workers
 //    * ability to store in IndexedDB
 // 
 function FunctionPromise(/* [args1[, args2[, ...argN]],], functionBody) */) {
  var useFallback =
    typeof window === "undefined" ||
    window.FunctionPromise !== FunctionPromise ||
    typeof document === "undefined" ||
    typeof document.createElement === "undefined" ||
    typeof document.head === "undefined" ||
    typeof document.head.appendChild === "undefined" ||
    typeof Blob === "undefined" ||
    typeof URL === "undefined" ||
    typeof URL.createObjectURL === "undefined";
  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
  // For the fallback case, we just use the normal Function constructor.
  if (useFallback) {
    try {
      var fn = Function.apply(null, args);
      return Promise.resolve(fn);
    } catch (err) {
      return Promise.reject(err);
    }
  }
  // If we have all the necessary pieces, we can do this asynchronously
  // by writing a <script> tag into the DOM.
  var funcid = FunctionPromise._nextid++;
  return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
    try {
      var funcSrc = [];
      funcSrc.push("window.FunctionPromise._results[" + funcid + "]=");
      funcSrc.push("function(");
      if (args.length > 1) {
        funcSrc.push(args[0]);
        for (var i = 1; i < args.length - 1; i++) {
          funcSrc.push(",");
          funcSrc.push(args[i]);
        }
      }
      funcSrc.push("){");
      funcSrc.push(args[args.length - 1]);
      funcSrc.push("}");
      var dataUrl = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob(funcSrc));
      var scriptTag = document.createElement("script");
      var cleanup = function() {
        URL.revokeObjectURL(dataUrl);
        scriptTag.remove();
        delete window.FunctionPromise._results[funcid];
      }
      scriptTag.onerror = function() {
        reject(new Error("unknown error loading FunctionPromise"))
        cleanup();
      }
      scriptTag.onload = function() {
        if (window.FunctionPromise._results[funcid]) {
          resolve(window.FunctionPromise._results[funcid]);
        } else {
          // No function, something must have gone wrong.
          // Likely a syntax error in the function body string.
          // Fall back to Function() constructor to surface it.
          try {
            Function.apply(null, args);
            reject(new Error("unknown error fulfilling FunctionPromise"));
          } catch (err) {
            reject(err);
          }
        }
        cleanup();
      }
      scriptTag.src = dataUrl;
      document.head.appendChild(scriptTag);
    } catch (err) {
      reject(err);
    }
  });
 }
 FunctionPromise._nextid = 0;
 FunctionPromise._results = {};
 if (typeof module !== "undefined" && typeof module.exports !== "undefined") {
  if (typeof Promise === "undefined") {
    Promise = require('es6-promise').Promise;
  }
  module.exports = FunctionPromise;
 }
--- a/docs/playground/graphene-js/build.sh
+++ b/docs/playground/graphene-js/build.sh
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 cd "$(dirname "$0")"
 if [ ! -d pypyjs-release-nojit ] ; then
 	git clone https://github.com/pypyjs/pypyjs-release-nojit.git
 fi
 GRAPHENE_DIR="$(python -c "import os; import graphene; print os.path.dirname(graphene.__file__)")"
 GRAPHQL_DIR="$(python -c "import os; import graphql; print os.path.dirname(graphql.__file__)")"
 GRAPHQL_RELAY_DIR="$(python -c "import os; import graphql_relay; print os.path.dirname(graphql_relay.__file__)")"
 SIX_DIR="$(python -c "import os; import six; print six.__file__.rstrip('c')")"
 cd pypyjs-release-nojit
 eval python tools/module_bundler.py add ./lib/modules "$GRAPHENE_DIR"
 eval python tools/module_bundler.py add ./lib/modules "$GRAPHQL_DIR"
 eval python tools/module_bundler.py add ./lib/modules "$GRAPHQL_RELAY_DIR"
 eval python tools/module_bundler.py add ./lib/modules "$SIX_DIR"
 python ./tools/module_bundler.py preload ./lib/modules graphene
 python ./tools/module_bundler.py preload ./lib/modules graphene.relay
 python ./tools/module_bundler.py preload ./lib/modules graphql
 python ./tools/module_bundler.py preload ./lib/modules graphql_relay
 python ./tools/module_bundler.py preload ./lib/modules six
 python ./tools/module_bundler.py remove ./lib/modules unittest
 lib_dirname=`perl -e 'use Cwd "abs_path";print abs_path(shift)' lib/`
 if [ -d ../../../static/playground/lib ] ; then
 	rm ../../../static/playground/lib
 fi
 mkdir -p ../../../static/playground
 exec ln -s "$lib_dirname/" ../../../static/playground/lib
--- a/docs/playground/graphene-js/pypyjs.js
+++ b/docs/playground/graphene-js/pypyjs.js
@ -0,0 +1,976 @@
 //
 //  pypyjs:  an experimental in-browser python environment.
 //
 (function() {
 // Expose the main pypyjs function at global scope for this file,
 // as well as in any module exports or 'window' object we can find.
 if (this) {
  this.pypyjs = pypyjs;
 }
 if (typeof window !== "undefined") {
  window.pypyjs = pypyjs;
 }
 if (typeof module !== "undefined") {
  if (typeof module.exports !== "undefined") {
    module.exports = pypyjs;
  }
 }
 // Generic debugging printf.
 var debug = function(){};
 if (typeof console !== "undefined") {
  debug = console.log.bind(console);
 } else if (typeof print !== "undefined" && typeof window === "undefined") {
  debug = print;
 }
 // Find the directory containing this very file.
 // It can be quite difficult depending on execution environment...
 if (typeof __dirname === "undefined" || true) {
  var __dirname = "./";
  // A little hackery to find the URL of this very file.
  // Throw an error, then parse the stack trace looking for filenames.
  var errlines = (new Error()).stack.split("\n");
  for (var i = 0; i < errlines.length; i++) {
    var match = /(at Anonymous function \(|at |@)(.+\/)pypyjs.js/.exec(errlines[i]);
    if (match) {
      __dirname = match[2];
      break;
    }
  }
 }
 if (__dirname.charAt(__dirname.length - 1) !== "/") {
  __dirname += "/";
 }
 if (typeof Promise === "undefined") {
  var Promise = require('es6-promise').Promise;
 }
 // Ensure we have reference to a 'FunctionPromise' constructor.
 var FunctionPromise = require("./FunctionPromise.js");
 if (typeof FunctionPromise === "undefined") {
  throw "FunctionPromise object not found";
 }
 // Create functions for handling default stdio streams.
 // These will be shared by all VM instances by default.
 //
 // We default stdout and stderr to process outputs if available,
 // printing/logging functions otherwise, and /dev/null if nothing
 // else is available.  Unfortunately there's no good way to read
 // synchronously from stdin in javascript, so that's always /dev/null.
 var devNull = {
  stdin: function() { return null; },
  stdout: function() { },
  stderr: function() { }
 }
 var stdio = {
  stdin: null,
  stdout: null,
  stderr: null
 }
 stdio.stdin = devNull.stdin;
 if (typeof process !== "undefined") {
  if (typeof process.stdout !== "undefined") {
    stdio.stdout = function(x) { process.stdout.write(x); }
  }
  if (typeof process.stderr !== "undefined") {
    stdio.stderr = function(x) { process.stderr.write(x); }
  }
 }
 var _print, _printErr;
 if (typeof window === "undefined") {
  // print, printErr from v8, spidermonkey
  if (typeof print !== "undefined") {
    _print = print;
  }
  if (typeof printErr !== "undefined") {
    _printErr = printErr;
  }
 }
 if (typeof console !== "undefined") {
  if (typeof _print === "undefined") {
    _print = console.log.bind(console);
  }
  if (typeof _printErr === "undefined") {
    _printErr = console.error.bind(console);
  }
 }
 if (stdio.stdout == null && typeof _print !== "undefined") {
  // print()/console.log() will add a newline, so we buffer until we
  // receive one and then let it add it for us.
  stdio.stdout = (function() {
    var buffer = [];
    return function(data) {
      for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
        var x = data.charAt(i);
        if (x !== "\n") {
          buffer.push(x);
        } else {
          _print(buffer.join(""));
          buffer.splice(undefined, buffer.length);
        }
      }
    }
  })();
 }
 if (stdio.stderr == null && typeof _printErr !== "undefined") {
  // printErr()/console.error() will add a newline, so we buffer until we
  // receive one and then let it add it for us.
  stdio.stderr = (function() {
    var buffer = [];
    return function(data) {
      for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
        var x = data.charAt(i);
        if (x !== "\n") {
          buffer.push(x);
        } else {
          _printErr(buffer.join(""));
          buffer.splice(undefined, buffer.length);
        }
      }
    }
  })();
 }
 if (stdio.stdout === null) {
  stdio.stdout = devNull.stdout;
 }
 if (stdio.stderr === null) {
  stdio.stderr = devNull.stderr;
 }
 function pypyjs(opts) {
  opts = opts || {};
  this.rootURL = opts.rootURL;
  this.totalMemory = opts.totalMemory || 128 * 1024 * 1024;
  this.autoLoadModules = opts.autoLoadModules || true;
  this._pendingModules = {};
  this._loadedModules = {};
  this._allModules = {};
  // Allow opts to override default IO streams.
  this.stdin = opts.stdin || stdio.stdin;
  this.stdout = opts.stdout || stdio.stdout;
  this.stderr = opts.stderr || stdio.stderr;
  // Default to finding files relative to this very file.
  if (!this.rootURL && !pypyjs.rootURL) {
    pypyjs.rootURL = __dirname;
  }
  if (this.rootURL && this.rootURL.charAt(this.rootURL.length - 1) !== "/") {
    this.rootURL += "/";
  } 
  // If we haven't already done so, fetch and load the code for the VM.
  // We do this once and cache the result for re-use, so that we don't
  // have to pay asmjs compilation overhead each time we create the VM.
  if (! pypyjs._vmBuilderPromise) {
    pypyjs._vmBuilderPromise = this.fetch("pypyjs.vm.js").then((function(xhr) {
      // Parse the compiled code, hopefully asynchronously.
      // Unfortunately our use of Function constructor here doesn't
      // play very well with nodejs, where things like 'module' and
      // 'require' are not in the global scope.  We have to pass them
      // in explicitly as arguments.
      var funcBody = [
        // This is the compiled code for the VM.
        xhr.responseText,
        '\n',
        // Ensure that some functions are available on the Module,
        // for linking with jitted code.
        'if (!Module._jitInvoke && typeof _jitInvoke !== "undefined") {',
        '  Module._jitInvoke = _jitInvoke;',
        '}',
        // Keep some functions that are not exported by default, but
        // which appear in this scope when evaluating the above.
        "Module._emjs_make_handle = _emjs_make_handle;",
        "Module._emjs_free = _emjs_free;",
        // Call dependenciesFulfilled if it won't be done automatically.
        "dependenciesFulfilled=function() { inDependenciesFulfilled(FS); };",
        "if(!memoryInitializer||(!ENVIRONMENT_IS_WEB&&!ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER))dependenciesFulfilled();",
      ].join("");
      return FunctionPromise("Module", "inDependenciesFulfilled", "require",
                             "module", "__filename", "__dirname", funcBody)
    }).bind(this));
  }
  // Create a new instance of the compiled VM, bound to local state
  // and a local Module object.
  this._ready = new Promise((function(resolve, reject) {
    // Initialize the Module object.
    // We make it available on this object so that we can use
    // its methods to execute code in the VM.
    var Module = {};
    this._module = Module;
    Module.TOTAL_MEMORY = this.totalMemory;
    // We will set up the filesystem manually when we're ready.
    Module.noFSInit = true;
    Module.thisProgram = "/lib/pypyjs/pypyjs.js";
    Module.filePackagePrefixURL = this.rootURL || pypyjs.rootURL;
    Module.memoryInitializerPrefixURL = this.rootURL || pypyjs.rootURL;
    Module.locateFile = function(name) {
      return (this.rootURL || pypyjs.rootURL) + name;
    }
    // Don't start or stop the program, just set it up.
    // We'll call the API functions ourself.
    Module.noInitialRun = true;
    Module.noExitRuntime = true;
    // Route stdin to an overridable method on the object.
    var stdin = (function stdin() {
      return this.stdin();
    }).bind(this);
    // Route stdout to an overridable method on the object.
    // We buffer the output for efficiency.
    var stdout_buffer = []
    var stdout = (function stdout(x) {
      var c = String.fromCharCode(x);
      stdout_buffer.push(c);
      if (c === "\n" || stdout_buffer.length >= 128) {
        this.stdout(stdout_buffer.join(""));
        stdout_buffer = [];
      }
    }).bind(this);
    // Route stderr to an overridable method on the object.
    // We do not buffer stderr.
    var stderr = (function stderr(x) {
      var c = String.fromCharCode(x);
      this.stderr(c);
    }).bind(this);
    // This is where execution will continue after loading
    // the memory initialization data, if any.
    var initializedResolve, initializedReject;
    var initializedP = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
      initializedResolve = resolve;
      initializedReject = reject;
    });
    var FS;
    var dependenciesFulfilled = function(fs) {
      FS = fs;
      // Initialize the filesystem state.
      try {
        FS.init(stdin, stdout, stderr);
        Module.FS_createPath("/", "lib/pypyjs/lib_pypy", true, false);
        Module.FS_createPath("/", "lib/pypyjs/lib-python/2.7", true, false);
        initializedResolve();
      } catch (err) {
        initializedReject(err);
      }
    }
    // Begin fetching the metadata for available python modules.
    // With luck these can download while we jank around compiling
    // all of that javascript.
    // XXX TODO: also load memory initializer this way.
    var moduleDataP = this.fetch("modules/index.json");
    pypyjs._vmBuilderPromise.then((function(vmBuilder) {
      var args = [
        Module,
        dependenciesFulfilled,
        typeof undefined,
        typeof undefined,
        typeof undefined,
        typeof __dirname
      ];
      // This links the async-compiled module into our Module object.
      vmBuilder.apply(null, args);
      return initializedP;
    }).bind(this)).then((function() {
      // Continue with processing the downloaded module metadata.
      return moduleDataP.then((function(xhr) {
        // Store the module index, and load any preload modules.
        var modIndex = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
        this._allModules = modIndex.modules;
        if (modIndex.preload) {
          for (var name in modIndex.preload) {
            this._writeModuleFile(name, modIndex.preload[name]);
          }
        }
        // It's finally safe to launch the VM.
        Module.run();
        Module._rpython_startup_code();
        var pypy_home = Module.intArrayFromString("/lib/pypyjs/pypyjs.js");
        pypy_home = Module.allocate(pypy_home, 'i8', Module.ALLOC_NORMAL);
        Module._pypy_setup_home(pypy_home, 0);
        Module._free(pypy_home);
        var initCode = [
          "import js",
          "import sys; sys.platform = 'js'",
          "import traceback",
          "top_level_scope = {'__name__': '__main__'}"
        ];
        initCode.forEach(function(codeStr) {
          var code = Module.intArrayFromString(codeStr);
          var code = Module.allocate(code, 'i8', Module.ALLOC_NORMAL);
          if (!code) {
            throw new pypyjs.Error('Failed to allocate memory');
          }
          var res = Module._pypy_execute_source(code);
          if (res < 0) {
            throw new pypyjs.Error('Failed to execute python code');
          }
          Module._free(code);
        });
      }).bind(this))
    }).bind(this))
    .then(resolve, reject);
  }).bind(this));
 };
 // A simple file-fetching wrapper around XMLHttpRequest,
 // that treats paths as relative to the pypyjs.js root url.
 //
 pypyjs.prototype.fetch = function (relpath, responseType) {
  if (typeof window === "undefined") {
    var localStorage = false;
  }
  else {
    var localStorage = window.localStorage;
  }
  var use_cache = pypyjs.cacheKey && localStorage && relpath != "pypyjs.vm.js";
  if (use_cache) {
    var item = localStorage.getItem(pypyjs.cacheKey+':'+relpath);
    if (item) {
      return new Promise((function(resolve, reject) {
        resolve({ responseText: item });
      }))
    }
  }
  // For the web, use XMLHttpRequest.
  if (typeof XMLHttpRequest !== "undefined") {
    return new Promise((function(resolve, reject) {
      var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
      xhr.onload = function() {
        if (xhr.status >= 400) {
          reject(xhr)
        } else {
          if (use_cache && xhr.responseText) {
            localStorage.setItem(pypyjs.cacheKey+':'+relpath, xhr.responseText);
          }
          resolve(xhr);
        }
      };
      var rootURL = this.rootURL || pypyjs.rootURL;
      xhr.open('GET', rootURL + relpath, true);
      xhr.responseType = responseType || "text";
      xhr.send(null);
    }).bind(this));
  }
  // For nodejs, use fs.readFile.
  if (typeof fs !== "undefined" && typeof fs.readFile !== "undefined") {
    return new Promise((function(resolve, reject) {
      var rootURL = this.rootURL || pypyjs.rootURL;
      fs.readFile(path.join(rootURL, relpath), function(err, data) {
        if (err) return reject(err);
        resolve({ responseText: data.toString() });
      });
    }).bind(this));
  }
  // For spidermonkey, use snarf (which has a binary read mode).
  if (typeof snarf !== "undefined") {
    return new Promise((function(resolve, reject) {
      var rootURL = this.rootURL || pypyjs.rootURL;
      var data = snarf(rootURL + relpath);
      resolve({ responseText: data });
    }).bind(this));
  }
  // For d8, use read() and readbuffer().
  if (typeof read !== "undefined" && typeof readbuffer !== "undefined") {
    return new Promise((function(resolve, reject) {
      var rootURL = this.rootURL || pypyjs.rootURL;
      var data = read(rootURL + relpath);
      resolve({ responseText: data });
    }).bind(this));
  }
  return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
    reject("unable to fetch files");
  });
 };
 if (typeof localStorage !== "undefined") {
  var localStorage = false;
 }
 // pypyjs.prototype.fetch = function fetch(relpath, responseType) {
 //   // For the web, use XMLHttpRequest.
 //   var use_cache = pypyjs.cacheKey && localStorage;
 //   if (use_cache) {
 //     if (var item = localStorage.getItem(pypyjs.cacheKey+'-'+relpath)) {
 //       resolve({ responseText: item });
 //     }
 //   }
 //   if (typeof XMLHttpRequest !== "undefined") {
 //     return new Promise((function(resolve, reject) {
 //       var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
 //       xhr.onload = function() {
 //         if (xhr.status >= 400) {
 //           reject(xhr)
 //         } else {
 //           console.log(xhr.responseText);
 //           if (use_cache && xhr.responseText) {
 //             localStorage.setItem(pypyjs.cacheKey+'-'+relpath, xhr.responseText);
 //           }
 //           resolve(xhr);
 //         }
 //       };
 //       var rootURL = this.rootURL || pypyjs.rootURL;
 //       xhr.open('GET', rootURL + relpath, true);
 //       xhr.responseType = responseType || "text";
 //       xhr.send(null);
 //     }).bind(this));
 //   }
 //   // For nodejs, use fs.readFile.
 //   if (typeof fs !== "undefined" && typeof fs.readFile !== "undefined") {
 //     return new Promise((function(resolve, reject) {
 //       var rootURL = this.rootURL || pypyjs.rootURL;
 //       fs.readFile(path.join(rootURL, relpath), function(err, data) {
 //         if (err) return reject(err);
 //         resolve({ responseText: data.toString() });
 //       });
 //     }).bind(this));
 //   }
 //   // For spidermonkey, use snarf (which has a binary read mode).
 //   if (typeof snarf !== "undefined") {
 //     return new Promise((function(resolve, reject) {
 //       var rootURL = this.rootURL || pypyjs.rootURL;
 //       var data = snarf(rootURL + relpath);
 //       resolve({ responseText: data });
 //     }).bind(this));
 //   }
 //   // For d8, use read() and readbuffer().
 //   if (typeof read !== "undefined" && typeof readbuffer !== "undefined") {
 //     return new Promise((function(resolve, reject) {
 //       var rootURL = this.rootURL || pypyjs.rootURL;
 //       var data = read(rootURL + relpath);
 //       resolve({ responseText: data });
 //     }).bind(this));
 //   }
 //   return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
 //     reject("unable to fetch files");
 //   });
 // };
 // Method to execute python source directly in the VM.
 //
 // This is the basic way to push code into the pypyjs VM.
 // Calling code should not use it directly; rather we use it
 // as a primitive to build up a nicer execution API.
 //
 pypyjs.prototype._execute_source = function _execute_source(code) {
  var Module = this._module;
  code = "try:\n" +
         "  " + code + "\n" +
         "except Exception:\n" +
         "  typ, val, tb = sys.exc_info()\n" +
         "  err_name = getattr(typ, '__name__', str(typ))\n" +
         "  err_msg = str(val)\n" +
         "  err_trace = traceback.format_exception(typ, val, tb)\n" +
         "  err_trace = ''.join(err_trace)\n" +
         "  js.globals['pypyjs']._lastErrorName = err_name\n" +
         "  js.globals['pypyjs']._lastErrorMessage = err_msg\n" +
         "  js.globals['pypyjs']._lastErrorTrace = err_trace\n";
  var code_chars = Module.intArrayFromString(code);
  var code_ptr = Module.allocate(code_chars, 'i8', Module.ALLOC_NORMAL);
  if (!code_ptr) {
    return Promise.reject(new pypyjs.Error("Failed to allocate memory"));
  }
  var res = Module._pypy_execute_source(code_ptr);
  Module._free(code_ptr);
  // XXX TODO: races/re-entrancy on _lastError?
  if (pypyjs._lastErrorName) {
    var err = new pypyjs.Error(
      pypyjs._lastErrorName,
      pypyjs._lastErrorMessage,
      pypyjs._lastErrorTrace
    );
    pypyjs._lastErrorName = null;
    pypyjs._lastErrorMessage = null;
    pypyjs._lastErrorTrace = null;
    return Promise.reject(err);
  }
  if (res < 0) {
    return Promise.reject(new pypyjs.Error("Error executing python code"));
  }
  return Promise.resolve(null);
 }
 function _escape(value) {
  return value.replace(/\\/g, "\\\\").replace(/'/g, "\\'");
 }
 // Method to determine when the interpreter is ready.
 //
 // This method returns a promise that will resolve once the interpreter
 // is ready for use.
 //
 pypyjs.prototype.ready = function ready() {
  return this._ready;
 }
 // Method to execute some python code.
 //
 // This passes the given python code to the VM for execution.
 // It's fairly directly analogous to the "exec" statement in python.
 // It is not possible to directly access the result of the code, if any.
 // Rather you should store it into a variable and then use the get() method.
 //
 pypyjs.prototype.exec = function exec(code) {
  return this._ready.then((function() {
    var p = Promise.resolve();
    // Find any "import" statements in the code,
    // and ensure the modules are ready for loading.
    if (this.autoLoadModules) {
      p = p.then((function() {
        return this.findImportedNames(code);
      }).bind(this))
      .then((function(imports) {
        return this.loadModuleData.apply(this, imports);
      }).bind(this))
    }
    // Now we can execute the code in custom top-level scope.
    code = 'exec \'\'\'' + _escape(code) + '\'\'\' in top_level_scope';
    p = p.then((function() {
      return this._execute_source(code);
    }).bind(this));
    return p;
  }).bind(this));
 }
 // Method to evaluate an expression.
 //
 // This method evaluates an expression and returns its value (assuming the
 // value can be translated into javascript).  It's fairly directly analogous
 // to the "eval" function in python.
 //
 // For backwards-compatibility reasons, it will also evaluate statements.
 // This behaviour is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
 //
 pypyjs.prototype.eval = function (expr) {
  return this._ready.then((function() {
    // First try to execute it as an expression.
    code = "r = eval('" + _escape(expr) + "', top_level_scope)";
    return this._execute_source(code);
  }).bind(this)).then(
    (function() {
      // If that succeeded, return the result.
      return this.get("r", true)
    }).bind(this),
    (function(err) {
      if (err && err.name && err.name !== "SyntaxError") {
        throw err;
      }
      // If that failed, try again via exec().
      if (typeof console !== "undefined") {
        console.warn("Calling pypyjs.eval() with statements is deprecated.");
        console.warn("Use eval() for expressions, exec() for statements.");
      }
      return this.exec(expr);
    }).bind(this)
  )
 }
 // Method to evaluate some python code from a file..
 //
 // This fetches the named file and passes it to the VM for execution.
 //
 pypyjs.prototype.execfile = function execfile(filename) {
  return this.fetch(filename).then((function(xhr) {
    var code = xhr.responseText;
    return this.exec(code);
  }).bind(this));
 }
 // Method to read a python variable.
 //
 // This tries to convert the value in the named python variable into an
 // equivalent javascript value and returns it.  It will fail if the variable
 // does not exist or contains a value that cannot be converted.
 //
 pypyjs._resultsID = 0;
 pypyjs._resultsMap = {};
 pypyjs.prototype.get = function get(name, _fromGlobals) {
  var resid = ""+(pypyjs._resultsID++);
  // We can read from global scope for internal use; don't do this from calling code!
  if (_fromGlobals) {
    var namespace = "globals()";
  } else {
    var namespace = "top_level_scope";
  }
  return this._ready.then((function() {
    var code = namespace + ".get('" + _escape(name) + "', js.undefined)";
    code = "js.convert(" + code + ")"
    code = "js.globals['pypyjs']._resultsMap['" + resid + "'] = " + code;
    return this._execute_source(code);
  }).bind(this)).then((function() {
    var res = pypyjs._resultsMap[resid];
    delete pypyjs._resultsMap[resid];
    return res;
  }).bind(this));
 }
 // Method to set a python variable to a javascript value.
 //
 // This generates a handle to the given object, and arranges for the named
 // python variable to reference it via that handle.
 //
 pypyjs.prototype.set = function set(name, value) {
  return this._ready.then((function() {
    var Module = this._module;
    var h = Module._emjs_make_handle(value);
    name = _escape(name);
    var code = "top_level_scope['" + name + "'] = js.Value(" + h + ")";
    return this._execute_source(code);
  }).bind(this));
 }
 // Method to run an interactive REPL.
 //
 // This method takes takes callback function implementing the user
 // input prompt, and runs a REPL loop using it.  The prompt function
 // may either return the input as a string, or a promise resolving to
 // the input as a string.  If not specified, we read from stdin (which
 // works fine in e.g. nodejs, but is almost certainly not what you want
 // in the browser, because it's blocking).
 //
 pypyjs.prototype.repl = function repl(prmpt) {
  if (!prmpt) {
    // If there's a custom stdin, or we're not in nodejs, then we should
    // default to prompting on stdin/stdout.  For nodejs, we can build
    // an async prompt atop process.stdin.
    var buffer = "";
    if (this.stdin !== devNull.stdin || typeof process === "undefined") {
      prmpt = (function(ps1) {
        var input;
        this.stdout(ps1);
        var c = this.stdin();
        while (c) {
          var idx = c.indexOf("\n");
          if (idx >= 0) {
            var input = buffer + c.substr(0, idx + 1);
            buffer = c.substr(idx + 1);
            return input;
          }
          buffer += c;
          c = this.stdin();
        }
        input = buffer;
        buffer = "";
        return input;
      }).bind(this);
    } else {
      prmpt = (function(ps1) {
        return new Promise((function(resolve, reject) {
          this.stdout(ps1);
          var slurp = function() {
            process.stdin.once("readable", function() {
              var chunk = process.stdin.read();
              if (chunk === null) {
                slurp();
              } else {
                chunk = chunk.toString();
                var idx = chunk.indexOf("\n");
                if (idx < 0) {
                  buffer += chunk;
                  slurp();
                } else {
                  resolve(buffer + chunk.substr(0, idx + 1));
                  buffer = chunk.substr(idx + 1);
                }
              }
            });
          }
          slurp();
        }).bind(this));
      }).bind(this);
    }
  }
  // Set up an InteractiveConsole instance,
  // then loop forever via recursive promises.
  return this._ready.then((function() {
    return this.loadModuleData("code");
  }).bind(this)).then((function() {
    return this._execute_source("import code");
  }).bind(this)).then((function() {
    return this._execute_source("c = code.InteractiveConsole(top_level_scope)");
  }).bind(this)).then((function() {
    return this._repl_loop(prmpt, ">>> ");
  }).bind(this));
 }
 pypyjs.prototype._repl_loop = function _repl_loop(prmpt, ps1) {
  return Promise.resolve().then((function() {
    // Prompt for input, which may happen via async promise.
    return prmpt.call(this, ps1);
  }).bind(this)).then((function(input) {
    // Push it into the InteractiveConsole, a line at a time.
    var p = Promise.resolve();
    input.split("\n").forEach((function(line) {
      // Find any "import" statements in the code,
      // and ensure the modules are ready for loading.
      if (this.autoLoadModules) {
        p = p.then((function() {
          return this.findImportedNames(line);
        }).bind(this))
        .then((function(imports) {
          return this.loadModuleData.apply(this, imports);
        }).bind(this))
      }
      var code = 'r = c.push(\'' + _escape(line) + '\')';
      p = p.then((function() {
        return this._execute_source(code);
      }).bind(this));
    }).bind(this));
    return p;
  }).bind(this)).then((function() {
    // Check the result from the final push.
    return this.get("r", true)
  }).bind(this)).then((function(r) {
    // If r == 1, we're in a multi-line definition.
    // Adjust the prompt accordingly.
    if (r) {
      return this._repl_loop(prmpt, "... ");
    } else {
      return this._repl_loop(prmpt, ">>> ");
    }
  }).bind(this));
 }
 // Method to look for "import" statements in a code string.
 // Returns a promise that will resolve to a list of imported module names.
 //
 // XXX TODO: this is far from complete and should not be done with a regex.
 // Perhaps we can call into python's "ast" module for this parsing?
 //
 var importStatementRE = /(from\s+([a-zA-Z0-9_\.]+)\s+)?import\s+\(?\s*([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\*]+(\s+as\s+[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)?[ \t]*,?[ \t]*)+[ \t]*\)?/g
 pypyjs.prototype.findImportedNames = function findImportedNames(code) {
  var match = null;
  var imports = [];
  importStatementRE.lastIndex = 0;
  while ((match = importStatementRE.exec(code)) !== null) {
    var relmod = match[2];
    if (relmod) {
      relmod = relmod + ".";
    } else {
      relmod = "";
    }
    var submods = match[0].split("import")[1];
    while (submods && /[\s(]/.test(submods.charAt(0))) {
      submods = submods.substr(1);
    }
    while (submods && /[\s)]/.test(submods.charAt(submods.length - 1))) {
      submods = submods.substr(0, submods.length - 1);
    }
    submods = submods.split(/\s*,\s*/);
    for (var i = 0; i < submods.length; i++) {
      var submod = submods[i];
      submod = submod.split(/\s*as\s*/)[0];
      imports.push(relmod + submod);
    }
  }
  return Promise.resolve(imports);
 }
 // Method to load the contents of a python module, along with
 // any dependencies.  This populates the relevant paths within
 // the VMs simulated filesystem so that is can find and import
 // the specified module.
 //
 pypyjs.prototype.loadModuleData = function loadModuleData(/* names */) {
  // Each argument is a name that we want to import.
  // We must find the longest prefix that is an available module
  // and load it along with all its dependencies.
  var modules = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
  return this._ready.then((function() {
    var toLoad = {};
    NEXTNAME: for (var i = 0; i < modules.length; i++) {
      var name = modules[i];
      // Find the nearest containing module for the given name.
      // Note that it may not match a module at all, in which case we ignore it.
      while (true) {
        if (this._allModules[name]) {
          break;
        }
        name = name.substr(0, name.lastIndexOf("."));
        if (!name) continue NEXTNAME;
      }
      this._findModuleDeps(name, toLoad);
    } 
    // Now ensure that each module gets loaded.
    // XXX TODO: we could load these concurrently.
    var p = Promise.resolve();
    for (var name in toLoad) {
      p = p.then(this._makeLoadModuleData(name));
    }
    return p;
  }).bind(this));
 }
 pypyjs.prototype._findModuleDeps = function _findModuleDeps(name, seen) {
  if (!seen) seen = {};
  var deps = [];
  // If we don't know about this module, ignore it.
  if (!this._allModules[name]) {
    return seen;
  }
  // Depend on any explicitly-named imports.
  var imports = this._allModules[name].imports;
  if (imports) {
    for (var i = 0; i < imports.length; i++) {
      deps.push(imports[i]);
    }
  }
  // Depend on the __init__.py for packages.
  if (this._allModules[name].dir) {
    deps.push(name + ".__init__");
  }
  // Include the parent package, if any.
  var idx = name.lastIndexOf(".");
  if (idx !== -1) {
    deps.push(name.substr(0, idx));
  }
  // Recurse for any previously-unseen dependencies.
  seen[name] = true;
  for (var i = 0; i < deps.length; i++) {
    if (!seen[deps[i]]) {
      this._findModuleDeps(deps[i], seen);
    }
  }
  return seen;
 }
 pypyjs.prototype._makeLoadModuleData = function _makeLoadModuleData(name) {
  return (function() {
    // If we've already loaded this module, we're done.
    if (this._loadedModules[name]) {
      return Promise.resolve();
    }
    // If we're already in the process of loading it, use the existing promise.
    if (this._pendingModules[name]) {
      return this._pendingModules[name];
    }
    // If it's a package directory, there's not actually anything to do.
    if (this._allModules[name].dir) {
      return Promise.resolve();
    }
    // We need to fetch the module file and write it out.
    var modfile = this._allModules[name].file;
    var p = this.fetch("modules/" + modfile)
    .then((function(xhr) {
      var contents = xhr.responseText;
      this._writeModuleFile(name, contents)
      delete this._pendingModules[name];
    }).bind(this))
    this._pendingModules[name] = p;
    return p;
  }).bind(this);
 }
 pypyjs.prototype._writeModuleFile = function _writeModuleFile(name, data) {
  var Module = this._module;
  var file = this._allModules[name].file;
  // Create the containing directory first.
  var dir = file.split("/").slice(0, -1).join("/")
  try {
    Module.FS_createPath("/lib/pypyjs/lib_pypy", dir, true, false);
  } catch (e) { }
  // Now we can safely create the file.
  var fullpath = "/lib/pypyjs/lib_pypy/" + file;
  Module.FS_createDataFile(fullpath, "", data, true, false, true);
  this._loadedModules[name] = true;
 }
 // An error class for reporting python exceptions back to calling code.
 // XXX TODO: this could be a lot more user-friendly than a opaque error...
 pypyjs.Error = function pypyjsError(name, message, trace) {
  if (name && typeof message === "undefined") {
    message = name;
    name = "";
  }
  this.name = name || "pypyjs.Error";
  this.message = message || "pypyjs Unknown Error";
  this.trace = trace || "";
 }
 pypyjs.Error.prototype = new Error();
 pypyjs.Error.prototype.constructor = pypyjs.Error;
 // XXX TODO: expose the filesystem for manipulation by calling code.
 // Add convenience methods directly on the 'pypyjs' function, that
 // will invoke corresponding methods on a default VM instance.
 // This makes it look like 'pypyjs' is a singleton VM instance.
 pypyjs._defaultVM = null;
 pypyjs.stdin = stdio.stdin
 pypyjs.stdout = stdio.stdout
 pypyjs.stderr = stdio.stderr
 var PUBLIC_NAMES = ['ready', 'exec', 'eval', 'execfile', 'get', 'set',
                    'repl', 'loadModuleData'];
 PUBLIC_NAMES.forEach(function(name) {
  pypyjs[name] = function() {
    if (!pypyjs._defaultVM) {
      pypyjs._defaultVM = new pypyjs({
        stdin: function(){ return pypyjs.stdin.apply(this, arguments); },
        stdout: function(){ return pypyjs.stdout.apply(this, arguments); },
        stderr: function(){ return pypyjs.stderr.apply(this, arguments); },
      });
    }
    return pypyjs._defaultVM[name].apply(pypyjs._defaultVM, arguments)
  }
 })
 // For nodejs, run a repl when invoked directly from the command-line.
 return pypyjs;
 })();
--- a/docs/playground/page.js
+++ b/docs/playground/page.js
@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
 import React from 'react';
 import GraphenePlayground from './GraphenePlayground';
 import _ from 'lodash';
 const DEFAULT_CACHE_KEY = 'default';
 function filterObject(object, callback, context) {
  if (!object) {
    return null;
  }
  var result = {};
  for (var name in object) {
    if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, name) &&
        callback.call(context, object[name], name, object)) {
      result[name] = object[name];
    }
  }
  return result;
 }
 class Playground extends React.Component {
  componentWillMount() {
    var sourceWasInjected = false;
    var queryParams = this.context.router.getCurrentQuery();
    var {
      cacheKey,
      noCache,
    } = queryParams;
    noCache = (noCache !== undefined) && (noCache !== 'false');
    if (noCache) {
      cacheKey = undefined;
    } else if (!cacheKey) {
      cacheKey = DEFAULT_CACHE_KEY;
    }
    this.schemaCacheKey = `rp-${cacheKey}-schema`;
    this.queryCacheKey = `rp-${cacheKey}-query`;
    this.cacheKey = cacheKey;
    var initialSchema;
    var initialQuery;
    var storedSchema = localStorage.getItem(this.schemaCacheKey);
    var storedQuery = localStorage.getItem(this.queryCacheKey);
    if (noCache) {
      // Use case #1
      // We use the noCache param to force a playground to have certain contents.
      // eg. static example apps
      initialSchema = queryParams.schema || '';
      initialQuery = queryParams.query || '';
      sourceWasInjected = true;
      queryParams = {};
    } else if (cacheKey === DEFAULT_CACHE_KEY) {
      // Use case #2
      // The user loaded the playground without a custom cache key.
      //   Allow code injection via the URL
      //   OR load code from localStorage
      //   OR prime the playground with some default 'hello world' code
      if (queryParams.schema != null) {
        initialSchema = queryParams.schema;
        sourceWasInjected = queryParams.schema !== storedSchema;
      } else if (storedSchema != null) {
        initialSchema = storedSchema;
      } else {
        initialSchema = require('!raw!./examples/hello.schema.py');
      }
      if (queryParams.query != null) {
        initialQuery = queryParams.query;
        sourceWasInjected = queryParams.query !== storedQuery;
      } else if (storedQuery != null) {
        initialQuery = storedQuery;
      } else {
        initialQuery = require('!raw!./examples/hello.graphql');
      }
      queryParams = filterObject({
        schema: queryParams.schema,
        query: queryParams.query,
      }, v => v !== undefined);
    } else if (cacheKey) {
      // Use case #3
      // Custom cache keys are useful in cases where you want to embed a playground
      // that features both custom boilerplate code AND saves the developer's
      // progress, without overwriting the default code cache. eg. a tutorial.
      if (storedSchema != null) {
        initialSchema = storedSchema;
      } else {
        initialSchema = queryParams[`schema_${cacheKey}`];
        if (initialSchema != null) {
          sourceWasInjected = true;
        }
      }
      if (storedQuery != null) {
        initialQuery = storedQuery;
      } else {
        initialQuery = queryParams[`query_${cacheKey}`];
        if (initialQuery != null) {
          sourceWasInjected = true;
        }
      }
      queryParams = {};
    }
    this.changeParams(queryParams);
    this.state = {initialSchema, initialQuery, sourceWasInjected};
    this.queryParams = queryParams;
  }
  shouldComponentUpdate() {
    return false;
  }
  changeParams(queryParams) {
    var router = this.context.router;
    var routeName = router.getCurrentPathname();
    var params = router.getCurrentParams();
    queryParams = _.mapValues(queryParams, encodeURIComponent);
    router.replaceWith(routeName, params, queryParams);
  }
  render() {
    return (<GraphenePlayground
      initialSchema={this.state.initialSchema}
      initialQuery={this.state.initialQuery}
      onEditSchema={(source) => {
        localStorage.setItem(this.schemaCacheKey, source);
        if (this.cacheKey === DEFAULT_CACHE_KEY) {
          this.queryParams.schema = source;
          if (!this.queryParams.query) {
            this.queryParams.query = this.state.initialQuery;
          }
          this.changeParams(this.queryParams);
        }
      }}
      onEditQuery={(source) => {
        localStorage.setItem(this.queryCacheKey, source);
        if (this.cacheKey === DEFAULT_CACHE_KEY) {
          this.queryParams.query = source;
          if (!this.queryParams.schema) {
            this.queryParams.schema = this.state.initialSchema;
          }
          this.changeParams(this.queryParams);
        }
      }}
    />);
  }
 };
 Playground.contextTypes = {
  router: React.PropTypes.func
 };
 module.exports = Playground;
--- a/docs/playground/schema.js
+++ b/docs/playground/schema.js
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
 import {
  GraphQLObjectType,
  GraphQLString,
  GraphQLSchema,
 } from 'graphql';
 export default new GraphQLSchema({
  query: new GraphQLObjectType({
    name: 'Query',
    fields: () => ({
      __emptyField: {type: GraphQLString},
    }),
  }),
 });
--- a/docs/playground/wrapper.js
+++ b/docs/playground/wrapper.js
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
 import React from 'react';
 class PlaygroundWrapper extends React.Component {
  constructor() {
    super();
    this.state = { currentComponent: null };
  }
  componentDidMount() {
    require(["playground-page"], (Playground) =>{
      this.setState({
        currentComponent: Playground
      });
    });
  }
  render() {
    var Current = this.state.currentComponent;
    return Current?<Current />:null;
  }
 }
 module.exports = PlaygroundWrapper;
--- a/docs/quickstart.rst
+++ b/docs/quickstart.rst
@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
 Getting started
 ===============
 Introduction
 ------------
 What is GraphQL?
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 GraphQL is a query language for your API.
 It provides a standard way to:
 * *describe data provided by a server* in a statically typed **Schema**
 * *request data* in a **Query** which exactly describes your data requirements and
 * *receive data* in a **Response** containing only the data you requested.
 For an introduction to GraphQL and an overview of its concepts, please refer to `the official GraphQL documentation`_.
 .. _the official GraphQL documentation: http://graphql.org/learn/
 What is Graphene?
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Graphene is a library that provides tools to implement a GraphQL API in Python using a *code-first* approach.
 Compare Graphene's *code-first* approach to building a GraphQL API with *schema-first* approaches like `Apollo Server`_ (JavaScript) or Ariadne_ (Python). Instead of writing GraphQL **Schema Definition Language (SDL)**, we write Python code to describe the data provided by your server.
 .. _Apollo Server: https://www.apollographql.com/docs/apollo-server/
 .. _Ariadne: https://ariadnegraphql.org/
 Graphene is fully featured with integrations for the most popular web frameworks and ORMs. Graphene produces schemas that are fully compliant with the GraphQL spec and provides tools and patterns for building a Relay-Compliant API as well.
 An example in Graphene
 ----------------------
 Let’s build a basic GraphQL schema to say "hello" and "goodbye" in Graphene.
 When we send a **Query** requesting only one **Field**, ``hello``, and specify a value for the ``firstName`` **Argument**...
 .. code::
    {
      hello(firstName: "friend")
    }
 ...we would expect the following Response containing only the data requested (the ``goodbye`` field is not resolved).
 .. code::
   {
     "data": {
       "hello": "Hello friend!"
     }
   }
 Requirements
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 -  Python (3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, pypy)
 -  Graphene (3.0)
 Project setup
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 .. code:: bash
    pip install "graphene>=3.0"
 Creating a basic Schema
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 In Graphene, we can define a simple schema using the following code:
 .. code:: python
    from graphene import ObjectType, String, Schema
    class Query(ObjectType):
        # this defines a Field `hello` in our Schema with a single Argument `first_name`
        # By default, the argument name will automatically be camel-based into firstName in the generated schema
        hello = String(first_name=String(default_value="stranger"))
        goodbye = String()
        # our Resolver method takes the GraphQL context (root, info) as well as
        # Argument (first_name) for the Field and returns data for the query Response
        def resolve_hello(root, info, first_name):
            return f'Hello {first_name}!'
        def resolve_goodbye(root, info):
            return 'See ya!'
    schema = Schema(query=Query)
 A GraphQL **Schema** describes each **Field** in the data model provided by the server using scalar types like *String*, *Int* and *Enum* and compound types like *List* and *Object*. For more details refer to the Graphene :ref:`TypesReference`.
 Our schema can also define any number of **Arguments** for our **Fields**. This is a powerful way for a **Query** to describe the exact data requirements for each **Field**.
 For each **Field** in our **Schema**, we write a **Resolver** method to fetch data requested by a client's **Query** using the current context and **Arguments**. For more details, refer to this section on :ref:`Resolvers`.
 Schema Definition Language (SDL)
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 In the `GraphQL Schema Definition Language`_, we could describe the fields defined by our example code as shown below.
 .. _GraphQL Schema Definition Language: https://graphql.org/learn/schema/
 .. code::
    type Query {
      hello(firstName: String = "stranger"): String
      goodbye: String
    }
 Further examples in this documentation will use SDL to describe schema created by ObjectTypes and other fields.
 Querying
 ~~~~~~~~
 Then we can start querying our **Schema** by passing a GraphQL query string to ``execute``:
 .. code:: python
    # we can query for our field (with the default argument)
    query_string = '{ hello }'
    result = schema.execute(query_string)
    print(result.data['hello'])
    # "Hello stranger!"
    # or passing the argument in the query
    query_with_argument = '{ hello(firstName: "GraphQL") }'
    result = schema.execute(query_with_argument)
    print(result.data['hello'])
    # "Hello GraphQL!"
 Next steps
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 Congrats! You got your first Graphene schema working!
 Normally, we don't need to directly execute a query string against our schema as Graphene provides many useful Integrations with popular web frameworks like Flask and Django. Check out :ref:`Integrations` for more information on how to get started serving your GraphQL API.
--- a/docs/relay/connection.rst
+++ b/docs/relay/connection.rst
@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
 Connection
 ==========
 A connection is a vitaminized version of a List that provides ways of
 slicing and paginating through it. The way you create Connection types
 in ``graphene`` is using ``relay.Connection`` and ``relay.ConnectionField``.
 Quick example
 -------------
 If we want to create a custom Connection on a given node, we have to subclass the
 ``Connection`` class.
 In the following example, ``extra`` will be an extra field in the connection,
 and ``other`` an extra field in the Connection Edge.
 .. code:: python
    class ShipConnection(Connection):
        extra = String()
        class Meta:
            node = Ship
        class Edge:
            other = String()
 The ``ShipConnection`` connection class, will have automatically a ``pageInfo`` field,
 and a ``edges`` field (which is a list of ``ShipConnection.Edge``).
 This ``Edge`` will have a ``node`` field linking to the specified node
 (in ``ShipConnection.Meta``) and the field ``other`` that we defined in the class.
 Connection Field
 ----------------
 You can create connection fields in any Connection, in case any ObjectType
 that implements ``Node`` will have a default Connection.
 .. code:: python
    class Faction(graphene.ObjectType):
        name = graphene.String()
        ships = relay.ConnectionField(ShipConnection)
        def resolve_ships(root, info):
            return []
--- a/docs/relay/index.rst
+++ b/docs/relay/index.rst
@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
 Relay
 =====
 Graphene has complete support for `Relay`_ and offers some utils to make
 integration from Python easy.
 .. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2
   nodes
   connection
   mutations
 Useful links
 ------------
 -  `Getting started with Relay`_
 -  `Relay Global Identification Specification`_
 -  `Relay Cursor Connection Specification`_
 .. _Relay: https://relay.dev/docs/guides/graphql-server-specification/
 .. _Getting started with Relay: https://relay.dev/docs/getting-started/step-by-step-guide/
 .. _Relay Global Identification Specification: https://relay.dev/graphql/objectidentification.htm
 .. _Relay Cursor Connection Specification: https://relay.dev/graphql/connections.htm
--- a/docs/relay/mutations.rst
+++ b/docs/relay/mutations.rst
@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
 Mutations
 =========
 Most APIs don’t just allow you to read data, they also allow you to
 write.
 In GraphQL, this is done using mutations. Just like queries,
 Relay puts some additional requirements on mutations, but Graphene
 nicely manages that for you. All you need to do is make your mutation a
 subclass of ``relay.ClientIDMutation``.
 .. code:: python
    class IntroduceShip(relay.ClientIDMutation):
        class Input:
            ship_name = graphene.String(required=True)
            faction_id = graphene.String(required=True)
        ship = graphene.Field(Ship)
        faction = graphene.Field(Faction)
        @classmethod
        def mutate_and_get_payload(cls, root, info, **input):
            ship_name = input.ship_name
            faction_id = input.faction_id
            ship = create_ship(ship_name, faction_id)
            faction = get_faction(faction_id)
            return IntroduceShip(ship=ship, faction=faction)
 Accepting Files
 ---------------
 Mutations can also accept files, that's how it will work with different integrations:
 .. code:: python
    class UploadFile(graphene.ClientIDMutation):
         class Input:
             pass
             # nothing needed for uploading file
         # your return fields
         success = graphene.String()
        @classmethod
        def mutate_and_get_payload(cls, root, info, **input):
            # When using it in Django, context will be the request
            files = info.context.FILES
            # Or, if used in Flask, context will be the flask global request
            # files = context.files
            # do something with files
            return UploadFile(success=True)
--- a/docs/relay/nodes.rst
+++ b/docs/relay/nodes.rst
@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
 Nodes
 =====
 A ``Node`` is an Interface provided by ``graphene.relay`` that contains
 a single field ``id`` (which is a ``ID!``). Any object that inherits
 from it has to implement a ``get_node`` method for retrieving a
 ``Node`` by an *id*.
 Quick example
 -------------
 Example usage (taken from the `Starwars Relay example`_):
 .. code:: python
    class Ship(graphene.ObjectType):
        '''A ship in the Star Wars saga'''
        class Meta:
            interfaces = (relay.Node, )
        name = graphene.String(description='The name of the ship.')
        @classmethod
        def get_node(cls, info, id):
            return get_ship(id)
 The ``id`` returned by the ``Ship`` type when you query it will be a
 scalar which contains enough info for the server to know its type and
 its id.
 For example, the instance ``Ship(id=1)`` will return ``U2hpcDox`` as the
 id when you query it (which is the base64 encoding of ``Ship:1``), and
 which could be useful later if we want to query a node by its id.
 Custom Nodes
 ------------
 You can use the predefined ``relay.Node`` or you can subclass it, defining
 custom ways of how a node id is encoded (using the ``to_global_id`` method in the class)
 or how we can retrieve a Node given a encoded id (with the ``get_node_from_global_id`` method).
 Example of a custom node:
 .. code:: python
    class CustomNode(Node):
        class Meta:
            name = 'Node'
        @staticmethod
        def to_global_id(type_, id):
            return f"{type_}:{id}"
        @staticmethod
        def get_node_from_global_id(info, global_id, only_type=None):
            type_, id = global_id.split(':')
            if only_type:
                # We assure that the node type that we want to retrieve
                # is the same that was indicated in the field type
                assert type_ == only_type._meta.name, 'Received not compatible node.'
            if type_ == 'User':
                return get_user(id)
            elif type_ == 'Photo':
                return get_photo(id)
 The ``get_node_from_global_id`` method will be called when ``CustomNode.Field`` is resolved.
 Accessing node types
 --------------------
 If we want to retrieve node instances from a ``global_id`` (scalar that identifies an instance by it's type name and id),
 we can simply do ``Node.get_node_from_global_id(info, global_id)``.
 In the case we want to restrict the instance retrieval to a specific type, we can do:
 ``Node.get_node_from_global_id(info, global_id, only_type=Ship)``. This will raise an error
 if the ``global_id`` doesn't correspond to a Ship type.
 Node Root field
 ---------------
 As is required in the `Relay specification`_, the server must implement
 a root field called ``node`` that returns a ``Node`` Interface.
 For this reason, ``graphene`` provides the field ``relay.Node.Field``,
 which links to any type in the Schema which implements ``Node``.
 Example usage:
 .. code:: python
    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
        # Should be CustomNode.Field() if we want to use our custom Node
        node = relay.Node.Field()
 .. _Relay specification: https://facebook.github.io/relay/docs/graphql-relay-specification.html
 .. _Starwars Relay example: https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/blob/master/examples/starwars_relay/schema.py
--- a/docs/requirements.txt
+++ b/docs/requirements.txt
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
 # Required library
 Sphinx==6.1.3
 sphinx-autobuild==2021.3.14
 # Docs template
 http://graphene-python.org/sphinx_graphene_theme.zip
--- a/docs/static/CNAME
+++ b/docs/static/CNAME
@ -0,0 +1 @@
 graphene-python.org
--- a/docs/static/favicon.png
+++ b/docs/static/favicon.png
--- a/docs/testing/index.rst
+++ b/docs/testing/index.rst
@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
 ===================
 Testing in Graphene
 ===================
 Automated testing is an extremely useful bug-killing tool for the modern developer. You can use a collection of tests – a test suite – to solve, or avoid, a number of problems:
 - When you’re writing new code, you can use tests to validate your code works as expected.
 - When you’re refactoring or modifying old code, you can use tests to ensure your changes haven’t affected your application’s behavior unexpectedly.
 Testing a GraphQL application is a complex task, because a GraphQL application is made of several layers of logic – schema definition, schema validation, permissions and field resolution.
 With Graphene test-execution framework and assorted utilities, you can simulate GraphQL requests, execute mutations, inspect your application’s output and generally verify your code is doing what it should be doing.
 Testing tools
 -------------
 Graphene provides a small set of tools that come in handy when writing tests.
 Test Client
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 The test client is a Python class that acts as a dummy GraphQL client, allowing you to test your views and interact with your Graphene-powered application programmatically.
 Some of the things you can do with the test client are:
 - Simulate Queries and Mutations and observe the response.
 - Test that a given query request is rendered by a given Django template, with a template context that contains certain values.
 Overview and a quick example
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 To use the test client, instantiate ``graphene.test.Client`` and retrieve GraphQL responses:
 .. code:: python
    from graphene.test import Client
    def test_hey():
        client = Client(my_schema)
        executed = client.execute('''{ hey }''')
        assert executed == {
            'data': {
                'hey': 'hello!'
            }
        }
 Execute parameters
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 You can also add extra keyword arguments to the ``execute`` method, such as
 ``context``, ``root``, ``variables``, ...:
 .. code:: python
    from graphene.test import Client
    def test_hey():
        client = Client(my_schema)
        executed = client.execute('''{ hey }''', context={'user': 'Peter'})
        assert executed == {
            'data': {
                'hey': 'hello Peter!'
            }
        }
--- a/docs/types/enums.rst
+++ b/docs/types/enums.rst
@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
 Enums
 =====
 An ``Enum`` is a special ``GraphQL`` type that represents a set of
 symbolic names (members) bound to unique, constant values.
 Definition
 ----------
 You can create an ``Enum`` using classes:
 .. code:: python
    import graphene
    class Episode(graphene.Enum):
        NEWHOPE = 4
        EMPIRE = 5
        JEDI = 6
 But also using instances of Enum:
 .. code:: python
    Episode = graphene.Enum('Episode', [('NEWHOPE', 4), ('EMPIRE', 5), ('JEDI', 6)])
 Value descriptions
 ------------------
 It's possible to add a description to an enum value, for that the enum value
 needs to have the ``description`` property on it.
 .. code:: python
    class Episode(graphene.Enum):
        NEWHOPE = 4
        EMPIRE = 5
        JEDI = 6
        @property
        def description(self):
            if self == Episode.NEWHOPE:
                return 'New Hope Episode'
            return 'Other episode'
 Usage with Python Enums
 -----------------------
 In case the Enums are already defined it's possible to reuse them using
 the ``Enum.from_enum`` function.
 .. code:: python
    graphene.Enum.from_enum(AlreadyExistingPyEnum)
 ``Enum.from_enum`` supports a ``description`` and ``deprecation_reason`` lambdas as input so
 you can add description etc. to your enum without changing the original:
 .. code:: python
    graphene.Enum.from_enum(
        AlreadyExistingPyEnum,
        description=lambda v: return 'foo' if v == AlreadyExistingPyEnum.Foo else 'bar'
    )
 Notes
 -----
 ``graphene.Enum`` uses |enum.Enum|_ internally (or a backport if
 that's not available) and can be used in a similar way, with the exception of
 member getters.
 In the Python ``Enum`` implementation you can access a member by initing the Enum.
 .. code:: python
    from enum import Enum
    class Color(Enum):
        RED = 1
        GREEN = 2
        BLUE = 3
    assert Color(1) == Color.RED
 However, in Graphene ``Enum`` you need to call `.get` to have the same effect:
 .. code:: python
    from graphene import Enum
    class Color(Enum):
        RED = 1
        GREEN = 2
        BLUE = 3
    assert Color.get(1) == Color.RED
 .. |enum.Enum| replace:: ``enum.Enum``
 .. _enum.Enum: https://docs.python.org/3/library/enum.html
--- a/docs/types/index.rst
+++ b/docs/types/index.rst
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
 .. _TypesReference:
 ===============
 Types Reference
 ===============
 .. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 1
   schema
   scalars
   list-and-nonnull
   objecttypes
   enums
   interfaces
   unions
   mutations
--- a/docs/types/interfaces.rst
+++ b/docs/types/interfaces.rst
@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
 .. _Interfaces:
 Interfaces
 ==========
 An *Interface* is an abstract type that defines a certain set of fields that a
 type must include to implement the interface.
 For example, you can define an Interface ``Character`` that represents any
 character in the Star Wars trilogy:
 .. code:: python
    import graphene
    class Character(graphene.Interface):
        id = graphene.ID(required=True)
        name = graphene.String(required=True)
        friends = graphene.List(lambda: Character)
 Any ObjectType that implements ``Character`` will have these exact fields, with
 these arguments and return types.
 For example, here are some types that might implement ``Character``:
 .. code:: python
    class Human(graphene.ObjectType):
        class Meta:
            interfaces = (Character, )
        starships = graphene.List(Starship)
        home_planet = graphene.String()
    class Droid(graphene.ObjectType):
        class Meta:
            interfaces = (Character, )
        primary_function = graphene.String()
 Both of these types have all of the fields from the ``Character`` interface,
 but also bring in extra fields, ``home_planet``, ``starships`` and
 ``primary_function``, that are specific to that particular type of character.
 The full GraphQL schema definition will look like this:
 .. code::
    interface Character {
        id: ID!
        name: String!
        friends: [Character]
    }
    type Human implements Character {
        id: ID!
        name: String!
        friends: [Character]
        starships: [Starship]
        homePlanet: String
    }
    type Droid implements Character {
        id: ID!
        name: String!
        friends: [Character]
        primaryFunction: String
    }
 Interfaces are useful when you want to return an object or set of objects,
 which might be of several different types.
 For example, you can define a field ``hero`` that resolves to any
 ``Character``, depending on the episode, like this:
 .. code:: python
    class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
        hero = graphene.Field(
            Character,
            required=True,
            episode=graphene.Int(required=True)
        )
        def resolve_hero(root, info, episode):
            # Luke is the hero of Episode V
            if episode == 5:
                return get_human(name='Luke Skywalker')
            return get_droid(name='R2-D2')
    schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query, types=[Human, Droid])
 This allows you to directly query for fields that exist on the Character interface
 as well as selecting specific fields on any type that implements the interface
 using `inline fragments <https://graphql.org/learn/queries/#inline-fragments>`_.
 For example, the following query:
 .. code::
    query HeroForEpisode($episode: Int!) {
        hero(episode: $episode) {
            __typename
            name
            ... on Droid {
                primaryFunction
            }
            ... on Human {
                homePlanet
            }
        }
    }
 Will return the following data with variables ``{ "episode": 4 }``:
 .. code:: json
    {
        "data": {
            "hero": {
                "__typename": "Droid",
                "name": "R2-D2",
                "primaryFunction": "Astromech"
            }
        }
    }
 And different data with the variables ``{ "episode": 5 }``:
 .. code:: json
    {
        "data": {
            "hero": {
                "__typename": "Human",
                "name": "Luke Skywalker",
                "homePlanet": "Tatooine"
            }
        }
    }
 Resolving data objects to types
 -------------------------------
 As you build out your schema in Graphene it's common for your resolvers to
 return objects that represent the data backing your GraphQL types rather than
 instances of the Graphene types (e.g. Django or SQLAlchemy models). This works
 well with ``ObjectType`` and ``Scalar`` fields, however when you start using
 Interfaces you might come across this error:
 .. code::
    "Abstract type Character must resolve to an Object type at runtime for field Query.hero ..."
 This happens because Graphene doesn't have enough information to convert the
 data object into a Graphene type needed to resolve the ``Interface``. To solve
 this you can define a ``resolve_type`` class method on the ``Interface`` which
 maps a data object to a Graphene type:
 .. code:: python
    class Character(graphene.Interface):
        id = graphene.ID(required=True)
        name = graphene.String(required=True)
        @classmethod
        def resolve_type(cls, instance, info):
            if instance.type == 'DROID':
                return Droid
            return Human
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
`@ -1,2 +1,2 @@`
	`[run]`	`[run]`
	`omit = graphene/pyutils/,/tests/*`	`omit = graphene/utils/enum.py,graphene/contrib/django/debug/sql/tracking.py,/tests/`