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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<title>
Utilities for layout &middot; Bootstrap Material Design
</title>
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<meta name="twitter:site" content="@FezVrasta">
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<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Utilities for layout">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="For faster mobile-friendly and responsive development, Bootstrap includes dozens of utility classes for showing, hiding, aligning, and spacing content.">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://fezvrasta.github.io/assets/brand/bootstrap-social-logo.png">
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<meta property="og:url" content="https://fezvrasta.github.io/docs/4.0/layout/utilities-for-layout/">
<meta property="og:title" content="Utilities for layout">
<meta property="og:description" content="For faster mobile-friendly and responsive development, Bootstrap includes dozens of utility classes for showing, hiding, aligning, and spacing content.">
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<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200">
<meta property="og:image:height" content="630">
<!-- Meta -->
<meta name="description" content="The most popular HTML, CSS, and JS Material Design library in the world.">
<meta name="author" content="Federico Zivolo and Bootstrap contributors">
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link href="/bootstrap-material-design/dist/css/bootstrap-material-design.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,400,500,700" rel="stylesheet" >
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Documentation extras -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/2/docsearch.min.css" />
<link href="/bootstrap-material-design/assets/css/docs.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Favicons -->
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/bootstrap-material-design/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" href="/bootstrap-material-design/favicon.ico">
</head>
<body class="bd-docs" data-spy="scroll" data-target=".bd-sidenav-active">
<a id="skippy" class="sr-only sr-only-focusable" href="#content">
<div class="container">
<span class="skiplink-text">Skip to main content</span>
</div>
</a>
<header class="navbar navbar-expand navbar-dark flex-column flex-md-row bd-navbar">
<a class="navbar-brand mr-0 mr-md-2" href="/bootstrap-material-design/" aria-label="Bootstrap">
<svg class="d-block" width="36" height="36" viewbox="0 0 612 612" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false"><title>Bootstrap</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M510 8a94.3 94.3 0 0 1 94 94v408a94.3 94.3 0 0 1-94 94H102a94.3 94.3 0 0 1-94-94V102a94.3 94.3 0 0 1 94-94h408m0-8H102C45.9 0 0 45.9 0 102v408c0 56.1 45.9 102 102 102h408c56.1 0 102-45.9 102-102V102C612 45.9 566.1 0 510 0z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M196.77 471.5V154.43h124.15c54.27 0 91 31.64 91 79.1 0 33-24.17 63.72-54.71 69.21v1.76c43.07 5.49 70.75 35.82 70.75 78 0 55.81-40 89-107.45 89zm39.55-180.4h63.28c46.8 0 72.29-18.68 72.29-53 0-31.42-21.53-48.78-60-48.78h-75.57zm78.22 145.46c47.68 0 72.73-19.34 72.73-56s-25.93-55.37-76.46-55.37h-74.49v111.4z"/></svg>
</a>
<div class="navbar-nav-scroll">
<ul class="navbar-nav bd-navbar-nav flex-row">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link " href="/bootstrap-material-design/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Bootstrap');">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/introduction/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Docs');">Documentation</a>
</li>
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<a class="nav-link " href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/examples/" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Examples');">Examples</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item partner creativetim">
<a class="nav-link" href="https://www.creative-tim.com/product/material-dashboard-pro?affiliate_id=87385" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Material Dashboard Pro');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Material Dashboard</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item partner creativetim">
<a class="nav-link" href="https://www.creative-tim.com/product/material-kit-pro?affiliate_id=87385" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Material Kit Pro');" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Material Kit</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item partner mdbootstrap">
<a class="nav-link" href="https://mdbootstrap.com/product/material-design-for-bootstrap-pro/?utm_source=7e4bff&utm_id=7e4bff" onclick="ga('send', 'event', 'Navbar', 'Community links', 'Material Design for Boostrap PRO');"
target="_blank" rel="noopener">Material Design for Bootstrap PRO</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<ul class="navbar-nav flex-row ml-md-auto d-none d-md-flex">
<li class="nav-item dropdown">
<a class="nav-item nav-link dropdown-toggle mr-md-2" href="#" id="bd-versions" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
v4.0
</a>
<div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right" aria-labelledby="bd-versions">
<a class="dropdown-item active" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/">Latest (4.x)</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="https://cdn.rawgit.com/FezVrasta/bootstrap-material-design/gh-pages-v3/index.html">v3.x</a>
</div>
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<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://github.com/FezVrasta/bootstrap-material-design" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="GitHub">
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</a>
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<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://twitter.com/FezVrasta" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Twitter">
<svg class="navbar-nav-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 512 416.32" focusable="false"><title>Twitter</title><path d="M160.83 416.32c193.2 0 298.92-160.22 298.92-298.92 0-4.51 0-9-.2-13.52A214 214 0 0 0 512 49.38a212.93 212.93 0 0 1-60.44 16.6 105.7 105.7 0 0 0 46.3-58.19 209 209 0 0 1-66.79 25.37 105.09 105.09 0 0 0-181.73 71.91 116.12 116.12 0 0 0 2.66 24c-87.28-4.3-164.73-46.3-216.56-109.82A105.48 105.48 0 0 0 68 159.6a106.27 106.27 0 0 1-47.53-13.11v1.43a105.28 105.28 0 0 0 84.21 103.06 105.67 105.67 0 0 1-47.33 1.84 105.06 105.06 0 0 0 98.14 72.94A210.72 210.72 0 0 1 25 370.84a202.17 202.17 0 0 1-25-1.43 298.85 298.85 0 0 0 160.83 46.92" fill="currentColor"/></svg>
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</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link p-2" href="https://spectrum.chat/bootstrap-md" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="Spectrum">
<svg class="navbar-nav-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 512 512" focusable="false"><title>Spectrum</title>
<path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M256,51.2C21.5,51.2,0,83.4,0,222.2c0,94.2,9.7,139.3,89.1,158.7l0,0v58.4c0.5,12.4,11,22.1,23.5,21.6c4-0.2,8-1.4,11.4-3.6l98.8-63.5H256c234.5,0,256-32.3,256-171.5S490.5,51.2,256,51.2z M144.9,265.2c-17.8-0.6-31.8-15.5-31.2-33.3c0.6-17.8,15.5-31.8,33.3-31.2c17.4,0.6,31.2,14.8,31.2,32.2C177.9,251,163,265.5,144.9,265.2C144.9,265.2,144.9,265.2,144.9,265.2zM256,265.2c-17.8-0.6-31.8-15.5-31.2-33.3c0.6-17.8,15.5-31.8,33.3-31.2c17.4,0.6,31.2,14.8,31.2,32.2C289,251,274.1,265.5,256,265.2C256,265.2,256,265.2,256,265.2z M367.1,265.2c-17.8-0.6-31.8-15.5-31.2-33.3c0.6-17.8,15.5-31.8,33.3-31.2c17.4,0.6,31.2,14.8,31.2,32.2C400.1,251,385.2,265.5,367.1,265.2C367.1,265.2,367.1,265.2,367.1,265.2z" />
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<a class="btn btn-bd-yellow d-none d-lg-inline-block mb-3 mb-md-0 ml-md-3" href="https://github.com/FezVrasta/bootstrap-material-design/releases">Download</a>
</header>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row flex-xl-nowrap">
<div class="col-12 col-md-3 col-xl-2 bd-sidebar">
<form class="bd-search d-flex align-items-center">
<input type="search" class="form-control" id="search-input" placeholder="Search..." aria-label="Search for..." autocomplete="off">
<button class="btn-link bd-search-docs-toggle d-md-none p-0 ml-3" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bd-docs-nav" aria-controls="bd-docs-nav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle docs avigation">
<svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 30 30" width="30" height="30" focusable="false"><title>Menu</title><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"/></svg>
</button>
</form>
<nav class="collapse bd-links" id="bd-docs-nav">
<div class="bd-toc-item ">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/introduction/">
Getting started
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/introduction/">
Introduction
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/download/">
Download
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/contents/">
Contents
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/browsers-devices/">
Browsers & devices
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/javascript/">
JavaScript
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/options/">
Options
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/build-tools/">
Build tools
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/webpack/">
Webpack
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/accessibility/">
Accessibility
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item active">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/layout/overview/">
Layout
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/layout/overview/">
Overview
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/layout/grid/">
Grid
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/layout/media-object/">
Media object
</a>
</li>
<li class="active bd-sidenav-active">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/layout/utilities-for-layout/">
Utilities for layout
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item ">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/content/reboot/">
Content
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/content/reboot/">
Reboot
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/content/typography/">
Typography
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/content/code/">
Code
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/content/images/">
Images
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/content/tables/">
Tables
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/content/figures/">
Figures
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item ">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/alerts/">
Components
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/alerts/">
Alerts
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/badge/">
Badge
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/breadcrumb/">
Breadcrumb
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/buttons/">
Buttons
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/button-group/">
Button group
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/card/">
Card
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/carousel/">
Carousel
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/collapse/">
Collapse
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/dropdowns/">
Dropdowns
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/forms/">
Forms
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/input-group/">
Input group
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/jumbotron/">
Jumbotron
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/list-group/">
List group
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/modal/">
Modal
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/navs/">
Navs
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/navbar/">
Navbar
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/pagination/">
Pagination
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/popovers/">
Popovers
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/progress/">
Progress
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/scrollspy/">
Scrollspy
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/tooltips/">
Tooltips
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item ">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/buttons/">
Material Design
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/buttons/">
Buttons
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/collapse-inline/">
Collapse inline
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/drawers/">
Drawers
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/extensions/">
Extensions
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/forms/">
Forms
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/labels/">
Labels
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/list-groups/">
List groups
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/menus/">
Menus
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/navs/">
Navs
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/selections/">
Selections
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/snackbars/">
Snackbars
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item ">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/borders/">
Utilities
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/borders/">
Borders
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/clearfix/">
Clearfix
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/close-icon/">
Close icon
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/colors/">
Colors
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/display/">
Display
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/embed/">
Embed
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/flex/">
Flex
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/float/">
Float
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/image-replacement/">
Image replacement
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/position/">
Position
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/screenreaders/">
Screenreaders
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/sizing/">
Sizing
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/spacing/">
Spacing
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/text/">
Text
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/vertical-align/">
Vertical align
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/visibility/">
Visibility
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item ">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/extend/icons/">
Extend
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/extend/icons/">
Icons
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item ">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/migration/">
Migration
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-xl-block col-xl-2 bd-toc">
<ul class="section-nav">
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#changing-display">Changing display</a></li>
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#flexbox-options">Flexbox options</a></li>
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#margin-and-padding">Margin and padding</a></li>
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#toggle-visibility">Toggle visibility</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 py-md-3 pl-md-5 bd-content" role="main">
<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Utilities for layout</h1>
<p class="bd-lead">For faster mobile-friendly and responsive development, Bootstrap includes dozens of utility classes for showing, hiding, aligning, and spacing content.</p>
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<h2 id="changing-display">Changing <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code></h2>
<p>Use our <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> utilities for responsively toggling common values of the <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> property. Mix it with our grid system, content, or components to show or hide them across specific viewports.</p>
<h2 id="flexbox-options">Flexbox options</h2>
<p>Bootstrap 4 is built with flexbox, but not every element’s <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> has been changed to <code class="highlighter-rouge">display: flex</code> as this would add many unnecessary overrides and unexpectedly change key browser behaviors. Most of <a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/alerts/">our components</a> are built with flexbox enabled.</p>
<p>Should you need to add <code class="highlighter-rouge">display: flex</code> to an element, do so with <code class="highlighter-rouge">.d-flex</code> or one of the responsive variants (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">.d-sm-flex</code>). You’ll need this class or <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> value to allow the use of our extra <a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/flex/">flexbox utilities</a> for sizing, alignment, spacing, and more.</p>
<h2 id="margin-and-padding">Margin and padding</h2>
<p>Use the <code class="highlighter-rouge">margin</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">padding</code> <a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/spacing/">spacing utilities</a> to control how elements and components are spaced and sized. Bootstrap 4 includes a five-level scale for spacing utilities, based on a <code class="highlighter-rouge">1rem</code> value default <code class="highlighter-rouge">$spacer</code> variable. Choose values for all viewports (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">.mr-3</code> for <code class="highlighter-rouge">margin-right: 1rem</code>), or pick responsive variants to target specific viewports (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">.mr-md-3</code> for <code class="highlighter-rouge">margin-right: 1rem</code> starting at the <code class="highlighter-rouge">md</code> breakpoint).</p>
<h2 id="toggle-visibility">Toggle <code class="highlighter-rouge">visibility</code></h2>
<p>When toggling <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> isn’t needed, you can toggle the <code class="highlighter-rouge">visibility</code> of an element with our <a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/visibility/">visibility utilities</a>. Invisible elements will still affect the layout of the page, but are visually hidden from visitors.</p>
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