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Utilities for layout &middot; Bootstrap Material Design
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</header>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row flex-xl-nowrap">
<div class="col-12 col-md-3 col-xl-2 bd-sidebar">
<form class="bd-search d-flex align-items-center">
<input type="search" class="form-control" id="search-input" placeholder="Search..." aria-label="Search for..." autocomplete="off">
<button class="btn-link bd-search-docs-toggle d-md-none p-0 ml-3" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bd-docs-nav" aria-controls="bd-docs-nav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle docs avigation">
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<nav class="collapse bd-links" id="bd-docs-nav">
<div class="bd-toc-item ">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/introduction/">
Getting started
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/introduction/">
Introduction
</a>
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<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/download/">
Download
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/contents/">
Contents
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/browsers-devices/">
Browsers & devices
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/javascript/">
JavaScript
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/options/">
Options
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/build-tools/">
Build tools
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/webpack/">
Webpack
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/getting-started/accessibility/">
Accessibility
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item active">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/layout/overview/">
Layout
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/layout/overview/">
Overview
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/layout/grid/">
Grid
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/layout/media-object/">
Media object
</a>
</li>
<li class="active bd-sidenav-active">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/layout/utilities-for-layout/">
Utilities for layout
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item ">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/content/reboot/">
Content
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/content/reboot/">
Reboot
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/content/typography/">
Typography
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/content/code/">
Code
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/content/images/">
Images
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/content/tables/">
Tables
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/content/figures/">
Figures
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item ">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/alerts/">
Components
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/alerts/">
Alerts
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/badge/">
Badge
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/breadcrumb/">
Breadcrumb
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/buttons/">
Buttons
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/button-group/">
Button group
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/card/">
Card
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/carousel/">
Carousel
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/collapse/">
Collapse
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/dropdowns/">
Dropdowns
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/forms/">
Forms
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/input-group/">
Input group
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/jumbotron/">
Jumbotron
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/list-group/">
List group
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/modal/">
Modal
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/navs/">
Navs
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/navbar/">
Navbar
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/pagination/">
Pagination
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/popovers/">
Popovers
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/progress/">
Progress
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/scrollspy/">
Scrollspy
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/tooltips/">
Tooltips
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item ">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/buttons/">
Material Design
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/buttons/">
Buttons
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/collapse-inline/">
Collapse inline
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/drawers/">
Drawers
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/extensions/">
Extensions
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/forms/">
Forms
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/labels/">
Labels
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/list-groups/">
List groups
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/menus/">
Menus
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/navs/">
Navs
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/selections/">
Selections
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/material-design/snackbars/">
Snackbars
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item ">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/borders/">
Utilities
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/borders/">
Borders
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/clearfix/">
Clearfix
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/close-icon/">
Close icon
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/colors/">
Colors
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/display/">
Display
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/embed/">
Embed
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/flex/">
Flex
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/float/">
Float
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/image-replacement/">
Image replacement
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/position/">
Position
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/screenreaders/">
Screenreaders
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/sizing/">
Sizing
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/spacing/">
Spacing
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/text/">
Text
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/vertical-align/">
Vertical align
</a>
</li>
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/visibility/">
Visibility
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item ">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/extend/icons/">
Extend
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
<li class="">
<a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/extend/icons/">
Icons
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="bd-toc-item ">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/migration/">
Migration
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav">
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="d-none d-xl-block col-xl-2 bd-toc">
<ul class="section-nav">
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#changing-display">Changing display</a></li>
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#flexbox-options">Flexbox options</a></li>
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#margin-and-padding">Margin and padding</a></li>
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#toggle-visibility">Toggle visibility</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 py-md-3 pl-md-5 bd-content" role="main">
<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Utilities for layout</h1>
<p class="bd-lead">For faster mobile-friendly and responsive development, Bootstrap includes dozens of utility classes for showing, hiding, aligning, and spacing content.</p>
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<h2 id="changing-display">Changing <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code></h2>
<p>Use our <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> utilities for responsively toggling common values of the <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> property. Mix it with our grid system, content, or components to show or hide them across specific viewports.</p>
<h2 id="flexbox-options">Flexbox options</h2>
<p>Bootstrap 4 is built with flexbox, but not every elements <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> has been changed to <code class="highlighter-rouge">display: flex</code> as this would add many unnecessary overrides and unexpectedly change key browser behaviors. Most of <a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/components/alerts/">our components</a> are built with flexbox enabled.</p>
<p>Should you need to add <code class="highlighter-rouge">display: flex</code> to an element, do so with <code class="highlighter-rouge">.d-flex</code> or one of the responsive variants (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">.d-sm-flex</code>). Youll need this class or <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> value to allow the use of our extra <a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/flex/">flexbox utilities</a> for sizing, alignment, spacing, and more.</p>
<h2 id="margin-and-padding">Margin and padding</h2>
<p>Use the <code class="highlighter-rouge">margin</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">padding</code> <a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/spacing/">spacing utilities</a> to control how elements and components are spaced and sized. Bootstrap 4 includes a five-level scale for spacing utilities, based on a <code class="highlighter-rouge">1rem</code> value default <code class="highlighter-rouge">$spacer</code> variable. Choose values for all viewports (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">.mr-3</code> for <code class="highlighter-rouge">margin-right: 1rem</code>), or pick responsive variants to target specific viewports (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">.mr-md-3</code> for <code class="highlighter-rouge">margin-right: 1rem</code> starting at the <code class="highlighter-rouge">md</code> breakpoint).</p>
<h2 id="toggle-visibility">Toggle <code class="highlighter-rouge">visibility</code></h2>
<p>When toggling <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> isnt needed, you can toggle the <code class="highlighter-rouge">visibility</code> of an element with our <a href="/bootstrap-material-design/docs/4.0/utilities/visibility/">visibility utilities</a>. Invisible elements will still affect the layout of the page, but are visually hidden from visitors.</p>
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