diff --git a/psycopg/cursor.h b/psycopg/cursor.h
index 941e279e..432425f5 100644
--- a/psycopg/cursor.h
+++ b/psycopg/cursor.h
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ struct cursorObject {
     /* replication cursor attrs */
     int         repl_started:1;          /* if replication is started */
     int         repl_stop:1;             /* if client requested to stop replication */
+    int         repl_consuming:1;        /* if running the consume loop */
     struct timeval repl_keepalive_interval;   /* interval for keepalive messages in replication mode */
     XLogRecPtr  repl_write_lsn;        /* LSN stats for replication feedback messages */
     XLogRecPtr  repl_flush_lsn;
@@ -147,6 +148,22 @@ do \
     return NULL; } \
 while (0)
 
+#define EXC_IF_REPLICATING(self, cmd) \
+do \
+    if ((self)->repl_started) { \
+        PyErr_SetString(ProgrammingError, \
+            #cmd " cannot be used when replication is already in progress"); \
+    return NULL; } \
+while (0)
+
+#define EXC_IF_NOT_REPLICATING(self, cmd) \
+do \
+    if (!(self)->repl_started) { \
+        PyErr_SetString(ProgrammingError, \
+            #cmd " cannot be used when replication is not in progress"); \
+    return NULL; } \
+while (0)
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/psycopg/cursor_type.c b/psycopg/cursor_type.c
index a4581495..c7e6c26a 100644
--- a/psycopg/cursor_type.c
+++ b/psycopg/cursor_type.c
@@ -1600,16 +1600,13 @@ psyco_curs_start_replication_expert(cursorObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject
     EXC_IF_CURS_CLOSED(self);
     EXC_IF_GREEN(start_replication_expert);
     EXC_IF_TPC_PREPARED(self->conn, start_replication_expert);
+    EXC_IF_REPLICATING(self, start_replication_expert);
 
-    if (self->repl_started) {
-        psyco_set_error(ProgrammingError, self, "replication already in progress");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    Dprintf("psyco_curs_start_replication_expert: command = %s", command);
+    Dprintf("psyco_curs_start_replication_expert: %s", command);
 
     self->copysize = 0;
     self->repl_stop = 0;
+    self->repl_consuming = 0;
 
     self->repl_write_lsn = InvalidXLogRecPtr;
     self->repl_flush_lsn = InvalidXLogRecPtr;
@@ -1637,11 +1634,7 @@ psyco_curs_stop_replication(cursorObject *self)
 {
     EXC_IF_CURS_CLOSED(self);
     EXC_IF_CURS_ASYNC(self, stop_replication);
-
-    if (!self->repl_started || self->repl_stop) {
-        psyco_set_error(ProgrammingError, self, "replication is not in progress");
-        return NULL;
-    }
+    EXC_IF_NOT_REPLICATING(self, stop_replication);
 
     self->repl_stop = 1;
 
@@ -1668,6 +1661,13 @@ psyco_curs_consume_replication_stream(cursorObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObje
     EXC_IF_CURS_ASYNC(self, consume_replication_stream);
     EXC_IF_GREEN(consume_replication_stream);
     EXC_IF_TPC_PREPARED(self->conn, consume_replication_stream);
+    EXC_IF_NOT_REPLICATING(self, consume_replication_stream);
+
+    if (self->repl_consuming) {
+        PyErr_SetString(ProgrammingError,
+                        "consume_replication_stream cannot be used when already in the consume loop");
+        return NULL;
+    }
 
     Dprintf("psyco_curs_consume_replication_stream");
 
@@ -1676,11 +1676,15 @@ psyco_curs_consume_replication_stream(cursorObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObje
         return NULL;
     }
 
+    self->repl_consuming = 1;
+
     if (pq_copy_both(self, consume, decode, keepalive_interval) >= 0) {
         res = Py_None;
         Py_INCREF(res);
     }
 
+    self->repl_consuming = 0;
+
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -1696,6 +1700,7 @@ psyco_curs_read_replication_message(cursorObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject
     EXC_IF_CURS_CLOSED(self);
     EXC_IF_GREEN(read_replication_message);
     EXC_IF_TPC_PREPARED(self->conn, read_replication_message);
+    EXC_IF_NOT_REPLICATING(self, read_replication_message);
 
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|i", kwlist,
                                      &decode)) {
@@ -1733,6 +1738,7 @@ psyco_curs_send_replication_feedback(cursorObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObjec
     static char* kwlist[] = {"write_lsn", "flush_lsn", "apply_lsn", "reply", NULL};
 
     EXC_IF_CURS_CLOSED(self);
+    EXC_IF_NOT_REPLICATING(self, send_replication_feedback);
 
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|KKKi", kwlist,
                                      &write_lsn, &flush_lsn, &apply_lsn, &reply)) {
@@ -1763,6 +1769,7 @@ psyco_curs_flush_replication_feedback(cursorObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObje
     static char *kwlist[] = {"reply", NULL};
 
     EXC_IF_CURS_CLOSED(self);
+    EXC_IF_NOT_REPLICATING(self, flush_replication_feedback);
 
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|i", kwlist,
                                      &reply)) {