Pillow/PIL/ImageFile.py

#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# base class for image file handlers
#
# history:
# 1995-09-09 fl   Created
# 1996-03-11 fl   Fixed load mechanism.
# 1996-04-15 fl   Added pcx/xbm decoders.
# 1996-04-30 fl   Added encoders.
# 1996-12-14 fl   Added load helpers
# 1997-01-11 fl   Use encode_to_file where possible
# 1997-08-27 fl   Flush output in _save
# 1998-03-05 fl   Use memory mapping for some modes
# 1999-02-04 fl   Use memory mapping also for "I;16" and "I;16B"
# 1999-05-31 fl   Added image parser
# 2000-10-12 fl   Set readonly flag on memory-mapped images
# 2002-03-20 fl   Use better messages for common decoder errors
# 2003-04-21 fl   Fall back on mmap/map_buffer if map is not available
# 2003-10-30 fl   Added StubImageFile class
# 2004-02-25 fl   Made incremental parser more robust
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2004 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1995-2004 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#

from . import Image
from ._util import isPath
import io
import os
import sys
import struct

MAXBLOCK = 65536

SAFEBLOCK = 1024*1024

LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False

ERRORS = {
    -1: "image buffer overrun error",
    -2: "decoding error",
    -3: "unknown error",
    -8: "bad configuration",
    -9: "out of memory error"
}


def raise_ioerror(error):
    try:
        message = Image.core.getcodecstatus(error)
    except AttributeError:
        message = ERRORS.get(error)
    if not message:
        message = "decoder error %d" % error
    raise IOError(message + " when reading image file")


#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Helpers

def _tilesort(t):
    # sort on offset
    return t[2]


#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# ImageFile base class

class ImageFile(Image.Image):
    "Base class for image file format handlers."

    def __init__(self, fp=None, filename=None):
        Image.Image.__init__(self)

        self.tile = None
        self.readonly = 1  # until we know better

        self.decoderconfig = ()
        self.decodermaxblock = MAXBLOCK

        if isPath(fp):
            # filename
            self.fp = open(fp, "rb")
            self.filename = fp
            self._exclusive_fp = True
        else:
            # stream
            self.fp = fp
            self.filename = filename
            # can be overridden
            self._exclusive_fp = None

        try:
            self._open()
        except (IndexError,  # end of data
                TypeError,  # end of data (ord)
                KeyError,  # unsupported mode
                EOFError,  # got header but not the first frame
                struct.error) as v:
            # close the file only if we have opened it this constructor
            if self._exclusive_fp:
                self.fp.close()
            raise SyntaxError(v)

        if not self.mode or self.size[0] <= 0:
            raise SyntaxError("not identified by this driver")

    def draft(self, mode, size):
        "Set draft mode"

        pass

    def verify(self):
        "Check file integrity"

        # raise exception if something's wrong.  must be called
        # directly after open, and closes file when finished.
        if self._exclusive_fp:
            self.fp.close()
        self.fp = None

    def load(self):
        "Load image data based on tile list"

        pixel = Image.Image.load(self)

        if self.tile is None:
            raise IOError("cannot load this image")
        if not self.tile:
            return pixel

        self.map = None
        use_mmap = self.filename and len(self.tile) == 1
        # As of pypy 2.1.0, memory mapping was failing here.
        use_mmap = use_mmap and not hasattr(sys, 'pypy_version_info')

        readonly = 0

        # look for read/seek overrides
        try:
            read = self.load_read
            # don't use mmap if there are custom read/seek functions
            use_mmap = False
        except AttributeError:
            read = self.fp.read

        try:
            seek = self.load_seek
            use_mmap = False
        except AttributeError:
            seek = self.fp.seek

        if use_mmap:
            # try memory mapping
            decoder_name, extents, offset, args = self.tile[0]
            if decoder_name == "raw" and len(args) >= 3 and args[0] == self.mode \
               and args[0] in Image._MAPMODES:
                try:
                    if hasattr(Image.core, "map"):
                        # use built-in mapper  WIN32 only
                        self.map = Image.core.map(self.filename)
                        self.map.seek(offset)
                        self.im = self.map.readimage(
                            self.mode, self.size, args[1], args[2]
                            )
                    else:
                        # use mmap, if possible
                        import mmap
                        fp = open(self.filename, "r")
                        size = os.path.getsize(self.filename)
                        self.map = mmap.mmap(fp.fileno(), size, access=mmap.ACCESS_READ)
                        self.im = Image.core.map_buffer(
                            self.map, self.size, decoder_name, extents, offset, args
                            )
                    readonly = 1
                    # After trashing self.im, we might need to reload the palette data.
                    if self.palette:
                        self.palette.dirty = 1
                except (AttributeError, EnvironmentError, ImportError):
                    self.map = None

        self.load_prepare()
        err_code = -3 # initialize to unknown error
        if not self.map:
            # sort tiles in file order
            self.tile.sort(key=_tilesort)

            try:
                # FIXME: This is a hack to handle TIFF's JpegTables tag.
                prefix = self.tile_prefix
            except AttributeError:
                prefix = b""

            for decoder_name, extents, offset, args in self.tile:
                decoder = Image._getdecoder(self.mode, decoder_name,
                                            args, self.decoderconfig)
                seek(int(offset))
                decoder.setimage(self.im, extents)
                if decoder.pulls_fd:
                    decoder.setfd(self.fp)
                    status, err_code = decoder.decode(b"")
                else:
                    b = prefix
                    while True:
                        try:
                            s = read(self.decodermaxblock)
                        except (IndexError, struct.error):  # truncated png/gif
                            if LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES:
                                break
                            else:
                                raise IOError("image file is truncated")

                        if not s:  # truncated jpeg
                            self.tile = []

                            # JpegDecode needs to clean things up here either way
                            # If we don't destroy the decompressor,
                            # we have a memory leak.
                            decoder.cleanup()

                            if LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES:
                                break
                            else:
                                raise IOError("image file is truncated "
                                              "(%d bytes not processed)" % len(b))

                        b = b + s
                        n, err_code = decoder.decode(b)
                        if n < 0:
                            break
                        b = b[n:]

                # Need to cleanup here to prevent leaks in PyPy
                decoder.cleanup()

        self.tile = []
        self.readonly = readonly

        self.load_end()

        if self._exclusive_fp and self._close_exclusive_fp_after_loading:
            self.fp.close()
        self.fp = None

        if not self.map and not LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES and err_code < 0:
            # still raised if decoder fails to return anything
            raise_ioerror(err_code)

        return Image.Image.load(self)

    def load_prepare(self):
        # create image memory if necessary
        if not self.im or\
           self.im.mode != self.mode or self.im.size != self.size:
            self.im = Image.core.new(self.mode, self.size)
        # create palette (optional)
        if self.mode == "P":
            Image.Image.load(self)

    def load_end(self):
        # may be overridden
        pass

    # may be defined for contained formats
    # def load_seek(self, pos):
    #     pass

    # may be defined for blocked formats (e.g. PNG)
    # def load_read(self, bytes):
    #     pass


class StubImageFile(ImageFile):
    """
    Base class for stub image loaders.

    A stub loader is an image loader that can identify files of a
    certain format, but relies on external code to load the file.
    """

    def _open(self):
        raise NotImplementedError(
            "StubImageFile subclass must implement _open"
            )

    def load(self):
        loader = self._load()
        if loader is None:
            raise IOError("cannot find loader for this %s file" % self.format)
        image = loader.load(self)
        assert image is not None
        # become the other object (!)
        self.__class__ = image.__class__
        self.__dict__ = image.__dict__

    def _load(self):
        "(Hook) Find actual image loader."
        raise NotImplementedError(
            "StubImageFile subclass must implement _load"
            )


class Parser(object):
    """
    Incremental image parser.  This class implements the standard
    feed/close consumer interface.
    """
    incremental = None
    image = None
    data = None
    decoder = None
    offset = 0
    finished = 0

    def reset(self):
        """
        (Consumer) Reset the parser.  Note that you can only call this
        method immediately after you've created a parser; parser
        instances cannot be reused.
        """
        assert self.data is None, "cannot reuse parsers"

    def feed(self, data):
        """
        (Consumer) Feed data to the parser.

        :param data: A string buffer.
        :exception IOError: If the parser failed to parse the image file.
        """
        # collect data

        if self.finished:
            return

        if self.data is None:
            self.data = data
        else:
            self.data = self.data + data

        # parse what we have
        if self.decoder:

            if self.offset > 0:
                # skip header
                skip = min(len(self.data), self.offset)
                self.data = self.data[skip:]
                self.offset = self.offset - skip
                if self.offset > 0 or not self.data:
                    return

            n, e = self.decoder.decode(self.data)

            if n < 0:
                # end of stream
                self.data = None
                self.finished = 1
                if e < 0:
                    # decoding error
                    self.image = None
                    raise_ioerror(e)
                else:
                    # end of image
                    return
            self.data = self.data[n:]

        elif self.image:

            # if we end up here with no decoder, this file cannot
            # be incrementally parsed.  wait until we've gotten all
            # available data
            pass

        else:

            # attempt to open this file
            try:
                with io.BytesIO(self.data) as fp:
                    im = Image.open(fp)
            except IOError:
                # traceback.print_exc()
                pass  # not enough data
            else:
                flag = hasattr(im, "load_seek") or hasattr(im, "load_read")
                if flag or len(im.tile) != 1:
                    # custom load code, or multiple tiles
                    self.decode = None
                else:
                    # initialize decoder
                    im.load_prepare()
                    d, e, o, a = im.tile[0]
                    im.tile = []
                    self.decoder = Image._getdecoder(
                        im.mode, d, a, im.decoderconfig
                        )
                    self.decoder.setimage(im.im, e)

                    # calculate decoder offset
                    self.offset = o
                    if self.offset <= len(self.data):
                        self.data = self.data[self.offset:]
                        self.offset = 0

                self.image = im

    def close(self):
        """
        (Consumer) Close the stream.

        :returns: An image object.
        :exception IOError: If the parser failed to parse the image file either
                            because it cannot be identified or cannot be
                            decoded.
        """
        # finish decoding
        if self.decoder:
            # get rid of what's left in the buffers
            self.feed(b"")
            self.data = self.decoder = None
            if not self.finished:
                raise IOError("image was incomplete")
        if not self.image:
            raise IOError("cannot parse this image")
        if self.data:
            # incremental parsing not possible; reopen the file
            # not that we have all data
            with io.BytesIO(self.data) as fp:
                try:
                    self.image = Image.open(fp)
                finally:
                    self.image.load()
        return self.image


# --------------------------------------------------------------------

def _save(im, fp, tile, bufsize=0):
    """Helper to save image based on tile list

    :param im: Image object.
    :param fp: File object.
    :param tile: Tile list.
    :param bufsize: Optional buffer size
    """

    im.load()
    if not hasattr(im, "encoderconfig"):
        im.encoderconfig = ()
    tile.sort(key=_tilesort)
    # FIXME: make MAXBLOCK a configuration parameter
    # It would be great if we could have the encoder specify what it needs
    # But, it would need at least the image size in most cases. RawEncode is
    # a tricky case.
    bufsize = max(MAXBLOCK, bufsize, im.size[0] * 4)  # see RawEncode.c
    if fp == sys.stdout:
        fp.flush()
        return
    try:
        fh = fp.fileno()
        fp.flush()
    except (AttributeError, io.UnsupportedOperation):
        # compress to Python file-compatible object
        for e, b, o, a in tile:
            e = Image._getencoder(im.mode, e, a, im.encoderconfig)
            if o > 0:
                fp.seek(o, 0)
            e.setimage(im.im, b)
            if e.pushes_fd:
                e.setfd(fp)
                l, s = e.encode_to_pyfd()
            else:
                while True:
                    l, s, d = e.encode(bufsize)
                    fp.write(d)
                    if s:
                        break
            if s < 0:
                raise IOError("encoder error %d when writing image file" % s)
            e.cleanup()
    else:
        # slight speedup: compress to real file object
        for e, b, o, a in tile:
            e = Image._getencoder(im.mode, e, a, im.encoderconfig)
            if o > 0:
                fp.seek(o, 0)
            e.setimage(im.im, b)
            if e.pushes_fd:
                e.setfd(fp)
                l, s = e.encode_to_pyfd()
            else:
                s = e.encode_to_file(fh, bufsize)
            if s < 0:
                raise IOError("encoder error %d when writing image file" % s)
            e.cleanup()
    if hasattr(fp, "flush"):
        fp.flush()


def _safe_read(fp, size):
    """
    Reads large blocks in a safe way.  Unlike fp.read(n), this function
    doesn't trust the user.  If the requested size is larger than
    SAFEBLOCK, the file is read block by block.

    :param fp: File handle.  Must implement a <b>read</b> method.
    :param size: Number of bytes to read.
    :returns: A string containing up to <i>size</i> bytes of data.
    """
    if size <= 0:
        return b""
    if size <= SAFEBLOCK:
        return fp.read(size)
    data = []
    while size > 0:
        block = fp.read(min(size, SAFEBLOCK))
        if not block:
            break
        data.append(block)
        size -= len(block)
    return b"".join(data)


class PyCodecState(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.xsize = 0
        self.ysize = 0
        self.xoff = 0
        self.yoff = 0

    def extents(self):
        return (self.xoff, self.yoff,
                self.xoff+self.xsize, self.yoff+self.ysize)


class PyDecoder(object):
    """
    Python implementation of a format decoder. Override this class and
    add the decoding logic in the `decode` method.

    See :ref:`Writing Your Own File Decoder in Python<file-decoders-py>`
    """

    _pulls_fd = False

    def __init__(self, mode, *args):
        self.im = None
        self.state = PyCodecState()
        self.fd = None
        self.mode = mode
        self.init(args)

    def init(self, args):
        """
        Override to perform decoder specific initialization

        :param args: Array of args items from the tile entry
        :returns: None
        """
        self.args = args

    @property
    def pulls_fd(self):
        return self._pulls_fd

    def decode(self, buffer):
        """
        Override to perform the decoding process.

        :param buffer: A bytes object with the data to be decoded.  If `handles_eof`
             is set, then `buffer` will be empty and `self.fd` will be set.
        :returns: A tuple of (bytes consumed, errcode). If finished with decoding
             return <0 for the bytes consumed. Err codes are from `ERRORS`
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def cleanup(self):
        """
        Override to perform decoder specific cleanup

        :returns: None
        """
        pass

    def setfd(self, fd):
        """
        Called from ImageFile to set the python file-like object

        :param fd: A python file-like object
        :returns: None
        """
        self.fd = fd

    def setimage(self, im, extents=None):
        """
        Called from ImageFile to set the core output image for the decoder

        :param im: A core image object
        :param extents: a 4 tuple of (x0, y0, x1, y1) defining the rectangle
            for this tile
        :returns: None
        """

        # following c code
        self.im = im

        if extents:
            (x0, y0, x1, y1) = extents
        else:
            (x0, y0, x1, y1) = (0, 0, 0, 0)

        if x0 == 0 and x1 == 0:
            self.state.xsize, self.state.ysize = self.im.size
        else:
            self.state.xoff = x0
            self.state.yoff = y0
            self.state.xsize = x1 - x0
            self.state.ysize = y1 - y0

        if self.state.xsize <= 0 or self.state.ysize <= 0:
            raise ValueError("Size cannot be negative")

        if (self.state.xsize + self.state.xoff > self.im.size[0] or
           self.state.ysize + self.state.yoff > self.im.size[1]):
            raise ValueError("Tile cannot extend outside image")

    def set_as_raw(self, data, rawmode=None):
        """
        Convenience method to set the internal image from a stream of raw data

        :param data: Bytes to be set
        :param rawmode: The rawmode to be used for the decoder. If not specified,
             it will default to the mode of the image
        :returns: None
        """

        if not rawmode:
            rawmode = self.mode
        d = Image._getdecoder(self.mode, 'raw', (rawmode))
        d.setimage(self.im, self.state.extents())
        s = d.decode(data)

        if s[0] >= 0:
            raise ValueError("not enough image data")
        if s[1] != 0:
            raise ValueError("cannot decode image data")