Pillow/PIL/GifImagePlugin.py

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#
# The Python Imaging Library.
# $Id$
#
# GIF file handling
#
# History:
# 1995-09-01 fl Created
# 1996-12-14 fl Added interlace support
# 1996-12-30 fl Added animation support
# 1997-01-05 fl Added write support, fixed local colour map bug
# 1997-02-23 fl Make sure to load raster data in getdata()
# 1997-07-05 fl Support external decoder (0.4)
# 1998-07-09 fl Handle all modes when saving (0.5)
# 1998-07-15 fl Renamed offset attribute to avoid name clash
# 2001-04-16 fl Added rewind support (seek to frame 0) (0.6)
# 2001-04-17 fl Added palette optimization (0.7)
# 2002-06-06 fl Added transparency support for save (0.8)
# 2004-02-24 fl Disable interlacing for small images
#
# Copyright (c) 1997-2004 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1995-2004 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from PIL import Image, ImageFile, ImagePalette, \
ImageChops, ImageSequence, _binary
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__version__ = "0.9"
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Helpers
i8 = _binary.i8
i16 = _binary.i16le
o8 = _binary.o8
o16 = _binary.o16le
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Identify/read GIF files
def _accept(prefix):
return prefix[:6] in [b"GIF87a", b"GIF89a"]
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##
# Image plugin for GIF images. This plugin supports both GIF87 and
# GIF89 images.
class GifImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
format = "GIF"
format_description = "Compuserve GIF"
global_palette = None
def data(self):
s = self.fp.read(1)
if s and i8(s):
return self.fp.read(i8(s))
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return None
def _open(self):
# Screen
s = self.fp.read(13)
if s[:6] not in [b"GIF87a", b"GIF89a"]:
raise SyntaxError("not a GIF file")
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self.info["version"] = s[:6]
self.size = i16(s[6:]), i16(s[8:])
self.tile = []
flags = i8(s[10])
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bits = (flags & 7) + 1
if flags & 128:
# get global palette
self.info["background"] = i8(s[11])
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# check if palette contains colour indices
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p = self.fp.read(3 << bits)
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for i in range(0, len(p), 3):
if not (i//3 == i8(p[i]) == i8(p[i+1]) == i8(p[i+2])):
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p = ImagePalette.raw("RGB", p)
self.global_palette = self.palette = p
break
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self.__fp = self.fp # FIXME: hack
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self.__rewind = self.fp.tell()
self._n_frames = None
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self._is_animated = None
self._seek(0) # get ready to read first frame
@property
def n_frames(self):
if self._n_frames is None:
current = self.tell()
try:
while True:
self.seek(self.tell() + 1)
except EOFError:
self._n_frames = self.tell() + 1
self.seek(current)
return self._n_frames
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@property
def is_animated(self):
if self._is_animated is None:
current = self.tell()
try:
self.seek(1)
self._is_animated = True
except EOFError:
self._is_animated = False
self.seek(current)
return self._is_animated
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def seek(self, frame):
if frame == self.__frame:
return
if frame < self.__frame:
self._seek(0)
last_frame = self.__frame
for f in range(self.__frame + 1, frame + 1):
try:
self._seek(f)
except EOFError:
self.seek(last_frame)
raise EOFError("no more images in GIF file")
def _seek(self, frame):
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if frame == 0:
# rewind
self.__offset = 0
self.dispose = None
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self.dispose_extent = [0, 0, 0, 0] # x0, y0, x1, y1
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self.__frame = -1
self.__fp.seek(self.__rewind)
self._prev_im = None
self.disposal_method = 0
else:
# ensure that the previous frame was loaded
if not self.im:
self.load()
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if frame != self.__frame + 1:
raise ValueError("cannot seek to frame %d" % frame)
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self.__frame = frame
self.tile = []
self.fp = self.__fp
if self.__offset:
# backup to last frame
self.fp.seek(self.__offset)
while self.data():
pass
self.__offset = 0
if self.dispose:
self.im.paste(self.dispose, self.dispose_extent)
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from copy import copy
self.palette = copy(self.global_palette)
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while True:
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s = self.fp.read(1)
if not s or s == b";":
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break
elif s == b"!":
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#
# extensions
#
s = self.fp.read(1)
block = self.data()
if i8(s) == 249:
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#
# graphic control extension
#
flags = i8(block[0])
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if flags & 1:
self.info["transparency"] = i8(block[3])
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self.info["duration"] = i16(block[1:3]) * 10
# disposal method - find the value of bits 4 - 6
dispose_bits = 0b00011100 & flags
dispose_bits = dispose_bits >> 2
if dispose_bits:
# only set the dispose if it is not
# unspecified. I'm not sure if this is
# correct, but it seems to prevent the last
# frame from looking odd for some animations
self.disposal_method = dispose_bits
elif i8(s) == 254:
#
# comment extension
#
self.info["comment"] = block
elif i8(s) == 255:
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#
# application extension
#
self.info["extension"] = block, self.fp.tell()
if block[:11] == b"NETSCAPE2.0":
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block = self.data()
if len(block) >= 3 and i8(block[0]) == 1:
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self.info["loop"] = i16(block[1:3])
while self.data():
pass
elif s == b",":
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#
# local image
#
s = self.fp.read(9)
# extent
x0, y0 = i16(s[0:]), i16(s[2:])
x1, y1 = x0 + i16(s[4:]), y0 + i16(s[6:])
self.dispose_extent = x0, y0, x1, y1
flags = i8(s[8])
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interlace = (flags & 64) != 0
if flags & 128:
bits = (flags & 7) + 1
self.palette =\
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ImagePalette.raw("RGB", self.fp.read(3 << bits))
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# image data
bits = i8(self.fp.read(1))
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self.__offset = self.fp.tell()
self.tile = [("gif",
(x0, y0, x1, y1),
self.__offset,
(bits, interlace))]
break
else:
pass
# raise IOError, "illegal GIF tag `%x`" % i8(s)
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try:
if self.disposal_method < 2:
# do not dispose or none specified
self.dispose = None
elif self.disposal_method == 2:
# replace with background colour
self.dispose = Image.core.fill("P", self.size,
self.info["background"])
else:
# replace with previous contents
if self.im:
self.dispose = self.im.copy()
# only dispose the extent in this frame
if self.dispose:
self.dispose = self.dispose.crop(self.dispose_extent)
except (AttributeError, KeyError):
pass
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if not self.tile:
# self.__fp = None
raise EOFError
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self.mode = "L"
if self.palette:
self.mode = "P"
def tell(self):
return self.__frame
def load_end(self):
ImageFile.ImageFile.load_end(self)
# if the disposal method is 'do not dispose', transparent
# pixels should show the content of the previous frame
if self._prev_im and self.disposal_method == 1:
# we do this by pasting the updated area onto the previous
# frame which we then use as the current image content
updated = self.im.crop(self.dispose_extent)
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self._prev_im.paste(updated, self.dispose_extent,
updated.convert('RGBA'))
self.im = self._prev_im
self._prev_im = self.im.copy()
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Write GIF files
try:
import _imaging_gif
except ImportError:
_imaging_gif = None
RAWMODE = {
"1": "L",
"L": "L",
"P": "P",
}
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def _convert_mode(im, initial_call=False):
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# convert on the fly (EXPERIMENTAL -- I'm not sure PIL
# should automatically convert images on save...)
if Image.getmodebase(im.mode) == "RGB":
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if initial_call:
palette_size = 256
if im.palette:
palette_size = len(im.palette.getdata()[1]) // 3
return im.convert("P", palette=1, colors=palette_size)
else:
return im.convert("P")
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return im.convert("L")
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def _save_all(im, fp, filename):
_save(im, fp, filename, save_all=True)
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def _save(im, fp, filename, save_all=False):
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im.encoderinfo.update(im.info)
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if _imaging_gif:
# call external driver
try:
_imaging_gif.save(im, fp, filename)
return
except IOError:
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pass # write uncompressed file
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if im.mode in RAWMODE:
im_out = im.copy()
else:
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im_out = _convert_mode(im, True)
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# header
try:
palette = im.encoderinfo["palette"]
except KeyError:
palette = None
im.encoderinfo["optimize"] = im.encoderinfo.get("optimize", True)
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if save_all:
previous = None
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first_frame = None
append_images = im.encoderinfo.get("append_images", [])
for imSequence in [im]+append_images:
for im_frame in ImageSequence.Iterator(imSequence):
encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo.copy()
im_frame = _convert_mode(im_frame)
# To specify duration, add the time in milliseconds to getdata(),
# e.g. getdata(im_frame, duration=1000)
if not previous:
# global header
first_frame = getheader(im_frame, palette, encoderinfo)[0]
first_frame += getdata(im_frame, (0, 0), **encoderinfo)
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else:
if first_frame:
for s in first_frame:
fp.write(s)
first_frame = None
# delta frame
delta = ImageChops.subtract_modulo(im_frame, previous.copy())
bbox = delta.getbbox()
if bbox:
# compress difference
encoderinfo['include_color_table'] = True
for s in getdata(im_frame.crop(bbox),
bbox[:2], **encoderinfo):
fp.write(s)
else:
# FIXME: what should we do in this case?
pass
previous = im_frame
if first_frame:
save_all = False
if not save_all:
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header = getheader(im_out, palette, im.encoderinfo)[0]
for s in header:
fp.write(s)
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flags = 0
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if get_interlace(im):
flags = flags | 64
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# local image header
_get_local_header(fp, im, (0, 0), flags)
im_out.encoderconfig = (8, get_interlace(im))
ImageFile._save(im_out, fp, [("gif", (0, 0)+im.size, 0,
RAWMODE[im_out.mode])])
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fp.write(b"\0") # end of image data
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fp.write(b";") # end of file
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if hasattr(fp, "flush"):
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fp.flush()
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def get_interlace(im):
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try:
interlace = im.encoderinfo["interlace"]
except KeyError:
interlace = 1
# workaround for @PIL153
if min(im.size) < 16:
interlace = 0
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return interlace
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def _get_local_header(fp, im, offset, flags):
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transparent_color_exists = False
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try:
transparency = im.encoderinfo["transparency"]
except KeyError:
pass
else:
transparency = int(transparency)
# optimize the block away if transparent color is not used
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transparent_color_exists = True
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if _get_optimize(im, im.encoderinfo):
used_palette_colors = _get_used_palette_colors(im)
# adjust the transparency index after optimize
if len(used_palette_colors) < 256:
for i in range(len(used_palette_colors)):
if used_palette_colors[i] == transparency:
transparency = i
transparent_color_exists = True
break
else:
transparent_color_exists = False
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if "duration" in im.encoderinfo:
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duration = int(im.encoderinfo["duration"] / 10)
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else:
duration = 0
if transparent_color_exists or duration != 0:
transparency_flag = 1 if transparent_color_exists else 0
if not transparent_color_exists:
transparency = 0
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fp.write(b"!" +
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o8(249) + # extension intro
o8(4) + # length
o8(transparency_flag) + # packed fields
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o16(duration) + # duration
o8(transparency) + # transparency index
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o8(0))
if "comment" in im.encoderinfo and 1 <= len(im.encoderinfo["comment"]) <= 255:
fp.write(b"!" +
o8(254) + # extension intro
o8(len(im.encoderinfo["comment"])) +
im.encoderinfo["comment"] +
o8(0))
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if "loop" in im.encoderinfo:
number_of_loops = im.encoderinfo["loop"]
fp.write(b"!" +
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o8(255) + # extension intro
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o8(11) +
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b"NETSCAPE2.0" +
o8(3) +
o8(1) +
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o16(number_of_loops) + # number of loops
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o8(0))
include_color_table = im.encoderinfo.get('include_color_table')
if include_color_table:
try:
palette = im.encoderinfo["palette"]
except KeyError:
palette = None
palette_bytes = _get_palette_bytes(im, palette, im.encoderinfo)[0]
color_table_size = _get_color_table_size(palette_bytes)
if color_table_size:
flags = flags | 128 # local color table flag
flags = flags | color_table_size
fp.write(b"," +
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o16(offset[0]) + # offset
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o16(offset[1]) +
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o16(im.size[0]) + # size
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o16(im.size[1]) +
o8(flags)) # flags
if include_color_table and color_table_size:
fp.write(_get_header_palette(palette_bytes))
fp.write(o8(8)) # bits
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def _save_netpbm(im, fp, filename):
#
# If you need real GIF compression and/or RGB quantization, you
# can use the external NETPBM/PBMPLUS utilities. See comments
# below for information on how to enable this.
import os
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from subprocess import Popen, check_call, PIPE, CalledProcessError
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import tempfile
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file = im._dump()
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if im.mode != "RGB":
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
stderr = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
check_call(["ppmtogif", file], stdout=f, stderr=stderr)
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else:
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
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# Pipe ppmquant output into ppmtogif
# "ppmquant 256 %s | ppmtogif > %s" % (file, filename)
quant_cmd = ["ppmquant", "256", file]
togif_cmd = ["ppmtogif"]
stderr = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
quant_proc = Popen(quant_cmd, stdout=PIPE, stderr=stderr)
stderr = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
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togif_proc = Popen(togif_cmd, stdin=quant_proc.stdout, stdout=f,
stderr=stderr)
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# Allow ppmquant to receive SIGPIPE if ppmtogif exits
quant_proc.stdout.close()
retcode = quant_proc.wait()
if retcode:
raise CalledProcessError(retcode, quant_cmd)
retcode = togif_proc.wait()
if retcode:
raise CalledProcessError(retcode, togif_cmd)
try:
os.unlink(file)
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except OSError:
pass
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# GIF utilities
def _get_optimize(im, info):
return im.mode in ("P", "L") and info and info.get("optimize", 0)
def _get_used_palette_colors(im):
used_palette_colors = []
# check which colors are used
i = 0
for count in im.histogram():
if count:
used_palette_colors.append(i)
i += 1
return used_palette_colors
def _get_color_table_size(palette_bytes):
# calculate the palette size for the header
import math
color_table_size = int(math.ceil(math.log(len(palette_bytes)//3, 2)))-1
if color_table_size < 0:
color_table_size = 0
return color_table_size
def _get_header_palette(palette_bytes):
color_table_size = _get_color_table_size(palette_bytes)
# add the missing amount of bytes
# the palette has to be 2<<n in size
actual_target_size_diff = (2 << color_table_size) - len(palette_bytes)//3
if actual_target_size_diff > 0:
palette_bytes += o8(0) * 3 * actual_target_size_diff
return palette_bytes
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# Force optimization so that we can test performance against
# cases where it took lots of memory and time previously.
_FORCE_OPTIMIZE = False
def _get_palette_bytes(im, palette, info):
if im.mode == "P":
if palette and isinstance(palette, bytes):
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source_palette = palette[:768]
else:
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source_palette = im.im.getpalette("RGB")[:768]
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else: # L-mode
if palette and isinstance(palette, bytes):
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source_palette = palette[:768]
else:
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source_palette = bytearray([i//3 for i in range(768)])
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used_palette_colors = palette_bytes = None
if _get_optimize(im, info):
used_palette_colors = _get_used_palette_colors(im)
# Potentially expensive operation.
# The palette saves 3 bytes per color not used, but palette
# lengths are restricted to 3*(2**N) bytes. Max saving would
# be 768 -> 6 bytes if we went all the way down to 2 colors.
# * If we're over 128 colors, we can't save any space.
# * If there aren't any holes, it's not worth collapsing.
# * If we have a 'large' image, the palette is in the noise.
# create the new palette if not every color is used
if _FORCE_OPTIMIZE or im.mode == 'L' or \
(len(used_palette_colors) <= 128 and
max(used_palette_colors) > len(used_palette_colors) and
im.width * im.height < 512 * 512):
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palette_bytes = b""
new_positions = [0]*256
# pick only the used colors from the palette
for i, oldPosition in enumerate(used_palette_colors):
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palette_bytes += source_palette[oldPosition*3:oldPosition*3+3]
new_positions[oldPosition] = i
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# replace the palette color id of all pixel with the new id
# Palette images are [0..255], mapped through a 1 or 3
# byte/color map. We need to remap the whole image
# from palette 1 to palette 2. New_positions is
# an array of indexes into palette 1. Palette 2 is
# palette 1 with any holes removed.
# We're going to leverage the convert mechanism to use the
# C code to remap the image from palette 1 to palette 2,
# by forcing the source image into 'L' mode and adding a
# mapping 'L' mode palette, then converting back to 'L'
# sans palette thus converting the image bytes, then
# assigning the optimized RGB palette.
# perf reference, 9500x4000 gif, w/~135 colors
# 14 sec prepatch, 1 sec postpatch with optimization forced.
mapping_palette = bytearray(new_positions)
m_im = im.copy()
m_im.mode = 'P'
m_im.palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette("RGB",
palette=mapping_palette*3,
size=768)
#possibly set palette dirty, then
#m_im.putpalette(mapping_palette, 'L') # converts to 'P'
# or just force it.
# UNDONE -- this is part of the general issue with palettes
m_im.im.putpalette(*m_im.palette.getdata())
m_im = m_im.convert('L')
# Internally, we require 768 bytes for a palette.
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new_palette_bytes = (palette_bytes +
(768 - len(palette_bytes)) * b'\x00')
m_im.putpalette(new_palette_bytes)
m_im.palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette("RGB",
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palette=palette_bytes,
size=len(palette_bytes))
# oh gawd, this is modifying the image in place so I can pass by ref.
# REFACTOR SOONEST
im.frombytes(m_im.tobytes())
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if not palette_bytes:
palette_bytes = source_palette
# returning palette, _not_ padded to 768 bytes like our internal ones.
return palette_bytes, used_palette_colors
def getheader(im, palette=None, info=None):
"""Return a list of strings representing a GIF header"""
# Header Block
# http://www.matthewflickinger.com/lab/whatsinagif/bits_and_bytes.asp
version = b"87a"
for extensionKey in ["transparency", "duration", "loop", "comment"]:
if info and extensionKey in info:
if ((extensionKey == "duration" and info[extensionKey] == 0) or
(extensionKey == "comment" and not (1 <= len(info[extensionKey]) <= 255))):
continue
version = b"89a"
break
else:
if im.info.get("version") == "89a":
version = b"89a"
header = [
b"GIF"+version + # signature + version
o16(im.size[0]) + # canvas width
o16(im.size[1]) # canvas height
]
palette_bytes, used_palette_colors = _get_palette_bytes(im, palette, info)
# Logical Screen Descriptor
color_table_size = _get_color_table_size(palette_bytes)
# size of global color table + global color table flag
header.append(o8(color_table_size + 128)) # packed fields
# background + reserved/aspect
if info and "background" in info:
background = info["background"]
elif "background" in im.info:
# This elif is redundant within GifImagePlugin
# since im.info parameters are bundled into the info dictionary
# However, external scripts may call getheader directly
# So this maintains earlier behaviour
background = im.info["background"]
else:
background = 0
header.append(o8(background) + o8(0))
# end of Logical Screen Descriptor
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# Header + Logical Screen Descriptor + Global Color Table
header.append(_get_header_palette(palette_bytes))
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return header, used_palette_colors
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def getdata(im, offset=(0, 0), **params):
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"""Return a list of strings representing this image.
The first string is a local image header, the rest contains
encoded image data."""
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class Collector(object):
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data = []
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def write(self, data):
self.data.append(data)
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im.load() # make sure raster data is available
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fp = Collector()
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try:
im.encoderinfo = params
# local image header
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_get_local_header(fp, im, offset, 0)
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ImageFile._save(im, fp, [("gif", (0, 0)+im.size, 0, RAWMODE[im.mode])])
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fp.write(b"\0") # end of image data
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finally:
del im.encoderinfo
return fp.data
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry
Image.register_open(GifImageFile.format, GifImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(GifImageFile.format, _save)
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Image.register_save_all(GifImageFile.format, _save_all)
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Image.register_extension(GifImageFile.format, ".gif")
Image.register_mime(GifImageFile.format, "image/gif")
#
# Uncomment the following line if you wish to use NETPBM/PBMPLUS
# instead of the built-in "uncompressed" GIF encoder
# Image.register_save(GifImageFile.format, _save_netpbm)