Merge branch 'main' into progress

.ci/install.sh

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
     sudo apt-get -qq install libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev libtiff-dev python3-tk\
                              ghostscript libjpeg-turbo8-dev libopenjp2-7-dev\
                              cmake meson imagemagick libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev\
-                             sway wl-clipboard libopenblas-dev
+                             sway wl-clipboard libopenblas-dev nasm
 fi
 
 python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ python3 -m pip install -U pytest
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest-cov
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest-timeout
 python3 -m pip install pyroma
+# optional test dependency, only install if there's a binary package.
+# fails on beta 3.14 and PyPy
+python3 -m pip install --only-binary=:all: pyarrow || true
 
 if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
     python3 -m pip install numpy
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
     # Pyroma uses non-isolated build and fails with old setuptools
     if [[ $GHA_PYTHON_VERSION == 3.9 ]]; then
         # To match pyproject.toml
-        python3 -m pip install "setuptools>=67.8"
+        python3 -m pip install "setuptools>=77"
     fi
 
     # webp
@@ -62,6 +65,9 @@ if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
     # raqm
     pushd depends && ./install_raqm.sh && popd
 
+    # libavif
+    pushd depends && CMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5 ./install_libavif.sh && popd
+
     # extra test images
     pushd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && popd
 else

.ci/requirements-cibw.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-cibuildwheel==2.23.1
+cibuildwheel==2.23.2

.clang-format

@@ -1,5 +1,26 @@
 # A clang-format style that approximates Python's PEP 7
 # Useful for IDE integration
+Language: C
+BasedOnStyle: Google
+AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: All
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
+AlignAfterOpenBracket: BlockIndent
+BinPackArguments: false
+BinPackParameters: false
+BreakBeforeBraces: Attach
+ColumnLimit: 88
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
+IndentGotoLabels: false
+IndentWidth: 4
+PointerAlignment: Right
+ReflowComments: true
+SortIncludes: false
+SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
+SpacesInParentheses: false
+TabWidth: 4
+UseTab: Never
+---
+Language: Cpp
 BasedOnStyle: Google
 AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: All
 AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
@@ -11,7 +32,6 @@ ColumnLimit: 88
 DerivePointerAlignment: false
 IndentGotoLabels: false
 IndentWidth: 4
-Language: Cpp
 PointerAlignment: Right
 ReflowComments: true
 SortIncludes: false

.github/workflows/macos-install.sh

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ if [[ "$ImageOS" == "macos13" ]]; then
     brew uninstall gradle maven
 fi
 brew install \
+    aom \
+    dav1d \
     freetype \
     ghostscript \
     jpeg-turbo \
@@ -14,6 +16,8 @@ brew install \
     libtiff \
     little-cms2 \
     openjpeg \
+    rav1e \
+    svt-av1 \
     webp
 export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openblas/lib/pkgconfig"
 
@@ -26,6 +30,12 @@ python3 -m pip install -U pytest-cov
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest-timeout
 python3 -m pip install pyroma
 python3 -m pip install numpy
+# optional test dependency, only install if there's a binary package.
+# fails on beta 3.14 and PyPy
+python3 -m pip install --only-binary=:all: pyarrow || true
+
+# libavif
+pushd depends && ./install_libavif.sh && popd
 
 # extra test images
 pushd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && popd

.github/workflows/test-docker.yml

@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ jobs:
           centos-stream-10-amd64,
           debian-12-bookworm-x86,
           debian-12-bookworm-amd64,
-          fedora-40-amd64,
           fedora-41-amd64,
+          fedora-42-amd64,
           gentoo,
           ubuntu-22.04-jammy-amd64,
           ubuntu-24.04-noble-amd64,

.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ jobs:
               mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-ghostscript \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-lcms2 \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-libavif \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libimagequant \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libjpeg-turbo \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libraqm \

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
             # Test the oldest Python on 32-bit
             - { python-version: "3.9", architecture: "x86", os: "windows-2019" }
 
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 45
 
     name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} (${{ matrix.architecture }})
 
@@ -88,6 +88,10 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         python3 -m pip install PyQt6
 
+    - name: Install PyArrow dependency
+      run: |
+        python3 -m pip install --only-binary=:all: pyarrow || true
+
     - name: Install dependencies
       id: install
       run: |
@@ -145,6 +149,10 @@ jobs:
       if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
       run: "& winbuild\\build\\build_dep_libpng.cmd"
 
+    - name: Build dependencies / libavif
+      if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' && matrix.architecture == 'x64'
+      run: "& winbuild\\build\\build_dep_libavif.cmd"
+
     # for FreeType WOFF2 font support
     - name: Build dependencies / brotli
       if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
         persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: Quansight-Labs/setup-python@v5
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         allow-prereleases: true

.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ else
     MB_ML_LIBC=${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}
     MB_ML_VER=${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY:9}
 fi
-PLAT=$CIBW_ARCHS
+PLAT="${CIBW_ARCHS:-$AUDITWHEEL_ARCH}"
 
 # Define custom utilities
 source wheels/multibuild/common_utils.sh
@@ -38,13 +38,14 @@ ARCHIVE_SDIR=pillow-depends-main
 
 # Package versions for fresh source builds
 FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.3
-HARFBUZZ_VERSION=10.4.0
+HARFBUZZ_VERSION=11.1.0
 LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.47
 JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.1.0
 OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.3
-XZ_VERSION=5.6.4
+XZ_VERSION=5.8.1
 TIFF_VERSION=4.7.0
 LCMS2_VERSION=2.17
+ZLIB_VERSION=1.3.1
 ZLIB_NG_VERSION=2.2.4
 LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.5.0
 BZIP2_VERSION=1.0.8
@@ -64,11 +65,7 @@ function build_pkg_config {
 
 function build_zlib_ng {
     if [ -e zlib-stamp ]; then return; fi
-    fetch_unpack https://github.com/zlib-ng/zlib-ng/archive/$ZLIB_NG_VERSION.tar.gz zlib-ng-$ZLIB_NG_VERSION.tar.gz
-    (cd zlib-ng-$ZLIB_NG_VERSION \
-        && ./configure --prefix=$BUILD_PREFIX --zlib-compat \
-        && make -j4 \
-        && make install)
+    build_github zlib-ng/zlib-ng $ZLIB_NG_VERSION --zlib-compat
 
     if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
         # Ensure that on macOS, the library name is an absolute path, not an
@@ -95,7 +92,7 @@ function build_harfbuzz {
 
     local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/releases/download/$HARFBUZZ_VERSION/harfbuzz-$HARFBUZZ_VERSION.tar.xz harfbuzz-$HARFBUZZ_VERSION.tar.xz)
     (cd $out_dir \
-        && meson setup build --prefix=$BUILD_PREFIX --libdir=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib --buildtype=release -Dfreetype=enabled -Dglib=disabled)
+        && meson setup build --prefix=$BUILD_PREFIX --libdir=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib --buildtype=minsize -Dfreetype=enabled -Dglib=disabled -Dtests=disabled)
     (cd $out_dir/build \
         && meson install)
     touch harfbuzz-stamp
@@ -106,7 +103,11 @@ function build {
     if [ -z "$IS_ALPINE" ] && [ -z "$SANITIZER" ] && [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
         yum remove -y zlib-devel
     fi
+    if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]] && [[ "$MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET" == "10.10" || "$MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET" == "10.13" ]]; then
+        build_new_zlib
+    else
         build_zlib_ng
+    fi
 
     build_simple xcb-proto 1.17.0 https://xorg.freedesktop.org/archive/individual/proto
     if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then

.github/workflows/wheels.yml

@@ -121,14 +121,17 @@ jobs:
   windows:
     if: github.event_name != 'schedule' || github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow'
     name: Windows ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
-    runs-on: windows-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
           - cibw_arch: x86
+            os: windows-latest
           - cibw_arch: AMD64
+            os: windows-latest
           - cibw_arch: ARM64
+            os: windows-11-arm
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -157,7 +160,7 @@ jobs:
           # Install extra test images
           xcopy /S /Y Tests\test-images\* Tests\images
 
-          & python.exe winbuild\build_prepare.py -v --no-imagequant --architecture=${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
+          & python.exe winbuild\build_prepare.py -v --no-imagequant --no-avif --architecture=${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
         shell: pwsh
 
       - name: Build wheels
@@ -240,7 +243,7 @@ jobs:
           path: dist
           merge-multiple: true
       - name: Upload wheels to scientific-python-nightly-wheels
-        uses: scientific-python/upload-nightly-action@82396a2ed4269ba06c6b2988bb4fd568ef3c3d6b # 0.6.1
+        uses: scientific-python/upload-nightly-action@b36e8c0c10dbcfd2e05bf95f17ef8c14fd708dbf # 0.6.2
         with:
           artifacts_path: dist
           anaconda_nightly_upload_token: ${{ secrets.ANACONDA_ORG_UPLOAD_TOKEN }}

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.9.9
+    rev: v0.11.4
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ repos:
         exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.gd$|\.opt$)
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: v19.1.7
+    rev: v20.1.0
     hooks:
       - id: clang-format
         types: [c]
@@ -44,20 +44,21 @@ repos:
       - id: check-json
       - id: check-toml
       - id: check-yaml
+        args: [--allow-multiple-documents]
       - id: end-of-file-fixer
         exclude: ^Tests/images/
       - id: trailing-whitespace
         exclude: ^.github/.*TEMPLATE|^Tests/(fonts|images)/
 
   - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-    rev: 0.31.2
+    rev: 0.32.1
     hooks:
       - id: check-github-workflows
       - id: check-readthedocs
       - id: check-renovate
 
   - repo: https://github.com/woodruffw/zizmor-pre-commit
-    rev: v1.4.1
+    rev: v1.5.2
     hooks:
       - id: zizmor
 
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ repos:
       - id: pyproject-fmt
 
   - repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
-    rev: v0.23
+    rev: v0.24.1
     hooks:
       - id: validate-pyproject
         additional_dependencies: [trove-classifiers>=2024.10.12]

Makefile

@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ doc html:
 htmlview:
 	$(MAKE) -C docs htmlview
 
+.PHONY: htmllive
+htmllive:
+	$(MAKE) -C docs htmllive
+
 .PHONY: doccheck
 doccheck:
 	$(MAKE) doc
@@ -43,6 +47,7 @@ help:
 	@echo "  docserve           run an HTTP server on the docs directory"
 	@echo "  html               make HTML docs"
 	@echo "  htmlview           open the index page built by the html target in your browser"
+	@echo "  htmllive           rebuild and reload HTML files in your browser"
 	@echo "  install            make and install"
 	@echo "  install-coverage   make and install with C coverage"
 	@echo "  lint               run the lint checks"

Tests/check_wheel.py

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import platform
 import sys
 
 from PIL import features
 
+from .helper import is_pypy
+
 
 def test_wheel_modules() -> None:
     expected_modules = {"pil", "tkinter", "freetype2", "littlecms2", "webp"}
@@ -40,5 +43,7 @@ def test_wheel_features() -> None:
 
     if sys.platform == "win32":
         expected_features.remove("xcb")
+    elif sys.platform == "darwin" and not is_pypy() and platform.processor() != "arm":
+        expected_features.remove("zlib_ng")
 
     assert set(features.get_supported_features()) == expected_features

Tests/images/full_gimp_palette.gpl

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+GIMP Palette
+Name: fullpalette
+Columns: 4
+#
+  0   0   0     Index 0
+  1   1   1     Index 1
+  2   2   2     Index 2
+  3   3   3     Index 3
+  4   4   4     Index 4
+  5   5   5     Index 5
+  6   6   6     Index 6
+  7   7   7     Index 7
+  8   8   8     Index 8
+  9   9   9     Index 9
+ 10  10  10     Index 10
+ 11  11  11     Index 11
+ 12  12  12     Index 12
+ 13  13  13     Index 13
+ 14  14  14     Index 14
+ 15  15  15     Index 15
+ 16  16  16     Index 16
+ 17  17  17     Index 17
+ 18  18  18     Index 18
+ 19  19  19     Index 19
+ 20  20  20     Index 20
+ 21  21  21     Index 21
+ 22  22  22     Index 22
+ 23  23  23     Index 23
+ 24  24  24     Index 24
+ 25  25  25     Index 25
+ 26  26  26     Index 26
+ 27  27  27     Index 27
+ 28  28  28     Index 28
+ 29  29  29     Index 29
+ 30  30  30     Index 30
+ 31  31  31     Index 31
+ 32  32  32     Index 32
+ 33  33  33     Index 33
+ 34  34  34     Index 34
+ 35  35  35     Index 35
+ 36  36  36     Index 36
+ 37  37  37     Index 37
+ 38  38  38     Index 38
+ 39  39  39     Index 39
+ 40  40  40     Index 40
+ 41  41  41     Index 41
+ 42  42  42     Index 42
+ 43  43  43     Index 43
+ 44  44  44     Index 44
+ 45  45  45     Index 45
+ 46  46  46     Index 46
+ 47  47  47     Index 47
+ 48  48  48     Index 48
+ 49  49  49     Index 49
+ 50  50  50     Index 50
+ 51  51  51     Index 51
+ 52  52  52     Index 52
+ 53  53  53     Index 53
+ 54  54  54     Index 54
+ 55  55  55     Index 55
+ 56  56  56     Index 56
+ 57  57  57     Index 57
+ 58  58  58     Index 58
+ 59  59  59     Index 59
+ 60  60  60     Index 60
+ 61  61  61     Index 61
+ 62  62  62     Index 62
+ 63  63  63     Index 63
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+ 78  78  78     Index 78
+ 79  79  79     Index 79
+ 80  80  80     Index 80
+ 81  81  81     Index 81
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+ 83  83  83     Index 83
+ 84  84  84     Index 84
+ 85  85  85     Index 85
+ 86  86  86     Index 86
+ 87  87  87     Index 87
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+ 89  89  89     Index 89
+ 90  90  90     Index 90
+ 91  91  91     Index 91
+ 92  92  92     Index 92
+ 93  93  93     Index 93
+ 94  94  94     Index 94
+ 95  95  95     Index 95
+ 96  96  96     Index 96
+ 97  97  97     Index 97
+ 98  98  98     Index 98
+ 99  99  99     Index 99
+100 100 100     Index 100
+101 101 101     Index 101
+102 102 102     Index 102
+103 103 103     Index 103
+104 104 104     Index 104
+105 105 105     Index 105
+106 106 106     Index 106
+107 107 107     Index 107
+108 108 108     Index 108
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+110 110 110     Index 110
+111 111 111     Index 111
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+113 113 113     Index 113
+114 114 114     Index 114
+115 115 115     Index 115
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+117 117 117     Index 117
+118 118 118     Index 118
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+120 120 120     Index 120
+121 121 121     Index 121
+122 122 122     Index 122
+123 123 123     Index 123
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+125 125 125     Index 125
+126 126 126     Index 126
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+129 129 129     Index 129
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+131 131 131     Index 131
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Tests/test_arrow.py

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from PIL import Image
+
+from .helper import hopper
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "mode, dest_modes",
+    (
+        ("L", ["I", "F", "LA", "RGB", "RGBA", "RGBX", "CMYK", "YCbCr", "HSV"]),
+        ("I", ["L", "F"]),  # Technically I;32 can work for any 4x8bit storage.
+        ("F", ["I", "L", "LA", "RGB", "RGBA", "RGBX", "CMYK", "YCbCr", "HSV"]),
+        ("LA", ["L", "F"]),
+        ("RGB", ["L", "F"]),
+        ("RGBA", ["L", "F"]),
+        ("RGBX", ["L", "F"]),
+        ("CMYK", ["L", "F"]),
+        ("YCbCr", ["L", "F"]),
+        ("HSV", ["L", "F"]),
+    ),
+)
+def test_invalid_array_type(mode: str, dest_modes: list[str]) -> None:
+    img = hopper(mode)
+    for dest_mode in dest_modes:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            Image.fromarrow(img, dest_mode, img.size)
+
+
+def test_invalid_array_size() -> None:
+    img = hopper("RGB")
+
+    assert img.size != (10, 10)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        Image.fromarrow(img, "RGB", (10, 10))
+
+
+def test_release_schema() -> None:
+    # these should not error out, valgrind should be clean
+    img = hopper("L")
+    schema = img.__arrow_c_schema__()
+    del schema
+
+
+def test_release_array() -> None:
+    # these should not error out, valgrind should be clean
+    img = hopper("L")
+    array, schema = img.__arrow_c_array__()
+    del array
+    del schema
+
+
+def test_readonly() -> None:
+    img = hopper("L")
+    reloaded = Image.fromarrow(img, img.mode, img.size)
+    assert reloaded.readonly == 1
+    reloaded._readonly = 0
+    assert reloaded.readonly == 1
+
+
+def test_multiblock_l_image() -> None:
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in single channel mode
+    size = (4096, 2 * block_size // 4096)
+    img = Image.new("L", size, 128)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        (schema, arr) = img.__arrow_c_array__()
+
+
+def test_multiblock_rgba_image() -> None:
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in 4 channel mode
+    size = (4096, (block_size // 4096) // 2)
+    img = Image.new("RGBA", size, (128, 127, 126, 125))
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        (schema, arr) = img.__arrow_c_array__()
+
+
+def test_multiblock_l_schema() -> None:
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in single channel mode
+    size = (4096, 2 * block_size // 4096)
+    img = Image.new("L", size, 128)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        img.__arrow_c_schema__()
+
+
+def test_multiblock_rgba_schema() -> None:
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in 4 channel mode
+    size = (4096, (block_size // 4096) // 2)
+    img = Image.new("RGBA", size, (128, 127, 126, 125))
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        img.__arrow_c_schema__()
+
+
+def test_singleblock_l_image() -> None:
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(1)
+
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in 4 channel mode
+    size = (4096, 2 * (block_size // 4096))
+    img = Image.new("L", size, 128)
+    assert img.im.isblock()
+
+    (schema, arr) = img.__arrow_c_array__()
+    assert schema
+    assert arr
+
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(0)
+
+
+def test_singleblock_rgba_image() -> None:
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(1)
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in 4 channel mode
+    size = (4096, (block_size // 4096) // 2)
+    img = Image.new("RGBA", size, (128, 127, 126, 125))
+    assert img.im.isblock()
+
+    (schema, arr) = img.__arrow_c_array__()
+    assert schema
+    assert arr
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(0)
+
+
+def test_singleblock_l_schema() -> None:
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(1)
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in single channel mode
+    size = (4096, 2 * block_size // 4096)
+    img = Image.new("L", size, 128)
+    assert img.im.isblock()
+
+    schema = img.__arrow_c_schema__()
+    assert schema
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(0)
+
+
+def test_singleblock_rgba_schema() -> None:
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(1)
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in 4 channel mode
+    size = (4096, (block_size // 4096) // 2)
+    img = Image.new("RGBA", size, (128, 127, 126, 125))
+    assert img.im.isblock()
+
+    schema = img.__arrow_c_schema__()
+    assert schema
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(0)

Tests/test_file_apng.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from PIL import Image, ImageSequence, PngImagePlugin
 # (referenced from https://wiki.mozilla.org/APNG_Specification)
 def test_apng_basic() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/single_frame.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert not im.is_animated
         assert im.n_frames == 1
         assert im.get_format_mimetype() == "image/apng"
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ def test_apng_basic() -> None:
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/single_frame_default.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert im.is_animated
         assert im.n_frames == 2
         assert im.get_format_mimetype() == "image/apng"
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ def test_apng_basic() -> None:
 )
 def test_apng_fdat(filename: str) -> None:
     with Image.open(filename) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
@@ -60,31 +63,37 @@ def test_apng_fdat(filename: str) -> None:
 
 def test_apng_dispose() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/dispose_op_none.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/dispose_op_background.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 0, 0)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/dispose_op_background_final.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/dispose_op_previous.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/dispose_op_previous_final.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/dispose_op_previous_first.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 0, 0)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 0, 0, 0)
@@ -92,21 +101,25 @@ def test_apng_dispose() -> None:
 
 def test_apng_dispose_region() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/dispose_op_none_region.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/dispose_op_background_before_region.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 0, 0)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/dispose_op_background_region.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255, 255)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/dispose_op_previous_region.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
@@ -133,6 +146,7 @@ def test_apng_dispose_op_previous_frame() -> None:
     #     ],
     # )
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/dispose_op_previous_frame.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (255, 0, 0, 255)
 
@@ -146,26 +160,31 @@ def test_apng_dispose_op_background_p_mode() -> None:
 
 def test_apng_blend() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/blend_op_source_solid.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/blend_op_source_transparent.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 0, 0)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/blend_op_source_near_transparent.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 2)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 2)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/blend_op_over.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/blend_op_over_near_transparent.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 97)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
@@ -179,6 +198,7 @@ def test_apng_blend_transparency() -> None:
 
 def test_apng_chunk_order() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/fctl_actl.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
@@ -234,24 +254,28 @@ def test_apng_num_plays() -> None:
 
 def test_apng_mode() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/mode_16bit.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert im.mode == "RGBA"
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 128, 191)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 0, 128, 191)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/mode_grayscale.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert im.mode == "L"
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 128
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == 255
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/mode_grayscale_alpha.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert im.mode == "LA"
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (128, 191)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (128, 191)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/mode_palette.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert im.mode == "P"
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         im = im.convert("RGB")
@@ -259,6 +283,7 @@ def test_apng_mode() -> None:
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/mode_palette_alpha.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert im.mode == "P"
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         im = im.convert("RGBA")
@@ -266,6 +291,7 @@ def test_apng_mode() -> None:
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/mode_palette_1bit_alpha.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert im.mode == "P"
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         im = im.convert("RGBA")
@@ -275,25 +301,31 @@ def test_apng_mode() -> None:
 
 def test_apng_chunk_errors() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/chunk_no_actl.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert not im.is_animated
 
     with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/chunk_multi_actl.png") as im:
             im.load()
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert not im.is_animated
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/chunk_actl_after_idat.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert not im.is_animated
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/chunk_no_fctl.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
             im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/chunk_repeat_fctl.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
             im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/chunk_no_fdat.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
             im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
 
@@ -301,26 +333,31 @@ def test_apng_chunk_errors() -> None:
 def test_apng_syntax_errors() -> None:
     with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_zero.png") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
             assert not im.is_animated
             with pytest.raises(OSError):
                 im.load()
 
     with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_zero_default.png") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
             assert not im.is_animated
             im.load()
 
     # we can handle this case gracefully
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_low.png") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
 
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_high.png") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
             im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
             im.load()
 
     with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_invalid.png") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
             assert not im.is_animated
             im.load()
 
@@ -340,6 +377,7 @@ def test_apng_syntax_errors() -> None:
 def test_apng_sequence_errors(test_file: str) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
         with Image.open(f"Tests/images/apng/{test_file}") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
             im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
             im.load()
 
@@ -350,6 +388,7 @@ def test_apng_save(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im.save(test_file, save_all=True)
 
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.load()
         assert not im.is_animated
         assert im.n_frames == 1
@@ -365,6 +404,7 @@ def test_apng_save(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         )
 
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.load()
         assert im.is_animated
         assert im.n_frames == 2
@@ -404,6 +444,7 @@ def test_apng_save_split_fdat(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             append_images=frames,
         )
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         im.load()
 
@@ -446,6 +487,7 @@ def test_apng_save_duration_loop(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         test_file, save_all=True, append_images=[frame, frame], duration=[500, 100, 150]
     )
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 1
         assert "duration" not in im.info
 
@@ -457,6 +499,7 @@ def test_apng_save_duration_loop(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         duration=[500, 100, 150],
     )
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 2
         assert im.info["duration"] == 600
 
@@ -467,6 +510,7 @@ def test_apng_save_duration_loop(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     frame.info["duration"] = 300
     frame.save(test_file, save_all=True, append_images=[frame, different_frame])
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 2
         assert im.info["duration"] == 600
 

Tests/test_file_avif.py

@@ -0,0 +1,779 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import gc
+import os
+import re
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from io import BytesIO
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+from PIL import (
+    AvifImagePlugin,
+    Image,
+    ImageDraw,
+    ImageFile,
+    UnidentifiedImageError,
+    features,
+)
+
+from .helper import (
+    PillowLeakTestCase,
+    assert_image,
+    assert_image_similar,
+    assert_image_similar_tofile,
+    hopper,
+    skip_unless_feature,
+)
+
+try:
+    from PIL import _avif
+
+    HAVE_AVIF = True
+except ImportError:
+    HAVE_AVIF = False
+
+
+TEST_AVIF_FILE = "Tests/images/avif/hopper.avif"
+
+
+def assert_xmp_orientation(xmp: bytes, expected: int) -> None:
+    assert int(xmp.split(b'tiff:Orientation="')[1].split(b'"')[0]) == expected
+
+
+def roundtrip(im: ImageFile.ImageFile, **options: Any) -> ImageFile.ImageFile:
+    out = BytesIO()
+    im.save(out, "AVIF", **options)
+    return Image.open(out)
+
+
+def skip_unless_avif_decoder(codec_name: str) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
+    reason = f"{codec_name} decode not available"
+    return pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not HAVE_AVIF or not _avif.decoder_codec_available(codec_name), reason=reason
+    )
+
+
+def skip_unless_avif_encoder(codec_name: str) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
+    reason = f"{codec_name} encode not available"
+    return pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not HAVE_AVIF or not _avif.encoder_codec_available(codec_name), reason=reason
+    )
+
+
+def is_docker_qemu() -> bool:
+    try:
+        init_proc_exe = os.readlink("/proc/1/exe")
+    except (FileNotFoundError, PermissionError):
+        return False
+    return "qemu" in init_proc_exe
+
+
+class TestUnsupportedAvif:
+    def test_unsupported(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.setattr(AvifImagePlugin, "SUPPORTED", False)
+
+        with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+            with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):
+                with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE):
+                    pass
+
+    def test_unsupported_open(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.setattr(AvifImagePlugin, "SUPPORTED", False)
+
+        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+            AvifImagePlugin.AvifImageFile(TEST_AVIF_FILE)
+
+
+@skip_unless_feature("avif")
+class TestFileAvif:
+    def test_version(self) -> None:
+        version = features.version_module("avif")
+        assert version is not None
+        assert re.search(r"^\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", version)
+
+    def test_codec_version(self) -> None:
+        assert AvifImagePlugin.get_codec_version("unknown") is None
+
+        for codec_name in ("aom", "dav1d", "rav1e", "svt"):
+            codec_version = AvifImagePlugin.get_codec_version(codec_name)
+            if _avif.decoder_codec_available(
+                codec_name
+            ) or _avif.encoder_codec_available(codec_name):
+                assert codec_version is not None
+                assert re.search(r"^v?\d+\.\d+\.\d+(-([a-z\d])+)*$", codec_version)
+            else:
+                assert codec_version is None
+
+    def test_read(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Can we read an AVIF file without error?
+        Does it have the bits we expect?
+        """
+
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as image:
+            assert image.mode == "RGB"
+            assert image.size == (128, 128)
+            assert image.format == "AVIF"
+            assert image.get_format_mimetype() == "image/avif"
+            image.getdata()
+
+            # generated with:
+            # avifdec hopper.avif hopper_avif_write.png
+            assert_image_similar_tofile(
+                image, "Tests/images/avif/hopper_avif_write.png", 11.5
+            )
+
+    def test_write_rgb(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """
+        Can we write a RGB mode file to avif without error?
+        Does it have the bits we expect?
+        """
+
+        temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+
+        im = hopper()
+        im.save(temp_file)
+        with Image.open(temp_file) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.mode == "RGB"
+            assert reloaded.size == (128, 128)
+            assert reloaded.format == "AVIF"
+            reloaded.getdata()
+
+            # avifdec hopper.avif avif/hopper_avif_write.png
+            assert_image_similar_tofile(
+                reloaded, "Tests/images/avif/hopper_avif_write.png", 6.02
+            )
+
+            # This test asserts that the images are similar. If the average pixel
+            # difference between the two images is less than the epsilon value,
+            # then we're going to accept that it's a reasonable lossy version of
+            # the image.
+            assert_image_similar(reloaded, im, 8.62)
+
+    def test_AvifEncoder_with_invalid_args(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Calling encoder functions with no arguments should result in an error.
+        """
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            _avif.AvifEncoder()
+
+    def test_AvifDecoder_with_invalid_args(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Calling decoder functions with no arguments should result in an error.
+        """
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            _avif.AvifDecoder()
+
+    def test_invalid_dimensions(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        im = Image.new("RGB", (0, 0))
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            im.save(test_file)
+
+    def test_encoder_finish_none_error(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        """Save should raise an OSError if AvifEncoder.finish returns None"""
+
+        class _mock_avif:
+            class AvifEncoder:
+                def __init__(self, *args: Any) -> None:
+                    pass
+
+                def add(self, *args: Any) -> None:
+                    pass
+
+                def finish(self) -> None:
+                    return None
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(AvifImagePlugin, "_avif", _mock_avif)
+
+        im = Image.new("RGB", (150, 150))
+        test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        with pytest.raises(OSError):
+            im.save(test_file)
+
+    def test_no_resource_warning(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
+                im.save(tmp_path / "temp.avif")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("major_brand", [b"avif", b"avis", b"mif1", b"msf1"])
+    def test_accept_ftyp_brands(self, major_brand: bytes) -> None:
+        data = b"\x00\x00\x00\x1cftyp%s\x00\x00\x00\x00" % major_brand
+        assert AvifImagePlugin._accept(data) is True
+
+    def test_file_pointer_could_be_reused(self) -> None:
+        with open(TEST_AVIF_FILE, "rb") as blob:
+            with Image.open(blob) as im:
+                im.load()
+            with Image.open(blob) as im:
+                im.load()
+
+    def test_background_from_gif(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
+            original_value = im.convert("RGB").getpixel((1, 1))
+
+            # Save as AVIF
+            out_avif = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(out_avif, save_all=True)
+
+        # Save as GIF
+        out_gif = tmp_path / "temp.gif"
+        with Image.open(out_avif) as im:
+            im.save(out_gif)
+
+        with Image.open(out_gif) as reread:
+            reread_value = reread.convert("RGB").getpixel((1, 1))
+        difference = sum([abs(original_value[i] - reread_value[i]) for i in range(3)])
+        assert difference <= 3
+
+    def test_save_single_frame(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
+            im.save(temp_file)
+        with Image.open(temp_file) as im:
+            assert im.n_frames == 1
+
+    def test_invalid_file(self) -> None:
+        invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
+
+        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+            AvifImagePlugin.AvifImageFile(invalid_file)
+
+    def test_load_transparent_rgb(self) -> None:
+        test_file = "Tests/images/avif/transparency.avif"
+        with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+            assert_image(im, "RGBA", (64, 64))
+
+            # image has 876 transparent pixels
+            assert im.getchannel("A").getcolors()[0] == (876, 0)
+
+    def test_save_transparent(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        im = Image.new("RGBA", (10, 10), (0, 0, 0, 0))
+        assert im.getcolors() == [(100, (0, 0, 0, 0))]
+
+        test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        im.save(test_file)
+
+        # check if saved image contains the same transparency
+        with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+            assert_image(im, "RGBA", (10, 10))
+            assert im.getcolors() == [(100, (0, 0, 0, 0))]
+
+    def test_save_icc_profile(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/icc_profile_none.avif") as im:
+            assert "icc_profile" not in im.info
+
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/icc_profile.avif") as with_icc:
+                expected_icc = with_icc.info["icc_profile"]
+                assert expected_icc is not None
+
+                im = roundtrip(im, icc_profile=expected_icc)
+                assert im.info["icc_profile"] == expected_icc
+
+    def test_discard_icc_profile(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/icc_profile.avif") as im:
+            im = roundtrip(im, icc_profile=None)
+        assert "icc_profile" not in im.info
+
+    def test_roundtrip_icc_profile(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/icc_profile.avif") as im:
+            expected_icc = im.info["icc_profile"]
+
+            im = roundtrip(im)
+        assert im.info["icc_profile"] == expected_icc
+
+    def test_roundtrip_no_icc_profile(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/icc_profile_none.avif") as im:
+            assert "icc_profile" not in im.info
+
+            im = roundtrip(im)
+        assert "icc_profile" not in im.info
+
+    def test_exif(self) -> None:
+        # With an EXIF chunk
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/exif.avif") as im:
+            exif = im.getexif()
+        assert exif[274] == 1
+
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/xmp_tags_orientation.avif") as im:
+            exif = im.getexif()
+        assert exif[274] == 3
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("use_bytes", [True, False])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("orientation", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+    def test_exif_save(
+        self,
+        tmp_path: Path,
+        use_bytes: bool,
+        orientation: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        exif = Image.Exif()
+        exif[274] = orientation
+        exif_data = exif.tobytes()
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(test_file, exif=exif_data if use_bytes else exif)
+
+        with Image.open(test_file) as reloaded:
+            if orientation == 1:
+                assert "exif" not in reloaded.info
+            else:
+                assert reloaded.getexif()[274] == orientation
+                assert reloaded.info["exif"] == exif_data
+
+    def test_exif_without_orientation(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        exif = Image.Exif()
+        exif[272] = b"test"
+        exif_data = exif.tobytes()
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(test_file, exif=exif)
+
+        with Image.open(test_file) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.info["exif"] == exif_data
+
+    def test_exif_invalid(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+                im.save(test_file, exif=b"invalid")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "rot, mir, exif_orientation",
+        [
+            (0, 0, 4),
+            (0, 1, 2),
+            (1, 0, 5),
+            (1, 1, 7),
+            (2, 0, 2),
+            (2, 1, 4),
+            (3, 0, 7),
+            (3, 1, 5),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_rot_mir_exif(
+        self, rot: int, mir: int, exif_orientation: int, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        with Image.open(f"Tests/images/avif/rot{rot}mir{mir}.avif") as im:
+            exif = im.getexif()
+            assert exif[274] == exif_orientation
+
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(test_file, exif=exif)
+        with Image.open(test_file) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.getexif()[274] == exif_orientation
+
+    def test_xmp(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/xmp_tags_orientation.avif") as im:
+            xmp = im.info["xmp"]
+        assert_xmp_orientation(xmp, 3)
+
+    def test_xmp_save(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        xmp_arg = "\n".join(
+            [
+                '<?xpacket begin="" id="W5M0MpCehiHzreSzNTczkc9d"?>',
+                '<x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/">',
+                ' <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">',
+                '  <rdf:Description rdf:about=""',
+                '    xmlns:tiff="http://ns.adobe.com/tiff/1.0/"',
+                '   tiff:Orientation="1"/>',
+                " </rdf:RDF>",
+                "</x:xmpmeta>",
+                '<?xpacket end="r"?>',
+            ]
+        )
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(test_file, xmp=xmp_arg)
+
+        with Image.open(test_file) as reloaded:
+            xmp = reloaded.info["xmp"]
+        assert_xmp_orientation(xmp, 1)
+
+    def test_tell(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            assert im.tell() == 0
+
+    def test_seek(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            im.seek(0)
+
+            with pytest.raises(EOFError):
+                im.seek(1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("subsampling", ["4:4:4", "4:2:2", "4:2:0", "4:0:0"])
+    def test_encoder_subsampling(self, tmp_path: Path, subsampling: str) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(test_file, subsampling=subsampling)
+
+    def test_encoder_subsampling_invalid(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                im.save(test_file, subsampling="foo")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["full", "limited"])
+    def test_encoder_range(self, tmp_path: Path, value: str) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(test_file, range=value)
+
+    def test_encoder_range_invalid(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                im.save(test_file, range="foo")
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("aom")
+    def test_encoder_codec_param(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(test_file, codec="aom")
+
+    def test_encoder_codec_invalid(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                im.save(test_file, codec="foo")
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_decoder("dav1d")
+    def test_decoder_codec_cannot_encode(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                im.save(test_file, codec="dav1d")
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("aom")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "advanced",
+        [
+            {
+                "aq-mode": "1",
+                "enable-chroma-deltaq": "1",
+            },
+            (("aq-mode", "1"), ("enable-chroma-deltaq", "1")),
+            [("aq-mode", "1"), ("enable-chroma-deltaq", "1")],
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_encoder_advanced_codec_options(
+        self, advanced: dict[str, str] | Sequence[tuple[str, str]]
+    ) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            ctrl_buf = BytesIO()
+            im.save(ctrl_buf, "AVIF", codec="aom")
+            test_buf = BytesIO()
+            im.save(
+                test_buf,
+                "AVIF",
+                codec="aom",
+                advanced=advanced,
+            )
+            assert ctrl_buf.getvalue() != test_buf.getvalue()
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("aom")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("advanced", [{"foo": "bar"}, {"foo": 1234}, 1234])
+    def test_encoder_advanced_codec_options_invalid(
+        self, tmp_path: Path, advanced: dict[str, str] | int
+    ) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                im.save(test_file, codec="aom", advanced=advanced)
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_decoder("aom")
+    def test_decoder_codec_param(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.setattr(AvifImagePlugin, "DECODE_CODEC_CHOICE", "aom")
+
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            assert im.size == (128, 128)
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("rav1e")
+    def test_encoder_codec_cannot_decode(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.setattr(AvifImagePlugin, "DECODE_CODEC_CHOICE", "rav1e")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE):
+                pass
+
+    def test_decoder_codec_invalid(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.setattr(AvifImagePlugin, "DECODE_CODEC_CHOICE", "foo")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE):
+                pass
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("aom")
+    def test_encoder_codec_available(self) -> None:
+        assert _avif.encoder_codec_available("aom") is True
+
+    def test_encoder_codec_available_bad_params(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            _avif.encoder_codec_available()
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_decoder("dav1d")
+    def test_encoder_codec_available_cannot_decode(self) -> None:
+        assert _avif.encoder_codec_available("dav1d") is False
+
+    def test_encoder_codec_available_invalid(self) -> None:
+        assert _avif.encoder_codec_available("foo") is False
+
+    def test_encoder_quality_valueerror(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                im.save(test_file, quality="invalid")
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_decoder("aom")
+    def test_decoder_codec_available(self) -> None:
+        assert _avif.decoder_codec_available("aom") is True
+
+    def test_decoder_codec_available_bad_params(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            _avif.decoder_codec_available()
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("rav1e")
+    def test_decoder_codec_available_cannot_decode(self) -> None:
+        assert _avif.decoder_codec_available("rav1e") is False
+
+    def test_decoder_codec_available_invalid(self) -> None:
+        assert _avif.decoder_codec_available("foo") is False
+
+    def test_p_mode_transparency(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        im = Image.new("P", size=(64, 64))
+        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+        draw.rectangle(xy=[(0, 0), (32, 32)], fill=255)
+        draw.rectangle(xy=[(32, 32), (64, 64)], fill=255)
+
+        out_png = tmp_path / "temp.png"
+        im.save(out_png, transparency=0)
+        with Image.open(out_png) as im_png:
+            out_avif = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im_png.save(out_avif, quality=100)
+
+            with Image.open(out_avif) as expected:
+                assert_image_similar(im_png.convert("RGBA"), expected, 0.17)
+
+    def test_decoder_strict_flags(self) -> None:
+        # This would fail if full avif strictFlags were enabled
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/hopper-missing-pixi.avif") as im:
+            assert im.size == (128, 128)
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("aom")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("speed", [-1, 1, 11])
+    def test_aom_optimizations(self, tmp_path: Path, speed: int) -> None:
+        test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        hopper().save(test_file, codec="aom", speed=speed)
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("svt")
+    def test_svt_optimizations(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        hopper().save(test_file, codec="svt", speed=1)
+
+
+@skip_unless_feature("avif")
+class TestAvifAnimation:
+    @contextmanager
+    def star_frames(self) -> Generator[list[Image.Image], None, None]:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/star.png") as f:
+            yield [f, f.rotate(90), f.rotate(180), f.rotate(270)]
+
+    def test_n_frames(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Ensure that AVIF format sets n_frames and is_animated attributes
+        correctly.
+        """
+
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            assert im.n_frames == 1
+            assert not im.is_animated
+
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/star.avifs") as im:
+            assert im.n_frames == 5
+            assert im.is_animated
+
+    def test_write_animation_P(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """
+        Convert an animated GIF to animated AVIF, then compare the frame
+        count, and ensure the frames are visually similar to the originals.
+        """
+
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/star.gif") as original:
+            assert original.n_frames > 1
+
+            temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            original.save(temp_file, save_all=True)
+            with Image.open(temp_file) as im:
+                assert im.n_frames == original.n_frames
+
+                # Compare first frame in P mode to frame from original GIF
+                assert_image_similar(im, original.convert("RGBA"), 2)
+
+                # Compare later frames in RGBA mode to frames from original GIF
+                for frame in range(1, original.n_frames):
+                    original.seek(frame)
+                    im.seek(frame)
+                    assert_image_similar(im, original, 2.54)
+
+    def test_write_animation_RGBA(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """
+        Write an animated AVIF from RGBA frames, and ensure the frames
+        are visually similar to the originals.
+        """
+
+        def check(temp_file: Path) -> None:
+            with Image.open(temp_file) as im:
+                assert im.n_frames == 4
+
+                # Compare first frame to original
+                assert_image_similar(im, frame1, 2.7)
+
+                # Compare second frame to original
+                im.seek(1)
+                assert_image_similar(im, frame2, 4.1)
+
+        with self.star_frames() as frames:
+            frame1 = frames[0]
+            frame2 = frames[1]
+            temp_file1 = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            frames[0].copy().save(temp_file1, save_all=True, append_images=frames[1:])
+            check(temp_file1)
+
+            # Test appending using a generator
+            def imGenerator(
+                ims: list[Image.Image],
+            ) -> Generator[Image.Image, None, None]:
+                yield from ims
+
+            temp_file2 = tmp_path / "temp_generator.avif"
+            frames[0].copy().save(
+                temp_file2,
+                save_all=True,
+                append_images=imGenerator(frames[1:]),
+            )
+            check(temp_file2)
+
+    def test_sequence_dimension_mismatch_check(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        frame1 = Image.new("RGB", (100, 100))
+        frame2 = Image.new("RGB", (150, 150))
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            frame1.save(temp_file, save_all=True, append_images=[frame2])
+
+    def test_heif_raises_unidentified_image_error(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/hopper.heif"):
+                pass
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("alpha_premultiplied", [False, True])
+    def test_alpha_premultiplied(
+        self, tmp_path: Path, alpha_premultiplied: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        color = (200, 200, 200, 1)
+        im = Image.new("RGBA", (1, 1), color)
+        im.save(temp_file, alpha_premultiplied=alpha_premultiplied)
+
+        expected = (255, 255, 255, 1) if alpha_premultiplied else color
+        with Image.open(temp_file) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.getpixel((0, 0)) == expected
+
+    def test_timestamp_and_duration(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """
+        Try passing a list of durations, and make sure the encoded
+        timestamps and durations are correct.
+        """
+
+        durations = [1, 10, 20, 30, 40]
+        temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        with self.star_frames() as frames:
+            frames[0].save(
+                temp_file,
+                save_all=True,
+                append_images=(frames[1:] + [frames[0]]),
+                duration=durations,
+            )
+
+        with Image.open(temp_file) as im:
+            assert im.n_frames == 5
+            assert im.is_animated
+
+            # Check that timestamps and durations match original values specified
+            timestamp = 0
+            for frame in range(im.n_frames):
+                im.seek(frame)
+                im.load()
+                assert im.info["duration"] == durations[frame]
+                assert im.info["timestamp"] == timestamp
+                timestamp += durations[frame]
+
+    def test_seeking(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """
+        Create an animated AVIF file, and then try seeking through frames in
+        reverse-order, verifying the timestamps and durations are correct.
+        """
+
+        duration = 33
+        temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        with self.star_frames() as frames:
+            frames[0].save(
+                temp_file,
+                save_all=True,
+                append_images=(frames[1:] + [frames[0]]),
+                duration=duration,
+            )
+
+        with Image.open(temp_file) as im:
+            assert im.n_frames == 5
+            assert im.is_animated
+
+            # Traverse frames in reverse, checking timestamps and durations
+            timestamp = duration * (im.n_frames - 1)
+            for frame in reversed(range(im.n_frames)):
+                im.seek(frame)
+                im.load()
+                assert im.info["duration"] == duration
+                assert im.info["timestamp"] == timestamp
+                timestamp -= duration
+
+    def test_seek_errors(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/star.avifs") as im:
+            with pytest.raises(EOFError):
+                im.seek(-1)
+
+            with pytest.raises(EOFError):
+                im.seek(42)
+
+
+MAX_THREADS = os.cpu_count() or 1
+
+
+@skip_unless_feature("avif")
+class TestAvifLeaks(PillowLeakTestCase):
+    mem_limit = MAX_THREADS * 3 * 1024
+    iterations = 100
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        is_docker_qemu(), reason="Skipping on cross-architecture containers"
+    )
+    def test_leak_load(self) -> None:
+        with open(TEST_AVIF_FILE, "rb") as f:
+            im_data = f.read()
+
+        def core() -> None:
+            with Image.open(BytesIO(im_data)) as im:
+                im.load()
+            gc.collect()
+
+        self._test_leak(core)

Tests/test_file_bmp.py

@@ -15,10 +15,11 @@ from .helper import (
 )
 
 
-def test_sanity(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    def roundtrip(im: Image.Image) -> None:
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "L", "P", "RGB"))
+def test_sanity(mode: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     outfile = tmp_path / "temp.bmp"
 
+    im = hopper(mode)
     im.save(outfile, "BMP")
 
     with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
@@ -28,13 +29,6 @@ def test_sanity(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert reloaded.format == "BMP"
         assert reloaded.get_format_mimetype() == "image/bmp"
 
-    roundtrip(hopper())
-
-    roundtrip(hopper("1"))
-    roundtrip(hopper("L"))
-    roundtrip(hopper("P"))
-    roundtrip(hopper("RGB"))
-
 
 def test_invalid_file() -> None:
     with open("Tests/images/flower.jpg", "rb") as fp:
@@ -230,3 +224,13 @@ def test_offset() -> None:
     # to exclude the palette size from the pixel data offset
     with Image.open("Tests/images/pal8_offset.bmp") as im:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/bmp/g/pal8.bmp")
+
+
+def test_use_raw_alpha(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/bmp/g/rgb32.bmp") as im:
+        assert im.info["compression"] == BmpImagePlugin.BmpImageFile.COMPRESSIONS["RAW"]
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(BmpImagePlugin, "USE_RAW_ALPHA", True)
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/bmp/g/rgb32.bmp") as im:
+        assert im.mode == "RGBA"

Tests/test_file_dcx.py

@@ -69,12 +69,14 @@ def test_tell() -> None:
 
 def test_n_frames() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, DcxImagePlugin.DcxImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 1
         assert not im.is_animated
 
 
 def test_eoferror() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, DcxImagePlugin.DcxImageFile)
         n_frames = im.n_frames
 
         # Test seeking past the last frame

Tests/test_file_eps.py

@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ simple_eps_file_with_long_binary_data = (
 def test_sanity(filename: str, size: tuple[int, int], scale: int) -> None:
     expected_size = tuple(s * scale for s in size)
     with Image.open(filename) as image:
+        assert isinstance(image, EpsImagePlugin.EpsImageFile)
+
         image.load(scale=scale)
         assert image.mode == "RGB"
         assert image.size == expected_size
@@ -227,6 +229,8 @@ def test_showpage() -> None:
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")
 def test_transparency() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/eps/reqd_showpage.eps") as plot_image:
+        assert isinstance(plot_image, EpsImagePlugin.EpsImageFile)
+
         plot_image.load(transparency=True)
         assert plot_image.mode == "RGBA"
 
@@ -308,6 +312,7 @@ def test_render_scale2() -> None:
 
     # Zero bounding box
     with Image.open(FILE1) as image1_scale2:
+        assert isinstance(image1_scale2, EpsImagePlugin.EpsImageFile)
         image1_scale2.load(scale=2)
         with Image.open(FILE1_COMPARE_SCALE2) as image1_scale2_compare:
             image1_scale2_compare = image1_scale2_compare.convert("RGB")
@@ -316,6 +321,7 @@ def test_render_scale2() -> None:
 
     # Non-zero bounding box
     with Image.open(FILE2) as image2_scale2:
+        assert isinstance(image2_scale2, EpsImagePlugin.EpsImageFile)
         image2_scale2.load(scale=2)
         with Image.open(FILE2_COMPARE_SCALE2) as image2_scale2_compare:
             image2_scale2_compare = image2_scale2_compare.convert("RGB")

Tests/test_file_fli.py

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ animated_test_file_with_prefix_chunk = "Tests/images/2422.flc"
 
 def test_sanity() -> None:
     with Image.open(static_test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, FliImagePlugin.FliImageFile)
+
         im.load()
         assert im.mode == "P"
         assert im.size == (128, 128)
@@ -29,6 +31,8 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
         assert not im.is_animated
 
     with Image.open(animated_test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, FliImagePlugin.FliImageFile)
+
         assert im.mode == "P"
         assert im.size == (320, 200)
         assert im.format == "FLI"
@@ -112,16 +116,19 @@ def test_palette_chunk_second() -> None:
 
 def test_n_frames() -> None:
     with Image.open(static_test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, FliImagePlugin.FliImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 1
         assert not im.is_animated
 
     with Image.open(animated_test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, FliImagePlugin.FliImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 384
         assert im.is_animated
 
 
 def test_eoferror() -> None:
     with Image.open(animated_test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, FliImagePlugin.FliImageFile)
         n_frames = im.n_frames
 
         # Test seeking past the last frame
@@ -166,6 +173,7 @@ def test_seek_tell() -> None:
 
 def test_seek() -> None:
     with Image.open(animated_test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, FliImagePlugin.FliImageFile)
         im.seek(50)
 
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/a_fli.png")

Tests/test_file_fpx.py

@@ -22,10 +22,11 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 def test_close() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/input_bw_one_band.fpx") as im:
-        pass
+        assert isinstance(im, FpxImagePlugin.FpxImageFile)
     assert im.ole.fp.closed
 
     im = Image.open("Tests/images/input_bw_one_band.fpx")
+    assert isinstance(im, FpxImagePlugin.FpxImageFile)
     im.close()
     assert im.ole.fp.closed
 

Tests/test_file_gif.py

@@ -450,6 +450,7 @@ def test_save_netpbm_l_mode(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 def test_seek() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_none.gif") as img:
+        assert isinstance(img, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         frame_count = 0
         try:
             while True:
@@ -494,10 +495,12 @@ def test_seek_rewind() -> None:
 def test_n_frames(path: str, n_frames: int) -> None:
     # Test is_animated before n_frames
     with Image.open(path) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         assert im.is_animated == (n_frames != 1)
 
     # Test is_animated after n_frames
     with Image.open(path) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == n_frames
         assert im.is_animated == (n_frames != 1)
 
@@ -507,6 +510,7 @@ def test_no_change() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_bgnd.gif") as im:
         im.seek(1)
         expected = im.copy()
+        assert isinstance(im, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 5
         assert_image_equal(im, expected)
 
@@ -514,17 +518,20 @@ def test_no_change() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_bgnd.gif") as im:
         im.seek(3)
         expected = im.copy()
+        assert isinstance(im, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         assert im.is_animated
         assert_image_equal(im, expected)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/comment_after_only_frame.gif") as im:
         expected = Image.new("P", (1, 1))
+        assert isinstance(im, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         assert not im.is_animated
         assert_image_equal(im, expected)
 
 
 def test_eoferror() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         n_frames = im.n_frames
 
         # Test seeking past the last frame
@@ -543,6 +550,7 @@ def test_first_frame_transparency() -> None:
 
 def test_dispose_none() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_none.gif") as img:
+        assert isinstance(img, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         try:
             while True:
                 img.seek(img.tell() + 1)
@@ -566,6 +574,7 @@ def test_dispose_none_load_end() -> None:
 
 def test_dispose_background() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_bgnd.gif") as img:
+        assert isinstance(img, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         try:
             while True:
                 img.seek(img.tell() + 1)
@@ -619,6 +628,7 @@ def test_transparent_dispose(
 
 def test_dispose_previous() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_prev.gif") as img:
+        assert isinstance(img, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         try:
             while True:
                 img.seek(img.tell() + 1)
@@ -656,6 +666,7 @@ def test_save_dispose(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     for method in range(4):
         im_list[0].save(out, save_all=True, append_images=im_list[1:], disposal=method)
         with Image.open(out) as img:
+            assert isinstance(img, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
             for _ in range(2):
                 img.seek(img.tell() + 1)
                 assert img.disposal_method == method
@@ -669,6 +680,7 @@ def test_save_dispose(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     )
 
     with Image.open(out) as img:
+        assert isinstance(img, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         for i in range(2):
             img.seek(img.tell() + 1)
             assert img.disposal_method == i + 1
@@ -791,6 +803,7 @@ def test_dispose2_background_frame(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im_list[0].save(out, save_all=True, append_images=im_list[1:], disposal=2)
 
     with Image.open(out) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 3
 
 
@@ -972,6 +985,8 @@ def test_identical_frames(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         out, save_all=True, append_images=im_list[1:], duration=duration_list
     )
     with Image.open(out) as reread:
+        assert isinstance(reread, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
+
         # Assert that the first three frames were combined
         assert reread.n_frames == 2
 
@@ -1001,6 +1016,8 @@ def test_identical_frames_to_single_frame(
 
     im_list[0].save(out, save_all=True, append_images=im_list[1:], duration=duration)
     with Image.open(out) as reread:
+        assert isinstance(reread, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
+
         # Assert that all frames were combined
         assert reread.n_frames == 1
 
@@ -1187,6 +1204,14 @@ def test_append_images(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im.copy().save(out, save_all=True, append_images=ims)
 
     with Image.open(out) as reread:
+        assert isinstance(reread, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
+        assert reread.n_frames == 3
+
+    # Test append_images without save_all
+    im.copy().save(out, append_images=ims)
+
+    with Image.open(out) as reread:
+        assert isinstance(reread, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         assert reread.n_frames == 3
 
     # Tests appending using a generator
@@ -1196,6 +1221,7 @@ def test_append_images(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=im_generator(ims))
 
     with Image.open(out) as reread:
+        assert isinstance(reread, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         assert reread.n_frames == 3
 
     # Tests appending single and multiple frame images
@@ -1204,6 +1230,7 @@ def test_append_images(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=[im2])
 
     with Image.open(out) as reread:
+        assert isinstance(reread, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         assert reread.n_frames == 10
 
 
@@ -1304,6 +1331,7 @@ def test_bbox(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=ims)
 
     with Image.open(out) as reread:
+        assert isinstance(reread, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         assert reread.n_frames == 2
 
 
@@ -1316,6 +1344,7 @@ def test_bbox_alpha(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=[im2])
 
     with Image.open(out) as reread:
+        assert isinstance(reread, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         assert reread.n_frames == 2
 
 
@@ -1467,6 +1496,7 @@ def test_extents(
 ) -> None:
     monkeypatch.setattr(GifImagePlugin, "LOADING_STRATEGY", loading_strategy)
     with Image.open("Tests/images/" + test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         assert im.size == (100, 100)
 
         # Check that n_frames does not change the size
@@ -1514,4 +1544,5 @@ def test_p_rgba(tmp_path: Path, params: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     im1.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=[im2], **params)
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         assert reloaded.n_frames == 2

Tests/test_file_gimppalette.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from io import BytesIO
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL.GimpPaletteFile import GimpPaletteFile
@@ -14,17 +16,20 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
             GimpPaletteFile(fp)
 
     with open("Tests/images/bad_palette_file.gpl", "rb") as fp:
-        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="bad palette file"):
             GimpPaletteFile(fp)
 
     with open("Tests/images/bad_palette_entry.gpl", "rb") as fp:
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="bad palette entry"):
             GimpPaletteFile(fp)
 
 
-def test_get_palette() -> None:
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "filename, size", (("custom_gimp_palette.gpl", 8), ("full_gimp_palette.gpl", 256))
+)
+def test_get_palette(filename: str, size: int) -> None:
     # Arrange
-    with open("Tests/images/custom_gimp_palette.gpl", "rb") as fp:
+    with open("Tests/images/" + filename, "rb") as fp:
         palette_file = GimpPaletteFile(fp)
 
     # Act
@@ -32,4 +37,36 @@ def test_get_palette() -> None:
 
     # Assert
     assert mode == "RGB"
-    assert len(palette) / 3 == 8
+    assert len(palette) / 3 == size
+
+
+def test_frombytes() -> None:
+    # Test that __init__ stops reading after 260 lines
+    with open("Tests/images/custom_gimp_palette.gpl", "rb") as fp:
+        custom_data = fp.read()
+    custom_data += b"#\n" * 300 + b"  0   0   0     Index 12"
+    b = BytesIO(custom_data)
+    palette = GimpPaletteFile(b)
+    assert len(palette.palette) / 3 == 8
+
+    # Test that __init__ only reads 256 entries
+    with open("Tests/images/full_gimp_palette.gpl", "rb") as fp:
+        full_data = fp.read()
+    data = full_data.replace(b"#\n", b"") + b"  0   0   0     Index 256"
+    b = BytesIO(data)
+    palette = GimpPaletteFile(b)
+    assert len(palette.palette) / 3 == 256
+
+    # Test that frombytes() can read beyond that
+    palette = GimpPaletteFile.frombytes(data)
+    assert len(palette.palette) / 3 == 257
+
+    # Test that __init__ raises an error if a comment is too long
+    data = full_data[:-1] + b"a" * 100
+    b = BytesIO(data)
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="bad palette file"):
+        palette = GimpPaletteFile(b)
+
+    # Test that frombytes() can read the data regardless
+    palette = GimpPaletteFile.frombytes(data)
+    assert len(palette.palette) / 3 == 256

Tests/test_file_hdf5stub.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def test_save() -> None:
     # Arrange
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
         dummy_fp = BytesIO()
-        dummy_filename = "dummy.filename"
+        dummy_filename = "dummy.h5"
 
         # Act / Assert: stub cannot save without an implemented handler
         with pytest.raises(OSError):

Tests/test_file_icns.py

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ def test_save_append_images(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert_image_similar_tofile(im, temp_file, 1)
 
         with Image.open(temp_file) as reread:
+            assert isinstance(reread, IcnsImagePlugin.IcnsImageFile)
             reread.size = (16, 16)
             reread.load(2)
             assert_image_equal(reread, provided_im)
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ def test_sizes() -> None:
     # Check that we can load all of the sizes, and that the final pixel
     # dimensions are as expected
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, IcnsImagePlugin.IcnsImageFile)
         for w, h, r in im.info["sizes"]:
             wr = w * r
             hr = h * r
@@ -118,6 +120,7 @@ def test_older_icon() -> None:
             wr = w * r
             hr = h * r
             with Image.open("Tests/images/pillow2.icns") as im2:
+                assert isinstance(im2, IcnsImagePlugin.IcnsImageFile)
                 im2.size = (w, h)
                 im2.load(r)
                 assert im2.mode == "RGBA"
@@ -135,6 +138,7 @@ def test_jp2_icon() -> None:
             wr = w * r
             hr = h * r
             with Image.open("Tests/images/pillow3.icns") as im2:
+                assert isinstance(im2, IcnsImagePlugin.IcnsImageFile)
                 im2.size = (w, h)
                 im2.load(r)
                 assert im2.mode == "RGBA"

Tests/test_file_ico.py

@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ def test_save_to_bytes() -> None:
     # The other one
     output.seek(0)
     with Image.open(output) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, IcoImagePlugin.IcoImageFile)
         reloaded.size = (32, 32)
 
         assert im.mode == reloaded.mode
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@ def test_getpixel(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im.save(temp_file, "ico", sizes=[(32, 32), (64, 64)])
 
     with Image.open(temp_file) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, IcoImagePlugin.IcoImageFile)
         reloaded.load()
         reloaded.size = (32, 32)
 
@@ -167,6 +169,7 @@ def test_save_to_bytes_bmp(mode: str) -> None:
     # The other one
     output.seek(0)
     with Image.open(output) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, IcoImagePlugin.IcoImageFile)
         reloaded.size = (32, 32)
 
         assert "RGBA" == reloaded.mode
@@ -178,6 +181,7 @@ def test_save_to_bytes_bmp(mode: str) -> None:
 
 def test_incorrect_size() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_ICO_FILE) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, IcoImagePlugin.IcoImageFile)
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             im.size = (1, 1)
 
@@ -219,6 +223,7 @@ def test_save_append_images(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im.save(outfile, sizes=[(32, 32), (128, 128)], append_images=[provided_im])
 
     with Image.open(outfile) as reread:
+        assert isinstance(reread, IcoImagePlugin.IcoImageFile)
         assert_image_equal(reread, hopper("RGBA"))
 
         reread.size = (32, 32)

Tests/test_file_im.py

@@ -68,12 +68,14 @@ def test_tell() -> None:
 
 def test_n_frames() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_IM) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, ImImagePlugin.ImImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 1
         assert not im.is_animated
 
 
 def test_eoferror() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_IM) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, ImImagePlugin.ImImageFile)
         n_frames = im.n_frames
 
         # Test seeking past the last frame

Tests/test_file_jpeg.py

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
     def test_app(self) -> None:
         # Test APP/COM reader (@PIL135)
         with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
             assert im.applist[0] == ("APP0", b"JFIF\x00\x01\x01\x01\x00`\x00`\x00\x00")
             assert im.applist[1] == (
                 "COM",
@@ -316,6 +317,8 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
     def test_exif_typeerror(self) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/exif_typeerror.jpg") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
+
             # Should not raise a TypeError
             im._getexif()
 
@@ -500,6 +503,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
     def test_mp(self) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/pil_sample_rgb.jpg") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
             assert im._getmp() is None
 
     def test_quality_keep(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -558,12 +562,14 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             with Image.open(test_file) as im:
                 im.save(b, "JPEG", qtables=[[n] * 64] * n)
             with Image.open(b) as im:
+                assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
                 assert len(im.quantization) == n
                 reloaded = self.roundtrip(im, qtables="keep")
                 assert im.quantization == reloaded.quantization
                 assert max(reloaded.quantization[0]) <= 255
 
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.jpg") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
             qtables = im.quantization
             reloaded = self.roundtrip(im, qtables=qtables, subsampling=0)
             assert im.quantization == reloaded.quantization
@@ -663,6 +669,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
     def test_load_16bit_qtables(self) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_16bit_qtables.jpg") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
             assert len(im.quantization) == 2
             assert len(im.quantization[0]) == 64
             assert max(im.quantization[0]) > 255
@@ -705,6 +712,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not djpeg_available(), reason="djpeg not available")
     def test_load_djpeg(self) -> None:
         with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as img:
+            assert isinstance(img, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
             img.load_djpeg()
             assert_image_similar_tofile(img, TEST_FILE, 5)
 
@@ -909,6 +917,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
     def test_photoshop_malformed_and_multiple(self) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/app13-multiple.jpg") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
             assert "photoshop" in im.info
             assert 24 == len(im.info["photoshop"])
             apps_13_lengths = [len(v) for k, v in im.applist if k == "APP13"]
@@ -1084,6 +1093,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
     def test_deprecation(self) -> None:
         with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
             with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
                 assert im.huffman_ac == {}
             with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):

Tests/test_file_jpeg2k.py

@@ -228,12 +228,14 @@ def test_layers(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
     out.seek(0)
 
     with Image.open(out) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, Jpeg2KImagePlugin.Jpeg2KImageFile)
         im.layers = 1
         im.load()
         assert_image_similar(im, card, 13)
 
     out.seek(0)
     with Image.open(out) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, Jpeg2KImagePlugin.Jpeg2KImageFile)
         im.layers = 3
         im.load()
         assert_image_similar(im, card, 0.4)

Tests/test_file_libtiff.py

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ class LibTiffTestCase:
         im.load()
         im.getdata()
 
+        assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert im._compression == "group4"
 
         # can we write it back out, in a different form.
@@ -153,6 +154,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         """Test metadata writing through libtiff"""
         f = tmp_path / "temp.tiff"
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_g4.tif") as img:
+            assert isinstance(img, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             img.save(f, tiffinfo=img.tag)
 
             if legacy_api:
@@ -170,6 +172,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         ]
 
         with Image.open(f) as loaded:
+            assert isinstance(loaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             if legacy_api:
                 reloaded = loaded.tag.named()
             else:
@@ -212,6 +215,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         # Exclude ones that have special meaning
         # that we're already testing them
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_g4.tif") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             for tag in im.tag_v2:
                 try:
                     del core_items[tag]
@@ -317,6 +321,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
             im.save(out, tiffinfo=tiffinfo)
 
             with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+                assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
                 for tag, value in tiffinfo.items():
                     reloaded_value = reloaded.tag_v2[tag]
                     if (
@@ -349,12 +354,14 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
     def test_osubfiletype(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         outfile = tmp_path / "temp.tif"
         with Image.open("Tests/images/g4_orientation_6.tif") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             im.tag_v2[OSUBFILETYPE] = 1
             im.save(outfile)
 
     def test_subifd(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         outfile = tmp_path / "temp.tif"
         with Image.open("Tests/images/g4_orientation_6.tif") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             im.tag_v2[SUBIFD] = 10000
 
             # Should not segfault
@@ -369,6 +376,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         hopper().save(out, tiffinfo={700: b"xmlpacket tag"})
 
         with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+            assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             if 700 in reloaded.tag_v2:
                 assert reloaded.tag_v2[700] == b"xmlpacket tag"
 
@@ -430,12 +438,15 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         """Tests String data in info directory"""
         test_file = "Tests/images/hopper_g4_500.tif"
         with Image.open(test_file) as orig:
+            assert isinstance(orig, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
+
             out = tmp_path / "temp.tif"
 
             orig.tag[269] = "temp.tif"
             orig.save(out)
 
         with Image.open(out) as reread:
+            assert isinstance(reread, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert "temp.tif" == reread.tag_v2[269]
             assert "temp.tif" == reread.tag[269][0]
 
@@ -541,6 +552,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
 
         with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
             # colormap/palette tag
+            assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert len(reloaded.tag_v2[320]) == 768
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("compression", ("tiff_ccitt", "group3", "group4"))
@@ -572,6 +584,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/multipage.tiff") as im:
             # file is a multipage tiff,  10x10 green, 10x10 red, 20x20 blue
 
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             im.seek(0)
             assert im.size == (10, 10)
             assert im.convert("RGB").getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 0)
@@ -591,6 +604,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         # issue #862
         monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "READ_LIBTIFF", True)
         with Image.open("Tests/images/multipage.tiff") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             frames = im.n_frames
             assert frames == 3
             for _ in range(frames):
@@ -610,6 +624,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
     def test__next(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "READ_LIBTIFF", True)
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.tif") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert not im.tag.next
             im.load()
             assert not im.tag.next
@@ -690,21 +705,25 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         im.save(outfile, compression="jpeg")
 
         with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
+            assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert reloaded.tag_v2[530] == (1, 1)
             assert reloaded.tag_v2[532] == (0, 255, 128, 255, 128, 255)
 
     def test_exif_ifd(self) -> None:
         out = io.BytesIO()
         with Image.open("Tests/images/tiff_adobe_deflate.tif") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert im.tag_v2[34665] == 125456
             im.save(out, "TIFF")
 
             with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+                assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
                 assert 34665 not in reloaded.tag_v2
 
             im.save(out, "TIFF", tiffinfo={34665: 125456})
 
         with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+            assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             if Image.core.libtiff_support_custom_tags:
                 assert reloaded.tag_v2[34665] == 125456
 
@@ -786,6 +805,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
 
     def test_multipage_compression(self) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/compression.tif") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             im.seek(0)
             assert im._compression == "tiff_ccitt"
             assert im.size == (10, 10)
@@ -1026,6 +1046,17 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.tif") as im:
             assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.png")
 
+    def test_old_style_jpeg_orientation(self) -> None:
+        with open("Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.tif", "rb") as fp:
+            data = fp.read()
+
+        # Set EXIF Orientation to 2
+        data = data[:102] + b"\x02" + data[103:]
+
+        with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
+            im = im.transpose(Image.Transpose.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
+        assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.png")
+
     def test_open_missing_samplesperpixel(self) -> None:
         with Image.open(
             "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression-no-samplesperpixel.tif"
@@ -1079,6 +1110,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/g4_orientation_1.tif") as base_im:
             for i in range(2, 9):
                 with Image.open("Tests/images/g4_orientation_" + str(i) + ".tif") as im:
+                    assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
                     assert 274 in im.tag_v2
 
                     im.load()

Tests/test_file_mic.py

@@ -30,11 +30,13 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 def test_n_frames() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, MicImagePlugin.MicImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 1
 
 
 def test_is_animated() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, MicImagePlugin.MicImageFile)
         assert not im.is_animated
 
 
@@ -55,10 +57,11 @@ def test_seek() -> None:
 
 def test_close() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
-        pass
+        assert isinstance(im, MicImagePlugin.MicImageFile)
     assert im.ole.fp.closed
 
     im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+    assert isinstance(im, MicImagePlugin.MicImageFile)
     im.close()
     assert im.ole.fp.closed
 

Tests/test_file_mpo.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image, ImageFile, MpoImagePlugin
+from PIL import Image, ImageFile, JpegImagePlugin, MpoImagePlugin
 
 from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal,
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ def test_context_manager() -> None:
 def test_app(test_file: str) -> None:
     # Test APP/COM reader (@PIL135)
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, MpoImagePlugin.MpoImageFile)
         assert im.applist[0][0] == "APP1"
         assert im.applist[1][0] == "APP2"
         assert im.applist[1][1].startswith(
@@ -220,12 +221,14 @@ def test_seek(test_file: str) -> None:
 
 def test_n_frames() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/sugarshack.mpo") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, MpoImagePlugin.MpoImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 2
         assert im.is_animated
 
 
 def test_eoferror() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/sugarshack.mpo") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, MpoImagePlugin.MpoImageFile)
         n_frames = im.n_frames
 
         # Test seeking past the last frame
@@ -239,6 +242,8 @@ def test_eoferror() -> None:
 
 def test_adopt_jpeg() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.jpg") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
+
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             MpoImagePlugin.MpoImageFile.adopt(im)
 

Tests/test_file_palm.py

@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ def roundtrip(tmp_path: Path, mode: str) -> None:
 
     im.save(outfile)
     converted = open_with_magick(magick, tmp_path, outfile)
+    if mode == "P":
+        assert converted.mode == "P"
+
+        im = im.convert("RGB")
+        converted = converted.convert("RGB")
     assert_image_equal(converted, im)
 
 
@@ -55,7 +60,6 @@ def test_monochrome(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     roundtrip(tmp_path, mode)
 
 
-@pytest.mark.xfail(reason="Palm P image is wrong")
 def test_p_mode(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # Arrange
     mode = "P"

Tests/test_file_png.py

@@ -576,6 +576,7 @@ class TestFilePng:
 
     def test_read_private_chunks(self) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/exif.png") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
             assert im.private_chunks == [(b"orNT", b"\x01")]
 
     def test_roundtrip_private_chunk(self) -> None:
@@ -598,6 +599,7 @@ class TestFilePng:
 
     def test_textual_chunks_after_idat(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.png") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
             assert "comment" in im.text
             for k, v in {
                 "date:create": "2014-09-04T09:37:08+03:00",
@@ -607,15 +609,19 @@ class TestFilePng:
 
         # Raises a SyntaxError in load_end
         with Image.open("Tests/images/broken_data_stream.png") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
             with pytest.raises(OSError):
                 assert isinstance(im.text, dict)
 
         # Raises an EOFError in load_end
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_idat_after_image_end.png") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
             assert im.text == {"TXT": "VALUE", "ZIP": "VALUE"}
 
         # Raises a UnicodeDecodeError in load_end
         with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_image.png") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
+
             # The file is truncated
             with pytest.raises(OSError):
                 im.text
@@ -726,6 +732,7 @@ class TestFilePng:
             im.save(test_file)
 
         with Image.open(test_file) as reloaded:
+            assert isinstance(reloaded, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
             assert reloaded._getexif() is None
 
         # Test passing in exif

Tests/test_file_psd.py

@@ -59,17 +59,21 @@ def test_invalid_file() -> None:
 
 def test_n_frames() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_merged.psd") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PsdImagePlugin.PsdImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 1
         assert not im.is_animated
 
     for path in [test_file, "Tests/images/negative_layer_count.psd"]:
         with Image.open(path) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, PsdImagePlugin.PsdImageFile)
             assert im.n_frames == 2
             assert im.is_animated
 
 
 def test_eoferror() -> None:
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PsdImagePlugin.PsdImageFile)
+
         # PSD seek index starts at 1 rather than 0
         n_frames = im.n_frames + 1
 
@@ -119,11 +123,13 @@ def test_rgba() -> None:
 
 def test_negative_top_left_layer() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/negative_top_left_layer.psd") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PsdImagePlugin.PsdImageFile)
         assert im.layers[0][2] == (-50, -50, 50, 50)
 
 
 def test_layer_skip() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/five_channels.psd") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PsdImagePlugin.PsdImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 1
 
 
@@ -175,5 +181,6 @@ def test_crashes(test_file: str, raises: type[Exception]) -> None:
 def test_layer_crashes(test_file: str) -> None:
     with open(test_file, "rb") as f:
         with Image.open(f) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, PsdImagePlugin.PsdImageFile)
             with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
                 im.layers

Tests/test_file_sgi.py

@@ -71,8 +71,7 @@ def test_invalid_file() -> None:
         SgiImagePlugin.SgiImageFile(invalid_file)
 
 
-def test_write(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    def roundtrip(img: Image.Image) -> None:
+def roundtrip(img: Image.Image, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     out = tmp_path / "temp.sgi"
     img.save(out, format="sgi")
     assert_image_equal_tofile(img, out)
@@ -84,11 +83,14 @@ def test_write(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
         assert not fp.closed
 
-    for mode in ("L", "RGB", "RGBA"):
-        roundtrip(hopper(mode))
 
-    # Test 1 dimension for an L mode image
-    roundtrip(Image.new("L", (10, 1)))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "RGB", "RGBA"))
+def test_write(mode: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    roundtrip(hopper(mode), tmp_path)
+
+
+def test_write_L_mode_1_dimension(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    roundtrip(Image.new("L", (10, 1)), tmp_path)
 
 
 def test_write16(tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_spider.py

@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ def test_tell() -> None:
 
 def test_n_frames() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, SpiderImagePlugin.SpiderImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 1
         assert not im.is_animated
 

Tests/test_file_tga.py

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
-from glob import glob
-from itertools import product
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
@@ -15,14 +13,27 @@ _TGA_DIR = os.path.join("Tests", "images", "tga")
 _TGA_DIR_COMMON = os.path.join(_TGA_DIR, "common")
 
 
-_MODES = ("L", "LA", "P", "RGB", "RGBA")
 _ORIGINS = ("tl", "bl")
 
 _ORIGIN_TO_ORIENTATION = {"tl": 1, "bl": -1}
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", _MODES)
-def test_sanity(mode: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "size_mode",
+    (
+        ("1x1", "L"),
+        ("200x32", "L"),
+        ("200x32", "LA"),
+        ("200x32", "P"),
+        ("200x32", "RGB"),
+        ("200x32", "RGBA"),
+    ),
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("origin", _ORIGINS)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("rle", (True, False))
+def test_sanity(
+    size_mode: tuple[str, str], origin: str, rle: str, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
     def roundtrip(original_im: Image.Image) -> None:
         out = tmp_path / "temp.tga"
 
@@ -36,27 +47,20 @@ def test_sanity(mode: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
             assert_image_equal(saved_im, original_im)
 
-    png_paths = glob(os.path.join(_TGA_DIR_COMMON, f"*x*_{mode.lower()}.png"))
-
-    for png_path in png_paths:
+    size, mode = size_mode
+    png_path = os.path.join(_TGA_DIR_COMMON, size + "_" + mode.lower() + ".png")
     with Image.open(png_path) as reference_im:
         assert reference_im.mode == mode
 
         path_no_ext = os.path.splitext(png_path)[0]
-            for origin, rle in product(_ORIGINS, (True, False)):
-                tga_path = "{}_{}_{}.tga".format(
-                    path_no_ext, origin, "rle" if rle else "raw"
-                )
+        tga_path = "{}_{}_{}.tga".format(path_no_ext, origin, "rle" if rle else "raw")
 
         with Image.open(tga_path) as original_im:
             assert original_im.format == "TGA"
             assert original_im.get_format_mimetype() == "image/x-tga"
             if rle:
                 assert original_im.info["compression"] == "tga_rle"
-                    assert (
-                        original_im.info["orientation"]
-                        == _ORIGIN_TO_ORIENTATION[origin]
-                    )
+            assert original_im.info["orientation"] == _ORIGIN_TO_ORIENTATION[origin]
             if mode == "P":
                 assert original_im.getpalette() == reference_im.getpalette()
 

Tests/test_file_tiff.py

@@ -9,7 +9,13 @@ from types import ModuleType
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image, ImageFile, TiffImagePlugin, UnidentifiedImageError
+from PIL import (
+    Image,
+    ImageFile,
+    JpegImagePlugin,
+    TiffImagePlugin,
+    UnidentifiedImageError,
+)
 from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import RESOLUTION_UNIT, X_RESOLUTION, Y_RESOLUTION
 
 from .helper import (
@@ -113,6 +119,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
 
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif") as im:
             outfile = tmp_path / "temp.tif"
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im], tiffinfo=im.tag_v2)
 
     def test_bigtiff_save(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -121,11 +128,13 @@ class TestFileTiff:
         im.save(outfile, big_tiff=True)
 
         with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
+            assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert reloaded.tag_v2._bigtiff is True
 
         im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im], big_tiff=True)
 
         with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
+            assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert reloaded.tag_v2._bigtiff is True
 
     def test_seek_too_large(self) -> None:
@@ -140,6 +149,8 @@ class TestFileTiff:
     def test_xyres_tiff(self) -> None:
         filename = "Tests/images/pil168.tif"
         with Image.open(filename) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
+
             # legacy api
             assert isinstance(im.tag[X_RESOLUTION][0], tuple)
             assert isinstance(im.tag[Y_RESOLUTION][0], tuple)
@@ -153,6 +164,8 @@ class TestFileTiff:
     def test_xyres_fallback_tiff(self) -> None:
         filename = "Tests/images/compression.tif"
         with Image.open(filename) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
+
             # v2 api
             assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)
             assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION], TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational)
@@ -167,6 +180,8 @@ class TestFileTiff:
     def test_int_resolution(self) -> None:
         filename = "Tests/images/pil168.tif"
         with Image.open(filename) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
+
             # Try to read a file where X,Y_RESOLUTION are ints
             im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] = 71
             im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] = 71
@@ -181,6 +196,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
         with Image.open(
             "Tests/images/hopper_float_dpi_" + str(resolution_unit) + ".tif"
         ) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert im.tag_v2.get(RESOLUTION_UNIT) == resolution_unit
             assert im.info["dpi"] == (dpi, dpi)
 
@@ -198,6 +214,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/10ct_32bit_128.tiff") as im:
             im.save(b, format="tiff", resolution=123.45)
         with Image.open(b) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert im.tag_v2[X_RESOLUTION] == 123.45
             assert im.tag_v2[Y_RESOLUTION] == 123.45
 
@@ -213,10 +230,12 @@ class TestFileTiff:
         TiffImagePlugin.PREFIXES.pop()
 
     def test_bad_exif(self) -> None:
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_bad_exif.jpg") as i:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_bad_exif.jpg") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
+
             # Should not raise struct.error.
             with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
-                i._getexif()
+                im._getexif()
 
     def test_save_rgba(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im = hopper("RGBA")
@@ -307,11 +326,13 @@ class TestFileTiff:
     )
     def test_n_frames(self, path: str, n_frames: int) -> None:
         with Image.open(path) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert im.n_frames == n_frames
             assert im.is_animated == (n_frames != 1)
 
     def test_eoferror(self) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             n_frames = im.n_frames
 
             # Test seeking past the last frame
@@ -355,19 +376,24 @@ class TestFileTiff:
     def test_frame_order(self) -> None:
         # A frame can't progress to itself after reading
         with Image.open("Tests/images/multipage_single_frame_loop.tiff") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert im.n_frames == 1
 
         # A frame can't progress to a frame that has already been read
         with Image.open("Tests/images/multipage_multiple_frame_loop.tiff") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert im.n_frames == 2
 
         # Frames don't have to be in sequence
         with Image.open("Tests/images/multipage_out_of_order.tiff") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert im.n_frames == 3
 
     def test___str__(self) -> None:
         filename = "Tests/images/pil136.tiff"
         with Image.open(filename) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
+
             # Act
             ret = str(im.ifd)
 
@@ -378,6 +404,8 @@ class TestFileTiff:
         # Arrange
         filename = "Tests/images/pil136.tiff"
         with Image.open(filename) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
+
             # v2 interface
             v2_tags = {
                 256: 55,
@@ -417,6 +445,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
     def test__delitem__(self) -> None:
         filename = "Tests/images/pil136.tiff"
         with Image.open(filename) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             len_before = len(dict(im.ifd))
             del im.ifd[256]
             len_after = len(dict(im.ifd))
@@ -449,6 +478,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
 
     def test_ifd_tag_type(self) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/ifd_tag_type.tiff") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert 0x8825 in im.tag_v2
 
     def test_exif(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -537,6 +567,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
         im = hopper(mode)
         im.save(filename, tiffinfo={262: 0})
         with Image.open(filename) as reloaded:
+            assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert reloaded.tag_v2[262] == 0
             assert_image_equal(im, reloaded)
 
@@ -615,6 +646,8 @@ class TestFileTiff:
         filename = tmp_path / "temp.tif"
         hopper("RGB").save(filename, "TIFF", **kwargs)
         with Image.open(filename) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
+
             # legacy interface
             assert im.tag[X_RESOLUTION][0][0] == 72
             assert im.tag[Y_RESOLUTION][0][0] == 36
@@ -701,6 +734,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
     def test_planar_configuration_save(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         infile = "Tests/images/tiff_tiled_planar_raw.tif"
         with Image.open(infile) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert im._planar_configuration == 2
 
             outfile = tmp_path / "temp.tif"
@@ -733,6 +767,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
 
         mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
         with Image.open(mp) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert im.n_frames == 3
 
         # Test appending images
@@ -743,6 +778,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
 
         mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
         with Image.open(mp) as reread:
+            assert isinstance(reread, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert reread.n_frames == 3
 
         # Test appending using a generator
@@ -754,6 +790,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
 
         mp.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
         with Image.open(mp) as reread:
+            assert isinstance(reread, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert reread.n_frames == 3
 
     def test_save_all_progress(self) -> None:
@@ -915,6 +952,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
 
     def test_get_photoshop_blocks(self) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/lab.tif") as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert list(im.get_photoshop_blocks().keys()) == [
                 1061,
                 1002,

Tests/test_file_tiff_metadata.py

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ def test_rt_metadata(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     img.save(f, tiffinfo=info)
 
     with Image.open(f) as loaded:
+        assert isinstance(loaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert loaded.tag[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (len(bin_data),)
         assert loaded.tag_v2[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (len(bin_data),)
 
@@ -80,12 +81,14 @@ def test_rt_metadata(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     info[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] = (8, len(bin_data) - 8)
     img.save(f, tiffinfo=info)
     with Image.open(f) as loaded:
+        assert isinstance(loaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert loaded.tag[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (8, len(bin_data) - 8)
         assert loaded.tag_v2[ImageJMetaDataByteCounts] == (8, len(bin_data) - 8)
 
 
 def test_read_metadata() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_g4.tif") as img:
+        assert isinstance(img, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert {
             "YResolution": IFDRational(4294967295, 113653537),
             "PlanarConfiguration": 1,
@@ -128,6 +131,7 @@ def test_read_metadata() -> None:
 def test_write_metadata(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """Test metadata writing through the python code"""
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.tif") as img:
+        assert isinstance(img, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         f = tmp_path / "temp.tiff"
         del img.tag[278]
         img.save(f, tiffinfo=img.tag)
@@ -135,6 +139,7 @@ def test_write_metadata(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         original = img.tag_v2.named()
 
     with Image.open(f) as loaded:
+        assert isinstance(loaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         reloaded = loaded.tag_v2.named()
 
     ignored = ["StripByteCounts", "RowsPerStrip", "PageNumber", "StripOffsets"]
@@ -165,6 +170,7 @@ def test_write_metadata(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 def test_change_stripbytecounts_tag_type(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     out = tmp_path / "temp.tiff"
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.tif") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         info = im.tag_v2
         del info[278]
 
@@ -178,6 +184,7 @@ def test_change_stripbytecounts_tag_type(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert reloaded.tag_v2.tagtype[TiffImagePlugin.STRIPBYTECOUNTS] == TiffTags.LONG
 
 
@@ -231,6 +238,7 @@ def test_writing_other_types_to_ascii(
     im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert reloaded.tag_v2[271] == expected
 
 
@@ -248,6 +256,7 @@ def test_writing_other_types_to_bytes(value: int | IFDRational, tmp_path: Path)
     im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert reloaded.tag_v2[700] == b"\x01"
 
 
@@ -267,6 +276,7 @@ def test_writing_other_types_to_undefined(
     im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert reloaded.tag_v2[33723] == b"1"
 
 
@@ -311,6 +321,7 @@ def test_iccprofile_binary() -> None:
     # but probably won't be able to save it.
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.iccprofile_binary.tif") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert im.tag_v2.tagtype[34675] == 1
         assert im.info["icc_profile"]
 
@@ -336,6 +347,7 @@ def test_exif_div_zero(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression="raw")
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert 0 == reloaded.tag_v2[41988].numerator
         assert 0 == reloaded.tag_v2[41988].denominator
 
@@ -355,6 +367,7 @@ def test_ifd_unsigned_rational(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression="raw")
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert max_long == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].numerator
         assert 1 == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].denominator
 
@@ -367,6 +380,7 @@ def test_ifd_unsigned_rational(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression="raw")
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert max_long == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].numerator
         assert 1 == reloaded.tag_v2[41493].denominator
 
@@ -385,6 +399,7 @@ def test_ifd_signed_rational(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression="raw")
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert numerator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator
         assert denominator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator
 
@@ -397,6 +412,7 @@ def test_ifd_signed_rational(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression="raw")
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert numerator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator
         assert denominator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator
 
@@ -410,6 +426,7 @@ def test_ifd_signed_rational(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression="raw")
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert 2**31 - 1 == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator
         assert -1 == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator
 
@@ -424,6 +441,7 @@ def test_ifd_signed_long(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression="raw")
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert reloaded.tag_v2[37000] == -60000
 
 
@@ -444,11 +462,13 @@ def test_empty_values() -> None:
 
 def test_photoshop_info(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/issue_2278.tif") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert len(im.tag_v2[34377]) == 70
         assert isinstance(im.tag_v2[34377], bytes)
         out = tmp_path / "temp.tiff"
         im.save(out)
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert len(reloaded.tag_v2[34377]) == 70
         assert isinstance(reloaded.tag_v2[34377], bytes)
 

Tests/test_file_webp_animated.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import pytest
 from packaging.version import parse as parse_version
 
-from PIL import Image, features
+from PIL import GifImagePlugin, Image, WebPImagePlugin, features
 
 from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal,
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@ def test_n_frames() -> None:
     """Ensure that WebP format sets n_frames and is_animated attributes correctly."""
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.webp") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, WebPImagePlugin.WebPImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 1
         assert not im.is_animated
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.webp") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, WebPImagePlugin.WebPImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 42
         assert im.is_animated
 
@@ -37,11 +39,13 @@ def test_write_animation_L(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as orig:
+        assert isinstance(orig, GifImagePlugin.GifImageFile)
         assert orig.n_frames > 1
 
         temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.webp"
         orig.save(temp_file, save_all=True)
         with Image.open(temp_file) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, WebPImagePlugin.WebPImageFile)
             assert im.n_frames == orig.n_frames
 
             # Compare first and last frames to the original animated GIF
@@ -69,6 +73,7 @@ def test_write_animation_RGB(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
     def check(temp_file: Path) -> None:
         with Image.open(temp_file) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, WebPImagePlugin.WebPImageFile)
             assert im.n_frames == 2
 
             # Compare first frame to original
@@ -127,6 +132,7 @@ def test_timestamp_and_duration(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             )
 
     with Image.open(temp_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, WebPImagePlugin.WebPImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 5
         assert im.is_animated
 
@@ -170,6 +176,7 @@ def test_seeking(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             )
 
     with Image.open(temp_file) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, WebPImagePlugin.WebPImageFile)
         assert im.n_frames == 5
         assert im.is_animated
 

Tests/test_file_webp_metadata.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from types import ModuleType
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image
+from PIL import Image, WebPImagePlugin
 
 from .helper import mark_if_feature_version, skip_unless_feature
 
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ def test_read_no_exif() -> None:
 
     test_buffer.seek(0)
     with Image.open(test_buffer) as webp_image:
+        assert isinstance(webp_image, WebPImagePlugin.WebPImageFile)
         assert not webp_image._getexif()
 
 

Tests/test_file_wmf.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageFile, WmfImagePlugin
 
-from .helper import assert_image_similar_tofile, hopper
+from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile, assert_image_similar_tofile, hopper
 
 
 def test_load_raw() -> None:
@@ -44,6 +44,15 @@ def test_load_zero_inch() -> None:
             pass
 
 
+def test_render() -> None:
+    with open("Tests/images/drawing.emf", "rb") as fp:
+        data = fp.read()
+    b = BytesIO(data[:808] + b"\x00" + data[809:])
+    with Image.open(b) as im:
+        if hasattr(Image.core, "drawwmf"):
+            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/drawing.emf")
+
+
 def test_register_handler(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     class TestHandler(ImageFile.StubHandler):
         methodCalled = False
@@ -80,6 +89,7 @@ def test_load_float_dpi() -> None:
 
 def test_load_set_dpi() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/drawing.wmf") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, WmfImagePlugin.WmfStubImageFile)
         assert im.size == (82, 82)
 
         if hasattr(Image.core, "drawwmf"):
@@ -88,6 +98,22 @@ def test_load_set_dpi() -> None:
 
             assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/drawing_wmf_ref_144.png", 2.1)
 
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/drawing.emf") as im:
+        assert im.size == (1625, 1625)
+
+        if not hasattr(Image.core, "drawwmf"):
+            return
+        assert isinstance(im, WmfImagePlugin.WmfStubImageFile)
+        im.load(im.info["dpi"])
+        assert im.size == (1625, 1625)
+
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/drawing.emf") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, WmfImagePlugin.WmfStubImageFile)
+        im.load((72, 144))
+        assert im.size == (82, 164)
+
+        assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/drawing_emf_ref_72_144.png")
+
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("ext", (".wmf", ".emf"))
 def test_save(ext: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_xpm.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ def test_invalid_file() -> None:
 def test_load_read() -> None:
     # Arrange
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, XpmImagePlugin.XpmImageFile)
         dummy_bytes = 1
 
         # Act

Tests/test_image.py

@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ class TestImage:
                 assert_image_similar(im, reloaded, 20)
 
     def test_unknown_extension(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        im = hopper()
         temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.unknown"
+        with hopper() as im:
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                 im.save(temp_file)
 
@@ -258,6 +258,15 @@ class TestImage:
             assert im.readonly
             im.save(temp_file)
 
+    def test_save_without_changing_readonly(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.bmp"
+
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/rgb32bf-rgba.bmp") as im:
+            assert im.readonly
+
+            im.save(temp_file)
+            assert im.readonly
+
     def test_dump(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im = Image.new("L", (10, 10))
         im._dump(str(tmp_path / "temp_L.ppm"))

Tests/test_imagedraw.py

@@ -1704,7 +1704,7 @@ def test_discontiguous_corners_polygon() -> None:
         BLACK,
     )
     expected = os.path.join(IMAGES_PATH, "discontiguous_corners_polygon.png")
-    assert_image_similar_tofile(img, expected, 1)
+    assert_image_equal_tofile(img, expected)
 
 
 def test_polygon2() -> None:

Tests/test_imagefile.py

@@ -131,6 +131,26 @@ class TestImageFile:
 
         assert_image_equal(im1, im2)
 
+    def test_tile_size(self) -> None:
+        with open("Tests/images/hopper.tif", "rb") as im_fp:
+            data = im_fp.read()
+
+        reads = []
+
+        class FP(BytesIO):
+            def read(self, size: int | None = None) -> bytes:
+                reads.append(size)
+                return super().read(size)
+
+        fp = FP(data)
+        with Image.open(fp) as im:
+            assert len(im.tile) == 7
+
+            im.load()
+
+        # Despite multiple tiles, assert only one tile caused a read of maxblock size
+        assert reads.count(im.decodermaxblock) == 1
+
     def test_raise_oserror(self) -> None:
         with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
             with pytest.raises(OSError):

Tests/test_imagegrab.py

@@ -40,8 +40,11 @@ class TestImageGrab:
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(Image.core.HAVE_XCB, reason="tests missing XCB")
     def test_grab_no_xcb(self) -> None:
-        if sys.platform not in ("win32", "darwin") and not shutil.which(
-            "gnome-screenshot"
+        if (
+            sys.platform not in ("win32", "darwin")
+            and not shutil.which("gnome-screenshot")
+            and not shutil.which("grim")
+            and not shutil.which("spectacle")
         ):
             with pytest.raises(OSError) as e:
                 ImageGrab.grab()
@@ -57,6 +60,13 @@ class TestImageGrab:
             ImageGrab.grab(xdisplay="error.test:0.0")
         assert str(e.value).startswith("X connection failed")
 
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform != "win32", reason="Windows only")
+    def test_grab_invalid_handle(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(OSError, match="unable to get device context for handle"):
+            ImageGrab.grab(window=-1)
+        with pytest.raises(OSError, match="screen grab failed"):
+            ImageGrab.grab(window=0)
+
     def test_grabclipboard(self) -> None:
         if sys.platform == "darwin":
             subprocess.call(["screencapture", "-cx"])

Tests/test_imagesequence.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image, ImageSequence, TiffImagePlugin
+from PIL import Image, ImageSequence, PsdImagePlugin, TiffImagePlugin
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper, skip_unless_feature
 
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ def test_sanity(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 def test_iterator() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/multipage.tiff") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         i = ImageSequence.Iterator(im)
         for index in range(im.n_frames):
             assert i[index] == next(i)
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ def test_iterator() -> None:
 
 def test_iterator_min_frame() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.psd") as im:
+        assert isinstance(im, PsdImagePlugin.PsdImageFile)
         i = ImageSequence.Iterator(im)
         for index in range(1, im.n_frames):
             assert i[index] == next(i)

Tests/test_pickle.py

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ def test_pickle_jpeg() -> None:
         unpickled_image = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(image))
 
     # Assert
+    assert unpickled_image.filename == "Tests/images/hopper.jpg"
     assert len(unpickled_image.layer) == 3
     assert unpickled_image.layers == 3
 

Tests/test_pyarrow.py

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any  # undone
+
+import pytest
+
+from PIL import Image
+
+from .helper import (
+    assert_deep_equal,
+    assert_image_equal,
+    hopper,
+)
+
+pyarrow = pytest.importorskip("pyarrow", reason="PyArrow not installed")
+
+TEST_IMAGE_SIZE = (10, 10)
+
+
+def _test_img_equals_pyarray(
+    img: Image.Image, arr: Any, mask: list[int] | None
+) -> None:
+    assert img.height * img.width == len(arr)
+    px = img.load()
+    assert px is not None
+    for x in range(0, img.size[0], int(img.size[0] / 10)):
+        for y in range(0, img.size[1], int(img.size[1] / 10)):
+            if mask:
+                for ix, elt in enumerate(mask):
+                    pixel = px[x, y]
+                    assert isinstance(pixel, tuple)
+                    assert pixel[ix] == arr[y * img.width + x].as_py()[elt]
+            else:
+                assert_deep_equal(px[x, y], arr[y * img.width + x].as_py())
+
+
+# really hard to get a non-nullable list type
+fl_uint8_4_type = pyarrow.field(
+    "_", pyarrow.list_(pyarrow.field("_", pyarrow.uint8()).with_nullable(False), 4)
+).type
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "mode, dtype, mask",
+    (
+        ("L", pyarrow.uint8(), None),
+        ("I", pyarrow.int32(), None),
+        ("F", pyarrow.float32(), None),
+        ("LA", fl_uint8_4_type, [0, 3]),
+        ("RGB", fl_uint8_4_type, [0, 1, 2]),
+        ("RGBA", fl_uint8_4_type, None),
+        ("RGBX", fl_uint8_4_type, None),
+        ("CMYK", fl_uint8_4_type, None),
+        ("YCbCr", fl_uint8_4_type, [0, 1, 2]),
+        ("HSV", fl_uint8_4_type, [0, 1, 2]),
+    ),
+)
+def test_to_array(mode: str, dtype: Any, mask: list[int] | None) -> None:
+    img = hopper(mode)
+
+    # Resize to non-square
+    img = img.crop((3, 0, 124, 127))
+    assert img.size == (121, 127)
+
+    arr = pyarrow.array(img)
+    _test_img_equals_pyarray(img, arr, mask)
+    assert arr.type == dtype
+
+    reloaded = Image.fromarrow(arr, mode, img.size)
+
+    assert reloaded
+
+    assert_image_equal(img, reloaded)
+
+
+def test_lifetime() -> None:
+    # valgrind shouldn't error out here.
+    # arrays should be accessible after the image is deleted.
+
+    img = hopper("L")
+
+    arr_1 = pyarrow.array(img)
+    arr_2 = pyarrow.array(img)
+
+    del img
+
+    assert arr_1.sum().as_py() > 0
+    del arr_1
+
+    assert arr_2.sum().as_py() > 0
+    del arr_2
+
+
+def test_lifetime2() -> None:
+    # valgrind shouldn't error out here.
+    # img should remain after the arrays are collected.
+
+    img = hopper("L")
+
+    arr_1 = pyarrow.array(img)
+    arr_2 = pyarrow.array(img)
+
+    assert arr_1.sum().as_py() > 0
+    del arr_1
+
+    assert arr_2.sum().as_py() > 0
+    del arr_2
+
+    img2 = img.copy()
+    px = img2.load()
+    assert px  # make mypy happy
+    assert isinstance(px[0, 0], int)

Tests/test_pyroma.py

@@ -23,5 +23,11 @@ def test_pyroma() -> None:
         )
 
     else:
-        # Should have a perfect score
-        assert rating == (10, [])
+        # Should have a perfect score, but pyroma does not support PEP 639 yet.
+        assert rating == (
+            9,
+            [
+                "Your package does neither have a license field "
+                "nor any license classifiers."
+            ],
+        )

Tests/test_shell_injection.py

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ class TestShellInjection:
             shutil.copy(TEST_JPG, src_file)
 
             with Image.open(src_file) as im:
+                assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
                 im.load_djpeg()
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not cjpeg_available(), reason="cjpeg not available")

Tests/test_tiff_ifdrational.py

@@ -72,4 +72,5 @@ def test_ifd_rational_save(
     im.save(out, dpi=(res, res), compression="raw")
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         assert float(IFDRational(301, 1)) == float(reloaded.tag_v2[282])

depends/install_libavif.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -eo pipefail
+
+version=1.2.1
+
+./download-and-extract.sh libavif-$version https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif/archive/refs/tags/v$version.tar.gz
+
+pushd libavif-$version
+
+if [ $(uname) == "Darwin" ] && [ -x "$(command -v brew)" ]; then
+    PREFIX=$(brew --prefix)
+else
+    PREFIX=/usr
+fi
+
+PKGCONFIG=${PKGCONFIG:-pkg-config}
+
+LIBAVIF_CMAKE_FLAGS=()
+HAS_DECODER=0
+HAS_ENCODER=0
+
+if $PKGCONFIG --exists aom; then
+    LIBAVIF_CMAKE_FLAGS+=(-DAVIF_CODEC_AOM=SYSTEM)
+    HAS_ENCODER=1
+    HAS_DECODER=1
+fi
+
+if $PKGCONFIG --exists dav1d; then
+    LIBAVIF_CMAKE_FLAGS+=(-DAVIF_CODEC_DAV1D=SYSTEM)
+    HAS_DECODER=1
+fi
+
+if $PKGCONFIG --exists libgav1; then
+    LIBAVIF_CMAKE_FLAGS+=(-DAVIF_CODEC_LIBGAV1=SYSTEM)
+    HAS_DECODER=1
+fi
+
+if $PKGCONFIG --exists rav1e; then
+    LIBAVIF_CMAKE_FLAGS+=(-DAVIF_CODEC_RAV1E=SYSTEM)
+    HAS_ENCODER=1
+fi
+
+if $PKGCONFIG --exists SvtAv1Enc; then
+    LIBAVIF_CMAKE_FLAGS+=(-DAVIF_CODEC_SVT=SYSTEM)
+    HAS_ENCODER=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$HAS_ENCODER" != 1 ] || [ "$HAS_DECODER" != 1 ]; then
+    LIBAVIF_CMAKE_FLAGS+=(-DAVIF_CODEC_AOM=LOCAL)
+fi
+
+cmake \
+    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$PREFIX \
+    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR=$PREFIX/lib \
+    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+    -DCMAKE_MACOSX_RPATH=OFF \
+    -DAVIF_LIBSHARPYUV=LOCAL \
+    -DAVIF_LIBYUV=LOCAL \
+    "${LIBAVIF_CMAKE_FLAGS[@]}" \
+    .
+
+sudo make install
+
+popd

docs/Guardfile

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from livereload.compiler import shell
-from livereload.task import Task
-
-Task.add("*.rst", shell("make html"))
-Task.add("*/*.rst", shell("make html"))
-Task.add("Makefile", shell("make html"))
-Task.add("conf.py", shell("make html"))

docs/Makefile

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ help:
 	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
 	@echo "  html       to make standalone HTML files"
 	@echo "  htmlview   to open the index page built by the html target in your browser"
+	@echo "  htmllive   to rebuild and reload HTML files in your browser"
 	@echo "  serve      to start a local server for viewing docs"
-	@echo "  livehtml   to start a local server for viewing docs and auto-reload on change"
 	@echo "  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories"
 	@echo "  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file"
 	@echo "  pickle     to make pickle files"
@@ -201,9 +201,10 @@ doctest:
 htmlview: html
 	$(PYTHON) -c "import os, webbrowser; webbrowser.open('file://' + os.path.realpath('$(BUILDDIR)/html/index.html'))"
 
-.PHONY: livehtml
-livehtml: html
-	livereload $(BUILDDIR)/html -p 33233
+.PHONY: htmllive
+htmllive: SPHINXBUILD = $(PYTHON) -m sphinx_autobuild
+htmllive: SPHINXOPTS = --open-browser --delay 0
+htmllive: html
 
 .PHONY: serve
 serve:

docs/deprecations.rst

@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ ExifTags.IFD.Makernote
 Image.Image.get_child_images()
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-.. deprecated:: 11.2.0
+.. deprecated:: 11.2.1
 
 ``Image.Image.get_child_images()`` has been deprecated. and will be removed in Pillow
 13 (2026-10-15). It will be moved to ``ImageFile.ImageFile.get_child_images()``. The

docs/handbook/concepts.rst

@@ -30,35 +30,35 @@ image. Each pixel uses the full range of the bit depth. So a 1-bit pixel has a r
 INT32 and a 32-bit floating point pixel has the range of FLOAT32. The current release
 supports the following standard modes:
 
-    * ``1`` (1-bit pixels, black and white, stored with one pixel per byte)
-    * ``L`` (8-bit pixels, grayscale)
-    * ``P`` (8-bit pixels, mapped to any other mode using a color palette)
-    * ``RGB`` (3x8-bit pixels, true color)
-    * ``RGBA`` (4x8-bit pixels, true color with transparency mask)
-    * ``CMYK`` (4x8-bit pixels, color separation)
-    * ``YCbCr`` (3x8-bit pixels, color video format)
+* ``1`` (1-bit pixels, black and white, stored with one pixel per byte)
+* ``L`` (8-bit pixels, grayscale)
+* ``P`` (8-bit pixels, mapped to any other mode using a color palette)
+* ``RGB`` (3x8-bit pixels, true color)
+* ``RGBA`` (4x8-bit pixels, true color with transparency mask)
+* ``CMYK`` (4x8-bit pixels, color separation)
+* ``YCbCr`` (3x8-bit pixels, color video format)
 
   * Note that this refers to the JPEG, and not the ITU-R BT.2020, standard
 
-    * ``LAB`` (3x8-bit pixels, the L*a*b color space)
-    * ``HSV`` (3x8-bit pixels, Hue, Saturation, Value color space)
+* ``LAB`` (3x8-bit pixels, the L*a*b color space)
+* ``HSV`` (3x8-bit pixels, Hue, Saturation, Value color space)
 
   * Hue's range of 0-255 is a scaled version of 0 degrees <= Hue < 360 degrees
 
-    * ``I`` (32-bit signed integer pixels)
-    * ``F`` (32-bit floating point pixels)
+* ``I`` (32-bit signed integer pixels)
+* ``F`` (32-bit floating point pixels)
 
 Pillow also provides limited support for a few additional modes, including:
 
-    * ``LA`` (L with alpha)
-    * ``PA`` (P with alpha)
-    * ``RGBX`` (true color with padding)
-    * ``RGBa`` (true color with premultiplied alpha)
-    * ``La`` (L with premultiplied alpha)
-    * ``I;16`` (16-bit unsigned integer pixels)
-    * ``I;16L`` (16-bit little endian unsigned integer pixels)
-    * ``I;16B`` (16-bit big endian unsigned integer pixels)
-    * ``I;16N`` (16-bit native endian unsigned integer pixels)
+* ``LA`` (L with alpha)
+* ``PA`` (P with alpha)
+* ``RGBX`` (true color with padding)
+* ``RGBa`` (true color with premultiplied alpha)
+* ``La`` (L with premultiplied alpha)
+* ``I;16`` (16-bit unsigned integer pixels)
+* ``I;16L`` (16-bit little endian unsigned integer pixels)
+* ``I;16B`` (16-bit big endian unsigned integer pixels)
+* ``I;16N`` (16-bit native endian unsigned integer pixels)
 
 Premultiplied alpha is where the values for each other channel have been
 multiplied by the alpha. For example, an RGBA pixel of ``(10, 20, 30, 127)``

docs/handbook/image-file-formats.rst

@@ -24,6 +24,83 @@ present, and the :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.format` attribute will be ``None``.
 Fully supported formats
 -----------------------
 
+AVIF
+^^^^
+
+Pillow reads and writes AVIF files, including AVIF sequence images.
+It is only possible to save 8-bit AVIF images, and all AVIF images are decoded
+as 8-bit RGB(A).
+
+The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method supports the following options:
+
+**quality**
+    Integer, 0-100, defaults to 75. 0 gives the smallest size and poorest
+    quality, 100 the largest size and best quality.
+
+**subsampling**
+    If present, sets the subsampling for the encoder. Defaults to ``4:2:0``.
+    Options include:
+
+    * ``4:0:0``
+    * ``4:2:0``
+    * ``4:2:2``
+    * ``4:4:4``
+
+**speed**
+    Quality/speed trade-off (0=slower/better, 10=fastest). Defaults to 6.
+
+**max_threads**
+    Limit the number of active threads used. By default, there is no limit. If the aom
+    codec is used, there is a maximum of 64.
+
+**range**
+    YUV range, either "full" or "limited". Defaults to "full".
+
+**codec**
+    AV1 codec to use for encoding. Specific values are "aom", "rav1e", and
+    "svt", presuming the chosen codec is available. Defaults to "auto", which
+    will choose the first available codec in the order of the preceding list.
+
+**tile_rows** / **tile_cols**
+    For tile encoding, the (log 2) number of tile rows and columns to use.
+    Valid values are 0-6, default 0. Ignored if "autotiling" is set to true.
+
+**autotiling**
+    Split the image up to allow parallelization. Enabled automatically if "tile_rows"
+    and "tile_cols" both have their default values of zero.
+
+**alpha_premultiplied**
+    Encode the image with premultiplied alpha. Defaults to ``False``.
+
+**advanced**
+    Codec specific options.
+
+**icc_profile**
+    The ICC Profile to include in the saved file.
+
+**exif**
+    The exif data to include in the saved file.
+
+**xmp**
+    The XMP data to include in the saved file.
+
+Saving sequences
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When calling :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` to write an AVIF file, by default
+only the first frame of a multiframe image will be saved. If the ``save_all``
+argument is present and true, then all frames will be saved, and the following
+options will also be available.
+
+**append_images**
+    A list of images to append as additional frames. Each of the
+    images in the list can be single or multiframe images.
+
+**duration**
+    The display duration of each frame, in milliseconds. Pass a single
+    integer for a constant duration, or a list or tuple to set the
+    duration for each frame separately.
+
 BLP
 ^^^
 
@@ -93,7 +170,7 @@ DXT1 and DXT5 pixel formats can be read, only in ``RGBA`` mode.
    in ``P`` mode.
 
 
-.. versionadded:: 11.2.0
+.. versionadded:: 11.2.1
    DXT1, DXT3, DXT5, BC2, BC3 and BC5 pixel formats can be saved::
 
        im.save(out, pixel_format="DXT1")
@@ -235,13 +312,14 @@ following options are available::
     im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=[im1, im2, ...])
 
 **save_all**
-    If present and true, all frames of the image will be saved. If
-    not, then only the first frame of a multiframe image will be saved.
+    If present and true, or if ``append_images`` is not empty, all frames of
+    the image will be saved. Otherwise, only the first frame of a multiframe
+    image will be saved.
 
 **append_images**
     A list of images to append as additional frames. Each of the
     images in the list can be single or multiframe images.
-    This is currently supported for GIF, PDF, PNG, TIFF, and WebP.
+    This is supported for AVIF, GIF, PDF, PNG, TIFF and WebP.
 
     It is also supported for ICO and ICNS. If images are passed in of relevant
     sizes, they will be used instead of scaling down the main image.
@@ -723,8 +801,8 @@ Saving
 
 When calling :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` to write an MPO file, by default
 only the first frame of a multiframe image will be saved. If the ``save_all``
-argument is present and true, then all frames will be saved, and the following
-option will also be available.
+argument is present and true, or if ``append_images`` is not empty, all frames
+will be saved.
 
 **append_images**
     A list of images to append as additional pictures. Each of the
@@ -934,7 +1012,8 @@ Saving
 
 When calling :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save`, by default only a single frame PNG file
 will be saved. To save an APNG file (including a single frame APNG), the ``save_all``
-parameter must be set to ``True``. The following parameters can also be set:
+parameter should be set to ``True`` or ``append_images`` should not be empty. The
+following parameters can also be set:
 
 **default_image**
     Boolean value, specifying whether or not the base image is a default image.
@@ -1163,7 +1242,8 @@ Saving
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method can take the following keyword arguments:
 
 **save_all**
-    If true, Pillow will save all frames of the image to a multiframe tiff document.
+    If true, or if ``append_images`` is not empty, Pillow will save all frames of the
+    image to a multiframe tiff document.
 
     .. versionadded:: 3.4.0
 
@@ -1313,8 +1393,8 @@ Saving sequences
 
 When calling :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` to write a WebP file, by default
 only the first frame of a multiframe image will be saved. If the ``save_all``
-argument is present and true, then all frames will be saved, and the following
-options will also be available.
+argument is present and true, or if ``append_images`` is not empty, all frames
+will be saved, and the following options will also be available.
 
 **append_images**
     A list of images to append as additional frames. Each of the
@@ -1584,6 +1664,11 @@ The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.open` method sets the following
     Transparency color index. This key is omitted if the image is not
     transparent.
 
+XV Thumbnails
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Pillow can read XV thumbnail files.
+
 Write-only formats
 ------------------
 
@@ -1616,15 +1701,14 @@ The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method can take the following keyword argum
 **save_all**
     If a multiframe image is used, by default, only the first image will be saved.
     To save all frames, each frame to a separate page of the PDF, the ``save_all``
-    parameter must be present and set to ``True``.
+    parameter should be present and set to ``True`` or ``append_images`` should not be
+    empty.
 
     .. versionadded:: 3.0.0
 
 **append_images**
     A list of :py:class:`PIL.Image.Image` objects to append as additional pages. Each
-    of the images in the list can be single or multiframe images. The ``save_all``
-    parameter must be present and set to ``True`` in conjunction with
-    ``append_images``.
+    of the images in the list can be single or multiframe images.
 
     .. versionadded:: 4.2.0
 
@@ -1690,11 +1774,6 @@ The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method can take the following keyword argum
 
     .. versionadded:: 5.3.0
 
-XV Thumbnails
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Pillow can read XV thumbnail files.
-
 Identify-only formats
 ---------------------
 

docs/handbook/tutorial.rst

@@ -534,7 +534,6 @@ You can create animated GIFs with Pillow, e.g.
     # Save the images as an animated GIF
     images[0].save(
         "animated_hopper.gif",
-        save_all=True,
         append_images=images[1:],
         duration=500,  # duration of each frame in milliseconds
         loop=0,  # loop forever

docs/installation/building-from-source.rst

@@ -89,6 +89,14 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
 
 * **libxcb** provides X11 screengrab support.
 
+* **libavif** provides support for the AVIF format.
+
+  * Pillow requires libavif version **1.0.0** or greater.
+  * libavif is merely an API that wraps AVIF codecs. If you are compiling
+    libavif from source, you will also need to install both an AVIF encoder
+    and decoder, such as rav1e and dav1d, or libaom, which both encodes and
+    decodes AVIF images.
+
 .. tab:: Linux
 
     If you didn't build Python from source, make sure you have Python's
@@ -117,6 +125,12 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
     To install libraqm, ``sudo apt-get install meson`` and then see
     ``depends/install_raqm.sh``.
 
+    Build prerequisites for libavif on Ubuntu are installed with::
+
+        sudo apt-get install cmake ninja-build nasm
+
+    Then see ``depends/install_libavif.sh`` to build and install libavif.
+
     Prerequisites are installed on recent **Red Hat**, **CentOS** or **Fedora** with::
 
         sudo dnf install libtiff-devel libjpeg-devel openjpeg2-devel zlib-devel \
@@ -148,7 +162,15 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
     The easiest way to install external libraries is via `Homebrew
     <https://brew.sh/>`_. After you install Homebrew, run::
 
-        brew install libjpeg libraqm libtiff little-cms2 openjpeg webp
+        brew install libavif libjpeg libraqm libtiff little-cms2 openjpeg webp
+
+    If you would like to use libavif with more codecs than just aom, then
+    instead of installing libavif through Homebrew directly, you can use
+    Homebrew to install libavif's build dependencies::
+
+        brew install aom dav1d rav1e svt-av1
+
+    Then see ``depends/install_libavif.sh`` to install libavif.
 
 .. tab:: Windows
 
@@ -187,7 +209,8 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
             mingw-w64-x86_64-libwebp \
             mingw-w64-x86_64-openjpeg2 \
             mingw-w64-x86_64-libimagequant \
-            mingw-w64-x86_64-libraqm
+            mingw-w64-x86_64-libraqm \
+            mingw-w64-x86_64-libavif
 
 .. tab:: FreeBSD
 
@@ -199,7 +222,7 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
 
     Prerequisites are installed on **FreeBSD 10 or 11** with::
 
-        sudo pkg install jpeg-turbo tiff webp lcms2 freetype2 openjpeg harfbuzz fribidi libxcb
+        sudo pkg install jpeg-turbo tiff webp lcms2 freetype2 openjpeg harfbuzz fribidi libxcb libavif
 
     Then see ``depends/install_raqm_cmake.sh`` to install libraqm.
 
@@ -261,14 +284,16 @@ Build Options
 * Config settings: ``-C zlib=disable``, ``-C jpeg=disable``,
   ``-C tiff=disable``, ``-C freetype=disable``, ``-C raqm=disable``,
   ``-C lcms=disable``, ``-C webp=disable``,
-  ``-C jpeg2000=disable``, ``-C imagequant=disable``, ``-C xcb=disable``.
+  ``-C jpeg2000=disable``, ``-C imagequant=disable``, ``-C xcb=disable``,
+  ``-C avif=disable``.
   Disable building the corresponding feature even if the development
   libraries are present on the building machine.
 
 * Config settings: ``-C zlib=enable``, ``-C jpeg=enable``,
   ``-C tiff=enable``, ``-C freetype=enable``, ``-C raqm=enable``,
   ``-C lcms=enable``, ``-C webp=enable``,
-  ``-C jpeg2000=enable``, ``-C imagequant=enable``, ``-C xcb=enable``.
+  ``-C jpeg2000=enable``, ``-C imagequant=enable``, ``-C xcb=enable``,
+  ``-C avif=enable``.
   Require that the corresponding feature is built. The build will raise
   an exception if the libraries are not found. Tcl and Tk must be used
   together.

docs/installation/platform-support.rst

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Amazon Linux 2023                | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Arch                             | 3.12                       | x86-64              |
+| Arch                             | 3.13                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | CentOS Stream 9                  | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Debian 12 Bookworm               | 3.11                       | x86, x86-64         |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Fedora 40                        | 3.12                       | x86-64              |
-+----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Fedora 41                        | 3.13                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
+| Fedora 42                        | 3.13                       | x86-64              |
++----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Gentoo                           | 3.12                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | macOS 13 Ventura                 | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ These platforms have been reported to work at the versions mentioned.
 | Operating system                 | | Tested Python            | | Latest tested  | | Tested     |
 |                                  | | versions                 | | Pillow version | | processors |
 +==================================+============================+==================+==============+
-| macOS 15 Sequoia                 | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13| 11.1.0           |arm           |
+| macOS 15 Sequoia                 | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13| 11.2.1           |arm           |
 |                                  +----------------------------+------------------+              |
 |                                  | 3.8                        | 10.4.0           |              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+------------------+--------------+

docs/reference/Image.rst

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ Constructing images
 
 .. autofunction:: new
 .. autofunction:: fromarray
+.. autofunction:: fromarrow
 .. autofunction:: frombytes
 .. autofunction:: frombuffer
 
@@ -370,6 +371,8 @@ Protocols
 
 .. autoclass:: SupportsArrayInterface
     :show-inheritance:
+.. autoclass:: SupportsArrowArrayInterface
+    :show-inheritance:
 .. autoclass:: SupportsGetData
     :show-inheritance:
 

docs/reference/ImageCms.rst

@@ -286,6 +286,14 @@ can be easily displayed in a chromaticity diagram, for example).
 
         The value is in the format ``((X, Y, Z), (x, y, Y))``, if available.
 
+    .. py:attribute:: media_white_point
+        :type: tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]] | None
+
+        This tag specifies the media white point and is used for
+        generating absolute colorimetry.
+
+        The value is in the format ``((X, Y, Z), (x, y, Y))``, if available.
+
     .. py:attribute:: media_white_point_temperature
         :type: float | None
 

docs/reference/ImageDraw.rst

@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ Methods
                   the relative alignment of lines. Use the ``anchor`` parameter to
                   specify the alignment to ``xy``.
 
-                  .. versionadded:: 11.2.0 ``"justify"``
+                  .. versionadded:: 11.2.1 ``"justify"``
     :param direction: Direction of the text. It can be ``"rtl"`` (right to
                       left), ``"ltr"`` (left to right) or ``"ttb"`` (top to bottom).
                       Requires libraqm.
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ Methods
                   the relative alignment of lines. Use the ``anchor`` parameter to
                   specify the alignment to ``xy``.
 
-                  .. versionadded:: 11.2.0 ``"justify"``
+                  .. versionadded:: 11.2.1 ``"justify"``
     :param direction: Direction of the text. It can be ``"rtl"`` (right to
                       left), ``"ltr"`` (left to right) or ``"ttb"`` (top to bottom).
                       Requires libraqm.
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ Methods
                   the relative alignment of lines. Use the ``anchor`` parameter to
                   specify the alignment to ``xy``.
 
-                  .. versionadded:: 11.2.0 ``"justify"``
+                  .. versionadded:: 11.2.1 ``"justify"``
     :param direction: Direction of the text. It can be ``"rtl"`` (right to
                       left), ``"ltr"`` (left to right) or ``"ttb"`` (top to bottom).
                       Requires libraqm.
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ Methods
                   the relative alignment of lines. Use the ``anchor`` parameter to
                   specify the alignment to ``xy``.
 
-                  .. versionadded:: 11.2.0 ``"justify"``
+                  .. versionadded:: 11.2.1 ``"justify"``
     :param direction: Direction of the text. It can be ``"rtl"`` (right to
                       left), ``"ltr"`` (left to right) or ``"ttb"`` (top to bottom).
                       Requires libraqm.

docs/reference/ImageGrab.rst

@@ -9,15 +9,16 @@ or the clipboard to a PIL image memory.
 
 .. versionadded:: 1.1.3
 
-.. py:function:: grab(bbox=None, include_layered_windows=False, all_screens=False, xdisplay=None)
+.. py:function:: grab(bbox=None, include_layered_windows=False, all_screens=False, xdisplay=None, window=None)
 
     Take a snapshot of the screen. The pixels inside the bounding box are returned as
     an "RGBA" on macOS, or an "RGB" image otherwise. If the bounding box is omitted,
     the entire screen is copied, and on macOS, it will be at 2x if on a Retina screen.
 
     On Linux, if ``xdisplay`` is ``None`` and the default X11 display does not return
-    a snapshot of the screen, ``gnome-screenshot`` will be used as fallback if it is
-    installed. To disable this behaviour, pass ``xdisplay=""`` instead.
+    a snapshot of the screen, ``gnome-screenshot``, ``grim`` or ``spectacle`` will be
+    used as a fallback if they are installed. To disable this behaviour, pass
+    ``xdisplay=""`` instead.
 
     .. versionadded:: 1.1.3 (Windows), 3.0.0 (macOS), 7.1.0 (Linux)
 
@@ -39,6 +40,11 @@ or the clipboard to a PIL image memory.
         You can check X11 support using :py:func:`PIL.features.check_feature` with ``feature="xcb"``.
 
         .. versionadded:: 7.1.0
+
+    :param window:
+        HWND, to capture a single window. Windows only.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 11.2.1
     :return: An image
 
 .. py:function:: grabclipboard()

docs/reference/arrow_support.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+.. _arrow-support:
+
+=============
+Arrow Support
+=============
+
+`Arrow <https://arrow.apache.org/>`__
+is an in-memory data exchange format that is the spiritual
+successor to the NumPy array interface. It provides for zero-copy
+access to columnar data, which in our case is ``Image`` data.
+
+The goal with Arrow is to provide native zero-copy interoperability
+with any Arrow provider or consumer in the Python ecosystem.
+
+.. warning:: Zero-copy does not mean zero allocation -- the internal
+  memory layout of Pillow images contains an allocation for row
+  pointers, so there is a non-zero, but significantly smaller than a
+  full-copy memory cost to reading an Arrow image.
+
+
+Data Formats
+============
+
+Pillow currently supports exporting Arrow images in all modes
+**except** for ``BGR;15``, ``BGR;16`` and ``BGR;24``. This is due to
+line-length packing in these modes making for non-continuous memory.
+
+For single-band images, the exported array is width*height elements,
+with each pixel corresponding to the appropriate Arrow type.
+
+For multiband images, the exported array is width*height fixed-length
+four-element arrays of uint8. This is memory compatible with the raw
+image storage of four bytes per pixel.
+
+Mode ``1`` images are exported as one uint8 byte/pixel, as this is
+consistent with the internal storage.
+
+Pillow will accept, but not produce, one other format. For any
+multichannel image with 32-bit storage per pixel, Pillow will accept
+an array of width*height int32 elements, which will then be
+interpreted using the mode-specific interpretation of the bytes.
+
+The image mode must match the Arrow band format when reading single
+channel images.
+
+Memory Allocator
+================
+
+Pillow's default memory allocator, the :ref:`block_allocator`,
+allocates up to a 16 MB block for images by default. Larger images
+overflow into additional blocks. Arrow requires a single continuous
+memory allocation, so images allocated in multiple blocks cannot be
+exported in the Arrow format.
+
+To enable the single block allocator::
+
+  from PIL import Image
+  Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(1)
+
+Note that this is a global setting, not a per-image setting.
+
+Unsupported Features
+====================
+
+* Table/dataframe protocol. We support a single array.
+* Null markers, producing or consuming. Null values are inferred from
+  the mode, e.g. RGB images are stored in the first three bytes of
+  each 32-bit pixel, and the last byte is an implied null.
+* Schema negotiation. There is an optional schema for the requested
+  datatype in the Arrow source interface. We ignore that
+  parameter.
+* Array metadata.
+
+Internal Details
+================
+
+Python Arrow C interface:
+https://arrow.apache.org/docs/format/CDataInterface/PyCapsuleInterface.html
+
+The memory that is exported from the Arrow interface is shared -- not
+copied, so the lifetime of the memory allocation is no longer strictly
+tied to the life of the Python object.
+
+The core imaging struct now has a refcount associated with it, and the
+lifetime of the core image struct is now divorced from the Python
+image object. Creating an arrow reference to the image increments the
+refcount, and the imaging struct is only released when the refcount
+reaches zero.

docs/reference/block_allocator.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+
+.. _block_allocator:
+
 Block Allocator
 ===============
 
@@ -34,14 +37,14 @@ fresh allocation. This caching of free blocks is currently disabled by
 default, but can be enabled and tweaked using three environment
 variables:
 
-  * ``PILLOW_ALIGNMENT``, in bytes. Specifies the alignment of memory
+* ``PILLOW_ALIGNMENT``, in bytes. Specifies the alignment of memory
   allocations. Valid values are powers of 2 between 1 and
   128, inclusive. Defaults to 1.
 
-  * ``PILLOW_BLOCK_SIZE``, in bytes, K, or M.  Specifies the maximum
+* ``PILLOW_BLOCK_SIZE``, in bytes, K, or M.  Specifies the maximum
   block size for ``ImagingAllocateArray``. Valid values are
   integers, with an optional ``k`` or ``m`` suffix. Defaults to 16M.
 
-  * ``PILLOW_BLOCKS_MAX`` Specifies the number of freed blocks to
+* ``PILLOW_BLOCKS_MAX`` Specifies the number of freed blocks to
   retain to fill future memory requests. Any freed blocks over this
   threshold will be returned to the OS immediately. Defaults to 0.

docs/reference/features.rst

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ Support for the following modules can be checked:
 * ``freetype2``: FreeType font support via :py:func:`PIL.ImageFont.truetype`.
 * ``littlecms2``: LittleCMS 2 support via :py:mod:`PIL.ImageCms`.
 * ``webp``: WebP image support.
+* ``avif``: AVIF image support.
 
 .. autofunction:: PIL.features.check_module
 .. autofunction:: PIL.features.version_module

docs/reference/internal_design.rst

@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ Internal Reference
   block_allocator
   internal_modules
   c_extension_debugging
+  arrow_support

docs/reference/plugins.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 Plugin reference
 ================
 
+:mod:`~PIL.AvifImagePlugin` Module
+----------------------------------
+
+.. automodule:: PIL.AvifImagePlugin
+    :members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+
 :mod:`~PIL.BmpImagePlugin` Module
 ---------------------------------
 

docs/releasenotes/11.2.0.rst

@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-11.2.0
-------
-
-Security
-========
-
-TODO
-^^^^
-
-TODO
-
-:cve:`YYYY-XXXXX`: TODO
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-TODO
-
-Backwards Incompatible Changes
-==============================
-
-TODO
-^^^^
-
-Deprecations
-============
-
-Image.Image.get_child_images()
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 11.2.0
-
-``Image.Image.get_child_images()`` has been deprecated. and will be removed in Pillow
-13 (2026-10-15). It will be moved to ``ImageFile.ImageFile.get_child_images()``. The
-method uses an image's file pointer, and so child images could only be retrieved from
-an :py:class:`PIL.ImageFile.ImageFile` instance.
-
-API Changes
-===========
-
-TODO
-^^^^
-
-TODO
-
-API Additions
-=============
-
-``"justify"`` multiline text alignment
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-In addition to ``"left"``, ``"center"`` and ``"right"``, multiline text can also be
-aligned using ``"justify"`` in :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageDraw`::
-
-    from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
-    im = Image.new("RGB", (50, 25))
-    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
-    draw.multiline_text((0, 0), "Multiline\ntext 1", align="justify")
-    draw.multiline_textbbox((0, 0), "Multiline\ntext 2", align="justify")
-
-Check for MozJPEG
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-You can check if Pillow has been built against the MozJPEG version of the
-libjpeg library, and what version of MozJPEG is being used::
-
-    from PIL import features
-    features.check_feature("mozjpeg")  # True or False
-    features.version_feature("mozjpeg")  # "4.1.1" for example, or None
-
-Saving compressed DDS images
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Compressed DDS images can now be saved using a ``pixel_format`` argument. DXT1, DXT3,
-DXT5, BC2, BC3 and BC5 are supported::
-
-    im.save("out.dds", pixel_format="DXT1")
-
-Other Changes
-=============
-
-TODO
-^^^^
-
-TODO

docs/releasenotes/11.2.1.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+11.2.1
+------
+
+.. warning::
+
+   The release of Pillow *11.2.0* was halted prematurely, due to hitting PyPI's
+   project size limit and concern over the size of Pillow wheels containing libavif.
+   The PyPI limit has now been increased and Pillow *11.2.1* has been released
+   instead, without libavif included in the wheels.
+   To avoid confusion, the incomplete 11.2.0 release has been removed from PyPI.
+
+Security
+========
+
+Undefined shift when loading compressed DDS images
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+When loading some compressed DDS formats, an integer was bitshifted by 24 places to
+generate the 32 bits of the lookup table. This was undefined behaviour, and has been
+present since Pillow 3.4.0.
+
+Deprecations
+============
+
+Image.Image.get_child_images()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.2.1
+
+``Image.Image.get_child_images()`` has been deprecated. and will be removed in Pillow
+13 (2026-10-15). It will be moved to ``ImageFile.ImageFile.get_child_images()``. The
+method uses an image's file pointer, and so child images could only be retrieved from
+an :py:class:`PIL.ImageFile.ImageFile` instance.
+
+API Changes
+===========
+
+``append_images`` no longer requires ``save_all``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Previously, ``save_all`` was required to in order to use ``append_images``. Now,
+``save_all`` will default to ``True`` if ``append_images`` is not empty and the format
+supports saving multiple frames::
+
+    im.save("out.gif", append_images=ims)
+
+API Additions
+=============
+
+``"justify"`` multiline text alignment
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+In addition to ``"left"``, ``"center"`` and ``"right"``, multiline text can also be
+aligned using ``"justify"`` in :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageDraw`::
+
+    from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
+    im = Image.new("RGB", (50, 25))
+    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+    draw.multiline_text((0, 0), "Multiline\ntext 1", align="justify")
+    draw.multiline_textbbox((0, 0), "Multiline\ntext 2", align="justify")
+
+Specify window in ImageGrab on Windows
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+When using :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageGrab.grab`, a specific window can be selected using the
+HWND::
+
+    from PIL import ImageGrab
+    ImageGrab.grab(window=hwnd)
+
+Check for MozJPEG
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+You can check if Pillow has been built against the MozJPEG version of the
+libjpeg library, and what version of MozJPEG is being used::
+
+    from PIL import features
+    features.check_feature("mozjpeg")  # True or False
+    features.version_feature("mozjpeg")  # "4.1.1" for example, or None
+
+Saving compressed DDS images
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Compressed DDS images can now be saved using a ``pixel_format`` argument. DXT1, DXT3,
+DXT5, BC2, BC3 and BC5 are supported::
+
+    im.save("out.dds", pixel_format="DXT1")
+
+Other Changes
+=============
+
+Arrow support
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+`Arrow <https://arrow.apache.org/>`__ is an in-memory data exchange format that is the
+spiritual successor to the NumPy array interface. It provides for zero-copy access to
+columnar data, which in our case is ``Image`` data.
+
+To create an image with zero-copy shared memory from an object exporting the
+arrow_c_array interface protocol::
+
+    from PIL import Image
+    import pyarrow as pa
+    arr = pa.array([0]*(5*5*4), type=pa.uint8())
+    im = Image.fromarrow(arr, 'RGBA', (5, 5))
+
+Pillow images can also be converted to Arrow objects::
+
+    from PIL import Image
+    import pyarrow as pa
+    im = Image.open('hopper.jpg')
+    arr = pa.array(im)
+
+Reading and writing AVIF images
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Pillow can now read and write AVIF images when built from source with libavif 1.0.0
+or later.

docs/releasenotes/index.rst

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ expected to be backported to earlier versions.
 .. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2
 
-  11.2.0
+  11.2.1
   11.1.0
   11.0.0
   10.4.0

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [build-system]
 build-backend = "backend"
 requires = [
-  "setuptools>=67.8",
+  "setuptools>=77",
 ]
 backend-path = [
   "_custom_build",
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@ readme = "README.md"
 keywords = [
   "Imaging",
 ]
-license = { text = "MIT-CMU" }
+license = "MIT-CMU"
+license-files = [ "LICENSE" ]
 authors = [
   { name = "Jeffrey A. Clark", email = "aclark@aclark.net" },
 ]
 requires-python = ">=3.9"
 classifiers = [
   "Development Status :: 6 - Mature",
-  "License :: OSI Approved :: CMU License (MIT-CMU)",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ optional-dependencies.docs = [
   "furo",
   "olefile",
   "sphinx>=8.2",
+  "sphinx-autobuild",
   "sphinx-copybutton",
   "sphinx-inline-tabs",
   "sphinxext-opengraph",
@@ -54,6 +55,10 @@ optional-dependencies.fpx = [
 optional-dependencies.mic = [
   "olefile",
 ]
+optional-dependencies.test-arrow = [
+  "pyarrow",
+]
+
 optional-dependencies.tests = [
   "check-manifest",
   "coverage>=7.4.2",
@@ -67,6 +72,7 @@ optional-dependencies.tests = [
   "pytest-timeout",
   "trove-classifiers>=2024.10.12",
 ]
+
 optional-dependencies.typing = [
   "typing-extensions; python_version<'3.10'",
 ]

setup.py

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ configuration: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
 
 
 PILLOW_VERSION = get_version()
+AVIF_ROOT = None
 FREETYPE_ROOT = None
 HARFBUZZ_ROOT = None
 FRIBIDI_ROOT = None
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ _IMAGING = ("decode", "encode", "map", "display", "outline", "path")
 _LIB_IMAGING = (
     "Access",
     "AlphaComposite",
+    "Arrow",
     "Resample",
     "Reduce",
     "Bands",
@@ -306,6 +308,7 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
             "jpeg2000",
             "imagequant",
             "xcb",
+            "avif",
         ]
 
         required = {"jpeg", "zlib"}
@@ -481,6 +484,7 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
         #
         # add configured kits
         for root_name, lib_name in {
+            "AVIF_ROOT": "avif",
             "JPEG_ROOT": "libjpeg",
             "JPEG2K_ROOT": "libopenjp2",
             "TIFF_ROOT": ("libtiff-5", "libtiff-4"),
@@ -846,6 +850,12 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
                 if _find_library_file(self, "xcb"):
                     feature.set("xcb", "xcb")
 
+        if feature.want("avif"):
+            _dbg("Looking for avif")
+            if _find_include_file(self, "avif/avif.h"):
+                if _find_library_file(self, "avif"):
+                    feature.set("avif", "avif")
+
         for f in feature:
             if not feature.get(f) and feature.require(f):
                 if f in ("jpeg", "zlib"):
@@ -934,6 +944,14 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
         else:
             self._remove_extension("PIL._webp")
 
+        if feature.get("avif"):
+            libs = [feature.get("avif")]
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                libs.extend(["ntdll", "userenv", "ws2_32", "bcrypt"])
+            self._update_extension("PIL._avif", libs)
+        else:
+            self._remove_extension("PIL._avif")
+
         tk_libs = ["psapi"] if sys.platform in ("win32", "cygwin") else []
         self._update_extension("PIL._imagingtk", tk_libs)
 
@@ -976,6 +994,7 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
             (feature.get("lcms"), "LITTLECMS2"),
             (feature.get("webp"), "WEBP"),
             (feature.get("xcb"), "XCB (X protocol)"),
+            (feature.get("avif"), "LIBAVIF"),
         ]
 
         all = 1
@@ -1018,6 +1037,7 @@ ext_modules = [
     Extension("PIL._imagingft", ["src/_imagingft.c"]),
     Extension("PIL._imagingcms", ["src/_imagingcms.c"]),
     Extension("PIL._webp", ["src/_webp.c"]),
+    Extension("PIL._avif", ["src/_avif.c"]),
     Extension("PIL._imagingtk", ["src/_imagingtk.c", "src/Tk/tkImaging.c"]),
     Extension("PIL._imagingmath", ["src/_imagingmath.c"]),
     Extension("PIL._imagingmorph", ["src/_imagingmorph.c"]),