Merge branch 'main' into progress

.appveyor.yml

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ init:
 # Uncomment previous line to get RDP access during the build.
 
 environment:
+  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
   EXECUTABLE: python.exe
   TEST_OPTIONS:
   DEPLOY: YES

.ci/requirements-mypy.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+mypy==1.9.0

.coveragerc

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ exclude_also =
     except ImportError
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
     @abc.abstractmethod
+    # Empty bodies in protocols or abstract methods
+    ^\s*def [a-zA-Z0-9_]+\(.*\)(\s*->.*)?:\s*\.\.\.(\s*#.*)?$
+    ^\s*\.\.\.(\s*#.*)?$
 
 [run]
 omit =

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-tidelift: "pypi/Pillow"
+tidelift: "pypi/pillow"

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@ on:
     paths:
       - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
       - "docs/**"
+      - "src/PIL/**"
   pull_request:
     paths:
       - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
       - "docs/**"
+      - "src/PIL/**"
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 permissions:

.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+env:
+  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
+
 jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: windows-latest

.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+env:
+  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
+
 jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: windows-latest
@@ -64,10 +67,10 @@ jobs:
               mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-cffi \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-numpy \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-olefile \
-              mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-pip \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-setuptools \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pyqt6
 
+          python3 -m ensurepip
           python3 -m pip install pyroma pytest pytest-cov pytest-timeout
 
           pushd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && popd

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -26,13 +26,16 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+env:
+  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
+
 jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["pypy3.10", "pypy3.9", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: ["pypy3.10", "pypy3.9", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13.0-alpha.3"]
 
     timeout-minutes: 30
 
@@ -66,8 +69,16 @@ jobs:
     - name: Print build system information
       run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py
 
-    - name: python3 -m pip install pytest pytest-cov pytest-timeout defusedxml olefile pyroma
+    - name: Install Python dependencies
-      run: python3 -m pip install pytest pytest-cov pytest-timeout defusedxml olefile pyroma
+      run: >
+        python3 -m pip install
+        coverage>=7.4.2
+        defusedxml
+        olefile
+        pyroma
+        pytest
+        pytest-cov
+        pytest-timeout
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       id: install

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 env:
+  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
   FORCE_COLOR: 1
 
 jobs:

.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh

@@ -17,30 +17,30 @@ ARCHIVE_SDIR=pillow-depends-main
 # Package versions for fresh source builds
 FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.2
 HARFBUZZ_VERSION=8.3.0
-LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.40
+LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.43
-JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.0.1
+JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.0.2
-OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.0
+OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.2
 XZ_VERSION=5.4.5
 TIFF_VERSION=4.6.0
 LCMS2_VERSION=2.16
 if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
-    GIFLIB_VERSION=5.1.4
+    GIFLIB_VERSION=5.2.2
 else
     GIFLIB_VERSION=5.2.1
 fi
 if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]] || [[ "$MB_ML_VER" != 2014 ]]; then
-    ZLIB_VERSION=1.3
+    ZLIB_VERSION=1.3.1
 else
     ZLIB_VERSION=1.2.8
 fi
 LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.3.2
 BZIP2_VERSION=1.0.8
-LIBXCB_VERSION=1.16
+LIBXCB_VERSION=1.16.1
 BROTLI_VERSION=1.1.0
 
 if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]] && [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == "x86_64" ]]; then
     function build_openjpeg {
-        local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/uclouvain/openjpeg/archive/v${OPENJPEG_VERSION}.tar.gz openjpeg-2.5.0.tar.gz)
+        local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/uclouvain/openjpeg/archive/v${OPENJPEG_VERSION}.tar.gz openjpeg-${OPENJPEG_VERSION}.tar.gz)
         (cd $out_dir \
             && cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$BUILD_PREFIX -DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib . \
             && make install)
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ function build_brotli {
 
 function build {
     if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]] && [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == "arm64" ]]; then
-        export BUILD_PREFIX="/usr/local"
+        sudo chown -R runner /usr/local
     fi
     build_xz
     if [ -z "$IS_ALPINE" ] && [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ function build {
         build_simple xorgproto 2023.2 https://www.x.org/pub/individual/proto
         build_simple libXau 1.0.11 https://www.x.org/pub/individual/lib
         build_simple libpthread-stubs 0.5 https://xcb.freedesktop.org/dist
-        if [ -f /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/share/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc ]; then
+        if [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == "arm64" ]]; then
-            cp /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/share/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/lib/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc
+            cp /usr/local/share/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
         fi
     else
         sed s/\${pc_sysrootdir\}// /usr/local/share/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc > /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc
@@ -87,12 +87,10 @@ function build {
     build_tiff
     build_libpng
     build_lcms2
-    if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]] && [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == "arm64" ]]; then
-        for dylib in libjpeg.dylib libtiff.dylib liblcms2.dylib; do
-            cp $BUILD_PREFIX/lib/$dylib /opt/arm64-builds/lib
-        done
-    fi
     build_openjpeg
+    if [ -f /usr/local/lib64/libopenjp2.so ]; then
+        cp /usr/local/lib64/libopenjp2.so /usr/local/lib
+    fi
 
     ORIGINAL_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
     CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -O3 -DNDEBUG"
@@ -128,14 +126,19 @@ curl -fsSL -o pillow-depends-main.zip https://github.com/python-pillow/pillow-de
 untar pillow-depends-main.zip
 
 if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
-  # webp, libtiff, libxcb cause a conflict with building webp, libtiff, libxcb
+  # libtiff and libxcb cause a conflict with building libtiff and libxcb
   # libxau and libxdmcp cause an issue on macOS < 11
-  # if php is installed, brew tries to reinstall these after installing openblas
   # remove cairo to fix building harfbuzz on arm64
   # remove lcms2 and libpng to fix building openjpeg on arm64
-  # remove zstd to avoid inclusion on x86_64
+  # remove jpeg-turbo to avoid inclusion on arm64
+  # remove webp and zstd to avoid inclusion on x86_64
   # curl from brew requires zstd, use system curl
-  brew remove --ignore-dependencies webp libpng libtiff libxcb libxau libxdmcp curl php cairo lcms2 ghostscript zstd
+  brew remove --ignore-dependencies libpng libtiff libxcb libxau libxdmcp curl cairo lcms2 zstd
+  if [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == "arm64" ]]; then
+    brew remove --ignore-dependencies jpeg-turbo
+  else
+    brew remove --ignore-dependencies webp
+  fi
 
   brew install pkg-config
 fi

.github/workflows/wheels-test.sh

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ set -e
 if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
     brew install fribidi
     export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openblas/lib/pkgconfig"
+    if [ -f /opt/homebrew/lib/libfribidi.dylib ]; then
+        sudo cp /opt/homebrew/lib/libfribidi.dylib /usr/local/lib
+    fi
 elif [ "${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}" == "musllinux" ]; then
     apk add curl fribidi
 else

.github/workflows/wheels.yml

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
             cibw_arch: x86_64
             macosx_deployment_target: "10.10"
           - name: "macOS arm64"
-            os: macos-latest
+            os: macos-14
             cibw_arch: arm64
             macosx_deployment_target: "11.0"
           - name: "manylinux2014 and musllinux x86_64"
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ jobs:
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_SKIP: pp38-*
-          CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*-macosx_arm64"
+          CIBW_TEST_SKIP: cp38-macosx_arm64
           MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: ${{ matrix.macosx_deployment_target }}
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4

CHANGES.rst

@@ -5,6 +5,27 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
 10.3.0 (unreleased)
 -------------------
 
+- Turn off nullability warnings for macOS SDK #7827
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Fix shift-sign issue in Convert.c #7838
+  [r-barnes, radarhere]
+
+- Open 16-bit grayscale PNGs as I;16 #7849
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Handle truncated chunks at the end of PNG images #7709
+  [lajiyuan, radarhere]
+
+- Match mask size to pasted image size in GifImagePlugin #7779
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Release GIL while calling ``WebPAnimDecoderGetNext`` #7782
+  [evanmiller, radarhere]
+
+- Fixed reading FLI/FLC images with a prefix chunk #7804
+  [twolife]
+
 - Update wl-paste handling and return None for some errors in grabclipboard() on Linux #7745
   [nik012003, radarhere]
 

README.md

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ As of 2019, Pillow development is
                 src="https://zenodo.org/badge/17549/python-pillow/Pillow.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-pillow?utm_source=pypi-pillow&utm_medium=badge"><img
                 alt="Tidelift"
-                src="https://tidelift.com/badges/package/pypi/Pillow?style=flat"></a>
+                src="https://tidelift.com/badges/package/pypi/pillow?style=flat"></a>
             <a href="https://pypi.org/project/pillow/"><img
                 alt="Newest PyPI version"
                 src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pillow.svg"></a>
@@ -82,9 +82,6 @@ As of 2019, Pillow development is
             <a href="https://gitter.im/python-pillow/Pillow?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge"><img
                 alt="Join the chat at https://gitter.im/python-pillow/Pillow"
                 src="https://badges.gitter.im/python-pillow/Pillow.svg"></a>
-            <a href="https://twitter.com/PythonPillow"><img
-                alt="Follow on https://twitter.com/PythonPillow"
-                src="https://img.shields.io/badge/tweet-on%20Twitter-00aced.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@pillow"><img
                 alt="Follow on https://fosstodon.org/@pillow"
                 src="https://img.shields.io/badge/publish-on%20Mastodon-595aff.svg"

RELEASING.md

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Released as needed privately to individual vendors for critical security-related
 
 ## Publicize Release
 
-* [ ] Announce release availability via [Twitter](https://twitter.com/pythonpillow) and [Mastodon](https://fosstodon.org/@pillow) e.g. https://twitter.com/PythonPillow/status/1013789184354603010
+* [ ] Announce release availability via [Mastodon](https://fosstodon.org/@pillow) e.g. https://fosstodon.org/@pillow/110639450470725321
 
 ## Documentation
 

Tests/check_imaging_leaks.py

@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@ def _get_mem_usage() -> float:
 
 
 def _test_leak(
-    min_iterations: int, max_iterations: int, fn: Callable[..., None], *args: Any
+    min_iterations: int,
+    max_iterations: int,
+    fn: Callable[..., Image.Image | None],
+    *args: Any,
 ) -> None:
     mem_limit = None
     for i in range(max_iterations):

Tests/check_png_dos.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ def test_ignore_dos_text() -> None:
     finally:
         ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
+    assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
     for s in im.text.values():
         assert len(s) < 1024 * 1024, "Text chunk larger than 1M"
 
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ def test_dos_text() -> None:
         assert msg, "Decompressed Data Too Large"
         return
 
+    assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
     for s in im.text.values():
         assert len(s) < 1024 * 1024, "Text chunk larger than 1M"
 
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ def test_dos_total_memory() -> None:
         return
 
     total_len = 0
+    assert isinstance(im2, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
     for txt in im2.text.values():
         total_len += len(txt)
     assert total_len < 64 * 1024 * 1024, "Total text chunks greater than 64M"

Tests/helper.py

@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ def fromstring(data: bytes) -> Image.Image:
     return Image.open(BytesIO(data))
 
 
-def tostring(im: Image.Image, string_format: str, **options: dict[str, Any]) -> bytes:
+def tostring(im: Image.Image, string_format: str, **options: Any) -> bytes:
     out = BytesIO()
     im.save(out, string_format, **options)
     return out.getvalue()
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ def is_mingw() -> bool:
 
 
 class CachedProperty:
-    def __init__(self, func: Callable[[Any], None]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, func: Callable[[Any], Any]) -> None:
         self.func = func
 
     def __get__(self, instance: Any, cls: type[Any] | None = None) -> Any:

Tests/test_color_lut.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from array import array
+from types import ModuleType
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ from PIL import Image, ImageFilter
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal
 
+numpy: ModuleType | None
 try:
     import numpy
 except ImportError:
@@ -397,6 +399,7 @@ class TestColorLut3DFilter:
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(numpy is None, reason="NumPy not installed")
     def test_numpy_sources(self) -> None:
+        assert numpy is not None
         table = numpy.ones((5, 6, 7, 3), dtype=numpy.float16)
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="should have either channels"):
             lut = ImageFilter.Color3DLUT((5, 6, 7), table)
@@ -430,6 +433,7 @@ class TestColorLut3DFilter:
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(numpy is None, reason="NumPy not installed")
     def test_numpy_formats(self) -> None:
+        assert numpy is not None
         g = Image.linear_gradient("L")
         im = Image.merge(
             "RGB",

Tests/test_core_resources.py

@@ -187,6 +187,6 @@ class TestEnvVars:
             {"PILLOW_BLOCKS_MAX": "wat"},
         ),
     )
-    def test_warnings(self, var) -> None:
+    def test_warnings(self, var: dict[str, str]) -> None:
         with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
             Image._apply_env_variables(var)

Tests/test_deprecate.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from PIL import _deprecate
         ),
     ],
 )
-def test_version(version, expected) -> None:
+def test_version(version: int | None, expected: str) -> None:
     with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match=expected):
         _deprecate.deprecate("Old thing", version, "new thing")
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def test_unknown_version() -> None:
         ),
     ],
 )
-def test_old_version(deprecated, plural, expected) -> None:
+def test_old_version(deprecated: str, plural: bool, expected: str) -> None:
     expected = r""
     with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=expected):
         _deprecate.deprecate(deprecated, 1, plural=plural)
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def test_replacement_and_action() -> None:
         "Upgrade to new thing.",
     ],
 )
-def test_action(action) -> None:
+def test_action(action: str) -> None:
     expected = (
         r"Old thing is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 11 \(2024-10-15\)\. "
         r"Upgrade to new thing\."

Tests/test_features.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import io
 import re
+from typing import Callable
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ def test_version() -> None:
     # Check the correctness of the convenience function
     # and the format of version numbers
 
-    def test(name, function) -> None:
+    def test(name: str, function: Callable[[str], bool]) -> None:
         version = features.version(name)
         if not features.check(name):
             assert version is None
@@ -73,12 +74,12 @@ def test_libimagequant_version() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("feature", features.modules)
-def test_check_modules(feature) -> None:
+def test_check_modules(feature: str) -> None:
     assert features.check_module(feature) in [True, False]
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("feature", features.codecs)
-def test_check_codecs(feature) -> None:
+def test_check_codecs(feature: str) -> None:
     assert features.check_codec(feature) in [True, False]
 
 

Tests/test_file_apng.py

@@ -721,6 +721,16 @@ def test_save_all_progress() -> None:
     assert progress == expected
 
 
+def test_apng_save_size(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    test_file = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
+
+    im = Image.new("L", (100, 100))
+    im.save(test_file, save_all=True, append_images=[Image.new("L", (200, 200))])
+
+    with Image.open(test_file) as reloaded:
+        assert reloaded.size == (200, 200)
+
+
 def test_seek_after_close() -> None:
     im = Image.open("Tests/images/apng/delay.png")
     im.seek(1)

Tests/test_file_blp.py

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def test_save(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         "Tests/images/timeout-ef9112a065e7183fa7faa2e18929b03e44ee16bf.blp",
     ],
 )
-def test_crashes(test_file) -> None:
+def test_crashes(test_file: str) -> None:
     with open(test_file, "rb") as f:
         with Image.open(f) as im:
             with pytest.raises(OSError):

Tests/test_file_bmp.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from .helper import (
 
 
 def test_sanity(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    def roundtrip(im) -> None:
+    def roundtrip(im: Image.Image) -> None:
         outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.bmp")
 
         im.save(outfile, "BMP")
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ def test_rle4() -> None:
         ("Tests/images/bmp/g/pal8rle.bmp", 1064),
     ),
 )
-def test_rle8_eof(file_name, length) -> None:
+def test_rle8_eof(file_name: str, length: int) -> None:
     with open(file_name, "rb") as fp:
         data = fp.read(length)
         with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:

Tests/test_file_container.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from typing import Literal
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import ContainerIO, Image
@@ -21,9 +23,16 @@ def test_isatty() -> None:
     assert container.isatty() is False
 
 
-def test_seek_mode_0() -> None:
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "mode, expected_position",
+    (
+        (0, 33),
+        (1, 66),
+        (2, 100),
+    ),
+)
+def test_seek_mode(mode: Literal[0, 1, 2], expected_position: int) -> None:
     # Arrange
-    mode = 0
     with open(TEST_FILE, "rb") as fh:
         container = ContainerIO.ContainerIO(fh, 22, 100)
 
@@ -32,35 +41,7 @@ def test_seek_mode_0() -> None:
         container.seek(33, mode)
 
         # Assert
-        assert container.tell() == 33
+        assert container.tell() == expected_position
-
-
-def test_seek_mode_1() -> None:
-    # Arrange
-    mode = 1
-    with open(TEST_FILE, "rb") as fh:
-        container = ContainerIO.ContainerIO(fh, 22, 100)
-
-        # Act
-        container.seek(33, mode)
-        container.seek(33, mode)
-
-        # Assert
-        assert container.tell() == 66
-
-
-def test_seek_mode_2() -> None:
-    # Arrange
-    mode = 2
-    with open(TEST_FILE, "rb") as fh:
-        container = ContainerIO.ContainerIO(fh, 22, 100)
-
-        # Act
-        container.seek(33, mode)
-        container.seek(33, mode)
-
-        # Assert
-        assert container.tell() == 100
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("bytesmode", (True, False))

Tests/test_file_dds.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ TEST_FILE_UNCOMPRESSED_RGB_WITH_ALPHA = "Tests/images/uncompressed_rgb.dds"
         TEST_FILE_DX10_BC1_TYPELESS,
     ),
 )
-def test_sanity_dxt1_bc1(image_path) -> None:
+def test_sanity_dxt1_bc1(image_path: str) -> None:
     """Check DXT1 and BC1 images can be opened"""
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE_DXT1.replace(".dds", ".png")) as target:
         target = target.convert("RGBA")
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def test_sanity_dxt5() -> None:
         TEST_FILE_BC4U,
     ),
 )
-def test_sanity_ati1_bc4u(image_path) -> None:
+def test_sanity_ati1_bc4u(image_path: str) -> None:
     """Check ATI1 and BC4U images can be opened"""
 
     with Image.open(image_path) as im:
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def test_sanity_ati1_bc4u(image_path) -> None:
         TEST_FILE_DX10_BC4_TYPELESS,
     ),
 )
-def test_dx10_bc4(image_path) -> None:
+def test_dx10_bc4(image_path: str) -> None:
     """Check DX10 BC4 images can be opened"""
 
     with Image.open(image_path) as im:
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def test_dx10_bc4(image_path) -> None:
         TEST_FILE_BC5U,
     ),
 )
-def test_sanity_ati2_bc5u(image_path) -> None:
+def test_sanity_ati2_bc5u(image_path: str) -> None:
     """Check ATI2 and BC5U images can be opened"""
 
     with Image.open(image_path) as im:
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def test_sanity_ati2_bc5u(image_path) -> None:
         (TEST_FILE_BC5S, TEST_FILE_BC5S),
     ),
 )
-def test_dx10_bc5(image_path, expected_path) -> None:
+def test_dx10_bc5(image_path: str, expected_path: str) -> None:
     """Check DX10 BC5 images can be opened"""
 
     with Image.open(image_path) as im:
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ def test_dx10_bc5(image_path, expected_path) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("image_path", (TEST_FILE_BC6H, TEST_FILE_BC6HS))
-def test_dx10_bc6h(image_path) -> None:
+def test_dx10_bc6h(image_path: str) -> None:
     """Check DX10 BC6H/BC6HS images can be opened"""
 
     with Image.open(image_path) as im:
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ def test_dx10_r8g8b8a8_unorm_srgb() -> None:
         ("RGBA", (800, 600), TEST_FILE_UNCOMPRESSED_RGB_WITH_ALPHA),
     ],
 )
-def test_uncompressed(mode, size, test_file) -> None:
+def test_uncompressed(mode: str, size: tuple[int, int], test_file: str) -> None:
     """Check uncompressed images can be opened"""
 
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ def test_unsupported_bitcount() -> None:
         "Tests/images/unimplemented_pfflags.dds",
     ),
 )
-def test_not_implemented(test_file) -> None:
+def test_not_implemented(test_file: str) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
         with Image.open(test_file):
             pass
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ def test_save_unsupported_mode(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         ("RGBA", "Tests/images/pil123rgba.png"),
     ],
 )
-def test_save(mode, test_file, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def test_save(mode: str, test_file: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     out = str(tmp_path / "temp.dds")
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
         assert im.mode == mode

Tests/test_file_eps.py

@@ -437,3 +437,11 @@ def test_eof_before_bounding_box() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/zero_bb_eof_before_boundingbox.eps"):
             pass
+
+
+def test_invalid_data_after_eof() -> None:
+    with open("Tests/images/illuCS6_preview.eps", "rb") as f:
+        img_bytes = io.BytesIO(f.read() + b"\r\n%" + (b" " * 255))
+
+    with Image.open(img_bytes) as img:
+        assert img.mode == "RGB"

Tests/test_file_fli.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import warnings
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import FliImagePlugin, Image
+from PIL import FliImagePlugin, Image, ImageFile
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_equal_tofile, is_pypy
 
@@ -12,9 +12,12 @@ from .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_equal_tofile, is_pypy
 # save as...-> hopper.fli, default options.
 static_test_file = "Tests/images/hopper.fli"
 
-# From https://samples.libav.org/fli-flc/
+# From https://samples.ffmpeg.org/fli-flc/
 animated_test_file = "Tests/images/a.fli"
 
+# From https://samples.ffmpeg.org/fli-flc/
+animated_test_file_with_prefix_chunk = "Tests/images/2422.flc"
+
 
 def test_sanity() -> None:
     with Image.open(static_test_file) as im:
@@ -32,6 +35,24 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
         assert im.is_animated
 
 
+def test_prefix_chunk() -> None:
+    ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+    try:
+        with Image.open(animated_test_file_with_prefix_chunk) as im:
+            assert im.mode == "P"
+            assert im.size == (320, 200)
+            assert im.format == "FLI"
+            assert im.info["duration"] == 171
+            assert im.is_animated
+
+            palette = im.getpalette()
+            assert palette[3:6] == [255, 255, 255]
+            assert palette[381:384] == [204, 204, 12]
+            assert palette[765:] == [252, 0, 0]
+    finally:
+        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
+
+
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
 def test_unclosed_file() -> None:
     def open() -> None:
@@ -147,7 +168,7 @@ def test_seek() -> None:
     ],
 )
 @pytest.mark.timeout(timeout=3)
-def test_timeouts(test_file) -> None:
+def test_timeouts(test_file: str) -> None:
     with open(test_file, "rb") as f:
         with Image.open(f) as im:
             with pytest.raises(OSError):
@@ -160,7 +181,7 @@ def test_timeouts(test_file) -> None:
         "Tests/images/crash-5762152299364352.fli",
     ],
 )
-def test_crash(test_file) -> None:
+def test_crash(test_file: str) -> None:
     with open(test_file, "rb") as f:
         with Image.open(f) as im:
             with pytest.raises(OSError):

Tests/test_file_gif.py

@@ -695,6 +695,9 @@ def test_dispose2_palette(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             # Center remains red every frame
             assert rgb_img.getpixel((50, 50)) == circle
 
+            # Check that frame transparency wasn't added unnecessarily
+            assert img._frame_transparency is None
+
 
 def test_dispose2_diff(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
@@ -782,6 +785,25 @@ def test_dispose2_background_frame(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert im.n_frames == 3
 
 
+def test_dispose2_previous_frame(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
+
+    im = Image.new("P", (100, 100))
+    im.info["transparency"] = 0
+    d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+    d.rectangle([(0, 0), (100, 50)], 1)
+    im.putpalette((0, 0, 0, 255, 0, 0))
+
+    im2 = Image.new("P", (100, 100))
+    im2.putpalette((0, 0, 0))
+
+    im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=[im2], disposal=[0, 2])
+
+    with Image.open(out) as im:
+        im.seek(1)
+        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 0, 255)
+
+
 def test_transparency_in_second_frame(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
     with Image.open("Tests/images/different_transparency.gif") as im:
@@ -1161,6 +1183,21 @@ def test_append_images(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert reread.n_frames == 10
 
 
+def test_append_different_size_image(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
+
+    im = Image.new("RGB", (100, 100))
+    bigger_im = Image.new("RGB", (200, 200), "#f00")
+
+    im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=[bigger_im])
+
+    with Image.open(out) as reread:
+        assert reread.size == (100, 100)
+
+        reread.seek(1)
+        assert reread.size == (100, 100)
+
+
 def test_transparent_optimize(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # From issue #2195, if the transparent color is incorrectly optimized out, GIF loses
     # transparency.

Tests/test_file_gribstub.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import IO
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -55,15 +56,15 @@ def test_handler(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         loaded = False
         saved = False
 
-        def open(self, im) -> None:
+        def open(self, im: Image.Image) -> None:
             self.opened = True
 
-        def load(self, im):
+        def load(self, im: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
             self.loaded = True
             im.fp.close()
             return Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
 
-        def save(self, im, fp, filename) -> None:
+        def save(self, im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str) -> None:
             self.saved = True
 
     handler = TestHandler()

Tests/test_file_hdf5stub.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import IO
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -56,15 +57,15 @@ def test_handler(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         loaded = False
         saved = False
 
-        def open(self, im) -> None:
+        def open(self, im: Image.Image) -> None:
             self.opened = True
 
-        def load(self, im):
+        def load(self, im: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
             self.loaded = True
             im.fp.close()
             return Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
 
-        def save(self, im, fp, filename) -> None:
+        def save(self, im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str) -> None:
             self.saved = True
 
     handler = TestHandler()

Tests/test_file_ico.py

@@ -38,6 +38,17 @@ def test_black_and_white() -> None:
         assert im.size == (16, 16)
 
 
+def test_palette(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    temp_file = str(tmp_path / "temp.ico")
+
+    im = Image.new("P", (16, 16))
+    im.save(temp_file)
+
+    with Image.open(temp_file) as reloaded:
+        assert reloaded.mode == "P"
+        assert reloaded.palette is not None
+
+
 def test_invalid_file() -> None:
     with open("Tests/images/flower.jpg", "rb") as fp:
         with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
@@ -135,7 +146,7 @@ def test_different_bit_depths(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "L", "P", "RGB", "RGBA"))
-def test_save_to_bytes_bmp(mode) -> None:
+def test_save_to_bytes_bmp(mode: str) -> None:
     output = io.BytesIO()
     im = hopper(mode)
     im.save(output, "ico", bitmap_format="bmp", sizes=[(32, 32), (64, 64)])

Tests/test_file_im.py

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def test_eoferror() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("RGB", "P", "PA"))
-def test_roundtrip(mode, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def test_roundtrip(mode: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     out = str(tmp_path / "temp.im")
     im = hopper(mode)
     im.save(out)

Tests/test_file_iptc.py

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ def test_i() -> None:
     assert ret == 97
 
 
-def test_dump(monkeypatch) -> None:
+def test_dump(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     # Arrange
     c = b"abc"
     # Temporarily redirect stdout

Tests/test_file_jpeg.py

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ import re
 import warnings
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ from .helper import (
     skip_unless_feature,
 )
 
+ElementTree: ModuleType | None
 try:
     from defusedxml import ElementTree
 except ImportError:
@@ -43,14 +45,20 @@ TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/hopper.jpg"
 
 @skip_unless_feature("jpg")
 class TestFileJpeg:
-    def roundtrip(self, im: Image.Image, **options: Any) -> Image.Image:
+    def roundtrip_with_bytes(
+        self, im: Image.Image, **options: Any
+    ) -> tuple[JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile, int]:
         out = BytesIO()
         im.save(out, "JPEG", **options)
         test_bytes = out.tell()
         out.seek(0)
-        im = Image.open(out)
+        reloaded = cast(JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile, Image.open(out))
-        im.bytes = test_bytes  # for testing only
+        return reloaded, test_bytes
-        return im
+
+    def roundtrip(
+        self, im: Image.Image, **options: Any
+    ) -> JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile:
+        return self.roundtrip_with_bytes(im, **options)[0]
 
     def gen_random_image(self, size: tuple[int, int], mode: str = "RGB") -> Image.Image:
         """Generates a very hard to compress file
@@ -244,13 +252,13 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             im.save(f, progressive=True, quality=94, exif=b" " * 43668)
 
     def test_optimize(self) -> None:
-        im1 = self.roundtrip(hopper())
+        im1, im1_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper())
-        im2 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), optimize=0)
+        im2, im2_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper(), optimize=0)
-        im3 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), optimize=1)
+        im3, im3_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper(), optimize=1)
         assert_image_equal(im1, im2)
         assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
-        assert im1.bytes >= im2.bytes
+        assert im1_bytes >= im2_bytes
-        assert im1.bytes >= im3.bytes
+        assert im1_bytes >= im3_bytes
 
     def test_optimize_large_buffer(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/148
@@ -260,15 +268,15 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         im.save(f, format="JPEG", optimize=True)
 
     def test_progressive(self) -> None:
-        im1 = self.roundtrip(hopper())
+        im1, im1_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper())
         im2 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progressive=False)
-        im3 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progressive=True)
+        im3, im3_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper(), progressive=True)
         assert not im1.info.get("progressive")
         assert not im2.info.get("progressive")
         assert im3.info.get("progressive")
 
         assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
-        assert im1.bytes >= im3.bytes
+        assert im1_bytes >= im3_bytes
 
     def test_progressive_large_buffer(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
@@ -339,6 +347,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             assert exif.get_ifd(0x8825) == {}
 
             transposed = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
+        assert transposed is not None
         exif = transposed.getexif()
         assert exif.get_ifd(0x8825) == {}
 
@@ -417,14 +426,14 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         assert im3.info.get("progression")
 
     def test_quality(self) -> None:
-        im1 = self.roundtrip(hopper())
+        im1, im1_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper())
-        im2 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), quality=50)
+        im2, im2_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper(), quality=50)
         assert_image(im1, im2.mode, im2.size)
-        assert im1.bytes >= im2.bytes
+        assert im1_bytes >= im2_bytes
 
-        im3 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), quality=0)
+        im3, im3_bytes = self.roundtrip_with_bytes(hopper(), quality=0)
         assert_image(im1, im3.mode, im3.size)
-        assert im2.bytes > im3.bytes
+        assert im2_bytes > im3_bytes
 
     def test_smooth(self) -> None:
         im1 = self.roundtrip(hopper())
@@ -440,25 +449,25 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         for subsampling in (-1, 3):  # (default, invalid)
             im = self.roundtrip(hopper(), subsampling=subsampling)
             assert getsampling(im) == (2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1)
-        for subsampling in (0, "4:4:4"):
+        for subsampling1 in (0, "4:4:4"):
-            im = self.roundtrip(hopper(), subsampling=subsampling)
+            im = self.roundtrip(hopper(), subsampling=subsampling1)
             assert getsampling(im) == (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
-        for subsampling in (1, "4:2:2"):
+        for subsampling1 in (1, "4:2:2"):
-            im = self.roundtrip(hopper(), subsampling=subsampling)
+            im = self.roundtrip(hopper(), subsampling=subsampling1)
             assert getsampling(im) == (2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
-        for subsampling in (2, "4:2:0", "4:1:1"):
+        for subsampling1 in (2, "4:2:0", "4:1:1"):
-            im = self.roundtrip(hopper(), subsampling=subsampling)
+            im = self.roundtrip(hopper(), subsampling=subsampling1)
             assert getsampling(im) == (2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1)
 
         # RGB colorspace
-        for subsampling in (-1, 0, "4:4:4"):
+        for subsampling1 in (-1, 0, "4:4:4"):
             # "4:4:4" doesn't really make sense for RGB, but the conversion
             # to an integer happens at a higher level
-            im = self.roundtrip(hopper(), keep_rgb=True, subsampling=subsampling)
+            im = self.roundtrip(hopper(), keep_rgb=True, subsampling=subsampling1)
             assert getsampling(im) == (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
-        for subsampling in (1, "4:2:2", 2, "4:2:0", 3):
+        for subsampling1 in (1, "4:2:2", 2, "4:2:0", 3):
             with pytest.raises(OSError):
-                self.roundtrip(hopper(), keep_rgb=True, subsampling=subsampling)
+                self.roundtrip(hopper(), keep_rgb=True, subsampling=subsampling1)
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
             self.roundtrip(hopper(), subsampling="1:1:1")
@@ -984,13 +993,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             def decode(self, buffer: bytes) -> tuple[int, int]:
                 return 0, 0
 
-        decoder = InfiniteMockPyDecoder(None)
+        Image.register_decoder("INFINITE", InfiniteMockPyDecoder)
-
-        def closure(mode: str, *args) -> InfiniteMockPyDecoder:
-            decoder.__init__(mode, *args)
-            return decoder
-
-        Image.register_decoder("INFINITE", closure)
 
         with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             im.tile = [

Tests/test_file_jpeg2k.py

@@ -40,10 +40,8 @@ test_card.load()
 def roundtrip(im: Image.Image, **options: Any) -> Image.Image:
     out = BytesIO()
     im.save(out, "JPEG2000", **options)
-    test_bytes = out.tell()
     out.seek(0)
     with Image.open(out) as im:
-        im.bytes = test_bytes  # for testing only
         im.load()
     return im
 
@@ -77,7 +75,9 @@ def test_invalid_file() -> None:
 def test_bytesio() -> None:
     with open("Tests/images/test-card-lossless.jp2", "rb") as f:
         data = BytesIO(f.read())
-    assert_image_similar_tofile(test_card, data, 1.0e-3)
+    with Image.open(data) as im:
+        im.load()
+        assert_image_similar(im, test_card, 1.0e-3)
 
 
 # These two test pre-written JPEG 2000 files that were not written with
@@ -340,6 +340,7 @@ def test_parser_feed() -> None:
     p.feed(data)
 
     # Assert
+    assert p.image is not None
     assert p.image.size == (640, 480)
 
 

Tests/test_file_libtiff.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from .helper import (
 
 @skip_unless_feature("libtiff")
 class LibTiffTestCase:
-    def _assert_noerr(self, tmp_path: Path, im: Image.Image) -> None:
+    def _assert_noerr(self, tmp_path: Path, im: TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile) -> None:
         """Helper tests that assert basic sanity about the g4 tiff reading"""
         # 1 bit
         assert im.mode == "1"
@@ -524,7 +524,8 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
             im.save(out, compression=compression)
 
     def test_fp_leak(self) -> None:
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_g4_500.tif")
+        im: Image.Image | None = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_g4_500.tif")
+        assert im is not None
         fn = im.fp.fileno()
 
         os.fstat(fn)
@@ -716,6 +717,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
                 f.write(src.read())
 
         im = Image.open(tmpfile)
+        assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
         im.n_frames
         im.close()
         # Should not raise PermissionError.
@@ -1097,6 +1099,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
 
         with Image.open(out) as im:
             # Assert that there are multiple strips
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert len(im.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]) > 1
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("argument", (True, False))
@@ -1113,6 +1116,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
             im.save(out, **arguments)
 
             with Image.open(out) as im:
+                assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
                 assert len(im.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]) == 1
         finally:
             TiffImagePlugin.STRIP_SIZE = 65536

Tests/test_file_mcidas.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def test_valid_file() -> None:
     # https://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/hydro/details/cmx3g8
     # https://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/pub/fieldCampaigns/camex3/cmx3g8/browse/
     test_file = "Tests/images/cmx3g8_wv_1998.260_0745_mcidas.ara"
-    saved_file = "Tests/images/cmx3g8_wv_1998.260_0745_mcidas.png"
+    saved_file = "Tests/images/cmx3g8_wv_1998.260_0745_mcidas.tiff"
 
     # Act
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:

Tests/test_file_mpo.py

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import warnings
 from io import BytesIO
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image
+from PIL import Image, MpoImagePlugin
 
 from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal,
@@ -20,14 +20,11 @@ test_files = ["Tests/images/sugarshack.mpo", "Tests/images/frozenpond.mpo"]
 pytestmark = skip_unless_feature("jpg")
 
 
-def roundtrip(im: Image.Image, **options: Any) -> Image.Image:
+def roundtrip(im: Image.Image, **options: Any) -> MpoImagePlugin.MpoImageFile:
     out = BytesIO()
     im.save(out, "MPO", **options)
-    test_bytes = out.tell()
     out.seek(0)
-    im = Image.open(out)
+    return cast(MpoImagePlugin.MpoImageFile, Image.open(out))
-    im.bytes = test_bytes  # for testing only
-    return im
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_file", test_files)

Tests/test_file_msp.py

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def test_open_windows_v1() -> None:
         assert isinstance(im, MspImagePlugin.MspImageFile)
 
 
-def _assert_file_image_equal(source_path, target_path) -> None:
+def _assert_file_image_equal(source_path: str, target_path: str) -> None:
     with Image.open(source_path) as im:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, target_path)
 

Tests/test_file_palm.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from PIL import Image
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper, magick_command
 
 
-def helper_save_as_palm(tmp_path: Path, mode) -> None:
+def helper_save_as_palm(tmp_path: Path, mode: str) -> None:
     # Arrange
     im = hopper(mode)
     outfile = str(tmp_path / ("temp_" + mode + ".palm"))
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def helper_save_as_palm(tmp_path: Path, mode) -> None:
     assert os.path.getsize(outfile) > 0
 
 
-def open_with_magick(magick, tmp_path: Path, f):
+def open_with_magick(magick: list[str], tmp_path: Path, f: str) -> Image.Image:
     outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
     rc = subprocess.call(
         magick + [f, outfile], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def open_with_magick(magick, tmp_path: Path, f):
     return Image.open(outfile)
 
 
-def roundtrip(tmp_path: Path, mode) -> None:
+def roundtrip(tmp_path: Path, mode: str) -> None:
     magick = magick_command()
     if not magick:
         return
@@ -66,6 +66,6 @@ def test_p_mode(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "RGB"))
-def test_oserror(tmp_path: Path, mode) -> None:
+def test_oserror(tmp_path: Path, mode: str) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
         helper_save_as_palm(tmp_path, mode)

Tests/test_file_pcx.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from PIL import Image, ImageFile, PcxImagePlugin
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper
 
 
-def _roundtrip(tmp_path: Path, im) -> None:
+def _roundtrip(tmp_path: Path, im: Image.Image) -> None:
     f = str(tmp_path / "temp.pcx")
     im.save(f)
     with Image.open(f) as im2:
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def test_invalid_file() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "L", "P", "RGB"))
-def test_odd(tmp_path: Path, mode) -> None:
+def test_odd(tmp_path: Path, mode: str) -> None:
     # See issue #523, odd sized images should have a stride that's even.
     # Not that ImageMagick or GIMP write PCX that way.
     # We were not handling properly.
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def test_large_count(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     _roundtrip(tmp_path, im)
 
 
-def _test_buffer_overflow(tmp_path: Path, im, size: int = 1024) -> None:
+def _test_buffer_overflow(tmp_path: Path, im: Image.Image, size: int = 1024) -> None:
     _last = ImageFile.MAXBLOCK
     ImageFile.MAXBLOCK = size
     try:

Tests/test_file_pdf.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import tempfile
 import time
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Generator
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ from PIL import Image, PdfParser, features
 from .helper import hopper, mark_if_feature_version, skip_unless_feature
 
 
-def helper_save_as_pdf(tmp_path: Path, mode, **kwargs):
+def helper_save_as_pdf(tmp_path: Path, mode: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
     # Arrange
     im = hopper(mode)
     outfile = str(tmp_path / ("temp_" + mode + ".pdf"))
@@ -41,13 +42,13 @@ def helper_save_as_pdf(tmp_path: Path, mode, **kwargs):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "P", "RGB", "CMYK"))
-def test_save(tmp_path: Path, mode) -> None:
+def test_save(tmp_path: Path, mode: str) -> None:
     helper_save_as_pdf(tmp_path, mode)
 
 
 @skip_unless_feature("jpg_2000")
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("LA", "RGBA"))
-def test_save_alpha(tmp_path: Path, mode) -> None:
+def test_save_alpha(tmp_path: Path, mode: str) -> None:
     helper_save_as_pdf(tmp_path, mode)
 
 
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ def test_resolution(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         {"dpi": (75, 150), "resolution": 200},
     ),
 )
-def test_dpi(params, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def test_dpi(params: dict[str, int | tuple[int, int]], tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im = hopper()
 
     outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.pdf")
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ def test_save_all(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert os.path.getsize(outfile) > 0
 
         # Test appending using a generator
-        def im_generator(ims):
+        def im_generator(ims: list[Image.Image]) -> Generator[Image.Image, None, None]:
             yield from ims
 
         im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=im_generator(ims))
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@ def test_pdf_append_fails_on_nonexistent_file() -> None:
             im.save(os.path.join(temp_dir, "nonexistent.pdf"), append=True)
 
 
-def check_pdf_pages_consistency(pdf) -> None:
+def check_pdf_pages_consistency(pdf: PdfParser.PdfParser) -> None:
     pages_info = pdf.read_indirect(pdf.pages_ref)
     assert b"Parent" not in pages_info
     assert b"Kids" in pages_info
@@ -381,7 +382,7 @@ def test_pdf_append_to_bytesio() -> None:
 @pytest.mark.timeout(1)
 @pytest.mark.skipif("PILLOW_VALGRIND_TEST" in os.environ, reason="Valgrind is slower")
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("newline", (b"\r", b"\n"))
-def test_redos(newline) -> None:
+def test_redos(newline: bytes) -> None:
     malicious = b" trailer<<>>" + newline * 3456
 
     # This particular exception isn't relevant here.

Tests/test_file_png.py

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ import warnings
 import zlib
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ from .helper import (
     skip_unless_feature,
 )
 
+ElementTree: ModuleType | None
 try:
     from defusedxml import ElementTree
 except ImportError:
@@ -57,11 +59,11 @@ def load(data: bytes) -> Image.Image:
     return Image.open(BytesIO(data))
 
 
-def roundtrip(im: Image.Image, **options: Any) -> Image.Image:
+def roundtrip(im: Image.Image, **options: Any) -> PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile:
     out = BytesIO()
     im.save(out, "PNG", **options)
     out.seek(0)
-    return Image.open(out)
+    return cast(PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile, Image.open(out))
 
 
 @skip_unless_feature("zlib")
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ class TestFilePng:
             im = hopper(mode)
             im.save(test_file)
             with Image.open(test_file) as reloaded:
-                if mode in ("I;16", "I;16B"):
+                if mode in ("I", "I;16B"):
                     reloaded = reloaded.convert(mode)
                 assert_image_equal(reloaded, im)
 
@@ -302,8 +304,8 @@ class TestFilePng:
         assert im.getcolors() == [(100, (0, 0, 0, 0))]
 
     def test_save_grayscale_transparency(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        for mode, num_transparent in {"1": 1994, "L": 559, "I": 559}.items():
+        for mode, num_transparent in {"1": 1994, "L": 559, "I;16": 559}.items():
-            in_file = "Tests/images/" + mode.lower() + "_trns.png"
+            in_file = "Tests/images/" + mode.split(";")[0].lower() + "_trns.png"
             with Image.open(in_file) as im:
                 assert im.mode == mode
                 assert im.info["transparency"] == 255
@@ -617,6 +619,10 @@ class TestFilePng:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_idat_after_image_end.png") as im:
             assert im.text == {"TXT": "VALUE", "ZIP": "VALUE"}
 
+    def test_unknown_compression_method(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="Unknown compression method"):
+            PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile("Tests/images/unknown_compression_method.png")
+
     def test_padded_idat(self) -> None:
         # This image has been manually hexedited
         # so that the IDAT chunk has padding at the end
@@ -781,6 +787,18 @@ class TestFilePng:
         with Image.open(mystdout) as reloaded:
             assert_image_equal_tofile(reloaded, TEST_PNG_FILE)
 
+    def test_truncated_end_chunk(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_end_chunk.png") as im:
+            with pytest.raises(OSError):
+                im.load()
+
+        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+        try:
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_end_chunk.png") as im:
+                assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/hopper.png")
+        finally:
+            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
+
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_win32(), reason="Requires Unix or macOS")
 @skip_unless_feature("zlib")

Tests/test_file_ppm.py

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def test_16bit_pgm() -> None:
         assert im.size == (20, 100)
         assert im.get_format_mimetype() == "image/x-portable-graymap"
 
-        assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/16_bit_binary_pgm.png")
+        assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/16_bit_binary_pgm.tiff")
 
 
 def test_16bit_pgm_write(tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_psd.py

@@ -113,6 +113,11 @@ def test_rgba() -> None:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_square.png")
 
 
+def test_negative_top_left_layer() -> None:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/negative_top_left_layer.psd") as im:
+        assert im.layers[0][2] == (-50, -50, 50, 50)
+
+
 def test_layer_skip() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/five_channels.psd") as im:
         assert im.n_frames == 1
@@ -157,7 +162,7 @@ def test_combined_larger_than_size() -> None:
         ("Tests/images/timeout-dedc7a4ebd856d79b4359bbcc79e8ef231ce38f6.psd", OSError),
     ],
 )
-def test_crashes(test_file, raises) -> None:
+def test_crashes(test_file: str, raises) -> None:
     with open(test_file, "rb") as f:
         with pytest.raises(raises):
             with Image.open(f):

Tests/test_file_spider.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageSequence, SpiderImagePlugin
 
-from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile, hopper, is_pypy
+from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper, is_pypy
 
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/hopper.spider"
 
@@ -160,4 +160,5 @@ def test_odd_size() -> None:
     im.save(data, format="SPIDER")
 
     data.seek(0)
-    assert_image_equal_tofile(im, data)
+    with Image.open(data) as im2:
+        assert_image_equal(im, im2)

Tests/test_file_tar.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ TEST_TAR_FILE = "Tests/images/hopper.tar"
         ("jpg", "hopper.jpg", "JPEG"),
     ),
 )
-def test_sanity(codec, test_path, format) -> None:
+def test_sanity(codec: str, test_path: str, format: str) -> None:
     if features.check(codec):
         with TarIO.TarIO(TEST_TAR_FILE, test_path) as tar:
             with Image.open(tar) as im:

Tests/test_file_tga.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image
+from PIL import Image, UnidentifiedImageError
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_equal_tofile, hopper
 
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ _ORIGIN_TO_ORIENTATION = {"tl": 1, "bl": -1}
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", _MODES)
-def test_sanity(mode, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def test_sanity(mode: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    def roundtrip(original_im) -> None:
+    def roundtrip(original_im: Image.Image) -> None:
         out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tga")
 
         original_im.save(out, rle=rle)
@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@ def test_sanity(mode, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                     roundtrip(original_im)
 
 
+def test_palette_depth_8(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):
+        Image.open("Tests/images/p_8.tga")
+
+
 def test_palette_depth_16(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/p_16.tga") as im:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im.convert("RGB"), "Tests/images/p_16.png")
@@ -133,6 +138,11 @@ def test_small_palette(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert reloaded.getpalette() == colors
 
 
+def test_missing_palette() -> None:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/dilation4.lut") as im:
+        assert im.mode == "L"
+
+
 def test_save_wrong_mode(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im = hopper("PA")
     out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tga")

Tests/test_file_tiff.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import os
 import warnings
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import Generator
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@ from .helper import (
     is_win32,
 )
 
+ElementTree: ModuleType | None
 try:
     from defusedxml import ElementTree
 except ImportError:
@@ -156,7 +159,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
         "resolution_unit, dpi",
         [(None, 72.8), (2, 72.8), (3, 184.912)],
     )
-    def test_load_float_dpi(self, resolution_unit, dpi) -> None:
+    def test_load_float_dpi(self, resolution_unit: int | None, dpi: float) -> None:
         with Image.open(
             "Tests/images/hopper_float_dpi_" + str(resolution_unit) + ".tif"
         ) as im:
@@ -284,7 +287,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             ("Tests/images/multipage.tiff", 3),
         ),
     )
-    def test_n_frames(self, path, n_frames) -> None:
+    def test_n_frames(self, path: str, n_frames: int) -> None:
         with Image.open(path) as im:
             assert im.n_frames == n_frames
             assert im.is_animated == (n_frames != 1)
@@ -402,7 +405,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             assert len_before == len_after + 1
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("legacy_api", (False, True))
-    def test_load_byte(self, legacy_api) -> None:
+    def test_load_byte(self, legacy_api: bool) -> None:
         ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
         data = b"abc"
         ret = ifd.load_byte(data, legacy_api)
@@ -431,7 +434,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             assert 0x8825 in im.tag_v2
 
     def test_exif(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        def check_exif(exif) -> None:
+        def check_exif(exif: Image.Exif) -> None:
             assert sorted(exif.keys()) == [
                 256,
                 257,
@@ -511,7 +514,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             assert im.getexif()[273] == (1408, 1907)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "L"))
-    def test_photometric(self, mode, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    def test_photometric(self, mode: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         filename = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
         im = hopper(mode)
         im.save(filename, tiffinfo={262: 0})
@@ -620,6 +623,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
         im.save(outfile, tiffinfo={278: 256})
 
         with Image.open(outfile) as im:
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
             assert im.tag_v2[278] == 256
 
     def test_strip_raw(self) -> None:
@@ -660,7 +664,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
                 assert_image_equal_tofile(reloaded, infile)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("P", "PA"))
-    def test_palette(self, mode, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    def test_palette(self, mode: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
 
         im = hopper(mode)
@@ -689,7 +693,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             assert reread.n_frames == 3
 
         # Test appending using a generator
-        def im_generator(ims):
+        def im_generator(ims: list[Image.Image]) -> Generator[Image.Image, None, None]:
             yield from ims
 
         mp = BytesIO()
@@ -911,7 +915,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
         ],
     )
     @pytest.mark.timeout(2)
-    def test_oom(self, test_file) -> None:
+    def test_oom(self, test_file: str) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):
             with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
                 with Image.open(test_file):

Tests/test_file_tiff_metadata.py

@@ -189,7 +189,9 @@ def test_iptc(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("value, expected", ((b"test", "test"), (1, "1")))
-def test_writing_other_types_to_ascii(value, expected, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def test_writing_other_types_to_ascii(
+    value: bytes | int, expected: str, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
     info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
 
     tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[271]
@@ -206,7 +208,7 @@ def test_writing_other_types_to_ascii(value, expected, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", (1, IFDRational(1)))
-def test_writing_other_types_to_bytes(value, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def test_writing_other_types_to_bytes(value: int | IFDRational, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im = hopper()
     info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
 
@@ -222,14 +224,17 @@ def test_writing_other_types_to_bytes(value, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert reloaded.tag_v2[700] == b"\x01"
 
 
-def test_writing_other_types_to_undefined(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", (1, IFDRational(1)))
+def test_writing_other_types_to_undefined(
+    value: int | IFDRational, tmp_path: Path
+) -> None:
     im = hopper()
     info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
 
     tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[33723]
     assert tag.type == TiffTags.UNDEFINED
 
-    info[33723] = 1
+    info[33723] = value
 
     out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tiff")
     im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)

Tests/test_file_webp_metadata.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
+from types import ModuleType
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ pytestmark = [
     skip_unless_feature("webp_mux"),
 ]
 
+ElementTree: ModuleType | None
 try:
     from defusedxml import ElementTree
 except ImportError:

Tests/test_font_leaks.py

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
+from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, _util
 
-from .helper import PillowLeakTestCase, skip_unless_feature
+from .helper import PillowLeakTestCase, features, skip_unless_feature
+
+original_core = ImageFont.core
 
 
 class TestTTypeFontLeak(PillowLeakTestCase):
@@ -31,5 +33,11 @@ class TestDefaultFontLeak(TestTTypeFontLeak):
     mem_limit = 1024  # k
 
     def test_leak(self) -> None:
+        if features.check_module("freetype2"):
+            ImageFont.core = _util.DeferredError(ImportError)
+        try:
             default_font = ImageFont.load_default()
+        finally:
+            ImageFont.core = original_core
+
         self._test_font(default_font)

Tests/test_format_hsv.py

@@ -2,21 +2,18 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import colorsys
 import itertools
+from typing import Callable
 
 from PIL import Image
 
 from .helper import assert_image_similar, hopper
 
 
-def int_to_float(i):
+def int_to_float(i: int) -> float:
     return i / 255
 
 
-def str_to_float(i):
+def tuple_to_ints(tp: tuple[float, float, float]) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
-    return ord(i) / 255
-
-
-def tuple_to_ints(tp):
     x, y, z = tp
     return int(x * 255.0), int(y * 255.0), int(z * 255.0)
 
@@ -25,7 +22,7 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
     Image.new("HSV", (100, 100))
 
 
-def wedge():
+def wedge() -> Image.Image:
     w = Image._wedge()
     w90 = w.rotate(90)
 
@@ -49,7 +46,11 @@ def wedge():
     return img
 
 
-def to_xxx_colorsys(im, func, mode):
+def to_xxx_colorsys(
+    im: Image.Image,
+    func: Callable[[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]],
+    mode: str,
+) -> Image.Image:
     # convert the hard way using the library colorsys routines.
 
     (r, g, b) = im.split()
@@ -70,11 +71,11 @@ def to_xxx_colorsys(im, func, mode):
     return hsv
 
 
-def to_hsv_colorsys(im):
+def to_hsv_colorsys(im: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
     return to_xxx_colorsys(im, colorsys.rgb_to_hsv, "HSV")
 
 
-def to_rgb_colorsys(im):
+def to_rgb_colorsys(im: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
     return to_xxx_colorsys(im, colorsys.hsv_to_rgb, "RGB")
 
 

Tests/test_image.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import sys
 import tempfile
 import warnings
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import IO
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ from PIL import (
     ExifTags,
     Image,
     ImageDraw,
+    ImageFile,
     ImagePalette,
     UnidentifiedImageError,
     features,
@@ -61,11 +63,11 @@ class TestImage:
             "HSV",
         ),
     )
-    def test_image_modes_success(self, mode) -> None:
+    def test_image_modes_success(self, mode: str) -> None:
         Image.new(mode, (1, 1))
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("", "bad", "very very long"))
-    def test_image_modes_fail(self, mode) -> None:
+    def test_image_modes_fail(self, mode: str) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:
             Image.new(mode, (1, 1))
         assert str(e.value) == "unrecognized image mode"
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ class TestImage:
 
     def test_repr_pretty(self) -> None:
         class Pretty:
-            def text(self, text) -> None:
+            def text(self, text: str) -> None:
                 self.pretty_output = text
 
         im = Image.new("L", (100, 100))
@@ -137,13 +139,13 @@ class TestImage:
         assert im.height == 2
 
         with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
-            im.size = (3, 4)
+            im.size = (3, 4)  # type: ignore[misc]
 
     def test_set_mode(self) -> None:
         im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
 
         with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
-            im.mode = "P"
+            im.mode = "P"  # type: ignore[misc]
 
     def test_invalid_image(self) -> None:
         im = io.BytesIO(b"")
@@ -162,8 +164,6 @@ class TestImage:
                 pass
 
     def test_pathlib(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        from PIL.Image import Path
-
         with Image.open(Path("Tests/images/multipage-mmap.tiff")) as im:
             assert im.mode == "P"
             assert im.size == (10, 10)
@@ -184,7 +184,9 @@ class TestImage:
         temp_file = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
 
         class FP:
-            def write(self, b) -> None:
+            name: str
+
+            def write(self, b: bytes) -> None:
                 pass
 
         fp = FP()
@@ -538,7 +540,7 @@ class TestImage:
         "PILLOW_VALGRIND_TEST" in os.environ, reason="Valgrind is slower"
     )
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", ((0, 100000000), (100000000, 0)))
-    def test_empty_image(self, size) -> None:
+    def test_empty_image(self, size: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
         Image.new("RGB", size)
 
     def test_storage_neg(self) -> None:
@@ -565,7 +567,7 @@ class TestImage:
             Image.linear_gradient(wrong_mode)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "P", "I", "F"))
-    def test_linear_gradient(self, mode) -> None:
+    def test_linear_gradient(self, mode: str) -> None:
         # Arrange
         target_file = "Tests/images/linear_gradient.png"
 
@@ -590,7 +592,7 @@ class TestImage:
             Image.radial_gradient(wrong_mode)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "P", "I", "F"))
-    def test_radial_gradient(self, mode) -> None:
+    def test_radial_gradient(self, mode: str) -> None:
         # Arrange
         target_file = "Tests/images/radial_gradient.png"
 
@@ -665,7 +667,11 @@ class TestImage:
         blank_p.palette = None
         blank_pa.palette = None
 
-        def _make_new(base_image, image, palette_result=None) -> None:
+        def _make_new(
+            base_image: Image.Image,
+            image: Image.Image,
+            palette_result: ImagePalette.ImagePalette | None = None,
+        ) -> None:
             new_image = base_image._new(image.im)
             assert new_image.mode == image.mode
             assert new_image.size == image.size
@@ -680,12 +686,15 @@ class TestImage:
         _make_new(im, blank_p, ImagePalette.ImagePalette())
         _make_new(im, blank_pa, ImagePalette.ImagePalette())
 
-    def test_p_from_rgb_rgba(self) -> None:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-        for mode, color in [
+        "mode, color",
+        (
             ("RGB", "#DDEEFF"),
             ("RGB", (221, 238, 255)),
             ("RGBA", (221, 238, 255, 255)),
-        ]:
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_p_from_rgb_rgba(self, mode: str, color: str | tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
         im = Image.new("P", (100, 100), color)
         expected = Image.new(mode, (100, 100), color)
         assert_image_equal(im.convert(mode), expected)
@@ -713,7 +722,7 @@ class TestImage:
     def test_load_on_nonexclusive_multiframe(self) -> None:
         with open("Tests/images/frozenpond.mpo", "rb") as fp:
 
-            def act(fp) -> None:
+            def act(fp: IO[bytes]) -> None:
                 im = Image.open(fp)
                 im.load()
 
@@ -906,12 +915,12 @@ class TestImage:
                 assert exif.get_ifd(0xA005)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", ((1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0)))
-    def test_zero_tobytes(self, size) -> None:
+    def test_zero_tobytes(self, size: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
         im = Image.new("RGB", size)
         assert im.tobytes() == b""
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", ((1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0)))
-    def test_zero_frombytes(self, size) -> None:
+    def test_zero_frombytes(self, size: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
         Image.frombytes("RGB", size, b"")
 
         im = Image.new("RGB", size)
@@ -996,7 +1005,7 @@ class TestImage:
             "01r_00.pcx",
         ],
     )
-    def test_overrun(self, path) -> None:
+    def test_overrun(self, path: str) -> None:
         """For overrun completeness, test as:
         valgrind pytest -qq Tests/test_image.py::TestImage::test_overrun | grep decode.c
         """
@@ -1023,7 +1032,7 @@ class TestImage:
             pass
         assert not hasattr(im, "fp")
 
-    def test_close_graceful(self, caplog) -> None:
+    def test_close_graceful(self, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.jpg") as im:
             copy = im.copy()
             with caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG):
@@ -1033,25 +1042,20 @@ class TestImage:
             assert im.fp is None
 
 
-class MockEncoder:
+class MockEncoder(ImageFile.PyEncoder):
     pass
 
 
-def mock_encode(*args):
-    encoder = MockEncoder()
-    encoder.args = args
-    return encoder
-
-
 class TestRegistry:
     def test_encode_registry(self) -> None:
-        Image.register_encoder("MOCK", mock_encode)
+        Image.register_encoder("MOCK", MockEncoder)
         assert "MOCK" in Image.ENCODERS
 
         enc = Image._getencoder("RGB", "MOCK", ("args",), extra=("extra",))
 
         assert isinstance(enc, MockEncoder)
-        assert enc.args == ("RGB", "args", "extra")
+        assert enc.mode == "RGB"
+        assert enc.args == ("args", "extra")
 
     def test_encode_registry_fail(self) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(OSError):

Tests/test_image_access.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import sysconfig
+from types import ModuleType
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper, is_win32
 
 # CFFI imports pycparser which doesn't support PYTHONOPTIMIZE=2
 # https://github.com/eliben/pycparser/pull/198#issuecomment-317001670
+cffi: ModuleType | None
 if os.environ.get("PYTHONOPTIMIZE") == "2":
     cffi = None
 else:
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ else:
     except ImportError:
         cffi = None
 
+numpy: ModuleType | None
 try:
     import numpy
 except ImportError:
@@ -71,9 +74,10 @@ class TestImagePutPixel(AccessTest):
         pix1 = im1.load()
         pix2 = im2.load()
 
-        for x, y in ((0, "0"), ("0", 0)):
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-                pix1[x, y]
+            pix1[0, "0"]
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            pix1["0", 0]
 
         for y in range(im1.size[1]):
             for x in range(im1.size[0]):
@@ -123,12 +127,13 @@ class TestImagePutPixel(AccessTest):
         im = hopper()
         pix = im.load()
 
+        assert numpy is not None
         assert pix[numpy.int32(1), numpy.int32(2)] == (18, 20, 59)
 
 
 class TestImageGetPixel(AccessTest):
     @staticmethod
-    def color(mode):
+    def color(mode: str) -> int | tuple[int, ...]:
         bands = Image.getmodebands(mode)
         if bands == 1:
             return 1
@@ -138,12 +143,13 @@ class TestImageGetPixel(AccessTest):
             return (16, 32, 49)
         return tuple(range(1, bands + 1))
 
-    def check(self, mode, expected_color=None) -> None:
+    def check(self, mode: str, expected_color_int: int | None = None) -> None:
         if self._need_cffi_access and mode.startswith("BGR;"):
             pytest.skip("Support not added to deprecated module for BGR;* modes")
 
-        if not expected_color:
+        expected_color = (
-            expected_color = self.color(mode)
+            self.color(mode) if expected_color_int is None else expected_color_int
+        )
 
         # check putpixel
         im = Image.new(mode, (1, 1), None)
@@ -222,7 +228,7 @@ class TestImageGetPixel(AccessTest):
             "YCbCr",
         ),
     )
-    def test_basic(self, mode) -> None:
+    def test_basic(self, mode: str) -> None:
         self.check(mode)
 
     def test_list(self) -> None:
@@ -231,14 +237,14 @@ class TestImageGetPixel(AccessTest):
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("I;16", "I;16B"))
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("expected_color", (2**15 - 1, 2**15, 2**15 + 1, 2**16 - 1))
-    def test_signedness(self, mode, expected_color) -> None:
+    def test_signedness(self, mode: str, expected_color: int) -> None:
         # see https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/452
         # pixelaccess is using signed int* instead of uint*
         self.check(mode, expected_color)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("P", "PA"))
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("color", ((255, 0, 0), (255, 0, 0, 255)))
-    def test_p_putpixel_rgb_rgba(self, mode, color) -> None:
+    def test_p_putpixel_rgb_rgba(self, mode: str, color: tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
         im = Image.new(mode, (1, 1))
         im.putpixel((0, 0), color)
 
@@ -262,7 +268,7 @@ class TestCffiGetPixel(TestImageGetPixel):
 class TestCffi(AccessTest):
     _need_cffi_access = True
 
-    def _test_get_access(self, im) -> None:
+    def _test_get_access(self, im: Image.Image) -> None:
         """Do we get the same thing as the old pixel access
 
         Using private interfaces, forcing a capi access and
@@ -299,7 +305,7 @@ class TestCffi(AccessTest):
         # im = Image.new('I;32B', (10, 10), 2**10)
         # self._test_get_access(im)
 
-    def _test_set_access(self, im, color) -> None:
+    def _test_set_access(self, im: Image.Image, color: tuple[int, ...] | float) -> None:
         """Are we writing the correct bits into the image?
 
         Using private interfaces, forcing a capi access and
@@ -359,7 +365,7 @@ class TestCffi(AccessTest):
                 assert px[i, 0] == 0
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("P", "PA"))
-    def test_p_putpixel_rgb_rgba(self, mode) -> None:
+    def test_p_putpixel_rgb_rgba(self, mode: str) -> None:
         for color in ((255, 0, 0), (255, 0, 0, 127 if mode == "PA" else 255)):
             im = Image.new(mode, (1, 1))
             with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
@@ -377,7 +383,7 @@ class TestImagePutPixelError(AccessTest):
     INVALID_TYPES = ["foo", 1.0, None]
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", IMAGE_MODES1)
-    def test_putpixel_type_error1(self, mode) -> None:
+    def test_putpixel_type_error1(self, mode: str) -> None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         for v in self.INVALID_TYPES:
             with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="color must be int or tuple"):
@@ -400,14 +406,16 @@ class TestImagePutPixelError(AccessTest):
             ),
         ),
     )
-    def test_putpixel_invalid_number_of_bands(self, mode, band_numbers, match) -> None:
+    def test_putpixel_invalid_number_of_bands(
+        self, mode: str, band_numbers: tuple[int, ...], match: str
+    ) -> None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         for band_number in band_numbers:
             with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=match):
                 im.putpixel((0, 0), (0,) * band_number)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", IMAGE_MODES2)
-    def test_putpixel_type_error2(self, mode) -> None:
+    def test_putpixel_type_error2(self, mode: str) -> None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         for v in self.INVALID_TYPES:
             with pytest.raises(
@@ -416,7 +424,7 @@ class TestImagePutPixelError(AccessTest):
                 im.putpixel((0, 0), v)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", IMAGE_MODES1 + IMAGE_MODES2)
-    def test_putpixel_overflow_error(self, mode) -> None:
+    def test_putpixel_overflow_error(self, mode: str) -> None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
             im.putpixel((0, 0), 2**80)
@@ -428,7 +436,7 @@ class TestEmbeddable:
     def test_embeddable(self) -> None:
         import ctypes
 
-        from setuptools.command.build_ext import new_compiler
+        from setuptools.command import build_ext
 
         with open("embed_pil.c", "w", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
             fh.write(
@@ -457,7 +465,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
                 % sys.prefix.replace("\\", "\\\\")
             )
 
-        compiler = new_compiler()
+        compiler = getattr(build_ext, "new_compiler")()
         compiler.add_include_dir(sysconfig.get_config_var("INCLUDEPY"))
 
         libdir = sysconfig.get_config_var("LIBDIR") or sysconfig.get_config_var(
@@ -471,7 +479,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
         env["PATH"] = sys.prefix + ";" + env["PATH"]
 
         # do not display the Windows Error Reporting dialog
-        ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetErrorMode(0x0002)
+        getattr(ctypes, "windll").kernel32.SetErrorMode(0x0002)
 
         process = subprocess.Popen(["embed_pil.exe"], env=env)
         process.communicate()

Tests/test_image_array.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from typing import Any
+
 import pytest
 from packaging.version import parse as parse_version
 
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ im = hopper().resize((128, 100))
 
 
 def test_toarray() -> None:
-    def test(mode):
+    def test(mode: str) -> tuple[tuple[int, ...], str, int]:
         ai = numpy.array(im.convert(mode))
         return ai.shape, ai.dtype.str, ai.nbytes
 
@@ -50,14 +52,14 @@ def test_fromarray() -> None:
     class Wrapper:
         """Class with API matching Image.fromarray"""
 
-        def __init__(self, img, arr_params) -> None:
+        def __init__(self, img: Image.Image, arr_params: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
             self.img = img
             self.__array_interface__ = arr_params
 
-        def tobytes(self):
+        def tobytes(self) -> bytes:
             return self.img.tobytes()
 
-    def test(mode):
+    def test(mode: str) -> tuple[str, tuple[int, int], bool]:
         i = im.convert(mode)
         a = numpy.array(i)
         # Make wrapper instance for image, new array interface

Tests/test_image_draft.py

@@ -7,7 +7,12 @@ from .helper import fromstring, skip_unless_feature, tostring
 pytestmark = skip_unless_feature("jpg")
 
 
-def draft_roundtrip(in_mode, in_size, req_mode, req_size):
+def draft_roundtrip(
+    in_mode: str,
+    in_size: tuple[int, int],
+    req_mode: str | None,
+    req_size: tuple[int, int] | None,
+) -> Image.Image:
     im = Image.new(in_mode, in_size)
     data = tostring(im, "JPEG")
     im = fromstring(data)

Tests/test_image_entropy.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from .helper import hopper
 
 
 def test_entropy() -> None:
-    def entropy(mode):
+    def entropy(mode: str) -> float:
         return hopper(mode).entropy()
 
     assert round(abs(entropy("1") - 0.9138803254693582), 7) == 0

Tests/test_image_filter.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper
     ),
 )
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "I", "RGB", "CMYK"))
-def test_sanity(filter_to_apply, mode) -> None:
+def test_sanity(filter_to_apply: ImageFilter.Filter, mode: str) -> None:
     im = hopper(mode)
     if mode != "I" or isinstance(filter_to_apply, ImageFilter.BuiltinFilter):
         out = im.filter(filter_to_apply)
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def test_sanity(filter_to_apply, mode) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "I", "RGB", "CMYK"))
-def test_sanity_error(mode) -> None:
+def test_sanity_error(mode: str) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
         im = hopper(mode)
         im.filter("hello")
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def test_sanity_error(mode) -> None:
 
 # crashes on small images
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", ((1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)))
-def test_crash(size) -> None:
+def test_crash(size: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGB", size)
     im.filter(ImageFilter.SMOOTH)
 
@@ -67,7 +67,10 @@ def test_crash(size) -> None:
         ("RGB", ((4, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0))),
     ),
 )
-def test_modefilter(mode, expected) -> None:
+def test_modefilter(
+    mode: str,
+    expected: tuple[int, int] | tuple[tuple[int, int, int], tuple[int, int, int]],
+) -> None:
     im = Image.new(mode, (3, 3), None)
     im.putdata(list(range(9)))
     # image is:
@@ -90,7 +93,13 @@ def test_modefilter(mode, expected) -> None:
         ("F", (0.0, 4.0, 8.0)),
     ),
 )
-def test_rankfilter(mode, expected) -> None:
+def test_rankfilter(
+    mode: str,
+    expected: (
+        tuple[float, float, float]
+        | tuple[tuple[int, int, int], tuple[int, int, int], tuple[int, int, int]]
+    ),
+) -> None:
     im = Image.new(mode, (3, 3), None)
     im.putdata(list(range(9)))
     # image is:
@@ -106,7 +115,7 @@ def test_rankfilter(mode, expected) -> None:
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "filter", (ImageFilter.MinFilter, ImageFilter.MedianFilter, ImageFilter.MaxFilter)
 )
-def test_rankfilter_error(filter) -> None:
+def test_rankfilter_error(filter: ImageFilter.RankFilter) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         im = Image.new("P", (3, 3), None)
         im.putdata(list(range(9)))
@@ -137,11 +146,9 @@ def test_kernel_not_enough_coefficients() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "LA", "I", "RGB", "CMYK"))
-def test_consistency_3x3(mode) -> None:
+def test_consistency_3x3(mode: str) -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.bmp") as source:
-        reference_name = "hopper_emboss"
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_emboss.bmp") as reference:
-        reference_name += "_I.png" if mode == "I" else ".bmp"
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/" + reference_name) as reference:
             kernel = ImageFilter.Kernel(
                 (3, 3),
                 # fmt: off
@@ -151,23 +158,13 @@ def test_consistency_3x3(mode) -> None:
                 # fmt: on
                 0.3,
             )
-            source = source.split() * 2
-            reference = reference.split() * 2
-
-            if mode == "I":
-                source = source[0].convert(mode)
-            else:
-                source = Image.merge(mode, source[: len(mode)])
-            reference = Image.merge(mode, reference[: len(mode)])
             assert_image_equal(source.filter(kernel), reference)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "LA", "I", "RGB", "CMYK"))
-def test_consistency_5x5(mode) -> None:
+def test_consistency_5x5(mode: str) -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.bmp") as source:
-        reference_name = "hopper_emboss_more"
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_emboss_more.bmp") as reference:
-        reference_name += "_I.png" if mode == "I" else ".bmp"
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/" + reference_name) as reference:
             kernel = ImageFilter.Kernel(
                 (5, 5),
                 # fmt: off
@@ -179,14 +176,6 @@ def test_consistency_5x5(mode) -> None:
                 # fmt: on
                 0.3,
             )
-            source = source.split() * 2
-            reference = reference.split() * 2
-
-            if mode == "I":
-                source = source[0].convert(mode)
-            else:
-                source = Image.merge(mode, source[: len(mode)])
-            reference = Image.merge(mode, reference[: len(mode)])
             assert_image_equal(source.filter(kernel), reference)
 
 
@@ -199,7 +188,7 @@ def test_consistency_5x5(mode) -> None:
         (2, -2),
     ),
 )
-def test_invalid_box_blur_filter(radius) -> None:
+def test_invalid_box_blur_filter(radius: int | tuple[int, int]) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         ImageFilter.BoxBlur(radius)
 

Tests/test_image_fromqimage.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import warnings
-from typing import Generator
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -17,17 +16,14 @@ pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(
     not ImageQt.qt_is_installed, reason="Qt bindings are not installed"
 )
 
-
+ims = [
-@pytest.fixture
-def test_images() -> Generator[Image.Image, None, None]:
-    ims = [
     hopper(),
     Image.open("Tests/images/transparent.png"),
     Image.open("Tests/images/7x13.png"),
-    ]
+]
-    try:
+
-        yield ims
+
-    finally:
+def teardown_module() -> None:
     for im in ims:
         im.close()
 
@@ -44,26 +40,26 @@ def roundtrip(expected: Image.Image) -> None:
         assert_image_equal(result, expected.convert("RGB"))
 
 
-def test_sanity_1(test_images: Generator[Image.Image, None, None]) -> None:
+def test_sanity_1() -> None:
-    for im in test_images:
+    for im in ims:
         roundtrip(im.convert("1"))
 
 
-def test_sanity_rgb(test_images: Generator[Image.Image, None, None]) -> None:
+def test_sanity_rgb() -> None:
-    for im in test_images:
+    for im in ims:
         roundtrip(im.convert("RGB"))
 
 
-def test_sanity_rgba(test_images: Generator[Image.Image, None, None]) -> None:
+def test_sanity_rgba() -> None:
-    for im in test_images:
+    for im in ims:
         roundtrip(im.convert("RGBA"))
 
 
-def test_sanity_l(test_images: Generator[Image.Image, None, None]) -> None:
+def test_sanity_l() -> None:
-    for im in test_images:
+    for im in ims:
         roundtrip(im.convert("L"))
 
 
-def test_sanity_p(test_images: Generator[Image.Image, None, None]) -> None:
+def test_sanity_p() -> None:
-    for im in test_images:
+    for im in ims:
         roundtrip(im.convert("P"))

Tests/test_image_getextrema.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from .helper import hopper
 
 
 def test_extrema() -> None:
-    def extrema(mode):
+    def extrema(mode: str) -> tuple[int, int] | tuple[tuple[int, int], ...]:
         return hopper(mode).getextrema()
 
     assert extrema("1") == (0, 255)

Tests/test_image_getpalette.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from .helper import hopper
 
 
 def test_palette() -> None:
-    def palette(mode):
+    def palette(mode: str) -> list[int] | None:
         p = hopper(mode).getpalette()
         if p:
             return p[:10]

Tests/test_image_paste.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from .helper import CachedProperty, assert_image_equal
 
 
 class TestImagingPaste:
-    masks = {}
     size = 128
 
     def assert_9points_image(
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ class TestImagingPaste:
     def assert_9points_paste(
         self,
         im: Image.Image,
-        im2: Image.Image,
+        im2: Image.Image | str | tuple[int, ...],
         mask: Image.Image,
         expected: list[tuple[int, int, int, int]],
     ) -> None:
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ class TestImagingPaste:
         self.assert_9points_image(im, expected)
 
     @CachedProperty
-    def mask_1(self):
+    def mask_1(self) -> Image.Image:
         mask = Image.new("1", (self.size, self.size))
         px = mask.load()
         for y in range(mask.height):
@@ -55,11 +54,11 @@ class TestImagingPaste:
         return mask
 
     @CachedProperty
-    def mask_L(self):
+    def mask_L(self) -> Image.Image:
         return self.gradient_L.transpose(Image.Transpose.ROTATE_270)
 
     @CachedProperty
-    def gradient_L(self):
+    def gradient_L(self) -> Image.Image:
         gradient = Image.new("L", (self.size, self.size))
         px = gradient.load()
         for y in range(gradient.height):
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ class TestImagingPaste:
         return gradient
 
     @CachedProperty
-    def gradient_RGB(self):
+    def gradient_RGB(self) -> Image.Image:
         return Image.merge(
             "RGB",
             [
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ class TestImagingPaste:
         )
 
     @CachedProperty
-    def gradient_LA(self):
+    def gradient_LA(self) -> Image.Image:
         return Image.merge(
             "LA",
             [
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ class TestImagingPaste:
         )
 
     @CachedProperty
-    def gradient_RGBA(self):
+    def gradient_RGBA(self) -> Image.Image:
         return Image.merge(
             "RGBA",
             [
@@ -101,7 +100,7 @@ class TestImagingPaste:
         )
 
     @CachedProperty
-    def gradient_RGBa(self):
+    def gradient_RGBa(self) -> Image.Image:
         return Image.merge(
             "RGBa",
             [

Tests/test_image_putdata.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 def test_long_integers() -> None:
     # see bug-200802-systemerror
-    def put(value):
+    def put(value: int) -> tuple[int, int, int, int]:
         im = Image.new("RGBA", (1, 1))
         im.putdata([value])
         return im.getpixel((0, 0))
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def test_mode_with_L_with_float() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("I", "I;16", "I;16L", "I;16B"))
-def test_mode_i(mode) -> None:
+def test_mode_i(mode: str) -> None:
     src = hopper("L")
     data = list(src.getdata())
     im = Image.new(mode, src.size, 0)
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def test_mode_F() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"))
-def test_mode_BGR(mode) -> None:
+def test_mode_BGR(mode: str) -> None:
     data = [(16, 32, 49), (32, 32, 98)]
     im = Image.new(mode, (1, 2))
     im.putdata(data)

Tests/test_image_putpalette.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_equal_tofile, hopper
 
 
 def test_putpalette() -> None:
-    def palette(mode):
+    def palette(mode: str) -> str | tuple[str, list[int]]:
         im = hopper(mode).copy()
         im.putpalette(list(range(256)) * 3)
         p = im.getpalette()
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def test_putpalette_with_alpha_values() -> None:
         ("RGBAX", (1, 2, 3, 4, 0)),
     ),
 )
-def test_rgba_palette(mode, palette) -> None:
+def test_rgba_palette(mode: str, palette: tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
     im = Image.new("P", (1, 1))
     im.putpalette(palette, mode)
     assert im.getpalette() == [1, 2, 3]

Tests/test_image_resample.py

@@ -231,11 +231,13 @@ class TestImagingCoreResampleAccuracy:
 
 
 class TestCoreResampleConsistency:
-    def make_case(self, mode: str, fill: tuple[int, int, int] | float):
+    def make_case(
+        self, mode: str, fill: tuple[int, int, int] | float
+    ) -> tuple[Image.Image, tuple[int, ...]]:
         im = Image.new(mode, (512, 9), fill)
         return im.resize((9, 512), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS), im.load()[0, 0]
 
-    def run_case(self, case) -> None:
+    def run_case(self, case: tuple[Image.Image, int | tuple[int, ...]]) -> None:
         channel, color = case
         px = channel.load()
         for x in range(channel.size[0]):
@@ -353,7 +355,7 @@ class TestCoreResampleAlphaCorrect:
 
 class TestCoreResamplePasses:
     @contextmanager
-    def count(self, diff):
+    def count(self, diff: int) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
         count = Image.core.get_stats()["new_count"]
         yield
         assert Image.core.get_stats()["new_count"] - count == diff

Tests/test_image_resize.py

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class TestImagingCoreResize:
 
     def test_unknown_filter(self) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            self.resize(hopper(), (10, 10), 9)
+            self.resize(hopper(), (10, 10), 9)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
     def test_cross_platform(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         # This test is intended for only check for consistent behaviour across

Tests/test_image_rotate.py

@@ -12,7 +12,13 @@ from .helper import (
 )
 
 
-def rotate(im, mode, angle, center=None, translate=None) -> None:
+def rotate(
+    im: Image.Image,
+    mode: str,
+    angle: int,
+    center: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+    translate: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+) -> None:
     out = im.rotate(angle, center=center, translate=translate)
     assert out.mode == mode
     assert out.size == im.size  # default rotate clips output
@@ -27,13 +33,13 @@ def rotate(im, mode, angle, center=None, translate=None) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "P", "L", "RGB", "I", "F"))
-def test_mode(mode) -> None:
+def test_mode(mode: str) -> None:
     im = hopper(mode)
     rotate(im, mode, 45)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("angle", (0, 90, 180, 270))
-def test_angle(angle) -> None:
+def test_angle(angle: int) -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/test-card.png") as im:
         rotate(im, im.mode, angle)
 
@@ -42,7 +48,7 @@ def test_angle(angle) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("angle", (0, 45, 90, 180, 270))
-def test_zero(angle) -> None:
+def test_zero(angle: int) -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGB", (0, 0))
     rotate(im, im.mode, angle)
 

Tests/test_image_thumbnail.py

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def test_load_first_unless_jpeg() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.jpg") as im:
         draft = im.draft
 
-        def im_draft(mode, size):
+        def im_draft(mode: str, size: tuple[int, int]):
             result = draft(mode, size)
             assert result is not None
 

Tests/test_image_transform.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import math
+from typing import Callable
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ class TestImageTransform:
             ("LA", (76, 0)),
         ),
     )
-    def test_fill(self, mode, expected_pixel) -> None:
+    def test_fill(self, mode: str, expected_pixel: tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         (w, h) = im.size
         transformed = im.transform(
@@ -142,7 +143,9 @@ class TestImageTransform:
         assert_image_equal(blank, transformed.crop((w // 2, 0, w, h // 2)))
         assert_image_equal(blank, transformed.crop((0, h // 2, w // 2, h)))
 
-    def _test_alpha_premult(self, op) -> None:
+    def _test_alpha_premult(
+        self, op: Callable[[Image.Image, tuple[int, int]], Image.Image]
+    ) -> None:
         # create image with half white, half black,
         # with the black half transparent.
         # do op,
@@ -159,13 +162,13 @@ class TestImageTransform:
         assert 40 * 10 == hist[-1]
 
     def test_alpha_premult_resize(self) -> None:
-        def op(im, sz):
+        def op(im: Image.Image, sz: tuple[int, int]) -> Image.Image:
             return im.resize(sz, Image.Resampling.BILINEAR)
 
         self._test_alpha_premult(op)
 
     def test_alpha_premult_transform(self) -> None:
-        def op(im, sz):
+        def op(im: Image.Image, sz: tuple[int, int]) -> Image.Image:
             (w, h) = im.size
             return im.transform(
                 sz, Image.Transform.EXTENT, (0, 0, w, h), Image.Resampling.BILINEAR
@@ -173,7 +176,9 @@ class TestImageTransform:
 
         self._test_alpha_premult(op)
 
-    def _test_nearest(self, op, mode) -> None:
+    def _test_nearest(
+        self, op: Callable[[Image.Image, tuple[int, int]], Image.Image], mode: str
+    ) -> None:
         # create white image with half transparent,
         # do op,
         # the image should remain white with half transparent
@@ -196,15 +201,15 @@ class TestImageTransform:
         )
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("RGBA", "LA"))
-    def test_nearest_resize(self, mode) -> None:
+    def test_nearest_resize(self, mode: str) -> None:
-        def op(im, sz):
+        def op(im: Image.Image, sz: tuple[int, int]) -> Image.Image:
             return im.resize(sz, Image.Resampling.NEAREST)
 
         self._test_nearest(op, mode)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("RGBA", "LA"))
-    def test_nearest_transform(self, mode) -> None:
+    def test_nearest_transform(self, mode: str) -> None:
-        def op(im, sz):
+        def op(im: Image.Image, sz: tuple[int, int]) -> Image.Image:
             (w, h) = im.size
             return im.transform(
                 sz, Image.Transform.EXTENT, (0, 0, w, h), Image.Resampling.NEAREST
@@ -227,7 +232,9 @@ class TestImageTransform:
         # Running by default, but I'd totally understand not doing it in
         # the future
 
-        pattern = [Image.new("RGBA", (1024, 1024), (a, a, a, a)) for a in range(1, 65)]
+        pattern: list[Image.Image] | None = [
+            Image.new("RGBA", (1024, 1024), (a, a, a, a)) for a in range(1, 65)
+        ]
 
         # Yeah. Watch some JIT optimize this out.
         pattern = None  # noqa: F841
@@ -240,7 +247,7 @@ class TestImageTransform:
                 im.transform((100, 100), None)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("resample", (Image.Resampling.BOX, "unknown"))
-    def test_unknown_resampling_filter(self, resample) -> None:
+    def test_unknown_resampling_filter(self, resample: Image.Resampling | str) -> None:
         with hopper() as im:
             (w, h) = im.size
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
@@ -250,7 +257,7 @@ class TestImageTransform:
 class TestImageTransformAffine:
     transform = Image.Transform.AFFINE
 
-    def _test_image(self):
+    def _test_image(self) -> Image.Image:
         im = hopper("RGB")
         return im.crop((10, 20, im.width - 10, im.height - 20))
 
@@ -263,7 +270,7 @@ class TestImageTransformAffine:
             (270, Image.Transpose.ROTATE_270),
         ),
     )
-    def test_rotate(self, deg, transpose) -> None:
+    def test_rotate(self, deg: int, transpose: Image.Transpose | None) -> None:
         im = self._test_image()
 
         angle = -math.radians(deg)
@@ -313,7 +320,13 @@ class TestImageTransformAffine:
             (Image.Resampling.BICUBIC, 1),
         ),
     )
-    def test_resize(self, scale, epsilon_scale, resample, epsilon) -> None:
+    def test_resize(
+        self,
+        scale: float,
+        epsilon_scale: float,
+        resample: Image.Resampling,
+        epsilon: int,
+    ) -> None:
         im = self._test_image()
 
         size_up = int(round(im.width * scale)), int(round(im.height * scale))
@@ -342,7 +355,14 @@ class TestImageTransformAffine:
             (Image.Resampling.BICUBIC, 1),
         ),
     )
-    def test_translate(self, x, y, epsilon_scale, resample, epsilon) -> None:
+    def test_translate(
+        self,
+        x: float,
+        y: float,
+        epsilon_scale: float,
+        resample: Image.Resampling,
+        epsilon: float,
+    ) -> None:
         im = self._test_image()
 
         size_up = int(round(im.width + x)), int(round(im.height + y))

Tests/test_imagechops.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from typing import Callable
+
 from PIL import Image, ImageChops
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper
@@ -387,7 +389,9 @@ def test_overlay() -> None:
 
 
 def test_logical() -> None:
-    def table(op, a, b):
+    def table(
+        op: Callable[[Image.Image, Image.Image], Image.Image], a: int, b: int
+    ) -> tuple[int, int, int, int]:
         out = []
         for x in (a, b):
             imx = Image.new("1", (1, 1), x)

Tests/test_imagecms.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import re
 import shutil
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@ def test_invalid_color_temperature() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("flag", ("my string", -1))
-def test_invalid_flag(flag) -> None:
+def test_invalid_flag(flag: str | int) -> None:
     with hopper() as im:
         with pytest.raises(
             ImageCms.PyCMSError, match="flags must be an integer between 0 and "
@@ -335,19 +336,21 @@ def test_extended_information() -> None:
     o = ImageCms.getOpenProfile(SRGB)
     p = o.profile
 
-    def assert_truncated_tuple_equal(tup1, tup2, digits: int = 10) -> None:
+    def assert_truncated_tuple_equal(
+        tup1: tuple[Any, ...], tup2: tuple[Any, ...], digits: int = 10
+    ) -> None:
         # Helper function to reduce precision of tuples of floats
         # recursively and then check equality.
         power = 10**digits
 
-        def truncate_tuple(tuple_or_float):
+        def truncate_tuple(tuple_value: tuple[Any, ...]) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
             return tuple(
                 (
                     truncate_tuple(val)
                     if isinstance(val, tuple)
                     else int(val * power) / power
                 )
-                for val in tuple_or_float
+                for val in tuple_value
             )
 
         assert truncate_tuple(tup1) == truncate_tuple(tup2)
@@ -504,8 +507,10 @@ def test_profile_typesafety() -> None:
         ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile(1).tobytes()
 
 
-def assert_aux_channel_preserved(mode, transform_in_place, preserved_channel) -> None:
+def assert_aux_channel_preserved(
-    def create_test_image():
+    mode: str, transform_in_place: bool, preserved_channel: str
+) -> None:
+    def create_test_image() -> Image.Image:
         # set up test image with something interesting in the tested aux channel.
         # fmt: off
         nine_grid_deltas = [
@@ -633,7 +638,7 @@ def test_auxiliary_channels_isolated() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("RGB", "RGBA", "RGBX"))
-def test_rgb_lab(mode) -> None:
+def test_rgb_lab(mode: str) -> None:
     im = Image.new(mode, (1, 1))
     converted_im = im.convert("LAB")
     assert converted_im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 128)

Tests/test_imagedraw.py

@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ def test_rectangle_I16(bbox: Coords) -> None:
     draw.rectangle(bbox, outline=0xFFFF)
 
     # Assert
-    assert_image_equal_tofile(im.convert("I"), "Tests/images/imagedraw_rectangle_I.png")
+    assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_rectangle_I.tiff")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("bbox", BBOX)

Tests/test_imagedraw2.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import os.path
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageDraw2, features
+from PIL._typing import Coords
 
 from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal,
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("bbox", BBOX)
-def test_ellipse(bbox) -> None:
+def test_ellipse(bbox: Coords) -> None:
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw2.Draw(im)
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ def test_ellipse_edge() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("points", POINTS)
-def test_line(points) -> None:
+def test_line(points: Coords) -> None:
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw2.Draw(im)
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ def test_line(points) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("points", POINTS)
-def test_line_pen_as_brush(points) -> None:
+def test_line_pen_as_brush(points: Coords) -> None:
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw2.Draw(im)
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ def test_line_pen_as_brush(points) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("points", POINTS)
-def test_polygon(points) -> None:
+def test_polygon(points: Coords) -> None:
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw2.Draw(im)
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ def test_polygon(points) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("bbox", BBOX)
-def test_rectangle(bbox) -> None:
+def test_rectangle(bbox: Coords) -> None:
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw2.Draw(im)

Tests/test_imageenhance.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def test_crash() -> None:
     ImageEnhance.Sharpness(im).enhance(0.5)
 
 
-def _half_transparent_image():
+def _half_transparent_image() -> Image.Image:
     # returns an image, half transparent, half solid
     im = hopper("RGB")
 
@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ def _half_transparent_image():
     return im
 
 
-def _check_alpha(im, original, op, amount) -> None:
+def _check_alpha(
+    im: Image.Image, original: Image.Image, op: str, amount: float
+) -> None:
     assert im.getbands() == original.getbands()
     assert_image_equal(
         im.getchannel("A"),
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ def _check_alpha(im, original, op, amount) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("op", ("Color", "Brightness", "Contrast", "Sharpness"))
-def test_alpha(op) -> None:
+def test_alpha(op: str) -> None:
     # Issue https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/899
     # Is alpha preserved through image enhancement?
 

Tests/test_imagefile.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from io import BytesIO
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ SAFEBLOCK = ImageFile.SAFEBLOCK
 
 class TestImageFile:
     def test_parser(self) -> None:
-        def roundtrip(format):
+        def roundtrip(format: str) -> tuple[Image.Image, Image.Image]:
             im = hopper("L").resize((1000, 1000), Image.Resampling.NEAREST)
             if format in ("MSP", "XBM"):
                 im = im.convert("1")
@@ -201,12 +202,22 @@ class TestImageFile:
 
 
 class MockPyDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
+    def __init__(self, mode: str, *args: Any) -> None:
+        MockPyDecoder.last = self
+
+        super().__init__(mode, *args)
+
     def decode(self, buffer):
         # eof
         return -1, 0
 
 
 class MockPyEncoder(ImageFile.PyEncoder):
+    def __init__(self, mode: str, *args: Any) -> None:
+        MockPyEncoder.last = self
+
+        super().__init__(mode, *args)
+
     def encode(self, buffer):
         return 1, 1, b""
 
@@ -228,19 +239,8 @@ class MockImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 class CodecsTest:
     @classmethod
     def setup_class(cls) -> None:
-        cls.decoder = MockPyDecoder(None)
+        Image.register_decoder("MOCK", MockPyDecoder)
-        cls.encoder = MockPyEncoder(None)
+        Image.register_encoder("MOCK", MockPyEncoder)
-
-        def decoder_closure(mode, *args):
-            cls.decoder.__init__(mode, *args)
-            return cls.decoder
-
-        def encoder_closure(mode, *args):
-            cls.encoder.__init__(mode, *args)
-            return cls.encoder
-
-        Image.register_decoder("MOCK", decoder_closure)
-        Image.register_encoder("MOCK", encoder_closure)
 
 
 class TestPyDecoder(CodecsTest):
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ class TestPyDecoder(CodecsTest):
 
         im.load()
 
-        assert self.decoder.state.xoff == xoff
+        assert MockPyDecoder.last.state.xoff == xoff
-        assert self.decoder.state.yoff == yoff
+        assert MockPyDecoder.last.state.yoff == yoff
-        assert self.decoder.state.xsize == xsize
+        assert MockPyDecoder.last.state.xsize == xsize
-        assert self.decoder.state.ysize == ysize
+        assert MockPyDecoder.last.state.ysize == ysize
 
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            self.decoder.set_as_raw(b"\x00")
+            MockPyDecoder.last.set_as_raw(b"\x00")
 
     def test_extents_none(self) -> None:
         buf = BytesIO(b"\x00" * 255)
@@ -267,10 +267,10 @@ class TestPyDecoder(CodecsTest):
 
         im.load()
 
-        assert self.decoder.state.xoff == 0
+        assert MockPyDecoder.last.state.xoff == 0
-        assert self.decoder.state.yoff == 0
+        assert MockPyDecoder.last.state.yoff == 0
-        assert self.decoder.state.xsize == 200
+        assert MockPyDecoder.last.state.xsize == 200
-        assert self.decoder.state.ysize == 200
+        assert MockPyDecoder.last.state.ysize == 200
 
     def test_negsize(self) -> None:
         buf = BytesIO(b"\x00" * 255)
@@ -315,10 +315,10 @@ class TestPyEncoder(CodecsTest):
             im, fp, [("MOCK", (xoff, yoff, xoff + xsize, yoff + ysize), 0, "RGB")]
         )
 
-        assert self.encoder.state.xoff == xoff
+        assert MockPyEncoder.last.state.xoff == xoff
-        assert self.encoder.state.yoff == yoff
+        assert MockPyEncoder.last.state.yoff == yoff
-        assert self.encoder.state.xsize == xsize
+        assert MockPyEncoder.last.state.xsize == xsize
-        assert self.encoder.state.ysize == ysize
+        assert MockPyEncoder.last.state.ysize == ysize
 
     def test_extents_none(self) -> None:
         buf = BytesIO(b"\x00" * 255)
@@ -329,10 +329,10 @@ class TestPyEncoder(CodecsTest):
         fp = BytesIO()
         ImageFile._save(im, fp, [("MOCK", None, 0, "RGB")])
 
-        assert self.encoder.state.xoff == 0
+        assert MockPyEncoder.last.state.xoff == 0
-        assert self.encoder.state.yoff == 0
+        assert MockPyEncoder.last.state.yoff == 0
-        assert self.encoder.state.xsize == 200
+        assert MockPyEncoder.last.state.xsize == 200
-        assert self.encoder.state.ysize == 200
+        assert MockPyEncoder.last.state.ysize == 200
 
     def test_negsize(self) -> None:
         buf = BytesIO(b"\x00" * 255)
@@ -340,12 +340,12 @@ class TestPyEncoder(CodecsTest):
         im = MockImageFile(buf)
 
         fp = BytesIO()
-        self.encoder.cleanup_called = False
+        MockPyEncoder.last = None
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             ImageFile._save(
                 im, fp, [("MOCK", (xoff, yoff, -10, yoff + ysize), 0, "RGB")]
             )
-        assert self.encoder.cleanup_called
+        assert MockPyEncoder.last.cleanup_called
 
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             ImageFile._save(

Tests/test_imagefont.py

@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@ import shutil
 import sys
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, BinaryIO
 
 import pytest
 from packaging.version import parse as parse_version
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, features
+from PIL._typing import StrOrBytesPath
 
 from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal,
@@ -42,16 +44,16 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
         pytest.param(ImageFont.Layout.RAQM, marks=skip_unless_feature("raqm")),
     ],
 )
-def layout_engine(request):
+def layout_engine(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> ImageFont.Layout:
     return request.param
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="module")
-def font(layout_engine):
+def font(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> ImageFont.FreeTypeFont:
     return ImageFont.truetype(FONT_PATH, FONT_SIZE, layout_engine=layout_engine)
 
 
-def test_font_properties(font) -> None:
+def test_font_properties(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     assert font.path == FONT_PATH
     assert font.size == FONT_SIZE
 
@@ -67,7 +69,9 @@ def test_font_properties(font) -> None:
     assert font_copy.path == second_font_path
 
 
-def _render(font, layout_engine):
+def _render(
+    font: StrOrBytesPath | BinaryIO, layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout
+) -> Image.Image:
     txt = "Hello World!"
     ttf = ImageFont.truetype(font, FONT_SIZE, layout_engine=layout_engine)
     ttf.getbbox(txt)
@@ -80,12 +84,12 @@ def _render(font, layout_engine):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("font", (FONT_PATH, Path(FONT_PATH)))
-def test_font_with_name(layout_engine, font) -> None:
+def test_font_with_name(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout, font: str | Path) -> None:
     _render(font, layout_engine)
 
 
-def test_font_with_filelike(layout_engine) -> None:
+def test_font_with_filelike(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
-    def _font_as_bytes():
+    def _font_as_bytes() -> BytesIO:
         with open(FONT_PATH, "rb") as f:
             font_bytes = BytesIO(f.read())
         return font_bytes
@@ -102,12 +106,12 @@ def test_font_with_filelike(layout_engine) -> None:
     #   _render(shared_bytes)
 
 
-def test_font_with_open_file(layout_engine) -> None:
+def test_font_with_open_file(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
     with open(FONT_PATH, "rb") as f:
         _render(f, layout_engine)
 
 
-def test_render_equal(layout_engine) -> None:
+def test_render_equal(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
     img_path = _render(FONT_PATH, layout_engine)
     with open(FONT_PATH, "rb") as f:
         font_filelike = BytesIO(f.read())
@@ -116,7 +120,7 @@ def test_render_equal(layout_engine) -> None:
     assert_image_equal(img_path, img_filelike)
 
 
-def test_non_ascii_path(tmp_path: Path, layout_engine) -> None:
+def test_non_ascii_path(tmp_path: Path, layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
     tempfile = str(tmp_path / ("temp_" + chr(128) + ".ttf"))
     try:
         shutil.copy(FONT_PATH, tempfile)
@@ -126,7 +130,7 @@ def test_non_ascii_path(tmp_path: Path, layout_engine) -> None:
     ImageFont.truetype(tempfile, FONT_SIZE, layout_engine=layout_engine)
 
 
-def test_transparent_background(font) -> None:
+def test_transparent_background(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     im = Image.new(mode="RGBA", size=(300, 100))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
 
@@ -140,7 +144,7 @@ def test_transparent_background(font) -> None:
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im.convert("L"), target, 0.01)
 
 
-def test_I16(font) -> None:
+def test_I16(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     im = Image.new(mode="I;16", size=(300, 100))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
 
@@ -153,7 +157,7 @@ def test_I16(font) -> None:
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im.convert("L"), target, 0.01)
 
 
-def test_textbbox_equal(font) -> None:
+def test_textbbox_equal(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     im = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(300, 100))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
 
@@ -181,7 +185,13 @@ def test_textbbox_equal(font) -> None:
     ),
 )
 def test_getlength(
-    text, mode, fontname, size, layout_engine, length_basic, length_raqm
+    text: str,
+    mode: str,
+    fontname: str,
+    size: int,
+    layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout,
+    length_basic: int,
+    length_raqm: float,
 ) -> None:
     f = ImageFont.truetype("Tests/fonts/" + fontname, size, layout_engine=layout_engine)
 
@@ -207,7 +217,7 @@ def test_float_size() -> None:
     assert lengths[0] != lengths[1] != lengths[2]
 
 
-def test_render_multiline(font) -> None:
+def test_render_multiline(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     im = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(300, 100))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
     line_spacing = font.getbbox("A")[3] + 4
@@ -223,7 +233,7 @@ def test_render_multiline(font) -> None:
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/multiline_text.png", 6.2)
 
 
-def test_render_multiline_text(font) -> None:
+def test_render_multiline_text(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     # Test that text() correctly connects to multiline_text()
     # and that align defaults to left
     im = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(300, 100))
@@ -243,7 +253,9 @@ def test_render_multiline_text(font) -> None:
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "align, ext", (("left", ""), ("center", "_center"), ("right", "_right"))
 )
-def test_render_multiline_text_align(font, align, ext) -> None:
+def test_render_multiline_text_align(
+    font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont, align: str, ext: str
+) -> None:
     im = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(300, 100))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
     draw.multiline_text((0, 0), TEST_TEXT, font=font, align=align)
@@ -251,7 +263,7 @@ def test_render_multiline_text_align(font, align, ext) -> None:
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, f"Tests/images/multiline_text{ext}.png", 0.01)
 
 
-def test_unknown_align(font) -> None:
+def test_unknown_align(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     im = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(300, 100))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
 
@@ -260,14 +272,14 @@ def test_unknown_align(font) -> None:
         draw.multiline_text((0, 0), TEST_TEXT, font=font, align="unknown")
 
 
-def test_draw_align(font) -> None:
+def test_draw_align(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGB", (300, 100), "white")
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
     line = "some text"
     draw.text((100, 40), line, (0, 0, 0), font=font, align="left")
 
 
-def test_multiline_bbox(font) -> None:
+def test_multiline_bbox(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     im = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(300, 100))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
 
@@ -285,7 +297,7 @@ def test_multiline_bbox(font) -> None:
     draw.textbbox((0, 0), TEST_TEXT, font=font, spacing=4)
 
 
-def test_multiline_width(font) -> None:
+def test_multiline_width(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     im = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(300, 100))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
 
@@ -295,7 +307,7 @@ def test_multiline_width(font) -> None:
     )
 
 
-def test_multiline_spacing(font) -> None:
+def test_multiline_spacing(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     im = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(300, 100))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
     draw.multiline_text((0, 0), TEST_TEXT, font=font, spacing=10)
@@ -306,7 +318,9 @@ def test_multiline_spacing(font) -> None:
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "orientation", (Image.Transpose.ROTATE_90, Image.Transpose.ROTATE_270)
 )
-def test_rotated_transposed_font(font, orientation) -> None:
+def test_rotated_transposed_font(
+    font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont, orientation: Image.Transpose
+) -> None:
     img_gray = Image.new("L", (100, 100))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img_gray)
     word = "testing"
@@ -347,7 +361,9 @@ def test_rotated_transposed_font(font, orientation) -> None:
         Image.Transpose.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM,
     ),
 )
-def test_unrotated_transposed_font(font, orientation) -> None:
+def test_unrotated_transposed_font(
+    font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont, orientation: Image.Transpose
+) -> None:
     img_gray = Image.new("L", (100, 100))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img_gray)
     word = "testing"
@@ -382,7 +398,9 @@ def test_unrotated_transposed_font(font, orientation) -> None:
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "orientation", (Image.Transpose.ROTATE_90, Image.Transpose.ROTATE_270)
 )
-def test_rotated_transposed_font_get_mask(font, orientation) -> None:
+def test_rotated_transposed_font_get_mask(
+    font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont, orientation: Image.Transpose
+) -> None:
     # Arrange
     text = "mask this"
     transposed_font = ImageFont.TransposedFont(font, orientation=orientation)
@@ -403,7 +421,9 @@ def test_rotated_transposed_font_get_mask(font, orientation) -> None:
         Image.Transpose.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM,
     ),
 )
-def test_unrotated_transposed_font_get_mask(font, orientation) -> None:
+def test_unrotated_transposed_font_get_mask(
+    font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont, orientation: Image.Transpose
+) -> None:
     # Arrange
     text = "mask this"
     transposed_font = ImageFont.TransposedFont(font, orientation=orientation)
@@ -415,11 +435,11 @@ def test_unrotated_transposed_font_get_mask(font, orientation) -> None:
     assert mask.size == (108, 13)
 
 
-def test_free_type_font_get_name(font) -> None:
+def test_free_type_font_get_name(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     assert ("FreeMono", "Regular") == font.getname()
 
 
-def test_free_type_font_get_metrics(font) -> None:
+def test_free_type_font_get_metrics(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     ascent, descent = font.getmetrics()
 
     assert isinstance(ascent, int)
@@ -427,7 +447,7 @@ def test_free_type_font_get_metrics(font) -> None:
     assert (ascent, descent) == (16, 4)
 
 
-def test_free_type_font_get_mask(font) -> None:
+def test_free_type_font_get_mask(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     # Arrange
     text = "mask this"
 
@@ -473,16 +493,16 @@ def test_default_font() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", (None, "1", "RGBA"))
-def test_getbbox(font, mode) -> None:
+def test_getbbox(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont, mode: str | None) -> None:
     assert (0, 4, 12, 16) == font.getbbox("A", mode)
 
 
-def test_getbbox_empty(font) -> None:
+def test_getbbox_empty(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     # issue #2614, should not crash.
     assert (0, 0, 0, 0) == font.getbbox("")
 
 
-def test_render_empty(font) -> None:
+def test_render_empty(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     # issue 2666
     im = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(300, 100))
     target = im.copy()
@@ -492,7 +512,7 @@ def test_render_empty(font) -> None:
     assert_image_equal(im, target)
 
 
-def test_unicode_extended(layout_engine) -> None:
+def test_unicode_extended(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
     # issue #3777
     text = "A\u278A\U0001F12B"
     target = "Tests/images/unicode_extended.png"
@@ -515,21 +535,23 @@ def test_unicode_extended(layout_engine) -> None:
     (("linux", "/usr/local/share/fonts"), ("darwin", "/System/Library/Fonts")),
 )
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_win32(), reason="requires Unix or macOS")
-def test_find_font(monkeypatch, platform, font_directory) -> None:
+def test_find_font(
-    def _test_fake_loading_font(path_to_fake, fontname) -> None:
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, platform: str, font_directory: str
+) -> None:
+    def _test_fake_loading_font(path_to_fake: str, fontname: str) -> None:
         # Make a copy of FreeTypeFont so we can patch the original
         free_type_font = copy.deepcopy(ImageFont.FreeTypeFont)
         with monkeypatch.context() as m:
             m.setattr(ImageFont, "_FreeTypeFont", free_type_font, raising=False)
 
-            def loadable_font(filepath, size, index, encoding, *args, **kwargs):
+            def loadable_font(
+                filepath: str, size: int, index: int, encoding: str, *args: Any
+            ):
                 if filepath == path_to_fake:
                     return ImageFont._FreeTypeFont(
-                        FONT_PATH, size, index, encoding, *args, **kwargs
+                        FONT_PATH, size, index, encoding, *args
-                    )
-                return ImageFont._FreeTypeFont(
-                    filepath, size, index, encoding, *args, **kwargs
                     )
+                return ImageFont._FreeTypeFont(filepath, size, index, encoding, *args)
 
             m.setattr(ImageFont, "FreeTypeFont", loadable_font)
             font = ImageFont.truetype(fontname)
@@ -543,7 +565,7 @@ def test_find_font(monkeypatch, platform, font_directory) -> None:
     if platform == "linux":
         monkeypatch.setenv("XDG_DATA_DIRS", "/usr/share/:/usr/local/share/")
 
-    def fake_walker(path):
+    def fake_walker(path: str) -> list[tuple[str, list[str], list[str]]]:
         if path == font_directory:
             return [
                 (
@@ -567,7 +589,7 @@ def test_find_font(monkeypatch, platform, font_directory) -> None:
     _test_fake_loading_font(font_directory + "/Duplicate.ttf", "Duplicate")
 
 
-def test_imagefont_getters(font) -> None:
+def test_imagefont_getters(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     assert font.getmetrics() == (16, 4)
     assert font.font.ascent == 16
     assert font.font.descent == 4
@@ -588,7 +610,7 @@ def test_imagefont_getters(font) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("stroke_width", (0, 2))
-def test_getsize_stroke(font, stroke_width) -> None:
+def test_getsize_stroke(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont, stroke_width: int) -> None:
     assert font.getbbox("A", stroke_width=stroke_width) == (
         0 - stroke_width,
         4 - stroke_width,
@@ -607,7 +629,7 @@ def test_complex_font_settings() -> None:
         t.getmask("абвг", language="sr")
 
 
-def test_variation_get(font) -> None:
+def test_variation_get(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     freetype = parse_version(features.version_module("freetype2"))
     if freetype < parse_version("2.9.1"):
         with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
@@ -662,7 +684,7 @@ def test_variation_get(font) -> None:
     ]
 
 
-def _check_text(font, path, epsilon):
+def _check_text(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont, path: str, epsilon: float) -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGB", (100, 75), "white")
     d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
     d.text((10, 10), "Text", font=font, fill="black")
@@ -677,7 +699,7 @@ def _check_text(font, path, epsilon):
             raise
 
 
-def test_variation_set_by_name(font) -> None:
+def test_variation_set_by_name(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     freetype = parse_version(features.version_module("freetype2"))
     if freetype < parse_version("2.9.1"):
         with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
@@ -702,7 +724,7 @@ def test_variation_set_by_name(font) -> None:
     _check_text(font, "Tests/images/variation_tiny_name.png", 40)
 
 
-def test_variation_set_by_axes(font) -> None:
+def test_variation_set_by_axes(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     freetype = parse_version(features.version_module("freetype2"))
     if freetype < parse_version("2.9.1"):
         with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
@@ -737,7 +759,9 @@ def test_variation_set_by_axes(font) -> None:
     ),
     ids=("ls", "ms", "rs", "ma", "mt", "mm", "mb", "md"),
 )
-def test_anchor(layout_engine, anchor, left, top) -> None:
+def test_anchor(
+    layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout, anchor: str, left: int, top: int
+) -> None:
     name, text = "quick", "Quick"
     path = f"Tests/images/test_anchor_{name}_{anchor}.png"
 
@@ -782,7 +806,9 @@ def test_anchor(layout_engine, anchor, left, top) -> None:
         ("md", "center"),
     ),
 )
-def test_anchor_multiline(layout_engine, anchor, align) -> None:
+def test_anchor_multiline(
+    layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout, anchor: str, align: str
+) -> None:
     target = f"Tests/images/test_anchor_multiline_{anchor}_{align}.png"
     text = "a\nlong\ntext sample"
 
@@ -800,7 +826,7 @@ def test_anchor_multiline(layout_engine, anchor, align) -> None:
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, target, 4)
 
 
-def test_anchor_invalid(font) -> None:
+def test_anchor_invalid(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGB", (100, 100), "white")
     d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
     d.font = font
@@ -826,7 +852,7 @@ def test_anchor_invalid(font) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("bpp", (1, 2, 4, 8))
-def test_bitmap_font(layout_engine, bpp) -> None:
+def test_bitmap_font(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout, bpp: int) -> None:
     text = "Bitmap Font"
     layout_name = ["basic", "raqm"][layout_engine]
     target = f"Tests/images/bitmap_font_{bpp}_{layout_name}.png"
@@ -843,7 +869,7 @@ def test_bitmap_font(layout_engine, bpp) -> None:
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, target)
 
 
-def test_bitmap_font_stroke(layout_engine) -> None:
+def test_bitmap_font_stroke(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
     text = "Bitmap Font"
     layout_name = ["basic", "raqm"][layout_engine]
     target = f"Tests/images/bitmap_font_stroke_{layout_name}.png"
@@ -861,7 +887,7 @@ def test_bitmap_font_stroke(layout_engine) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("embedded_color", (False, True))
-def test_bitmap_blend(layout_engine, embedded_color) -> None:
+def test_bitmap_blend(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout, embedded_color: bool) -> None:
     font = ImageFont.truetype(
         "Tests/fonts/EBDTTestFont.ttf", size=64, layout_engine=layout_engine
     )
@@ -873,7 +899,7 @@ def test_bitmap_blend(layout_engine, embedded_color) -> None:
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/bitmap_font_blend.png")
 
 
-def test_standard_embedded_color(layout_engine) -> None:
+def test_standard_embedded_color(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
     txt = "Hello World!"
     ttf = ImageFont.truetype(FONT_PATH, 40, layout_engine=layout_engine)
     ttf.getbbox(txt)
@@ -886,7 +912,7 @@ def test_standard_embedded_color(layout_engine) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("fontmode", ("1", "L", "RGBA"))
-def test_float_coord(layout_engine, fontmode):
+def test_float_coord(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout, fontmode: str) -> None:
     txt = "Hello World!"
     ttf = ImageFont.truetype(FONT_PATH, 40, layout_engine=layout_engine)
 
@@ -908,7 +934,7 @@ def test_float_coord(layout_engine, fontmode):
             raise
 
 
-def test_cbdt(layout_engine) -> None:
+def test_cbdt(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
     try:
         font = ImageFont.truetype(
             "Tests/fonts/CBDTTestFont.ttf", size=64, layout_engine=layout_engine
@@ -925,7 +951,7 @@ def test_cbdt(layout_engine) -> None:
         pytest.skip("freetype compiled without libpng or CBDT support")
 
 
-def test_cbdt_mask(layout_engine) -> None:
+def test_cbdt_mask(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
     try:
         font = ImageFont.truetype(
             "Tests/fonts/CBDTTestFont.ttf", size=64, layout_engine=layout_engine
@@ -942,7 +968,7 @@ def test_cbdt_mask(layout_engine) -> None:
         pytest.skip("freetype compiled without libpng or CBDT support")
 
 
-def test_sbix(layout_engine) -> None:
+def test_sbix(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
     try:
         font = ImageFont.truetype(
             "Tests/fonts/chromacheck-sbix.woff", size=300, layout_engine=layout_engine
@@ -959,7 +985,7 @@ def test_sbix(layout_engine) -> None:
         pytest.skip("freetype compiled without libpng or SBIX support")
 
 
-def test_sbix_mask(layout_engine) -> None:
+def test_sbix_mask(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
     try:
         font = ImageFont.truetype(
             "Tests/fonts/chromacheck-sbix.woff", size=300, layout_engine=layout_engine
@@ -977,7 +1003,7 @@ def test_sbix_mask(layout_engine) -> None:
 
 
 @skip_unless_feature_version("freetype2", "2.10.0")
-def test_colr(layout_engine) -> None:
+def test_colr(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
     font = ImageFont.truetype(
         "Tests/fonts/BungeeColor-Regular_colr_Windows.ttf",
         size=64,
@@ -993,7 +1019,7 @@ def test_colr(layout_engine) -> None:
 
 
 @skip_unless_feature_version("freetype2", "2.10.0")
-def test_colr_mask(layout_engine) -> None:
+def test_colr_mask(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
     font = ImageFont.truetype(
         "Tests/fonts/BungeeColor-Regular_colr_Windows.ttf",
         size=64,
@@ -1008,7 +1034,7 @@ def test_colr_mask(layout_engine) -> None:
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/colr_bungee_mask.png", 22)
 
 
-def test_woff2(layout_engine) -> None:
+def test_woff2(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
     try:
         font = ImageFont.truetype(
             "Tests/fonts/OpenSans.woff2",
@@ -1042,7 +1068,7 @@ def test_render_mono_size() -> None:
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/text_mono.gif")
 
 
-def test_too_many_characters(font) -> None:
+def test_too_many_characters(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         font.getlength("A" * 1_000_001)
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
@@ -1070,14 +1096,14 @@ def test_too_many_characters(font) -> None:
         "Tests/fonts/oom-4da0210eb7081b0bf15bf16cc4c52ce02c1e1bbc.ttf",
     ],
 )
-def test_oom(test_file) -> None:
+def test_oom(test_file: str) -> None:
     with open(test_file, "rb") as f:
         font = ImageFont.truetype(BytesIO(f.read()))
         with pytest.raises(Image.DecompressionBombError):
             font.getmask("Test Text")
 
 
-def test_raqm_missing_warning(monkeypatch) -> None:
+def test_raqm_missing_warning(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFont.core, "HAVE_RAQM", False)
     with pytest.warns(UserWarning) as record:
         font = ImageFont.truetype(
@@ -1091,6 +1117,8 @@ def test_raqm_missing_warning(monkeypatch) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", [-1, 0])
-def test_invalid_truetype_sizes_raise_valueerror(layout_engine, size) -> None:
+def test_invalid_truetype_sizes_raise_valueerror(
+    layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout, size: int
+) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         ImageFont.truetype(FONT_PATH, size, layout_engine=layout_engine)

Tests/test_imagefontctl.py

@@ -208,7 +208,9 @@ def test_language() -> None:
     ),
     ids=("None", "ltr", "rtl2", "rtl", "ttb"),
 )
-def test_getlength(mode, text, direction, expected) -> None:
+def test_getlength(
+    mode: str, text: str, direction: str | None, expected: float
+) -> None:
     ttf = ImageFont.truetype(FONT_PATH, FONT_SIZE)
     im = Image.new(mode, (1, 1), 0)
     d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
@@ -230,7 +232,7 @@ def test_getlength(mode, text, direction, expected) -> None:
     ("i" + ("\u030C" * 15) + "i", "i" + "\u032C" * 15 + "i", "\u035Cii", "i\u0305i"),
     ids=("caron-above", "caron-below", "double-breve", "overline"),
 )
-def test_getlength_combine(mode, direction, text) -> None:
+def test_getlength_combine(mode: str, direction: str, text: str) -> None:
     if text == "i\u0305i" and direction == "ttb":
         pytest.skip("fails with this font")
 
@@ -250,7 +252,7 @@ def test_getlength_combine(mode, direction, text) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("anchor", ("lt", "mm", "rb", "sm"))
-def test_anchor_ttb(anchor) -> None:
+def test_anchor_ttb(anchor: str) -> None:
     text = "f"
     path = f"Tests/images/test_anchor_ttb_{text}_{anchor}.png"
     f = ImageFont.truetype("Tests/fonts/NotoSans-Regular.ttf", 120)
@@ -306,7 +308,9 @@ combine_tests = (
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "name, text, anchor, dir, epsilon", combine_tests, ids=[r[0] for r in combine_tests]
 )
-def test_combine(name, text, dir, anchor, epsilon) -> None:
+def test_combine(
+    name: str, text: str, dir: str | None, anchor: str | None, epsilon: float
+) -> None:
     path = f"Tests/images/test_combine_{name}.png"
     f = ImageFont.truetype("Tests/fonts/NotoSans-Regular.ttf", 48)
 
@@ -337,7 +341,7 @@ def test_combine(name, text, dir, anchor, epsilon) -> None:
         ("rm", "right"),  # pass with getsize
     ),
 )
-def test_combine_multiline(anchor, align) -> None:
+def test_combine_multiline(anchor: str, align: str) -> None:
     # test that multiline text uses getlength, not getsize or getbbox
 
     path = f"Tests/images/test_combine_multiline_{anchor}_{align}.png"

Tests/test_imagegrab.py

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ $bmp = New-Object Drawing.Bitmap 200, 200
     @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform != "win32", reason="Windows only")
     def test_grabclipboard_file(self) -> None:
         p = subprocess.Popen(["powershell", "-command", "-"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
+        assert p.stdin is not None
         p.stdin.write(rb'Set-Clipboard -Path "Tests\images\hopper.gif"')
         p.communicate()
 
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@ $bmp = New-Object Drawing.Bitmap 200, 200
     @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform != "win32", reason="Windows only")
     def test_grabclipboard_png(self) -> None:
         p = subprocess.Popen(["powershell", "-command", "-"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
+        assert p.stdin is not None
         p.stdin.write(
             rb"""$bytes = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes("Tests\images\hopper.png")
 $ms = new-object System.IO.MemoryStream(, $bytes)
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ $ms = new-object System.IO.MemoryStream(, $bytes)
         reason="Linux with wl-clipboard only",
     )
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("ext", ("gif", "png", "ico"))
-    def test_grabclipboard_wl_clipboard(self, ext) -> None:
+    def test_grabclipboard_wl_clipboard(self, ext: str) -> None:
         image_path = "Tests/images/hopper." + ext
         with open(image_path, "rb") as fp:
             subprocess.call(["wl-copy"], stdin=fp)
@@ -128,6 +130,6 @@ $ms = new-object System.IO.MemoryStream(, $bytes)
         reason="Linux with wl-clipboard only",
     )
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("arg", ("text", "--clear"))
-    def test_grabclipboard_wl_clipboard_errors(self, arg):
+    def test_grabclipboard_wl_clipboard_errors(self, arg: str) -> None:
         subprocess.call(["wl-copy", arg])
         assert ImageGrab.grabclipboard() is None

Tests/test_imagemorph.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from PIL import Image, ImageMorph, _imagingmorph
 from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile, hopper
 
 
-def string_to_img(image_string):
+def string_to_img(image_string: str) -> Image.Image:
     """Turn a string image representation into a binary image"""
     rows = [s for s in image_string.replace(" ", "").split("\n") if len(s)]
     height = len(rows)
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ A = string_to_img(
 )
 
 
-def img_to_string(im):
+def img_to_string(im: Image.Image) -> str:
     """Turn a (small) binary image into a string representation"""
     chars = ".1"
     width, height = im.size
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ def img_to_string(im):
     )
 
 
-def img_string_normalize(im):
+def img_string_normalize(im: str) -> str:
     return img_to_string(string_to_img(im))
 
 
-def assert_img_equal_img_string(a, b_string) -> None:
+def assert_img_equal_img_string(a: Image.Image, b_string: str) -> None:
     assert img_to_string(a) == img_string_normalize(b_string)
 
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def test_str_to_img() -> None:
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "op", ("corner", "dilation4", "dilation8", "erosion4", "erosion8", "edge")
 )
-def test_lut(op) -> None:
+def test_lut(op: str) -> None:
     lb = ImageMorph.LutBuilder(op_name=op)
     assert lb.get_lut() is None
 
@@ -73,15 +73,16 @@ def test_lut(op) -> None:
 
 
 def test_no_operator_loaded() -> None:
+    im = Image.new("L", (1, 1))
     mop = ImageMorph.MorphOp()
     with pytest.raises(Exception) as e:
-        mop.apply(None)
+        mop.apply(im)
     assert str(e.value) == "No operator loaded"
     with pytest.raises(Exception) as e:
-        mop.match(None)
+        mop.match(im)
     assert str(e.value) == "No operator loaded"
     with pytest.raises(Exception) as e:
-        mop.save_lut(None)
+        mop.save_lut("")
     assert str(e.value) == "No operator loaded"
 
 

Tests/test_imageops.py

@@ -13,8 +13,12 @@ from .helper import (
 )
 
 
-class Deformer:
+class Deformer(ImageOps.SupportsGetMesh):
-    def getmesh(self, im):
+    def getmesh(
+        self, im: Image.Image
+    ) -> list[
+        tuple[tuple[int, int, int, int], tuple[int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int]]
+    ]:
         x, y = im.size
         return [((0, 0, x, y), (0, 0, x, 0, x, y, y, 0))]
 
@@ -108,7 +112,7 @@ def test_fit_same_ratio() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("new_size", ((256, 256), (512, 256), (256, 512)))
-def test_contain(new_size) -> None:
+def test_contain(new_size: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
     im = hopper()
     new_im = ImageOps.contain(im, new_size)
     assert new_im.size == (256, 256)
@@ -132,7 +136,7 @@ def test_contain_round() -> None:
         ("hopper.png", (256, 256)),  # square
     ),
 )
-def test_cover(image_name, expected_size) -> None:
+def test_cover(image_name: str, expected_size: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/" + image_name) as im:
         new_im = ImageOps.cover(im, (256, 256))
         assert new_im.size == expected_size
@@ -168,7 +172,7 @@ def test_pad_round() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("P", "PA"))
-def test_palette(mode) -> None:
+def test_palette(mode: str) -> None:
     im = hopper(mode)
 
     # Expand
@@ -210,7 +214,7 @@ def test_scale() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("border", (10, (1, 2, 3, 4)))
-def test_expand_palette(border) -> None:
+def test_expand_palette(border: int | tuple[int, int, int, int]) -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/p_16.tga") as im:
         im_expanded = ImageOps.expand(im, border, (255, 0, 0))
 
@@ -366,7 +370,7 @@ def test_exif_transpose() -> None:
     for ext in exts:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper" + ext) as base_im:
 
-            def check(orientation_im) -> None:
+            def check(orientation_im: Image.Image) -> None:
                 for im in [
                     orientation_im,
                     orientation_im.copy(),
@@ -376,6 +380,7 @@ def test_exif_transpose() -> None:
                     else:
                         original_exif = im.info["exif"]
                     transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
+                    assert transposed_im is not None
                     assert_image_similar(base_im, transposed_im, 17)
                     if orientation_im is base_im:
                         assert "exif" not in im.info
@@ -387,6 +392,7 @@ def test_exif_transpose() -> None:
 
                     # Repeat the operation to test that it does not keep transposing
                     transposed_im2 = ImageOps.exif_transpose(transposed_im)
+                    assert transposed_im2 is not None
                     assert_image_equal(transposed_im2, transposed_im)
 
             check(base_im)
@@ -402,6 +408,7 @@ def test_exif_transpose() -> None:
             assert im.getexif()[0x0112] == 3
 
             transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
+            assert transposed_im is not None
             assert 0x0112 not in transposed_im.getexif()
 
             transposed_im._reload_exif()
@@ -414,12 +421,14 @@ def test_exif_transpose() -> None:
         assert im.getexif()[0x0112] == 3
 
         transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
+        assert transposed_im is not None
         assert 0x0112 not in transposed_im.getexif()
 
     # Orientation set directly on Image.Exif
     im = hopper()
     im.getexif()[0x0112] = 3
     transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
+    assert transposed_im is not None
     assert 0x0112 not in transposed_im.getexif()
 
 
@@ -445,7 +454,7 @@ def test_autocontrast_cutoff() -> None:
     # Test the cutoff argument of autocontrast
     with Image.open("Tests/images/bw_gradient.png") as img:
 
-        def autocontrast(cutoff):
+        def autocontrast(cutoff: int | tuple[int, int]):
             return ImageOps.autocontrast(img, cutoff).histogram()
 
         assert autocontrast(10) == autocontrast((10, 10))
@@ -486,20 +495,20 @@ def test_autocontrast_mask_real_input() -> None:
         assert result_nomask != result
         assert_tuple_approx_equal(
             ImageStat.Stat(result, mask=rect_mask).median,
-            [195, 202, 184],
+            (195, 202, 184),
             threshold=2,
             msg="autocontrast with mask pixel incorrect",
         )
         assert_tuple_approx_equal(
             ImageStat.Stat(result_nomask).median,
-            [119, 106, 79],
+            (119, 106, 79),
             threshold=2,
             msg="autocontrast without mask pixel incorrect",
         )
 
 
 def test_autocontrast_preserve_tone() -> None:
-    def autocontrast(mode, preserve_tone):
+    def autocontrast(mode: str, preserve_tone: bool) -> list[int]:
         im = hopper(mode)
         return ImageOps.autocontrast(im, preserve_tone=preserve_tone).histogram()
 
@@ -533,7 +542,7 @@ def test_autocontrast_preserve_gradient() -> None:
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "color", ((255, 255, 255), (127, 255, 0), (127, 127, 127), (0, 0, 0))
 )
-def test_autocontrast_preserve_one_color(color) -> None:
+def test_autocontrast_preserve_one_color(color: tuple[int, int, int]) -> None:
     img = Image.new("RGB", (10, 10), color)
 
     # single color images shouldn't change

Tests/test_imageops_usm.py

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from typing import Generator
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageFilter
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def test_images():
+def test_images() -> Generator[dict[str, Image.Image], None, None]:
     ims = {
         "im": Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.ppm"),
         "snakes": Image.open("Tests/images/color_snakes.png"),
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ def test_images():
             im.close()
 
 
-def test_filter_api(test_images) -> None:
+def test_filter_api(test_images: dict[str, Image.Image]) -> None:
     im = test_images["im"]
 
     test_filter = ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(2.0)
@@ -26,13 +28,13 @@ def test_filter_api(test_images) -> None:
     assert i.mode == "RGB"
     assert i.size == (128, 128)
 
-    test_filter = ImageFilter.UnsharpMask(2.0, 125, 8)
+    test_filter2 = ImageFilter.UnsharpMask(2.0, 125, 8)
-    i = im.filter(test_filter)
+    i = im.filter(test_filter2)
     assert i.mode == "RGB"
     assert i.size == (128, 128)
 
 
-def test_usm_formats(test_images) -> None:
+def test_usm_formats(test_images: dict[str, Image.Image]) -> None:
     im = test_images["im"]
 
     usm = ImageFilter.UnsharpMask
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ def test_usm_formats(test_images) -> None:
         im.convert("YCbCr").filter(usm)
 
 
-def test_blur_formats(test_images) -> None:
+def test_blur_formats(test_images: dict[str, Image.Image]) -> None:
     im = test_images["im"]
 
     blur = ImageFilter.GaussianBlur
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ def test_blur_formats(test_images) -> None:
         im.convert("YCbCr").filter(blur)
 
 
-def test_usm_accuracy(test_images) -> None:
+def test_usm_accuracy(test_images: dict[str, Image.Image]) -> None:
     snakes = test_images["snakes"]
 
     src = snakes.convert("RGB")
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ def test_usm_accuracy(test_images) -> None:
     assert i.tobytes() == src.tobytes()
 
 
-def test_blur_accuracy(test_images) -> None:
+def test_blur_accuracy(test_images: dict[str, Image.Image]) -> None:
     snakes = test_images["snakes"]
 
     i = snakes.filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(0.4))

Tests/test_imagepalette.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def test_getcolor_rgba_color_rgb_palette() -> None:
         (255, ImagePalette.ImagePalette("RGB", list(range(256)) * 3)),
     ],
 )
-def test_getcolor_not_special(index, palette) -> None:
+def test_getcolor_not_special(index: int, palette: ImagePalette.ImagePalette) -> None:
     im = Image.new("P", (1, 1))
 
     # Do not use transparency index as a new color