From 5554e778bba52f2414d0151642a2906aed254ad2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 5 Jul 2025 13:18:48 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 01/34] Removed unnecessary checks

---
 src/libImaging/AlphaComposite.c | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/libImaging/AlphaComposite.c b/src/libImaging/AlphaComposite.c
index 6d728f908..e14af0dea 100644
--- a/src/libImaging/AlphaComposite.c
+++ b/src/libImaging/AlphaComposite.c
@@ -25,13 +25,11 @@ ImagingAlphaComposite(Imaging imDst, Imaging imSrc) {
     int x, y;
 
     /* Check arguments */
-    if (!imDst || !imSrc || strcmp(imDst->mode, "RGBA") ||
-        imDst->type != IMAGING_TYPE_UINT8 || imDst->bands != 4) {
+    if (!imDst || !imSrc || strcmp(imDst->mode, "RGBA")) {
         return ImagingError_ModeError();
     }
 
-    if (strcmp(imDst->mode, imSrc->mode) || imDst->type != imSrc->type ||
-        imDst->bands != imSrc->bands || imDst->xsize != imSrc->xsize ||
+    if (strcmp(imDst->mode, imSrc->mode) || imDst->xsize != imSrc->xsize ||
         imDst->ysize != imSrc->ysize) {
         return ImagingError_Mismatch();
     }

From 3152da47355ed3f9b342dc94de8a2214798842c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 5 Jul 2025 13:51:18 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 02/34] Allow alpha_composite to use LA images

---
 Tests/test_image.py             | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/PIL/Image.py                |  5 ++---
 src/libImaging/AlphaComposite.c |  3 ++-
 3 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Tests/test_image.py b/Tests/test_image.py
index 6b8b6d42b..e4c25693a 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image.py
@@ -398,6 +398,37 @@ class TestImage:
         assert img_colors is not None
         assert sorted(img_colors) == expected_colors
 
+    def test_alpha_composite_la(self) -> None:
+        # Arrange
+        expected_colors = sorted(
+            [
+                (3300, (255, 255)),
+                (1156, (170, 192)),
+                (1122, (128, 255)),
+                (1089, (0, 0)),
+                (1122, (255, 128)),
+                (1122, (0, 128)),
+                (1089, (0, 255)),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        dst = Image.new("LA", size=(100, 100), color=(0, 255))
+        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(dst)
+        draw.rectangle((0, 33, 100, 66), fill=(0, 128))
+        draw.rectangle((0, 67, 100, 100), fill=(0, 0))
+        src = Image.new("LA", size=(100, 100), color=(255, 255))
+        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(src)
+        draw.rectangle((33, 0, 66, 100), fill=(255, 128))
+        draw.rectangle((67, 0, 100, 100), fill=(255, 0))
+
+        # Act
+        img = Image.alpha_composite(dst, src)
+
+        # Assert
+        img_colors = img.getcolors()
+        assert img_colors is not None
+        assert sorted(img_colors) == expected_colors
+
     def test_alpha_inplace(self) -> None:
         src = Image.new("RGBA", (128, 128), "blue")
 
diff --git a/src/PIL/Image.py b/src/PIL/Image.py
index d209405c4..f4f1eea79 100644
--- a/src/PIL/Image.py
+++ b/src/PIL/Image.py
@@ -3588,9 +3588,8 @@ def alpha_composite(im1: Image, im2: Image) -> Image:
     """
     Alpha composite im2 over im1.
 
-    :param im1: The first image. Must have mode RGBA.
-    :param im2: The second image.  Must have mode RGBA, and the same size as
-       the first image.
+    :param im1: The first image. Must have mode RGBA or LA.
+    :param im2: The second image. Must have the same mode and size as the first image.
     :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
     """
 
diff --git a/src/libImaging/AlphaComposite.c b/src/libImaging/AlphaComposite.c
index e14af0dea..44c451679 100644
--- a/src/libImaging/AlphaComposite.c
+++ b/src/libImaging/AlphaComposite.c
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ ImagingAlphaComposite(Imaging imDst, Imaging imSrc) {
     int x, y;
 
     /* Check arguments */
-    if (!imDst || !imSrc || strcmp(imDst->mode, "RGBA")) {
+    if (!imDst || !imSrc ||
+        (strcmp(imDst->mode, "RGBA") && strcmp(imDst->mode, "LA"))) {
         return ImagingError_ModeError();
     }
 

From 8b695cc0d36363cd853bd7d0cec7be2e31004537 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2025 22:50:05 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 03/34] When deleting EXIF IFD tag, clear IFD data

---
 Tests/test_image.py | 11 +++++++++++
 src/PIL/Image.py    |  2 ++
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Tests/test_image.py b/Tests/test_image.py
index 83b027aa2..e6f21c976 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image.py
@@ -922,6 +922,17 @@ class TestImage:
         reloaded_exif.load(exif.tobytes())
         assert reloaded_exif.get_ifd(0x8769) == exif.get_ifd(0x8769)
 
+    def test_delete_ifd_tag(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/flower.jpg") as im:
+            exif = im.getexif()
+        exif.get_ifd(0x8769)
+        assert 0x8769 in exif
+        del exif[0x8769]
+
+        reloaded_exif = Image.Exif()
+        reloaded_exif.load(exif.tobytes())
+        assert 0x8769 not in reloaded_exif
+
     def test_exif_load_from_fp(self) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/flower.jpg") as im:
             data = im.info["exif"]
diff --git a/src/PIL/Image.py b/src/PIL/Image.py
index 262b5478b..8901b3034 100644
--- a/src/PIL/Image.py
+++ b/src/PIL/Image.py
@@ -4215,6 +4215,8 @@ class Exif(_ExifBase):
             del self._info[tag]
         else:
             del self._data[tag]
+            if tag in self._ifds:
+                del self._ifds[tag]
 
     def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[int]:
         keys = set(self._data)

From 561ae3760c8a240d825598c0bd3b0365991586cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Jul 2025 17:18:47 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 04/34] Set correct size for rotated images after opening

---
 Tests/test_file_pcd.py    | 15 +++++++++++++++
 src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py |  3 +--
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Tests/test_file_pcd.py b/Tests/test_file_pcd.py
index 81a316fc1..9bf1a75f0 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_pcd.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_pcd.py
@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from io import BytesIO
+
+import pytest
+
 from PIL import Image
 
 
 def test_load_raw() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.pcd") as im:
+        assert im.size == (768, 512)
         im.load()  # should not segfault.
 
     # Note that this image was created with a resized hopper
@@ -15,3 +20,13 @@ def test_load_raw() -> None:
 
     # target = hopper().resize((768,512))
     # assert_image_similar(im, target, 10)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("orientation", (1, 3))
+def test_rotated(orientation: int) -> None:
+    with open("Tests/images/hopper.pcd", "rb") as fp:
+        data = bytearray(fp.read())
+    data[2048 + 1538] = orientation
+    f = BytesIO(data)
+    with Image.open(f) as im:
+        assert im.size == (512, 768)
diff --git a/src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py b/src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py
index 3aa249988..ac53f616e 100644
--- a/src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py
+++ b/src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py
@@ -46,14 +46,13 @@ class PcdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             self.tile_post_rotate = -90
 
         self._mode = "RGB"
-        self._size = 768, 512  # FIXME: not correct for rotated images!
+        self._size = (512, 768) if orientation in (1, 3) else (768, 512)
         self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("pcd", (0, 0) + self.size, 96 * 2048)]
 
     def load_end(self) -> None:
         if self.tile_post_rotate:
             # Handle rotated PCDs
             self.im = self.im.rotate(self.tile_post_rotate)
-            self._size = self.im.size
 
 
 #

From 7328cf2e5e9da9bbf2f2b20859c09707de8b1e4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Jul 2025 17:19:56 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 05/34] Reduced number of bytes read

---
 src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py b/src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py
index ac53f616e..7f9ab525c 100644
--- a/src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py
+++ b/src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class PcdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         assert self.fp is not None
 
         self.fp.seek(2048)
-        s = self.fp.read(2048)
+        s = self.fp.read(1539)
 
         if not s.startswith(b"PCD_"):
             msg = "not a PCD file"

From 6fdbf5433108454f8085b5d01c803367f97535a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Jul 2025 19:50:19 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 06/34] Width and height are unsigned

---
 src/PIL/GbrImagePlugin.py | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/PIL/GbrImagePlugin.py b/src/PIL/GbrImagePlugin.py
index f319d7e84..d69295363 100644
--- a/src/PIL/GbrImagePlugin.py
+++ b/src/PIL/GbrImagePlugin.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class GbrImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         width = i32(self.fp.read(4))
         height = i32(self.fp.read(4))
         color_depth = i32(self.fp.read(4))
-        if width <= 0 or height <= 0:
+        if width == 0 or height == 0:
             msg = "not a GIMP brush"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)
         if color_depth not in (1, 4):
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class GbrImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                 raise SyntaxError(msg)
             self.info["spacing"] = i32(self.fp.read(4))
 
-        comment = self.fp.read(comment_length)[:-1]
+        self.info["comment"] = self.fp.read(comment_length)[:-1]
 
         if color_depth == 1:
             self._mode = "L"
@@ -80,8 +80,6 @@ class GbrImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         self._size = width, height
 
-        self.info["comment"] = comment
-
         # Image might not be small
         Image._decompression_bomb_check(self.size)
 

From 4adff39bfd7a04c875b41bd879f513cde09c4604 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Jul 2025 19:55:58 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 07/34] Improved test coverage

---
 Tests/test_file_gbr.py | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Tests/test_file_gbr.py b/Tests/test_file_gbr.py
index 1b834cd3c..b8851d82b 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_gbr.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_gbr.py
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from io import BytesIO
+
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import GbrImagePlugin, Image
+from PIL import GbrImagePlugin, Image, _binary
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile
 
@@ -31,8 +33,49 @@ def test_multiple_load_operations() -> None:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/gbr.png")
 
 
-def test_invalid_file() -> None:
-    invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
+def create_gbr_image(info: dict[str, int] = {}, magic_number=b"") -> BytesIO:
+    return BytesIO(
+        b"".join(
+            _binary.o32be(i)
+            for i in [
+                info.get("header_size", 20),
+                info.get("version", 1),
+                info.get("width", 1),
+                info.get("height", 1),
+                info.get("color_depth", 1),
+            ]
+        )
+        + magic_number
+    )
 
-    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
+    for f in [
+        create_gbr_image({"header_size": 0}),
+        create_gbr_image({"width": 0}),
+        create_gbr_image({"height": 0}),
+    ]:
+        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="not a GIMP brush"):
+            GbrImagePlugin.GbrImageFile(f)
+
+    invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="Unsupported GIMP brush version"):
         GbrImagePlugin.GbrImageFile(invalid_file)
+
+
+def test_unsupported_gimp_brush() -> None:
+    f = create_gbr_image({"color_depth": 2})
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="Unsupported GIMP brush color depth: 2"):
+        GbrImagePlugin.GbrImageFile(f)
+
+
+def test_bad_magic_number() -> None:
+    f = create_gbr_image({"version": 2}, magic_number=b"badm")
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="not a GIMP brush, bad magic number"):
+        GbrImagePlugin.GbrImageFile(f)
+
+
+def test_L() -> None:
+    f = create_gbr_image()
+    with Image.open(f) as im:
+        assert im.mode == "L"

From 103a5a0b5913ab403eeaaf0b589278bc8e2b067b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 2025 18:22:10 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 08/34] Fixed ZeroDivisionError

---
 Tests/test_imagestat.py | 10 ++++++++++
 src/PIL/ImageStat.py    | 13 ++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Tests/test_imagestat.py b/Tests/test_imagestat.py
index 0dfbc5a2a..0baab7ce2 100644
--- a/Tests/test_imagestat.py
+++ b/Tests/test_imagestat.py
@@ -57,3 +57,13 @@ def test_constant() -> None:
     assert st.rms[0] == 128
     assert st.var[0] == 0
     assert st.stddev[0] == 0
+
+
+def test_zero_count() -> None:
+    im = Image.new("L", (0, 0))
+
+    st = ImageStat.Stat(im)
+
+    assert st.mean == [0]
+    assert st.rms == [0]
+    assert st.var == [0]
diff --git a/src/PIL/ImageStat.py b/src/PIL/ImageStat.py
index 8bc504526..3a1044ba4 100644
--- a/src/PIL/ImageStat.py
+++ b/src/PIL/ImageStat.py
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class Stat:
     @cached_property
     def mean(self) -> list[float]:
         """Average (arithmetic mean) pixel level for each band in the image."""
-        return [self.sum[i] / self.count[i] for i in self.bands]
+        return [self.sum[i] / self.count[i] if self.count[i] else 0 for i in self.bands]
 
     @cached_property
     def median(self) -> list[int]:
@@ -141,13 +141,20 @@ class Stat:
     @cached_property
     def rms(self) -> list[float]:
         """RMS (root-mean-square) for each band in the image."""
-        return [math.sqrt(self.sum2[i] / self.count[i]) for i in self.bands]
+        return [
+            math.sqrt(self.sum2[i] / self.count[i]) if self.count[i] else 0
+            for i in self.bands
+        ]
 
     @cached_property
     def var(self) -> list[float]:
         """Variance for each band in the image."""
         return [
-            (self.sum2[i] - (self.sum[i] ** 2.0) / self.count[i]) / self.count[i]
+            (
+                (self.sum2[i] - (self.sum[i] ** 2.0) / self.count[i]) / self.count[i]
+                if self.count[i]
+                else 0
+            )
             for i in self.bands
         ]
 

From 19829c3d95e9ee581d5ecd3f46e6c0af878482f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 18:55:45 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 09/34] Updated harfbuzz to 11.3.3

---
 .github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh | 2 +-
 winbuild/build_prepare.py                | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh b/.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh
index 4519271b9..f2b9a7f40 100755
--- a/.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ ARCHIVE_SDIR=pillow-depends-main
 # annotations have a source code patch that is required for some platforms. If
 # you change those versions, ensure the patch is also updated.
 FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.3
-HARFBUZZ_VERSION=11.2.1
+HARFBUZZ_VERSION=11.3.3
 LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.50
 JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.1.1
 OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.3
diff --git a/winbuild/build_prepare.py b/winbuild/build_prepare.py
index fbff0daf2..7067fc3c4 100644
--- a/winbuild/build_prepare.py
+++ b/winbuild/build_prepare.py
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ V = {
     "BROTLI": "1.1.0",
     "FREETYPE": "2.13.3",
     "FRIBIDI": "1.0.16",
-    "HARFBUZZ": "11.2.1",
+    "HARFBUZZ": "11.3.3",
     "JPEGTURBO": "3.1.1",
     "LCMS2": "2.17",
     "LIBAVIF": "1.3.0",

From 77247b62833afc78d561ce16ec8c34aae35f58c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2025 12:48:47 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 10/34] Update dependency cibuildwheel to v3.1.3 (#9129)

---
 .ci/requirements-cibw.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.ci/requirements-cibw.txt b/.ci/requirements-cibw.txt
index 823671828..9f9136557 100644
--- a/.ci/requirements-cibw.txt
+++ b/.ci/requirements-cibw.txt
@@ -1 +1 @@
-cibuildwheel==3.1.2
+cibuildwheel==3.1.3

From 4677cf3b1600dae5687efe651c2814f6f0f48541 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2025 13:58:41 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 11/34] Update dependency mypy to v1.17.1 (#9130)

---
 .ci/requirements-mypy.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.ci/requirements-mypy.txt b/.ci/requirements-mypy.txt
index 99eac6027..bd9563800 100644
--- a/.ci/requirements-mypy.txt
+++ b/.ci/requirements-mypy.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-mypy==1.17.0
+mypy==1.17.1
 IceSpringPySideStubs-PyQt6
 IceSpringPySideStubs-PySide6
 ipython

From 2973f69a756283fef2609ff473495827591b4551 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <3112309+radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 21:36:17 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 12/34] Updated libimagequant to 4.4.0 (#9074)

---
 depends/install_imagequant.sh              | 2 +-
 docs/installation/building-from-source.rst | 2 +-
 winbuild/build_prepare.py                  | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/depends/install_imagequant.sh b/depends/install_imagequant.sh
index 88756f8f9..357214f1f 100755
--- a/depends/install_imagequant.sh
+++ b/depends/install_imagequant.sh
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # install libimagequant
 
 archive_name=libimagequant
-archive_version=4.3.4
+archive_version=4.4.0
 
 archive=$archive_name-$archive_version
 
diff --git a/docs/installation/building-from-source.rst b/docs/installation/building-from-source.rst
index 59c595742..fc7ef7646 100644
--- a/docs/installation/building-from-source.rst
+++ b/docs/installation/building-from-source.rst
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
 
 * **libimagequant** provides improved color quantization
 
-  * Pillow has been tested with libimagequant **2.6-4.3.4**
+  * Pillow has been tested with libimagequant **2.6-4.4.0**
   * Libimagequant is licensed GPLv3, which is more restrictive than
     the Pillow license, therefore we will not be distributing binaries
     with libimagequant support enabled.
diff --git a/winbuild/build_prepare.py b/winbuild/build_prepare.py
index fbff0daf2..4fab5f4c4 100644
--- a/winbuild/build_prepare.py
+++ b/winbuild/build_prepare.py
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ V = {
     "JPEGTURBO": "3.1.1",
     "LCMS2": "2.17",
     "LIBAVIF": "1.3.0",
-    "LIBIMAGEQUANT": "4.3.4",
+    "LIBIMAGEQUANT": "4.4.0",
     "LIBPNG": "1.6.50",
     "LIBWEBP": "1.6.0",
     "OPENJPEG": "2.5.3",

From cee238bcb8ca6a49e21064dd5c40440bed838503 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2025 06:57:50 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 13/34] [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate (#9131)

---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 75c7d3632..cff17cd36 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.12.2
+    rev: v0.12.7
     hooks:
       - id: ruff-check
         args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ repos:
         exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.gd$|\.opt$|\.patch$)
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: v20.1.7
+    rev: v20.1.8
     hooks:
       - id: clang-format
         types: [c]
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ repos:
         additional_dependencies: [trove-classifiers>=2024.10.12]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/tox-ini-fmt
-    rev: 1.5.0
+    rev: 1.6.0
     hooks:
       - id: tox-ini-fmt
 

From d3fa549ec941997dfa48e59ecf0aa3cdeb007070 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Aug 2025 18:03:47 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 14/34] Use Python 3.14 for gcc problem matching

---
 .github/workflows/test.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index c075f04d7..0fad22a03 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ jobs:
         GHA_PYTHON_VERSION: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
     - name: Register gcc problem matcher
-      if: "matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.python-version == '3.13'"
+      if: "matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.python-version == '3.14'"
       run: echo "::add-matcher::.github/problem-matchers/gcc.json"
 
     - name: Build

From b07dbc167c3040f076ad679c5459979cb2ca71d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2025 08:17:09 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 15/34] Fixed typo

---
 docs/handbook/third-party-plugins.rst | 2 +-
 src/PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py             | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/handbook/third-party-plugins.rst b/docs/handbook/third-party-plugins.rst
index a189a5773..1c7dfb5e9 100644
--- a/docs/handbook/third-party-plugins.rst
+++ b/docs/handbook/third-party-plugins.rst
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Here is a list of PyPI projects that offer additional plugins:
 * :pypi:`heif-image-plugin`: Simple HEIF/HEIC images plugin, based on the pyheif library.
 * :pypi:`jxlpy`: Introduces reading and writing support for JPEG XL.
 * :pypi:`pillow-heif`: Python bindings to libheif for working with HEIF images.
-* :pypi:`pillow-jpls`: Plugin for the JPEG-LS codec, based on the Charls JPEG-LS implemetation. Python bindings implemented using pybind11.
+* :pypi:`pillow-jpls`: Plugin for the JPEG-LS codec, based on the Charls JPEG-LS implementation. Python bindings implemented using pybind11.
 * :pypi:`pillow-jxl-plugin`: Plugin for JPEG-XL, using Rust for bindings.
 * :pypi:`pillow-mbm`: Adds support for KSP's proprietary MBM texture format.
 * :pypi:`pillow-svg`: Implements basic SVG read support. Supports basic paths, shapes, and text.
diff --git a/src/PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py b/src/PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py
index d569cb4b8..de714d337 100644
--- a/src/PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py
+++ b/src/PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class WmfStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
     format_description = "Windows Metafile"
 
     def _open(self) -> None:
-        # check placable header
+        # check placeable header
         s = self.fp.read(44)
 
         if s.startswith(b"\xd7\xcd\xc6\x9a\x00\x00"):

From b1cfa7769ba64c0546a25c06fc7b3289a8b041c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2025 07:13:41 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 16/34] Update actions/download-artifact action to v5 (#9141)

---
 .github/workflows/wheels.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
index 5cc4f0355..d217d9292 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Upload wheels to scientific-python-nightly-wheels
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
         with:
           pattern: dist-*
           path: dist
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       id-token: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
         with:
           pattern: dist-*
           path: dist

From ee8fbc0ac9510551f3dea5d24938af8be3b196de Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2025 14:58:31 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 17/34] Make in parallel when building brotli and libavif

---
 .github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh b/.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh
index fb86b6c7d..c79cd2f17 100755
--- a/.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ function build_brotli {
     local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/google/brotli/archive/v$BROTLI_VERSION.tar.gz brotli-$BROTLI_VERSION.tar.gz)
     (cd $out_dir \
         && cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$BUILD_PREFIX -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib -DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib $HOST_CMAKE_FLAGS . \
-        && make install)
+        && make -j4 install)
     touch brotli-stamp
 }
 
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ function build_libavif {
         cp $WORKDIR/meson-cross.txt $out_dir/crossfile-apple.meson
     fi
 
-    (cd $out_dir && make install)
+    (cd $out_dir && make -j4 install)
 
     touch libavif-stamp
 }

From 5a90fb81cb75c9b33f5505659a9c5aa4f9d7881a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2025 18:37:17 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 18/34] Added checks directory to mypy

---
 tox.ini | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 8933945b1..d58fd67b6 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -30,4 +30,4 @@ skip_install = true
 deps =
     -r .ci/requirements-mypy.txt
 commands =
-    mypy conftest.py selftest.py setup.py docs src winbuild Tests {posargs}
+    mypy conftest.py selftest.py setup.py checks docs src winbuild Tests {posargs}

From f69c221376aebb7a2db019ae46c53814234e9a1e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2025 18:56:55 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 19/34] Do not import from Tests directory

---
 checks/check_imaging_leaks.py |  7 ++++---
 checks/check_j2k_leaks.py     | 11 ++++++-----
 checks/check_jpeg_leaks.py    | 32 +++++++++++++++++---------------
 3 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/checks/check_imaging_leaks.py b/checks/check_imaging_leaks.py
index a1d59ed9c..e9f202f3d 100755
--- a/checks/check_imaging_leaks.py
+++ b/checks/check_imaging_leaks.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import sys
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -8,12 +9,12 @@ import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image
 
-from .helper import is_win32
-
 min_iterations = 100
 max_iterations = 10000
 
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(is_win32(), reason="requires Unix or macOS")
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform.startswith("win32"), reason="requires Unix or macOS"
+)
 
 
 def _get_mem_usage() -> float:
diff --git a/checks/check_j2k_leaks.py b/checks/check_j2k_leaks.py
index bbe35b591..7103d502e 100644
--- a/checks/check_j2k_leaks.py
+++ b/checks/check_j2k_leaks.py
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import sys
 from io import BytesIO
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image
-
-from .helper import is_win32, skip_unless_feature
+from PIL import Image, features
 
 # Limits for testing the leak
 mem_limit = 1024 * 1048576
@@ -15,8 +14,10 @@ iterations = int((mem_limit / stack_size) * 2)
 test_file = "Tests/images/rgb_trns_ycbc.jp2"
 
 pytestmark = [
-    pytest.mark.skipif(is_win32(), reason="requires Unix or macOS"),
-    skip_unless_feature("jpg_2000"),
+    pytest.mark.skipif(
+        sys.platform.startswith("win32"), reason="requires Unix or macOS"
+    ),
+    pytest.mark.skipif(not features.check("jpg_2000"), reason="jpg_2000 not available"),
 ]
 
 
diff --git a/checks/check_jpeg_leaks.py b/checks/check_jpeg_leaks.py
index 2f42ad734..2c27ce1d5 100644
--- a/checks/check_jpeg_leaks.py
+++ b/checks/check_jpeg_leaks.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import sys
 from io import BytesIO
 
 import pytest
 
-from .helper import hopper, is_win32
+from PIL import Image
 
 iterations = 5000
 
@@ -18,7 +19,9 @@ valgrind --tool=massif python test-installed.py -s -v checks/check_jpeg_leaks.py
 """
 
 
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(is_win32(), reason="requires Unix or macOS")
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.platform.startswith("win32"), reason="requires Unix or macOS"
+)
 
 """
 pre patch:
@@ -112,10 +115,10 @@ standard_chrominance_qtable = (
     ),
 )
 def test_qtables_leak(qtables: tuple[tuple[int, ...]] | list[tuple[int, ...]]) -> None:
-    im = hopper("RGB")
-    for _ in range(iterations):
-        test_output = BytesIO()
-        im.save(test_output, "JPEG", qtables=qtables)
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.ppm") as im:
+        for _ in range(iterations):
+            test_output = BytesIO()
+            im.save(test_output, "JPEG", qtables=qtables)
 
 
 def test_exif_leak() -> None:
@@ -173,12 +176,12 @@ def test_exif_leak() -> None:
        0 +----------------------------------------------------------------------->Gi
          0                                                                   11.33
     """
-    im = hopper("RGB")
     exif = b"12345678" * 4096
 
-    for _ in range(iterations):
-        test_output = BytesIO()
-        im.save(test_output, "JPEG", exif=exif)
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.ppm") as im:
+        for _ in range(iterations):
+            test_output = BytesIO()
+            im.save(test_output, "JPEG", exif=exif)
 
 
 def test_base_save() -> None:
@@ -207,8 +210,7 @@ def test_base_save() -> None:
          | :@ @@ @ # : : :: :: @:: :::: :::: :::: : : : : : : :::::::::::: :::@:::
        0 +----------------------------------------------------------------------->Gi
          0                                                                   7.882"""
-    im = hopper("RGB")
-
-    for _ in range(iterations):
-        test_output = BytesIO()
-        im.save(test_output, "JPEG")
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.ppm") as im:
+        for _ in range(iterations):
+            test_output = BytesIO()
+            im.save(test_output, "JPEG")

From 1a5acabd32fcb505350c84e35dc78319c3f63899 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2025 19:53:05 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 20/34] Make in parallel when building libjpeg-turbo and
 openjpeg

---
 wheels/multibuild | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/wheels/multibuild b/wheels/multibuild
index 42d761728..647393271 160000
--- a/wheels/multibuild
+++ b/wheels/multibuild
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 42d761728d141d8462cd9943f4329f12fe62b155
+Subproject commit 64739327166fcad1fa41ad9b23fa910fa244c84f

From 5e7f1312874dfd01a7b03af26b5f836bf0aa65ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2025 10:40:32 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 21/34] Add Debian 13 Trixie (#9147)

Co-authored-by: Andrew Murray <3112309+radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/test-docker.yml      | 2 ++
 docs/installation/platform-support.rst | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-docker.yml b/.github/workflows/test-docker.yml
index 0b90732eb..47f2d3f0a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-docker.yml
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ jobs:
           centos-stream-10-amd64,
           debian-12-bookworm-x86,
           debian-12-bookworm-amd64,
+          debian-13-trixie-x86,
+          debian-13-trixie-amd64,
           fedora-41-amd64,
           fedora-42-amd64,
           gentoo,
diff --git a/docs/installation/platform-support.rst b/docs/installation/platform-support.rst
index 5cf0276d1..d97895c86 100644
--- a/docs/installation/platform-support.rst
+++ b/docs/installation/platform-support.rst
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Debian 12 Bookworm               | 3.11                       | x86, x86-64         |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
+| Debian 13 Trixie                 | 3.13                       | x86, x86-64         |
++----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Fedora 41                        | 3.13                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Fedora 42                        | 3.13                       | x86-64              |

From a72c6318771ca8e385a5dcd5a72a721df403dc21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2025 12:36:33 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 22/34] Updated URLs

---
 .github/zizmor.yml      | 2 +-
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/zizmor.yml b/.github/zizmor.yml
index 5bdc48c30..b56709781 100644
--- a/.github/zizmor.yml
+++ b/.github/zizmor.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Configuration for the zizmor static analysis tool, run via pre-commit in CI
-# https://woodruffw.github.io/zizmor/configuration/
+# https://docs.zizmor.sh/configuration/
 rules:
   unpinned-uses:
     config:
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index cff17cd36..2be509d54 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ repos:
       - id: check-readthedocs
       - id: check-renovate
 
-  - repo: https://github.com/woodruffw/zizmor-pre-commit
+  - repo: https://github.com/zizmorcore/zizmor-pre-commit
     rev: v1.11.0
     hooks:
       - id: zizmor

From 425a3a1af07c262f39e6f0d4fd5fa47e7f711859 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 16 Aug 2025 11:33:02 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 23/34] Updated macOS version in CI targets

---
 docs/installation/platform-support.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/installation/platform-support.rst b/docs/installation/platform-support.rst
index d97895c86..3c5e4cd51 100644
--- a/docs/installation/platform-support.rst
+++ b/docs/installation/platform-support.rst
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | macOS 13 Ventura                 | 3.10                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| macOS 14 Sonoma                  | 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14     | arm64               |
+| macOS 15 Sequoia                 | 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14     | arm64               |
 |                                  | PyPy3                      |                     |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Ubuntu Linux 22.04 LTS (Jammy)   | 3.10                       | x86-64              |

From 62546924b5c890c4b7eebb163afc11fd8a71f0d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2025 08:07:12 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 24/34] Remove support for FreeType <= 2.9.0

---
 src/PIL/ImageFont.py | 18 +++---------------
 src/_imagingft.c     |  6 ------
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/PIL/ImageFont.py b/src/PIL/ImageFont.py
index bf3f471f5..a2bf9ccf9 100644
--- a/src/PIL/ImageFont.py
+++ b/src/PIL/ImageFont.py
@@ -671,11 +671,7 @@ class FreeTypeFont:
         :returns: A list of the named styles in a variation font.
         :exception OSError: If the font is not a variation font.
         """
-        try:
-            names = self.font.getvarnames()
-        except AttributeError as e:
-            msg = "FreeType 2.9.1 or greater is required"
-            raise NotImplementedError(msg) from e
+        names = self.font.getvarnames()
         return [name.replace(b"\x00", b"") for name in names]
 
     def set_variation_by_name(self, name: str | bytes) -> None:
@@ -702,11 +698,7 @@ class FreeTypeFont:
         :returns: A list of the axes in a variation font.
         :exception OSError: If the font is not a variation font.
         """
-        try:
-            axes = self.font.getvaraxes()
-        except AttributeError as e:
-            msg = "FreeType 2.9.1 or greater is required"
-            raise NotImplementedError(msg) from e
+        axes = self.font.getvaraxes()
         for axis in axes:
             if axis["name"]:
                 axis["name"] = axis["name"].replace(b"\x00", b"")
@@ -717,11 +709,7 @@ class FreeTypeFont:
         :param axes: A list of values for each axis.
         :exception OSError: If the font is not a variation font.
         """
-        try:
-            self.font.setvaraxes(axes)
-        except AttributeError as e:
-            msg = "FreeType 2.9.1 or greater is required"
-            raise NotImplementedError(msg) from e
+        self.font.setvaraxes(axes)
 
 
 class TransposedFont:
diff --git a/src/_imagingft.c b/src/_imagingft.c
index 29d8e9e71..c9938fd3e 100644
--- a/src/_imagingft.c
+++ b/src/_imagingft.c
@@ -1221,8 +1221,6 @@ glyph_error:
     return NULL;
 }
 
-#if FREETYPE_MAJOR > 2 || (FREETYPE_MAJOR == 2 && FREETYPE_MINOR > 9) || \
-    (FREETYPE_MAJOR == 2 && FREETYPE_MINOR == 9 && FREETYPE_PATCH == 1)
 static PyObject *
 font_getvarnames(FontObject *self) {
     int error;
@@ -1432,7 +1430,6 @@ font_setvaraxes(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
-#endif
 
 static void
 font_dealloc(FontObject *self) {
@@ -1451,13 +1448,10 @@ static PyMethodDef font_methods[] = {
     {"render", (PyCFunction)font_render, METH_VARARGS},
     {"getsize", (PyCFunction)font_getsize, METH_VARARGS},
     {"getlength", (PyCFunction)font_getlength, METH_VARARGS},
-#if FREETYPE_MAJOR > 2 || (FREETYPE_MAJOR == 2 && FREETYPE_MINOR > 9) || \
-    (FREETYPE_MAJOR == 2 && FREETYPE_MINOR == 9 && FREETYPE_PATCH == 1)
     {"getvarnames", (PyCFunction)font_getvarnames, METH_NOARGS},
     {"getvaraxes", (PyCFunction)font_getvaraxes, METH_NOARGS},
     {"setvarname", (PyCFunction)font_setvarname, METH_VARARGS},
     {"setvaraxes", (PyCFunction)font_setvaraxes, METH_VARARGS},
-#endif
     {NULL, NULL}
 };
 

From c214ad8c8d40c785c8aca6226b5033085f24cb3d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <3112309+radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2025 06:43:07 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 25/34] Use macos-14 for iOS arm64 simulator (#9161)

---
 .github/workflows/wheels.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
index d217d9292..d5aacb162 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
             cibw_arch: arm64_iphoneos
           - name: "iOS arm64 simulator"
             platform: ios
-            os: macos-latest
+            os: macos-14
             cibw_arch: arm64_iphonesimulator
           - name: "iOS x86_64 simulator"
             platform: ios

From 1435339290f8112999dfa85a07718cdac2ce2cfc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2025 10:13:56 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 26/34] Update actions/checkout action to v5 (#9156)

---
 .github/workflows/docs.yml                 | 2 +-
 .github/workflows/lint.yml                 | 2 +-
 .github/workflows/test-docker.yml          | 2 +-
 .github/workflows/test-mingw.yml           | 2 +-
 .github/workflows/test-valgrind-memory.yml | 2 +-
 .github/workflows/test-valgrind.yml        | 2 +-
 .github/workflows/test-windows.yml         | 6 +++---
 .github/workflows/test.yml                 | 2 +-
 .github/workflows/wheels.yml               | 8 ++++----
 9 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/docs.yml b/.github/workflows/docs.yml
index 626824f38..761dc1125 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docs.yml
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Docs
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/lint.yml b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
index 8e789a734..9827ef1cd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Lint
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-docker.yml b/.github/workflows/test-docker.yml
index 47f2d3f0a..30e5c494d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-docker.yml
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
     name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml b/.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml
index 5a83c16c3..6c4206083 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout Pillow
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-valgrind-memory.yml b/.github/workflows/test-valgrind-memory.yml
index e6a5f6e77..0f36fe30d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-valgrind-memory.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-valgrind-memory.yml
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
     name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-valgrind.yml b/.github/workflows/test-valgrind.yml
index 8818b3b23..30caa0d4e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-valgrind.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-valgrind.yml
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
     name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-windows.yml b/.github/workflows/test-windows.yml
index c80bb6eb6..d55a8e5f5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-windows.yml
@@ -47,19 +47,19 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Pillow
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Checkout cached dependencies
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
         repository: python-pillow/pillow-depends
         path: winbuild\depends
 
     - name: Checkout extra test images
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
         repository: python-pillow/test-images
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 0fad22a03..b17d08892 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
     name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
index d5aacb162..24e78f965 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wheels.yml
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ jobs:
             os: macos-13
             cibw_arch: x86_64_iphonesimulator
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
           submodules: true
@@ -153,12 +153,12 @@ jobs:
           - cibw_arch: ARM64
             os: windows-11-arm
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Checkout extra test images
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
           repository: python-pillow/test-images
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event_name != 'schedule'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         persist-credentials: false
 

From c826b932c07522272eb1297a595c8c90726970db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2025 15:45:42 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 27/34] Document MAXBLOCK

---
 docs/reference/ImageFile.rst |  1 +
 src/PIL/ImageFile.py         | 12 ++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/reference/ImageFile.rst b/docs/reference/ImageFile.rst
index 043559352..4c34ff812 100644
--- a/docs/reference/ImageFile.rst
+++ b/docs/reference/ImageFile.rst
@@ -74,5 +74,6 @@ Constants
 ---------
 
 .. autodata:: PIL.ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES
+.. autodata:: PIL.ImageFile.MAXBLOCK
 .. autodata:: PIL.ImageFile.ERRORS
     :annotation:
diff --git a/src/PIL/ImageFile.py b/src/PIL/ImageFile.py
index 27b27127e..e33b846d4 100644
--- a/src/PIL/ImageFile.py
+++ b/src/PIL/ImageFile.py
@@ -46,6 +46,18 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 MAXBLOCK = 65536
+"""
+By default, Pillow processes image data in blocks. This helps to prevent excessive use
+of resources. Codecs may disable this behaviour with ``_pulls_fd`` or ``_pushes_fd``.
+
+When reading an image, this is the number of bytes to read at once.
+
+When writing an image, this is the number of bytes to write at once.
+If the image width times 4 is greater, then that will be used instead.
+Plugins may also set a greater number.
+
+User code may set this to another number.
+"""
 
 SAFEBLOCK = 1024 * 1024
 

From 34c651deb8390ef752425a31e1473af4d6c9db3d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "renovate[bot]" <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2025 08:48:38 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 28/34] Update dependency cibuildwheel to v3.1.4 (#9164)

---
 .ci/requirements-cibw.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.ci/requirements-cibw.txt b/.ci/requirements-cibw.txt
index 9f9136557..d87d7956f 100644
--- a/.ci/requirements-cibw.txt
+++ b/.ci/requirements-cibw.txt
@@ -1 +1 @@
-cibuildwheel==3.1.3
+cibuildwheel==3.1.4

From 6a3bde05a46a8326fe02fb53fcab5a6f915d7193 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2025 15:32:12 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 29/34] Do not set core to DeferredError

---
 src/PIL/Image.py | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/PIL/Image.py b/src/PIL/Image.py
index b7c185e0d..683c80762 100644
--- a/src/PIL/Image.py
+++ b/src/PIL/Image.py
@@ -103,7 +103,6 @@ try:
         raise ImportError(msg)
 
 except ImportError as v:
-    core = DeferredError.new(ImportError("The _imaging C module is not installed."))
     # Explanations for ways that we know we might have an import error
     if str(v).startswith("Module use of python"):
         # The _imaging C module is present, but not compiled for

From 009444f9c51d2d008fd0256769c93a7c2acb670a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2025 21:56:03 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 30/34] Improved _accept length check

---
 src/PIL/FliImagePlugin.py      | 2 +-
 src/PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py | 2 +-
 src/PIL/PcxImagePlugin.py      | 2 +-
 src/PIL/PpmImagePlugin.py      | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/PIL/FliImagePlugin.py b/src/PIL/FliImagePlugin.py
index 7c5bfeefa..ccb8a5953 100644
--- a/src/PIL/FliImagePlugin.py
+++ b/src/PIL/FliImagePlugin.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ from ._util import DeferredError
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
     return (
-        len(prefix) >= 6
+        len(prefix) >= 16
         and i16(prefix, 4) in [0xAF11, 0xAF12]
         and i16(prefix, 14) in [0, 3]  # flags
     )
diff --git a/src/PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py b/src/PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py
index 439fc5a3e..dfa798893 100644
--- a/src/PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py
+++ b/src/PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def register_handler(handler: ImageFile.StubHandler | None) -> None:
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix.startswith(b"GRIB") and prefix[7] == 1
+    return len(prefix) >= 8 and prefix.startswith(b"GRIB") and prefix[7] == 1
 
 
 class GribStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
diff --git a/src/PIL/PcxImagePlugin.py b/src/PIL/PcxImagePlugin.py
index 458d586c4..6b16d5385 100644
--- a/src/PIL/PcxImagePlugin.py
+++ b/src/PIL/PcxImagePlugin.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[0] == 10 and prefix[1] in [0, 2, 3, 5]
+    return len(prefix) >= 2 and prefix[0] == 10 and prefix[1] in [0, 2, 3, 5]
 
 
 ##
diff --git a/src/PIL/PpmImagePlugin.py b/src/PIL/PpmImagePlugin.py
index db34d107a..307bc97ff 100644
--- a/src/PIL/PpmImagePlugin.py
+++ b/src/PIL/PpmImagePlugin.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ MODES = {
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix.startswith(b"P") and prefix[1] in b"0123456fy"
+    return len(prefix) >= 2 and prefix.startswith(b"P") and prefix[1] in b"0123456fy"
 
 
 ##

From 84122a20c70589ee4d68986507b9b54c91a19620 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Aug 2025 18:29:25 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 31/34] Replaced print with assert

---
 Tests/test_numpy.py | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Tests/test_numpy.py b/Tests/test_numpy.py
index ef54deeeb..f6acb3aff 100644
--- a/Tests/test_numpy.py
+++ b/Tests/test_numpy.py
@@ -28,15 +28,13 @@ def test_numpy_to_image() -> None:
             a = numpy.array(data, dtype=dtype)
             a.shape = TEST_IMAGE_SIZE
             i = Image.fromarray(a)
-            if list(i.getdata()) != data:
-                print("data mismatch for", dtype)
+            assert list(i.getdata()) == data
         else:
             data = list(range(100))
             a = numpy.array([[x] * bands for x in data], dtype=dtype)
             a.shape = TEST_IMAGE_SIZE[0], TEST_IMAGE_SIZE[1], bands
             i = Image.fromarray(a)
-            if list(i.getchannel(0).getdata()) != list(range(100)):
-                print("data mismatch for", dtype)
+            assert list(i.getchannel(0).getdata()) == list(range(100))
         return i
 
     # Check supported 1-bit integer formats

From 54f4a346ef89e33eec0f889569a6d280eca70656 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Aug 2025 19:06:19 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 32/34] Added has_feature_version

---
 Tests/helper.py                  |  8 ++++++++
 Tests/test_file_webp_animated.py | 18 ++++++------------
 Tests/test_image_quantize.py     | 18 ++++++++++--------
 3 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Tests/helper.py b/Tests/helper.py
index e0dc8a9d4..dbdd30b42 100644
--- a/Tests/helper.py
+++ b/Tests/helper.py
@@ -175,6 +175,14 @@ def skip_unless_feature(feature: str) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
     return pytest.mark.skipif(not features.check(feature), reason=reason)
 
 
+def has_feature_version(feature: str, required: str) -> bool:
+    version = features.version(feature)
+    assert version is not None
+    version_required = parse_version(required)
+    version_available = parse_version(version)
+    return version_available >= version_required
+
+
 def skip_unless_feature_version(
     feature: str, required: str, reason: str | None = None
 ) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_webp_animated.py b/Tests/test_file_webp_animated.py
index 503761374..600448fb9 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_webp_animated.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_webp_animated.py
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ from collections.abc import Generator
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
-from packaging.version import parse as parse_version
 
-from PIL import GifImagePlugin, Image, WebPImagePlugin, features
+from PIL import GifImagePlugin, Image, WebPImagePlugin
 
 from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal,
     assert_image_similar,
+    has_feature_version,
     is_big_endian,
     skip_unless_feature,
 )
@@ -53,11 +53,8 @@ def test_write_animation_L(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             im.load()
             assert_image_similar(im, orig.convert("RGBA"), 32.9)
 
-            if is_big_endian():
-                version = features.version_module("webp")
-                assert version is not None
-                if parse_version(version) < parse_version("1.2.2"):
-                    pytest.skip("Fails with libwebp earlier than 1.2.2")
+            if is_big_endian() and not has_feature_version("webp", "1.2.2"):
+                pytest.skip("Fails with libwebp earlier than 1.2.2")
             orig.seek(orig.n_frames - 1)
             im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
             orig.load()
@@ -81,11 +78,8 @@ def test_write_animation_RGB(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             assert_image_equal(im, frame1.convert("RGBA"))
 
             # Compare second frame to original
-            if is_big_endian():
-                version = features.version_module("webp")
-                assert version is not None
-                if parse_version(version) < parse_version("1.2.2"):
-                    pytest.skip("Fails with libwebp earlier than 1.2.2")
+            if is_big_endian() and not has_feature_version("webp", "1.2.2"):
+                pytest.skip("Fails with libwebp earlier than 1.2.2")
             im.seek(1)
             im.load()
             assert_image_equal(im, frame2.convert("RGBA"))
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_quantize.py b/Tests/test_image_quantize.py
index 6d313cb8c..d847c7440 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_quantize.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_quantize.py
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pytest
-from packaging.version import parse as parse_version
 
-from PIL import Image, features
+from PIL import Image
 
-from .helper import assert_image_similar, hopper, is_ppc64le, skip_unless_feature
+from .helper import (
+    assert_image_similar,
+    has_feature_version,
+    hopper,
+    is_ppc64le,
+    skip_unless_feature,
+)
 
 
 def test_sanity() -> None:
@@ -23,11 +28,8 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 @skip_unless_feature("libimagequant")
 def test_libimagequant_quantize() -> None:
     image = hopper()
-    if is_ppc64le():
-        version = features.version_feature("libimagequant")
-        assert version is not None
-        if parse_version(version) < parse_version("4"):
-            pytest.skip("Fails with libimagequant earlier than 4.0.0 on ppc64le")
+    if is_ppc64le() and not has_feature_version("libimagequant", "4"):
+        pytest.skip("Fails with libimagequant earlier than 4.0.0 on ppc64le")
     converted = image.quantize(100, Image.Quantize.LIBIMAGEQUANT)
     assert converted.mode == "P"
     assert_image_similar(converted.convert("RGB"), image, 15)

From f80ac8d6b8915a7150d6179798e284f6002b8bd9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Aug 2025 19:16:38 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 33/34] Check version independently

---
 Tests/test_imagefontctl.py | 81 ++++++++++++++++----------------------
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Tests/test_imagefontctl.py b/Tests/test_imagefontctl.py
index 5954de874..95af3fda8 100644
--- a/Tests/test_imagefontctl.py
+++ b/Tests/test_imagefontctl.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
 from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal_tofile,
     assert_image_similar_tofile,
+    has_feature_version,
     skip_unless_feature,
 )
 
@@ -104,11 +105,9 @@ def test_text_direction_ttb() -> None:
 
     im = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(100, 300))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
-    try:
-        draw.text((0, 0), "English あい", font=ttf, fill=500, direction="ttb")
-    except ValueError as ex:
-        if str(ex) == "libraqm 0.7 or greater required for 'ttb' direction":
-            pytest.skip("libraqm 0.7 or greater not available")
+    if not has_feature_version("raqm", "0.7"):
+        pytest.skip("libraqm 0.7 or greater not available")
+    draw.text((0, 0), "English あい", font=ttf, fill=500, direction="ttb")
 
     target = "Tests/images/test_direction_ttb.png"
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, target, 2.8)
@@ -119,19 +118,17 @@ def test_text_direction_ttb_stroke() -> None:
 
     im = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(100, 300))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
-    try:
-        draw.text(
-            (27, 27),
-            "あい",
-            font=ttf,
-            fill=500,
-            direction="ttb",
-            stroke_width=2,
-            stroke_fill="#0f0",
-        )
-    except ValueError as ex:
-        if str(ex) == "libraqm 0.7 or greater required for 'ttb' direction":
-            pytest.skip("libraqm 0.7 or greater not available")
+    if not has_feature_version("raqm", "0.7"):
+        pytest.skip("libraqm 0.7 or greater not available")
+    draw.text(
+        (27, 27),
+        "あい",
+        font=ttf,
+        fill=500,
+        direction="ttb",
+        stroke_width=2,
+        stroke_fill="#0f0",
+    )
 
     target = "Tests/images/test_direction_ttb_stroke.png"
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, target, 19.4)
@@ -219,14 +216,9 @@ def test_getlength(
     im = Image.new(mode, (1, 1), 0)
     d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
 
-    try:
-        assert d.textlength(text, ttf, direction) == expected
-    except ValueError as ex:
-        if (
-            direction == "ttb"
-            and str(ex) == "libraqm 0.7 or greater required for 'ttb' direction"
-        ):
-            pytest.skip("libraqm 0.7 or greater not available")
+    if direction == "ttb" and not has_feature_version("raqm", "0.7"):
+        pytest.skip("libraqm 0.7 or greater not available")
+    assert d.textlength(text, ttf, direction) == expected
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "1"))
@@ -242,17 +234,12 @@ def test_getlength_combine(mode: str, direction: str, text: str) -> None:
 
     ttf = ImageFont.truetype("Tests/fonts/NotoSans-Regular.ttf", 48)
 
-    try:
-        target = ttf.getlength("ii", mode, direction)
-        actual = ttf.getlength(text, mode, direction)
+    if direction == "ttb" and not has_feature_version("raqm", "0.7"):
+        pytest.skip("libraqm 0.7 or greater not available")
+    target = ttf.getlength("ii", mode, direction)
+    actual = ttf.getlength(text, mode, direction)
 
-        assert actual == target
-    except ValueError as ex:
-        if (
-            direction == "ttb"
-            and str(ex) == "libraqm 0.7 or greater required for 'ttb' direction"
-        ):
-            pytest.skip("libraqm 0.7 or greater not available")
+    assert actual == target
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("anchor", ("lt", "mm", "rb", "sm"))
@@ -265,11 +252,9 @@ def test_anchor_ttb(anchor: str) -> None:
     d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
     d.line(((0, 200), (200, 200)), "gray")
     d.line(((100, 0), (100, 400)), "gray")
-    try:
-        d.text((100, 200), text, fill="black", anchor=anchor, direction="ttb", font=f)
-    except ValueError as ex:
-        if str(ex) == "libraqm 0.7 or greater required for 'ttb' direction":
-            pytest.skip("libraqm 0.7 or greater not available")
+    if not has_feature_version("raqm", "0.7"):
+        pytest.skip("libraqm 0.7 or greater not available")
+    d.text((100, 200), text, fill="black", anchor=anchor, direction="ttb", font=f)
 
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, path, 1)  # fails at 5
 
@@ -310,10 +295,12 @@ combine_tests = (
 
 # this tests various combining characters for anchor alignment and clipping
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "name, text, anchor, dir, epsilon", combine_tests, ids=[r[0] for r in combine_tests]
+    "name, text, anchor, direction, epsilon",
+    combine_tests,
+    ids=[r[0] for r in combine_tests],
 )
 def test_combine(
-    name: str, text: str, dir: str | None, anchor: str | None, epsilon: float
+    name: str, text: str, direction: str | None, anchor: str | None, epsilon: float
 ) -> None:
     path = f"Tests/images/test_combine_{name}.png"
     f = ImageFont.truetype("Tests/fonts/NotoSans-Regular.ttf", 48)
@@ -322,11 +309,9 @@ def test_combine(
     d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
     d.line(((0, 200), (400, 200)), "gray")
     d.line(((200, 0), (200, 400)), "gray")
-    try:
-        d.text((200, 200), text, fill="black", anchor=anchor, direction=dir, font=f)
-    except ValueError as ex:
-        if str(ex) == "libraqm 0.7 or greater required for 'ttb' direction":
-            pytest.skip("libraqm 0.7 or greater not available")
+    if direction == "ttb" and not has_feature_version("raqm", "0.7"):
+        pytest.skip("libraqm 0.7 or greater not available")
+    d.text((200, 200), text, fill="black", anchor=anchor, direction=direction, font=f)
 
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, path, epsilon)
 

From c7a268e5a5d026d17374309a0fde23cbcc0f8bf0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Murray <3112309+radarhere@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Sep 2025 08:23:30 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 34/34] ImageMorph operations must have length 1 (#9102)

---
 Tests/test_imagemorph.py     | 14 ++++++++------
 docs/releasenotes/12.0.0.rst |  7 +++++++
 src/PIL/ImageMorph.py        |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Tests/test_imagemorph.py b/Tests/test_imagemorph.py
index 515e29cea..ca192a809 100644
--- a/Tests/test_imagemorph.py
+++ b/Tests/test_imagemorph.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageMorph, _imagingmorph
 
-from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile, hopper
+from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile, hopper, timeout_unless_slower_valgrind
 
 
 def string_to_img(image_string: str) -> Image.Image:
@@ -266,16 +266,18 @@ def test_unknown_pattern() -> None:
         ImageMorph.LutBuilder(op_name="unknown")
 
 
-def test_pattern_syntax_error() -> None:
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "pattern", ("a pattern with a syntax error", "4:(" + "X" * 30000)
+)
+@timeout_unless_slower_valgrind(1)
+def test_pattern_syntax_error(pattern: str) -> None:
     # Arrange
     lb = ImageMorph.LutBuilder(op_name="corner")
-    new_patterns = ["a pattern with a syntax error"]
+    new_patterns = [pattern]
     lb.add_patterns(new_patterns)
 
     # Act / Assert
-    with pytest.raises(
-        Exception, match='Syntax error in pattern "a pattern with a syntax error"'
-    ):
+    with pytest.raises(Exception, match='Syntax error in pattern "'):
         lb.build_lut()
 
 
diff --git a/docs/releasenotes/12.0.0.rst b/docs/releasenotes/12.0.0.rst
index e21c243ea..41edea318 100644
--- a/docs/releasenotes/12.0.0.rst
+++ b/docs/releasenotes/12.0.0.rst
@@ -150,3 +150,10 @@ others prepare for 3.14, and to ensure Pillow could be used immediately at the r
 of 3.14.0 final (2025-10-07, :pep:`745`).
 
 Pillow 12.0.0 now officially supports Python 3.14.
+
+ImageMorph operations must have length 1
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Valid ImageMorph operations are 4, N, 1 and M. By limiting the length to 1 character
+within Pillow, long execution times can be avoided if a user provided long pattern
+strings. Reported by Jang Choi.
diff --git a/src/PIL/ImageMorph.py b/src/PIL/ImageMorph.py
index f0a066b5b..bd70aff7b 100644
--- a/src/PIL/ImageMorph.py
+++ b/src/PIL/ImageMorph.py
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class LutBuilder:
 
         # Parse and create symmetries of the patterns strings
         for p in self.patterns:
-            m = re.search(r"(\w*):?\s*\((.+?)\)\s*->\s*(\d)", p.replace("\n", ""))
+            m = re.search(r"(\w):?\s*\((.+?)\)\s*->\s*(\d)", p.replace("\n", ""))
             if not m:
                 msg = 'Syntax error in pattern "' + p + '"'
                 raise Exception(msg)