Merge branch 'main' into zlib-ng-with-sip

.appveyor.yml

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-skip_commits:
-  files:
-    - ".github/**/*"
-    - ".gitmodules"
-    - "docs/**/*"
-    - "wheels/**/*"
-
-version: '{build}'
-clone_folder: c:\pillow
-init:
-- ECHO %PYTHON%
-#- ps: iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/appveyor/ci/master/scripts/enable-rdp.ps1'))
-# Uncomment previous line to get RDP access during the build.
-
-environment:
-  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
-  EXECUTABLE: python.exe
-  TEST_OPTIONS:
-  DEPLOY: YES
-  matrix:
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python313
-    ARCHITECTURE: x86
-    APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2022
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python39-x64
-    ARCHITECTURE: AMD64
-    APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2019
-
-
-install:
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% --version'
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip install --upgrade pip'
-- curl -fsSL -o pillow-test-images.zip https://github.com/python-pillow/test-images/archive/main.zip
-- 7z x pillow-test-images.zip -oc:\
-- xcopy /S /Y c:\test-images-main\* c:\pillow\tests\images
-- curl -fsSL -o nasm-win64.zip https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/main/nasm-2.16.03-win64.zip
-- 7z x nasm-win64.zip -oc:\
-- choco install ghostscript --version=10.4.0
-- path c:\nasm-2.16.03;C:\Program Files\gs\gs10.04.0\bin;%PATH%
-- cd c:\pillow\winbuild\
-- ps: |
-        c:\python39\python.exe c:\pillow\winbuild\build_prepare.py -v --depends=C:\pillow-depends\
-        c:\pillow\winbuild\build\build_dep_all.cmd
-        $host.SetShouldExit(0)
-- path C:\pillow\winbuild\build\bin;%PATH%
-
-build_script:
-- cd c:\pillow
-- winbuild\build\build_env.cmd
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip install -v -C raqm=vendor -C fribidi=vendor .'
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% selftest.py --installed'
-
-test_script:
-- cd c:\pillow
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip install pytest pytest-cov pytest-timeout defusedxml ipython numpy olefile pyroma'
-- c:\"Program Files (x86)"\"Windows Kits"\10\Debuggers\x86\gflags.exe /p /enable %PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE%
-- path %PYTHON%;%PATH%
-- .ci\test.cmd
-
-after_test:
-- curl -Os https://uploader.codecov.io/latest/windows/codecov.exe
-- .\codecov.exe --file coverage.xml --name %PYTHON% --flags AppVeyor
-
-matrix:
-  fast_finish: true
-
-cache:
-- '%LOCALAPPDATA%\pip\Cache'
-
-artifacts:
-- path: pillow\*.egg
-  name: egg
-- path: pillow\*.whl
-  name: wheel
-
-before_deploy:
-  - cd c:\pillow
-  - '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip wheel -v -C raqm=vendor -C fribidi=vendor .'
-  - ps: Get-ChildItem .\*.whl | % { Push-AppveyorArtifact $_.FullName -FileName $_.Name }
-
-deploy:
-  provider: S3
-  region: us-west-2
-  access_key_id: AKIAIRAXC62ZNTVQJMOQ
-  secret_access_key:
-    secure: Hwb6klTqtBeMgxAjRoDltiiqpuH8xbwD4UooDzBSiCWXjuFj1lyl4kHgHwTCCGqi
-  bucket: pillow-nightly
-  folder: win/$(APPVEYOR_BUILD_NUMBER)/
-  artifact: /.*egg|wheel/
-  on:
-    APPVEYOR_REPO_NAME: python-pillow/Pillow
-    branch: main
-    deploy: YES
-
-
-# Uncomment the following lines to get RDP access after the build/test and block for
-# up to the timeout limit (~1hr)
-#
-#on_finish:
-#- ps: $blockRdp = $true; iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/appveyor/ci/master/scripts/enable-rdp.ps1'))

.ci/after_success.sh

@@ -2,8 +2,4 @@
 
 # gather the coverage data
 python3 -m pip install coverage
-if [[ $MATRIX_DOCKER ]]; then
+python3 -m coverage xml
-  python3 -m coverage xml --ignore-errors
-else
-  python3 -m coverage xml
-fi

.ci/build.sh

@@ -3,8 +3,5 @@
 set -e
 
 python3 -m coverage erase
-if [ $(uname) == "Darwin" ]; then
-    export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/miniconda/include";
-fi
 make clean
 make install-coverage

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Please send a pull request to the `main` branch. Please include [documentation](
 - Fork the Pillow repository.
 - Create a branch from `main`.
 - Develop bug fixes, features, tests, etc.
-- Run the test suite. You can enable GitHub Actions (https://github.com/MY-USERNAME/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/projects/new) on your repo to catch test failures prior to the pull request, and [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh) to see if the changed code is covered by tests.
+- Run the test suite. You can enable GitHub Actions (https://github.com/MY-USERNAME/Pillow/actions) on your repo to catch test failures prior to the pull request, and [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh) to see if the changed code is covered by tests.
 - Create a pull request to pull the changes from your branch to the Pillow `main`.
 
 ### Guidelines
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Please send a pull request to the `main` branch. Please include [documentation](
 - Separate code commits from reformatting commits.
 - Provide tests for any newly added code.
 - Follow PEP 8.
-- When committing only documentation changes please include `[ci skip]` in the commit message to avoid running tests on AppVeyor.
+- When committing only documentation changes please include `[ci skip]` in the commit message to avoid running extra tests.
 - Include [release notes](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/tree/main/docs/releasenotes) as needed or appropriate with your bug fixes, feature additions and tests.
 
 ## Reporting Issues

.github/mergify.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ pull_request_rules:
       - status-success=Windows Test Successful
       - status-success=MinGW
       - status-success=Cygwin Test Successful
-      - status-success=continuous-integration/appveyor/pr
     actions:
       merge:
         method: merge

.github/workflows/macos-install.sh

@@ -10,15 +10,11 @@ brew install \
     ghostscript \
     jpeg-turbo \
     libimagequant \
+    libraqm \
     libtiff \
     little-cms2 \
     openjpeg \
     webp
-if [[ "$ImageOS" == "macos13" ]]; then
-    brew install --ignore-dependencies libraqm
-else
-    brew install libraqm
-fi
 export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openblas/lib/pkgconfig"
 
 python3 -m pip install coverage

.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Cygwin
-        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v4
+        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v5
         with:
           packages: >
             gcc-g++

.github/workflows/test-docker.yml

@@ -29,16 +29,12 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   build:
 
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
+        os: ["ubuntu-latest"]
         docker: [
-          # Run slower jobs first to give them a headstart and reduce waiting time
-          ubuntu-22.04-jammy-arm64v8,
-          ubuntu-24.04-noble-ppc64le,
-          ubuntu-24.04-noble-s390x,
-          # Then run the remainder
           alpine,
           amazon-2-amd64,
           amazon-2023-amd64,
@@ -55,12 +51,17 @@ jobs:
         ]
         dockerTag: [main]
         include:
-          - docker: "ubuntu-22.04-jammy-arm64v8"
-            qemu-arch: "aarch64"
           - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-ppc64le"
+            os: "ubuntu-22.04"
             qemu-arch: "ppc64le"
+            dockerTag: main
           - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-s390x"
+            os: "ubuntu-22.04"
             qemu-arch: "s390x"
+            dockerTag: main
+          - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-arm64v8"
+            os: "ubuntu-24.04-arm"
+            dockerTag: main
 
     name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
@@ -90,15 +91,15 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: After success
       run: |
-        PATH="$PATH:~/.local/bin"
         docker start pillow_container
+        sudo docker cp pillow_container:/Pillow /Pillow
+        sudo chown -R runner /Pillow
         pil_path=`docker exec pillow_container /vpy3/bin/python -c 'import os, PIL;print(os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(PIL.__file__)))'`
         docker stop pillow_container
         sudo mkdir -p $pil_path
         sudo cp src/PIL/*.py $pil_path
+        cd /Pillow
         .ci/after_success.sh
-      env:
-        MATRIX_DOCKER: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     - name: Upload coverage
       uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5

.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml

@@ -60,15 +60,14 @@ jobs:
               mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-ghostscript \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-lcms2 \
-              mingw-w64-x86_64-libimagequant \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libjpeg-turbo \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libraqm \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libtiff \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libwebp \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-openjpeg2 \
-              mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-numpy \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-numpy \
-              mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-olefile \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-olefile \
-              mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-pip \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pip \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest-cov \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest-timeout \

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -31,15 +31,20 @@ env:
 
 jobs:
   build:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["pypy3.10", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: ["pypy3.10", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        architecture: ["x64"]
+        os: ["windows-latest"]
+        include:
+            # Test the oldest Python on 32-bit
+            - { python-version: "3.9", architecture: "x86", os: "windows-2019" }
 
     timeout-minutes: 30
 
-    name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+    name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} (${{ matrix.architecture }})
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Pillow
@@ -67,6 +72,7 @@ jobs:
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         allow-prereleases: true
+        architecture: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
         cache: pip
         cache-dependency-path: ".github/workflows/test-windows.yml"
 
@@ -78,7 +84,7 @@ jobs:
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
 
     - name: Install CPython dependencies
-      if: "!contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy')"
+      if: "!contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy') && matrix.architecture != 'x86'"
       run: |
         python3 -m pip install PyQt6
 

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ jobs:
         ]
         python-version: [
           "pypy3.10",
+          "3.14",
           "3.13t",
           "3.13",
           "3.12",

.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh

@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ ARCHIVE_SDIR=pillow-depends-main
 
 # Package versions for fresh source builds
 FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.3
-HARFBUZZ_VERSION=10.1.0
+HARFBUZZ_VERSION=10.2.0
-LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.44
+LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.46
 JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.1.0
 OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.3
-XZ_VERSION=5.6.3
+XZ_VERSION=5.6.4
 TIFF_VERSION=4.6.0
 LCMS2_VERSION=2.16
 ZLIB_NG_VERSION=2.2.3

.github/workflows/wheels-test.ps1

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ if ("$venv" -like "*\cibw-run-*\pp*-win_amd64\*") {
 $env:path += ";$pillow\winbuild\build\bin\"
 & "$venv\Scripts\activate.ps1"
 & reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\python.exe" /v "GlobalFlag" /t REG_SZ /d "0x02000000" /f
+if ("$venv" -like "*\cibw-run-*-win_amd64\*") {
+  & python -m pip install numpy
+}
 cd $pillow
 & python -VV
 if (!$?) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }

.github/workflows/wheels.yml

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ on:
     paths:
       - ".ci/requirements-cibw.txt"
       - ".github/workflows/wheel*"
+      - "pyproject.toml"
       - "setup.py"
       - "wheels/*"
       - "winbuild/build_prepare.py"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ on:
     paths:
       - ".ci/requirements-cibw.txt"
       - ".github/workflows/wheel*"
+      - "pyproject.toml"
       - "setup.py"
       - "wheels/*"
       - "winbuild/build_prepare.py"
@@ -40,62 +42,7 @@ env:
   FORCE_COLOR: 1
 
 jobs:
-  build-1-QEMU-emulated-wheels:
+  build-native-wheels:
-    if: github.event_name != 'schedule'
-    name: aarch64 ${{ matrix.python-version }} ${{ matrix.spec }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        python-version:
-          - pp310
-          - cp3{9,10,11}
-          - cp3{12,13}
-        spec:
-          - manylinux2014
-          - manylinux_2_28
-          - musllinux
-        exclude:
-          - { python-version: pp310, spec: musllinux }
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-          submodules: true
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with:
-          python-version: "3.x"
-
-      # https://github.com/docker/setup-qemu-action
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-
-      - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: |
-          python3 -m pip install -r .ci/requirements-cibw.txt
-
-      - name: Build wheels
-        run: |
-          python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-        env:
-          # Build only the currently selected Linux architecture (so we can
-          # parallelise for speed).
-          CIBW_ARCHS: "aarch64"
-          # Likewise, select only one Python version per job to speed this up.
-          CIBW_BUILD: "${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.spec == 'musllinux' && 'musllinux' || 'manylinux' }}*"
-          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease
-          # Extra options for manylinux.
-          CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.spec }}
-          CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.spec }}
-
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: dist-qemu-${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.spec }}
-          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
-
-  build-2-native-wheels:
     if: github.event_name != 'schedule' || github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow'
     name: ${{ matrix.name }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -130,6 +77,14 @@ jobs:
             cibw_arch: x86_64
             build: "*manylinux*"
             manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
+          - name: "manylinux2014 and musllinux aarch64"
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            cibw_arch: aarch64
+          - name: "manylinux_2_28 aarch64"
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            cibw_arch: aarch64
+            build: "*manylinux*"
+            manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -150,7 +105,9 @@ jobs:
         env:
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
           CIBW_BUILD: ${{ matrix.build }}
-          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading
+          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading pypy
+          CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
+          CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_SKIP: pp39-*
@@ -227,7 +184,7 @@ jobs:
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
           CIBW_BEFORE_ALL: "{package}\\winbuild\\build\\build_dep_all.cmd"
           CIBW_CACHE_PATH: "C:\\cibw"
-          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading
+          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading pypy
           CIBW_SKIP: pp39-*
           CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*-win_arm64"
           CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: 'docker run --rm
@@ -273,7 +230,7 @@ jobs:
 
   scientific-python-nightly-wheels-publish:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow' && (github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
-    needs: [build-2-native-wheels, windows]
+    needs: [build-native-wheels, windows]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Upload wheels to scientific-python-nightly-wheels
     steps:
@@ -290,7 +247,7 @@ jobs:
 
   pypi-publish:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow' && github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags')
-    needs: [build-1-QEMU-emulated-wheels, build-2-native-wheels, windows, sdist]
+    needs: [build-native-wheels, windows, sdist]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Upload release to PyPI
     environment:

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.8.4
+    rev: v0.9.4
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
-    rev: 24.10.0
+    rev: 25.1.0
     hooks:
       - id: black
 
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit
-    rev: 1.8.0
+    rev: 1.8.2
     hooks:
     - id: bandit
       args: [--severity-level=high]
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ repos:
         exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.gd$|\.opt$)
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: v19.1.5
+    rev: v19.1.7
     hooks:
       - id: clang-format
         types: [c]
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ repos:
         exclude: ^.github/.*TEMPLATE|^Tests/(fonts|images)/
 
   - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-    rev: 0.30.0
+    rev: 0.31.1
     hooks:
       - id: check-github-workflows
       - id: check-readthedocs
       - id: check-renovate
 
   - repo: https://github.com/woodruffw/zizmor-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.10.0
+    rev: v1.3.0
     hooks:
       - id: zizmor
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ repos:
         additional_dependencies: [trove-classifiers>=2024.10.12]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/tox-ini-fmt
-    rev: 1.4.1
+    rev: 1.5.0
     hooks:
       - id: tox-ini-fmt
 

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 version: 2
 
+sphinx:
+  configuration: docs/conf.py
+
 formats: [pdf]
 
 build:

MANIFEST.in

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ graft docs
 graft _custom_build
 
 # build/src control detritus
-exclude .appveyor.yml
 exclude .clang-format
 exclude .coveragerc
 exclude .editorconfig

README.md

@@ -42,9 +42,6 @@ As of 2019, Pillow development is
             <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-docker.yml"><img
                 alt="GitHub Actions build status (Test Docker)"
                 src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20Docker/badge.svg"></a>
-            <a href="https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow"><img
-                alt="AppVeyor CI build status (Windows)"
-                src="https://img.shields.io/appveyor/build/python-pillow/Pillow/main.svg?label=Windows%20build"></a>
             <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml"><img
                 alt="GitHub Actions build status (Wheels)"
                 src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Wheels/badge.svg"></a>

RELEASING.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Released quarterly on January 2nd, April 1st, July 1st and October 15th.
 
 * [ ] Open a release ticket e.g. https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/3154
 * [ ] Develop and prepare release in `main` branch.
-* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow) to confirm passing tests in `main` branch.
+* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) to confirm passing tests in `main` branch.
 * [ ] Check that all the wheel builds pass the tests in the [GitHub Actions "Wheels" workflow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml) jobs by manually triggering them.
 * [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/), update version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
 * [ ] Run pre-release check via `make release-test` in a freshly cloned repo.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Released as needed for security, installation or critical bug fixes.
   git checkout -t remotes/origin/5.2.x
   ```
 * [ ] Cherry pick individual commits from `main` branch to release branch e.g. `5.2.x`, then `git push`.
-* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow) to confirm passing tests in release branch e.g. `5.2.x`.
+* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) to confirm passing tests in release branch e.g. `5.2.x`.
 * [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/), update version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
 * [ ] Run pre-release check via `make release-test`.
 * [ ] Create tag for release e.g.:

Tests/check_png_dos.py

@@ -3,26 +3,25 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import zlib
 from io import BytesIO
 
+import pytest
+
 from PIL import Image, ImageFile, PngImagePlugin
 
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/png_decompression_dos.png"
 
 
-def test_ignore_dos_text() -> None:
+def test_ignore_dos_text(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-    ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
 
-    try:
+    with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
         im.load()
-    finally:
-        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
-    assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
-    for s in im.text.values():
+        for s in im.text.values():
-        assert len(s) < 1024 * 1024, "Text chunk larger than 1M"
+            assert len(s) < 1024 * 1024, "Text chunk larger than 1M"
 
-    for s in im.info.values():
+        for s in im.info.values():
-        assert len(s) < 1024 * 1024, "Text chunk larger than 1M"
+            assert len(s) < 1024 * 1024, "Text chunk larger than 1M"
 
 
 def test_dos_text() -> None:

Tests/helper.py

@@ -140,18 +140,11 @@ def assert_image_similar_tofile(
     filename: str,
     epsilon: float,
     msg: str | None = None,
-    mode: str | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     with Image.open(filename) as img:
-        if mode:
-            img = img.convert(mode)
         assert_image_similar(a, img, epsilon, msg)
 
 
-def assert_all_same(items: Sequence[Any], msg: str | None = None) -> None:
-    assert items.count(items[0]) == len(items), msg
-
-
 def assert_not_all_same(items: Sequence[Any], msg: str | None = None) -> None:
     assert items.count(items[0]) != len(items), msg
 
@@ -327,16 +320,7 @@ def magick_command() -> list[str] | None:
     return None
 
 
-def on_appveyor() -> bool:
-    return "APPVEYOR" in os.environ
-
-
-def on_github_actions() -> bool:
-    return "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ
-
-
 def on_ci() -> bool:
-    # GitHub Actions and AppVeyor have "CI"
     return "CI" in os.environ
 
 

Tests/oss-fuzz/test_fuzzers.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import fuzzers
 import packaging
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image, UnidentifiedImageError, features
+from PIL import Image, features
 from Tests.helper import skip_unless_feature
 
 if sys.platform.startswith("win32"):
@@ -32,21 +32,17 @@ def test_fuzz_images(path: str) -> None:
             fuzzers.fuzz_image(f.read())
             assert True
     except (
+        # Known exceptions from Pillow
         OSError,
         SyntaxError,
         MemoryError,
         ValueError,
         NotImplementedError,
         OverflowError,
-    ):
+        # Known Image.* exceptions
-        # Known exceptions that are through from Pillow
-        assert True
-    except (
         Image.DecompressionBombError,
         Image.DecompressionBombWarning,
-        UnidentifiedImageError,
     ):
-        # Known Image.* exceptions
         assert True
     finally:
         fuzzers.disable_decompressionbomb_error()

Tests/test_color_lut.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ except ImportError:
 class TestColorLut3DCoreAPI:
     def generate_identity_table(
         self, channels: int, size: int | tuple[int, int, int]
-    ) -> tuple[int, int, int, int, list[float]]:
+    ) -> tuple[int, tuple[int, int, int], list[float]]:
         if isinstance(size, tuple):
             size_1d, size_2d, size_3d = size
         else:
@@ -39,9 +39,7 @@ class TestColorLut3DCoreAPI:
         ]
         return (
             channels,
-            size_1d,
+            (size_1d, size_2d, size_3d),
-            size_2d,
-            size_3d,
             [item for sublist in table for item in sublist],
         )
 
@@ -89,21 +87,21 @@ class TestColorLut3DCoreAPI:
 
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"size1D \* size2D \* size3D"):
             im.im.color_lut_3d(
-                "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, 2, 2, 2, [0, 0, 0] * 7
+                "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, (2, 2, 2), [0, 0, 0] * 7
             )
 
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"size1D \* size2D \* size3D"):
             im.im.color_lut_3d(
-                "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, 2, 2, 2, [0, 0, 0] * 9
+                "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, (2, 2, 2), [0, 0, 0] * 9
             )
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
             im.im.color_lut_3d(
-                "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, 2, 2, 2, [0, 0, "0"] * 8
+                "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, (2, 2, 2), [0, 0, "0"] * 8
             )
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            im.im.color_lut_3d("RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, 2, 2, 2, 16)
+            im.im.color_lut_3d("RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, (2, 2, 2), 16)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "lut_mode, table_channels, table_size",
@@ -264,7 +262,7 @@ class TestColorLut3DCoreAPI:
         assert_image_equal(
             Image.merge('RGB', im.split()[::-1]),
             im._new(im.im.color_lut_3d('RGB', Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
-                    3, 2, 2, 2, [
+                    3, (2, 2, 2), [
                         0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 1,
                         0, 1, 0,  0, 1, 1,
 
@@ -286,7 +284,7 @@ class TestColorLut3DCoreAPI:
 
         # fmt: off
         transformed = im._new(im.im.color_lut_3d('RGB', Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
-                              3, 2, 2, 2,
+                              3, (2, 2, 2),
                               [
                                   -1, -1, -1,   2, -1, -1,
                                   -1,  2, -1,   2,  2, -1,
@@ -307,7 +305,7 @@ class TestColorLut3DCoreAPI:
 
         # fmt: off
         transformed = im._new(im.im.color_lut_3d('RGB', Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
-                              3, 2, 2, 2,
+                              3, (2, 2, 2),
                               [
                                   -3, -3, -3,   5, -3, -3,
                                   -3,  5, -3,   5,  5, -3,

Tests/test_decompression_bomb.py

@@ -12,19 +12,16 @@ ORIGINAL_LIMIT = Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS
 
 
 class TestDecompressionBomb:
-    def teardown_method(self) -> None:
-        Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = ORIGINAL_LIMIT
-
     def test_no_warning_small_file(self) -> None:
         # Implicit assert: no warning.
         # A warning would cause a failure.
         with Image.open(TEST_FILE):
             pass
 
-    def test_no_warning_no_limit(self) -> None:
+    def test_no_warning_no_limit(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         # Arrange
         # Turn limit off
-        Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = None
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Image, "MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS", None)
         assert Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS is None
 
         # Act / Assert
@@ -33,18 +30,18 @@ class TestDecompressionBomb:
         with Image.open(TEST_FILE):
             pass
 
-    def test_warning(self) -> None:
+    def test_warning(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         # Set limit to trigger warning on the test file
-        Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = 128 * 128 - 1
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Image, "MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS", 128 * 128 - 1)
         assert Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS == 128 * 128 - 1
 
         with pytest.warns(Image.DecompressionBombWarning):
             with Image.open(TEST_FILE):
                 pass
 
-    def test_exception(self) -> None:
+    def test_exception(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         # Set limit to trigger exception on the test file
-        Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = 64 * 128 - 1
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Image, "MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS", 64 * 128 - 1)
         assert Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS == 64 * 128 - 1
 
         with pytest.raises(Image.DecompressionBombError):
@@ -66,9 +63,9 @@ class TestDecompressionBomb:
             with pytest.raises(Image.DecompressionBombError):
                 im.seek(1)
 
-    def test_exception_gif_zero_width(self) -> None:
+    def test_exception_gif_zero_width(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         # Set limit to trigger exception on the test file
-        Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = 4 * 64 * 128
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Image, "MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS", 4 * 64 * 128)
         assert Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS == 4 * 64 * 128
 
         with pytest.raises(Image.DecompressionBombError):

Tests/test_file_apng.py

@@ -307,13 +307,8 @@ def test_apng_syntax_errors() -> None:
             im.load()
 
     # we can handle this case gracefully
-    exception = None
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_low.png") as im:
-        try:
+        im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
-            im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
-        except Exception as e:
-            exception = e
-        assert exception is None
 
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_high.png") as im:
@@ -405,13 +400,8 @@ def test_apng_save_split_fdat(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             append_images=frames,
         )
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
-        exception = None
+        im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
-        try:
+        im.load()
-            im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
-            im.load()
-        except Exception as e:
-            exception = e
-        assert exception is None
 
 
 def test_apng_save_duration_loop(tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_fli.py

@@ -35,22 +35,19 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
         assert im.is_animated
 
 
-def test_prefix_chunk() -> None:
+def test_prefix_chunk(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-    ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
-    try:
+    with Image.open(animated_test_file_with_prefix_chunk) as im:
-        with Image.open(animated_test_file_with_prefix_chunk) as im:
+        assert im.mode == "P"
-            assert im.mode == "P"
+        assert im.size == (320, 200)
-            assert im.size == (320, 200)
+        assert im.format == "FLI"
-            assert im.format == "FLI"
+        assert im.info["duration"] == 171
-            assert im.info["duration"] == 171
+        assert im.is_animated
-            assert im.is_animated
 
-            palette = im.getpalette()
+        palette = im.getpalette()
-            assert palette[3:6] == [255, 255, 255]
+        assert palette[3:6] == [255, 255, 255]
-            assert palette[381:384] == [204, 204, 12]
+        assert palette[381:384] == [204, 204, 12]
-            assert palette[765:] == [252, 0, 0]
+        assert palette[765:] == [252, 0, 0]
-    finally:
-        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")

Tests/test_file_gif.py

@@ -86,12 +86,12 @@ def test_invalid_file() -> None:
 def test_l_mode_transparency() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/no_palette_with_transparency.gif") as im:
         assert im.mode == "L"
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == 128
+        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 128
         assert im.info["transparency"] == 255
 
         im.seek(1)
         assert im.mode == "L"
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == 128
+        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 128
 
 
 def test_l_mode_after_rgb() -> None:
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def test_palette_not_needed_for_second_frame() -> None:
         assert_image_similar(im, hopper("L").convert("RGB"), 8)
 
 
-def test_strategy() -> None:
+def test_strategy(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
         expected_rgb_always = im.convert("RGB")
 
@@ -119,35 +119,36 @@ def test_strategy() -> None:
         im.seek(1)
         expected_different = im.convert("RGB")
 
-    try:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_ALWAYS
+        GifImagePlugin, "LOADING_STRATEGY", GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_ALWAYS
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
+    )
-            assert im.mode == "RGB"
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
-            assert_image_equal(im, expected_rgb_always)
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"
+        assert_image_equal(im, expected_rgb_always)
 
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
-            assert im.mode == "RGBA"
+        assert im.mode == "RGBA"
-            assert_image_equal(im, expected_rgb_always_rgba)
+        assert_image_equal(im, expected_rgb_always_rgba)
 
-        GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = (
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
-            GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_DIFFERENT_PALETTE_ONLY
+        GifImagePlugin,
-        )
+        "LOADING_STRATEGY",
-        # Stay in P mode with only a global palette
+        GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_DIFFERENT_PALETTE_ONLY,
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
+    )
-            assert im.mode == "P"
+    # Stay in P mode with only a global palette
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
+        assert im.mode == "P"
 
-            im.seek(1)
+        im.seek(1)
-            assert im.mode == "P"
+        assert im.mode == "P"
-            assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), expected_different)
+        assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), expected_different)
 
-        # Change to RGB mode when a frame has an individual palette
+    # Change to RGB mode when a frame has an individual palette
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
-            assert im.mode == "P"
+        assert im.mode == "P"
 
-            im.seek(1)
+        im.seek(1)
-            assert im.mode == "RGB"
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"
-    finally:
-        GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_FIRST
 
 
 def test_optimize() -> None:
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ def test_loading_multiple_palettes(path: str, mode: str) -> None:
     with Image.open(path) as im:
         assert im.mode == "P"
         first_frame_colors = im.palette.colors.keys()
-        original_color = im.convert("RGB").load()[0, 0]
+        original_color = im.convert("RGB").getpixel((0, 0))
 
         im.seek(1)
         assert im.mode == mode
@@ -318,10 +319,10 @@ def test_loading_multiple_palettes(path: str, mode: str) -> None:
             im = im.convert("RGB")
 
         # Check a color only from the old palette
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == original_color
+        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == original_color
 
         # Check a color from the new palette
-        assert im.load()[24, 24] not in first_frame_colors
+        assert im.getpixel((24, 24)) not in first_frame_colors
 
 
 def test_headers_saving_for_animated_gifs(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -487,8 +488,7 @@ def test_eoferror() -> None:
 
 def test_first_frame_transparency() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/first_frame_transparency.gif") as im:
-        px = im.load()
+        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == im.info["transparency"]
-        assert px[0, 0] == im.info["transparency"]
 
 
 def test_dispose_none() -> None:
@@ -555,17 +555,15 @@ def test_dispose_background_transparency() -> None:
 def test_transparent_dispose(
     loading_strategy: GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy,
     expected_colors: tuple[tuple[int | tuple[int, int, int, int], ...]],
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
 ) -> None:
-    GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = loading_strategy
+    monkeypatch.setattr(GifImagePlugin, "LOADING_STRATEGY", loading_strategy)
-    try:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/transparent_dispose.gif") as img:
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/transparent_dispose.gif") as img:
+        for frame in range(3):
-            for frame in range(3):
+            img.seek(frame)
-                img.seek(frame)
+            for x in range(3):
-                for x in range(3):
+                color = img.getpixel((x, 0))
-                    color = img.getpixel((x, 0))
+                assert color == expected_colors[frame][x]
-                    assert color == expected_colors[frame][x]
-    finally:
-        GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_FIRST
 
 
 def test_dispose_previous() -> None:
@@ -1398,24 +1396,23 @@ def test_lzw_bits() -> None:
     ),
 )
 def test_extents(
-    test_file: str, loading_strategy: GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy
+    test_file: str,
+    loading_strategy: GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
 ) -> None:
-    GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = loading_strategy
+    monkeypatch.setattr(GifImagePlugin, "LOADING_STRATEGY", loading_strategy)
-    try:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/" + test_file) as im:
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/" + test_file) as im:
+        assert im.size == (100, 100)
-            assert im.size == (100, 100)
 
-            # Check that n_frames does not change the size
+        # Check that n_frames does not change the size
-            assert im.n_frames == 2
+        assert im.n_frames == 2
-            assert im.size == (100, 100)
+        assert im.size == (100, 100)
 
-            im.seek(1)
+        im.seek(1)
-            assert im.size == (150, 150)
+        assert im.size == (150, 150)
 
-            im.load()
+        im.load()
-            assert im.im.size == (150, 150)
+        assert im.im.size == (150, 150)
-    finally:
-        GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_FIRST
 
 
 def test_missing_background() -> None:

Tests/test_file_ico.py

@@ -243,27 +243,23 @@ def test_draw_reloaded(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/hopper_draw.ico")
 
 
-def test_truncated_mask() -> None:
+def test_truncated_mask(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     # 1 bpp
     with open("Tests/images/hopper_mask.ico", "rb") as fp:
         data = fp.read()
 
-    ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
     data = data[:-3]
 
-    try:
+    with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
-        with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
+        assert im.mode == "1"
-            with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_mask.png") as expected:
-                assert im.mode == "1"
 
-        # 32 bpp
+    # 32 bpp
-        output = io.BytesIO()
+    output = io.BytesIO()
-        expected = hopper("RGBA")
+    expected = hopper("RGBA")
-        expected.save(output, "ico", bitmap_format="bmp")
+    expected.save(output, "ico", bitmap_format="bmp")
 
-        data = output.getvalue()[:-1]
+    data = output.getvalue()[:-1]
 
-        with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
+    with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
-            assert im.mode == "RGB"
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"
-    finally:
-        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False

Tests/test_file_iptc.py

@@ -58,10 +58,7 @@ def test_getiptcinfo_fotostation() -> None:
 
     # Assert
     assert iptc is not None
-    for tag in iptc.keys():
+    assert 240 in (tag[0] for tag in iptc.keys()), "FotoStation tag not found"
-        if tag[0] == 240:
-            return
-    pytest.fail("FotoStation tag not found")
 
 
 def test_getiptcinfo_zero_padding() -> None:

Tests/test_file_jpeg.py

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         assert test(100, 200) == (100, 200)
         assert test(0) is None  # square pixels
 
-    def test_dpi_jfif_cm(self):
+    def test_dpi_jfif_cm(self) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/jfif_unit_cm.jpg") as im:
             assert im.info["dpi"] == (2.54, 5.08)
 
@@ -281,7 +281,10 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         assert not im2.info.get("progressive")
         assert im3.info.get("progressive")
 
-        assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
+        if features.check_feature("mozjpeg"):
+            assert_image_similar(im1, im3, 9.39)
+        else:
+            assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
         assert im1_bytes >= im3_bytes
 
     def test_progressive_large_buffer(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -423,8 +426,12 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
         im2 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progressive=1)
         im3 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progression=1)  # compatibility
-        assert_image_equal(im1, im2)
+        if features.check_feature("mozjpeg"):
-        assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
+            assert_image_similar(im1, im2, 9.39)
+            assert_image_similar(im1, im3, 9.39)
+        else:
+            assert_image_equal(im1, im2)
+            assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
         assert im2.info.get("progressive")
         assert im2.info.get("progression")
         assert im3.info.get("progressive")
@@ -523,12 +530,13 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
     @mark_if_feature_version(
         pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
     )
-    def test_truncated_jpeg_should_read_all_the_data(self) -> None:
+    def test_truncated_jpeg_should_read_all_the_data(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
         filename = "Tests/images/truncated_jpeg.jpg"
-        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+        monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
         with Image.open(filename) as im:
             im.load()
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
             assert im.getbbox() is not None
 
     def test_truncated_jpeg_throws_oserror(self) -> None:
@@ -926,7 +934,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
     def test_jpeg_magic_number(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         size = 4097
-        buffer = BytesIO(b"\xFF" * size)  # Many xFF bytes
+        buffer = BytesIO(b"\xff" * size)  # Many xff bytes
         max_pos = 0
         orig_read = buffer.read
 
@@ -1017,7 +1025,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             im.save(f, xmp=b"1" * 65505)
 
     @pytest.mark.timeout(timeout=1)
-    def test_eof(self) -> None:
+    def test_eof(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         # Even though this decoder never says that it is finished
         # the image should still end when there is no new data
         class InfiniteMockPyDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
@@ -1030,11 +1038,10 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
         with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             im.tile = [
-                ("INFINITE", (0, 0, 128, 128), 0, ("RGB", 0, 1)),
+                ImageFile._Tile("INFINITE", (0, 0, 128, 128), 0, ("RGB", 0, 1)),
             ]
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+            monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
             im.load()
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
     def test_separate_tables(self) -> None:
         im = hopper()

Tests/test_file_jpeg2k.py

@@ -181,14 +181,11 @@ def test_load_dpi() -> None:
         assert "dpi" not in im.info
 
 
-def test_restricted_icc_profile() -> None:
+def test_restricted_icc_profile(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-    ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
-    try:
+    # JPEG2000 image with a restricted ICC profile and a known colorspace
-        # JPEG2000 image with a restricted ICC profile and a known colorspace
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/balloon_eciRGBv2_aware.jp2") as im:
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/balloon_eciRGBv2_aware.jp2") as im:
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"
-            assert im.mode == "RGB"
-    finally:
-        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(
@@ -492,8 +489,7 @@ def test_plt_marker(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
     out.seek(0)
     while True:
         marker = out.read(2)
-        if not marker:
+        assert marker, "End of stream without PLT"
-            pytest.fail("End of stream without PLT")
 
         jp2_boxid = _binary.i16be(marker)
         if jp2_boxid == 0xFF4F:

Tests/test_file_libtiff.py

@@ -36,11 +36,7 @@ class LibTiffTestCase:
         im.load()
         im.getdata()
 
-        try:
+        assert im._compression == "group4"
-            assert im._compression == "group4"
-        except AttributeError:
-            print("No _compression")
-            print(dir(im))
 
         # can we write it back out, in a different form.
         out = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
@@ -313,7 +309,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         }
 
         def check_tags(
-            tiffinfo: TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2 | dict[int, str]
+            tiffinfo: TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2 | dict[int, str],
         ) -> None:
             im = hopper()
 
@@ -1107,13 +1103,15 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
     )
     def test_buffering(self, test_file: str) -> None:
         # load exif first
-        with Image.open(open(test_file, "rb", buffering=1048576)) as im:
+        with open(test_file, "rb", buffering=1048576) as f:
-            exif = dict(im.getexif())
+            with Image.open(f) as im:
+                exif = dict(im.getexif())
 
         # load image before exif
-        with Image.open(open(test_file, "rb", buffering=1048576)) as im2:
+        with open(test_file, "rb", buffering=1048576) as f:
-            im2.load()
+            with Image.open(f) as im2:
-            exif_after_load = dict(im2.getexif())
+                im2.load()
+                exif_after_load = dict(im2.getexif())
 
         assert exif == exif_after_load
 
@@ -1146,7 +1144,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
                 im.load()
 
             # Assert that the error code is IMAGING_CODEC_MEMORY
-            assert str(e.value) == "-9"
+            assert str(e.value) == "decoder error -9"
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("compression", ("tiff_adobe_deflate", "jpeg"))
     def test_save_multistrip(self, compression: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -1160,23 +1158,22 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
             assert len(im.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]) > 1
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("argument", (True, False))
-    def test_save_single_strip(self, argument: bool, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    def test_save_single_strip(
+        self, argument: bool, tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
         im = hopper("RGB").resize((256, 256))
         out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
 
         if not argument:
-            TiffImagePlugin.STRIP_SIZE = 2**18
+            monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "STRIP_SIZE", 2**18)
-        try:
+        arguments: dict[str, str | int] = {"compression": "tiff_adobe_deflate"}
-            arguments: dict[str, str | int] = {"compression": "tiff_adobe_deflate"}
+        if argument:
-            if argument:
+            arguments["strip_size"] = 2**18
-                arguments["strip_size"] = 2**18
+        im.save(out, "TIFF", **arguments)
-            im.save(out, "TIFF", **arguments)
 
-            with Image.open(out) as im:
+        with Image.open(out) as im:
-                assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
-                assert len(im.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]) == 1
+            assert len(im.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]) == 1
-        finally:
-            TiffImagePlugin.STRIP_SIZE = 65536
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("compression", ("tiff_adobe_deflate", None))
     def test_save_zero(self, compression: str | None, tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_pdf.py

@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ def test_pdf_append(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         # append some info
         pdf.info.Title = "abc"
         pdf.info.Author = "def"
-        pdf.info.Subject = "ghi\uABCD"
+        pdf.info.Subject = "ghi\uabcd"
         pdf.info.Keywords = "qw)e\\r(ty"
         pdf.info.Creator = "hopper()"
         pdf.start_writing()
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ def test_pdf_append(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert pdf.info.Title == "abc"
         assert pdf.info.Producer == "PdfParser"
         assert pdf.info.Keywords == "qw)e\\r(ty"
-        assert pdf.info.Subject == "ghi\uABCD"
+        assert pdf.info.Subject == "ghi\uabcd"
         assert b"CreationDate" in pdf.info
         assert b"ModDate" in pdf.info
         check_pdf_pages_consistency(pdf)

Tests/test_file_png.py

@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ class TestFilePng:
                 with pytest.raises((OSError, SyntaxError)):
                     im.verify()
 
-    def test_verify_ignores_crc_error(self) -> None:
+    def test_verify_ignores_crc_error(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         # check ignores crc errors in ancillary chunks
 
         chunk_data = chunk(b"tEXt", b"spam")
@@ -373,24 +373,20 @@ class TestFilePng:
         with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
             PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile(BytesIO(image_data))
 
-        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+        monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
-        try:
+        im = load(image_data)
-            im = load(image_data)
+        assert im is not None
-            assert im is not None
-        finally:
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
-    def test_verify_not_ignores_crc_error_in_required_chunk(self) -> None:
+    def test_verify_not_ignores_crc_error_in_required_chunk(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
         # check does not ignore crc errors in required chunks
 
         image_data = MAGIC + IHDR[:-1] + b"q" + TAIL
 
-        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+        monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
-        try:
+        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
-            with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+            PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile(BytesIO(image_data))
-                PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile(BytesIO(image_data))
-        finally:
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
     def test_roundtrip_dpi(self) -> None:
         # Check dpi roundtripping
@@ -600,7 +596,7 @@ class TestFilePng:
             (b"prIV", b"VALUE3", True),
         ]
 
-    def test_textual_chunks_after_idat(self) -> None:
+    def test_textual_chunks_after_idat(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.png") as im:
             assert "comment" in im.text
             for k, v in {
@@ -614,18 +610,17 @@ class TestFilePng:
             with pytest.raises(OSError):
                 assert isinstance(im.text, dict)
 
+        # Raises an EOFError in load_end
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_idat_after_image_end.png") as im:
+            assert im.text == {"TXT": "VALUE", "ZIP": "VALUE"}
+
         # Raises a UnicodeDecodeError in load_end
         with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_image.png") as im:
             # The file is truncated
             with pytest.raises(OSError):
-                im.text()
+                im.text
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+            monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
             assert isinstance(im.text, dict)
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
-
-        # Raises an EOFError in load_end
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_idat_after_image_end.png") as im:
-            assert im.text == {"TXT": "VALUE", "ZIP": "VALUE"}
 
     def test_unknown_compression_method(self) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="Unknown compression method"):
@@ -651,15 +646,16 @@ class TestFilePng:
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "cid", (b"IHDR", b"sRGB", b"pHYs", b"acTL", b"fcTL", b"fdAT")
     )
-    def test_truncated_chunks(self, cid: bytes) -> None:
+    def test_truncated_chunks(
+        self, cid: bytes, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
         fp = BytesIO()
         with PngImagePlugin.PngStream(fp) as png:
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                 png.call(cid, 0, 0)
 
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+            monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
             png.call(cid, 0, 0)
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("save_all", (True, False))
     def test_specify_bits(self, save_all: bool, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -789,17 +785,14 @@ class TestFilePng:
         with Image.open(mystdout) as reloaded:
             assert_image_equal_tofile(reloaded, TEST_PNG_FILE)
 
-    def test_truncated_end_chunk(self) -> None:
+    def test_truncated_end_chunk(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_end_chunk.png") as im:
             with pytest.raises(OSError):
                 im.load()
 
-        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+        monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
-        try:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_end_chunk.png") as im:
-            with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_end_chunk.png") as im:
+            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/hopper.png")
-                assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/hopper.png")
-        finally:
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_win32(), reason="Requires Unix or macOS")
@@ -808,11 +801,11 @@ class TestTruncatedPngPLeaks(PillowLeakTestCase):
     mem_limit = 2 * 1024  # max increase in K
     iterations = 100  # Leak is 56k/iteration, this will leak 5.6megs
 
-    def test_leak_load(self) -> None:
+    def test_leak_load(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         with open("Tests/images/hopper.png", "rb") as f:
             DATA = BytesIO(f.read(16 * 1024))
 
-        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+        monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
         with Image.open(DATA) as im:
             im.load()
 
@@ -820,7 +813,4 @@ class TestTruncatedPngPLeaks(PillowLeakTestCase):
             with Image.open(DATA) as im:
                 im.load()
 
-        try:
+        self._test_leak(core)
-            self._test_leak(core)
-        finally:
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False

Tests/test_file_ppm.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
         (b"P5 3 1 257 \x00\x00\x00\x80\x01\x01", "I", (0, 32640, 65535)),
         # P6 with maxval < 255
         (
-            b"P6 3 1 17 \x00\x01\x02\x08\x09\x0A\x0F\x10\x11",
+            b"P6 3 1 17 \x00\x01\x02\x08\x09\x0a\x0f\x10\x11",
             "RGB",
             (
                 (0, 15, 30),
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
         # P6 with maxval > 255
         (
             b"P6 3 1 257 \x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x02"
-            b"\x00\x80\x00\x81\x00\x82\x01\x00\x01\x01\xFF\xFF",
+            b"\x00\x80\x00\x81\x00\x82\x01\x00\x01\x01\xff\xff",
             "RGB",
             (
                 (0, 1, 2),

Tests/test_file_spider.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image, ImageSequence, SpiderImagePlugin
+from PIL import Image, SpiderImagePlugin
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper, is_pypy
 
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ def test_nonstack_file() -> None:
 
 def test_nonstack_dos() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
-        for i, frame in enumerate(ImageSequence.Iterator(im)):
+        with pytest.raises(EOFError):
-            assert i <= 1, "Non-stack DOS file test failed"
+            im.seek(0)
 
 
 # for issue #4093

Tests/test_file_tiff.py

@@ -117,10 +117,16 @@ class TestFileTiff:
 
     def test_bigtiff_save(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
-        hopper().save(outfile, big_tiff=True)
+        im = hopper()
+        im.save(outfile, big_tiff=True)
 
-        with Image.open(outfile) as im:
+        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
-            assert im.tag_v2._bigtiff is True
+            assert reloaded.tag_v2._bigtiff is True
+
+        im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im], big_tiff=True)
+
+        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.tag_v2._bigtiff is True
 
     def test_seek_too_large(self) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unable to seek to frame"):
@@ -753,6 +759,39 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
                 a.fixOffsets(1)
 
+        b = BytesIO(b"II\x2a\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00")
+        with TiffImagePlugin.AppendingTiffWriter(b) as a:
+            a.offsetOfNewPage = 2**16
+
+            b.seek(0)
+            a.fixOffsets(1, isShort=True)
+
+        b = BytesIO(b"II\x2b\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00")
+        with TiffImagePlugin.AppendingTiffWriter(b) as a:
+            a.offsetOfNewPage = 2**32
+
+            b.seek(0)
+            a.fixOffsets(1, isShort=True)
+
+            b.seek(0)
+            a.fixOffsets(1, isLong=True)
+
+    def test_appending_tiff_writer_writelong(self) -> None:
+        data = b"II\x2a\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+        b = BytesIO(data)
+        with TiffImagePlugin.AppendingTiffWriter(b) as a:
+            a.seek(-4, os.SEEK_CUR)
+            a.writeLong(2**32 - 1)
+            assert b.getvalue() == data[:-4] + b"\xff\xff\xff\xff"
+
+    def test_appending_tiff_writer_rewritelastshorttolong(self) -> None:
+        data = b"II\x2a\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+        b = BytesIO(data)
+        with TiffImagePlugin.AppendingTiffWriter(b) as a:
+            a.seek(-2, os.SEEK_CUR)
+            a.rewriteLastShortToLong(2**32 - 1)
+            assert b.getvalue() == data[:-4] + b"\xff\xff\xff\xff"
+
     def test_saving_icc_profile(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         # Tests saving TIFF with icc_profile set.
         # At the time of writing this will only work for non-compressed tiffs
@@ -902,11 +941,10 @@ class TestFileTiff:
 
     @pytest.mark.timeout(6)
     @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:Truncated File Read")
-    def test_timeout(self) -> None:
+    def test_timeout(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/timeout-6646305047838720") as im:
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+            monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
             im.load()
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "test_file",

Tests/test_file_webp.py

@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ except ImportError:
 
 
 class TestUnsupportedWebp:
-    def test_unsupported(self) -> None:
+    def test_unsupported(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         if HAVE_WEBP:
-            WebPImagePlugin.SUPPORTED = False
+            monkeypatch.setattr(WebPImagePlugin, "SUPPORTED", False)
 
         file_path = "Tests/images/hopper.webp"
         with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
@@ -38,9 +38,6 @@ class TestUnsupportedWebp:
                 with Image.open(file_path):
                     pass
 
-        if HAVE_WEBP:
-            WebPImagePlugin.SUPPORTED = True
-
 
 @skip_unless_feature("webp")
 class TestFileWebp:

Tests/test_file_wmf.py

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def test_load_float_dpi() -> None:
 
     with open("Tests/images/drawing.emf", "rb") as fp:
         data = fp.read()
-    b = BytesIO(data[:8] + b"\x06\xFA" + data[10:])
+    b = BytesIO(data[:8] + b"\x06\xfa" + data[10:])
     with Image.open(b) as im:
         assert im.info["dpi"][0] == 2540
 

Tests/test_image.py

@@ -189,8 +189,6 @@ class TestImage:
                 if ext == ".jp2" and not features.check_codec("jpg_2000"):
                     pytest.skip("jpg_2000 not available")
                 temp_file = str(tmp_path / ("temp." + ext))
-                if os.path.exists(temp_file):
-                    os.remove(temp_file)
                 im.save(Path(temp_file))
 
     def test_fp_name(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -580,9 +578,7 @@ class TestImage:
     def test_one_item_tuple(self) -> None:
         for mode in ("I", "F", "L"):
             im = Image.new(mode, (100, 100), (5,))
-            px = im.load()
+            assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 5
-            assert px is not None
-            assert px[0, 0] == 5
 
     def test_linear_gradient_wrong_mode(self) -> None:
         # Arrange
@@ -667,7 +663,7 @@ class TestImage:
         # Test illegal image mode
         with hopper() as im:
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                im.remap_palette(None)
+                im.remap_palette([])
 
     def test_remap_palette_transparency(self) -> None:
         im = Image.new("P", (1, 2), (0, 0, 0))
@@ -770,7 +766,7 @@ class TestImage:
         assert dict(exif)
 
         # Test that exif data is cleared after another load
-        exif.load(None)
+        exif.load(b"")
         assert not dict(exif)
 
         # Test loading just the EXIF header
@@ -991,6 +987,11 @@ class TestImage:
         else:
             assert im.getxmp() == {"xmpmeta": None}
 
+    def test_get_child_images(self) -> None:
+        im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert im.get_child_images() == []
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", ((1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0)))
     def test_zero_tobytes(self, size: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
         im = Image.new("RGB", size)

Tests/test_image_access.py

@@ -271,13 +271,25 @@ class TestImagePutPixelError:
 
 
 class TestEmbeddable:
-    @pytest.mark.xfail(reason="failing test")
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(not (sys.version_info >= (3, 13)), reason="failing test")
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not is_win32(), reason="requires Windows")
     def test_embeddable(self) -> None:
         import ctypes
 
         from setuptools.command import build_ext
 
+        compiler = getattr(build_ext, "new_compiler")()
+        compiler.add_include_dir(sysconfig.get_config_var("INCLUDEPY"))
+
+        libdir = sysconfig.get_config_var("LIBDIR") or sysconfig.get_config_var(
+            "INCLUDEPY"
+        ).replace("include", "libs")
+        compiler.add_library_dir(libdir)
+        try:
+            compiler.initialize()
+        except Exception:
+            pytest.skip("Compiler could not be initialized")
+
         with open("embed_pil.c", "w", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
             home = sys.prefix.replace("\\", "\\\\")
             fh.write(
@@ -305,13 +317,6 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
         """
             )
 
-        compiler = getattr(build_ext, "new_compiler")()
-        compiler.add_include_dir(sysconfig.get_config_var("INCLUDEPY"))
-
-        libdir = sysconfig.get_config_var("LIBDIR") or sysconfig.get_config_var(
-            "INCLUDEPY"
-        ).replace("include", "libs")
-        compiler.add_library_dir(libdir)
         objects = compiler.compile(["embed_pil.c"])
         compiler.link_executable(objects, "embed_pil")
 

Tests/test_image_convert.py

@@ -222,9 +222,7 @@ def test_l_macro_rounding(convert_mode: str) -> None:
         im.palette.getcolor((0, 1, 2))
 
         converted_im = im.convert(convert_mode)
-        px = converted_im.load()
+        converted_color = converted_im.getpixel((0, 0))
-        assert px is not None
-        converted_color = px[0, 0]
         if convert_mode == "LA":
             assert isinstance(converted_color, tuple)
             converted_color = converted_color[0]

Tests/test_image_quantize.py

@@ -148,10 +148,8 @@ def test_palette(method: Image.Quantize, color: tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGBA" if len(color) == 4 else "RGB", (1, 1), color)
 
     converted = im.quantize(method=method)
-    converted_px = converted.load()
-    assert converted_px is not None
     assert converted.palette is not None
-    assert converted_px[0, 0] == converted.palette.colors[color]
+    assert converted.getpixel((0, 0)) == converted.palette.colors[color]
 
 
 def test_small_palette() -> None:

Tests/test_image_resize.py

@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ class TestImageResize:
         # Test unknown resampling filter
         with hopper() as im:
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                im.resize((10, 10), "unknown")
+                im.resize((10, 10), -1)
 
     @skip_unless_feature("libtiff")
     def test_transposed(self) -> None:

Tests/test_imagedraw.py

@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ def test_rounded_rectangle(
         tuple[int, int, int, int]
         | tuple[list[int]]
         | tuple[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]]
-    )
+    ),
 ) -> None:
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (200, 200))
@@ -1396,6 +1396,28 @@ def test_stroke_descender() -> None:
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_stroke_descender.png", 6.76)
 
 
+@skip_unless_feature("freetype2")
+def test_stroke_inside_gap() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    im = Image.new("RGB", (120, 130))
+    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+    font = ImageFont.truetype("Tests/fonts/FreeMono.ttf", 120)
+
+    # Act
+    draw.text((12, 12), "i", "#f00", font, stroke_width=20)
+
+    # Assert
+    for y in range(im.height):
+        glyph = ""
+        for x in range(im.width):
+            if im.getpixel((x, y)) == (0, 0, 0):
+                if glyph == "started":
+                    glyph = "ended"
+            else:
+                assert glyph != "ended", "Gap inside stroked glyph"
+                glyph = "started"
+
+
 @skip_unless_feature("freetype2")
 def test_split_word() -> None:
     # Arrange

Tests/test_imagefile.py

@@ -191,13 +191,10 @@ class TestImageFile:
                 im.load()
 
     @skip_unless_feature("zlib")
-    def test_truncated_without_errors(self) -> None:
+    def test_truncated_without_errors(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_image.png") as im:
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+            monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
-            try:
+            im.load()
-                im.load()
-            finally:
-                ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
     @skip_unless_feature("zlib")
     def test_broken_datastream_with_errors(self) -> None:
@@ -206,13 +203,12 @@ class TestImageFile:
                 im.load()
 
     @skip_unless_feature("zlib")
-    def test_broken_datastream_without_errors(self) -> None:
+    def test_broken_datastream_without_errors(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/broken_data_stream.png") as im:
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+            monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
-            try:
+            im.load()
-                im.load()
-            finally:
-                ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
 
 class MockPyDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):

Tests/test_imagefont.py

@@ -254,7 +254,8 @@ def test_render_multiline_text(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "align, ext", (("left", ""), ("center", "_center"), ("right", "_right"))
+    "align, ext",
+    (("left", ""), ("center", "_center"), ("right", "_right"), ("justify", "_justify")),
 )
 def test_render_multiline_text_align(
     font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont, align: str, ext: str
@@ -461,6 +462,20 @@ def test_free_type_font_get_mask(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
     assert mask.size == (108, 13)
 
 
+def test_stroke_mask() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    text = "i"
+
+    # Act
+    font = ImageFont.truetype(FONT_PATH, 128)
+    mask = font.getmask(text, stroke_width=2)
+
+    # Assert
+    assert mask.getpixel((34, 5)) == 255
+    assert mask.getpixel((38, 5)) == 0
+    assert mask.getpixel((42, 5)) == 255
+
+
 def test_load_when_image_not_found() -> None:
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) as tmp:
         pass
@@ -543,7 +558,7 @@ def test_render_empty(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
 
 def test_unicode_extended(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
     # issue #3777
-    text = "A\u278A\U0001F12B"
+    text = "A\u278a\U0001f12b"
     target = "Tests/images/unicode_extended.png"
 
     ttf = ImageFont.truetype(
@@ -1012,7 +1027,7 @@ def test_sbix(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
         im = Image.new("RGB", (400, 400), "white")
         d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
 
-        d.text((50, 50), "\uE901", font=font, embedded_color=True)
+        d.text((50, 50), "\ue901", font=font, embedded_color=True)
 
         assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/chromacheck-sbix.png", 1)
     except OSError as e:  # pragma: no cover
@@ -1029,7 +1044,7 @@ def test_sbix_mask(layout_engine: ImageFont.Layout) -> None:
         im = Image.new("RGB", (400, 400), "white")
         d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
 
-        d.text((50, 50), "\uE901", (100, 0, 0), font=font)
+        d.text((50, 50), "\ue901", (100, 0, 0), font=font)
 
         assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/chromacheck-sbix_mask.png", 1)
     except OSError as e:  # pragma: no cover

Tests/test_imagefontctl.py

@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ def test_getlength(
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("direction", ("ltr", "ttb"))
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "text",
-    ("i" + ("\u030C" * 15) + "i", "i" + "\u032C" * 15 + "i", "\u035Cii", "i\u0305i"),
+    ("i" + ("\u030c" * 15) + "i", "i" + "\u032c" * 15 + "i", "\u035cii", "i\u0305i"),
     ids=("caron-above", "caron-below", "double-breve", "overline"),
 )
 def test_getlength_combine(mode: str, direction: str, text: str) -> None:
@@ -272,27 +272,27 @@ def test_anchor_ttb(anchor: str) -> None:
 
 combine_tests = (
     # extends above (e.g. issue #4553)
-    ("caron", "a\u030C\u030C\u030C\u030C\u030Cb", None, None, 0.08),
+    ("caron", "a\u030c\u030c\u030c\u030c\u030cb", None, None, 0.08),
-    ("caron_la", "a\u030C\u030C\u030C\u030C\u030Cb", "la", None, 0.08),
+    ("caron_la", "a\u030c\u030c\u030c\u030c\u030cb", "la", None, 0.08),
-    ("caron_lt", "a\u030C\u030C\u030C\u030C\u030Cb", "lt", None, 0.08),
+    ("caron_lt", "a\u030c\u030c\u030c\u030c\u030cb", "lt", None, 0.08),
-    ("caron_ls", "a\u030C\u030C\u030C\u030C\u030Cb", "ls", None, 0.08),
+    ("caron_ls", "a\u030c\u030c\u030c\u030c\u030cb", "ls", None, 0.08),
-    ("caron_ttb", "ca" + ("\u030C" * 15) + "b", None, "ttb", 0.3),
+    ("caron_ttb", "ca" + ("\u030c" * 15) + "b", None, "ttb", 0.3),
-    ("caron_ttb_lt", "ca" + ("\u030C" * 15) + "b", "lt", "ttb", 0.3),
+    ("caron_ttb_lt", "ca" + ("\u030c" * 15) + "b", "lt", "ttb", 0.3),
     # extends below
-    ("caron_below", "a\u032C\u032C\u032C\u032C\u032Cb", None, None, 0.02),
+    ("caron_below", "a\u032c\u032c\u032c\u032c\u032cb", None, None, 0.02),
-    ("caron_below_ld", "a\u032C\u032C\u032C\u032C\u032Cb", "ld", None, 0.02),
+    ("caron_below_ld", "a\u032c\u032c\u032c\u032c\u032cb", "ld", None, 0.02),
-    ("caron_below_lb", "a\u032C\u032C\u032C\u032C\u032Cb", "lb", None, 0.02),
+    ("caron_below_lb", "a\u032c\u032c\u032c\u032c\u032cb", "lb", None, 0.02),
-    ("caron_below_ls", "a\u032C\u032C\u032C\u032C\u032Cb", "ls", None, 0.02),
+    ("caron_below_ls", "a\u032c\u032c\u032c\u032c\u032cb", "ls", None, 0.02),
-    ("caron_below_ttb", "a" + ("\u032C" * 15) + "b", None, "ttb", 0.03),
+    ("caron_below_ttb", "a" + ("\u032c" * 15) + "b", None, "ttb", 0.03),
-    ("caron_below_ttb_lb", "a" + ("\u032C" * 15) + "b", "lb", "ttb", 0.03),
+    ("caron_below_ttb_lb", "a" + ("\u032c" * 15) + "b", "lb", "ttb", 0.03),
     # extends to the right (e.g. issue #3745)
-    ("double_breve_below", "a\u035Ci", None, None, 0.02),
+    ("double_breve_below", "a\u035ci", None, None, 0.02),
-    ("double_breve_below_ma", "a\u035Ci", "ma", None, 0.02),
+    ("double_breve_below_ma", "a\u035ci", "ma", None, 0.02),
-    ("double_breve_below_ra", "a\u035Ci", "ra", None, 0.02),
+    ("double_breve_below_ra", "a\u035ci", "ra", None, 0.02),
-    ("double_breve_below_ttb", "a\u035Cb", None, "ttb", 0.02),
+    ("double_breve_below_ttb", "a\u035cb", None, "ttb", 0.02),
-    ("double_breve_below_ttb_rt", "a\u035Cb", "rt", "ttb", 0.02),
+    ("double_breve_below_ttb_rt", "a\u035cb", "rt", "ttb", 0.02),
-    ("double_breve_below_ttb_mt", "a\u035Cb", "mt", "ttb", 0.02),
+    ("double_breve_below_ttb_mt", "a\u035cb", "mt", "ttb", 0.02),
-    ("double_breve_below_ttb_st", "a\u035Cb", "st", "ttb", 0.02),
+    ("double_breve_below_ttb_st", "a\u035cb", "st", "ttb", 0.02),
     # extends to the left (fail=0.064)
     ("overline", "i\u0305", None, None, 0.02),
     ("overline_la", "i\u0305", "la", None, 0.02),
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ def test_combine_multiline(anchor: str, align: str) -> None:
 
     path = f"Tests/images/test_combine_multiline_{anchor}_{align}.png"
     f = ImageFont.truetype("Tests/fonts/NotoSans-Regular.ttf", 48)
-    text = "i\u0305\u035C\ntext"  # i with overline and double breve, and a word
+    text = "i\u0305\u035c\ntext"  # i with overline and double breve, and a word
 
     im = Image.new("RGB", (400, 400), "white")
     d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)

Tests/test_imageops.py

@@ -165,14 +165,10 @@ def test_pad() -> None:
 def test_pad_round() -> None:
     im = Image.new("1", (1, 1), 1)
     new_im = ImageOps.pad(im, (4, 1))
-    px = new_im.load()
+    assert new_im.getpixel((2, 0)) == 1
-    assert px is not None
-    assert px[2, 0] == 1
 
     new_im = ImageOps.pad(im, (1, 4))
-    px = new_im.load()
+    assert new_im.getpixel((0, 2)) == 1
-    assert px is not None
-    assert px[0, 2] == 1
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("P", "PA"))

Tests/test_imagepalette.py

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ def test_2bit_palette(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
     rgb = b"\x00" * 2 + b"\x01" * 2 + b"\x02" * 2
     img = Image.frombytes("P", (6, 1), rgb)
-    img.putpalette(b"\xFF\x00\x00\x00\xFF\x00\x00\x00\xFF")  # RGB
+    img.putpalette(b"\xff\x00\x00\x00\xff\x00\x00\x00\xff")  # RGB
     img.save(outfile, format="PNG")
 
     assert_image_equal_tofile(img, outfile)

Tests/test_imagepath.py

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def test_path_constructors(
     ),
 )
 def test_invalid_path_constructors(
-    coords: tuple[str, str] | Sequence[Sequence[int]]
+    coords: tuple[str, str] | Sequence[Sequence[int]],
 ) -> None:
     # Act
     with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:

Tests/test_map.py

@@ -7,36 +7,30 @@ import pytest
 from PIL import Image
 
 
-def test_overflow() -> None:
+def test_overflow(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     # There is the potential to overflow comparisons in map.c
     # if there are > SIZE_MAX bytes in the image or if
     # the file encodes an offset that makes
     # (offset + size(bytes)) > SIZE_MAX
 
     # Note that this image triggers the decompression bomb warning:
-    max_pixels = Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS
+    monkeypatch.setattr(Image, "MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS", None)
-    Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = None
 
     # This image hits the offset test.
     with Image.open("Tests/images/l2rgb_read.bmp") as im:
         with pytest.raises((ValueError, MemoryError, OSError)):
             im.load()
 
-    Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = max_pixels
 
-
+def test_tobytes(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-def test_tobytes() -> None:
     # Note that this image triggers the decompression bomb warning:
-    max_pixels = Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS
+    monkeypatch.setattr(Image, "MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS", None)
-    Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = None
 
     # Previously raised an access violation on Windows
     with Image.open("Tests/images/l2rgb_read.bmp") as im:
         with pytest.raises((ValueError, MemoryError, OSError)):
             im.tobytes()
 
-    Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = max_pixels
-
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize <= 2**32, reason="Requires 64-bit system")
 def test_ysize() -> None:

Tests/test_numpy.py

@@ -141,9 +141,7 @@ def test_save_tiff_uint16() -> None:
     a.shape = TEST_IMAGE_SIZE
     img = Image.fromarray(a)
 
-    img_px = img.load()
+    assert img.getpixel((0, 0)) == pixel_value
-    assert img_px is not None
-    assert img_px[0, 0] == pixel_value
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(

Tests/test_pdfparser.py

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ from PIL.PdfParser import (
 
 
 def test_text_encode_decode() -> None:
-    assert encode_text("abc") == b"\xFE\xFF\x00a\x00b\x00c"
+    assert encode_text("abc") == b"\xfe\xff\x00a\x00b\x00c"
-    assert decode_text(b"\xFE\xFF\x00a\x00b\x00c") == "abc"
+    assert decode_text(b"\xfe\xff\x00a\x00b\x00c") == "abc"
     assert decode_text(b"abc") == "abc"
-    assert decode_text(b"\x1B a \x1C") == "\u02D9 a \u02DD"
+    assert decode_text(b"\x1b a \x1c") == "\u02d9 a \u02dd"
 
 
 def test_indirect_refs() -> None:
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ def test_parsing() -> None:
     assert PdfParser.get_value(b"false%", 0) == (False, 5)
     assert PdfParser.get_value(b"null<", 0) == (None, 4)
     assert PdfParser.get_value(b"%cmt\n %cmt\n 123\n", 0) == (123, 15)
-    assert PdfParser.get_value(b"<901FA3>", 0) == (b"\x90\x1F\xA3", 8)
+    assert PdfParser.get_value(b"<901FA3>", 0) == (b"\x90\x1f\xa3", 8)
-    assert PdfParser.get_value(b"asd < 9 0 1 f A > qwe", 3) == (b"\x90\x1F\xA0", 17)
+    assert PdfParser.get_value(b"asd < 9 0 1 f A > qwe", 3) == (b"\x90\x1f\xa0", 17)
     assert PdfParser.get_value(b"(asd)", 0) == (b"asd", 5)
     assert PdfParser.get_value(b"(asd(qwe)zxc)zzz(aaa)", 0) == (b"asd(qwe)zxc", 13)
     assert PdfParser.get_value(b"(Two \\\nwords.)", 0) == (b"Two words.", 14)
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ def test_parsing() -> None:
     assert PdfParser.get_value(b"(One\\(paren).", 0) == (b"One(paren", 12)
     assert PdfParser.get_value(b"(One\\)paren).", 0) == (b"One)paren", 12)
     assert PdfParser.get_value(b"(\\0053)", 0) == (b"\x053", 7)
-    assert PdfParser.get_value(b"(\\053)", 0) == (b"\x2B", 6)
+    assert PdfParser.get_value(b"(\\053)", 0) == (b"\x2b", 6)
-    assert PdfParser.get_value(b"(\\53)", 0) == (b"\x2B", 5)
+    assert PdfParser.get_value(b"(\\53)", 0) == (b"\x2b", 5)
-    assert PdfParser.get_value(b"(\\53a)", 0) == (b"\x2Ba", 6)
+    assert PdfParser.get_value(b"(\\53a)", 0) == (b"\x2ba", 6)
     assert PdfParser.get_value(b"(\\1111)", 0) == (b"\x491", 7)
     assert PdfParser.get_value(b" 123 (", 0) == (123, 4)
     assert round(abs(PdfParser.get_value(b" 123.4 %", 0)[0] - 123.4), 7) == 0
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ def test_pdf_repr() -> None:
     assert pdf_repr(None) == b"null"
     assert pdf_repr(b"a)/b\\(c") == rb"(a\)/b\\\(c)"
     assert pdf_repr([123, True, {"a": PdfName(b"b")}]) == b"[ 123 true <<\n/a /b\n>> ]"
-    assert pdf_repr(PdfBinary(b"\x90\x1F\xA0")) == b"<901FA0>"
+    assert pdf_repr(PdfBinary(b"\x90\x1f\xa0")) == b"<901FA0>"
 
 
 def test_duplicate_xref_entry() -> None:

depends/install_imagequant.sh

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # install libimagequant
 
 archive_name=libimagequant
-archive_version=4.3.3
+archive_version=4.3.4
 
 archive=$archive_name-$archive_version
 

docs/about.rst

@@ -6,12 +6,11 @@ Goals
 
 The fork author's goal is to foster and support active development of PIL through:
 
-- Continuous integration testing via `GitHub Actions`_ and `AppVeyor`_
+- Continuous integration testing via `GitHub Actions`_
 - Publicized development activity on `GitHub`_
 - Regular releases to the `Python Package Index`_
 
 .. _GitHub Actions: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions
-.. _AppVeyor: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/Python-pillow/pillow
 .. _GitHub: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow
 .. _Python Package Index: https://pypi.org/project/pillow/
 

docs/deprecations.rst

@@ -183,6 +183,16 @@ ExifTags.IFD.Makernote
 ``ExifTags.IFD.Makernote`` has been deprecated. Instead, use
 ``ExifTags.IFD.MakerNote``.
 
+Image.Image.get_child_images()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.2.0
+
+``Image.Image.get_child_images()`` has been deprecated. and will be removed in Pillow
+13 (2026-10-15). It will be moved to ``ImageFile.ImageFile.get_child_images()``. The
+method uses an image's file pointer, and so child images could only be retrieved from
+an :py:class:`PIL.ImageFile.ImageFile` instance.
+
 Removed features
 ----------------
 

docs/index.rst

@@ -33,10 +33,6 @@ Pillow for enterprise is available via the Tidelift Subscription. `Learn more <h
    :target: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-cygwin.yml
    :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Test Cygwin)
 
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/appveyor/build/python-pillow/Pillow/main.svg?label=Windows%20build
-   :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow
-   :alt: AppVeyor CI build status (Windows)
-
 .. image:: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Wheels/badge.svg
    :target: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml
    :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Wheels)

docs/installation/building-from-source.rst

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
 
 * **libimagequant** provides improved color quantization
 
-  * Pillow has been tested with libimagequant **2.6-4.3.3**
+  * Pillow has been tested with libimagequant **2.6-4.3.4**
   * Libimagequant is licensed GPLv3, which is more restrictive than
     the Pillow license, therefore we will not be distributing binaries
     with libimagequant support enabled.

docs/installation/platform-support.rst

@@ -44,18 +44,14 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Ubuntu Linux 22.04 LTS (Jammy)   | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11,           | x86-64              |
 |                                  | 3.12, 3.13, PyPy3          |                     |
-|                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
-|                                  | 3.10                       | arm64v8             |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Ubuntu Linux 24.04 LTS (Noble)   | 3.12                       | x86-64, ppc64le,    |
+| Ubuntu Linux 24.04 LTS (Noble)   | 3.12                       | x86-64, arm64v8,    |
-|                                  |                            | s390x               |
+|                                  |                            | ppc64le, s390x      |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Windows Server 2019              | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
+| Windows Server 2019              | 3.9                        | x86                 |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Windows Server 2022              | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11,           | x86-64              |
+| Windows Server 2022              | 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13,    | x86-64              |
-|                                  | 3.12, 3.13, PyPy3          |                     |
+|                                  | PyPy3                      |                     |
-|                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
-|                                  | 3.13                       | x86                 |
 |                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
 |                                  | 3.12 (MinGW)               | x86-64              |
 |                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+

docs/reference/ImageDraw.rst

@@ -387,8 +387,11 @@ Methods
                     the number of pixels between lines.
     :param align: If the text is passed on to
                   :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.multiline_text`,
-                  ``"left"``, ``"center"`` or ``"right"``. Determines the relative alignment of lines.
+                  ``"left"``, ``"center"``, ``"right"`` or ``"justify"``. Determines
-                  Use the ``anchor`` parameter to specify the alignment to ``xy``.
+                  the relative alignment of lines. Use the ``anchor`` parameter to
+                  specify the alignment to ``xy``.
+
+                  .. versionadded:: 11.2.0 ``"justify"``
     :param direction: Direction of the text. It can be ``"rtl"`` (right to
                       left), ``"ltr"`` (left to right) or ``"ttb"`` (top to bottom).
                       Requires libraqm.
@@ -455,8 +458,11 @@ Methods
                               of Pillow, but implemented only in version 8.0.0.
 
     :param spacing: The number of pixels between lines.
-    :param align: ``"left"``, ``"center"`` or ``"right"``. Determines the relative alignment of lines.
+    :param align: ``"left"``, ``"center"``, ``"right"`` or ``"justify"``. Determines
-                  Use the ``anchor`` parameter to specify the alignment to ``xy``.
+                  the relative alignment of lines. Use the ``anchor`` parameter to
+                  specify the alignment to ``xy``.
+
+                  .. versionadded:: 11.2.0 ``"justify"``
     :param direction: Direction of the text. It can be ``"rtl"`` (right to
                       left), ``"ltr"`` (left to right) or ``"ttb"`` (top to bottom).
                       Requires libraqm.
@@ -599,8 +605,11 @@ Methods
                     the number of pixels between lines.
     :param align: If the text is passed on to
                   :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.multiline_textbbox`,
-                  ``"left"``, ``"center"`` or ``"right"``. Determines the relative alignment of lines.
+                  ``"left"``, ``"center"``, ``"right"`` or ``"justify"``. Determines
-                  Use the ``anchor`` parameter to specify the alignment to ``xy``.
+                  the relative alignment of lines. Use the ``anchor`` parameter to
+                  specify the alignment to ``xy``.
+
+                  .. versionadded:: 11.2.0 ``"justify"``
     :param direction: Direction of the text. It can be ``"rtl"`` (right to
                       left), ``"ltr"`` (left to right) or ``"ttb"`` (top to bottom).
                       Requires libraqm.
@@ -650,8 +659,11 @@ Methods
                    vertical text. See :ref:`text-anchors` for details.
                    This parameter is ignored for non-TrueType fonts.
     :param spacing: The number of pixels between lines.
-    :param align: ``"left"``, ``"center"`` or ``"right"``. Determines the relative alignment of lines.
+    :param align: ``"left"``, ``"center"``, ``"right"`` or ``"justify"``. Determines
-                  Use the ``anchor`` parameter to specify the alignment to ``xy``.
+                  the relative alignment of lines. Use the ``anchor`` parameter to
+                  specify the alignment to ``xy``.
+
+                  .. versionadded:: 11.2.0 ``"justify"``
     :param direction: Direction of the text. It can be ``"rtl"`` (right to
                       left), ``"ltr"`` (left to right) or ``"ttb"`` (top to bottom).
                       Requires libraqm.

docs/reference/features.rst

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ Feature version numbers are available only where stated.
 Support for the following features can be checked:
 
 * ``libjpeg_turbo``: (compile time) Whether Pillow was compiled against the libjpeg-turbo version of libjpeg. Compile-time version number is available.
+* ``mozjpeg``: (compile time) Whether Pillow was compiled against the MozJPEG version of libjpeg. Compile-time version number is available.
 * ``zlib_ng``: (compile time) Whether Pillow was compiled against the zlib-ng version of zlib. Compile-time version number is available.
 * ``raqm``: Raqm library, required for ``ImageFont.Layout.RAQM`` in :py:func:`PIL.ImageFont.truetype`. Run-time version number is available for Raqm 0.7.0 or newer.
 * ``libimagequant``: (compile time) ImageQuant quantization support in :py:func:`PIL.Image.Image.quantize`. Run-time version number is available.

docs/releasenotes/11.2.0.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+11.2.0
+------
+
+Security
+========
+
+TODO
+^^^^
+
+TODO
+
+:cve:`YYYY-XXXXX`: TODO
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+TODO
+
+Backwards Incompatible Changes
+==============================
+
+TODO
+^^^^
+
+Deprecations
+============
+
+Image.Image.get_child_images()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.2.0
+
+``Image.Image.get_child_images()`` has been deprecated. and will be removed in Pillow
+13 (2026-10-15). It will be moved to ``ImageFile.ImageFile.get_child_images()``. The
+method uses an image's file pointer, and so child images could only be retrieved from
+an :py:class:`PIL.ImageFile.ImageFile` instance.
+
+API Changes
+===========
+
+TODO
+^^^^
+
+TODO
+
+API Additions
+=============
+
+``"justify"`` multiline text alignment
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+In addition to ``"left"``, ``"center"`` and ``"right"``, multiline text can also be
+aligned using ``"justify"`` in :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageDraw`::
+
+    from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
+    im = Image.new("RGB", (50, 25))
+    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+    draw.multiline_text((0, 0), "Multiline\ntext 1", align="justify")
+    draw.multiline_textbbox((0, 0), "Multiline\ntext 2", align="justify")
+
+Check for MozJPEG
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+You can check if Pillow has been built against the MozJPEG version of the
+libjpeg library, and what version of MozJPEG is being used::
+
+    from PIL import features
+    features.check_feature("mozjpeg")  # True or False
+    features.version_feature("mozjpeg")  # "4.1.1" for example, or None
+
+Other Changes
+=============
+
+TODO
+^^^^
+
+TODO

docs/releasenotes/index.rst

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ expected to be backported to earlier versions.
 .. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2
 
+  11.2.0
   11.1.0
   11.0.0
   10.4.0

src/PIL/BlpImagePlugin.py

@@ -374,14 +374,10 @@ class BLP1Decoder(_BLPBaseDecoder):
         image = JpegImageFile(BytesIO(data))
         Image._decompression_bomb_check(image.size)
         if image.mode == "CMYK":
-            decoder_name, extents, offset, args = image.tile[0]
+            args = image.tile[0].args
             assert isinstance(args, tuple)
-            image.tile = [
+            image.tile = [image.tile[0]._replace(args=(args[0], "CMYK"))]
-                ImageFile._Tile(decoder_name, extents, offset, (args[0], "CMYK"))
+        self.set_as_raw(image.convert("RGB").tobytes(), "BGR")
-            ]
-        r, g, b = image.convert("RGB").split()
-        reversed_image = Image.merge("RGB", (b, g, r))
-        self.set_as_raw(reversed_image.tobytes())
 
 
 class BLP2Decoder(_BLPBaseDecoder):

src/PIL/BufrStubImagePlugin.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import os
 from typing import IO
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile
@@ -40,13 +41,11 @@ class BufrStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
     format_description = "BUFR"
 
     def _open(self) -> None:
-        offset = self.fp.tell()
-
         if not _accept(self.fp.read(4)):
             msg = "Not a BUFR file"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)
 
-        self.fp.seek(offset)
+        self.fp.seek(-4, os.SEEK_CUR)
 
         # make something up
         self._mode = "F"

src/PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import os
 from typing import IO
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile
@@ -40,13 +41,11 @@ class GribStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
     format_description = "GRIB"
 
     def _open(self) -> None:
-        offset = self.fp.tell()
-
         if not _accept(self.fp.read(8)):
             msg = "Not a GRIB file"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)
 
-        self.fp.seek(offset)
+        self.fp.seek(-8, os.SEEK_CUR)
 
         # make something up
         self._mode = "F"

src/PIL/Hdf5StubImagePlugin.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import os
 from typing import IO
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile
@@ -40,13 +41,11 @@ class HDF5StubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
     format_description = "HDF5"
 
     def _open(self) -> None:
-        offset = self.fp.tell()
-
         if not _accept(self.fp.read(8)):
             msg = "Not an HDF file"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)
 
-        self.fp.seek(offset)
+        self.fp.seek(-8, os.SEEK_CUR)
 
         # make something up
         self._mode = "F"

src/PIL/ImImagePlugin.py

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class ImImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             if s == b"\r":
                 continue
 
-            if not s or s == b"\0" or s == b"\x1A":
+            if not s or s == b"\0" or s == b"\x1a":
                 break
 
             # FIXME: this may read whole file if not a text file
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class ImImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         self._mode = self.info[MODE]
 
         # Skip forward to start of image data
-        while s and s[:1] != b"\x1A":
+        while s and s[:1] != b"\x1a":
             s = self.fp.read(1)
         if not s:
             msg = "File truncated"

src/PIL/Image.py

@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ class ImagePointTransform:
 
 
 def _getscaleoffset(
-    expr: Callable[[ImagePointTransform], ImagePointTransform | float]
+    expr: Callable[[ImagePointTransform], ImagePointTransform | float],
 ) -> tuple[float, float]:
     a = expr(ImagePointTransform(1, 0))
     return (a.scale, a.offset) if isinstance(a, ImagePointTransform) else (0, a)
@@ -603,24 +603,16 @@ class Image:
     def __enter__(self):
         return self
 
-    def _close_fp(self):
-        if getattr(self, "_fp", False):
-            if self._fp != self.fp:
-                self._fp.close()
-            self._fp = DeferredError(ValueError("Operation on closed image"))
-        if self.fp:
-            self.fp.close()
-
     def __exit__(self, *args):
-        if hasattr(self, "fp"):
+        from . import ImageFile
+
+        if isinstance(self, ImageFile.ImageFile):
             if getattr(self, "_exclusive_fp", False):
                 self._close_fp()
             self.fp = None
 
     def close(self) -> None:
         """
-        Closes the file pointer, if possible.
-
         This operation will destroy the image core and release its memory.
         The image data will be unusable afterward.
 
@@ -629,13 +621,6 @@ class Image:
         :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.load` method. See :ref:`file-handling` for
         more information.
         """
-        if hasattr(self, "fp"):
-            try:
-                self._close_fp()
-                self.fp = None
-            except Exception as msg:
-                logger.debug("Error closing: %s", msg)
-
         if getattr(self, "map", None):
             self.map: mmap.mmap | None = None
 
@@ -1554,50 +1539,10 @@ class Image:
         self.getexif()
 
     def get_child_images(self) -> list[ImageFile.ImageFile]:
-        child_images = []
+        from . import ImageFile
-        exif = self.getexif()
-        ifds = []
-        if ExifTags.Base.SubIFDs in exif:
-            subifd_offsets = exif[ExifTags.Base.SubIFDs]
-            if subifd_offsets:
-                if not isinstance(subifd_offsets, tuple):
-                    subifd_offsets = (subifd_offsets,)
-                for subifd_offset in subifd_offsets:
-                    ifds.append((exif._get_ifd_dict(subifd_offset), subifd_offset))
-        ifd1 = exif.get_ifd(ExifTags.IFD.IFD1)
-        if ifd1 and ifd1.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFOffset):
-            assert exif._info is not None
-            ifds.append((ifd1, exif._info.next))
 
-        offset = None
+        deprecate("Image.Image.get_child_images", 13)
-        for ifd, ifd_offset in ifds:
+        return ImageFile.ImageFile.get_child_images(self)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-            current_offset = self.fp.tell()
-            if offset is None:
-                offset = current_offset
-
-            fp = self.fp
-            if ifd is not None:
-                thumbnail_offset = ifd.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFOffset)
-                if thumbnail_offset is not None:
-                    thumbnail_offset += getattr(self, "_exif_offset", 0)
-                    self.fp.seek(thumbnail_offset)
-                    data = self.fp.read(ifd.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFByteCount))
-                    fp = io.BytesIO(data)
-
-            with open(fp) as im:
-                from . import TiffImagePlugin
-
-                if thumbnail_offset is None and isinstance(
-                    im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile
-                ):
-                    im._frame_pos = [ifd_offset]
-                    im._seek(0)
-                im.load()
-                child_images.append(im)
-
-        if offset is not None:
-            self.fp.seek(offset)
-        return child_images
 
     def getim(self) -> CapsuleType:
         """
@@ -3939,7 +3884,7 @@ class Exif(_ExifBase):
             return self._fixup_dict(dict(info))
 
     def _get_head(self) -> bytes:
-        version = b"\x2B" if self.bigtiff else b"\x2A"
+        version = b"\x2b" if self.bigtiff else b"\x2a"
         if self.endian == "<":
             head = b"II" + version + b"\x00" + o32le(8)
         else:

src/PIL/ImageDraw.py

@@ -557,21 +557,6 @@ class ImageDraw:
 
         return split_character in text
 
-    def _multiline_split(self, text: AnyStr) -> list[AnyStr]:
-        return text.split("\n" if isinstance(text, str) else b"\n")
-
-    def _multiline_spacing(
-        self,
-        font: ImageFont.ImageFont | ImageFont.FreeTypeFont | ImageFont.TransposedFont,
-        spacing: float,
-        stroke_width: float,
-    ) -> float:
-        return (
-            self.textbbox((0, 0), "A", font, stroke_width=stroke_width)[3]
-            + stroke_width
-            + spacing
-        )
-
     def text(
         self,
         xy: tuple[float, float],
@@ -643,6 +628,7 @@ class ImageDraw:
                     features=features,
                     language=language,
                     stroke_width=stroke_width,
+                    stroke_filled=True,
                     anchor=anchor,
                     ink=ink,
                     start=start,
@@ -692,11 +678,125 @@ class ImageDraw:
                 draw_text(stroke_ink, stroke_width)
 
                 # Draw normal text
-                draw_text(ink, 0)
+                if ink != stroke_ink:
+                    draw_text(ink)
             else:
                 # Only draw normal text
                 draw_text(ink)
 
+    def _prepare_multiline_text(
+        self,
+        xy: tuple[float, float],
+        text: AnyStr,
+        font: (
+            ImageFont.ImageFont
+            | ImageFont.FreeTypeFont
+            | ImageFont.TransposedFont
+            | None
+        ),
+        anchor: str | None,
+        spacing: float,
+        align: str,
+        direction: str | None,
+        features: list[str] | None,
+        language: str | None,
+        stroke_width: float,
+        embedded_color: bool,
+        font_size: float | None,
+    ) -> tuple[
+        ImageFont.ImageFont | ImageFont.FreeTypeFont | ImageFont.TransposedFont,
+        str,
+        list[tuple[tuple[float, float], AnyStr]],
+    ]:
+        if direction == "ttb":
+            msg = "ttb direction is unsupported for multiline text"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        if anchor is None:
+            anchor = "la"
+        elif len(anchor) != 2:
+            msg = "anchor must be a 2 character string"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        elif anchor[1] in "tb":
+            msg = "anchor not supported for multiline text"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        if font is None:
+            font = self._getfont(font_size)
+
+        widths = []
+        max_width: float = 0
+        lines = text.split("\n" if isinstance(text, str) else b"\n")
+        line_spacing = (
+            self.textbbox((0, 0), "A", font, stroke_width=stroke_width)[3]
+            + stroke_width
+            + spacing
+        )
+
+        for line in lines:
+            line_width = self.textlength(
+                line,
+                font,
+                direction=direction,
+                features=features,
+                language=language,
+                embedded_color=embedded_color,
+            )
+            widths.append(line_width)
+            max_width = max(max_width, line_width)
+
+        top = xy[1]
+        if anchor[1] == "m":
+            top -= (len(lines) - 1) * line_spacing / 2.0
+        elif anchor[1] == "d":
+            top -= (len(lines) - 1) * line_spacing
+
+        parts = []
+        for idx, line in enumerate(lines):
+            left = xy[0]
+            width_difference = max_width - widths[idx]
+
+            # first align left by anchor
+            if anchor[0] == "m":
+                left -= width_difference / 2.0
+            elif anchor[0] == "r":
+                left -= width_difference
+
+            # then align by align parameter
+            if align in ("left", "justify"):
+                pass
+            elif align == "center":
+                left += width_difference / 2.0
+            elif align == "right":
+                left += width_difference
+            else:
+                msg = 'align must be "left", "center", "right" or "justify"'
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+
+            if align == "justify" and width_difference != 0:
+                words = line.split(" " if isinstance(text, str) else b" ")
+                word_widths = [
+                    self.textlength(
+                        word,
+                        font,
+                        direction=direction,
+                        features=features,
+                        language=language,
+                        embedded_color=embedded_color,
+                    )
+                    for word in words
+                ]
+                width_difference = max_width - sum(word_widths)
+                for i, word in enumerate(words):
+                    parts.append(((left, top), word))
+                    left += word_widths[i] + width_difference / (len(words) - 1)
+            else:
+                parts.append(((left, top), line))
+
+            top += line_spacing
+
+        return font, anchor, parts
+
     def multiline_text(
         self,
         xy: tuple[float, float],
@@ -720,62 +820,24 @@ class ImageDraw:
         *,
         font_size: float | None = None,
     ) -> None:
-        if direction == "ttb":
+        font, anchor, lines = self._prepare_multiline_text(
-            msg = "ttb direction is unsupported for multiline text"
+            xy,
-            raise ValueError(msg)
+            text,
-
+            font,
-        if anchor is None:
+            anchor,
-            anchor = "la"
+            spacing,
-        elif len(anchor) != 2:
+            align,
-            msg = "anchor must be a 2 character string"
+            direction,
-            raise ValueError(msg)
+            features,
-        elif anchor[1] in "tb":
+            language,
-            msg = "anchor not supported for multiline text"
+            stroke_width,
-            raise ValueError(msg)
+            embedded_color,
-
+            font_size,
-        if font is None:
+        )
-            font = self._getfont(font_size)
-
-        widths = []
-        max_width: float = 0
-        lines = self._multiline_split(text)
-        line_spacing = self._multiline_spacing(font, spacing, stroke_width)
-        for line in lines:
-            line_width = self.textlength(
-                line, font, direction=direction, features=features, language=language
-            )
-            widths.append(line_width)
-            max_width = max(max_width, line_width)
-
-        top = xy[1]
-        if anchor[1] == "m":
-            top -= (len(lines) - 1) * line_spacing / 2.0
-        elif anchor[1] == "d":
-            top -= (len(lines) - 1) * line_spacing
-
-        for idx, line in enumerate(lines):
-            left = xy[0]
-            width_difference = max_width - widths[idx]
-
-            # first align left by anchor
-            if anchor[0] == "m":
-                left -= width_difference / 2.0
-            elif anchor[0] == "r":
-                left -= width_difference
-
-            # then align by align parameter
-            if align == "left":
-                pass
-            elif align == "center":
-                left += width_difference / 2.0
-            elif align == "right":
-                left += width_difference
-            else:
-                msg = 'align must be "left", "center" or "right"'
-                raise ValueError(msg)
 
+        for xy, line in lines:
             self.text(
-                (left, top),
+                xy,
                 line,
                 fill,
                 font,
@@ -787,7 +849,6 @@ class ImageDraw:
                 stroke_fill=stroke_fill,
                 embedded_color=embedded_color,
             )
-            top += line_spacing
 
     def textlength(
         self,
@@ -889,69 +950,26 @@ class ImageDraw:
         *,
         font_size: float | None = None,
     ) -> tuple[float, float, float, float]:
-        if direction == "ttb":
+        font, anchor, lines = self._prepare_multiline_text(
-            msg = "ttb direction is unsupported for multiline text"
+            xy,
-            raise ValueError(msg)
+            text,
-
+            font,
-        if anchor is None:
+            anchor,
-            anchor = "la"
+            spacing,
-        elif len(anchor) != 2:
+            align,
-            msg = "anchor must be a 2 character string"
+            direction,
-            raise ValueError(msg)
+            features,
-        elif anchor[1] in "tb":
+            language,
-            msg = "anchor not supported for multiline text"
+            stroke_width,
-            raise ValueError(msg)
+            embedded_color,
-
+            font_size,
-        if font is None:
+        )
-            font = self._getfont(font_size)
-
-        widths = []
-        max_width: float = 0
-        lines = self._multiline_split(text)
-        line_spacing = self._multiline_spacing(font, spacing, stroke_width)
-        for line in lines:
-            line_width = self.textlength(
-                line,
-                font,
-                direction=direction,
-                features=features,
-                language=language,
-                embedded_color=embedded_color,
-            )
-            widths.append(line_width)
-            max_width = max(max_width, line_width)
-
-        top = xy[1]
-        if anchor[1] == "m":
-            top -= (len(lines) - 1) * line_spacing / 2.0
-        elif anchor[1] == "d":
-            top -= (len(lines) - 1) * line_spacing
 
         bbox: tuple[float, float, float, float] | None = None
 
-        for idx, line in enumerate(lines):
+        for xy, line in lines:
-            left = xy[0]
-            width_difference = max_width - widths[idx]
-
-            # first align left by anchor
-            if anchor[0] == "m":
-                left -= width_difference / 2.0
-            elif anchor[0] == "r":
-                left -= width_difference
-
-            # then align by align parameter
-            if align == "left":
-                pass
-            elif align == "center":
-                left += width_difference / 2.0
-            elif align == "right":
-                left += width_difference
-            else:
-                msg = 'align must be "left", "center" or "right"'
-                raise ValueError(msg)
-
             bbox_line = self.textbbox(
-                (left, top),
+                xy,
                 line,
                 font,
                 anchor,
@@ -971,8 +989,6 @@ class ImageDraw:
                     max(bbox[3], bbox_line[3]),
                 )
 
-            top += line_spacing
-
         if bbox is None:
             return xy[0], xy[1], xy[0], xy[1]
         return bbox

src/PIL/ImageFile.py

@@ -31,18 +31,21 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import abc
 import io
 import itertools
+import logging
 import os
 import struct
 import sys
 from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, NamedTuple, cast
 
-from . import Image
+from . import ExifTags, Image
 from ._deprecate import deprecate
-from ._util import is_path
+from ._util import DeferredError, is_path
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from ._typing import StrOrBytesPath
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 MAXBLOCK = 65536
 
 SAFEBLOCK = 1024 * 1024
@@ -163,6 +166,85 @@ class ImageFile(Image.Image):
     def _open(self) -> None:
         pass
 
+    def _close_fp(self):
+        if getattr(self, "_fp", False):
+            if self._fp != self.fp:
+                self._fp.close()
+            self._fp = DeferredError(ValueError("Operation on closed image"))
+        if self.fp:
+            self.fp.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Closes the file pointer, if possible.
+
+        This operation will destroy the image core and release its memory.
+        The image data will be unusable afterward.
+
+        This function is required to close images that have multiple frames or
+        have not had their file read and closed by the
+        :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.load` method. See :ref:`file-handling` for
+        more information.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._close_fp()
+            self.fp = None
+        except Exception as msg:
+            logger.debug("Error closing: %s", msg)
+
+        super().close()
+
+    def get_child_images(self) -> list[ImageFile]:
+        child_images = []
+        exif = self.getexif()
+        ifds = []
+        if ExifTags.Base.SubIFDs in exif:
+            subifd_offsets = exif[ExifTags.Base.SubIFDs]
+            if subifd_offsets:
+                if not isinstance(subifd_offsets, tuple):
+                    subifd_offsets = (subifd_offsets,)
+                for subifd_offset in subifd_offsets:
+                    ifds.append((exif._get_ifd_dict(subifd_offset), subifd_offset))
+        ifd1 = exif.get_ifd(ExifTags.IFD.IFD1)
+        if ifd1 and ifd1.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFOffset):
+            assert exif._info is not None
+            ifds.append((ifd1, exif._info.next))
+
+        offset = None
+        for ifd, ifd_offset in ifds:
+            assert self.fp is not None
+            current_offset = self.fp.tell()
+            if offset is None:
+                offset = current_offset
+
+            fp = self.fp
+            if ifd is not None:
+                thumbnail_offset = ifd.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFOffset)
+                if thumbnail_offset is not None:
+                    thumbnail_offset += getattr(self, "_exif_offset", 0)
+                    self.fp.seek(thumbnail_offset)
+
+                    length = ifd.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFByteCount)
+                    assert isinstance(length, int)
+                    data = self.fp.read(length)
+                    fp = io.BytesIO(data)
+
+            with Image.open(fp) as im:
+                from . import TiffImagePlugin
+
+                if thumbnail_offset is None and isinstance(
+                    im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile
+                ):
+                    im._frame_pos = [ifd_offset]
+                    im._seek(0)
+                im.load()
+                child_images.append(im)
+
+        if offset is not None:
+            assert self.fp is not None
+            self.fp.seek(offset)
+        return child_images
+
     def get_format_mimetype(self) -> str | None:
         if self.custom_mimetype:
             return self.custom_mimetype

src/PIL/ImageFilter.py

@@ -598,8 +598,6 @@ class Color3DLUT(MultibandFilter):
             self.mode or image.mode,
             Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
             self.channels,
-            self.size[0],
+            self.size,
-            self.size[1],
-            self.size[2],
             self.table,
         )

src/PIL/ImageFont.py

@@ -644,10 +644,10 @@ class FreeTypeFont:
             features,
             language,
             stroke_width,
+            kwargs.get("stroke_filled", False),
             anchor,
             ink,
-            start[0],
+            start,
-            start[1],
         )
 
     def font_variant(

src/PIL/ImageTransform.py

@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ class AffineTransform(Transform):
     Define an affine image transform.
 
     This function takes a 6-tuple (a, b, c, d, e, f) which contain the first
-    two rows from an affine transform matrix. For each pixel (x, y) in the
+    two rows from the inverse of an affine transform matrix. For each pixel
-    output image, the new value is taken from a position (a x + b y + c,
+    (x, y) in the output image, the new value is taken from a position (a x +
-    d x + e y + f) in the input image, rounded to nearest pixel.
+    b y + c, d x + e y + f) in the input image, rounded to nearest pixel.
 
     This function can be used to scale, translate, rotate, and shear the
     original image.
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class AffineTransform(Transform):
     See :py:meth:`.Image.transform`
 
     :param matrix: A 6-tuple (a, b, c, d, e, f) containing the first two rows
-        from an affine transform matrix.
+        from the inverse of an affine transform matrix.
     """
 
     method = Image.Transform.AFFINE

src/PIL/ImtImagePlugin.py

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class ImtImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             if not s:
                 break
 
-            if s == b"\x0C":
+            if s == b"\x0c":
                 # image data begins
                 self.tile = [
                     ImageFile._Tile(

src/PIL/JpegImagePlugin.py

@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ MARKER = {
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
     # Magic number was taken from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG
-    return prefix[:3] == b"\xFF\xD8\xFF"
+    return prefix[:3] == b"\xff\xd8\xff"
 
 
 ##
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ class JpegImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         if not _accept(s):
             msg = "not a JPEG file"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)
-        s = b"\xFF"
+        s = b"\xff"
 
         # Create attributes
         self.bits = self.layers = 0
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ class JpegImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             # Premature EOF.
             # Pretend file is finished adding EOI marker
             self._ended = True
-            return b"\xFF\xD9"
+            return b"\xff\xd9"
 
         return s
 
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
     def validate_qtables(
         qtables: (
             str | tuple[list[int], ...] | list[list[int]] | dict[int, list[int]] | None
-        )
+        ),
     ) -> list[list[int]] | None:
         if qtables is None:
             return qtables
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
             msg = "XMP data is too long"
             raise ValueError(msg)
         size = o16(2 + overhead_len + len(xmp))
-        extra += b"\xFF\xE1" + size + b"http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\x00" + xmp
+        extra += b"\xff\xe1" + size + b"http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\x00" + xmp
 
     icc_profile = info.get("icc_profile")
     if icc_profile:
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
         for marker in markers:
             size = o16(2 + overhead_len + len(marker))
             extra += (
-                b"\xFF\xE2"
+                b"\xff\xe2"
                 + size
                 + b"ICC_PROFILE\0"
                 + o8(i)
@@ -816,8 +816,7 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
         optimize,
         info.get("keep_rgb", False),
         info.get("streamtype", 0),
-        dpi[0],
+        dpi,
-        dpi[1],
         subsampling,
         info.get("restart_marker_blocks", 0),
         info.get("restart_marker_rows", 0),

src/PIL/MpoImagePlugin.py

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def _save_all(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
             if not offsets:
                 # APP2 marker
                 im_frame.encoderinfo["extra"] = (
-                    b"\xFF\xE2" + struct.pack(">H", 6 + 82) + b"MPF\0" + b" " * 82
+                    b"\xff\xe2" + struct.pack(">H", 6 + 82) + b"MPF\0" + b" " * 82
                 )
                 exif = im_frame.encoderinfo.get("exif")
                 if isinstance(exif, Image.Exif):
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def _save_all(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
     ifd[0xB002] = mpentries
 
     fp.seek(mpf_offset)
-    fp.write(b"II\x2A\x00" + o32le(8) + ifd.tobytes(8))
+    fp.write(b"II\x2a\x00" + o32le(8) + ifd.tobytes(8))
     fp.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
 
 

src/PIL/PcxImagePlugin.py

@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
         + o16(dpi[0])
         + o16(dpi[1])
         + b"\0" * 24
-        + b"\xFF" * 24
+        + b"\xff" * 24
         + b"\0"
         + o8(planes)
         + o16(stride)

src/PIL/PdfParser.py

@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ def encode_text(s: str) -> bytes:
 
 PDFDocEncoding = {
     0x16: "\u0017",
-    0x18: "\u02D8",
+    0x18: "\u02d8",
-    0x19: "\u02C7",
+    0x19: "\u02c7",
-    0x1A: "\u02C6",
+    0x1A: "\u02c6",
-    0x1B: "\u02D9",
+    0x1B: "\u02d9",
-    0x1C: "\u02DD",
+    0x1C: "\u02dd",
-    0x1D: "\u02DB",
+    0x1D: "\u02db",
-    0x1E: "\u02DA",
+    0x1E: "\u02da",
-    0x1F: "\u02DC",
+    0x1F: "\u02dc",
     0x80: "\u2022",
     0x81: "\u2020",
     0x82: "\u2021",
@@ -36,29 +36,29 @@ PDFDocEncoding = {
     0x86: "\u0192",
     0x87: "\u2044",
     0x88: "\u2039",
-    0x89: "\u203A",
+    0x89: "\u203a",
     0x8A: "\u2212",
     0x8B: "\u2030",
-    0x8C: "\u201E",
+    0x8C: "\u201e",
-    0x8D: "\u201C",
+    0x8D: "\u201c",
-    0x8E: "\u201D",
+    0x8E: "\u201d",
     0x8F: "\u2018",
     0x90: "\u2019",
-    0x91: "\u201A",
+    0x91: "\u201a",
     0x92: "\u2122",
-    0x93: "\uFB01",
+    0x93: "\ufb01",
-    0x94: "\uFB02",
+    0x94: "\ufb02",
     0x95: "\u0141",
     0x96: "\u0152",
     0x97: "\u0160",
     0x98: "\u0178",
-    0x99: "\u017D",
+    0x99: "\u017d",
     0x9A: "\u0131",
     0x9B: "\u0142",
     0x9C: "\u0153",
     0x9D: "\u0161",
-    0x9E: "\u017E",
+    0x9E: "\u017e",
-    0xA0: "\u20AC",
+    0xA0: "\u20ac",
 }
 
 

src/PIL/PngImagePlugin.py

@@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ def _save(
         b"\0",  # 12: interlace flag
     )
 
-    chunks = [b"cHRM", b"gAMA", b"sBIT", b"sRGB", b"tIME"]
+    chunks = [b"cHRM", b"cICP", b"gAMA", b"sBIT", b"sRGB", b"tIME"]
 
     icc = im.encoderinfo.get("icc_profile", im.info.get("icc_profile"))
     if icc:
@@ -1433,7 +1433,7 @@ def _save(
                 chunk(fp, b"tRNS", transparency[:alpha_bytes])
             else:
                 transparency = max(0, min(255, transparency))
-                alpha = b"\xFF" * transparency + b"\0"
+                alpha = b"\xff" * transparency + b"\0"
                 chunk(fp, b"tRNS", alpha[:alpha_bytes])
         elif im.mode in ("1", "L", "I", "I;16"):
             transparency = max(0, min(65535, transparency))

src/PIL/PpmImagePlugin.py

@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class PpmPlainDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
                     msg = b"Invalid token for this mode: %s" % bytes([token])
                     raise ValueError(msg)
             data = (data + tokens)[:total_bytes]
-        invert = bytes.maketrans(b"01", b"\xFF\x00")
+        invert = bytes.maketrans(b"01", b"\xff\x00")
         return data.translate(invert)
 
     def _decode_blocks(self, maxval: int) -> bytearray:

src/PIL/SpiderImagePlugin.py

@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ def makeSpiderHeader(im: Image.Image) -> list[bytes]:
 
 
 def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
-    if im.mode[0] != "F":
+    if im.mode != "F":
         im = im.convert("F")
 
     hdr = makeSpiderHeader(im)

src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py

@@ -275,12 +275,12 @@ OPEN_INFO = {
 MAX_SAMPLESPERPIXEL = max(len(key_tp[4]) for key_tp in OPEN_INFO)
 
 PREFIXES = [
-    b"MM\x00\x2A",  # Valid TIFF header with big-endian byte order
+    b"MM\x00\x2a",  # Valid TIFF header with big-endian byte order
-    b"II\x2A\x00",  # Valid TIFF header with little-endian byte order
+    b"II\x2a\x00",  # Valid TIFF header with little-endian byte order
-    b"MM\x2A\x00",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume big-endian
+    b"MM\x2a\x00",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume big-endian
-    b"II\x00\x2A",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume little-endian
+    b"II\x00\x2a",  # Invalid TIFF header, assume little-endian
-    b"MM\x00\x2B",  # BigTIFF with big-endian byte order
+    b"MM\x00\x2b",  # BigTIFF with big-endian byte order
-    b"II\x2B\x00",  # BigTIFF with little-endian byte order
+    b"II\x2b\x00",  # BigTIFF with little-endian byte order
 ]
 
 if not getattr(Image.core, "libtiff_support_custom_tags", True):
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ class ImageFileDirectory_v2(_IFDv2Base):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        ifh: bytes = b"II\x2A\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00",
+        ifh: bytes = b"II\x2a\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00",
         prefix: bytes | None = None,
         group: int | None = None,
     ) -> None:
@@ -949,7 +949,7 @@ class ImageFileDirectory_v2(_IFDv2Base):
             warnings.warn(str(msg))
             return
 
-    def _get_ifh(self):
+    def _get_ifh(self) -> bytes:
         ifh = self._prefix + self._pack("H", 43 if self._bigtiff else 42)
         if self._bigtiff:
             ifh += self._pack("HH", 8, 0)
@@ -962,13 +962,16 @@ class ImageFileDirectory_v2(_IFDv2Base):
         result = self._pack("Q" if self._bigtiff else "H", len(self._tags_v2))
 
         entries: list[tuple[int, int, int, bytes, bytes]] = []
-        offset += len(result) + len(self._tags_v2) * (20 if self._bigtiff else 12) + 4
+
+        fmt = "Q" if self._bigtiff else "L"
+        fmt_size = 8 if self._bigtiff else 4
+        offset += (
+            len(result) + len(self._tags_v2) * (20 if self._bigtiff else 12) + fmt_size
+        )
         stripoffsets = None
 
         # pass 1: convert tags to binary format
         # always write tags in ascending order
-        fmt = "Q" if self._bigtiff else "L"
-        fmt_size = 8 if self._bigtiff else 4
         for tag, value in sorted(self._tags_v2.items()):
             if tag == STRIPOFFSETS:
                 stripoffsets = len(entries)
@@ -1024,7 +1027,7 @@ class ImageFileDirectory_v2(_IFDv2Base):
             )
 
         # -- overwrite here for multi-page --
-        result += b"\0\0\0\0"  # end of entries
+        result += self._pack(fmt, 0)  # end of entries
 
         # pass 3: write auxiliary data to file
         for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:
@@ -1406,7 +1409,8 @@ class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             self.fp = None  # might be shared
 
         if err < 0:
-            raise OSError(err)
+            msg = f"decoder error {err}"
+            raise OSError(msg)
 
         return Image.Image.load(self)
 
@@ -2043,20 +2047,21 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
         self.offsetOfNewPage = 0
 
         self.IIMM = iimm = self.f.read(4)
+        self._bigtiff = b"\x2b" in iimm
         if not iimm:
             # empty file - first page
             self.isFirst = True
             return
 
         self.isFirst = False
-        if iimm == b"II\x2a\x00":
+        if iimm not in PREFIXES:
-            self.setEndian("<")
-        elif iimm == b"MM\x00\x2a":
-            self.setEndian(">")
-        else:
             msg = "Invalid TIFF file header"
             raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
+        self.setEndian("<" if iimm.startswith(II) else ">")
+
+        if self._bigtiff:
+            self.f.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)
         self.skipIFDs()
         self.goToEnd()
 
@@ -2076,11 +2081,13 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
             msg = "IIMM of new page doesn't match IIMM of first page"
             raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
-        ifd_offset = self.readLong()
+        if self._bigtiff:
+            self.f.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)
+        ifd_offset = self._read(8 if self._bigtiff else 4)
         ifd_offset += self.offsetOfNewPage
         assert self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset is not None
         self.f.seek(self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset)
-        self.writeLong(ifd_offset)
+        self._write(ifd_offset, 8 if self._bigtiff else 4)
         self.f.seek(ifd_offset)
         self.fixIFD()
 
@@ -2126,18 +2133,20 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
         self.endian = endian
         self.longFmt = f"{self.endian}L"
         self.shortFmt = f"{self.endian}H"
-        self.tagFormat = f"{self.endian}HHL"
+        self.tagFormat = f"{self.endian}HH" + ("Q" if self._bigtiff else "L")
 
     def skipIFDs(self) -> None:
         while True:
-            ifd_offset = self.readLong()
+            ifd_offset = self._read(8 if self._bigtiff else 4)
             if ifd_offset == 0:
-                self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = self.f.tell() - 4
+                self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = self.f.tell() - (
+                    8 if self._bigtiff else 4
+                )
                 break
 
             self.f.seek(ifd_offset)
-            num_tags = self.readShort()
+            num_tags = self._read(8 if self._bigtiff else 2)
-            self.f.seek(num_tags * 12, os.SEEK_CUR)
+            self.f.seek(num_tags * (20 if self._bigtiff else 12), os.SEEK_CUR)
 
     def write(self, data: Buffer, /) -> int:
         return self.f.write(data)
@@ -2167,17 +2176,19 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
             msg = f"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted {expected}"
             raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
-    def rewriteLastShortToLong(self, value: int) -> None:
+    def _rewriteLast(
-        self.f.seek(-2, os.SEEK_CUR)
+        self, value: int, field_size: int, new_field_size: int = 0
-        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))
+    ) -> None:
-        self._verify_bytes_written(bytes_written, 4)
-
-    def _rewriteLast(self, value: int, field_size: int) -> None:
         self.f.seek(-field_size, os.SEEK_CUR)
+        if not new_field_size:
+            new_field_size = field_size
         bytes_written = self.f.write(
-            struct.pack(self.endian + self._fmt(field_size), value)
+            struct.pack(self.endian + self._fmt(new_field_size), value)
         )
-        self._verify_bytes_written(bytes_written, field_size)
+        self._verify_bytes_written(bytes_written, new_field_size)
+
+    def rewriteLastShortToLong(self, value: int) -> None:
+        self._rewriteLast(value, 2, 4)
 
     def rewriteLastShort(self, value: int) -> None:
         return self._rewriteLast(value, 2)
@@ -2185,13 +2196,17 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
     def rewriteLastLong(self, value: int) -> None:
         return self._rewriteLast(value, 4)
 
+    def _write(self, value: int, field_size: int) -> None:
+        bytes_written = self.f.write(
+            struct.pack(self.endian + self._fmt(field_size), value)
+        )
+        self._verify_bytes_written(bytes_written, field_size)
+
     def writeShort(self, value: int) -> None:
-        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.shortFmt, value))
+        self._write(value, 2)
-        self._verify_bytes_written(bytes_written, 2)
 
     def writeLong(self, value: int) -> None:
-        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))
+        self._write(value, 4)
-        self._verify_bytes_written(bytes_written, 4)
 
     def close(self) -> None:
         self.finalize()
@@ -2199,24 +2214,37 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
             self.f.close()
 
     def fixIFD(self) -> None:
-        num_tags = self.readShort()
+        num_tags = self._read(8 if self._bigtiff else 2)
 
         for i in range(num_tags):
-            tag, field_type, count = struct.unpack(self.tagFormat, self.f.read(8))
+            tag, field_type, count = struct.unpack(
+                self.tagFormat, self.f.read(12 if self._bigtiff else 8)
+            )
 
             field_size = self.fieldSizes[field_type]
             total_size = field_size * count
-            is_local = total_size <= 4
+            fmt_size = 8 if self._bigtiff else 4
+            is_local = total_size <= fmt_size
             if not is_local:
-                offset = self.readLong() + self.offsetOfNewPage
+                offset = self._read(fmt_size) + self.offsetOfNewPage
-                self.rewriteLastLong(offset)
+                self._rewriteLast(offset, fmt_size)
 
             if tag in self.Tags:
                 cur_pos = self.f.tell()
 
+                logger.debug(
+                    "fixIFD: %s (%d) - type: %s (%d) - type size: %d - count: %d",
+                    TiffTags.lookup(tag).name,
+                    tag,
+                    TYPES.get(field_type, "unknown"),
+                    field_type,
+                    field_size,
+                    count,
+                )
+
                 if is_local:
                     self._fixOffsets(count, field_size)
-                    self.f.seek(cur_pos + 4)
+                    self.f.seek(cur_pos + fmt_size)
                 else:
                     self.f.seek(offset)
                     self._fixOffsets(count, field_size)
@@ -2224,24 +2252,33 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
 
             elif is_local:
                 # skip the locally stored value that is not an offset
-                self.f.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)
+                self.f.seek(fmt_size, os.SEEK_CUR)
 
     def _fixOffsets(self, count: int, field_size: int) -> None:
         for i in range(count):
             offset = self._read(field_size)
             offset += self.offsetOfNewPage
-            if field_size == 2 and offset >= 65536:
+
-                # offset is now too large - we must convert shorts to longs
+            new_field_size = 0
+            if self._bigtiff and field_size in (2, 4) and offset >= 2**32:
+                # offset is now too large - we must convert long to long8
+                new_field_size = 8
+            elif field_size == 2 and offset >= 2**16:
+                # offset is now too large - we must convert short to long
+                new_field_size = 4
+            if new_field_size:
                 if count != 1:
                     msg = "not implemented"
                     raise RuntimeError(msg)  # XXX TODO
 
                 # simple case - the offset is just one and therefore it is
                 # local (not referenced with another offset)
-                self.rewriteLastShortToLong(offset)
+                self._rewriteLast(offset, field_size, new_field_size)
-                self.f.seek(-10, os.SEEK_CUR)
+                # Move back past the new offset, past 'count', and before 'field_type'
-                self.writeShort(TiffTags.LONG)  # rewrite the type to LONG
+                rewind = -new_field_size - 4 - 2
-                self.f.seek(8, os.SEEK_CUR)
+                self.f.seek(rewind, os.SEEK_CUR)
+                self.writeShort(new_field_size)  # rewrite the type
+                self.f.seek(2 - rewind, os.SEEK_CUR)
             else:
                 self._rewriteLast(offset, field_size)
 

src/PIL/WebPImagePlugin.py

@@ -223,8 +223,7 @@ def _save_all(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
 
     # Setup the WebP animation encoder
     enc = _webp.WebPAnimEncoder(
-        im.size[0],
+        im.size,
-        im.size[1],
         background,
         loop,
         minimize_size,

src/PIL/_deprecate.py

@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ def deprecate(
         raise RuntimeError(msg)
     elif when == 12:
         removed = "Pillow 12 (2025-10-15)"
+    elif when == 13:
+        removed = "Pillow 13 (2026-10-15)"
     else:
         msg = f"Unknown removal version: {when}. Update {__name__}?"
         raise ValueError(msg)

src/PIL/_imagingft.pyi

@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ class Font:
         features: list[str] | None,
         lang: str | None,
         stroke_width: float,
+        stroke_filled: bool,
         anchor: str | None,
         foreground_ink_long: int,
-        x_start: float,
+        start: tuple[float, float],
-        y_start: float,
         /,
     ) -> tuple[_imaging.ImagingCore, tuple[int, int]]: ...
     def getsize(

src/PIL/_tkinter_finder.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-""" Find compiled module linking to Tcl / Tk libraries
+"""Find compiled module linking to Tcl / Tk libraries"""
-"""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 

src/PIL/features.py

@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ features: dict[str, tuple[str, str | bool, str | None]] = {
     "fribidi": ("PIL._imagingft", "HAVE_FRIBIDI", "fribidi_version"),
     "harfbuzz": ("PIL._imagingft", "HAVE_HARFBUZZ", "harfbuzz_version"),
     "libjpeg_turbo": ("PIL._imaging", "HAVE_LIBJPEGTURBO", "libjpeg_turbo_version"),
+    "mozjpeg": ("PIL._imaging", "HAVE_MOZJPEG", "libjpeg_turbo_version"),
     "zlib_ng": ("PIL._imaging", "HAVE_ZLIBNG", "zlib_ng_version"),
     "libimagequant": ("PIL._imaging", "HAVE_LIBIMAGEQUANT", "imagequant_version"),
     "xcb": ("PIL._imaging", "HAVE_XCB", None),
@@ -300,7 +301,8 @@ def pilinfo(out: IO[str] | None = None, supported_formats: bool = True) -> None:
             if name == "jpg":
                 libjpeg_turbo_version = version_feature("libjpeg_turbo")
                 if libjpeg_turbo_version is not None:
-                    v = "libjpeg-turbo " + libjpeg_turbo_version
+                    v = "mozjpeg" if check_feature("mozjpeg") else "libjpeg-turbo"
+                    v += " " + libjpeg_turbo_version
             if v is None:
                 v = version(name)
             if v is not None:

src/_imaging.c

@@ -76,6 +76,13 @@
 
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBJPEG
 #include "jconfig.h"
+#ifdef LIBJPEG_TURBO_VERSION
+#define JCONFIG_INCLUDED
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+#define _BASETSD_H
+#endif
+#include "jpeglib.h"
+#endif
 #endif
 
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBZ
@@ -466,8 +473,7 @@ getpixel(Imaging im, ImagingAccess access, int x, int y) {
     }
 
     /* unknown type */
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static char *
@@ -860,7 +866,7 @@ _color_lut_3d(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(
             args,
-            "siiiiiO:color_lut_3d",
+            "sii(iii)O:color_lut_3d",
             &mode,
             &filter,
             &table_channels,
@@ -958,8 +964,7 @@ _convert2(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1008,10 +1013,6 @@ _convert_transparent(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
 static PyObject *
 _copy(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "")) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
     return PyImagingNew(ImagingCopy(self->image));
 }
 
@@ -1207,8 +1208,7 @@ _getpixel(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     }
 
     if (self->access == NULL) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     return getpixel(self->image, self->access, x, y);
@@ -1410,8 +1410,7 @@ _paste(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1684,8 +1683,7 @@ _putdata(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
     Py_XDECREF(seq);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1745,8 +1743,7 @@ _putpalette(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     self->image->palette->size = palettesize * 8 / bits;
     unpack(self->image->palette->palette, palette, self->image->palette->size);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1770,8 +1767,7 @@ _putpalettealpha(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     strcpy(self->image->palette->mode, "RGBA");
     self->image->palette->palette[index * 4 + 3] = (UINT8)alpha;
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1798,8 +1794,7 @@ _putpalettealphas(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         self->image->palette->palette[i * 4 + 3] = (UINT8)values[i];
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1835,8 +1830,7 @@ _putpixel(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         self->access->put_pixel(im, x, y, ink);
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -2003,8 +1997,7 @@ im_setmode(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     }
     self->access = ImagingAccessNew(im);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -2067,8 +2060,7 @@ _transform(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -2195,8 +2187,7 @@ _getbbox(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     }
 
     if (!ImagingGetBBox(self->image, bbox, alpha_only)) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     return Py_BuildValue("iiii", bbox[0], bbox[1], bbox[2], bbox[3]);
@@ -2276,8 +2267,7 @@ _getextrema(ImagingObject *self) {
         }
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -2340,8 +2330,7 @@ _fillband(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -2356,8 +2345,7 @@ _putband(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -2943,8 +2931,7 @@ _draw_arc(ImagingDrawObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -2981,8 +2968,7 @@ _draw_bitmap(ImagingDrawObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -3038,8 +3024,7 @@ _draw_chord(ImagingDrawObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -3093,8 +3078,7 @@ _draw_ellipse(ImagingDrawObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -3157,8 +3141,7 @@ _draw_lines(ImagingDrawObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
     free(xy);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -3189,8 +3172,7 @@ _draw_points(ImagingDrawObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
     free(xy);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 /* from outline.c */
@@ -3218,8 +3200,7 @@ _draw_outline(ImagingDrawObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -3275,8 +3256,7 @@ _draw_pieslice(ImagingDrawObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -3327,8 +3307,7 @@ _draw_polygon(ImagingDrawObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
     free(ixy);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -3382,8 +3361,7 @@ _draw_rectangle(ImagingDrawObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static struct PyMethodDef _draw_methods[] = {
@@ -3588,8 +3566,7 @@ _save_ppm(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -3977,8 +3954,7 @@ _reset_stats(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     arena->stats_freed_blocks = 0;
     MUTEX_UNLOCK(&ImagingDefaultArena.mutex);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -4038,8 +4014,7 @@ _set_alignment(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     ImagingDefaultArena.alignment = alignment;
     MUTEX_UNLOCK(&ImagingDefaultArena.mutex);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -4063,8 +4038,7 @@ _set_block_size(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     ImagingDefaultArena.block_size = block_size;
     MUTEX_UNLOCK(&ImagingDefaultArena.mutex);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -4092,8 +4066,7 @@ _set_blocks_max(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return ImagingError_MemoryError();
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -4108,8 +4081,7 @@ _clear_cache(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     ImagingMemoryClearCache(&ImagingDefaultArena, i);
     MUTEX_UNLOCK(&ImagingDefaultArena.mutex);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -4367,6 +4339,15 @@ setup_module(PyObject *m) {
     Py_INCREF(have_libjpegturbo);
     PyModule_AddObject(m, "HAVE_LIBJPEGTURBO", have_libjpegturbo);
 
+    PyObject *have_mozjpeg;
+#ifdef JPEG_C_PARAM_SUPPORTED
+    have_mozjpeg = Py_True;
+#else
+    have_mozjpeg = Py_False;
+#endif
+    Py_INCREF(have_mozjpeg);
+    PyModule_AddObject(m, "HAVE_MOZJPEG", have_mozjpeg);
+
     PyObject *have_libimagequant;
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBIMAGEQUANT
     have_libimagequant = Py_True;
@@ -4454,10 +4435,9 @@ PyInit__imaging(void) {
 
     static PyModuleDef module_def = {
         PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
-        "_imaging", /* m_name */
+        .m_name = "_imaging",
-        NULL,       /* m_doc */
+        .m_size = -1,
-        -1,         /* m_size */
+        .m_methods = functions,
-        functions,  /* m_methods */
     };
 
     m = PyModule_Create(&module_def);

src/_imagingcms.c

@@ -654,8 +654,7 @@ cms_get_display_profile_win32(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(filename, filename_size - 1);
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -672,20 +671,17 @@ _profile_read_mlu(CmsProfileObject *self, cmsTagSignature info) {
     wchar_t *buf;
 
     if (!cmsIsTag(self->profile, info)) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     mlu = cmsReadTag(self->profile, info);
     if (!mlu) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     len = cmsMLUgetWide(mlu, lc, cc, NULL, 0);
     if (len == 0) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     buf = malloc(len);
@@ -723,14 +719,12 @@ _profile_read_signature(CmsProfileObject *self, cmsTagSignature info) {
     unsigned int *sig;
 
     if (!cmsIsTag(self->profile, info)) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     sig = (unsigned int *)cmsReadTag(self->profile, info);
     if (!sig) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     return _profile_read_int_as_string(*sig);
@@ -780,14 +774,12 @@ _profile_read_ciexyz(CmsProfileObject *self, cmsTagSignature info, int multi) {
     cmsCIEXYZ *XYZ;
 
     if (!cmsIsTag(self->profile, info)) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     XYZ = (cmsCIEXYZ *)cmsReadTag(self->profile, info);
     if (!XYZ) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
     if (multi) {
         return _xyz3_py(XYZ);
@@ -801,14 +793,12 @@ _profile_read_ciexyy_triple(CmsProfileObject *self, cmsTagSignature info) {
     cmsCIExyYTRIPLE *triple;
 
     if (!cmsIsTag(self->profile, info)) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     triple = (cmsCIExyYTRIPLE *)cmsReadTag(self->profile, info);
     if (!triple) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     /* Note: lcms does all the heavy lifting and error checking (nr of
@@ -835,21 +825,18 @@ _profile_read_named_color_list(CmsProfileObject *self, cmsTagSignature info) {
     PyObject *result;
 
     if (!cmsIsTag(self->profile, info)) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     ncl = (cmsNAMEDCOLORLIST *)cmsReadTag(self->profile, info);
     if (ncl == NULL) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     n = cmsNamedColorCount(ncl);
     result = PyList_New(n);
     if (!result) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
@@ -858,8 +845,7 @@ _profile_read_named_color_list(CmsProfileObject *self, cmsTagSignature info) {
         str = PyUnicode_FromString(name);
         if (str == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(result);
-            Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+            Py_RETURN_NONE;
-            return Py_None;
         }
         PyList_SET_ITEM(result, i, str);
     }
@@ -926,8 +912,7 @@ _is_intent_supported(CmsProfileObject *self, int clut) {
 
     result = PyDict_New();
     if (result == NULL) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     n = cmsGetSupportedIntents(INTENTS, intent_ids, intent_descs);
@@ -957,8 +942,7 @@ _is_intent_supported(CmsProfileObject *self, int clut) {
             Py_XDECREF(id);
             Py_XDECREF(entry);
             Py_XDECREF(result);
-            Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+            Py_RETURN_NONE;
-            return Py_None;
         }
         PyDict_SetItem(result, id, entry);
         Py_DECREF(id);
@@ -1042,8 +1026,7 @@ cms_profile_getattr_creation_date(CmsProfileObject *self, void *closure) {
 
     result = cmsGetHeaderCreationDateTime(self->profile, &ct);
     if (!result) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     return PyDateTime_FromDateAndTime(
@@ -1141,8 +1124,7 @@ cms_profile_getattr_saturation_rendering_intent_gamut(
 static PyObject *
 cms_profile_getattr_red_colorant(CmsProfileObject *self, void *closure) {
     if (!cmsIsMatrixShaper(self->profile)) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
     return _profile_read_ciexyz(self, cmsSigRedColorantTag, 0);
 }
@@ -1150,8 +1132,7 @@ cms_profile_getattr_red_colorant(CmsProfileObject *self, void *closure) {
 static PyObject *
 cms_profile_getattr_green_colorant(CmsProfileObject *self, void *closure) {
     if (!cmsIsMatrixShaper(self->profile)) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
     return _profile_read_ciexyz(self, cmsSigGreenColorantTag, 0);
 }
@@ -1159,8 +1140,7 @@ cms_profile_getattr_green_colorant(CmsProfileObject *self, void *closure) {
 static PyObject *
 cms_profile_getattr_blue_colorant(CmsProfileObject *self, void *closure) {
     if (!cmsIsMatrixShaper(self->profile)) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
     return _profile_read_ciexyz(self, cmsSigBlueColorantTag, 0);
 }
@@ -1176,21 +1156,18 @@ cms_profile_getattr_media_white_point_temperature(
     cmsBool result;
 
     if (!cmsIsTag(self->profile, info)) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     XYZ = (cmsCIEXYZ *)cmsReadTag(self->profile, info);
     if (XYZ == NULL || XYZ->X == 0) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     cmsXYZ2xyY(&xyY, XYZ);
     result = cmsTempFromWhitePoint(&tempK, &xyY);
     if (!result) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
     return PyFloat_FromDouble(tempK);
 }
@@ -1229,8 +1206,7 @@ cms_profile_getattr_red_primary(CmsProfileObject *self, void *closure) {
         result = _calculate_rgb_primaries(self, &primaries);
     }
     if (!result) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     return _xyz_py(&primaries.Red);
@@ -1245,8 +1221,7 @@ cms_profile_getattr_green_primary(CmsProfileObject *self, void *closure) {
         result = _calculate_rgb_primaries(self, &primaries);
     }
     if (!result) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     return _xyz_py(&primaries.Green);
@@ -1261,8 +1236,7 @@ cms_profile_getattr_blue_primary(CmsProfileObject *self, void *closure) {
         result = _calculate_rgb_primaries(self, &primaries);
     }
     if (!result) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     return _xyz_py(&primaries.Blue);
@@ -1321,14 +1295,12 @@ cms_profile_getattr_icc_measurement_condition(CmsProfileObject *self, void *clos
     const char *geo;
 
     if (!cmsIsTag(self->profile, info)) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     mc = (cmsICCMeasurementConditions *)cmsReadTag(self->profile, info);
     if (!mc) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     if (mc->Geometry == 1) {
@@ -1362,14 +1334,12 @@ cms_profile_getattr_icc_viewing_condition(CmsProfileObject *self, void *closure)
     cmsTagSignature info = cmsSigViewingConditionsTag;
 
     if (!cmsIsTag(self->profile, info)) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     vc = (cmsICCViewingConditions *)cmsReadTag(self->profile, info);
     if (!vc) {
-        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
-        return Py_None;
     }
 
     return Py_BuildValue(
@@ -1550,10 +1520,9 @@ PyInit__imagingcms(void) {
 
     static PyModuleDef module_def = {
         PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
-        "_imagingcms",    /* m_name */
+        .m_name = "_imagingcms",
-        NULL,             /* m_doc */
+        .m_size = -1,
-        -1,               /* m_size */
+        .m_methods = pyCMSdll_methods,
-        pyCMSdll_methods, /* m_methods */
     };
 
     m = PyModule_Create(&module_def);

src/_imagingft.c

@@ -339,29 +339,23 @@ text_layout_raqm(
         len = PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(seq);
         for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
             PyObject *item = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(seq, j);
-            char *feature = NULL;
-            Py_ssize_t size = 0;
-            PyObject *bytes;
-
             if (!PyUnicode_Check(item)) {
                 Py_DECREF(seq);
                 PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "expected a string");
                 goto failed;
             }
-            bytes = PyUnicode_AsUTF8String(item);
+
-            if (bytes == NULL) {
+            Py_ssize_t size;
+            const char *feature = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(item, &size);
+            if (feature == NULL) {
                 Py_DECREF(seq);
                 goto failed;
             }
-            feature = PyBytes_AS_STRING(bytes);
-            size = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(bytes);
             if (!raqm_add_font_feature(rq, feature, size)) {
                 Py_DECREF(seq);
-                Py_DECREF(bytes);
                 PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "raqm_add_font_feature() failed");
                 goto failed;
             }
-            Py_DECREF(bytes);
         }
         Py_DECREF(seq);
     }
@@ -840,6 +834,7 @@ font_render(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     int mask = 0;  /* is FT_LOAD_TARGET_MONO enabled? */
     int color = 0; /* is FT_LOAD_COLOR enabled? */
     float stroke_width = 0;
+    int stroke_filled = 0;
     PY_LONG_LONG foreground_ink_long = 0;
     unsigned int foreground_ink;
     const char *mode = NULL;
@@ -859,7 +854,7 @@ font_render(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(
             args,
-            "OO|zzOzfzLffO:render",
+            "OO|zzOzfpzL(ff):render",
             &string,
             &fill,
             &mode,
@@ -867,6 +862,7 @@ font_render(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
             &features,
             &lang,
             &stroke_width,
+            &stroke_filled,
             &anchor,
             &foreground_ink_long,
             &x_start,
@@ -1011,7 +1007,8 @@ font_render(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         if (stroker != NULL) {
             error = FT_Get_Glyph(glyph_slot, &glyph);
             if (!error) {
-                error = FT_Glyph_Stroke(&glyph, stroker, 1);
+                error = stroke_filled ? FT_Glyph_StrokeBorder(&glyph, stroker, 0, 1)
+                                      : FT_Glyph_Stroke(&glyph, stroker, 1);
             }
             if (!error) {
                 FT_Vector origin = {0, 0};
@@ -1377,8 +1374,7 @@ font_setvarname(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return geterror(error);
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1432,8 +1428,7 @@ font_setvaraxes(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         return geterror(error);
     }
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -1635,10 +1630,9 @@ PyInit__imagingft(void) {
 
     static PyModuleDef module_def = {
         PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
-        "_imagingft", /* m_name */
+        .m_name = "_imagingft",
-        NULL,         /* m_doc */
+        .m_size = -1,
-        -1,           /* m_size */
+        .m_methods = _functions,
-        _functions,   /* m_methods */
     };
 
     m = PyModule_Create(&module_def);

src/_imagingmath.c

@@ -192,8 +192,7 @@ _unop(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
     unop(out, im1);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -226,8 +225,7 @@ _binop(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
     binop(out, im1, im2);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyMethodDef _functions[] = {
@@ -310,10 +308,9 @@ PyInit__imagingmath(void) {
 
     static PyModuleDef module_def = {
         PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
-        "_imagingmath", /* m_name */
+        .m_name = "_imagingmath",
-        NULL,           /* m_doc */
+        .m_size = -1,
-        -1,             /* m_size */
+        .m_methods = _functions,
-        _functions,     /* m_methods */
     };
 
     m = PyModule_Create(&module_def);

src/_imagingmorph.c

@@ -252,10 +252,10 @@ PyInit__imagingmorph(void) {
 
     static PyModuleDef module_def = {
         PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
-        "_imagingmorph",                       /* m_name */
+        .m_name = "_imagingmorph",
-        "A module for doing image morphology", /* m_doc */
+        .m_doc = "A module for doing image morphology",
-        -1,                                    /* m_size */
+        .m_size = -1,
-        functions,                             /* m_methods */
+        .m_methods = functions,
     };
 
     m = PyModule_Create(&module_def);

src/_imagingtk.c

@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ _tkinit(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     /* This will bomb if interp is invalid... */
     TkImaging_Init(interp);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyMethodDef functions[] = {
@@ -51,10 +50,9 @@ PyMODINIT_FUNC
 PyInit__imagingtk(void) {
     static PyModuleDef module_def = {
         PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
-        "_imagingtk", /* m_name */
+        .m_name = "_imagingtk",
-        NULL,         /* m_doc */
+        .m_size = -1,
-        -1,           /* m_size */
+        .m_methods = functions,
-        functions,    /* m_methods */
     };
     PyObject *m;
     m = PyModule_Create(&module_def);

src/_webp.c

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ _anim_encoder_new(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(
             args,
-            "iiIiiiiii",
+            "(ii)Iiiiiii",
             &width,
             &height,
             &bgcolor,
@@ -835,10 +835,9 @@ PyInit__webp(void) {
 
     static PyModuleDef module_def = {
         PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
-        "_webp",     /* m_name */
+        .m_name = "_webp",
-        NULL,        /* m_doc */
+        .m_size = -1,
-        -1,          /* m_size */
+        .m_methods = webpMethods,
-        webpMethods, /* m_methods */
     };
 
     m = PyModule_Create(&module_def);

src/decode.c

@@ -213,8 +213,7 @@ _setimage(ImagingDecoderObject *decoder, PyObject *args) {
     Py_XDECREF(decoder->lock);
     decoder->lock = op;
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -231,8 +230,7 @@ _setfd(ImagingDecoderObject *decoder, PyObject *args) {
     Py_XINCREF(fd);
     state->fd = fd;
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *

src/display.c

@@ -85,8 +85,7 @@ _expose(ImagingDisplayObject *display, PyObject *args) {
 
     ImagingExposeDIB(display->dib, hdc);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -112,8 +111,7 @@ _draw(ImagingDisplayObject *display, PyObject *args) {
 
     ImagingDrawDIB(display->dib, hdc, dst, src);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 extern Imaging
@@ -143,8 +141,7 @@ _paste(ImagingDisplayObject *display, PyObject *args) {
 
     ImagingPasteDIB(display->dib, im, xy);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -190,8 +187,7 @@ _releasedc(ImagingDisplayObject *display, PyObject *args) {
 
     ReleaseDC(window, dc);
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -211,8 +207,7 @@ _frombytes(ImagingDisplayObject *display, PyObject *args) {
     memcpy(display->dib->bits, buffer.buf, buffer.len);
 
     PyBuffer_Release(&buffer);
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -709,8 +704,7 @@ PyImaging_EventLoopWin32(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     }
     Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS;
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

src/encode.c

@@ -278,8 +278,7 @@ _setimage(ImagingEncoderObject *encoder, PyObject *args) {
     Py_XDECREF(encoder->lock);
     encoder->lock = op;
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -296,8 +295,7 @@ _setfd(ImagingEncoderObject *encoder, PyObject *args) {
     Py_XINCREF(fd);
     state->fd = fd;
 
-    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-    return Py_None;
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -1099,7 +1097,7 @@ PyImaging_JpegEncoderNew(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(
             args,
-            "ss|nnnnpnnnnnnOz#y#y#",
+            "ss|nnnnpn(nn)nnnOz#y#y#",
             &mode,
             &rawmode,
             &quality,