Merge branch 'main' into convert_mode

.ci/install.sh

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
     sudo apt-get -qq install libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev libtiff-dev python3-tk\
                              ghostscript libjpeg-turbo8-dev libopenjp2-7-dev\
                              cmake meson imagemagick libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev\
-                             sway wl-clipboard libopenblas-dev
+                             sway wl-clipboard libopenblas-dev nasm
 fi
 
 python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ python3 -m pip install -U pytest
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest-cov
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest-timeout
 python3 -m pip install pyroma
+# optional test dependency, only install if there's a binary package.
+# fails on beta 3.14 and PyPy
+python3 -m pip install --only-binary=:all: pyarrow || true
 
 if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
     python3 -m pip install numpy
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
     # Pyroma uses non-isolated build and fails with old setuptools
     if [[ $GHA_PYTHON_VERSION == 3.9 ]]; then
         # To match pyproject.toml
-        python3 -m pip install "setuptools>=67.8"
+        python3 -m pip install "setuptools>=77"
     fi
 
     # webp
@@ -62,6 +65,9 @@ if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
     # raqm
     pushd depends && ./install_raqm.sh && popd
 
+    # libavif
+    pushd depends && ./install_libavif.sh && popd
+
     # extra test images
     pushd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && popd
 else

.ci/requirements-cibw.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-cibuildwheel==2.23.2
+cibuildwheel==3.0.0

.ci/requirements-mypy.txt

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-mypy==1.15.0
+mypy==1.16.1
 IceSpringPySideStubs-PyQt6
 IceSpringPySideStubs-PySide6
 ipython
 numpy
 packaging
+pyarrow-stubs
 pytest
 sphinx
 types-atheris

.ci/test.cmd

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 python.exe -c "from PIL import Image"
 IF ERRORLEVEL 1 EXIT /B
-python.exe -bb -m pytest -v -x -W always --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests
+python.exe -bb -m pytest -vv -x -W always --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests

.ci/test.sh

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ set -e
 
 python3 -c "from PIL import Image"
 
-python3 -bb -m pytest -v -x -W always --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests $REVERSE
+python3 -bb -m pytest -vv -x -W always --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests $REVERSE

.clang-format

@@ -1,5 +1,26 @@
 # A clang-format style that approximates Python's PEP 7
 # Useful for IDE integration
+Language: C
+BasedOnStyle: Google
+AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: All
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
+AlignAfterOpenBracket: BlockIndent
+BinPackArguments: false
+BinPackParameters: false
+BreakBeforeBraces: Attach
+ColumnLimit: 88
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
+IndentGotoLabels: false
+IndentWidth: 4
+PointerAlignment: Right
+ReflowComments: true
+SortIncludes: false
+SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
+SpacesInParentheses: false
+TabWidth: 4
+UseTab: Never
+---
+Language: Cpp
 BasedOnStyle: Google
 AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: All
 AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
@@ -11,7 +32,6 @@ ColumnLimit: 88
 DerivePointerAlignment: false
 IndentGotoLabels: false
 IndentWidth: 4
-Language: Cpp
 PointerAlignment: Right
 ReflowComments: true
 SortIncludes: false

.coveragerc

@@ -18,6 +18,5 @@ exclude_also =
 
 [run]
 omit =
-    Tests/32bit_segfault_check.py
+    checks/*.py
-    Tests/check_*.py
     Tests/createfontdatachunk.py

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/RELEASE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+name: "Maintainers only: Release"
+about: For maintainers to schedule a quarterly release
+labels: Release
+---
+
+## Main release
+
+Released quarterly on January 2nd, April 1st, July 1st and October 15th.
+
+* [ ] Open a release ticket e.g. https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/3154
+* [ ] Develop and prepare release in `main` branch.
+  * [ ] Add release notes e.g. https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/8885
+* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) to confirm passing tests in `main` branch.
+* [ ] Check that all the wheel builds pass the tests in the [GitHub Actions "Wheels" workflow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml) jobs by manually triggering them.
+* [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/), update version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
+* [ ] Run pre-release check via `make release-test` in a freshly cloned repo.
+* [ ] Create branch and tag for release e.g.:
+  ```bash
+  git branch [[MAJOR.MINOR]].x
+  git tag [[MAJOR.MINOR]].0
+  git push --tags
+  ```
+* [ ] Check the [GitHub Actions "Wheels" workflow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml) has passed, including the "Upload release to PyPI" job. This will have been triggered by the new tag.
+* [ ] Publish the [release on GitHub](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases).
+* [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/), increment and append `.dev0` to version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py` and then:
+  ```bash
+  git push --all
+   ```
+
+## Publicize release
+
+* [ ] Announce release availability via [Mastodon](https://fosstodon.org/@pillow) e.g. https://fosstodon.org/@pillow/110639450470725321
+
+## Documentation
+
+* [ ] Make sure the [default version for Read the Docs](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) is up-to-date with the release changes
+
+## Docker images
+
+* [ ] Update Pillow in the Docker Images repository
+  ```bash
+  git clone https://github.com/python-pillow/docker-images
+  cd docker-images
+  ./update-pillow-tag.sh [[release tag]]
+  ```

.github/workflows/macos-install.sh

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ if [[ "$ImageOS" == "macos13" ]]; then
     brew uninstall gradle maven
 fi
 brew install \
+    aom \
+    dav1d \
     freetype \
     ghostscript \
     jpeg-turbo \
@@ -14,6 +16,8 @@ brew install \
     libtiff \
     little-cms2 \
     openjpeg \
+    rav1e \
+    svt-av1 \
     webp
 export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openblas/lib/pkgconfig"
 
@@ -26,6 +30,12 @@ python3 -m pip install -U pytest-cov
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest-timeout
 python3 -m pip install pyroma
 python3 -m pip install numpy
+# optional test dependency, only install if there's a binary package.
+# fails on beta 3.14 and PyPy
+python3 -m pip install --only-binary=:all: pyarrow || true
+
+# libavif
+pushd depends && ./install_libavif.sh && popd
 
 # extra test images
 pushd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && popd

.github/workflows/test-docker.yml

@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ jobs:
           centos-stream-10-amd64,
           debian-12-bookworm-x86,
           debian-12-bookworm-amd64,
-          fedora-40-amd64,
           fedora-41-amd64,
+          fedora-42-amd64,
           gentoo,
           ubuntu-22.04-jammy-amd64,
           ubuntu-24.04-noble-amd64,

.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ jobs:
               mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-ghostscript \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-lcms2 \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-libavif \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libimagequant \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libjpeg-turbo \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libraqm \

.github/workflows/test-valgrind-memory.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+name: Test Valgrind Memory Leaks
+
+# like the Docker tests, but running valgrind only on *.c/*.h changes.
+
+# this is very expensive. Only run on the pull request.
+on:
+  # push:
+  #   branches:
+  #     - "**"
+  #   paths:
+  #     - ".github/workflows/test-valgrind.yml"
+  #     - "**.c"
+  #     - "**.h"
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/test-valgrind.yml"
+      - "**.c"
+      - "**.h"
+      - "depends/docker-test-valgrind-memory.sh"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        docker: [
+          ubuntu-22.04-jammy-amd64-valgrind,
+        ]
+        dockerTag: [main]
+
+    name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+
+    - name: Build system information
+      run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py
+
+    - name: Docker pull
+      run: |
+        docker pull pythonpillow/${{ matrix.docker }}:${{ matrix.dockerTag }}
+
+    - name: Build and Run Valgrind
+      run: |
+        # The Pillow user in the docker container is UID 1001
+        sudo chown -R 1001 $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
+        docker run --name pillow_container -e "PILLOW_VALGRIND_TEST=true" -v $GITHUB_WORKSPACE:/Pillow pythonpillow/${{ matrix.docker }}:${{ matrix.dockerTag }} /Pillow/depends/docker-test-valgrind-memory.sh
+        sudo chown -R runner $GITHUB_WORKSPACE

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -31,18 +31,17 @@ env:
 
 jobs:
   build:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: windows-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["pypy3.11", "pypy3.10", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python-version: ["pypy3.11", "pypy3.10", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", ">=3.13.5", "3.14"]
         architecture: ["x64"]
-        os: ["windows-latest"]
         include:
             # Test the oldest Python on 32-bit
-            - { python-version: "3.9", architecture: "x86", os: "windows-2019" }
+            - { python-version: "3.9", architecture: "x86" }
 
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 45
 
     name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} (${{ matrix.architecture }})
 
@@ -84,18 +83,22 @@ jobs:
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
 
     - name: Install CPython dependencies
-      if: "!contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy') && matrix.architecture != 'x86'"
+      if: "!contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy') && !contains(matrix.python-version, '3.14') && matrix.architecture != 'x86'"
       run: |
         python3 -m pip install PyQt6
 
+    - name: Install PyArrow dependency
+      run: |
+        python3 -m pip install --only-binary=:all: pyarrow || true
+
     - name: Install dependencies
       id: install
       run: |
         choco install nasm --no-progress
         echo "C:\Program Files\NASM" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
 
-        choco install ghostscript --version=10.5.0 --no-progress
+        choco install ghostscript --version=10.5.1 --no-progress
-        echo "C:\Program Files\gs\gs10.05.0\bin" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
+        echo "C:\Program Files\gs\gs10.05.1\bin" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
 
         # Install extra test images
         xcopy /S /Y Tests\test-images\* Tests\images
@@ -145,6 +148,10 @@ jobs:
       if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
       run: "& winbuild\\build\\build_dep_libpng.cmd"
 
+    - name: Build dependencies / libavif
+      if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' && matrix.architecture == 'x64'
+      run: "& winbuild\\build\\build_dep_libavif.cmd"
+
     # for FreeType WOFF2 font support
     - name: Build dependencies / brotli
       if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ jobs:
         python-version: [
           "pypy3.11",
           "pypy3.10",
+          "3.14t",
           "3.14",
           "3.13t",
           "3.13",
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ jobs:
         - { python-version: "3.11", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 1, REVERSE: "--reverse" }
         - { python-version: "3.10", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2 }
         # Free-threaded
+        - { python-version: "3.14t", disable-gil: true }
         - { python-version: "3.13t", disable-gil: true }
         # M1 only available for 3.10+
         - { os: "macos-13", python-version: "3.9" }

.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh

@@ -1,84 +1,160 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-# Setup that needs to be done before multibuild utils are invoked
+# Safety check - Pillow builds require that CIBW_ARCHS is set, and that it only
-PROJECTDIR=$(pwd)
+# contains a single value (even though cibuildwheel allows multiple values in
-if [[ "$(uname -s)" == "Darwin" ]]; then
+# CIBW_ARCHS). This check doesn't work on Linux because of how the CIBW_ARCHS
-    # Safety check - macOS builds require that CIBW_ARCHS is set, and that it
+# variable is exposed.
-    # only contains a single value (even though cibuildwheel allows multiple
+function check_cibw_archs {
-    # values in CIBW_ARCHS).
     if [[ -z "$CIBW_ARCHS" ]]; then
-        echo "ERROR: Pillow macOS builds require CIBW_ARCHS be defined."
+        echo "ERROR: Pillow builds require CIBW_ARCHS be defined."
         exit 1
     fi
     if [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == *" "* ]]; then
-        echo "ERROR: Pillow macOS builds only support a single architecture in CIBW_ARCHS."
+        echo "ERROR: Pillow builds only support a single architecture in CIBW_ARCHS."
         exit 1
     fi
+}
 
+# Setup that needs to be done before multibuild utils are invoked. Process
+# potential cross-build platforms before native platforms to ensure that we pick
+# up the cross environment.
+PROJECTDIR=$(pwd)
+if [[ "$CIBW_PLATFORM" == "ios" ]]; then
+    check_cibw_archs
+    # On iOS, CIBW_ARCHS is actually a multi-arch - arm64_iphoneos,
+    # arm64_iphonesimulator or x86_64_iphonesimulator. Split into the CPU
+    # platform, and the iOS SDK.
+    PLAT=$(echo $CIBW_ARCHS | sed "s/\(.*\)_\(.*\)/\1/")
+    IOS_SDK=$(echo $CIBW_ARCHS | sed "s/\(.*\)_\(.*\)/\2/")
+
+    # Build iOS builds in `build/iphoneos` or `build/iphonesimulator`
+    # (depending on the build target). Install them into `build/deps/iphoneos`
+    # or `build/deps/iphonesimulator`
+    WORKDIR=$(pwd)/build/$IOS_SDK
+    BUILD_PREFIX=$(pwd)/build/deps/$IOS_SDK
+    PATCH_DIR=$(pwd)/patches/iOS
+
+    # GNU tooling insists on using aarch64 rather than arm64
+    if [[ $PLAT == "arm64" ]]; then
+        GNU_ARCH=aarch64
+    else
+        GNU_ARCH=x86_64
+    fi
+
+    IOS_SDK_PATH=$(xcrun --sdk $IOS_SDK --show-sdk-path)
+    CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=iOS
+    IOS_HOST_TRIPLE=$PLAT-apple-ios$IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET
+    if [[ "$IOS_SDK" == "iphonesimulator" ]]; then
+        IOS_HOST_TRIPLE=$IOS_HOST_TRIPLE-simulator
+    fi
+
+    # GNU Autotools doesn't recognize the existence of arm64-apple-ios-simulator
+    # as a valid host. However, the only difference between arm64-apple-ios and
+    # arm64-apple-ios-simulator is the choice of sysroot, and that is
+    # coordinated by CC, CFLAGS etc. From the perspective of configure, the two
+    # platforms are identical, so we can use arm64-apple-ios consistently.
+    # This (mostly) avoids us needing to patch config.sub in dependency sources.
+    HOST_CONFIGURE_FLAGS="--disable-shared --enable-static --host=$GNU_ARCH-apple-ios --build=$GNU_ARCH-apple-darwin"
+
+    # CMake has native support for iOS. However, most of that support is based
+    # on using the Xcode builder, which isn't very helpful for most of Pillow's
+    # dependencies. Therefore, we lean on the OSX configurations, plus CC, CFLAGS
+    # etc. to ensure the right sysroot is selected.
+    HOST_CMAKE_FLAGS="-DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=$CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=$GNU_ARCH -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET -DCMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=$IOS_SDK_PATH -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=NO"
+
+    # Meson needs to be pointed at a cross-platform configuration file
+    # This will be generated once CC etc. have been evaluated.
+    HOST_MESON_FLAGS="--cross-file $WORKDIR/meson-cross.txt -Dprefer_static=true -Ddefault_library=static"
+
+elif [[ "$(uname -s)" == "Darwin" ]]; then
+    check_cibw_archs
     # Build macOS dependencies in `build/darwin`
     # Install them into `build/deps/darwin`
+    PLAT=$CIBW_ARCHS
     WORKDIR=$(pwd)/build/darwin
     BUILD_PREFIX=$(pwd)/build/deps/darwin
 else
     # Build prefix will default to /usr/local
+    PLAT="${CIBW_ARCHS:-$AUDITWHEEL_ARCH}"
     WORKDIR=$(pwd)/build
     MB_ML_LIBC=${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}
     MB_ML_VER=${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY:9}
 fi
-PLAT=$CIBW_ARCHS
 
 # Define custom utilities
 source wheels/multibuild/common_utils.sh
 source wheels/multibuild/library_builders.sh
-if [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+if [[ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
     source wheels/multibuild/manylinux_utils.sh
 fi
 
 ARCHIVE_SDIR=pillow-depends-main
 
-# Package versions for fresh source builds
+# Package versions for fresh source builds. Version numbers with "Patched"
+# annotations have a source code patch that is required for some platforms. If
+# you change those versions, ensure the patch is also updated.
 FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.3
-HARFBUZZ_VERSION=11.0.0
+HARFBUZZ_VERSION=11.2.1
-LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.47
+LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.49
-JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.1.0
+JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.1.1
 OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.3
-if [[ $MB_ML_VER == 2014 ]]; then
+XZ_VERSION=5.8.1
-  XZ_VERSION=5.6.4
-else
-  XZ_VERSION=5.8.0
-fi
 TIFF_VERSION=4.7.0
 LCMS2_VERSION=2.17
+ZLIB_VERSION=1.3.1
 ZLIB_NG_VERSION=2.2.4
-LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.5.0
+LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.5.0  # Patched; next release won't need patching. See patch file.
 BZIP2_VERSION=1.0.8
 LIBXCB_VERSION=1.17.0
-BROTLI_VERSION=1.1.0
+BROTLI_VERSION=1.1.0  # Patched; next release won't need patching. See patch file.
+LIBAVIF_VERSION=1.3.0
 
 function build_pkg_config {
     if [ -e pkg-config-stamp ]; then return; fi
-    # This essentially duplicates the Homebrew recipe
+    # This essentially duplicates the Homebrew recipe.
-    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wno-int-conversion" build_simple pkg-config 0.29.2 https://pkg-config.freedesktop.org/releases tar.gz \
+    # On iOS, we need a binary that can be executed on the build machine; but we
+    # can create a host-specific pc-path to store iOS .pc files. To ensure a
+    # macOS-compatible build, we temporarily clear environment flags that set
+    # iOS-specific values.
+    if [[ -n "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
+        ORIGINAL_HOST_CONFIGURE_FLAGS=$HOST_CONFIGURE_FLAGS
+        ORIGINAL_IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET
+        unset HOST_CONFIGURE_FLAGS
+        unset IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET
+    fi
+
+    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wno-int-conversion" CPPFLAGS="" build_simple pkg-config 0.29.2 https://pkg-config.freedesktop.org/releases tar.gz \
         --disable-debug --disable-host-tool --with-internal-glib \
         --with-pc-path=$BUILD_PREFIX/share/pkgconfig:$BUILD_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig \
         --with-system-include-path=$(xcrun --show-sdk-path --sdk macosx)/usr/include
+
+    if [[ -n "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
+        HOST_CONFIGURE_FLAGS=$ORIGINAL_HOST_CONFIGURE_FLAGS
+        IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$ORIGINAL_IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET
+    fi;
+
     export PKG_CONFIG=$BUILD_PREFIX/bin/pkg-config
     touch pkg-config-stamp
 }
 
 function build_zlib_ng {
     if [ -e zlib-stamp ]; then return; fi
-    fetch_unpack https://github.com/zlib-ng/zlib-ng/archive/$ZLIB_NG_VERSION.tar.gz zlib-ng-$ZLIB_NG_VERSION.tar.gz
+    # zlib-ng uses a "configure" script, but it's not a GNU autotools script, so
-    (cd zlib-ng-$ZLIB_NG_VERSION \
+    # it doesn't honor the usual flags. Temporarily disable any
-        && ./configure --prefix=$BUILD_PREFIX --zlib-compat \
+    # cross-compilation flags.
-        && make -j4 \
+    ORIGINAL_HOST_CONFIGURE_FLAGS=$HOST_CONFIGURE_FLAGS
-        && make install)
+    unset HOST_CONFIGURE_FLAGS
 
-    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+    build_github zlib-ng/zlib-ng $ZLIB_NG_VERSION --zlib-compat
+
+    HOST_CONFIGURE_FLAGS=$ORIGINAL_HOST_CONFIGURE_FLAGS
+
+    if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]] && [[ -z "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
         # Ensure that on macOS, the library name is an absolute path, not an
         # @rpath, so that delocate picks up the right library (and doesn't need
         # DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH to be set). The default Makefile doesn't have an
-        # option to control the install_name.
+        # option to control the install_name. This isn't needed on iOS, as iOS
+        # only builds the static library.
         install_name_tool -id $BUILD_PREFIX/lib/libz.1.dylib $BUILD_PREFIX/lib/libz.1.dylib
     fi
     touch zlib-stamp
@@ -88,7 +164,7 @@ function build_brotli {
     if [ -e brotli-stamp ]; then return; fi
     local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/google/brotli/archive/v$BROTLI_VERSION.tar.gz brotli-$BROTLI_VERSION.tar.gz)
     (cd $out_dir \
-        && cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$BUILD_PREFIX -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib -DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib . \
+        && cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$BUILD_PREFIX -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib -DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib $HOST_CMAKE_FLAGS . \
         && make install)
     touch brotli-stamp
 }
@@ -99,33 +175,90 @@ function build_harfbuzz {
 
     local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/releases/download/$HARFBUZZ_VERSION/harfbuzz-$HARFBUZZ_VERSION.tar.xz harfbuzz-$HARFBUZZ_VERSION.tar.xz)
     (cd $out_dir \
-        && meson setup build --prefix=$BUILD_PREFIX --libdir=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib --buildtype=release -Dfreetype=enabled -Dglib=disabled)
+        && meson setup build --prefix=$BUILD_PREFIX --libdir=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib --buildtype=minsize -Dfreetype=enabled -Dglib=disabled -Dtests=disabled $HOST_MESON_FLAGS)
     (cd $out_dir/build \
         && meson install)
     touch harfbuzz-stamp
 }
 
+function build_libavif {
+    if [ -e libavif-stamp ]; then return; fi
+
+    python3 -m pip install meson ninja
+
+    if [[ "$PLAT" == "x86_64" ]] || [ -n "$SANITIZER" ]; then
+        build_simple nasm 2.16.03 https://www.nasm.us/pub/nasm/releasebuilds/2.16.03
+    fi
+
+    local build_type=MinSizeRel
+    local lto=ON
+
+    local libavif_cmake_flags
+
+    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+        lto=OFF
+        libavif_cmake_flags=(
+            -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL="-Oz -DNDEBUG -flto" \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL="-Oz -DNDEBUG -flto" \
+            -DCMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT="-Wl,-S,-x,-dead_strip_dylibs" \
+        )
+    else
+        if [[ "$MB_ML_VER" == 2014 ]] && [[ "$PLAT" == "x86_64" ]]; then
+            build_type=Release
+        fi
+        libavif_cmake_flags=(-DCMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT="-Wl,--strip-all,-z,relro,-z,now")
+    fi
+
+    local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif/archive/refs/tags/v$LIBAVIF_VERSION.tar.gz libavif-$LIBAVIF_VERSION.tar.gz)
+    # CONFIG_AV1_HIGHBITDEPTH=0 is a flag for libaom (included as a subproject
+    # of libavif) that disables support for encoding high bit depth images.
+    (cd $out_dir \
+        && cmake \
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$BUILD_PREFIX \
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib \
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib \
+            -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \
+            -DAVIF_LIBSHARPYUV=LOCAL \
+            -DAVIF_LIBYUV=LOCAL \
+            -DAVIF_CODEC_AOM=LOCAL \
+            -DCONFIG_AV1_HIGHBITDEPTH=0 \
+            -DAVIF_CODEC_AOM_DECODE=OFF \
+            -DAVIF_CODEC_DAV1D=LOCAL \
+            -DCMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION=$lto \
+            -DCMAKE_C_VISIBILITY_PRESET=hidden \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET=hidden \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=$build_type \
+            "${libavif_cmake_flags[@]}" \
+            . \
+        && make install)
+    touch libavif-stamp
+}
+
 function build {
     build_xz
     if [ -z "$IS_ALPINE" ] && [ -z "$SANITIZER" ] && [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
         yum remove -y zlib-devel
     fi
-    build_zlib_ng
+    if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]] && [[ "$MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET" == "10.10" || "$MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET" == "10.13" ]]; then
+        build_new_zlib
+    else
+        build_zlib_ng
+    fi
 
     build_simple xcb-proto 1.17.0 https://xorg.freedesktop.org/archive/individual/proto
-    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+    if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
         build_simple xorgproto 2024.1 https://www.x.org/pub/individual/proto
         build_simple libXau 1.0.12 https://www.x.org/pub/individual/lib
         build_simple libpthread-stubs 0.5 https://xcb.freedesktop.org/dist
     else
-        sed s/\${pc_sysrootdir\}// $BUILD_PREFIX/share/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc > $BUILD_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc
+        sed "s/\${pc_sysrootdir\}//" $BUILD_PREFIX/share/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc > $BUILD_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc
     fi
     build_simple libxcb $LIBXCB_VERSION https://www.x.org/releases/individual/lib
 
     build_libjpeg_turbo
-    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+    if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
         # Custom tiff build to include jpeg; by default, configure won't include
-        # headers/libs in the custom macOS prefix. Explicitly disable webp,
+        # headers/libs in the custom macOS/iOS prefix. Explicitly disable webp,
         # libdeflate and zstd, because on x86_64 macs, it will pick up the
         # Homebrew versions of those libraries from /usr/local.
         build_simple tiff $TIFF_VERSION https://download.osgeo.org/libtiff tar.gz \
@@ -135,6 +268,10 @@ function build {
         build_tiff
     fi
 
+    if [[ -z "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
+        # Short term workaround; don't build libavif on iOS
+        build_libavif
+    fi
     build_libpng
     build_lcms2
     build_openjpeg
@@ -149,14 +286,44 @@ function build {
 
     build_brotli
 
-    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+    if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
         # Custom freetype build
         build_simple freetype $FREETYPE_VERSION https://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype tar.gz --with-harfbuzz=no
     else
         build_freetype
     fi
 
-    build_harfbuzz
+    if [[ -z "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
+        # On iOS, there's no vendor-provided raqm, and we can't ship it due to
+        # licensing, so there's no point building harfbuzz.
+        build_harfbuzz
+    fi
+}
+
+function create_meson_cross_config {
+    cat << EOF > $WORKDIR/meson-cross.txt
+[binaries]
+pkg-config = '$BUILD_PREFIX/bin/pkg-config'
+cmake = '$(which cmake)'
+c = '$CC'
+cpp = '$CXX'
+strip = '$STRIP'
+
+[built-in options]
+c_args = '$CFLAGS -I$BUILD_PREFIX/include'
+cpp_args = '$CXXFLAGS -I$BUILD_PREFIX/include'
+c_link_args = '$CFLAGS -L$BUILD_PREFIX/lib'
+cpp_link_args = '$CFLAGS -L$BUILD_PREFIX/lib'
+
+[host_machine]
+system = 'darwin'
+subsystem = 'ios'
+kernel = 'xnu'
+cpu_family = '$(uname -m)'
+cpu = '$(uname -m)'
+endian = 'little'
+
+EOF
 }
 
 # Perform all dependency builds in the build subfolder.
@@ -175,24 +342,40 @@ if [[ ! -d $WORKDIR/pillow-depends-main ]]; then
 fi
 
 if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
-    # Homebrew (or similar packaging environments) install can contain some of
-    # the libraries that we're going to build. However, they may be compiled
-    # with a MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET that doesn't match what we want to use,
-    # and they may bring in other dependencies that we don't want. The same will
-    # be true of any other locations on the path. To avoid conflicts, strip the
-    # path down to the bare minimum (which, on macOS, won't include any
-    # development dependencies).
-    export PATH="$BUILD_PREFIX/bin:$(dirname $(which python3)):/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin"
-    export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$BUILD_PREFIX
-
     # Ensure the basic structure of the build prefix directory exists.
     mkdir -p "$BUILD_PREFIX/bin"
     mkdir -p "$BUILD_PREFIX/lib"
 
-    # Ensure pkg-config is available
+    # Ensure pkg-config is available. This is done *before* setting CC, CFLAGS
+    # etc. to ensure that the build is *always* a macOS build, even when building
+    # for iOS.
     build_pkg_config
-    # Ensure cmake is available
+
+    # Ensure cmake is available, and that the default prefix used by CMake is
+    # the build prefix
     python3 -m pip install cmake
+    export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$BUILD_PREFIX
+
+    if [[ -n "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
+        export AR="$(xcrun --find --sdk $IOS_SDK ar)"
+        export CPP="$(xcrun --find --sdk $IOS_SDK clang) -E"
+        export CC=$(xcrun --find --sdk $IOS_SDK clang)
+        export CXX=$(xcrun --find --sdk $IOS_SDK clang++)
+        export LD=$(xcrun --find --sdk $IOS_SDK ld)
+        export STRIP=$(xcrun --find --sdk $IOS_SDK strip)
+
+        CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS --sysroot=$IOS_SDK_PATH"
+        CFLAGS="-target $IOS_HOST_TRIPLE --sysroot=$IOS_SDK_PATH -mios-version-min=$IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"
+        CXXFLAGS="-target $IOS_HOST_TRIPLE --sysroot=$IOS_SDK_PATH -mios-version-min=$IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET"
+
+        # Having IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET in the environment causes problems
+        # with some cross-building toolchains, because it introduces implicit
+        # behavior into clang.
+        unset IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET
+
+        # Now that we know CC etc., we can create a meson cross-configuration file
+        create_meson_cross_config
+    fi
 fi
 
 wrap_wheel_builder build

.github/workflows/wheels-test.ps1

@@ -9,17 +9,18 @@ if ("$venv" -like "*\cibw-run-*\pp*-win_amd64\*") {
     C:\vc_redist.x64.exe /install /quiet /norestart | Out-Null
 }
 $env:path += ";$pillow\winbuild\build\bin\"
-& "$venv\Scripts\activate.ps1"
+if (Test-Path $venv\Scripts\pypy.exe) {
-& reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\python.exe" /v "GlobalFlag" /t REG_SZ /d "0x02000000" /f
+  $python = "pypy.exe"
-if ("$venv" -like "*\cibw-run-*-win_amd64\*") {
+} else {
-  & python -m pip install numpy
+  $python = "python.exe"
 }
+& reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\python.exe" /v "GlobalFlag" /t REG_SZ /d "0x02000000" /f
 cd $pillow
-& python -VV
+& $venv\Scripts\$python -VV
 if (!$?) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
-& python selftest.py
+& $venv\Scripts\$python selftest.py
 if (!$?) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
-& python -m pytest -vx Tests\check_wheel.py
+& $venv\Scripts\$python -m pytest -vv -x checks\check_wheel.py
 if (!$?) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
-& python -m pytest -vx Tests
+& $venv\Scripts\$python -m pytest -vv -x Tests
 if (!$?) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }

.github/workflows/wheels-test.sh

@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ else
     yum install -y fribidi
 fi
 
-python3 -m pip install numpy
-
 if [ ! -d "test-images-main" ]; then
     curl -fsSL -o pillow-test-images.zip https://github.com/python-pillow/test-images/archive/main.zip
     unzip pillow-test-images.zip
@@ -35,5 +33,5 @@ fi
 
 # Runs tests
 python3 selftest.py
-python3 -m pytest Tests/check_wheel.py
+python3 -m pytest -vv -x checks/check_wheel.py
-python3 -m pytest
+python3 -m pytest -vv -x

.github/workflows/wheels.yml

@@ -51,40 +51,60 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           - name: "macOS 10.10 x86_64"
+            platform: macos
             os: macos-13
             cibw_arch: x86_64
             build: "cp3{9,10,11}*"
             macosx_deployment_target: "10.10"
           - name: "macOS 10.13 x86_64"
+            platform: macos
             os: macos-13
             cibw_arch: x86_64
-            build: "cp3{12,13}*"
+            build: "cp3{12,13,14}*"
             macosx_deployment_target: "10.13"
           - name: "macOS 10.15 x86_64"
+            platform: macos
             os: macos-13
             cibw_arch: x86_64
             build: "pp3*"
             macosx_deployment_target: "10.15"
           - name: "macOS arm64"
+            platform: macos
             os: macos-latest
             cibw_arch: arm64
             macosx_deployment_target: "11.0"
           - name: "manylinux2014 and musllinux x86_64"
+            platform: linux
             os: ubuntu-latest
             cibw_arch: x86_64
           - name: "manylinux_2_28 x86_64"
+            platform: linux
             os: ubuntu-latest
             cibw_arch: x86_64
             build: "*manylinux*"
             manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
           - name: "manylinux2014 and musllinux aarch64"
+            platform: linux
             os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
             cibw_arch: aarch64
           - name: "manylinux_2_28 aarch64"
+            platform: linux
             os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
             cibw_arch: aarch64
             build: "*manylinux*"
             manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
+          - name: "iOS arm64 device"
+            platform: ios
+            os: macos-latest
+            cibw_arch: arm64_iphoneos
+          - name: "iOS arm64 simulator"
+            platform: ios
+            os: macos-latest
+            cibw_arch: arm64_iphonesimulator
+          - name: "iOS x86_64 simulator"
+            platform: ios
+            os: macos-13
+            cibw_arch: x86_64_iphonesimulator
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -103,6 +123,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
         env:
+          CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.platform }}
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
           CIBW_BUILD: ${{ matrix.build }}
           CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading pypy
@@ -110,25 +131,27 @@ jobs:
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
-          CIBW_SKIP: pp39-*
           MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: ${{ matrix.macosx_deployment_target }}
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: dist-${{ matrix.os }}${{ matrix.macosx_deployment_target && format('-{0}', matrix.macosx_deployment_target) }}-${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}${{ matrix.manylinux && format('-{0}', matrix.manylinux) }}
+          name: dist-${{ matrix.name }}
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 
   windows:
     if: github.event_name != 'schedule' || github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow'
     name: Windows ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
-    runs-on: windows-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
           - cibw_arch: x86
+            os: windows-latest
           - cibw_arch: AMD64
+            os: windows-latest
           - cibw_arch: ARM64
+            os: windows-11-arm
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -185,7 +208,6 @@ jobs:
           CIBW_BEFORE_ALL: "{package}\\winbuild\\build\\build_dep_all.cmd"
           CIBW_CACHE_PATH: "C:\\cibw"
           CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading pypy
-          CIBW_SKIP: pp39-*
           CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*-win_arm64"
           CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: 'docker run --rm
             -v {project}:C:\pillow
@@ -240,7 +262,7 @@ jobs:
           path: dist
           merge-multiple: true
       - name: Upload wheels to scientific-python-nightly-wheels
-        uses: scientific-python/upload-nightly-action@82396a2ed4269ba06c6b2988bb4fd568ef3c3d6b # 0.6.1
+        uses: scientific-python/upload-nightly-action@b36e8c0c10dbcfd2e05bf95f17ef8c14fd708dbf # 0.6.2
         with:
           artifacts_path: dist
           anaconda_nightly_upload_token: ${{ secrets.ANACONDA_ORG_UPLOAD_TOKEN }}

.github/zizmor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Configuration for the zizmor static analysis tool, run via pre-commit in CI
+# https://woodruffw.github.io/zizmor/configuration/
+rules:
+  unpinned-uses:
+    config:
+      policies:
+        "*": ref-pin

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.9.9
+    rev: v0.12.2
     hooks:
-      - id: ruff
+      - id: ruff-check
         args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ repos:
       - id: black
 
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit
-    rev: 1.8.3
+    rev: 1.8.6
     hooks:
     - id: bandit
       args: [--severity-level=high]
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ repos:
     rev: v1.5.5
     hooks:
       - id: remove-tabs
-        exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.gd$|\.opt$)
+        exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.gd$|\.opt$|\.patch$)
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: v19.1.7
+    rev: v20.1.7
     hooks:
       - id: clang-format
         types: [c]
@@ -44,20 +44,21 @@ repos:
       - id: check-json
       - id: check-toml
       - id: check-yaml
+        args: [--allow-multiple-documents]
       - id: end-of-file-fixer
-        exclude: ^Tests/images/
+        exclude: ^Tests/images/|\.patch$
       - id: trailing-whitespace
-        exclude: ^.github/.*TEMPLATE|^Tests/(fonts|images)/
+        exclude: ^.github/.*TEMPLATE|^Tests/(fonts|images)/|\.patch$
 
   - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-    rev: 0.31.2
+    rev: 0.33.2
     hooks:
       - id: check-github-workflows
       - id: check-readthedocs
       - id: check-renovate
 
   - repo: https://github.com/woodruffw/zizmor-pre-commit
-    rev: v1.4.1
+    rev: v1.11.0
     hooks:
       - id: zizmor
 
@@ -67,12 +68,12 @@ repos:
       - id: sphinx-lint
 
   - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt
-    rev: v2.5.1
+    rev: v2.6.0
     hooks:
       - id: pyproject-fmt
 
   - repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
-    rev: v0.23
+    rev: v0.24.1
     hooks:
       - id: validate-pyproject
         additional_dependencies: [trove-classifiers>=2024.10.12]

MANIFEST.in

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ include LICENSE
 include Makefile
 include tox.ini
 graft Tests
+graft checks
+graft patches
 graft src
 graft depends
 graft winbuild

Makefile

@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ doc html:
 htmlview:
 	$(MAKE) -C docs htmlview
 
+.PHONY: htmllive
+htmllive:
+	$(MAKE) -C docs htmllive
+
 .PHONY: doccheck
 doccheck:
 	$(MAKE) doc
@@ -43,6 +47,7 @@ help:
 	@echo "  docserve           run an HTTP server on the docs directory"
 	@echo "  html               make HTML docs"
 	@echo "  htmlview           open the index page built by the html target in your browser"
+	@echo "  htmllive           rebuild and reload HTML files in your browser"
 	@echo "  install            make and install"
 	@echo "  install-coverage   make and install with C coverage"
 	@echo "  lint               run the lint checks"
@@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ debug:
 
 .PHONY: release-test
 release-test:
-	python3 Tests/check_release_notes.py
+	python3 checks/check_release_notes.py
 	python3 -m pip install -e .[tests]
 	python3 selftest.py
 	python3 -m pytest Tests
@@ -92,13 +97,27 @@ test:
 	python3 -c "import pytest" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install pytest
 	python3 -m pytest -qq
 
+.PHONY: test-p
+test-p:
+	python3 -c "import xdist" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install pytest-xdist
+	python3 -m pytest -qq -n auto
+
+
 .PHONY: valgrind
 valgrind:
 	python3 -c "import pytest_valgrind" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install pytest-valgrind
-	PYTHONMALLOC=malloc valgrind --suppressions=Tests/oss-fuzz/python.supp --leak-check=no \
+	PILLOW_VALGRIND_TEST=true PYTHONMALLOC=malloc valgrind --suppressions=Tests/oss-fuzz/python.supp --leak-check=no \
             --log-file=/tmp/valgrind-output \
             python3 -m pytest --no-memcheck -vv --valgrind --valgrind-log=/tmp/valgrind-output
 
+.PHONY: valgrind-leak
+valgrind-leak:
+	python3 -c "import pytest_valgrind" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install pytest-valgrind
+	PILLOW_VALGRIND_TEST=true PYTHONMALLOC=malloc valgrind --suppressions=Tests/oss-fuzz/python.supp \
+	    --leak-check=full --show-leak-kinds=definite --errors-for-leak-kinds=definite \
+            --log-file=/tmp/valgrind-output \
+            python3 -m pytest -vv --valgrind --valgrind-log=/tmp/valgrind-output
+
 .PHONY: readme
 readme:
 	python3 -c "import markdown2" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install markdown2

README.md

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ This library provides extensive file format support, an efficient internal repre
 
 The core image library is designed for fast access to data stored in a few basic pixel formats. It should provide a solid foundation for a general image processing tool.
 
-## More Information
+## More information
 
 - [Documentation](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/)
   - [Installation](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation/basic-installation.html)
@@ -107,6 +107,6 @@ The core image library is designed for fast access to data stored in a few basic
 - [Changelog](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases)
   - [Pre-fork](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/CHANGES.rst#pre-fork)
 
-## Report a Vulnerability
+## Report a vulnerability
 
 To report a security vulnerability, please follow the procedure described in the [Tidelift security policy](https://tidelift.com/docs/security).

RELEASING.md

@@ -1,34 +1,15 @@
-# Release Checklist
+# Release checklist
 
 See https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/versioning.html for
 information about how the version numbers line up with releases.
 
-## Main Release
+## Main release
 
 Released quarterly on January 2nd, April 1st, July 1st and October 15th.
 
-* [ ] Open a release ticket e.g. https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/3154
+* [ ] Create a new issue and select the "Maintainers only: Release" template.
-* [ ] Develop and prepare release in `main` branch.
+
-* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) to confirm passing tests in `main` branch.
+## Point release
-* [ ] Check that all the wheel builds pass the tests in the [GitHub Actions "Wheels" workflow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml) jobs by manually triggering them.
-* [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/), update version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
-* [ ] Run pre-release check via `make release-test` in a freshly cloned repo.
-* [ ] Create branch and tag for release e.g.:
-  ```bash
-  git branch 5.2.x
-  git tag 5.2.0
-  git push --tags
-  ```
-* [ ] Check the [GitHub Actions "Wheels" workflow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml)
-  has passed, including the "Upload release to PyPI" job. This will have been triggered
-  by the new tag.
-* [ ] Publish the [release on GitHub](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases).
-* [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/),
-      increment and append `.dev0` to version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py` and then:
-  ```bash
-  git push --all
-   ```
-## Point Release
 
 Released as needed for security, installation or critical bug fixes.
 
@@ -58,7 +39,7 @@ Released as needed for security, installation or critical bug fixes.
   git push
   ```
 
-## Embargoed Release
+## Embargoed release
 
 Released as needed privately to individual vendors for critical security-related bug fixes.
 
@@ -82,7 +63,7 @@ Released as needed privately to individual vendors for critical security-related
   git push origin 2.5.x
   ```
 
-## Publicize Release
+## Publicize release
 
 * [ ] Announce release availability via [Mastodon](https://fosstodon.org/@pillow) e.g. https://fosstodon.org/@pillow/110639450470725321
 
@@ -90,7 +71,7 @@ Released as needed privately to individual vendors for critical security-related
 
 * [ ] Make sure the [default version for Read the Docs](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) is up-to-date with the release changes
 
-## Docker Images
+## Docker images
 
 * [ ] Update Pillow in the Docker Images repository
   ```bash

Tests/README.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Pillow Tests
+Pillow tests
 ============
 
 Test scripts are named ``test_xxx.py``. Helper classes and functions can be found in ``helper.py``.

Tests/check_wheel.py

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import sys
-
-from PIL import features
-
-
-def test_wheel_modules() -> None:
-    expected_modules = {"pil", "tkinter", "freetype2", "littlecms2", "webp"}
-
-    # tkinter is not available in cibuildwheel installed CPython on Windows
-    try:
-        import tkinter
-
-        assert tkinter
-    except ImportError:
-        expected_modules.remove("tkinter")
-
-    assert set(features.get_supported_modules()) == expected_modules
-
-
-def test_wheel_codecs() -> None:
-    expected_codecs = {"jpg", "jpg_2000", "zlib", "libtiff"}
-
-    assert set(features.get_supported_codecs()) == expected_codecs
-
-
-def test_wheel_features() -> None:
-    expected_features = {
-        "webp_anim",
-        "webp_mux",
-        "transp_webp",
-        "raqm",
-        "fribidi",
-        "harfbuzz",
-        "libjpeg_turbo",
-        "zlib_ng",
-        "xcb",
-    }
-
-    if sys.platform == "win32":
-        expected_features.remove("xcb")
-
-    assert set(features.get_supported_features()) == expected_features

Tests/helper.py

@@ -161,6 +161,12 @@ def assert_tuple_approx_equal(
             pytest.fail(msg + ": " + repr(actuals) + " != " + repr(targets))
 
 
+def timeout_unless_slower_valgrind(timeout: float) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
+    if "PILLOW_VALGRIND_TEST" in os.environ:
+        return pytest.mark.pil_noop_mark()
+    return pytest.mark.timeout(timeout)
+
+
 def skip_unless_feature(feature: str) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
     reason = f"{feature} not available"
     return pytest.mark.skipif(not features.check(feature), reason=reason)
@@ -265,17 +271,13 @@ def _cached_hopper(mode: str) -> Image.Image:
         im = hopper("L")
     else:
         im = hopper()
-    if mode.startswith("BGR;"):
+    try:
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+        im = im.convert(mode)
-            im = im.convert(mode)
+    except ImportError:
-    else:
+        if mode == "LAB":
-        try:
+            im = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.Lab.tif")
-            im = im.convert(mode)
+        else:
-        except ImportError:
+            raise
-            if mode == "LAB":
-                im = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.Lab.tif")
-            else:
-                raise
     return im
 
 

Tests/images/hopper_bpp2.xpm

@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+/* XPM */
+static const char *hopper[] = {
+/* columns rows colors chars-per-pixel */
+"128 128 256 2 ",
+"   c #0C0C0D",
+".  c #0A0708",
+"X  c #1C0A04",
+"o  c #120B0C",
+"O  c #170808",
+"+  c #0B110D",
+"@  c #16120C",
+"#  c #0D0D12",
+"$  c #0D0D1A",
+"%  c #070A16",
+"&  c #120D13",
+"*  c #120E1A",
+"=  c #1A0C16",
+"-  c #0D1114",
+";  c #0D121B",
+":  c #091518",
+">  c #131215",
+",  c #14131B",
+"<  c #1A141C",
+"1  c #1B191D",
+"2  c #191517",
+"3  c #250906",
+"4  c #390904",
+"5  c #27150A",
+"6  c #250A18",
+"7  c #251719",
+"8  c #361410",
+"9  c #342215",
+"0  c #0C0C24",
+"q  c #0C0D2B",
+"w  c #060927",
+"e  c #130D24",
+"r  c #150D2A",
+"t  c #0C1225",
+"y  c #0C122C",
+"u  c #061227",
+"i  c #151422",
+"p  c #1A1522",
+"a  c #1C1B23",
+"s  c #13132C",
+"d  c #19172A",
+"f  c #0C0D35",
+"g  c #130E37",
+"h  c #0D1436",
+"j  c #131333",
+"k  c #13143C",
+"l  c #191838",
+"z  c #241926",
+"x  c #231B38",
+"c  c #2E1226",
+"v  c #372628",
+"b  c #292538",
+"n  c #362B37",
+"m  c #2F2A2F",
+"M  c #1A2233",
+"N  c #4C150D",
+"B  c #740F10",
+"V  c #512916",
+"C  c #793419",
+"Z  c #6D2C13",
+"A  c #4E1524",
+"S  c #741624",
+"D  c #4E332E",
+"F  c #6F3629",
+"G  c #574438",
+"H  c #744831",
+"J  c #775A2E",
+"K  c #0E1444",
+"L  c #141443",
+"P  c #1B1A44",
+"I  c #14144B",
+"U  c #1A1B4C",
+"Y  c #181747",
+"T  c #1B1B53",
+"R  c #181955",
+"E  c #0F0E44",
+"W  c #231C46",
+"Q  c #231C56",
+"!  c #1C234E",
+"~  c #272547",
+"^  c #2E2F52",
+"/  c #2E3765",
+"(  c #483947",
+")  c #742D4A",
+"_  c #364970",
+"`  c #534A51",
+"'  c #6E534D",
+"]  c #756654",
+"[  c #53556D",
+"{  c #6B5B69",
+"}  c #746B71",
+"|  c #5E616A",
+" . c #880C15",
+".. c #881217",
+"X. c #8D0D0F",
+"o. c #8B3218",
+"O. c #8C3828",
+"+. c #AC2F30",
+"@. c #9A1825",
+"#. c #CE202B",
+"$. c #8A452A",
+"%. c #974A2B",
+"&. c #884934",
+"*. c #954B35",
+"=. c #995539",
+"-. c #895736",
+";. c #A75738",
+":. c #A84E30",
+">. c #996839",
+",. c #B6683B",
+"<. c #AE6835",
+"1. c #A35419",
+"2. c #D26D19",
+"3. c #CC712E",
+"4. c #CD6922",
+"5. c #A83152",
+"6. c #985845",
+"7. c #8A5748",
+"8. c #AE5A46",
+"9. c #916A4F",
+"0. c #A96647",
+"q. c #B76947",
+"w. c #BA744A",
+"e. c #B97757",
+"r. c #AB6F53",
+"t. c #8D736D",
+"y. c #B27669",
+"u. c #91566F",
+"i. c #C56B4A",
+"p. c #C8764B",
+"a. c #C87856",
+"s. c #D47A59",
+"d. c #C96E53",
+"f. c #C77C64",
+"g. c #D17969",
+"h. c #D45D68",
+"j. c #C52A46",
+"k. c #D58932",
+"l. c #B38355",
+"z. c #968775",
+"x. c #BA8667",
+"c. c #B38C74",
+"v. c #AB9C73",
+"b. c #C9845A",
+"n. c #D7855B",
+"m. c #D39454",
+"M. c #E28C5B",
+"N. c #F7B251",
+"B. c #C78867",
+"V. c #D98866",
+"C. c #D8956A",
+"Z. c #C79878",
+"A. c #D89876",
+"S. c #CD8C70",
+"D. c #E38A68",
+"F. c #E5956A",
+"G. c #E79776",
+"H. c #ED9176",
+"J. c #D6A371",
+"K. c #E8A379",
+"L. c #F3A677",
+"P. c #D8A05D",
+"I. c #3D65AB",
+"U. c #3F67B2",
+"Y. c #3B5C9C",
+"T. c #506796",
+"R. c #72748D",
+"E. c #446AAE",
+"W. c #4869A9",
+"Q. c #4166B2",
+"!. c #436BB3",
+"~. c #496EB4",
+"^. c #476DB9",
+"/. c #4A71B6",
+"(. c #4C73BA",
+"). c #4772B6",
+"_. c #5176BC",
+"`. c #547BBD",
+"'. c #577BB7",
+"]. c #5572A9",
+"[. c #6B7CAA",
+"{. c #505B8C",
+"}. c #557CC1",
+"|. c #4C73C2",
+" X c #897987",
+".X c #9F7593",
+"XX c #C46B87",
+"oX c #5981BF",
+"OX c #5884BD",
+"+X c #768AB9",
+"@X c #7288B5",
+"#X c #5C83C3",
+"$X c #5D8AC5",
+"%X c #6186C5",
+"&X c #648AC6",
+"*X c #6B8DC6",
+"=X c #668BC9",
+"-X c #6B8ECA",
+";X c #6586C6",
+":X c #738DC7",
+">X c #6D91CB",
+",X c #6C94C6",
+"<X c #7294CC",
+"1X c #7895C8",
+"2X c #6E92D1",
+"3X c #7294D3",
+"4X c #7698D5",
+"5X c #708ED1",
+"6X c #7799E3",
+"7X c #9B9399",
+"8X c #928890",
+"9X c #B89887",
+"0X c #A99191",
+"qX c #B9A598",
+"wX c #B1A394",
+"eX c #8C8EAA",
+"rX c #AB9AA6",
+"tX c #ABA4A9",
+"yX c #B7A9A8",
+"uX c #B7ABB4",
+"iX c #B6AFB7",
+"pX c #C69B86",
+"aX c #D4978B",
+"sX c #EF9C83",
+"dX c #CAA487",
+"fX c #D7A787",
+"gX c #C7A899",
+"hX c #D1B294",
+"jX c #E9A887",
+"kX c #F8A886",
+"lX c #F9B798",
+"zX c #F1B291",
+"xX c #C9B3AD",
+"cX c #F4B9A5",
+"vX c #D497B3",
+"bX c #D5C6B1",
+"nX c #FEC4A6",
+"mX c #EAD0B2",
+"MX c #EDD1A4",
+"NX c #8399C8",
+"BX c #B2B4CD",
+"VX c #C7BBC7",
+"CX c #D3CBCF",
+"ZX c #ECDAD1",
+"AX c #F6E6DA",
+"SX c #F7EACF",
+"DX c #D1D1E9",
+"FX c #E7DDE4",
+"GX c #E9E5E8",
+"HX c #F7EAE6",
+"JX c #FDF6E9",
+"KX c #FEFCFE",
+"LX c #FAF7F7",
+"PX c #F1EBF6",
+"IX c #DCE2E5",
+"UX c #BEC5DF",
+/* pixels */
+"L k f k P l y j T R I I U U L U R Q T L E E E R R R E U j } GX9XfXpXxXR.j ~ ~ = V Z.G > b R.DXPXLXHXHXHXHXCX~ / T.Y.T.T.W.T.W.E.Q.I.E.I.I.E.E.I.I.I.I.I.Y.I.Q.^.Q.E.E.E.E.Q.Q.~.U.U.U.U.U.U.Q.Q.U.U.U.U.U.U.Q.Q.Q.Q.U.U.U.Q.~.~.Q.U.Q.~.^._._._._._._._._.(.(.(.",
+"L k f L L k y h T R I L U U L U R R T L E E E R I R I U l  XuX' fXV v [ / P h z V Z.G a y l [ 7XCXHXJXHXHXCXb ! {.{.T.{._ _ {.T.W.W.T.T.W.I.I.U.U.I.I.E.W.I.I.Q.Q.E.E.E.Q.Q.~.~.~.U.U.U.U.Q.Q.Q.Q.U.U.U.U.U.Q.~.~.~.U.U.U.U.U.Q.~.Q.Q.Q.~.~._._._.'.`._._._._._.",
+"L k f L L k 0 h T T I E U U L T T T U L h h E U R R E U W R.{ D pXF z l L U ^ p F fXD i P W Y ~ n CXHXHXHXFX8Xl W ~ ~ l ^ b b ^ ^ / [ T.W._.U.^.U.U.Q.E.W.W.~.^.E.E.E.~.~.Q.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.Q.Q.Q.Q.U.U.U.U.U.U.~.Q.U.U.U.U.U.U.^.~.~.Q.~.~._._.`.`.`.`._._.|.|.",
+"k k f L L k 0 h U T L h I U I T T T U k h k E U Q I E U k ` m ' hXV z k U I Q d V fX( j L U W W z VXLX8X XuX( z b x d `  X X` n n b b ! {.W.~.I.Q.Q.Q.E.W.].~.I.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.Q.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.Q.Q.Q.U.U.U.U.U.Q.U.U.~.~.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.Q.~._._._._._._._._.|.|.",
+"k k f L L k q j U T L h U U I T R T U k h h E I E R I I k b p ' Z.V z k ! T U p H Z.c k U L U W n CXCXn z = c c v 7X8X` 8XPX} c R.tX` n b / {.].W.~.~.E.W.E.~.^.~.~.~.~.^.~.~.~.~.~.E.E.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.U.U.~.U.~.~.~.~.~.Q.U.Q.~.~.E.~.~./././.(.(.(.(.(.(.",
+"h k h P L k q j U T L h U U I T R T U h h h E E I R I E k d p ' dXV x P U L L z J fXv l L L P j n IX` m = = 7 ' HXLXKXCX7XKXtXrXLXKXJXqXv n ^ {.T.T.T.W.].E.Q.^.~.~.~.~.^.^.~.~.E.E.E.E.E.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.U.U.~.~.~.~.U.U.U.U.Q.Q.~.~.E.~.~.E.~.~.~./././.(.(.",
+"j k k P Y k q h U U k h U R I R R T U h h h E E R R E I Y d d ' Z.V p L ! ! Y = H Z.v j h ! l b n iXtX7Xa p t.LXZX0XHXPXKXKXPXLXLXCXbXAXVXn m 8XVXeX[.T.W.W.^.^.~.~.~.^.^.^.^.~.E.E.E.E.E.~.U.U.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.U.I.I.I.~.~.Q.Q.~.~.~.~.E.~.~.~./.(.(.(.(.",
+"j k k U P k 0 y L U k h U R I R T Q T E f E E E E I I I f k z ` Z.V d U T L P z >.B.c j l l l } IXKXKX8Xp ` t.` t.' G ] tXIXIXwX] ' z.t.` { c n PXKXLXUX+X].E.~.~.~.~.~.^.^.^.~.Q.E.E.E.E.U.U.U.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.I.I.I.I.~.~.~.Q.Q.Q.~.~.~.~.~.~.~./.(.(.(.(.",
+"j k R.~ k k q q Y T k f Q T I I I Q I L E L E E R I I E f d x ` dXV d T T T U z -.Z.c b s b CXLXKXLXKX} z 7 7 z.hXSXSXz.AXbXmXbX0XJXmXmX` 1 n b iXKXLXLXLXDX@XT.].W.E.(.U.|.^.^.~.~.W.E.~.~.~.~.~.~.U.~.~.~.~.~.~.U.I.I.I.U.~.~.Q.~.~.~.~.E.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.^.^.",
+"j ~ DX[ W q s q Q I f h Q L R R R R I I L f E I I I I L P d x ` dXV d R R T Y z -.Z.7 0 ` GXLXKXJXLXJX` 7 7 7 t.hXMXmXJXLXJXJXJXJXSXSXmX' n z b 7XKXKXPXKXLXPXBX].T.W./.^.^.U.|.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.^.~.U.U.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.U.U.I.U.~.~.~.~.~.~.E.E.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.^.^.",
+"r x DXIX~ s $ b L U L L Y Q L I I I T L f L U E T T L k k d x ` dXV x T R U L p 9.Z.7 | KXKXLXLXJXSXZXD v 7 7 D mXMXmXSXZXZXCXZXAXZXdXmXG v n n 7XKXLXKXKXKXLXKXDX[.T.]./.I.}.U.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.U.~.U.U.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.U.~.~.~.~.^.^.^.^.",
+"r b CXPX X[ iX[ Y U L k P [.~ k U T U L f f f L I U U k f d x ` dXV z T T U L z 9.x.D LXHXJXJXZXqXqXmXD @ 7 7 9 ] mXbXJXKXKXKXLXJXJXMXv.9 7 7 7 } HXKXKXHXLXJXLXKXDX[.T.W.(.~.^.Q.Q.E.E.E.~.U.U.~.U.U.U.~.U.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.U.~.~.~.~.~.^.^.^.",
+"d x VXKXPXGXCX` P U L Y ~ BX| l k P k k k P w k h L L P j d d ( dXZ z P ! L k z 9.B.mXJXJXSX9Xz.t.D 5 5 5 7 7 9 hXmXv.mXLXKXKXKXJXSXv.mX] v c v D t.xXZXJXJXJXLXPXKXUXT.W.E.~.~.Q.Q.E.E.E.E.Q.Q.~.I.I.~.~.E.E.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.I.~.~.U.U.~.~.~.~.^.^.^.(.",
+"x 8XGXPXHXHXtXb k U U k l CXtXd b ~ | {.j q k f P / h k k d d ( dXF < k ! L k z 7.zXSXJXSXt.] V 3 3 X 5 @ 2 c 7 z.v.bXSXAXKXLXLXZXmXhXMX' 7 n 7 9 3 8 ] qXZXJXLXLXKXPX@X].W.I.^.~.~.~.E.E.~.~.~.E.I.E.~.~.E.E.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.U.U.U.~.~.~.~.^.^.(.(.",
+"uXGXHXLXJXAX} & W Q g g ~ DXCX` [ VXDX[ s j s y ^ eX~ j j d l ( pXF 7 k ! L L z 7.nXJXAX] D 3 3 3 X ' ] 7 1 = 9 t.SXSXMX9XZXJXJXxXmXSXSXJ v v 7 9 ] 9 9 5 ' 9XxXJXHXGXDX{.'.).~.~.~.E.E.E.E.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.E.I.~.~.~.~.~.~.I.I.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.U.~.U.U.~.~.^.(.(.(.",
+"iXFXPXLXLXLXyX( k W k ~ b CXGXFXPXGXtXl l s 0 j ^ DX` d d d x D pXF z P T L P z ' AXAXz.5 X 3 9.] 9 5 v.5 G ` 9 J hXhXhXmX9X' ] qXhXhXMX] 9 D 9 G z.5 ] t.8 8 G wXHXPXIX[.T.W.].~.~.~.~.E.E.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.E.E.~.I.~.~.~.~.I.I.I.~.~.~.~.U.U.U.~.U.U.U.~.^.(.(.(.",
+"d n } LXLXCXVX[ W W d ` tXHXAXAXHXIX^ x j l w s ` GX7X7 n } ~ D dXH p k ! P k l ` xX8X2 @ 5 7 gXbXhXhXv.hXmXSXmXMX9.J 5 5 V 9 9 9 V G dXhXSXSXdXhXl.MXMXdXV J V 9 wXLXFXtXR.T.T.W.~.^.~./.E.E.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.).~.~.~.^.^.^.^.~.^.(.(.(.",
+"d d [ LXVX( ^ ~ k ^ 7XFXLXHXJXHXAX} x l k w l i ` GXCX8XbX Xx v Z.H z k ! P d d i . & @ . 2 7 v z.v.V dXmXdXZ.mXSXSXSXbXt.` 7 D ] bXJXSXSXSXMXSXSXl.hXMXhXmXMXV 5 v xXxX} ^ ! {.W.~.^.U.).E.E.E.~.~.E.E.~.~.~.E.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.).).).).(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.",
+"f ~ ` PXR.l l j Y ~ { uXFXLXJXHXFXuX~ W f f d a } HXZXxXyXn d n Z.H 7 j P l j r p & o @ @ @ o 7 X 9 D ] V 5 hXbXqXv.] G D ` n ` G ' 0X9XmXmXz.G 9.9.3 8 ] hXgX9XwXv D z > $ l ! W.~.^.U.).E.~.E.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.^.~.)./.(././.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.",
+"g W ^ DX( l l q L W r b ` CXLXLXPXPXR.k k ^ | 8XCXHXbXxX{ < d v Z.J 7 j l d r * . > 2 o . @ 2 = 7 X X 5 D 5 5 5 9 9 9 @ 7 7 2 v 7 7 v 9 v V D G qXgXxXD 3 3 ' z.D 9 2 > 1 # d u Y.W.~.~.).E.W.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.^.~.)././././.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.",
+"U U / eXP P l f L L d r b CXPXR. XUXDX/ k ~ ` 7XCXZXZXyXv p k v B.-.o d l i * * & o o 2 @ . & . < & o 7 o 7 2 @ @ @ 7 2 v < z < z 7 2 7 9 7 5 9 ] z.ZXCX` 7 5 X @ @ & . o # % u _ W.E.E.E.E.E././././././.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~././.(.(./.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.",
+"f U ~ / L U k f U Y k x d DXVX~ x W {.[ f d 2 7 t.ZXZXxX} x k z x.-.3 d a $ & & . 2 o . @ . # p # , & . > & o z 7 2 2 2 o & < & < . > 7 > 7 7 7 v ' m 7 @ 2 . @ . + . > . > % y _ W.E.E.E.E.~./././.(.(././.~.~.(.(.~./.~.~.~.~.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.(.",
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+"bXqX( z = p & ` } p d d 0 s q k q h j $ 6 c A &.y.gXxXxXyXqXgXhXP.P.B.fXzXZ.9.H H =.x.9.V V e.C.C.F.kXs.i.d.s.d.%.o.o.o.o.o.:.:.o.o.o.o.o.o.o.:.q.d.D.F.kXF.n.B.B.C *.c.c.z.eX+X:X:X-X5X-X-X>X>X-X-X>X-X-X-X-X>X>X>X>X-X-X>X>X>X-X*X*X*X*X*X-X*X*X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X",
+"ZXxX.Xz z = . ` n x d s l q q h f j s r = A S S r.9XgXyXxXqXgXfXC.F.m.fXfXe.6.H F V D D V N 0.b.V.G.L.L.i.i.:.O.o.%.:.;.8.8.+.+.:.d.H.D.s.D.n.a.i.s.n.L.L.F.S.Z.e.H -.y.qXtX@X,X*X-X5X5X5X>X>X>X>X,X,X,X,X,X-X-X<X>X,X*X>X>X*X*X-X-X-X>X-X-X-X*X*X-X-X-X-X-X-X2X",
+"0XyXuX( = p . { ^ * d j j h y s r j s r 6 A S B 6.pXgXyXgXgXgXfXF.F.m.jXZ.0.>.;.Z N 3 9 v V =.b.b.n.G.L.V.p.a.p.s.s.g.H.sXsXH.sXsXH.G.sXH.D.s.n.V.p.F.L.F.n.A.B.9.H 9.c.yXtX+X+X-X2X5X5X5X-X>X>X>X>X,X,X>X>X-X-X>X,X,X*X*X*X*X>X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X>X",
+"` = { } z & < 7X{ * d r q j 0 s s r y r 6 A S B ..g.gXgXgXgXgXfXF.P.B.fXZ.>.;.,.<.Z N N N N F w.p.n.L.F.n.p.M.n.s.n.n.V.H.sXsXH.H.D.H.V.d.p.n.F.F.p.F.L.n.n.B.x.-.H 9.0XtXeX+X<X2X>X>X>X*X,X>X>X>X>X>X>X>X-X-X-X*X*X,X*X*X*X*X,X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X>X",
+"z p r z r * & }  Xx d r r s 0 s s s t * 6 N S B B r.gXgXgXgXhXfXP.P.B.J.Z.0.,.<.3.3.<.Z N N Z 0.a.b.V.F.M.3.n.M.s.p.p.p.i.q.8.;.:.:.8.q.p.D.F.V.V.a.M.M.M.a.B.r.J -.t.8X7X@X:X<X2X>X>X,X,X,X>X>X<X>X>X>X>X>X-X-X*X*X*X*X*X*X*X*X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X",
+"i d r s r * $ < } b d r d r 0 d y s i & 3 N B B B O.aXgXgXgXhXA.P.P.l.J.Z.0.,.<.3.2.k.k.<.Z N *.w.p.p.F.n.p.n.n.F.D.n.d.,.;.;.;.;.:.;.<.p.n.n.p.V.V.n.n.s.a.y.7.7.9.} 8XeX:X<X-X<X>X>X>X>X>X<X5X<X<X>X>X>X>X>X>X<X>X*X*X*X*X*X*X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X",
+"y q j q $ r * * b x d r d q i i t i = 6 N B B B B ..h.aXgXgXhXZ.P.m.b.J.A.>.<.<.3.2.2.2.3.1.B *.q.n.p.p.,.n.D.s.p.s.s.a.V.G.G.G.D.V.V.a.p.p.p.n.C.V.s.D.i.a.y.H 9.t.} eX+X1X<X>X>X>X,X>X>X<X3X5X<X<X<X>X>X>X>X>X<X>X>X*X>X>X>X*X>X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X",
+"l w h l s $ . & $ i s q j q y 0 t * 6 A B B B B B  .+.aXaXaXgXZ.P.m.b.K.A.<.,.3.4.2.2.2.4.1...O.d.w.q.a.n.n.D.F.F.D.V.H.zXzXzXzXzXL.kXkXL.L.L.L.C.a.n.d.s.q.B.' } 8XeX+X+X,X,X,X,X,X,X>X2X3X3X3X<X<X<X<X>X<X<X<X<X<X>X>X>X>X>X>X>X>X>X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X",
+"y l h s $ $ * & i 0 j f h q t ; , o 4 A S  .B B B .. .g.aXaXgXZ.m.P.m.G.C.q.3.4.4.2.2.2.4.4.o.o.s.q.p.p.V.a.n.V.s.D.D.D.L.lXlXlXzXH.kXkXL.L.F.L.B.b.a.;.a.e.c.t.} eXeX+X>X>X,X,X,X,X,X2X2X3X3X3X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X>X>X<X>X>X>X>X<X>X>X>X>X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X",
+"y h j s r $ # # i t q y h q t , = c A S  . .B B  .X...+.aXpXpXx.k.N.m.n.n.,.p.4.4.2.2.2.4.3.Z B e.b.q.w.p.b.p.n.n.M.n.n.F.F.L.kXH.G.kXzXkXL.C.C.e.0.;.q.q.r.y.t. XeX:X1X3X2X1X,X,X,X,X>X2X2X3X3X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X>X>X<X<X>X>X>X>X<X>X>X>X>X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X",
+"y s s s r $ # # $ d l q q q i = c A S ..X.X.B B  .X...@.f.S.aXe.k.N.k.p.p.<.3.4.3.2.2.2.3.,.Z F A.b.;.;.w.p.,.p.n.n.n.p.n.n.F.V.V.D.G.A.F.F.n.e.0.$.%.o.%.x.y.D 7X[.+X5X3X3X-X>X,X,X,X,X>X>X<X3X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X>X>X>X>X<X<X>X>X>X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X",
+"r s s i r $ # # ; d j q r d = 6 A S S ..X.X. .X. .....B :.S.aXe.k.N.k.<.<.<.3.<.2.2.2.k.<.$.8 gXaXB.r.%.$.%.%.;.a.n.b.a.s.e.e.q.e.g.B.f.a.a.q.=.F C Z C r.Z.t.o ^ R.+X5X3X6X6X2X>X,X,X,X>X>X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X>X>X>X<X<X<X<X>X>X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X",
+"r s s r r $ # - ; i q r r 6 6 A S S ....X.X. . . ..... .o.g.S.b.k.N.k.<.<.1.3.3.k.2.2.3.;.4 9 AXc.S.f.*.Z N Z C =.0.q.0.=.$.&.=.6.6.6.=.=.%.%.o.Z N Z r.B.Z.t.X < M T.:X5X3X3X4X3X<X,X,X,X,X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X>X>X>X>X<X<X<X>X>X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X",
+"s s s r r $ # - ; i r r 6 6 N S S  .X.X.X.X. .B  . . . .B i.V.b.k.N.k.<.<.:.3.3.3.4.k.<.4 X t.bX9.S.f.e.$.N N N Z F F Z V N V F F V N N Z Z C o.Z Z 0.B.B.Z.t.@ > $ y {.NX3X3X-X3X3X<X,X1X1X1X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X>X>X>X>X>X<X<X>X>X>X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X",
+"j j j r 0 $ # ; i p p 6 8 A S .. .X.X.X.X. . .B B B ..B X.:.D.,.k.N.k.1.:.%.p.<.,.<.-.8 X X wXgXH S.f.f.r.C C Z Z Z N 4 4 8 8 4 4 4 4 4 N C $.$.F 6.f.a.Z.Z.t.o . - $ y [ +X1X6X3X4X4X<X1X1X<X>X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X>X>X>X<X<X<X>X>X>X>X-X>X>X>X>X2X2X2X2X",
+"j j j q 0 $ # ; , * c c A S .. . .X.X.X.X. .B B B B .. .X.+.D.;.k.N.N.1.1.%.w.%.0.V 3 3 = & xXgXZ A.B.e.r.*.&.&.&.H V N 8 8 3 3 3 4 N V F =.6.*.*.0.e.B.B.pXz.X < # # ; % ^ @X,X>X3X4X3X1X<X>X>X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X1X<X<X<X<X<X>X>X<X<X<X<X>X>X>X>X>X>X>X>X2X2X2X2X",
+"j j j q 0 $ # - , z ( ) S S ..X. .X.X.X.X.X.B B B S B ..X.X.g.;.m.N.P.1.%.$.r.H 3 3 @ o * . CXmXV C.B.e.e.;.$.6.=.7.F V N 8 8 8 4 N V F &.6.6.*.6.f.e.B.B.mXt.o # , & . - + h _ @X:X1XNX1X<X4X4X<X<X<X<X<X3X<X<X4X4X4X4X1X<X>X>X<X<X<X<X<X<X3X3X>X>X>X>X>X2X2X2X",
+"s s d w r $ # . 7 } vXXXS ..X.X.X.X.X.X.X.B B B B B B X.....f.;.m.L.P.-.Z N 3 X o o # # # & CXZXF e.B.e.e.;.;.=.6.6.&.F Z V N 8 N N Z C =.6.*.*.0.f.e.B.hXZX} ; # # & & # # ; u w ! {.+XNX,X,X4X1X<X>X<X4X4X3X>X3X4X4X1X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X3X3X3X3X<X>X*X*X*X-X<X5X5X",
+"i r s r s $ . v 8XxXgXy.*...X.X. . .X.X.X. .B B B B X.X. .B y.r.0.>.Z 3 X X . . # # # # > @ CXZXF 0.A.e.0.q.;.=.;.=.O.O.C Z V V F C O.%.6.;.%.;.e.e.B.Z.SXAX| % # # # # # # # # ; t u h _ +XNX+X<X<X<X<X<X<X4X4X4X4X4X4X<X<X<X<X<X<X<X3X3X3X3X<X<X,X,X,X<X5X5X5X",
+"i r s s 0 # 2 } yXxX9Xy.g.O.....B ....X.X. .B B B B  .X...S F V 3 3 X X X @ & # # # # # & @ CXZXV -.B.C.a.<.;.;.;.*.O.&.F F F H &.O.$.=.8.=.%.0.q.e.B.hXAXAX` # # # # # # # # # ; % t l h u / [.1X1X1X1X1X1X<X<X1X>X>X4X4X<X1X4X<X<X3X3X3X3X3X>X<X<X,X,X<X<X5X5X",
+"d r s t % # 7 qXyXgX9Xc.aXr.@...B B  ... .B B B B B S B N 4 3 X X o o o . . # - # # # & = X xXHXD F S.V.w.w.;.<.;.=.$.&.F F F =.=.*.*.;.0.;.;.q.e.e.pXAXZXGXn # # # # # # . # # > , i t t y h h ^ T.+X+X+X1X1X<X4X1X4X4X4X>X>X>X<X<X3X3X3X3X3X2X<X<X,X,X<X<X5X5X",
+"d r 0 t ; , 7 qXxXgXqX9XgXaX8... . .....S B N 8 8 8 4 3 3 3 . . # # $ ; $ ; ; # # . . & = o tXHXhXV e.V.a.q.<.w.0.6.*.*.&.$.*.8.;.;.;.8.0.;.;.w.b.r.mXHXGXFX= > # # # # # # # # & # # i d i r t h w h {.eXNX1X1X,X,X1X1X1X<X>X4X<X<X3X3X3X3X3X3X<X>X,X,X<X<X5X5X",
+"r r y t ; 2 7 9XqXxXqXqXxXcXaXO.S S B N N 4 3 X @ X o o o & % % $ $ $ % % # - . . . o > & o  XFXHXt.&.f.a.,.w.<.q.0.=.&.*.*.=.8.;.:.;.0.q.;.;.e.0.pXAXZXPXVXo & # # # # # # # # & & < < , * , a i d y y l / T.+XNX1X1X1X,X,X1X4X<X<X3X3X3X2X2X2X>X>X>X-X5X<X5X5X",
+"r s y 0 # o 9 gXgXxXqXqXxXbXcX7.N 8 4 3 X @ . + - . . . . . # # . # > > > + + + . . . & # # | CXHXZXF 0.s.,.<.w.w.;.=.&.=.*.;.8.;.:.;.w.q.;.0.r.r.ZXAXGXGX} = o # # # # # # # # & & & < < < , < , i i i t y h h ^ _ ].+X1XNX1X,X1X<X<X<X3X3X2X>X2X>X-X-X5X5X5X5X",
+"s q q 0 , o 9 9XgXgXxXyXxXCXgXD 3 o o @ + + + . - . # - > # , . > . . . @ . . . . . . # # , | IXHXHXt.F e.a.,.<.w.;.=.&.=.%.;.8.;.;.;.q.;.=.=.-.hXAXHXGXGX` o & . # # . . . # # & < < * , < < > < < , , i d s y h l h h ! [ @XNX1X1X1X1X<X<X>X-X3X2X>X-X5X-X5X-X",
+"j q s 0 * o 9 9XgXxXxXyXtX X7 o o o . + . . . . & # # - - - - + + . . . o o . . > . # . # # ` IXFXLXZXF =.e.p.<.w.q.=.*.*.o.;.;.;.=.,.q.;.*.F c.ZXJXHXGXFX< & . . . # . . # # # # # * , i i , , < < < p i i i i s d l l y q l ! T.NX1X,X,X1X*X<X>X>X2X2X-X-X5X5X",
+"y y r r = o 5 9XqXbXwX7 2 2 . 2 & & & > # # & o & & # + + . . . . . . . o & & & # # , > - # n GXFXHXJXmX&.r.w.p.w.e.=.$.=.C $.$.$.=.%.w.;.C 9.ZXHXHXLXGX7X& $ # . . # . . . # # * , , , i i i i < < < < < p p p a i i d d s s j h ! T.NX1X,X,X*X<X>X2X2X-X-X5X5X",
+"0 s r r p & @ qXbXyX7 2 o & > & & = & & & # & # . . . . o o o o . . . # # & * * * * * , # & z FXPXHXLXAXZX6.a.s.e.e.6.*.=.C $.*.$.O.0.0.$.7.AXHXKXPXPXGXD . $ # . . . # # # # # * ; ; ; i i i i , < p p < < < < z < < p a p i r y h L _ @XeX1X,X<X<X3X>X-X-X-X-X",
+"i i $ r * & o wXxX` o < . # # # = = & & & & # - . . . . o o o o # # # # $ $ $ * * * * & . & 2 tXFXLXPXLXJXcX6.g.A.e.r.0.%.C *.&.$.&.e.0.H SXHXKXKXLXPXCX2 . # # & # # # . # # - # $ ; ; i t i i i i i i < < < < 7 < < < < < < p d s y h h ^ [.1X:X5X5X5X-X-X-X-X",
+"p = * * * & o 0XyXo 7 . $ 1 # > & & & & & > - - . . . . o o o o # # # $ $ $ $ $ $ # * * & & & ` FXGXKXKXLXJXpX6.B.B.b.e.=.$.r.&.&.y.r.H SXLXLXKXKXKXLX X& & & & > # # # # - - - # - ; i i i i i i i i i , , < < < < < < < < p a a x i t y h / NX:X5X5X5X-X-X-X-X",
+"v = * i # & = 0X' o . 1 , . & > - - & & & > & - . . . . . . . . # # # # # # # # # # & & , & < < xXFXPXKXKXLXJXc.r.B.A.B.e.0.y.0.r.y.7.AXLXLXKXKXKXKXPXn , > & > > > # # - - > > > , , i i i i i i i i i i , p < p , < , p i , , & & z i t y u [.:X<X5X5X5X-X-X-X",
+"{ 7 & , # # = 8Xv o & . - > > . + - & & & & & & # # # # . . . . . o o . . . . + + + + . - # p * t.GXPXKXKXKXJXJXx.e.B.B.x.e.y.e.e.c.AXLXLXKXKXKXKXKXtX# , > > > , ; # # - > > > > > > , , , i i i i i i i i i p i i , i i i t $ 7 o 7 > $ s u _ :X5X5X5X5X-X-X-X",
+"yXD & > # # o } o X > > - # o @ + + o o & & & & . # # # # # # . o o o o . . . . + . . . - # , p ` GXGXKXKXLXLXJXAXx.Z.fXMXnXcXcXcX9XAXKXKXKXKXKXKXLX| , , # < & , ; # - - > > > > > > > , , , i i i i i i i i i , i i i * t i i = 2 & > a % y K :X5X5X5X-X-X-X-X",
+"xX8X3 o o o 2 n o o > > > > & & > - # & o . & # . . . # # # # . # o & o . . . . . . # # # & , , m IXGXLXKXKXKXKXLXJXHXAXAXZXxXwXD 5 D FXKXKXKXKXLXCX, , 1 > . > > > > > > > , , , , , , , , , , i i i i i i , , , , , , , , , , # > , , > - $ q @X:X5X3X-X>X*X>X",
+"xXqXG X o o = z & & o > > & & # & # # . # # # # . . # # # # # . . # # - # # # # # # # # # # & & < tXPXPXLXKXKXKXKX8X` ` n v z < < < & m CXKXKXKXKX} , - > > > > > > > > , , , , , , , i , , , , i i i i i i , , i i i i , , * $ $ ; , , > & # 0 {.:X3X-X>X,X*X<X",
+"gXgXt.D X 3 7 & & & o & & & # # & > # # # . . . - - - # # # . . . . # # # # # # # # # # # # # & < } FXPXKXLXKXLX} < . a > & < > & > z > m IXKXLXGXb 1 , > < > > , , , , , , , , , , i i i i , , p i p p p p i i p p i , , * $ $ $ , , , & & - t ! 1X3X*X>X*X>X>X",
+"gXgXgXt.3 7 7 & & & o & & & # # # - # # # # # . > > > # . . . # . . # # # # # # . # # # # # # & > ` FXKXKXKXLX{ > & 1 1 < a < & 1 o . . a n GXKX8X< , 1 > < > > , , , , , , , , p p p p i , , , i i i p p p i i i i , , * * * $ $ , * * & & - t h +X*X<X*X*X3X-X",
+"hX9XhX9Xv 3 o o o o o & & & & & # # # # # # . . > > # # . . . . . . - - # # # # . # # # # # # & , b CXPXLXKX| # & , , . > , > 1 > 2 < < > & ` GXn , > , > > < > , , , , , , , , a a p p p , , , , i i i i i i i i i , , , , * $ , * * * & # # $ q {.+X<X*X>X3X-X",
+"hXpXgX0X' 7 X o o o o & & & & & # # # - > # # . > > # # # # . . . # - # # # . . # # # # # # # # & a R.PXKX| , , , # & & & > & > & & & & . z # ` 1 # 1 > > > 1 > < < , , , , , , p p p p p i , , , i i i i i i i i i i i , , , * * * * * & # # $ q ! 1X:X,X<X-X3X",
+"fXpXpXc.t.5 o o o o & # # # & & # . > > > > . . # . . . - # # . . . # # # # # # # # # # # # # & # a ` PX} , # # & . > > . > > # > 2 < & a . , 1 a > z , > , < > , , , , , , , , p p p p i , , , i i i i i i i p i i i , i , , * $ $ * * & # # $ t u [.+X,X<X-X3X",
+"hXpXpX9Xt.3 7 . o . # # # # # # # # - > > > . . . . . . - - # . . . # . # # # # . # # # # # > , , # z | & , > . # # > # . # . > & & < > # a , 1 , , , , & 1 > > , , , , , , , , p p p p i , , , , , , , , , , i , * , * , , , , $ $ * & & # # # % u _ +X,X-X3X3X",
+"fXpXpX9Xt.9 X o o . . # # # & > # . . . . # # - > # . # # # . . . . . . # # # # # # # # # # # > , , a # - 1 . > 1 > > > < . > m 7 z m , , , , < , , , , , , , > , , , , , , i p p i , i p p , , , , , * * , , i , , , , , , , * $ $ $ # & & & - ; u P +X1X5X3X2X",
+"fXpXpX9Xt.5 X o o . # # # # # # # - . . # # > > # . . # # # # . . . . . # # # # # # # # # # # & , , 1 > # # . > # # # 8XtXCXCXCXCXCXiX7Xa > , > , , , , , , , > , > > > , , , , , , , i p p < , , , , * * , , i i , , , , , * * $ $ $ # # # # # # % y [.:X<X3X3X",
+"fXdXpX9Xt.3 X o o # # - # # # . # - - - # > > > - # . . . # # # # # . . # # # # # # # # # # # # # ; , , & , 1 & 1 , | CXPXKXKXKXKXKXPXIX| 1 > # > > > , , , , > , , > > & > , , , , , p p p , , , , , * * , , , i , , , * * * $ , , ; - # # # # # % % [ +X1X3X3X",
+"fXdXpX9Xt.3 o o o # # # # # # . - - - - # > > > # . . . . # - # # # # # # # # # # & # # # # # # # ; ; , > , 1 # > 1 uXIXKXKXLXKXKXKXPXIX} 1 # , > > > , , , > > , , > > , , , , , , , p p i , , , , , * * * , , , , , * * * * $ , # # # # # # # # # % ^ :X1X2X3X",
+"fXdX9X9Xt.X o o o # . . # # # # . . . # # # # # - # . . . # # # # - - - # # # # # # # # # # # # , # # , , > < a < { CXLXKXKXKXKXKXKXPXGX( > , ; , , , , , , , < , , , , , , , , , i p p i , & # , , , * $ $ * , , , * * * * * $ # # # # # $ $ # o . $ P NX1X3X2X",
+"fXdXpX9X' X o o # # . . # # # & . . # # # # # # > > # . . # # # - - # - # # # # # # # # # # # # # ; , , a 1 > > n tXFXKXKXKXKXKXKXPXGXtX, , a # , , , , , , , < , , , , , , , , p p p i , * # # , , * * $ $ * , , * * * * * * # # # . # # $ * # o . ; u +X1X3X2X",
+"fXpXpX9XG X o o # # # # # # # # . . . . - # # # > > - . # . . . . . # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # , , # , , & m 7XCXLXKXKXKXKXKXKXPXCX` , , 1 , , , 1 1 , , , , , < , , , , i i p p i , * $ & & , , , , * $ * , , , * * * * $ # # # . . # $ * & o . # w [.1X<X3X",
+"fXpXpX9XD o o & # # # # # # # # . . # @ > @ - . > > - # # . . . . . # # # # # # # # # # # # # & , # , a a # m 7XCXGXKXKXLXKXKXKXPXCXuX< 1 a , i 1 1 1 1 , > > , 1 1 1 < 1 , p a p p < , $ # & * , , , , , ; , , , , , * & & # # # # . # # $ $ # & & # y {.1X<X3X",
+"Z.pXpX9XD @ & . > & # . . # # # . . > . 1 @ . @ > . . > . . . . . 2 & . # # > . > > & # # # # & , # a , a , 7XCXGXKXLXKXKXKXKXLXCXVX( z a 1 , i a 1 , , > > > > 1 - 1 , , 1 , , , & = o , # * = < & , $ , , ; , , - ; & & & # # $ # & # # # $ $ ; # $ t [ NX4X3X",
+"aXpXpX9X9 X & # & & & o . . # # > . . 1 . . 1 . @ @ o 2 . o > > . . . & , < . 1 & & & # # # # # # , , , i M R.CXFXKXKXKXKXKXPXIXrX} z < < a , 1 1 1 , < , > > > < > < a 1 , a < < = = = . & = 6 7 & a # - % ; , , # # # & & & - # # # & # # $ $ $ $ $ 0 _ NX4X3X",
+"fXZ.9X9X5 X & # # # & o . . # # . o 8X8X8X} } | ` ` n m 2 > o . 2 & > & . < . # # & # # # # # # # 1 # , , a ` iXIXPXLXKXKXLXCX7X} n , , , a , , < < < < < > > , , a < < , , < = 6 6 6 c 6 c 6 6 6 6 , ; t : & & = * & & & & . # # # # & # # $ $ $ ; * 0 ^ NX4X4X",
+"fXZ.9X9XX o & # # . o o # . # # 7 . 8XxXKXKXLX7X7X7XrXuXiXxXtXrX8X X{ ` & . 1 > # & # # # # # # # , # , , , a 7XVXHXKXLXLXFXrX{ ` i i a i a i , i < p < < , , , * x p p p < 1 ` D ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) u.2 + + ; o = & & o > * # # - # # # o # # $ $ $ ; * 0 ! NX3X4X",
+"dXZ.9Xz.X o & # . # o o & # # # . z 8XCXLXKXCXt.8X7X7XrXtXiXxXxXiXiXtXtX{ > . . & & > # # # # # & # , a i i , | iXFXLXHXZX7X} } n t i i a $ i p i p p p p , , , d r * < z & o 8X5.5.5.5.5.5.5.5.5.vX7 + ; , = = 2 > @ > $ % . . # # # & # # $ $ # ; # $ l +X<X3X",
+"pXpXpXt.X o o # # . o o . # # # . v tXxXIXFXCXrX8XtXuXiXiXxXiXxXiXuXtXuX7X` > & & & & & # # - > , # , , i a , m uXVXZXFXtX X8X8Xi t i i a * p p p p p i i 1 , , ; i x = < < 6 0X5.5.5.5.5.5.5.5.5.vXv @ = = 8 3 3 3 X 2 , % # . # # # & & & ; ; ; - , $ h [.1X4X",
+"pXpXpX' o o . # & & o o . . # # < D yXCXCXVXFX7X8XuXVXCXCXCXVXCXCXVXxXiXVX7X` . & & & & # & > > , , , , , i a & 8XCXFXxX8XrXVX` , i p , p p p p i a i i , 1 , , 1 > 6 7 { rXu.u.u.) .Xu.u.u.XXu..X7X' t.u.7.O.@.O.7.9.] ( r o o # # & & > > ; ; ; , < , y {.1X4X",
+"pXpX9XD o o . & > o o o . . # # & `  XuXFXFX7Xt.8XrXrXrXtXuXuXiXiXuXyXtXuXtX7Xz & & & & # # > > # , # a i * a < ` VXxXrX8X8X7X= < * < * * p , , i a i 1 , , , > @ 5 A ' yXPXvXu..X} uX X.Xu.vX{ BX} ] cXXXh.+.j.+.h.pX9X' = o = & - & > > > ; ; - # , $ y [ 1X4X",
+"dX9X9X9 o > # # . . o o . . # # & n { } } }  X7X7X7X7XrXtXtXuXuXtXtXtXtXrXrX7Xz # & # & # # # # > , ; ; , , , < & uXyX} ` 8Xv & < * * * * , , , i , , , < < < 7 4 V O.u.vXPXvXu..X{ VX X7Xt.vX} BXR.9.aXg.h.j.#.#.h.g.pX' z & > & > > > > $ ; ; ; > , $ y / 1X4X",
+"dXpX9X9 @ > . # # . o o o o & > . & & # . . < z m n n ` ` { } } 8X7X8X7X7X7X7Xz # # # # # # # # > > , , , * , * < ' 8X` D { & = , , , , , , , , ; ; , < = 6 6 8 Z *.8.8.5.h.5.u. XrX8X X X7Xu.t.8X} ' 8.5.j.#.#.#.#.+.r.A & . > # > > > , ; ; ; ; > > , y ^ NXNX",
+"pXpXz.5 @ > . - . . o o o . # # # # . # & & # # & & & # . . # & & & 2 z m n n & # . # # # # # > > & # # $ * * & = 7 ` D ( c & & # - - - , , 1 1 1 1 , 2 6 c A F 0.G.G.D.+.j.5.XXrXVX` 7XiXGX( { uXrXu.5.j.#.#.#.#.#.+.h.c * # > # & > > , , ; ; ; - > i t h NX4X",
+"pXpXt.X @ > . > . . . o . . # # . . . # # - # # # # # # # # # & & . o & . . # & # # . # # # # & > & # # $ $ # & & & 7 ( D . < & # - - - - ; 1 1 1 1 , = 6 c D F e.K.A.B.+.+.5.u.rXVX| 7XrXCX' t.uX.Xu.5.j.+.+.+.+.+.+.y.v ; . . # , > > , ; ; ; ; > > i t u NX4X",
+"pX9X] X o & . # # . o o o . # # - > > . . . . # . . # # # # # # o o 2 . # < & . # # # # # # # # & & # # # # # # & & > m < > # , - - - - - - , , 1 , > 2 7 c A A F H F D A A A A ( ( a M b ` c v n m c 4 N N 4 4 N 4 N N O . - , ; , > & & $ ; ; ; , , , t u NX1X",
+"pX9X' X o & . . . . o o o o . # # + - > > > > # # > > > > > > & > & < . . & . # # # # # # # # # & & & # # # # - > & > & . < # - - - - - > , < 1 , ; - > < 7 6 6 6 7 o 7 6 6 7 z z < i a z < , 1 < < 6 c o 2 @ @ 7 3 3 X = . - - ; , * & * $ ; ; ; , , * t u @X1X",
+"pX9XD X o . . . . . . . . . . . > . . . . . # & # & # # . . . . . . > & , . . > # # # # # # # # & # # # # - - , & , > > # - , # - - , * < < p < , ; ; - , > < < p < z z a < = 7 z z a , p x d - , < < z < , , p = < z = = o . # , * * * * $ ; ; ; - , # t u {.NX",
+"pXc.D X o . # # . . o o o o # & # . @ > - > & & & & & & & & & & > . > . > # , # # # # . # # # # & . # # # ; ; , , . # > . - , , , , , < z 6 = * # ; : : : , 1 1 i i p p ; a 7 7 < < < z z = i i , 1 < & , p i r r r * * o & & > $ * , , * , ; ; ; # , # i q _ NX"
+};

Tests/oss-fuzz/python.supp

@@ -14,3 +14,23 @@
    fun:_TIFFReadEncodedTileAndAllocBuffer
    ...
 }
+
+{
+   <python_alloc_possible_leak>
+   Memcheck:Leak
+   match-leak-kinds: all
+   fun:malloc
+   fun:_PyMem_RawMalloc
+   fun:PyObject_Malloc
+   ...
+}
+
+{
+   <python_realloc_possible_leak>
+   Memcheck:Leak
+   match-leak-kinds: all
+   fun:malloc
+   fun:_PyMem_RawRealloc
+   fun:PyMem_Realloc
+   ...
+}

Tests/oss-fuzz/test_fuzzers.py

@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ import pytest
 from PIL import Image, features
 from Tests.helper import skip_unless_feature
 
-if sys.platform.startswith("win32"):
+if sys.platform.startswith("win32") or sys.platform == "ios":
-    pytest.skip("Fuzzer is linux only", allow_module_level=True)
+    pytest.skip("Fuzzer doesn't run on Windows or iOS", allow_module_level=True)
+
 libjpeg_turbo_version = features.version("libjpeg_turbo")
 if libjpeg_turbo_version is not None:
     version = packaging.version.parse(libjpeg_turbo_version)

Tests/test_arrow.py

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from PIL import Image
+
+from .helper import hopper
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "mode, dest_modes",
+    (
+        ("L", ["I", "F", "LA", "RGB", "RGBA", "RGBX", "CMYK", "YCbCr", "HSV"]),
+        ("I", ["L", "F"]),  # Technically I;32 can work for any 4x8bit storage.
+        ("F", ["I", "L", "LA", "RGB", "RGBA", "RGBX", "CMYK", "YCbCr", "HSV"]),
+        ("LA", ["L", "F"]),
+        ("RGB", ["L", "F"]),
+        ("RGBA", ["L", "F"]),
+        ("RGBX", ["L", "F"]),
+        ("CMYK", ["L", "F"]),
+        ("YCbCr", ["L", "F"]),
+        ("HSV", ["L", "F"]),
+    ),
+)
+def test_invalid_array_type(mode: str, dest_modes: list[str]) -> None:
+    img = hopper(mode)
+    for dest_mode in dest_modes:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            Image.fromarrow(img, dest_mode, img.size)
+
+
+def test_invalid_array_size() -> None:
+    img = hopper("RGB")
+
+    assert img.size != (10, 10)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        Image.fromarrow(img, "RGB", (10, 10))
+
+
+def test_release_schema() -> None:
+    # these should not error out, valgrind should be clean
+    img = hopper("L")
+    schema = img.__arrow_c_schema__()
+    del schema
+
+
+def test_release_array() -> None:
+    # these should not error out, valgrind should be clean
+    img = hopper("L")
+    array, schema = img.__arrow_c_array__()
+    del array
+    del schema
+
+
+def test_readonly() -> None:
+    img = hopper("L")
+    reloaded = Image.fromarrow(img, img.mode, img.size)
+    assert reloaded.readonly == 1
+    reloaded._readonly = 0
+    assert reloaded.readonly == 1
+
+
+def test_multiblock_l_image() -> None:
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in single channel mode
+    size = (4096, 2 * block_size // 4096)
+    img = Image.new("L", size, 128)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        (schema, arr) = img.__arrow_c_array__()
+
+
+def test_multiblock_rgba_image() -> None:
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in 4 channel mode
+    size = (4096, (block_size // 4096) // 2)
+    img = Image.new("RGBA", size, (128, 127, 126, 125))
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        (schema, arr) = img.__arrow_c_array__()
+
+
+def test_multiblock_l_schema() -> None:
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in single channel mode
+    size = (4096, 2 * block_size // 4096)
+    img = Image.new("L", size, 128)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        img.__arrow_c_schema__()
+
+
+def test_multiblock_rgba_schema() -> None:
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in 4 channel mode
+    size = (4096, (block_size // 4096) // 2)
+    img = Image.new("RGBA", size, (128, 127, 126, 125))
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        img.__arrow_c_schema__()
+
+
+def test_singleblock_l_image() -> None:
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(1)
+
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in 4 channel mode
+    size = (4096, 2 * (block_size // 4096))
+    img = Image.new("L", size, 128)
+    assert img.im.isblock()
+
+    (schema, arr) = img.__arrow_c_array__()
+    assert schema
+    assert arr
+
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(0)
+
+
+def test_singleblock_rgba_image() -> None:
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(1)
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in 4 channel mode
+    size = (4096, (block_size // 4096) // 2)
+    img = Image.new("RGBA", size, (128, 127, 126, 125))
+    assert img.im.isblock()
+
+    (schema, arr) = img.__arrow_c_array__()
+    assert schema
+    assert arr
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(0)
+
+
+def test_singleblock_l_schema() -> None:
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(1)
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in single channel mode
+    size = (4096, 2 * block_size // 4096)
+    img = Image.new("L", size, 128)
+    assert img.im.isblock()
+
+    schema = img.__arrow_c_schema__()
+    assert schema
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(0)
+
+
+def test_singleblock_rgba_schema() -> None:
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(1)
+    block_size = Image.core.get_block_size()
+
+    # check a 2 block image in 4 channel mode
+    size = (4096, (block_size // 4096) // 2)
+    img = Image.new("RGBA", size, (128, 127, 126, 125))
+    assert img.im.isblock()
+
+    schema = img.__arrow_c_schema__()
+    assert schema
+    Image.core.set_use_block_allocator(0)

Tests/test_core_resources.py

@@ -188,5 +188,5 @@ class TestEnvVars:
         ),
     )
     def test_warnings(self, var: dict[str, str]) -> None:
-        with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=list(var)[0]):
             Image._apply_env_variables(var)

Tests/test_deprecate.py

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ from PIL import _deprecate
     "version, expected",
     [
         (
-            12,
+            13,
-            "Old thing is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 12 "
+            "Old thing is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 13 "
-            r"\(2025-10-15\)\. Use new thing instead\.",
+            r"\(2026-10-15\)\. Use new thing instead\.",
         ),
         (
             None,
@@ -47,25 +47,24 @@ def test_unknown_version() -> None:
     ],
 )
 def test_old_version(deprecated: str, plural: bool, expected: str) -> None:
-    expected = r""
     with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=expected):
         _deprecate.deprecate(deprecated, 1, plural=plural)
 
 
 def test_plural() -> None:
     expected = (
-        r"Old things are deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 12 \(2025-10-15\)\. "
+        r"Old things are deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 13 \(2026-10-15\)\. "
         r"Use new thing instead\."
     )
     with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match=expected):
-        _deprecate.deprecate("Old things", 12, "new thing", plural=True)
+        _deprecate.deprecate("Old things", 13, "new thing", plural=True)
 
 
 def test_replacement_and_action() -> None:
     expected = "Use only one of 'replacement' and 'action'"
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=expected):
         _deprecate.deprecate(
-            "Old thing", 12, replacement="new thing", action="Upgrade to new thing"
+            "Old thing", 13, replacement="new thing", action="Upgrade to new thing"
         )
 
 
@@ -78,16 +77,16 @@ def test_replacement_and_action() -> None:
 )
 def test_action(action: str) -> None:
     expected = (
-        r"Old thing is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 12 \(2025-10-15\)\. "
+        r"Old thing is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 13 \(2026-10-15\)\. "
         r"Upgrade to new thing\."
     )
     with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match=expected):
-        _deprecate.deprecate("Old thing", 12, action=action)
+        _deprecate.deprecate("Old thing", 13, action=action)
 
 
 def test_no_replacement_or_action() -> None:
     expected = (
-        r"Old thing is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 12 \(2025-10-15\)"
+        r"Old thing is deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 13 \(2026-10-15\)"
     )
     with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match=expected):
-        _deprecate.deprecate("Old thing", 12)
+        _deprecate.deprecate("Old thing", 13)

Tests/test_features.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def test_check() -> None:
         assert features.check_codec(codec) == features.check(codec)
     for feature in features.features:
         if "webp" in feature:
-            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="webp"):
                 assert features.check_feature(feature) == features.check(feature)
         else:
             assert features.check_feature(feature) == features.check(feature)
@@ -49,27 +49,12 @@ def test_version() -> None:
         test(codec, features.version_codec)
     for feature in features.features:
         if "webp" in feature:
-            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="webp"):
                 test(feature, features.version_feature)
         else:
             test(feature, features.version_feature)
 
 
-def test_webp_transparency() -> None:
-    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-        assert (features.check("transp_webp") or False) == features.check_module("webp")
-
-
-def test_webp_mux() -> None:
-    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-        assert (features.check("webp_mux") or False) == features.check_module("webp")
-
-
-def test_webp_anim() -> None:
-    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-        assert (features.check("webp_anim") or False) == features.check_module("webp")
-
-
 @skip_unless_feature("libjpeg_turbo")
 def test_libjpeg_turbo_version() -> None:
     version = features.version("libjpeg_turbo")
@@ -95,10 +80,9 @@ def test_check_codecs(feature: str) -> None:
 
 
 def test_check_warns_on_nonexistent() -> None:
-    with pytest.warns(UserWarning) as cm:
+    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="Unknown feature 'typo'."):
         has_feature = features.check("typo")
     assert has_feature is False
-    assert str(cm[-1].message) == "Unknown feature 'typo'."
 
 
 def test_supported_modules() -> None:

Tests/test_file_apng.py

@@ -303,11 +303,11 @@ def test_apng_chunk_errors() -> None:
         assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         assert not im.is_animated
 
-    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="Invalid APNG"):
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/chunk_multi_actl.png") as im:
+        im = Image.open("Tests/images/apng/chunk_multi_actl.png")
-            im.load()
+    assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
-        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
+    assert not im.is_animated
-        assert not im.is_animated
+    im.close()
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/chunk_actl_after_idat.png") as im:
         assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
@@ -330,18 +330,20 @@ def test_apng_chunk_errors() -> None:
 
 
 def test_apng_syntax_errors() -> None:
-    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="Invalid APNG"):
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_zero.png") as im:
+        im = Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_zero.png")
-            assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
+    assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
-            assert not im.is_animated
+    assert not im.is_animated
-            with pytest.raises(OSError):
+    with pytest.raises(OSError):
-                im.load()
+        im.load()
+    im.close()
 
-    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="Invalid APNG"):
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_zero_default.png") as im:
+        im = Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_zero_default.png")
-            assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
+    assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
-            assert not im.is_animated
+    assert not im.is_animated
-            im.load()
+    im.load()
+    im.close()
 
     # we can handle this case gracefully
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_low.png") as im:
@@ -354,11 +356,12 @@ def test_apng_syntax_errors() -> None:
             im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
             im.load()
 
-    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="Invalid APNG"):
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_invalid.png") as im:
+        im = Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_invalid.png")
-            assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
+    assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
-            assert not im.is_animated
+    assert not im.is_animated
-            im.load()
+    im.load()
+    im.close()
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(

Tests/test_file_avif.py

@@ -0,0 +1,781 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import gc
+import os
+import re
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from io import BytesIO
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+from PIL import (
+    AvifImagePlugin,
+    Image,
+    ImageDraw,
+    ImageFile,
+    UnidentifiedImageError,
+    features,
+)
+
+from .helper import (
+    PillowLeakTestCase,
+    assert_image,
+    assert_image_similar,
+    assert_image_similar_tofile,
+    hopper,
+    skip_unless_feature,
+)
+
+try:
+    from PIL import _avif
+
+    HAVE_AVIF = True
+except ImportError:
+    HAVE_AVIF = False
+
+
+TEST_AVIF_FILE = "Tests/images/avif/hopper.avif"
+
+
+def assert_xmp_orientation(xmp: bytes, expected: int) -> None:
+    assert int(xmp.split(b'tiff:Orientation="')[1].split(b'"')[0]) == expected
+
+
+def roundtrip(im: ImageFile.ImageFile, **options: Any) -> ImageFile.ImageFile:
+    out = BytesIO()
+    im.save(out, "AVIF", **options)
+    return Image.open(out)
+
+
+def skip_unless_avif_decoder(codec_name: str) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
+    reason = f"{codec_name} decode not available"
+    return pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not HAVE_AVIF or not _avif.decoder_codec_available(codec_name), reason=reason
+    )
+
+
+def skip_unless_avif_encoder(codec_name: str) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
+    reason = f"{codec_name} encode not available"
+    return pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not HAVE_AVIF or not _avif.encoder_codec_available(codec_name), reason=reason
+    )
+
+
+def is_docker_qemu() -> bool:
+    try:
+        init_proc_exe = os.readlink("/proc/1/exe")
+    except (FileNotFoundError, PermissionError):
+        return False
+    return "qemu" in init_proc_exe
+
+
+class TestUnsupportedAvif:
+    def test_unsupported(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.setattr(AvifImagePlugin, "SUPPORTED", False)
+
+        with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):
+            with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="AVIF support not installed"):
+                with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE):
+                    pass
+
+    def test_unsupported_open(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.setattr(AvifImagePlugin, "SUPPORTED", False)
+
+        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+            AvifImagePlugin.AvifImageFile(TEST_AVIF_FILE)
+
+
+@skip_unless_feature("avif")
+class TestFileAvif:
+    def test_version(self) -> None:
+        version = features.version_module("avif")
+        assert version is not None
+        assert re.search(r"^\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", version)
+
+    def test_codec_version(self) -> None:
+        assert AvifImagePlugin.get_codec_version("unknown") is None
+
+        for codec_name in ("aom", "dav1d", "rav1e", "svt"):
+            codec_version = AvifImagePlugin.get_codec_version(codec_name)
+            if _avif.decoder_codec_available(
+                codec_name
+            ) or _avif.encoder_codec_available(codec_name):
+                assert codec_version is not None
+                assert re.search(r"^v?\d+\.\d+\.\d+(-([a-z\d])+)*$", codec_version)
+            else:
+                assert codec_version is None
+
+    def test_read(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Can we read an AVIF file without error?
+        Does it have the bits we expect?
+        """
+
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as image:
+            assert image.mode == "RGB"
+            assert image.size == (128, 128)
+            assert image.format == "AVIF"
+            assert image.get_format_mimetype() == "image/avif"
+            image.getdata()
+
+            # generated with:
+            # avifdec hopper.avif hopper_avif_write.png
+            assert_image_similar_tofile(
+                image, "Tests/images/avif/hopper_avif_write.png", 11.5
+            )
+
+    def test_write_rgb(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """
+        Can we write a RGB mode file to avif without error?
+        Does it have the bits we expect?
+        """
+
+        temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+
+        im = hopper()
+        im.save(temp_file)
+        with Image.open(temp_file) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.mode == "RGB"
+            assert reloaded.size == (128, 128)
+            assert reloaded.format == "AVIF"
+            reloaded.getdata()
+
+            # avifdec hopper.avif avif/hopper_avif_write.png
+            assert_image_similar_tofile(
+                reloaded, "Tests/images/avif/hopper_avif_write.png", 6.02
+            )
+
+            # This test asserts that the images are similar. If the average pixel
+            # difference between the two images is less than the epsilon value,
+            # then we're going to accept that it's a reasonable lossy version of
+            # the image.
+            assert_image_similar(reloaded, im, 8.62)
+
+    def test_AvifEncoder_with_invalid_args(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Calling encoder functions with no arguments should result in an error.
+        """
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            _avif.AvifEncoder()
+
+    def test_AvifDecoder_with_invalid_args(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Calling decoder functions with no arguments should result in an error.
+        """
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            _avif.AvifDecoder()
+
+    def test_invalid_dimensions(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        im = Image.new("RGB", (0, 0))
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            im.save(test_file)
+
+    def test_encoder_finish_none_error(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        """Save should raise an OSError if AvifEncoder.finish returns None"""
+
+        class _mock_avif:
+            class AvifEncoder:
+                def __init__(self, *args: Any) -> None:
+                    pass
+
+                def add(self, *args: Any) -> None:
+                    pass
+
+                def finish(self) -> None:
+                    return None
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(AvifImagePlugin, "_avif", _mock_avif)
+
+        im = Image.new("RGB", (150, 150))
+        test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        with pytest.raises(OSError):
+            im.save(test_file)
+
+    def test_no_resource_warning(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
+                im.save(tmp_path / "temp.avif")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("major_brand", [b"avif", b"avis", b"mif1", b"msf1"])
+    def test_accept_ftyp_brands(self, major_brand: bytes) -> None:
+        data = b"\x00\x00\x00\x1cftyp%s\x00\x00\x00\x00" % major_brand
+        assert AvifImagePlugin._accept(data) is True
+
+    def test_file_pointer_could_be_reused(self) -> None:
+        with open(TEST_AVIF_FILE, "rb") as blob:
+            with Image.open(blob) as im:
+                im.load()
+            with Image.open(blob) as im:
+                im.load()
+
+    def test_background_from_gif(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
+            original_value = im.convert("RGB").getpixel((1, 1))
+
+            # Save as AVIF
+            out_avif = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(out_avif, save_all=True)
+
+        # Save as GIF
+        out_gif = tmp_path / "temp.gif"
+        with Image.open(out_avif) as im:
+            im.save(out_gif)
+
+        with Image.open(out_gif) as reread:
+            reread_value = reread.convert("RGB").getpixel((1, 1))
+        difference = sum([abs(original_value[i] - reread_value[i]) for i in range(3)])
+        assert difference <= 6
+
+    def test_save_single_frame(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
+            im.save(temp_file)
+        with Image.open(temp_file) as im:
+            assert im.n_frames == 1
+
+    def test_invalid_file(self) -> None:
+        invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
+
+        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+            AvifImagePlugin.AvifImageFile(invalid_file)
+
+    def test_load_transparent_rgb(self) -> None:
+        test_file = "Tests/images/avif/transparency.avif"
+        with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+            assert_image(im, "RGBA", (64, 64))
+
+            # image has 876 transparent pixels
+            colors = im.getchannel("A").getcolors()
+            assert colors is not None
+            assert colors[0] == (876, 0)
+
+    def test_save_transparent(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        im = Image.new("RGBA", (10, 10), (0, 0, 0, 0))
+        assert im.getcolors() == [(100, (0, 0, 0, 0))]
+
+        test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        im.save(test_file)
+
+        # check if saved image contains the same transparency
+        with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+            assert_image(im, "RGBA", (10, 10))
+            assert im.getcolors() == [(100, (0, 0, 0, 0))]
+
+    def test_save_icc_profile(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/icc_profile_none.avif") as im:
+            assert "icc_profile" not in im.info
+
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/icc_profile.avif") as with_icc:
+                expected_icc = with_icc.info["icc_profile"]
+                assert expected_icc is not None
+
+                im = roundtrip(im, icc_profile=expected_icc)
+                assert im.info["icc_profile"] == expected_icc
+
+    def test_discard_icc_profile(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/icc_profile.avif") as im:
+            im = roundtrip(im, icc_profile=None)
+        assert "icc_profile" not in im.info
+
+    def test_roundtrip_icc_profile(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/icc_profile.avif") as im:
+            expected_icc = im.info["icc_profile"]
+
+            im = roundtrip(im)
+        assert im.info["icc_profile"] == expected_icc
+
+    def test_roundtrip_no_icc_profile(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/icc_profile_none.avif") as im:
+            assert "icc_profile" not in im.info
+
+            im = roundtrip(im)
+        assert "icc_profile" not in im.info
+
+    def test_exif(self) -> None:
+        # With an EXIF chunk
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/exif.avif") as im:
+            exif = im.getexif()
+        assert exif[274] == 1
+
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/xmp_tags_orientation.avif") as im:
+            exif = im.getexif()
+        assert exif[274] == 3
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("use_bytes", [True, False])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("orientation", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+    def test_exif_save(
+        self,
+        tmp_path: Path,
+        use_bytes: bool,
+        orientation: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        exif = Image.Exif()
+        exif[274] = orientation
+        exif_data = exif.tobytes()
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(test_file, exif=exif_data if use_bytes else exif)
+
+        with Image.open(test_file) as reloaded:
+            if orientation == 1:
+                assert "exif" not in reloaded.info
+            else:
+                assert reloaded.getexif()[274] == orientation
+                assert reloaded.info["exif"] == exif_data
+
+    def test_exif_without_orientation(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        exif = Image.Exif()
+        exif[272] = b"test"
+        exif_data = exif.tobytes()
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(test_file, exif=exif)
+
+        with Image.open(test_file) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.info["exif"] == exif_data
+
+    def test_exif_invalid(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+                im.save(test_file, exif=b"invalid")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "rot, mir, exif_orientation",
+        [
+            (0, 0, 4),
+            (0, 1, 2),
+            (1, 0, 5),
+            (1, 1, 7),
+            (2, 0, 2),
+            (2, 1, 4),
+            (3, 0, 7),
+            (3, 1, 5),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_rot_mir_exif(
+        self, rot: int, mir: int, exif_orientation: int, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        with Image.open(f"Tests/images/avif/rot{rot}mir{mir}.avif") as im:
+            exif = im.getexif()
+            assert exif[274] == exif_orientation
+
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(test_file, exif=exif)
+        with Image.open(test_file) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.getexif()[274] == exif_orientation
+
+    def test_xmp(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/xmp_tags_orientation.avif") as im:
+            xmp = im.info["xmp"]
+        assert_xmp_orientation(xmp, 3)
+
+    def test_xmp_save(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        xmp_arg = "\n".join(
+            [
+                '<?xpacket begin="" id="W5M0MpCehiHzreSzNTczkc9d"?>',
+                '<x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/">',
+                ' <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">',
+                '  <rdf:Description rdf:about=""',
+                '    xmlns:tiff="http://ns.adobe.com/tiff/1.0/"',
+                '   tiff:Orientation="1"/>',
+                " </rdf:RDF>",
+                "</x:xmpmeta>",
+                '<?xpacket end="r"?>',
+            ]
+        )
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(test_file, xmp=xmp_arg)
+
+        with Image.open(test_file) as reloaded:
+            xmp = reloaded.info["xmp"]
+        assert_xmp_orientation(xmp, 1)
+
+    def test_tell(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            assert im.tell() == 0
+
+    def test_seek(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            im.seek(0)
+
+            with pytest.raises(EOFError):
+                im.seek(1)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("subsampling", ["4:4:4", "4:2:2", "4:2:0", "4:0:0"])
+    def test_encoder_subsampling(self, tmp_path: Path, subsampling: str) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(test_file, subsampling=subsampling)
+
+    def test_encoder_subsampling_invalid(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                im.save(test_file, subsampling="foo")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ["full", "limited"])
+    def test_encoder_range(self, tmp_path: Path, value: str) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(test_file, range=value)
+
+    def test_encoder_range_invalid(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                im.save(test_file, range="foo")
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("aom")
+    def test_encoder_codec_param(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im.save(test_file, codec="aom")
+
+    def test_encoder_codec_invalid(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                im.save(test_file, codec="foo")
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_decoder("dav1d")
+    def test_decoder_codec_cannot_encode(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                im.save(test_file, codec="dav1d")
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("aom")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "advanced",
+        [
+            {
+                "aq-mode": "1",
+                "enable-chroma-deltaq": "1",
+            },
+            (("aq-mode", "1"), ("enable-chroma-deltaq", "1")),
+            [("aq-mode", "1"), ("enable-chroma-deltaq", "1")],
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_encoder_advanced_codec_options(
+        self, advanced: dict[str, str] | Sequence[tuple[str, str]]
+    ) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            ctrl_buf = BytesIO()
+            im.save(ctrl_buf, "AVIF", codec="aom")
+            test_buf = BytesIO()
+            im.save(
+                test_buf,
+                "AVIF",
+                codec="aom",
+                advanced=advanced,
+            )
+            assert ctrl_buf.getvalue() != test_buf.getvalue()
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("aom")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("advanced", [{"foo": "bar"}, {"foo": 1234}, 1234])
+    def test_encoder_advanced_codec_options_invalid(
+        self, tmp_path: Path, advanced: dict[str, str] | int
+    ) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                im.save(test_file, codec="aom", advanced=advanced)
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_decoder("aom")
+    def test_decoder_codec_param(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.setattr(AvifImagePlugin, "DECODE_CODEC_CHOICE", "aom")
+
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            assert im.size == (128, 128)
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("rav1e")
+    def test_encoder_codec_cannot_decode(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
+    ) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.setattr(AvifImagePlugin, "DECODE_CODEC_CHOICE", "rav1e")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE):
+                pass
+
+    def test_decoder_codec_invalid(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        monkeypatch.setattr(AvifImagePlugin, "DECODE_CODEC_CHOICE", "foo")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE):
+                pass
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("aom")
+    def test_encoder_codec_available(self) -> None:
+        assert _avif.encoder_codec_available("aom") is True
+
+    def test_encoder_codec_available_bad_params(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            _avif.encoder_codec_available()
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_decoder("dav1d")
+    def test_encoder_codec_available_cannot_decode(self) -> None:
+        assert _avif.encoder_codec_available("dav1d") is False
+
+    def test_encoder_codec_available_invalid(self) -> None:
+        assert _avif.encoder_codec_available("foo") is False
+
+    def test_encoder_quality_valueerror(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                im.save(test_file, quality="invalid")
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_decoder("aom")
+    def test_decoder_codec_available(self) -> None:
+        assert _avif.decoder_codec_available("aom") is True
+
+    def test_decoder_codec_available_bad_params(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            _avif.decoder_codec_available()
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("rav1e")
+    def test_decoder_codec_available_cannot_decode(self) -> None:
+        assert _avif.decoder_codec_available("rav1e") is False
+
+    def test_decoder_codec_available_invalid(self) -> None:
+        assert _avif.decoder_codec_available("foo") is False
+
+    def test_p_mode_transparency(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        im = Image.new("P", size=(64, 64))
+        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+        draw.rectangle(xy=[(0, 0), (32, 32)], fill=255)
+        draw.rectangle(xy=[(32, 32), (64, 64)], fill=255)
+
+        out_png = tmp_path / "temp.png"
+        im.save(out_png, transparency=0)
+        with Image.open(out_png) as im_png:
+            out_avif = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            im_png.save(out_avif, quality=100)
+
+            with Image.open(out_avif) as expected:
+                assert_image_similar(im_png.convert("RGBA"), expected, 0.17)
+
+    def test_decoder_strict_flags(self) -> None:
+        # This would fail if full avif strictFlags were enabled
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/hopper-missing-pixi.avif") as im:
+            assert im.size == (128, 128)
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("aom")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("speed", [-1, 1, 11])
+    def test_aom_optimizations(self, tmp_path: Path, speed: int) -> None:
+        test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        hopper().save(test_file, codec="aom", speed=speed)
+
+    @skip_unless_avif_encoder("svt")
+    def test_svt_optimizations(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        test_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        hopper().save(test_file, codec="svt", speed=1)
+
+
+@skip_unless_feature("avif")
+class TestAvifAnimation:
+    @contextmanager
+    def star_frames(self) -> Generator[list[Image.Image], None, None]:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/star.png") as f:
+            yield [f, f.rotate(90), f.rotate(180), f.rotate(270)]
+
+    def test_n_frames(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Ensure that AVIF format sets n_frames and is_animated attributes
+        correctly.
+        """
+
+        with Image.open(TEST_AVIF_FILE) as im:
+            assert im.n_frames == 1
+            assert not im.is_animated
+
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/star.avifs") as im:
+            assert im.n_frames == 5
+            assert im.is_animated
+
+    def test_write_animation_P(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """
+        Convert an animated GIF to animated AVIF, then compare the frame
+        count, and ensure the frames are visually similar to the originals.
+        """
+
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/star.gif") as original:
+            assert original.n_frames > 1
+
+            temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            original.save(temp_file, save_all=True)
+            with Image.open(temp_file) as im:
+                assert im.n_frames == original.n_frames
+
+                # Compare first frame in P mode to frame from original GIF
+                assert_image_similar(im, original.convert("RGBA"), 2)
+
+                # Compare later frames in RGBA mode to frames from original GIF
+                for frame in range(1, original.n_frames):
+                    original.seek(frame)
+                    im.seek(frame)
+                    assert_image_similar(im, original, 2.54)
+
+    def test_write_animation_RGBA(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """
+        Write an animated AVIF from RGBA frames, and ensure the frames
+        are visually similar to the originals.
+        """
+
+        def check(temp_file: Path) -> None:
+            with Image.open(temp_file) as im:
+                assert im.n_frames == 4
+
+                # Compare first frame to original
+                assert_image_similar(im, frame1, 2.7)
+
+                # Compare second frame to original
+                im.seek(1)
+                assert_image_similar(im, frame2, 4.1)
+
+        with self.star_frames() as frames:
+            frame1 = frames[0]
+            frame2 = frames[1]
+            temp_file1 = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+            frames[0].copy().save(temp_file1, save_all=True, append_images=frames[1:])
+            check(temp_file1)
+
+            # Test appending using a generator
+            def imGenerator(
+                ims: list[Image.Image],
+            ) -> Generator[Image.Image, None, None]:
+                yield from ims
+
+            temp_file2 = tmp_path / "temp_generator.avif"
+            frames[0].copy().save(
+                temp_file2,
+                save_all=True,
+                append_images=imGenerator(frames[1:]),
+            )
+            check(temp_file2)
+
+    def test_sequence_dimension_mismatch_check(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        frame1 = Image.new("RGB", (100, 100))
+        frame2 = Image.new("RGB", (150, 150))
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            frame1.save(temp_file, save_all=True, append_images=[frame2])
+
+    def test_heif_raises_unidentified_image_error(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/hopper.heif"):
+                pass
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("alpha_premultiplied", [False, True])
+    def test_alpha_premultiplied(
+        self, tmp_path: Path, alpha_premultiplied: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        color = (200, 200, 200, 1)
+        im = Image.new("RGBA", (1, 1), color)
+        im.save(temp_file, alpha_premultiplied=alpha_premultiplied)
+
+        expected = (255, 255, 255, 1) if alpha_premultiplied else color
+        with Image.open(temp_file) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.getpixel((0, 0)) == expected
+
+    def test_timestamp_and_duration(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """
+        Try passing a list of durations, and make sure the encoded
+        timestamps and durations are correct.
+        """
+
+        durations = [1, 10, 20, 30, 40]
+        temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        with self.star_frames() as frames:
+            frames[0].save(
+                temp_file,
+                save_all=True,
+                append_images=(frames[1:] + [frames[0]]),
+                duration=durations,
+            )
+
+        with Image.open(temp_file) as im:
+            assert im.n_frames == 5
+            assert im.is_animated
+
+            # Check that timestamps and durations match original values specified
+            timestamp = 0
+            for frame in range(im.n_frames):
+                im.seek(frame)
+                im.load()
+                assert im.info["duration"] == durations[frame]
+                assert im.info["timestamp"] == timestamp
+                timestamp += durations[frame]
+
+    def test_seeking(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """
+        Create an animated AVIF file, and then try seeking through frames in
+        reverse-order, verifying the timestamps and durations are correct.
+        """
+
+        duration = 33
+        temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.avif"
+        with self.star_frames() as frames:
+            frames[0].save(
+                temp_file,
+                save_all=True,
+                append_images=(frames[1:] + [frames[0]]),
+                duration=duration,
+            )
+
+        with Image.open(temp_file) as im:
+            assert im.n_frames == 5
+            assert im.is_animated
+
+            # Traverse frames in reverse, checking timestamps and durations
+            timestamp = duration * (im.n_frames - 1)
+            for frame in reversed(range(im.n_frames)):
+                im.seek(frame)
+                im.load()
+                assert im.info["duration"] == duration
+                assert im.info["timestamp"] == timestamp
+                timestamp -= duration
+
+    def test_seek_errors(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/avif/star.avifs") as im:
+            with pytest.raises(EOFError):
+                im.seek(-1)
+
+            with pytest.raises(EOFError):
+                im.seek(42)
+
+
+MAX_THREADS = os.cpu_count() or 1
+
+
+@skip_unless_feature("avif")
+class TestAvifLeaks(PillowLeakTestCase):
+    mem_limit = MAX_THREADS * 3 * 1024
+    iterations = 100
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        is_docker_qemu(), reason="Skipping on cross-architecture containers"
+    )
+    def test_leak_load(self) -> None:
+        with open(TEST_AVIF_FILE, "rb") as f:
+            im_data = f.read()
+
+        def core() -> None:
+            with Image.open(BytesIO(im_data)) as im:
+                im.load()
+            gc.collect()
+
+        self._test_leak(core)

Tests/test_file_blp.py

@@ -7,9 +7,8 @@ import pytest
 from PIL import BlpImagePlugin, Image
 
 from .helper import (
-    assert_image_equal,
     assert_image_equal_tofile,
-    assert_image_similar,
+    assert_image_similar_tofile,
     hopper,
 )
 
@@ -52,18 +51,16 @@ def test_save(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im = hopper("P")
         im.save(f, blp_version=version)
 
-        with Image.open(f) as reloaded:
+        assert_image_equal_tofile(im.convert("RGB"), f)
-            assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), reloaded)
 
         with Image.open("Tests/images/transparent.png") as im:
             f = tmp_path / "temp.blp"
             im.convert("P").save(f, blp_version=version)
 
-            with Image.open(f) as reloaded:
+            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, f, 8)
-                assert_image_similar(im, reloaded, 8)
 
     im = hopper()
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unsupported BLP image mode"):
         im.save(f)
 
 

Tests/test_file_bmp.py

@@ -190,9 +190,9 @@ def test_rle8() -> None:
     # Signal end of bitmap before the image is finished
     with open("Tests/images/bmp/g/pal8rle.bmp", "rb") as fp:
         data = fp.read(1063) + b"\x01"
-        with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
+    with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
-            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                im.load()
+            im.load()
 
 
 def test_rle4() -> None:
@@ -214,9 +214,9 @@ def test_rle4() -> None:
 def test_rle8_eof(file_name: str, length: int) -> None:
     with open(file_name, "rb") as fp:
         data = fp.read(length)
-        with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
+    with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
-            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                im.load()
+            im.load()
 
 
 def test_offset() -> None:

Tests/test_file_dds.py

@@ -511,3 +511,20 @@ def test_save_dx10_bc5(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im = hopper("L")
     with pytest.raises(OSError, match="only RGB mode can be written as BC5"):
         im.save(out, pixel_format="BC5")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "pixel_format, mode",
+    (
+        ("DXT1", "RGBA"),
+        ("DXT3", "RGBA"),
+        ("DXT5", "RGBA"),
+        ("BC2", "RGBA"),
+        ("BC3", "RGBA"),
+        ("BC5", "RGB"),
+    ),
+)
+def test_save_large_file(tmp_path: Path, pixel_format: str, mode: str) -> None:
+    im = hopper(mode).resize((440, 440))
+    # should not error in valgrind
+    im.save(tmp_path / "img.dds", pixel_format=pixel_format)

Tests/test_file_eps.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from .helper import (
     is_win32,
     mark_if_feature_version,
     skip_unless_feature,
+    timeout_unless_slower_valgrind,
 )
 
 HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT = EpsImagePlugin.has_ghostscript()
@@ -398,7 +399,7 @@ def test_emptyline() -> None:
     assert image.format == "EPS"
 
 
-@pytest.mark.timeout(timeout=5)
+@timeout_unless_slower_valgrind(5)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "test_file",
     ["Tests/images/eps/timeout-d675703545fee17acab56e5fec644c19979175de.eps"],

Tests/test_file_fli.py

@@ -7,7 +7,12 @@ import pytest
 
 from PIL import FliImagePlugin, Image, ImageFile
 
-from .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_equal_tofile, is_pypy
+from .helper import (
+    assert_image_equal,
+    assert_image_equal_tofile,
+    is_pypy,
+    timeout_unless_slower_valgrind,
+)
 
 # created as an export of a palette image from Gimp2.6
 # save as...-> hopper.fli, default options.
@@ -189,7 +194,7 @@ def test_seek() -> None:
         "Tests/images/timeout-bff0a9dc7243a8e6ede2408d2ffa6a9964698b87.fli",
     ],
 )
-@pytest.mark.timeout(timeout=3)
+@timeout_unless_slower_valgrind(3)
 def test_timeouts(test_file: str) -> None:
     with open(test_file, "rb") as f:
         with Image.open(f) as im:

Tests/test_file_gif.py

@@ -100,6 +100,18 @@ def test_l_mode_after_rgb() -> None:
         assert im.mode == "RGB"
 
 
+def test_l_mode_transparency_after_rgb() -> None:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/no_palette_with_transparency_after_rgb.gif") as im:
+        expected = im.convert("RGB")
+        d = ImageDraw.Draw(expected)
+        d.rectangle([(0, 0), (64, 128)], fill="#000")
+
+        im.seek(1)
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"
+
+        assert_image_equal(im, expected)
+
+
 def test_palette_not_needed_for_second_frame() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/palette_not_needed_for_second_frame.gif") as im:
         im.seek(1)
@@ -224,6 +236,7 @@ def test_optimize_if_palette_can_be_reduced_by_half() -> None:
         out = BytesIO()
         im.save(out, "GIF", optimize=optimize)
         with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.palette is not None
             assert len(reloaded.palette.palette) // 3 == colors
 
 
@@ -540,7 +553,9 @@ def test_dispose_background_transparency() -> None:
         img.seek(2)
         px = img.load()
         assert px is not None
-        assert px[35, 30][3] == 0
+        value = px[35, 30]
+        assert isinstance(value, tuple)
+        assert value[3] == 0
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -1229,7 +1244,9 @@ def test_removed_transparency(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im.putpixel((x, 0), (x, 0, 0))
 
     im.info["transparency"] = (255, 255, 255)
-    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+    with pytest.warns(
+        UserWarning, match="Couldn't allocate palette entry for transparency"
+    ):
         im.save(out)
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
@@ -1251,7 +1268,7 @@ def test_rgb_transparency(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
     im.info["transparency"] = b""
     ims = [Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))]
-    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="should be converted to RGBA images"):
         im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=ims)
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
@@ -1359,6 +1376,7 @@ def test_palette_save_all_P(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         # Assert that the frames are correct, and each frame has the same palette
         assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), frames[0].convert("RGB"))
         assert im.palette is not None
+        assert im.global_palette is not None
         assert im.palette.palette == im.global_palette.palette
 
         im.seek(1)
@@ -1434,7 +1452,9 @@ def test_getdata(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
 def test_lzw_bits() -> None:
     # see https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/2811
     with Image.open("Tests/images/issue_2811.gif") as im:
-        assert im.tile[0][3][0] == 11  # LZW bits
+        args = im.tile[0][3]
+        assert isinstance(args, tuple)
+        assert args[0] == 11  # LZW bits
         # codec error prepatch
         im.load()
 
@@ -1489,7 +1509,11 @@ def test_saving_rgba(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
         reloaded_rgba = reloaded.convert("RGBA")
-        assert reloaded_rgba.load()[0, 0][3] == 0
+        px = reloaded_rgba.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        value = px[0, 0]
+        assert isinstance(value, tuple)
+        assert value[3] == 0
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("params", ({}, {"disposal": 2, "optimize": False}))

Tests/test_file_icns.py

@@ -93,19 +93,11 @@ def test_sizes() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
         assert isinstance(im, IcnsImagePlugin.IcnsImageFile)
         for w, h, r in im.info["sizes"]:
-            wr = w * r
-            hr = h * r
-            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-                im.size = (w, h, r)
-            im.load()
-            assert im.mode == "RGBA"
-            assert im.size == (wr, hr)
-
             # Test using load() with scale
             im.size = (w, h)
             im.load(scale=r)
             assert im.mode == "RGBA"
-            assert im.size == (wr, hr)
+            assert im.size == (w * r, h * r)
 
         # Check that we cannot load an incorrect size
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):

Tests/test_file_ico.py

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ def test_getpixel(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         reloaded.load()
         reloaded.size = (32, 32)
 
+        assert reloaded.load() is not None
         assert reloaded.getpixel((0, 0)) == (18, 20, 62)
 
 
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@ def test_save_append_images(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 def test_unexpected_size() -> None:
     # This image has been manually hexedited to state that it is 16x32
     # while the image within is still 16x16
-    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="Image was not the expected size"):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_unexpected.ico") as im:
             assert im.size == (16, 16)
 

Tests/test_file_iptc.py

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import sys
+from io import BytesIO
-from io import BytesIO, StringIO
 
-import pytest
+from PIL import Image, IptcImagePlugin, TiffImagePlugin, TiffTags
-
-from PIL import Image, IptcImagePlugin
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper
 
@@ -23,6 +20,9 @@ def test_open() -> None:
         assert im.tile == [("iptc", (0, 0, 1, 1), 25, "raw")]
         assert_image_equal(im, expected)
 
+    with Image.open(f) as im:
+        assert im.load() is not None
+
 
 def test_getiptcinfo_jpg_none() -> None:
     # Arrange
@@ -75,13 +75,19 @@ def test_getiptcinfo_zero_padding() -> None:
 
 
 def test_getiptcinfo_tiff() -> None:
-    # Arrange
+    expected = {(1, 90): b"\x1b%G", (2, 0): b"\xcf\xc0"}
+
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.Lab.tif") as im:
-        # Act
         iptc = IptcImagePlugin.getiptcinfo(im)
 
-    # Assert
+    assert iptc == expected
-    assert iptc == {(1, 90): b"\x1b%G", (2, 0): b"\xcf\xc0"}
+
+    # Test with LONG tag type
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.Lab.tif") as im:
+        im.tag_v2.tagtype[TiffImagePlugin.IPTC_NAA_CHUNK] = TiffTags.LONG
+        iptc = IptcImagePlugin.getiptcinfo(im)
+
+    assert iptc == expected
 
 
 def test_getiptcinfo_tiff_none() -> None:
@@ -92,35 +98,3 @@ def test_getiptcinfo_tiff_none() -> None:
 
     # Assert
     assert iptc is None
-
-
-def test_i() -> None:
-    # Arrange
-    c = b"a"
-
-    # Act
-    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-        ret = IptcImagePlugin.i(c)
-
-    # Assert
-    assert ret == 97
-
-
-def test_dump(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-    # Arrange
-    c = b"abc"
-    # Temporarily redirect stdout
-    mystdout = StringIO()
-    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", mystdout)
-
-    # Act
-    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-        IptcImagePlugin.dump(c)
-
-    # Assert
-    assert mystdout.getvalue() == "61 62 63 \n"
-
-
-def test_pad_deprecation() -> None:
-    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-        assert IptcImagePlugin.PAD == b"\0\0\0\0"

Tests/test_file_jpeg.py

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ from .helper import (
     is_win32,
     mark_if_feature_version,
     skip_unless_feature,
+    timeout_unless_slower_valgrind,
 )
 
 ElementTree: ModuleType | None
@@ -129,30 +130,26 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
     def test_cmyk(self) -> None:
         # Test CMYK handling.  Thanks to Tim and Charlie for test data,
         # Michael for getting me to look one more time.
-        f = "Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.jpg"
+        def check(im: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
-        with Image.open(f) as im:
+            cmyk = im.getpixel((0, 0))
-            # the source image has red pixels in the upper left corner.
+            assert isinstance(cmyk, tuple)
-            c, m, y, k = (x / 255.0 for x in im.getpixel((0, 0)))
+            c, m, y, k = (x / 255.0 for x in cmyk)
             assert c == 0.0
             assert m > 0.8
             assert y > 0.8
             assert k == 0.0
             # the opposite corner is black
-            c, m, y, k = (
+            cmyk = im.getpixel((im.size[0] - 1, im.size[1] - 1))
-                x / 255.0 for x in im.getpixel((im.size[0] - 1, im.size[1] - 1))
+            assert isinstance(cmyk, tuple)
-            )
+            k = cmyk[3] / 255.0
             assert k > 0.9
+
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.jpg") as im:
+            # the source image has red pixels in the upper left corner.
+            check(im)
+
             # roundtrip, and check again
-            im = self.roundtrip(im)
+            check(self.roundtrip(im))
-            c, m, y, k = (x / 255.0 for x in im.getpixel((0, 0)))
-            assert c == 0.0
-            assert m > 0.8
-            assert y > 0.8
-            assert k == 0.0
-            c, m, y, k = (
-                x / 255.0 for x in im.getpixel((im.size[0] - 1, im.size[1] - 1))
-            )
-            assert k > 0.9
 
     def test_rgb(self) -> None:
         def getchannels(im: JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile) -> tuple[int, ...]:
@@ -614,6 +611,24 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
                     None
                 )
             ]
+
+            for quality in range(101):
+                qtable_from_qtable_quality = self.roundtrip(
+                    im,
+                    qtables={0: standard_l_qtable, 1: standard_chrominance_qtable},
+                    quality=quality,
+                ).quantization
+
+                qtable_from_quality = self.roundtrip(im, quality=quality).quantization
+
+                if features.check_feature("libjpeg_turbo"):
+                    assert qtable_from_qtable_quality == qtable_from_quality
+                else:
+                    assert qtable_from_qtable_quality[0] == qtable_from_quality[0]
+                    assert (
+                        qtable_from_qtable_quality[1][1:] == qtable_from_quality[1][1:]
+                    )
+
             # list of qtable lists
             assert_image_similar(
                 im,
@@ -749,10 +764,13 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
         # Act
         # Shouldn't raise error
-        fn = "Tests/images/sugarshack_bad_mpo_header.jpg"
+        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="malformed MPO file"):
-        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, Image.open, fn) as im:
+            im = Image.open("Tests/images/sugarshack_bad_mpo_header.jpg")
-            # Assert
+
-            assert im.format == "JPEG"
+        # Assert
+        assert im.format == "JPEG"
+
+        im.close()
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "L", "RGB", "RGBX", "CMYK", "YCbCr"))
     def test_save_correct_modes(self, mode: str) -> None:
@@ -1044,7 +1062,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             im.save(f, xmp=b"1" * 65505)
 
-    @pytest.mark.timeout(timeout=1)
+    @timeout_unless_slower_valgrind(1)
     def test_eof(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         # Even though this decoder never says that it is finished
         # the image should still end when there is no new data
@@ -1075,10 +1093,16 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         for marker in b"\xff\xd8", b"\xff\xd9":
             assert marker in data[1]
             assert marker in data[2]
-        # DHT, DQT
+
-        for marker in b"\xff\xc4", b"\xff\xdb":
+        # DQT
+        markers = [b"\xff\xdb"]
+        if features.check_feature("libjpeg_turbo"):
+            # DHT
+            markers.append(b"\xff\xc4")
+        for marker in markers:
             assert marker in data[1]
             assert marker not in data[2]
+
         # SOF0, SOS, APP0 (JFIF header)
         for marker in b"\xff\xc0", b"\xff\xda", b"\xff\xe0":
             assert marker not in data[1]
@@ -1102,14 +1126,6 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
         assert im._repr_jpeg_() is None
 
-    def test_deprecation(self) -> None:
-        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
-            assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
-            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-                assert im.huffman_ac == {}
-            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-                assert im.huffman_dc == {}
-
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not is_win32(), reason="Windows only")
 @skip_unless_feature("jpg")

Tests/test_file_jpeg2k.py

@@ -457,8 +457,8 @@ def test_comment() -> None:
     # Test an image that is truncated partway through a codestream
     with open("Tests/images/comment.jp2", "rb") as fp:
         b = BytesIO(fp.read(130))
-        with Image.open(b) as im:
+    with Image.open(b) as im:
-            pass
+        pass
 
 
 def test_save_comment(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:

Tests/test_file_libtiff.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         s = io.BytesIO()
         with open(test_file, "rb") as f:
             s.write(f.read())
-            s.seek(0)
+        s.seek(0)
         with Image.open(s) as im:
             assert im.size == (500, 500)
             self._assert_noerr(tmp_path, im)
@@ -256,19 +256,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
 
             im.save(out, tiffinfo=new_ifd)
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("libtiff", (True, False))
-        "libtiff",
-        (
-            pytest.param(
-                True,
-                marks=pytest.mark.skipif(
-                    not getattr(Image.core, "libtiff_support_custom_tags", False),
-                    reason="Custom tags not supported by older libtiff",
-                ),
-            ),
-            False,
-        ),
-    )
     def test_custom_metadata(
         self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path, libtiff: bool
     ) -> None:
@@ -724,8 +712,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
 
         with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
             assert isinstance(reloaded, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
-            if Image.core.libtiff_support_custom_tags:
+            assert reloaded.tag_v2[34665] == 125456
-                assert reloaded.tag_v2[34665] == 125456
 
     def test_crashing_metadata(
         self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path
@@ -777,19 +764,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
             assert icc_libtiff is not None
         assert icc == icc_libtiff
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("libtiff", (True, False))
-        "libtiff",
-        (
-            pytest.param(
-                True,
-                marks=pytest.mark.skipif(
-                    not getattr(Image.core, "libtiff_support_custom_tags", False),
-                    reason="Custom tags not supported by older libtiff",
-                ),
-            ),
-            False,
-        ),
-    )
     def test_write_icc(
         self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path, libtiff: bool
     ) -> None:
@@ -1050,12 +1025,12 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         with open("Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.tif", "rb") as fp:
             data = fp.read()
 
-            # Set EXIF Orientation to 2
+        # Set EXIF Orientation to 2
-            data = data[:102] + b"\x02" + data[103:]
+        data = data[:102] + b"\x02" + data[103:]
 
-            with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
+        with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
-                im = im.transpose(Image.Transpose.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
+            im = im.transpose(Image.Transpose.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
-            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.png")
+        assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.png")
 
     def test_open_missing_samplesperpixel(self) -> None:
         with Image.open(

Tests/test_file_libtiff_small.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiffSmall(LibTiffTestCase):
         s = BytesIO()
         with open(test_file, "rb") as f:
             s.write(f.read())
-            s.seek(0)
+        s.seek(0)
         with Image.open(s) as im:
             assert im.size == (128, 128)
             self._assert_noerr(tmp_path, im)

Tests/test_file_mcidas.py

@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ def test_valid_file() -> None:
 
         # Assert
         assert im.format == "MCIDAS"
-        assert im.mode == "I"
+        assert im.mode == "I;16B"
         assert im.size == (1800, 400)
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, saved_file)

Tests/test_file_mpo.py

@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ def test_reload_exif_after_seek() -> None:
 def test_mp(test_file: str) -> None:
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
         mpinfo = im._getmp()
+        assert mpinfo is not None
         assert mpinfo[45056] == b"0100"
         assert mpinfo[45057] == 2
 
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ def test_mp_offset() -> None:
     # in APP2 data, in contrast to normal 8
     with Image.open("Tests/images/sugarshack_ifd_offset.mpo") as im:
         mpinfo = im._getmp()
+        assert mpinfo is not None
         assert mpinfo[45056] == b"0100"
         assert mpinfo[45057] == 2
 
@@ -181,6 +183,7 @@ def test_mp_no_data() -> None:
 def test_mp_attribute(test_file: str) -> None:
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
         mpinfo = im._getmp()
+    assert mpinfo is not None
     for frame_number, mpentry in enumerate(mpinfo[0xB002]):
         mpattr = mpentry["Attribute"]
         if frame_number:
@@ -293,16 +296,18 @@ def test_save_all() -> None:
             assert_image_similar(im, im_reloaded, 30)
 
     im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
-    im2 = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1), "#f00")
+    for colors in (("#f00",), ("#f00", "#0f0")):
-    im_reloaded = roundtrip(im, save_all=True, append_images=[im2])
+        append_images = [Image.new("RGB", (1, 1), color) for color in colors]
+        im_reloaded = roundtrip(im, save_all=True, append_images=append_images)
 
-    assert_image_equal(im, im_reloaded)
+        assert_image_equal(im, im_reloaded)
-    assert isinstance(im_reloaded, MpoImagePlugin.MpoImageFile)
+        assert isinstance(im_reloaded, MpoImagePlugin.MpoImageFile)
-    assert im_reloaded.mpinfo is not None
+        assert im_reloaded.mpinfo is not None
-    assert im_reloaded.mpinfo[45056] == b"0100"
+        assert im_reloaded.mpinfo[45056] == b"0100"
 
-    im_reloaded.seek(1)
+        for im_expected in append_images:
-    assert_image_similar(im2, im_reloaded, 1)
+            im_reloaded.seek(im_reloaded.tell() + 1)
+            assert_image_similar(im_reloaded, im_expected, 1)
 
     # Test that a single frame image will not be saved as an MPO
     jpg = roundtrip(im, save_all=True)
@@ -312,10 +317,24 @@ def test_save_all() -> None:
 def test_save_xmp() -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
     im2 = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1), "#f00")
+
+    def roundtrip_xmp() -> list[Any]:
+        im_reloaded = roundtrip(im, xmp=b"Default", save_all=True, append_images=[im2])
+        xmp = [im_reloaded.info["xmp"]]
+        im_reloaded.seek(1)
+        return xmp + [im_reloaded.info["xmp"]]
+
+    # Use the save parameters for all frames by default
+    assert roundtrip_xmp() == [b"Default", b"Default"]
+
+    # Specify a value for the first frame
+    im.encoderinfo = {"xmp": b"First frame"}
+    assert roundtrip_xmp() == [b"First frame", b"Default"]
+    del im.encoderinfo
+
+    # Specify value for the second frame
     im2.encoderinfo = {"xmp": b"Second frame"}
-    im_reloaded = roundtrip(im, xmp=b"First frame", save_all=True, append_images=[im2])
+    assert roundtrip_xmp() == [b"Default", b"Second frame"]
 
-    assert im_reloaded.info["xmp"] == b"First frame"
+    # Test that encoderinfo is unchanged
-
+    assert im2.encoderinfo == {"xmp": b"Second frame"}
-    im_reloaded.seek(1)
-    assert im_reloaded.info["xmp"] == b"Second frame"

Tests/test_file_pcx.py

@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ def test_sanity(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im.save(f)
 
 
+def test_p_4_planes() -> None:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/p_4_planes.pcx") as im:
+        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 3
+
+
 def test_bad_image_size() -> None:
     with open("Tests/images/pil184.pcx", "rb") as fp:
         data = fp.read()

Tests/test_file_pdf.py

@@ -13,7 +13,12 @@ import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image, PdfParser, features
 
-from .helper import hopper, mark_if_feature_version, skip_unless_feature
+from .helper import (
+    hopper,
+    mark_if_feature_version,
+    skip_unless_feature,
+    timeout_unless_slower_valgrind,
+)
 
 
 def helper_save_as_pdf(tmp_path: Path, mode: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
@@ -339,8 +344,7 @@ def test_pdf_append_to_bytesio() -> None:
     assert len(f.getvalue()) > initial_size
 
 
-@pytest.mark.timeout(1)
+@timeout_unless_slower_valgrind(1)
-@pytest.mark.skipif("PILLOW_VALGRIND_TEST" in os.environ, reason="Valgrind is slower")
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("newline", (b"\r", b"\n"))
 def test_redos(newline: bytes) -> None:
     malicious = b" trailer<<>>" + newline * 3456

Tests/test_file_png.py

@@ -100,11 +100,11 @@ class TestFilePng:
             assert im.format == "PNG"
             assert im.get_format_mimetype() == "image/png"
 
-        for mode in ["1", "L", "P", "RGB", "I", "I;16", "I;16B"]:
+        for mode in ["1", "L", "P", "RGB", "I;16", "I;16B"]:
             im = hopper(mode)
             im.save(test_file)
             with Image.open(test_file) as reloaded:
-                if mode in ("I", "I;16B"):
+                if mode == "I;16B":
                     reloaded = reloaded.convert(mode)
                 assert_image_equal(reloaded, im)
 
@@ -809,6 +809,16 @@ class TestFilePng:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_end_chunk.png") as im:
             assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/hopper.png")
 
+    def test_deprecation(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        test_file = tmp_path / "out.png"
+
+        im = hopper("I")
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="Saving I mode images as PNG"):
+            im.save(test_file)
+
+        with Image.open(test_file) as reloaded:
+            assert_image_equal(im, reloaded.convert("I"))
+
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_win32(), reason="Requires Unix or macOS")
 @skip_unless_feature("zlib")

Tests/test_file_ppm.py

@@ -288,14 +288,16 @@ def test_non_integer_token(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             pass
 
 
-def test_header_token_too_long(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("data", (b"P3\x0cAAAAAAAAAA\xee", b"P6\n 01234567890"))
+def test_header_token_too_long(tmp_path: Path, data: bytes) -> None:
     path = tmp_path / "temp.ppm"
     with open(path, "wb") as f:
-        f.write(b"P6\n 01234567890")
+        f.write(data)
 
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Token too long in file header: 01234567890"):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:
         with Image.open(path):
             pass
+    assert "Token too long in file header: " in repr(e)
 
 
 def test_truncated_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_qoi.py

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image, QoiImagePlugin
 
-from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile
+from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile, hopper
 
 
 def test_sanity() -> None:
@@ -28,3 +30,28 @@ def test_invalid_file() -> None:
 
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
         QoiImagePlugin.QoiImageFile(invalid_file)
+
+
+def test_op_index() -> None:
+    # QOI_OP_INDEX as the first chunk
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/op_index.qoi") as im:
+        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+
+def test_save(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    f = tmp_path / "temp.qoi"
+
+    im = hopper()
+    im.save(f, colorspace="sRGB")
+
+    assert_image_equal_tofile(im, f)
+
+    for path in ("Tests/images/default_font.png", "Tests/images/pil123rgba.png"):
+        with Image.open(path) as im:
+            im.save(f)
+
+            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, f)
+
+    im = hopper("P")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unsupported QOI image mode"):
+        im.save(f)

Tests/test_file_sgi.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
@@ -71,6 +72,15 @@ def test_invalid_file() -> None:
         SgiImagePlugin.SgiImageFile(invalid_file)
 
 
+def test_unsupported_image_mode() -> None:
+    with open("Tests/images/hopper.rgb", "rb") as fp:
+        data = fp.read()
+    data = data[:3] + b"\x03" + data[4:]
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unsupported SGI image mode"):
+        with Image.open(BytesIO(data)):
+            pass
+
+
 def roundtrip(img: Image.Image, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     out = tmp_path / "temp.sgi"
     img.save(out, format="sgi")
@@ -109,3 +119,11 @@ def test_unsupported_mode(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         im.save(out, format="sgi")
+
+
+def test_unsupported_number_of_bytes_per_pixel(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    im = hopper()
+    out = tmp_path / "temp.sgi"
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unsupported number of bytes per pixel"):
+        im.save(out, bpc=3)

Tests/test_file_tga.py

@@ -190,7 +190,9 @@ def test_save_id_section(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
     # Save with custom id section greater than 255 characters
     id_section = b"Test content" * 25
-    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+    with pytest.warns(
+        UserWarning, match="id_section has been trimmed to 255 characters"
+    ):
         im.save(out, id_section=id_section)
 
     with Image.open(out) as test_im:
@@ -220,12 +222,16 @@ def test_horizontal_orientations() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/rgb32rle_top_right.tga") as im:
         px = im.load()
         assert px is not None
-        assert px[90, 90][:3] == (0, 0, 0)
+        value = px[90, 90]
+        assert isinstance(value, tuple)
+        assert value[:3] == (0, 0, 0)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/rgb32rle_bottom_right.tga") as im:
         px = im.load()
         assert px is not None
-        assert px[90, 90][:3] == (0, 255, 0)
+        value = px[90, 90]
+        assert isinstance(value, tuple)
+        assert value[:3] == (0, 255, 0)
 
 
 def test_save_rle(tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_tiff.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from PIL import (
     ImageFile,
     JpegImagePlugin,
     TiffImagePlugin,
+    TiffTags,
     UnidentifiedImageError,
 )
 from PIL.TiffImagePlugin import RESOLUTION_UNIT, X_RESOLUTION, Y_RESOLUTION
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ from .helper import (
     hopper,
     is_pypy,
     is_win32,
+    timeout_unless_slower_valgrind,
 )
 
 ElementTree: ModuleType | None
@@ -47,25 +49,10 @@ class TestFileTiff:
         assert im.size == (128, 128)
         assert im.format == "TIFF"
 
-        hopper("1").save(filename)
+        for mode in ("1", "L", "P", "RGB", "I", "I;16", "I;16L"):
-        with Image.open(filename):
+            hopper(mode).save(filename)
-            pass
+            with Image.open(filename):
-
+                pass
-        hopper("L").save(filename)
-        with Image.open(filename):
-            pass
-
-        hopper("P").save(filename)
-        with Image.open(filename):
-            pass
-
-        hopper("RGB").save(filename)
-        with Image.open(filename):
-            pass
-
-        hopper("I").save(filename)
-        with Image.open(filename):
-            pass
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
     def test_unclosed_file(self) -> None:
@@ -234,7 +221,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
 
             # Should not raise struct.error.
-            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+            with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="Corrupt EXIF data"):
                 im._getexif()
 
     def test_save_rgba(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -694,16 +681,21 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             assert im.tag_v2[278] == 256
 
         im = hopper()
+        im.encoderinfo = {"tiffinfo": {278: 100}}
         im2 = Image.new("L", (128, 128))
-        im2.encoderinfo = {"tiffinfo": {278: 256}}
+        im3 = im2.copy()
-        im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im2])
+        im3.encoderinfo = {"tiffinfo": {278: 300}}
+        im.save(outfile, save_all=True, tiffinfo={278: 200}, append_images=[im2, im3])
 
         with Image.open(outfile) as im:
             assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
-            assert im.tag_v2[278] == 128
+            assert im.tag_v2[278] == 100
 
             im.seek(1)
-            assert im.tag_v2[278] == 256
+            assert im.tag_v2[278] == 200
+
+            im.seek(2)
+            assert im.tag_v2[278] == 300
 
     def test_strip_raw(self) -> None:
         infile = "Tests/images/tiff_strip_raw.tif"
@@ -899,6 +891,29 @@ class TestFileTiff:
                 assert description[0]["format"] == "image/tiff"
                 assert description[3]["BitsPerSample"]["Seq"]["li"] == ["8", "8", "8"]
 
+    def test_getxmp_undefined(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        tmpfile = tmp_path / "temp.tif"
+        im = Image.new("L", (1, 1))
+        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
+        ifd.tagtype[700] = TiffTags.UNDEFINED
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/lab.tif") as im_xmp:
+            ifd[700] = im_xmp.info["xmp"]
+        im.save(tmpfile, tiffinfo=ifd)
+
+        with Image.open(tmpfile) as im_reloaded:
+            if ElementTree is None:
+                with pytest.warns(
+                    UserWarning,
+                    match="XMP data cannot be read without defusedxml dependency",
+                ):
+                    assert im_reloaded.getxmp() == {}
+            else:
+                assert "xmp" in im_reloaded.info
+                xmp = im_reloaded.getxmp()
+
+                description = xmp["xmpmeta"]["RDF"]["Description"]
+                assert description[0]["format"] == "image/tiff"
+
     def test_get_photoshop_blocks(self) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/lab.tif") as im:
             assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
@@ -988,7 +1003,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             with pytest.raises(OSError):
                 im.load()
 
-    @pytest.mark.timeout(6)
+    @timeout_unless_slower_valgrind(6)
     @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:Truncated File Read")
     def test_timeout(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/timeout-6646305047838720") as im:
@@ -1001,10 +1016,10 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             "Tests/images/oom-225817ca0f8c663be7ab4b9e717b02c661e66834.tif",
         ],
     )
-    @pytest.mark.timeout(2)
+    @timeout_unless_slower_valgrind(2)
     def test_oom(self, test_file: str) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):
-            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+            with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="Corrupt EXIF data"):
                 with Image.open(test_file):
                     pass
 

Tests/test_file_tiff_metadata.py

@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ def test_empty_metadata() -> None:
     head = f.read(8)
     info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory(head)
     # Should not raise struct.error.
-    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="Corrupt EXIF data"):
         info.load(f)
 
 
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ def test_too_many_entries() -> None:
     ifd.tagtype[277] = TiffTags.SHORT
 
     # Should not raise ValueError.
-    with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="Metadata Warning"):
         assert ifd[277] == 4
 
 

Tests/test_file_webp.py

@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ class TestUnsupportedWebp:
             monkeypatch.setattr(WebPImagePlugin, "SUPPORTED", False)
 
         file_path = "Tests/images/hopper.webp"
-        with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+        with pytest.raises(OSError):
-            with pytest.raises(OSError):
+            with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="WEBP support not installed"):
                 with Image.open(file_path):
                     pass
 
@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ class TestFileWebp:
         # Save P mode GIF with background
         with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
             original_value = im.convert("RGB").getpixel((1, 1))
+            assert isinstance(original_value, tuple)
 
             # Save as WEBP
             im.save(out_webp, save_all=True)
@@ -236,6 +237,7 @@ class TestFileWebp:
 
         with Image.open(out_gif) as reread:
             reread_value = reread.convert("RGB").getpixel((1, 1))
+        assert isinstance(reread_value, tuple)
         difference = sum(abs(original_value[i] - reread_value[i]) for i in range(3))
         assert difference < 5
 

Tests/test_file_xpm.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from io import BytesIO
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image, XpmImagePlugin
@@ -17,7 +19,45 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
         assert im.format == "XPM"
 
         # large error due to quantization->44 colors.
-        assert_image_similar(im.convert("RGB"), hopper("RGB"), 60)
+        assert_image_similar(im.convert("RGB"), hopper(), 23)
+
+
+def test_bpp2() -> None:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_bpp2.xpm") as im:
+        assert_image_similar(im.convert("RGB"), hopper(), 11)
+
+
+def test_rgb() -> None:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_rgb.xpm") as im:
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"
+        assert_image_similar(im, hopper(), 16)
+
+
+def test_truncated_header() -> None:
+    data = b"/* XPM */"
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="broken XPM file"):
+        with XpmImagePlugin.XpmImageFile(BytesIO(data)):
+            pass
+
+
+def test_cannot_read_color() -> None:
+    with open(TEST_FILE, "rb") as fp:
+        data = fp.read().split(b"#")[0]
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="cannot read this XPM file"):
+        with Image.open(BytesIO(data)):
+            pass
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="cannot read this XPM file"):
+        with Image.open(BytesIO(data + b"invalid")):
+            pass
+
+
+def test_not_enough_image_data() -> None:
+    with open(TEST_FILE, "rb") as fp:
+        data = fp.read().split(b"/* pixels */")[0]
+    with Image.open(BytesIO(data)) as im:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="not enough image data"):
+            im.load()
 
 
 def test_invalid_file() -> None:

Tests/test_image.py

@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ from .helper import (
     assert_image_similar_tofile,
     assert_not_all_same,
     hopper,
-    is_big_endian,
     is_win32,
     mark_if_feature_version,
     skip_unless_feature,
+    timeout_unless_slower_valgrind,
 )
 
 ElementTree: ModuleType | None
@@ -50,19 +50,10 @@ except ImportError:
     PrettyPrinter = None
 
 
-# Deprecation helper
-def helper_image_new(mode: str, size: tuple[int, int]) -> Image.Image:
-    if mode.startswith("BGR;"):
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-            return Image.new(mode, size)
-    else:
-        return Image.new(mode, size)
-
-
 class TestImage:
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES + ["BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES)
     def test_image_modes_success(self, mode: str) -> None:
-        helper_image_new(mode, (1, 1))
+        Image.new(mode, (1, 1))
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("", "bad", "very very long"))
     def test_image_modes_fail(self, mode: str) -> None:
@@ -141,8 +132,8 @@ class TestImage:
         monkeypatch.setattr(Image, "WARN_POSSIBLE_FORMATS", True)
 
         im = io.BytesIO(b"")
-        with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+        with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):
-            with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):
+            with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="opening failed"):
                 with Image.open(im):
                     pass
 
@@ -160,6 +151,10 @@ class TestImage:
         with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
             im.mode = "P"  # type: ignore[misc]
 
+    def test_empty_path(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+            Image.open("")
+
     def test_invalid_image(self) -> None:
         im = io.BytesIO(b"")
         with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):
@@ -259,6 +254,15 @@ class TestImage:
             assert im.readonly
             im.save(temp_file)
 
+    def test_save_without_changing_readonly(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        temp_file = tmp_path / "temp.bmp"
+
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/rgb32bf-rgba.bmp") as im:
+            assert im.readonly
+
+            im.save(temp_file)
+            assert im.readonly
+
     def test_dump(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im = Image.new("L", (10, 10))
         im._dump(str(tmp_path / "temp_L.ppm"))
@@ -635,10 +639,7 @@ class TestImage:
         i = Image.new("RGB", [1, 1])
         assert isinstance(i.size, tuple)
 
-    @pytest.mark.timeout(0.75)
+    @timeout_unless_slower_valgrind(0.75)
-    @pytest.mark.skipif(
-        "PILLOW_VALGRIND_TEST" in os.environ, reason="Valgrind is slower"
-    )
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", ((0, 100000000), (100000000, 0)))
     def test_empty_image(self, size: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
         Image.new("RGB", size)
@@ -736,6 +737,7 @@ class TestImage:
         im_remapped = im.remap_palette(list(range(256)))
         assert_image_equal(im, im_remapped)
         assert im.palette is not None
+        assert im_remapped.palette is not None
         assert im.palette.palette == im_remapped.palette.palette
 
         # Test illegal image mode
@@ -1038,6 +1040,11 @@ class TestImage:
                     assert tag not in exif.get_ifd(0x8769)
                 assert exif.get_ifd(0xA005)
 
+    def test_exif_from_xmp_bytes(self) -> None:
+        im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
+        im.info["xmp"] = b'\xff tiff:Orientation="2"'
+        assert im.getexif()[274] == 2
+
     def test_empty_xmp(self) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.gif") as im:
             if ElementTree is None:
@@ -1054,7 +1061,7 @@ class TestImage:
         im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
         im.info["xmp"] = (
             b'<?xpacket begin="\xef\xbb\xbf" id="W5M0MpCehiHzreSzNTczkc9d"?>\n'
-            b'<x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/" />\n<?xpacket end="w"?>\x00\x00'
+            b'<x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/" />\n<?xpacket end="w"?>\x00\x00 '
         )
         if ElementTree is None:
             with pytest.warns(
@@ -1067,7 +1074,7 @@ class TestImage:
 
     def test_get_child_images(self) -> None:
         im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="Image.Image.get_child_images"):
             assert im.get_child_images() == []
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", ((1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0)))
@@ -1197,39 +1204,29 @@ class TestImage:
             assert len(caplog.records) == 0
             assert im.fp is None
 
-    def test_deprecation(self) -> None:
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-            assert not Image.isImageType(None)
-
 
 class TestImageBytes:
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES + ["BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES)
     def test_roundtrip_bytes_constructor(self, mode: str) -> None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         source_bytes = im.tobytes()
 
-        if mode.startswith("BGR;"):
+        reloaded = Image.frombytes(mode, im.size, source_bytes)
-            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-                reloaded = Image.frombytes(mode, im.size, source_bytes)
-        else:
-            reloaded = Image.frombytes(mode, im.size, source_bytes)
         assert reloaded.tobytes() == source_bytes
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES + ["BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES)
     def test_roundtrip_bytes_method(self, mode: str) -> None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         source_bytes = im.tobytes()
 
-        reloaded = helper_image_new(mode, im.size)
+        reloaded = Image.new(mode, im.size)
         reloaded.frombytes(source_bytes)
         assert reloaded.tobytes() == source_bytes
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES + ["BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", Image.MODES)
     def test_getdata_putdata(self, mode: str) -> None:
-        if is_big_endian() and mode == "BGR;15":
-            pytest.xfail("Known failure of BGR;15 on big-endian")
         im = hopper(mode)
-        reloaded = helper_image_new(mode, im.size)
+        reloaded = Image.new(mode, im.size)
         reloaded.putdata(im.getdata())
         assert_image_equal(im, reloaded)
 

Tests/test_image_access.py

@@ -123,10 +123,6 @@ class TestImageGetPixel:
         bands = Image.getmodebands(mode)
         if bands == 1:
             return 1
-        if mode in ("BGR;15", "BGR;16"):
-            # These modes have less than 8 bits per band,
-            # so (1, 2, 3) cannot be roundtripped.
-            return (16, 32, 49)
         return tuple(range(1, bands + 1))
 
     def check(self, mode: str, expected_color_int: int | None = None) -> None:
@@ -191,11 +187,6 @@ class TestImageGetPixel:
     def test_basic(self, mode: str) -> None:
         self.check(mode)
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"))
-    def test_deprecated(self, mode: str) -> None:
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-            self.check(mode)
-
     def test_list(self) -> None:
         im = hopper()
         assert im.getpixel([0, 0]) == (20, 20, 70)
@@ -218,7 +209,7 @@ class TestImageGetPixel:
 
 
 class TestImagePutPixelError:
-    IMAGE_MODES1 = ["LA", "RGB", "RGBA", "BGR;15"]
+    IMAGE_MODES1 = ["LA", "RGB", "RGBA"]
     IMAGE_MODES2 = ["L", "I", "I;16"]
     INVALID_TYPES = ["foo", 1.0, None]
 
@@ -234,11 +225,6 @@ class TestImagePutPixelError:
         (
             ("L", (0, 2), "color must be int or single-element tuple"),
             ("LA", (0, 3), "color must be int, or tuple of one or two elements"),
-            (
-                "BGR;15",
-                (0, 2),
-                "color must be int, or tuple of one or three elements",
-            ),
             (
                 "RGB",
                 (0, 2, 5),

Tests/test_image_array.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 from packaging.version import parse as parse_version
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ numpy = pytest.importorskip("numpy", reason="NumPy not installed")
 
 im = hopper().resize((128, 100))
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import numpy.typing as npt
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ def test_toarray() -> None:
             with pytest.raises(OSError):
                 numpy.array(im_truncated)
         else:
-            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="__array_interface__"):
                 numpy.array(im_truncated)
 
 
@@ -101,7 +102,8 @@ def test_fromarray_strides_without_tobytes() -> None:
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         wrapped = Wrapper({"shape": (1, 1), "strides": (1, 1)})
-        Image.fromarray(wrapped, "L")
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="'mode' parameter"):
+            Image.fromarray(wrapped, "L")
 
 
 def test_fromarray_palette() -> None:
@@ -110,7 +112,8 @@ def test_fromarray_palette() -> None:
     a = numpy.array(i)
 
     # Act
-    out = Image.fromarray(a, "P")
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="'mode' parameter"):
+        out = Image.fromarray(a, "P")
 
     # Assert that the Python and C palettes match
     assert out.palette is not None

Tests/test_image_convert.py

@@ -203,7 +203,10 @@ def test_trns_RGB(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert "transparency" not in im_rgba.info
     assert im_rgba.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
-    im_p = pytest.warns(UserWarning, im.convert, "P", palette=Image.Palette.ADAPTIVE)
+    with pytest.warns(
+        UserWarning, match="Couldn't allocate palette entry for transparency"
+    ):
+        im_p = im.convert("P", palette=Image.Palette.ADAPTIVE)
     assert "transparency" not in im_p.info
     im_p.save(f)
 

Tests/test_image_getim.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import pytest
-
 from .helper import hopper
 
 
@@ -10,10 +8,3 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
     type_repr = repr(type(im.getim()))
     assert "PyCapsule" in type_repr
-
-    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-        assert isinstance(im.im.id, int)
-
-    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-        ptrs = dict(im.im.unsafe_ptrs)
-    assert ptrs.keys() == {"image8", "image32", "image"}

Tests/test_image_putdata.py

@@ -78,16 +78,6 @@ def test_mode_F() -> None:
     assert list(im.getdata()) == target
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("BGR;15", "BGR;16", "BGR;24"))
-def test_mode_BGR(mode: str) -> None:
-    data = [(16, 32, 49), (32, 32, 98)]
-    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-        im = Image.new(mode, (1, 2))
-    im.putdata(data)
-
-    assert list(im.getdata()) == data
-
-
 def test_array_B() -> None:
     # shouldn't segfault
     # see https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1008

Tests/test_image_quantize.py

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ def test_quantize_no_dither() -> None:
     converted = image.quantize(dither=Image.Dither.NONE, palette=palette)
     assert converted.mode == "P"
     assert converted.palette is not None
+    assert palette.palette is not None
     assert converted.palette.palette == palette.palette.palette
 
 

Tests/test_image_resample.py

@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ class TestCoreResampleBox:
         im.resize((32, 32), resample, (20, 20, 20, 100))
         im.resize((32, 32), resample, (20, 20, 100, 20))
 
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="must be sequence of length 4"):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="must be (sequence|tuple) of length 4"):
             im.resize((32, 32), resample, (im.width, im.height))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="can't be negative"):

Tests/test_image_resize.py

@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ class TestImageResize:
         im = hopper(mode)
         assert im.resize((20, 20), Image.Resampling.BICUBIC) == im.resize((20, 20))
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "P", "BGR;15", "BGR;16"))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "P"))
     def test_default_filter_nearest(self, mode: str) -> None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         assert im.resize((20, 20), Image.Resampling.NEAREST) == im.resize((20, 20))

Tests/test_image_transform.py

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ class TestImageTransform:
                 im.size, Image.Transform.AFFINE, [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]
             )
             assert im.palette is not None
+            assert transformed.palette is not None
             assert im.palette.palette == transformed.palette.palette
 
     def test_extent(self) -> None: