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2
.travis.yml
View File

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ python:
- 3.2
- 3.3
install: "sudo apt-get -qq install libfreetype6-dev liblcms1-dev libwebp-dev"
install: "sudo apt-get -qq install libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev libwebp-dev"
script:
- python setup.py clean

30
CHANGES.rst
View File

@ -4,11 +4,35 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
2.3.0 (2014-01-01)
------------------
- Port PIL Handbook tutorial and appendices [irksep]
- LCMS support upgraded from version 1 to version 2, fixes #343
[wiredfool]
- Alpha Premultiplication support for transform and resize [wiredfool]
- Added more raw decoder 16 bit pixel formats
[svanheulen]
- Fixes to make Pypy 2.1.0 work on Ubuntu 12.04/64 [wiredfool]
- Document remaining Image* modules listed in PIL handbook
[irksep]
- Document ImageEnhance, ImageFile, ImageFilter, ImageFont, ImageGrab, ImageMath, and ImageOps
[irksep]
- Port and update docs for Image, ImageChops, ImageColor, and ImageDraw
[irksep]
- Move or copy content from README.rst to docs/
[irksep]
- Respect CFLAGS/LDFLAGS when searching for headers/libs
[iElectric]
- Port PIL Handbook tutorial and appendices
[irksep]
- Alpha Premultiplication support for transform and resize
[wiredfool]
- Fixes to make Pypy 2.1.0 work on Ubuntu 12.04/64
[wiredfool]
2.2.1 (2013-10-02)
------------------

1
CONTRIBUTORS.rst
View File

@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ Contributors (Pillow)
- Sandro Mani <manisandro __at__ gmail.com>
- Simon Law <simon.law __at__ ecometrica.com>
- Stéphane Klein <stephane __at__ harobed.org>
- Steve Johnson <steve __at__ steveasleep.com>
- Takeshi KOMIYA <i.tkomiya __at__ gmail.com>
- Tom Gross <tom __at__ toms-projekte.de>
- Tom Payne <twpayne __at__ gmail.com>

261
PIL/Image.py
View File

@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ try:
except ImportError as v:
core = _imaging_not_installed()
# Explanations for ways that we know we might have an import error
# Explanations for ways that we know we might have an import error
if str(v).startswith("Module use of python"):
# The _imaging C module is present, but not compiled for
# the right version (windows only). Print a warning, if
@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ except ImportError as v:
"recompile PIL or build Python --with-wide-unicode. ",
RuntimeWarning
)
# Fail here anyway. Don't let people run with a mostly broken Pillow.
raise
# Fail here anyway. Don't let people run with a mostly broken Pillow.
raise
try:
import builtins
@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ _MODEINFO = {
"RGBA": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B", "A")),
"CMYK": ("RGB", "L", ("C", "M", "Y", "K")),
"YCbCr": ("RGB", "L", ("Y", "Cb", "Cr")),
"LAB": ("RGB", "L", ("L", "A", "B")),
# Experimental modes include I;16, I;16L, I;16B, RGBa, BGR;15, and
# BGR;24. Use these modes only if you know exactly what you're
@ -224,16 +225,18 @@ _MODE_CONV = {
"RGBA": ('|u1', 4),
"CMYK": ('|u1', 4),
"YCbCr": ('|u1', 3),
"I;16": ('=u2', None),
"LAB": ('|u1', 3), # UNDONE - unsigned |u1i1i1
# I;16 == I;16L, and I;32 == I;32L
"I;16": ('<u2', None),
"I;16B": ('>u2', None),
"I;16L": ('<u2', None),
"I;16S": ('=i2', None),
"I;16S": ('<i2', None),
"I;16BS": ('>i2', None),
"I;16LS": ('<i2', None),
"I;32": ('=u4', None),
"I;32": ('<u4', None),
"I;32B": ('>u4', None),
"I;32L": ('<u4', None),
"I;32S": ('=i4', None),
"I;32S": ('<i4', None),
"I;32BS": ('>i4', None),
"I;32LS": ('<i4', None),
}
@ -281,10 +284,10 @@ def getmodetype(mode):
def getmodebandnames(mode):
"""
Gets a list of individual band names. Given a mode, this function
returns a tuple containing the names of individual bands (use
:func:`PIL.Image.getmodetype` to get the mode used to store each individual
band.
Gets a list of individual band names. Given a mode, this function returns
a tuple containing the names of individual bands (use
:py:method:`~PIL.Image.getmodetype` to get the mode used to store each
individual band.
:param mode: Input mode.
:returns: A tuple containing band names. The length of the tuple
@ -443,13 +446,14 @@ def _getscaleoffset(expr):
class Image:
"""
This class represents an image object. To create Image objects, use
the appropriate factory functions. There's hardly ever any reason
to call the Image constructor directly.
This class represents an image object. To create
:py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` objects, use the appropriate factory
functions. There's hardly ever any reason to call the Image constructor
directly.
* :func:`PIL.Image.open`
* :func:`PIL.Image.new`
* :func:`PIL.Image.frombytes`
* :py:func:`~PIL.Image.open`
* :py:func:`~PIL.Image.new`
* :py:func:`~PIL.Image.frombytes`
"""
format = None
format_description = None
@ -588,8 +592,8 @@ class Image:
"""
Loads this image with pixel data from a bytes object.
This method is similar to the :func:`PIL.Image.frombytes` function, but
loads data into this image instead of creating a new image object.
This method is similar to the :py:func:`~PIL.Image.frombytes` function,
but loads data into this image instead of creating a new image object.
"""
# may pass tuple instead of argument list
@ -611,7 +615,10 @@ class Image:
raise ValueError("cannot decode image data")
def fromstring(self, *args, **kw):
""" Deprecated alias to frombytes """
"""Deprecated alias to frombytes.
.. deprecated:: 2.0
"""
warnings.warn('fromstring() is deprecated. Please call frombytes() instead.', DeprecationWarning)
return self.frombytes(*args, **kw)
@ -651,7 +658,7 @@ class Image:
"""
pass
def convert(self, mode=None, data=None, dither=None,
def convert(self, mode=None, matrix=None, dither=None,
palette=WEB, colors=256):
"""
Returns a converted copy of this image. For the "P" mode, this
@ -660,16 +667,17 @@ class Image:
and the palette can be represented without a palette.
The current version supports all possible conversions between
"L", "RGB" and "CMYK."
"L", "RGB" and "CMYK." The **matrix** argument only supports "L"
and "RGB".
When translating a colour image to black and white (mode "L"),
the library uses the ITU-R 601-2 luma transform:
When translating a color image to black and white (mode "L"),
the library uses the ITU-R 601-2 luma transform::
L = R * 299/1000 + G * 587/1000 + B * 114/1000
When translating a greyscale image into a bilevel image (mode
"1"), all non-zero values are set to 255 (white). To use other
thresholds, use the :func:`PIL.Image.Image.point` method.
thresholds, use the :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.point` method.
:param mode: The requested mode.
:param matrix: An optional conversion matrix. If given, this
@ -681,8 +689,8 @@ class Image:
to "P". Available palettes are WEB or ADAPTIVE.
:param colors: Number of colors to use for the ADAPTIVE palette.
Defaults to 256.
:rtype: :class:`PIL.Image.Image`
:returns: An Image object.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
if not mode:
@ -698,18 +706,18 @@ class Image:
self.load()
if data:
if matrix:
# matrix conversion
if mode not in ("L", "RGB"):
raise ValueError("illegal conversion")
im = self.im.convert_matrix(mode, data)
im = self.im.convert_matrix(mode, matrix)
return self._new(im)
if mode == "P" and palette == ADAPTIVE:
im = self.im.quantize(colors)
return self._new(im)
# colourspace conversion
# colorspace conversion
if dither is None:
dither = FLOYDSTEINBERG
@ -767,8 +775,8 @@ class Image:
Copies this image. Use this method if you wish to paste things
into an image, but still retain the original.
:rtype: :class:`PIL.Image.Image`
:returns: An Image object.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
self.load()
im = self.im.copy()
@ -782,12 +790,12 @@ class Image:
This is a lazy operation. Changes to the source image may or
may not be reflected in the cropped image. To break the
connection, call the {@link #Image.load} method on the cropped
copy.
connection, call the :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.load` method on
the cropped copy.
:param box: The crop rectangle, as a (left, upper, right, lower)-tuple.
:rtype: :class:`PIL.Image.Image`
:returns: An Image object.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
self.load()
@ -801,12 +809,13 @@ class Image:
"""
Configures the image file loader so it returns a version of the
image that as closely as possible matches the given mode and
size. For example, you can use this method to convert a colour
size. For example, you can use this method to convert a color
JPEG to greyscale while loading it, or to extract a 128x192
version from a PCD file.
Note that this method modifies the Image object in place. If
the image has already been loaded, this method has no effect.
Note that this method modifies the :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object
in place. If the image has already been loaded, this method has no
effect.
:param mode: The requested mode.
:param size: The requested size.
@ -822,11 +831,10 @@ class Image:
def filter(self, filter):
"""
Filters this image using the given filter. For a list of
available filters, see the :mod:`PIL.ImageFilter` module.
available filters, see the :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageFilter` module.
:param filter: Filter kernel.
:returns: An Image object.
"""
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object. """
self.load()
@ -1014,18 +1022,18 @@ class Image:
def offset(self, xoffset, yoffset=None):
"""
(Deprecated) Returns a copy of the image where the data has been
offset by the given distances. Data wraps around the edges. If
yoffset is omitted, it is assumed to be equal to xoffset.
.. deprecated:: 2.0
This method is deprecated. New code should use the
:func:`PIL.ImageChops.offset` function in the
:mod:`PIL.ImageChops` module.
.. note:: New code should use :py:func:`PIL.ImageChops.offset`.
Returns a copy of the image where the data has been offset by the given
distances. Data wraps around the edges. If **yoffset** is omitted, it
is assumed to be equal to **xoffset**.
:param xoffset: The horizontal distance.
:param yoffset: The vertical distance. If omitted, both
distances are set to the same value.
:returns: An Image object.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
if warnings:
warnings.warn(
@ -1043,14 +1051,14 @@ class Image:
(0, 0)). If a 4-tuple is given, the size of the pasted image
must match the size of the region.
If the modes don't match, the pasted image is converted to the
mode of this image (see the :func:`PIL.Image.Image.convert` method for
If the modes don't match, the pasted image is converted to the mode of
this image (see the :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.convert` method for
details).
Instead of an image, the source can be a integer or tuple
containing pixel values. The method then fills the region
with the given colour. When creating RGB images, you can
also use colour strings as supported by the ImageColor module.
with the given color. When creating RGB images, you can
also use color strings as supported by the ImageColor module.
If a mask is given, this method updates only the regions
indicated by the mask. You can use either "1", "L" or "RGBA"
@ -1073,7 +1081,7 @@ class Image:
third, the box defaults to (0, 0), and the second argument
is interpreted as a mask image.
:param mask: An optional mask image.
:returns: An Image object.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
if isImageType(box) and mask is None:
@ -1131,7 +1139,7 @@ class Image:
:param mode: Output mode (default is same as input). In the
current version, this can only be used if the source image
has mode "L" or "P", and the output has mode "1".
:returns: An Image object.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
self.load()
@ -1260,19 +1268,19 @@ class Image:
def putpixel(self, xy, value):
"""
Modifies the pixel at the given position. The colour is given as
Modifies the pixel at the given position. The color is given as
a single numerical value for single-band images, and a tuple for
multi-band images.
Note that this method is relatively slow. For more extensive
changes, use :func:`PIL.Image.Image.paste` or the :mod:`PIL.ImageDraw`
Note that this method is relatively slow. For more extensive changes,
use :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.paste` or the :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageDraw`
module instead.
See:
* :func:`PIL.Image.Image.paste`
* :func:`PIL.Image.Image.putdata`
* :mod:`PIL.ImageDraw`
* :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.paste`
* :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.putdata`
* :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageDraw`
:param xy: The pixel coordinate, given as (x, y).
:param value: The pixel value.
@ -1291,14 +1299,14 @@ class Image:
:param size: The requested size in pixels, as a 2-tuple:
(width, height).
:param filter: An optional resampling filter. This can be
one of :attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST` (use nearest neighbour),
:attr:`PIL.Image.BILINEAR` (linear interpolation in a 2x2
environment), :attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC` (cubic spline
one of :py:attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST` (use nearest neighbour),
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.BILINEAR` (linear interpolation in a 2x2
environment), :py:attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC` (cubic spline
interpolation in a 4x4 environment), or
:attr:`PIL.Image.ANTIALIAS` (a high-quality downsampling filter).
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.ANTIALIAS` (a high-quality downsampling filter).
If omitted, or if the image has mode "1" or "P", it is
set :attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`.
:returns: An Image object.
set :py:attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
if resample not in (NEAREST, BILINEAR, BICUBIC, ANTIALIAS):
@ -1331,17 +1339,17 @@ class Image:
:param angle: In degrees counter clockwise.
:param filter: An optional resampling filter. This can be
one of :attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST` (use nearest neighbour),
:attr:`PIL.Image.BILINEAR` (linear interpolation in a 2x2
environment), or :attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC`
one of :py:attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST` (use nearest neighbour),
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.BILINEAR` (linear interpolation in a 2x2
environment), or :py:attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC`
(cubic spline interpolation in a 4x4 environment).
If omitted, or if the image has mode "1" or "P", it is
set :attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`.
set :py:attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`.
:param expand: Optional expansion flag. If true, expands the output
image to make it large enough to hold the entire rotated image.
If false or omitted, make the output image the same size as the
input image.
:returns: An Image object.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
if expand:
@ -1469,7 +1477,7 @@ class Image:
Note that in the current version of the library, most sequence
formats only allows you to seek to the next frame.
See :func:`PIL.Image.Image.tell`.
See :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.tell`.
:param frame: Frame number, starting at 0.
:exception EOFError: If the call attempts to seek beyond the end
@ -1520,7 +1528,7 @@ class Image:
def tell(self):
"""
Returns the current frame number. See :func:`PIL.Image.Image.seek`.
Returns the current frame number. See :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.seek`.
:returns: Frame number, starting with 0.
"""
@ -1532,24 +1540,24 @@ class Image:
image to contain a thumbnail version of itself, no larger than
the given size. This method calculates an appropriate thumbnail
size to preserve the aspect of the image, calls the
:func:`PIL.Image.Image.draft` method to configure the file reader
:py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.draft` method to configure the file reader
(where applicable), and finally resizes the image.
Note that the bilinear and bicubic filters in the current
version of PIL are not well-suited for thumbnail generation.
You should use :attr:`PIL.Image.ANTIALIAS` unless speed is much more
You should use :py:attr:`PIL.Image.ANTIALIAS` unless speed is much more
important than quality.
Also note that this function modifies the Image object in place.
If you need to use the full resolution image as well, apply this
method to a :func:`PIL.Image.Image.copy` of the original image.
Also note that this function modifies the :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
object in place. If you need to use the full resolution image as well, apply
this method to a :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.copy` of the original image.
:param size: Requested size.
:param resample: Optional resampling filter. This can be one
of :attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`, :attr:`PIL.Image.BILINEAR`,
:attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC`, or :attr:`PIL.Image.ANTIALIAS`
of :py:attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`, :py:attr:`PIL.Image.BILINEAR`,
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC`, or :py:attr:`PIL.Image.ANTIALIAS`
(best quality). If omitted, it defaults to
:attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST` (this will be changed to ANTIALIAS in a
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST` (this will be changed to ANTIALIAS in a
future version).
:returns: None
"""
@ -1593,20 +1601,20 @@ class Image:
:param size: The output size.
:param method: The transformation method. This is one of
:attr:`PIL.Image.EXTENT` (cut out a rectangular subregion),
:attr:`PIL.Image.AFFINE` (affine transform),
:attr:`PIL.Image.PERSPECTIVE` (perspective transform),
:attr:`PIL.Image.QUAD` (map a quadrilateral to a rectangle), or
:attr:`PIL.Image.MESH` (map a number of source quadrilaterals
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.EXTENT` (cut out a rectangular subregion),
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.AFFINE` (affine transform),
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.PERSPECTIVE` (perspective transform),
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.QUAD` (map a quadrilateral to a rectangle), or
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.MESH` (map a number of source quadrilaterals
in one operation).
:param data: Extra data to the transformation method.
:param resample: Optional resampling filter. It can be one of
:attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST` (use nearest neighbour),
:attr:`PIL.Image.BILINEAR` (linear interpolation in a 2x2
environment), or :attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC` (cubic spline
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST` (use nearest neighbour),
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.BILINEAR` (linear interpolation in a 2x2
environment), or :py:attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC` (cubic spline
interpolation in a 4x4 environment). If omitted, or if the image
has mode "1" or "P", it is set to :attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`.
:returns: An Image object.
has mode "1" or "P", it is set to :py:attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
if self.mode == 'RGBA':
@ -1619,7 +1627,7 @@ class Image:
method, data = method.getdata()
if data is None:
raise ValueError("missing method data")
im = new(self.mode, size, None)
if method == MESH:
# list of quads
@ -1627,7 +1635,7 @@ class Image:
im.__transformer(box, self, QUAD, quad, resample, fill)
else:
im.__transformer((0, 0)+size, self, method, data, resample, fill)
return im
def __transformer(self, box, image, method, data,
@ -1682,9 +1690,9 @@ class Image:
"""
Transpose image (flip or rotate in 90 degree steps)
:param method: One of :attr:`PIL.Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT`,
:attr:`PIL.Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM`, :attr:`PIL.Image.ROTATE_90`,
:attr:`PIL.Image.ROTATE_180`, or :attr:`PIL.Image.ROTATE_270`.
:param method: One of :py:attr:`PIL.Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT`,
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM`, :py:attr:`PIL.Image.ROTATE_90`,
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.ROTATE_180`, or :py:attr:`PIL.Image.ROTATE_270`.
:returns: Returns a flipped or rotated copy of this image.
"""
@ -1756,13 +1764,13 @@ def new(mode, size, color=0):
:param mode: The mode to use for the new image.
:param size: A 2-tuple, containing (width, height) in pixels.
:param color: What colour to use for the image. Default is black.
:param color: What color to use for the image. Default is black.
If given, this should be a single integer or floating point value
for single-band modes, and a tuple for multi-band modes (one value
per band). When creating RGB images, you can also use colour
strings as supported by the ImageColor module. If the colour is
per band). When creating RGB images, you can also use color
strings as supported by the ImageColor module. If the color is
None, the image is not initialised.
:returns: An Image object.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
if color is None:
@ -1791,14 +1799,15 @@ def frombytes(mode, size, data, decoder_name="raw", *args):
Note that this function decodes pixel data only, not entire images.
If you have an entire image in a string, wrap it in a
**BytesIO** object, and use :func:`PIL.Image.open` to load it.
:py:class:`~io.BytesIO` object, and use :py:func:`~PIL.Image.open` to load
it.
:param mode: The image mode.
:param size: The image size.
:param data: A byte buffer containing raw data for the given mode.
:param decoder_name: What decoder to use.
:param args: Additional parameters for the given decoder.
:returns: An Image object.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
# may pass tuple instead of argument list
@ -1813,7 +1822,10 @@ def frombytes(mode, size, data, decoder_name="raw", *args):
return im
def fromstring(*args, **kw):
" Deprecated alias to frombytes "
"""Deprecated alias to frombytes.
.. deprecated:: 2.0
"""
warnings.warn(
'fromstring() is deprecated. Please call frombytes() instead.',
DeprecationWarning,
@ -1826,21 +1838,20 @@ def frombuffer(mode, size, data, decoder_name="raw", *args):
"""
Creates an image memory referencing pixel data in a byte buffer.
This function is similar to :func:`PIL.Image.frombytes`, but uses data in
the byte buffer, where possible. This means that changes to the
original buffer object are reflected in this image). Not all modes
can share memory; supported modes include "L", "RGBX", "RGBA", and
"CMYK".
This function is similar to :py:func:`~PIL.Image.frombytes`, but uses data
in the byte buffer, where possible. This means that changes to the
original buffer object are reflected in this image). Not all modes can
share memory; supported modes include "L", "RGBX", "RGBA", and "CMYK".
Note that this function decodes pixel data only, not entire images.
If you have an entire image file in a string, wrap it in a
**BytesIO** object, and use :func:`PIL.Image.open` to load it.
**BytesIO** object, and use :py:func:`~PIL.Image.open` to load it.
In the current version, the default parameters used for the "raw" decoder
differs from that used for :func:`PIL.Image.fromstring`. This is a bug,
and will probably be fixed in a future release. The current release issues
a warning if you do this; to disable the warning, you should provide the
full set of parameters. See below for details.
differs from that used for :py:func:`~PIL.Image.fromstring`. This is a
bug, and will probably be fixed in a future release. The current release
issues a warning if you do this; to disable the warning, you should provide
the full set of parameters. See below for details.
:param mode: The image mode.
:param size: The image size.
@ -1853,7 +1864,7 @@ def frombuffer(mode, size, data, decoder_name="raw", *args):
frombuffer(mode, size, data, "raw", mode, 0, 1)
:returns: An Image object.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.4
"""
@ -1890,7 +1901,7 @@ def fromarray(obj, mode=None):
(using the buffer protocol).
If obj is not contiguous, then the tobytes method is called
and :func:`PIL.Image.frombuffer` is used.
and :py:func:`~PIL.Image.frombuffer` is used.
:param obj: Object with array interface
:param mode: Mode to use (will be determined from type if None)
@ -1961,14 +1972,14 @@ def open(fp, mode="r"):
This is a lazy operation; this function identifies the file, but the
actual image data is not read from the file until you try to process
the data (or call the :func:`PIL.Image.Image.load` method).
See :func:`PIL.Image.new`
the data (or call the :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.load` method).
See :py:func:`~PIL.Image.new`.
:param file: A filename (string) or a file object. The file object
must implement **read**, **seek**, and **tell** methods,
and be opened in binary mode.
must implement :py:meth:`~file.read`, :py:meth:`~file.seek`, and
:py:meth:`~file.tell` methods, and be opened in binary mode.
:param mode: The mode. If given, this argument must be "r".
:returns: An Image object.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
:exception IOError: If the file cannot be found, or the image cannot be
opened and identified.
"""
@ -2022,7 +2033,7 @@ def alpha_composite(im1, im2):
:param im1: The first image.
:param im2: The second image. Must have the same mode and size as
the first image.
:returns: An Image object.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
im1.load()
@ -2045,7 +2056,7 @@ def blend(im1, im2, alpha):
the second image is returned. There are no restrictions on the
alpha value. If necessary, the result is clipped to fit into
the allowed output range.
:returns: An Image object.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
im1.load()
@ -2080,7 +2091,7 @@ def eval(image, *args):
:param image: The input image.
:param function: A function object, taking one integer argument.
:returns: An Image object.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
return image.point(args[0])
@ -2094,7 +2105,7 @@ def merge(mode, bands):
:param bands: A sequence containing one single-band image for
each band in the output image. All bands must have the
same size.
:returns: An Image object.
:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
"""
if getmodebands(mode) != len(bands) or "*" in mode:

315
PIL/ImageChops.py
View File

@ -17,285 +17,266 @@
from PIL import Image
##
# The <b>ImageChops</b> module contains a number of arithmetical image
# operations, called <i>channel operations</i> ("chops"). These can be
# used for various purposes, including special effects, image
# compositions, algorithmic painting, and more.
# <p>
# At this time, channel operations are only implemented for 8-bit
# images (e.g. &quot;L&quot; and &quot;RGB&quot;).
# <p>
# Most channel operations take one or two image arguments and returns
# a new image. Unless otherwise noted, the result of a channel
# operation is always clipped to the range 0 to MAX (which is 255 for
# all modes supported by the operations in this module).
##
##
# Return an image with the same size as the given image, but filled
# with the given pixel value.
#
# @param image Reference image.
# @param value Pixel value.
# @return An image object.
def constant(image, value):
"Fill a channel with a given grey level"
"""Fill a channel with a given grey level.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return Image.new("L", image.size, value)
##
# Copy image.
#
# @param image Source image.
# @return A copy of the source image.
def duplicate(image):
"Create a copy of a channel"
"""Copy a channel. Alias for :py:meth:`PIL.Image.Image.copy`.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return image.copy()
##
# Inverts an image
# (MAX - image).
#
# @param image Source image.
# @return An image object.
def invert(image):
"Invert a channel"
"""
Invert an image (channel).
.. code-block:: python
out = MAX - image
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image.load()
return image._new(image.im.chop_invert())
##
# Compare images, and return lighter pixel value
# (max(image1, image2)).
# <p>
# Compares the two images, pixel by pixel, and returns a new image
# containing the lighter values.
#
# @param image1 First image.
# @param image1 Second image.
# @return An image object.
def lighter(image1, image2):
"Select the lighter pixels from each image"
"""
Compares the two images, pixel by pixel, and returns a new image containing
the lighter values.
.. code-block:: python
out = max(image1, image2)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_lighter(image2.im))
##
# Compare images, and return darker pixel value
# (min(image1, image2)).
# <p>
# Compares the two images, pixel by pixel, and returns a new image
# containing the darker values.
#
# @param image1 First image.
# @param image1 Second image.
# @return An image object.
def darker(image1, image2):
"Select the darker pixels from each image"
"""
Compares the two images, pixel by pixel, and returns a new image
containing the darker values.
.. code-block:: python
out = min(image1, image2)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_darker(image2.im))
##
# Calculate absolute difference
# (abs(image1 - image2)).
# <p>
# Returns the absolute value of the difference between the two images.
#
# @param image1 First image.
# @param image1 Second image.
# @return An image object.
def difference(image1, image2):
"Subtract one image from another"
"""
Returns the absolute value of the pixel-by-pixel difference between the two
images.
.. code-block:: python
out = abs(image1 - image2)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_difference(image2.im))
##
# Superimpose positive images
# (image1 * image2 / MAX).
# <p>
# Superimposes two images on top of each other. If you multiply an
# image with a solid black image, the result is black. If you multiply
# with a solid white image, the image is unaffected.
#
# @param image1 First image.
# @param image1 Second image.
# @return An image object.
def multiply(image1, image2):
"Superimpose two positive images"
"""
Superimposes two images on top of each other.
If you multiply an image with a solid black image, the result is black. If
you multiply with a solid white image, the image is unaffected.
.. code-block:: python
out = image1 * image2 / MAX
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_multiply(image2.im))
##
# Superimpose negative images
# (MAX - ((MAX - image1) * (MAX - image2) / MAX)).
# <p>
# Superimposes two inverted images on top of each other.
#
# @param image1 First image.
# @param image1 Second image.
# @return An image object.
def screen(image1, image2):
"Superimpose two negative images"
"""
Superimposes two inverted images on top of each other.
.. code-block:: python
out = MAX - ((MAX - image1) * (MAX - image2) / MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_screen(image2.im))
##
# Add images
# ((image1 + image2) / scale + offset).
# <p>
# Adds two images, dividing the result by scale and adding the
# offset. If omitted, scale defaults to 1.0, and offset to 0.0.
#
# @param image1 First image.
# @param image1 Second image.
# @return An image object.
def add(image1, image2, scale=1.0, offset=0):
"Add two images"
"""
Adds two images, dividing the result by scale and adding the
offset. If omitted, scale defaults to 1.0, and offset to 0.0.
.. code-block:: python
out = ((image1 + image2) / scale + offset)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_add(image2.im, scale, offset))
##
# Subtract images
# ((image1 - image2) / scale + offset).
# <p>
# Subtracts two images, dividing the result by scale and adding the
# offset. If omitted, scale defaults to 1.0, and offset to 0.0.
#
# @param image1 First image.
# @param image1 Second image.
# @return An image object.
def subtract(image1, image2, scale=1.0, offset=0):
"Subtract two images"
"""
Subtracts two images, dividing the result by scale and adding the
offset. If omitted, scale defaults to 1.0, and offset to 0.0.
.. code-block:: python
out = ((image1 - image2) / scale + offset)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_subtract(image2.im, scale, offset))
##
# Add images without clipping
# ((image1 + image2) % MAX).
# <p>
# Adds two images, without clipping the result.
#
# @param image1 First image.
# @param image1 Second image.
# @return An image object.
def add_modulo(image1, image2):
"Add two images without clipping"
"""Add two images, without clipping the result.
.. code-block:: python
out = ((image1 + image2) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_add_modulo(image2.im))
##
# Subtract images without clipping
# ((image1 - image2) % MAX).
# <p>
# Subtracts two images, without clipping the result.
#
# @param image1 First image.
# @param image1 Second image.
# @return An image object.
def subtract_modulo(image1, image2):
"Subtract two images without clipping"
"""Subtract two images, without clipping the result.
.. code-block:: python
out = ((image1 - image2) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_subtract_modulo(image2.im))
##
# Logical AND
# (image1 and image2).
def logical_and(image1, image2):
"Logical and between two images"
"""Logical AND between two images.
.. code-block:: python
out = ((image1 and image2) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_and(image2.im))
##
# Logical OR
# (image1 or image2).
def logical_or(image1, image2):
"Logical or between two images"
"""Logical OR between two images.
.. code-block:: python
out = ((image1 or image2) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_or(image2.im))
##
# Logical XOR
# (image1 xor image2).
def logical_xor(image1, image2):
"Logical xor between two images"
"""Logical XOR between two images.
.. code-block:: python
out = ((bool(image1) != bool(image2)) % MAX)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
image1.load()
image2.load()
return image1._new(image1.im.chop_xor(image2.im))
##
# Blend images using constant transparency weight.
# <p>
# Same as the <b>blend</b> function in the <b>Image</b> module.
def blend(image1, image2, alpha):
"Blend two images using a constant transparency weight"
"""Blend images using constant transparency weight. Alias for
:py:meth:`PIL.Image.Image.blend`.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return Image.blend(image1, image2, alpha)
##
# Create composite using transparency mask.
# <p>
# Same as the <b>composite</b> function in the <b>Image</b> module.
def composite(image1, image2, mask):
"Create composite image by blending images using a transparency mask"
"""Create composite using transparency mask. Alias for
:py:meth:`PIL.Image.Image.composite`.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return Image.composite(image1, image2, mask)
##
# Offset image data.
# <p>
# Returns a copy of the image where data has been offset by the given
# distances. Data wraps around the edges. If yoffset is omitted, it
# is assumed to be equal to xoffset.
#
# @param image Source image.
# @param xoffset The horizontal distance.
# @param yoffset The vertical distance. If omitted, both
# distances are set to the same value.
# @return An Image object.
def offset(image, xoffset, yoffset=None):
"Offset image in horizontal and/or vertical direction"
"""Returns a copy of the image where data has been offset by the given
distances. Data wraps around the edges. If **yoffset** is omitted, it
is assumed to be equal to **xoffset**.
:param xoffset: The horizontal distance.
:param yoffset: The vertical distance. If omitted, both
distances are set to the same value.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
if yoffset is None:
yoffset = xoffset
image.load()

152
PIL/ImageCms.py
View File

@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ pyCMS
Version History:
1.0.0 pil Oct 2013 Port to LCMS 2.
0.1.0 pil mod March 10, 2009
Renamed display profile to proof profile. The proof
@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ pyCMS
"""
VERSION = "0.1.0 pil"
VERSION = "1.0.0 pil"
# --------------------------------------------------------------------.
@ -151,8 +153,8 @@ class ImageCmsProfile:
self.profile = profile
self.filename = filename
if profile:
self.product_name = profile.product_name
self.product_info = profile.product_info
self.product_name = None #profile.product_name
self.product_info = None #profile.product_info
else:
self.product_name = None
self.product_info = None
@ -564,10 +566,10 @@ def createProfile(colorSpace, colorTemp=-1):
raise PyCMSError("Color space not supported for on-the-fly profile creation (%s)" % colorSpace)
if colorSpace == "LAB":
if isinstance(colorTemp, float):
colorTemp = int(colorTemp + 0.5)
if not isinstance(colorTemp, int):
raise PyCMSError("Color temperature must be a positive integer, \"%s\" not valid" % colorTemp)
try:
colorTemp = float(colorTemp)
except:
raise PyCMSError("Color temperature must be numeric, \"%s\" not valid" % colorTemp)
try:
return core.createProfile(colorSpace, colorTemp)
@ -597,7 +599,19 @@ def getProfileName(profile):
# add an extra newline to preserve pyCMS compatibility
if not isinstance(profile, ImageCmsProfile):
profile = ImageCmsProfile(profile)
return profile.profile.product_name + "\n"
# do it in python, not c.
# // name was "%s - %s" (model, manufacturer) || Description ,
# // but if the Model and Manufacturer were the same or the model
# // was long, Just the model, in 1.x
model = profile.profile.product_model
manufacturer = profile.profile.product_manufacturer
if not (model or manufacturer):
return profile.profile.product_description+"\n"
if not manufacturer or len(model) > 30:
return model + "\n"
return "%s - %s\n" % (model, manufacturer)
except (AttributeError, IOError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v)
@ -625,10 +639,130 @@ def getProfileInfo(profile):
if not isinstance(profile, ImageCmsProfile):
profile = ImageCmsProfile(profile)
# add an extra newline to preserve pyCMS compatibility
return profile.product_info + "\n"
# Python, not C. the white point bits weren't working well, so skipping.
# // info was description \r\n\r\n copyright \r\n\r\n K007 tag \r\n\r\n whitepoint
description = profile.profile.product_description
cpright = profile.profile.product_copyright
arr = []
for elt in (description, cpright):
if elt:
arr.append(elt)
return "\r\n\r\n".join(arr)+"\r\n\r\n"
except (AttributeError, IOError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v)
##
# (pyCMS) Gets the copyright for the given profile.
#
# If profile isn't a valid CmsProfile object or filename to a profile,
# a PyCMSError is raised.
#
# If an error occurs while trying to obtain the copyright tag, a PyCMSError
# is raised
#
# Use this function to obtain the information stored in the profile's
# copyright tag.
#
# @param profile EITHER a valid CmsProfile object, OR a string of the filename
# of an ICC profile.
# @return A string containing the internal profile information stored in an ICC
# tag.
# @exception PyCMSError
def getProfileCopyright(profile):
try:
# add an extra newline to preserve pyCMS compatibility
if not isinstance(profile, ImageCmsProfile):
profile = ImageCmsProfile(profile)
return profile.profile.product_copyright + "\n"
except (AttributeError, IOError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v)
##
# (pyCMS) Gets the manufacturer for the given profile.
#
# If profile isn't a valid CmsProfile object or filename to a profile,
# a PyCMSError is raised.
#
# If an error occurs while trying to obtain the manufacturer tag, a PyCMSError
# is raised
#
# Use this function to obtain the information stored in the profile's
# manufacturer tag.
#
# @param profile EITHER a valid CmsProfile object, OR a string of the filename
# of an ICC profile.
# @return A string containing the internal profile information stored in an ICC
# tag.
# @exception PyCMSError
def getProfileManufacturer(profile):
try:
# add an extra newline to preserve pyCMS compatibility
if not isinstance(profile, ImageCmsProfile):
profile = ImageCmsProfile(profile)
return profile.profile.product_manufacturer + "\n"
except (AttributeError, IOError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v)
##
# (pyCMS) Gets the model for the given profile.
#
# If profile isn't a valid CmsProfile object or filename to a profile,
# a PyCMSError is raised.
#
# If an error occurs while trying to obtain the model tag, a PyCMSError
# is raised
#
# Use this function to obtain the information stored in the profile's
# model tag.
#
# @param profile EITHER a valid CmsProfile object, OR a string of the filename
# of an ICC profile.
# @return A string containing the internal profile information stored in an ICC
# tag.
# @exception PyCMSError
def getProfileModel(profile):
try:
# add an extra newline to preserve pyCMS compatibility
if not isinstance(profile, ImageCmsProfile):
profile = ImageCmsProfile(profile)
return profile.profile.product_model + "\n"
except (AttributeError, IOError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v)
##
# (pyCMS) Gets the description for the given profile.
#
# If profile isn't a valid CmsProfile object or filename to a profile,
# a PyCMSError is raised.
#
# If an error occurs while trying to obtain the description tag, a PyCMSError
# is raised
#
# Use this function to obtain the information stored in the profile's
# description tag.
#
# @param profile EITHER a valid CmsProfile object, OR a string of the filename
# of an ICC profile.
# @return A string containing the internal profile information stored in an ICC
# tag.
# @exception PyCMSError
def getProfileDescription(profile):
try:
# add an extra newline to preserve pyCMS compatibility
if not isinstance(profile, ImageCmsProfile):
profile = ImageCmsProfile(profile)
return profile.profile.product_description + "\n"
except (AttributeError, IOError, TypeError, ValueError) as v:
raise PyCMSError(v)
##
# (pyCMS) Gets the default intent name for the given profile.
#

19
PIL/ImageColor.py
View File

@ -30,6 +30,15 @@ import re
# as an RGB value.
def getrgb(color):
"""
Convert a color string to an RGB tuple. If the string cannot be parsed,
this function raises a :py:exc:`ValueError` exception.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.4
:param color: A color string
:return: ``(red, green, blue)``
"""
try:
rgb = colormap[color]
except KeyError:
@ -97,6 +106,16 @@ def getrgb(color):
raise ValueError("unknown color specifier: %r" % color)
def getcolor(color, mode):
"""
Same as :py:func:`~PIL.ImageColor.getrgb`, but converts the RGB value to a
greyscale value if the mode is not color or a palette image. If the string
cannot be parsed, this function raises a :py:exc:`ValueError` exception.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.4
:param color: A color string
:return: ``(red, green, blue)``
"""
# same as getrgb, but converts the result to the given mode
color = getrgb(color)
if mode == "RGB":

75
PIL/ImageEnhance.py
View File

@ -20,71 +20,68 @@
from PIL import Image, ImageFilter, ImageStat
class _Enhance:
##
# Returns an enhanced image. The enhancement factor is a floating
# point value controlling the enhancement. Factor 1.0 always
# returns a copy of the original image, lower factors mean less
# colour (brightness, contrast, etc), and higher values more.
# There are no restrictions on this value.
#
# @param factor Enhancement factor.
# @return An enhanced image.
def enhance(self, factor):
"""
Returns an enhanced image.
:param factor: A floating point value controlling the enhancement.
Factor 1.0 always returns a copy of the original image,
lower factors mean less color (brightness, contrast,
etc), and higher values more. There are no restrictions
on this value.
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image`
"""
return Image.blend(self.degenerate, self.image, factor)
##
# Color enhancement object.
# <p>
# This class can be used to adjust the colour balance of an image, in
# a manner similar to the controls on a colour TV set. An enhancement
# factor of 0.0 gives a black and white image, a factor of 1.0 gives
# the original image.
class Color(_Enhance):
"Adjust image colour balance"
"""Adjust image color balance.
This class can be used to adjust the colour balance of an image, in
a manner similar to the controls on a colour TV set. An enhancement
factor of 0.0 gives a black and white image. A factor of 1.0 gives
the original image.
"""
def __init__(self, image):
self.image = image
self.degenerate = image.convert("L").convert(image.mode)
##
# Contrast enhancement object.
# <p>
# This class can be used to control the contrast of an image, similar
# to the contrast control on a TV set. An enhancement factor of 0.0
# gives a solid grey image, factor 1.0 gives the original image.
class Contrast(_Enhance):
"Adjust image contrast"
"""Adjust image contrast.
This class can be used to control the contrast of an image, similar
to the contrast control on a TV set. An enhancement factor of 0.0
gives a solid grey image. A factor of 1.0 gives the original image.
"""
def __init__(self, image):
self.image = image
mean = int(ImageStat.Stat(image.convert("L")).mean[0] + 0.5)
self.degenerate = Image.new("L", image.size, mean).convert(image.mode)
##
# Brightness enhancement object.
# <p>
# This class can be used to control the brighntess of an image. An
# enhancement factor of 0.0 gives a black image, factor 1.0 gives the
# original image.
class Brightness(_Enhance):
"Adjust image brightness"
"""Adjust image brightness.
This class can be used to control the brighntess of an image. An
enhancement factor of 0.0 gives a black image. A factor of 1.0 gives the
original image.
"""
def __init__(self, image):
self.image = image
self.degenerate = Image.new(image.mode, image.size, 0)
##
# Sharpness enhancement object.
# <p>
# This class can be used to adjust the sharpness of an image. The
# enhancement factor 0.0 gives a blurred image, 1.0 gives the original
# image, and a factor of 2.0 gives a sharpened image.
class Sharpness(_Enhance):
"Adjust image sharpness"
"""Adjust image sharpness.
This class can be used to adjust the sharpness of an image. An
enhancement factor of 0.0 gives a blurred image, a factor of 1.0 gives the
original image, and a factor of 2.0 gives a sharpened image.
"""
def __init__(self, image):
self.image = image
self.degenerate = image.filter(ImageFilter.SMOOTH)

10
PIL/ImageFile.py
View File

@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class ImageFile(Image.Image):
readonly = 0
if self.filename and len(self.tile) == 1 and not hasattr(sys, 'pypy_version_info'):
# As of pypy 2.1.0, memory mapping was failing here.
# As of pypy 2.1.0, memory mapping was failing here.
# try memory mapping
d, e, o, a = self.tile[0]
if d == "raw" and a[0] == self.mode and a[0] in Image._MAPMODES:
@ -299,6 +299,8 @@ class Parser:
"""
Incremental image parser. This class implements the standard
feed/close consumer interface.
In Python 2.x, this is an old-style class.
"""
incremental = None
image = None
@ -318,7 +320,7 @@ class Parser:
"""
(Consumer) Feed data to the parser.
:param data" A string buffer.
:param data: A string buffer.
:exception IOError: If the parser failed to parse the image file.
"""
# collect data
@ -404,7 +406,9 @@ class Parser:
(Consumer) Close the stream.
:returns: An image object.
:exception IOError: If the parser failed to parse the image file.
:exception IOError: If the parser failed to parse the image file either
because it cannot be identified or cannot be
decoded.
"""
# finish decoding
if self.decoder:

154
PIL/ImageFilter.py
View File

@ -17,31 +17,28 @@
from functools import reduce
class Filter(object):
pass
##
# Convolution filter kernel.
class Kernel(Filter):
"""
Create a convolution kernel. The current version only
supports 3x3 and 5x5 integer and floating point kernels.
##
# Create a convolution kernel. The current version only
# supports 3x3 and 5x5 integer and floating point kernels.
# <p>
# In the current version, kernels can only be applied to
# "L" and "RGB" images.
#
# @def __init__(size, kernel, **options)
# @param size Kernel size, given as (width, height). In
# the current version, this must be (3,3) or (5,5).
# @param kernel A sequence containing kernel weights.
# @param **options Optional keyword arguments.
# @keyparam scale Scale factor. If given, the result for each
# pixel is divided by this value. The default is the sum
# of the kernel weights.
# @keyparam offset Offset. If given, this value is added to the
# result, after it has been divided by the scale factor.
In the current version, kernels can only be applied to
"L" and "RGB" images.
:param size: Kernel size, given as (width, height). In the current
version, this must be (3,3) or (5,5).
:param kernel: A sequence containing kernel weights.
:param scale: Scale factor. If given, the result for each pixel is
divided by this value. the default is the sum of the
kernel weights.
:param offset: Offset. If given, this value is added to the result,
after it has been divided by the scale factor.
"""
def __init__(self, size, kernel, scale=None, offset=0):
if scale is None:
@ -56,24 +53,23 @@ class Kernel(Filter):
raise ValueError("cannot filter palette images")
return image.filter(*self.filterargs)
class BuiltinFilter(Kernel):
def __init__(self):
pass
##
# Rank filter.
class RankFilter(Filter):
name = "Rank"
"""
Create a rank filter. The rank filter sorts all pixels in
a window of the given size, and returns the **rank**'th value.
##
# Create a rank filter. The rank filter sorts all pixels in
# a window of the given size, and returns the rank'th value.
#
# @param size The kernel size, in pixels.
# @param rank What pixel value to pick. Use 0 for a min filter,
# size*size/2 for a median filter, size*size-1 for a max filter,
# etc.
:param size: The kernel size, in pixels.
:param rank: What pixel value to pick. Use 0 for a min filter,
``size * size / 2`` for a median filter, ``size * size - 1``
for a max filter, etc.
"""
name = "Rank"
def __init__(self, size, rank):
self.size = size
@ -85,99 +81,99 @@ class RankFilter(Filter):
image = image.expand(self.size//2, self.size//2)
return image.rankfilter(self.size, self.rank)
##
# Median filter. Picks the median pixel value in a window with the
# given size.
class MedianFilter(RankFilter):
name = "Median"
"""
Create a median filter. Picks the median pixel value in a window with the
given size.
##
# Create a median filter.
#
# @param size The kernel size, in pixels.
:param size: The kernel size, in pixels.
"""
name = "Median"
def __init__(self, size=3):
self.size = size
self.rank = size*size//2
##
# Min filter. Picks the lowest pixel value in a window with the given
# size.
class MinFilter(RankFilter):
name = "Min"
"""
Create a min filter. Picks the lowest pixel value in a window with the
given size.
##
# Create a min filter.
#
# @param size The kernel size, in pixels.
:param size: The kernel size, in pixels.
"""
name = "Min"
def __init__(self, size=3):
self.size = size
self.rank = 0
##
# Max filter. Picks the largest pixel value in a window with the
# given size.
class MaxFilter(RankFilter):
name = "Max"
"""
Create a max filter. Picks the largest pixel value in a window with the
given size.
##
# Create a max filter.
#
# @param size The kernel size, in pixels.
:param size: The kernel size, in pixels.
"""
name = "Max"
def __init__(self, size=3):
self.size = size
self.rank = size*size-1
##
# Mode filter. Picks the most frequent pixel value in a box with the
# given size. Pixel values that occur only once or twice are ignored;
# if no pixel value occurs more than twice, the original pixel value
# is preserved.
class ModeFilter(Filter):
name = "Mode"
"""
##
# Create a mode filter.
#
# @param size The kernel size, in pixels.
Create a mode filter. Picks the most frequent pixel value in a box with the
given size. Pixel values that occur only once or twice are ignored; if no
pixel value occurs more than twice, the original pixel value is preserved.
:param size: The kernel size, in pixels.
"""
name = "Mode"
def __init__(self, size=3):
self.size = size
def filter(self, image):
return image.modefilter(self.size)
##
# Gaussian blur filter.
class GaussianBlur(Filter):
"""Gaussian blur filter.
:param radius: Blur radius.
"""
name = "GaussianBlur"
def __init__(self, radius=2):
self.radius = radius
def filter(self, image):
return image.gaussian_blur(self.radius)
##
# Unsharp mask filter.
class UnsharpMask(Filter):
"""Unsharp mask filter.
See Wikipedia's entry on `digital unsharp masking`_ for an explanation of
the parameters.
.. _digital unsharp masking: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsharp_masking#Digital_unsharp_masking
"""
name = "UnsharpMask"
def __init__(self, radius=2, percent=150, threshold=3):
self.radius = radius
self.percent = percent
self.threshold = threshold
def filter(self, image):
return image.unsharp_mask(self.radius, self.percent, self.threshold)
##
# Simple blur filter.
class BLUR(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Blur"
@ -189,8 +185,6 @@ class BLUR(BuiltinFilter):
1, 1, 1, 1, 1
)
##
# Simple contour filter.
class CONTOUR(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Contour"
@ -200,8 +194,6 @@ class CONTOUR(BuiltinFilter):
-1, -1, -1
)
##
# Simple detail filter.
class DETAIL(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Detail"
@ -211,8 +203,6 @@ class DETAIL(BuiltinFilter):
0, -1, 0
)
##
# Simple edge enhancement filter.
class EDGE_ENHANCE(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Edge-enhance"
@ -222,8 +212,6 @@ class EDGE_ENHANCE(BuiltinFilter):
-1, -1, -1
)
##
# Simple stronger edge enhancement filter.
class EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Edge-enhance More"
@ -233,8 +221,6 @@ class EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE(BuiltinFilter):
-1, -1, -1
)
##
# Simple embossing filter.
class EMBOSS(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Emboss"
@ -244,8 +230,6 @@ class EMBOSS(BuiltinFilter):
0, 0, 0
)
##
# Simple edge-finding filter.
class FIND_EDGES(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Find Edges"
@ -255,8 +239,6 @@ class FIND_EDGES(BuiltinFilter):
-1, -1, -1
)
##
# Simple smoothing filter.
class SMOOTH(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Smooth"
@ -266,8 +248,6 @@ class SMOOTH(BuiltinFilter):
1, 1, 1
)
##
# Simple stronger smoothing filter.
class SMOOTH_MORE(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Smooth More"
@ -279,8 +259,6 @@ class SMOOTH_MORE(BuiltinFilter):
1, 1, 1, 1, 1
)
##
# Simple sharpening filter.
class SHARPEN(BuiltinFilter):
name = "Sharpen"

101
PIL/ImageFont.py
View File

@ -61,21 +61,6 @@ except ImportError:
# position according to dx, dy.
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
##
# The <b>ImageFont</b> module defines a class with the same name.
# Instances of this class store bitmap fonts, and are used with the
# <b>text</b> method of the <b>ImageDraw</b> class.
# <p>
# PIL uses it's own font file format to store bitmap fonts. You can
# use the <b>pilfont</b> utility to convert BDF and PCF font
# descriptors (X window font formats) to this format.
# <p>
# Starting with version 1.1.4, PIL can be configured to support
# TrueType and OpenType fonts. For earlier version, TrueType
# support is only available as part of the imToolkit package
#
# @see ImageDraw#ImageDraw.text
# @see pilfont
class ImageFont:
"PIL font wrapper"
@ -186,7 +171,7 @@ class TransposedFont:
self.orientation = orientation # any 'transpose' argument, or None
def getsize(self, text):
w, h = self.font.getsize(text)[0]
w, h = self.font.getsize(text)
if self.orientation in (Image.ROTATE_90, Image.ROTATE_270):
return h, w
return w, h
@ -197,41 +182,42 @@ class TransposedFont:
return im.transpose(self.orientation)
return im
##
# Load font file. This function loads a font object from the given
# bitmap font file, and returns the corresponding font object.
#
# @param filename Name of font file.
# @return A font object.
# @exception IOError If the file could not be read.
def load(filename):
"Load a font file."
"""
Load a font file. This function loads a font object from the given
bitmap font file, and returns the corresponding font object.
:param filename: Name of font file.
:return: A font object.
:exception IOError: If the file could not be read.
"""
f = ImageFont()
f._load_pilfont(filename)
return f
##
# Load a TrueType or OpenType font file, and create a font object.
# This function loads a font object from the given file, and creates
# a font object for a font of the given size.
# <p>
# This function requires the _imagingft service.
#
# @param filename A truetype font file. Under Windows, if the file
# is not found in this filename, the loader also looks in Windows
# <b>fonts</b> directory
# @param size The requested size, in points.
# @param index Which font face to load (default is first available face).
# @param encoding Which font encoding to use (default is Unicode). Common
# encodings are "unic" (Unicode), "symb" (Microsoft Symbol), "ADOB"
# (Adobe Standard), "ADBE" (Adobe Expert), and "armn" (Apple Roman).
# See the FreeType documentation for more information.
# @return A font object.
# @exception IOError If the file could not be read.
def truetype(font=None, size=10, index=0, encoding="", filename=None):
"Load a truetype font file."
"""
Load a TrueType or OpenType font file, and create a font object.
This function loads a font object from the given file, and creates
a font object for a font of the given size.
This function requires the _imagingft service.
:param filename: A truetype font file. Under Windows, if the file
is not found in this filename, the loader also looks in
Windows :file:`fonts/` directory.
:param size: The requested size, in points.
:param index: Which font face to load (default is first available face).
:param encoding: Which font encoding to use (default is Unicode). Common
encodings are "unic" (Unicode), "symb" (Microsoft
Symbol), "ADOB" (Adobe Standard), "ADBE" (Adobe Expert),
and "armn" (Apple Roman). See the FreeType documentation
for more information.
:return: A font object.
:exception IOError: If the file could not be read.
"""
if filename:
if warnings:
@ -251,17 +237,16 @@ def truetype(font=None, size=10, index=0, encoding="", filename=None):
return FreeTypeFont(filename, size, index, encoding)
raise
##
# Load font file. Same as load, but searches for a bitmap font along
# the Python path.
#
# @param filename Name of font file.
# @return A font object.
# @exception IOError If the file could not be read.
# @see #load
def load_path(filename):
"Load a font file, searching along the Python path."
"""
Load font file. Same as :py:func:`~PIL.ImageFont.load`, but searches for a
bitmap font along the Python path.
:param filename: Name of font file.
:return: A font object.
:exception IOError: If the file could not be read.
"""
for dir in sys.path:
if isDirectory(dir):
if not isinstance(filename, str):
@ -275,13 +260,14 @@ def load_path(filename):
pass
raise IOError("cannot find font file")
##
# Load a (probably rather ugly) default font.
#
# @return A font object.
def load_default():
"Load a default font."
"""Load a "better than nothing" default font.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.4
:return: A font object.
"""
from io import BytesIO
import base64
f = ImageFont()
@ -406,6 +392,7 @@ w7IkEbzhVQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==
'''))))
return f
if __name__ == "__main__":
# create font data chunk for embedding
import base64, os, sys

23
PIL/ImageGrab.py
View File

@ -17,14 +17,6 @@
from PIL import Image
##
# (New in 1.1.3) The <b>ImageGrab</b> module can be used to copy
# the contents of the screen to a PIL image memory.
# <p>
# The current version works on Windows only.</p>
#
# @since 1.1.3
##
try:
# built-in driver (1.1.3 and later)
@ -34,14 +26,6 @@ except AttributeError:
import _grabscreen
grabber = _grabscreen.grab
##
# (New in 1.1.3) Take a snapshot of the screen. The pixels inside the
# bounding box are returned as an "RGB" image. If the bounding box is
# omitted, the entire screen is copied.
#
# @param bbox What region to copy. Default is the entire screen.
# @return An image
# @since 1.1.3
def grab(bbox=None):
size, data = grabber()
@ -54,13 +38,6 @@ def grab(bbox=None):
im = im.crop(bbox)
return im
##
# (New in 1.1.4) Take a snapshot of the clipboard image, if any.
#
# @return An image, a list of filenames, or None if the clipboard does
# not contain image data or filenames. Note that if a list is
# returned, the filenames may not represent image files.
# @since 1.1.4
def grabclipboard():
debug = 0 # temporary interface

20
PIL/ImageMath.py
View File

@ -199,17 +199,19 @@ for k, v in list(globals().items()):
if k[:10] == "imagemath_":
ops[k[10:]] = v
##
# Evaluates an image expression.
#
# @param expression A string containing a Python-style expression.
# @keyparam options Values to add to the evaluation context. You
# can either use a dictionary, or one or more keyword arguments.
# @return The evaluated expression. This is usually an image object,
# but can also be an integer, a floating point value, or a pixel
# tuple, depending on the expression.
def eval(expression, _dict={}, **kw):
"""
Evaluates an image expression.
:param expression: A string containing a Python-style expression.
:param options: Values to add to the evaluation context. You
can either use a dictionary, or one or more keyword
arguments.
:return: The evaluated expression. This is usually an image object, but can
also be an integer, a floating point value, or a pixel tuple,
depending on the expression.
"""
# build execution namespace
args = ops.copy()

249
PIL/ImageOps.py
View File

@ -22,14 +22,6 @@ from PIL._util import isStringType
import operator
from functools import reduce
##
# (New in 1.1.3) The <b>ImageOps</b> module contains a number of
# 'ready-made' image processing operations. This module is somewhat
# experimental, and most operators only work on L and RGB images.
#
# @since 1.1.3
##
#
# helpers
@ -63,20 +55,20 @@ def _lut(image, lut):
#
# actions
##
# Maximize (normalize) image contrast. This function calculates a
# histogram of the input image, removes <i>cutoff</i> percent of the
# lightest and darkest pixels from the histogram, and remaps the image
# so that the darkest pixel becomes black (0), and the lightest
# becomes white (255).
#
# @param image The image to process.
# @param cutoff How many percent to cut off from the histogram.
# @param ignore The background pixel value (use None for no background).
# @return An image.
def autocontrast(image, cutoff=0, ignore=None):
"Maximize image contrast, based on histogram"
"""
Maximize (normalize) image contrast. This function calculates a
histogram of the input image, removes **cutoff** percent of the
lightest and darkest pixels from the histogram, and remaps the image
so that the darkest pixel becomes black (0), and the lightest
becomes white (255).
:param image: The image to process.
:param cutoff: How many percent to cut off from the histogram.
:param ignore: The background pixel value (use None for no background).
:return: An image.
"""
histogram = image.histogram()
lut = []
for layer in range(0, len(histogram), 256):
@ -139,19 +131,19 @@ def autocontrast(image, cutoff=0, ignore=None):
lut.append(ix)
return _lut(image, lut)
##
# Colorize grayscale image. The <i>black</i> and <i>white</i>
# arguments should be RGB tuples; this function calculates a colour
# wedge mapping all black pixels in the source image to the first
# colour, and all white pixels to the second colour.
#
# @param image The image to colourize.
# @param black The colour to use for black input pixels.
# @param white The colour to use for white input pixels.
# @return An image.
def colorize(image, black, white):
"Colorize a grayscale image"
"""
Colorize grayscale image. The **black** and **white**
arguments should be RGB tuples; this function calculates a color
wedge mapping all black pixels in the source image to the first
color, and all white pixels to the second color.
:param image: The image to colorize.
:param black: The color to use for black input pixels.
:param white: The color to use for white input pixels.
:return: An image.
"""
assert image.mode == "L"
black = _color(black, "RGB")
white = _color(white, "RGB")
@ -163,49 +155,50 @@ def colorize(image, black, white):
image = image.convert("RGB")
return _lut(image, red + green + blue)
##
# Remove border from image. The same amount of pixels are removed
# from all four sides. This function works on all image modes.
#
# @param image The image to crop.
# @param border The number of pixels to remove.
# @return An image.
# @see Image#Image.crop
def crop(image, border=0):
"Crop border off image"
"""
Remove border from image. The same amount of pixels are removed
from all four sides. This function works on all image modes.
.. seealso:: :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.crop`
:param image: The image to crop.
:param border: The number of pixels to remove.
:return: An image.
"""
left, top, right, bottom = _border(border)
return image.crop(
(left, top, image.size[0]-right, image.size[1]-bottom)
)
##
# Deform the image.
#
# @param image The image to deform.
# @param deformer A deformer object. Any object that implements a
# <b>getmesh</b> method can be used.
# @param resample What resampling filter to use.
# @return An image.
def deform(image, deformer, resample=Image.BILINEAR):
"Deform image using the given deformer"
"""
Deform the image.
:param image: The image to deform.
:param deformer: A deformer object. Any object that implements a
**getmesh** method can be used.
:param resample: What resampling filter to use.
:return: An image.
"""
return image.transform(
image.size, Image.MESH, deformer.getmesh(image), resample
)
##
# Equalize the image histogram. This function applies a non-linear
# mapping to the input image, in order to create a uniform
# distribution of grayscale values in the output image.
#
# @param image The image to equalize.
# @param mask An optional mask. If given, only the pixels selected by
# the mask are included in the analysis.
# @return An image.
def equalize(image, mask=None):
"Equalize image histogram"
"""
Equalize the image histogram. This function applies a non-linear
mapping to the input image, in order to create a uniform
distribution of grayscale values in the output image.
:param image: The image to equalize.
:param mask: An optional mask. If given, only the pixels selected by
the mask are included in the analysis.
:return: An image.
"""
if image.mode == "P":
image = image.convert("RGB")
h = image.histogram(mask)
@ -225,15 +218,16 @@ def equalize(image, mask=None):
n = n + h[i+b]
return _lut(image, lut)
##
# Add border to the image
#
# @param image The image to expand.
# @param border Border width, in pixels.
# @param fill Pixel fill value (a colour value). Default is 0 (black).
# @return An image.
def expand(image, border=0, fill=0):
"""
Add border to the image
:param image: The image to expand.
:param border: Border width, in pixels.
:param fill: Pixel fill value (a color value). Default is 0 (black).
:return: An image.
"""
"Add border to image"
left, top, right, bottom = _border(border)
width = left + image.size[0] + right
@ -242,33 +236,32 @@ def expand(image, border=0, fill=0):
out.paste(image, (left, top))
return out
##
# Returns a sized and cropped version of the image, cropped to the
# requested aspect ratio and size.
# <p>
# The <b>fit</b> function was contributed by Kevin Cazabon.
#
# @param size The requested output size in pixels, given as a
# (width, height) tuple.
# @param method What resampling method to use. Default is Image.NEAREST.
# @param bleed Remove a border around the outside of the image (from all
# four edges. The value is a decimal percentage (use 0.01 for one
# percent). The default value is 0 (no border).
# @param centering Control the cropping position. Use (0.5, 0.5) for
# center cropping (e.g. if cropping the width, take 50% off of the
# left side, and therefore 50% off the right side). (0.0, 0.0)
# will crop from the top left corner (i.e. if cropping the width,
# take all of the crop off of the right side, and if cropping the
# height, take all of it off the bottom). (1.0, 0.0) will crop
# from the bottom left corner, etc. (i.e. if cropping the width,
# take all of the crop off the left side, and if cropping the height
# take none from the top, and therefore all off the bottom).
# @return An image.
def fit(image, size, method=Image.NEAREST, bleed=0.0, centering=(0.5, 0.5)):
"""
This method returns a sized and cropped version of the image,
cropped to the aspect ratio and size that you request.
Returns a sized and cropped version of the image, cropped to the
requested aspect ratio and size.
This function was contributed by Kevin Cazabon.
:param size: The requested output size in pixels, given as a
(width, height) tuple.
:param method: What resampling method to use. Default is
:py:attr:`PIL.Image.NEAREST`.
:param bleed: Remove a border around the outside of the image (from all
four edges. The value is a decimal percentage (use 0.01 for
one percent). The default value is 0 (no border).
:param centering: Control the cropping position. Use (0.5, 0.5) for
center cropping (e.g. if cropping the width, take 50% off
of the left side, and therefore 50% off the right side).
(0.0, 0.0) will crop from the top left corner (i.e. if
cropping the width, take all of the crop off of the right
side, and if cropping the height, take all of it off the
bottom). (1.0, 0.0) will crop from the bottom left
corner, etc. (i.e. if cropping the width, take all of the
crop off the left side, and if cropping the height take
none from the top, and therefore all off the bottom).
:return: An image.
"""
# by Kevin Cazabon, Feb 17/2000
@ -336,73 +329,73 @@ def fit(image, size, method=Image.NEAREST, bleed=0.0, centering=(0.5, 0.5)):
# resize the image and return it
return out.resize(size, method)
##
# Flip the image vertically (top to bottom).
#
# @param image The image to flip.
# @return An image.
def flip(image):
"Flip image vertically"
"""
Flip the image vertically (top to bottom).
:param image: The image to flip.
:return: An image.
"""
return image.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM)
##
# Convert the image to grayscale.
#
# @param image The image to convert.
# @return An image.
def grayscale(image):
"Convert to grayscale"
"""
Convert the image to grayscale.
:param image: The image to convert.
:return: An image.
"""
return image.convert("L")
##
# Invert (negate) the image.
#
# @param image The image to invert.
# @return An image.
def invert(image):
"Invert image (negate)"
"""
Invert (negate) the image.
:param image: The image to invert.
:return: An image.
"""
lut = []
for i in range(256):
lut.append(255-i)
return _lut(image, lut)
##
# Flip image horizontally (left to right).
#
# @param image The image to mirror.
# @return An image.
def mirror(image):
"Flip image horizontally"
"""
Flip image horizontally (left to right).
:param image: The image to mirror.
:return: An image.
"""
return image.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
##
# Reduce the number of bits for each colour channel.
#
# @param image The image to posterize.
# @param bits The number of bits to keep for each channel (1-8).
# @return An image.
def posterize(image, bits):
"Reduce the number of bits per color channel"
"""
Reduce the number of bits for each color channel.
:param image: The image to posterize.
:param bits: The number of bits to keep for each channel (1-8).
:return: An image.
"""
lut = []
mask = ~(2**(8-bits)-1)
for i in range(256):
lut.append(i & mask)
return _lut(image, lut)
##
# Invert all pixel values above a threshold.
#
# @param image The image to posterize.
# @param threshold All pixels above this greyscale level are inverted.
# @return An image.
def solarize(image, threshold=128):
"Invert all values above threshold"
"""
Invert all pixel values above a threshold.
:param image: The image to posterize.
:param threshold: All pixels above this greyscale level are inverted.
:return: An image.
"""
lut = []
for i in range(256):
if i < threshold:

30
PIL/ImagePalette.py
View File

@ -19,11 +19,9 @@
import array
from PIL import Image, ImageColor
##
# Colour palette wrapper for palette mapped images.
class ImagePalette:
"Colour palette for palette mapped images"
"Color palette for palette mapped images"
def __init__(self, mode = "RGB", palette = None):
self.mode = mode
@ -35,14 +33,21 @@ class ImagePalette:
raise ValueError("wrong palette size")
def getdata(self):
# experimental: get palette contents in format suitable
# for the low-level im.putpalette primitive
"""
Get palette contents in format suitable # for the low-level
``im.putpalette`` primitive.
.. warning:: This method is experimental.
"""
if self.rawmode:
return self.rawmode, self.palette
return self.mode + ";L", self.tobytes()
def tobytes(self):
# experimental: convert palette to bytes
"""Convert palette to bytes.
.. warning:: This method is experimental.
"""
if self.rawmode:
raise ValueError("palette contains raw palette data")
if isinstance(self.palette, bytes):
@ -57,7 +62,10 @@ class ImagePalette:
tostring = tobytes
def getcolor(self, color):
# experimental: given an rgb tuple, allocate palette entry
"""Given an rgb tuple, allocate palette entry.
.. warning:: This method is experimental.
"""
if self.rawmode:
raise ValueError("palette contains raw palette data")
if isinstance(color, tuple):
@ -80,7 +88,10 @@ class ImagePalette:
raise ValueError("unknown color specifier: %r" % color)
def save(self, fp):
# (experimental) save palette to text file
"""Save palette to text file.
.. warning:: This method is experimental.
"""
if self.rawmode:
raise ValueError("palette contains raw palette data")
if isinstance(fp, str):
@ -192,6 +203,3 @@ def load(filename):
raise IOError("cannot load palette")
return lut # data, rawmode
# add some psuedocolour palettes as well

11
PIL/ImagePath.py
View File

@ -16,17 +16,12 @@
from PIL import Image
##
# Path wrapper.
# the Python class below is overridden by the C implementation.
class Path:
##
# Creates a path object.
#
# @param xy Sequence. The sequence can contain 2-tuples [(x, y), ...]
# or a flat list of numbers [x, y, ...].
def __init__(self, xy):
pass

15
PIL/ImageSequence.py
View File

@ -14,15 +14,18 @@
#
##
# This class implements an iterator object that can be used to loop
# over an image sequence.
class Iterator:
"""
This class implements an iterator object that can be used to loop
over an image sequence.
##
# Create an iterator.
#
# @param im An image object.
You can use the ``[]`` operator to access elements by index. This operator
will raise an :py:exc:`IndexError` if you try to access a nonexistent
frame.
:param im: An image object.
"""
def __init__(self, im):
if not hasattr(im, "seek"):

17
PIL/ImageStat.py
View File

@ -25,25 +25,8 @@ from PIL import Image
import operator, math
from functools import reduce
##
# The <b>ImageStat</b> module calculates global statistics for an
# image, or a region of an image.
##
##
# Calculate statistics for the given image. If a mask is included,
# only the regions covered by that mask are included in the
# statistics.
class Stat:
"Get image or feature statistics"
##
# Create a statistics object.
#
# @def __init__(image, mask=None)
# @param image A PIL image, or a precalculate histogram.
# @param mask An optional mask.
def __init__(self, image_or_list, mask = None):
try:

157
PIL/ImageTk.py
View File

@ -34,13 +34,6 @@ except ImportError:
from PIL import Image
##
# The <b>ImageTk</b> module contains support to create and modify
# Tkinter <b>BitmapImage</b> and <b>PhotoImage</b> objects.
# <p>
# For examples, see the demo programs in the <i>Scripts</i>
# directory.
##
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check for Tkinter interface hooks
@ -61,28 +54,25 @@ def _pilbitmap_check():
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# PhotoImage
##
# Creates a Tkinter-compatible photo image. This can be used
# everywhere Tkinter expects an image object. If the image is an RGBA
# image, pixels having alpha 0 are treated as transparent.
class PhotoImage:
"""
A Tkinter-compatible photo image. This can be used
everywhere Tkinter expects an image object. If the image is an RGBA
image, pixels having alpha 0 are treated as transparent.
##
# Create a photo image object. The constructor takes either
# a PIL image, or a mode and a size. Alternatively, you can
# use the <b>file</b> or <b>data</b> options to initialize
# the photo image object.
# <p>
# @def __init__(image=None, size=None, **options)
# @param image Either a PIL image, or a mode string. If a
# mode string is used, a size must also be given.
# @param size If the first argument is a mode string, this
# defines the size of the image.
# @keyparam file A filename to load the image from (using
# Image.open(file)).
# @keyparam data An 8-bit string containing image data (as
# loaded from an image file).
The constructor takes either a PIL image, or a mode and a size.
Alternatively, you can use the **file** or **data** options to initialize
the photo image object.
:param image: Either a PIL image, or a mode string. If a mode string is
used, a size must also be given.
:param size: If the first argument is a mode string, this defines the size
of the image.
:keyword file: A filename to load the image from (using
``Image.open(file)``).
:keyword data: An 8-bit string containing image data (as loaded from an
image file).
"""
def __init__(self, image=None, size=None, **kw):
@ -130,44 +120,48 @@ class PhotoImage:
except:
pass # ignore internal errors
##
# Get the Tkinter photo image identifier. This method is
# automatically called by Tkinter whenever a PhotoImage object is
# passed to a Tkinter method.
#
# @return A Tkinter photo image identifier (a string).
def __str__(self):
"""
Get the Tkinter photo image identifier. This method is automatically
called by Tkinter whenever a PhotoImage object is passed to a Tkinter
method.
:return: A Tkinter photo image identifier (a string).
"""
return str(self.__photo)
##
# Get the width of the image.
#
# @return The width, in pixels.
def width(self):
"""
Get the width of the image.
:return: The width, in pixels.
"""
return self.__size[0]
##
# Get the height of the image.
#
# @return The height, in pixels.
def height(self):
"""
Get the height of the image.
:return: The height, in pixels.
"""
return self.__size[1]
##
# Paste a PIL image into the photo image. Note that this can
# be very slow if the photo image is displayed.
#
# @param im A PIL image. The size must match the target region.
# If the mode does not match, the image is converted to the
# mode of the bitmap image.
# @param box A 4-tuple defining the left, upper, right, and
# lower pixel coordinate. If None is given instead of a
# tuple, all of the image is assumed.
def paste(self, im, box=None):
"""
Paste a PIL image into the photo image. Note that this can
be very slow if the photo image is displayed.
:param im: A PIL image. The size must match the target region. If the
mode does not match, the image is converted to the mode of
the bitmap image.
:param box: A 4-tuple defining the left, upper, right, and lower pixel
coordinate. If None is given instead of a tuple, all of
the image is assumed.
"""
# convert to blittable
im.load()
@ -197,24 +191,21 @@ class PhotoImage:
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# BitmapImage
##
# Create a Tkinter-compatible bitmap image. This can be used
# everywhere Tkinter expects an image object.
class BitmapImage:
"""
##
# Create a Tkinter-compatible bitmap image.
# <p>
# The given image must have mode "1". Pixels having value 0 are
# treated as transparent. Options, if any, are passed on to
# Tkinter. The most commonly used option is <b>foreground</b>,
# which is used to specify the colour for the non-transparent
# parts. See the Tkinter documentation for information on how to
# specify colours.
#
# @def __init__(image=None, **options)
# @param image A PIL image.
A Tkinter-compatible bitmap image. This can be used everywhere Tkinter
expects an image object.
The given image must have mode "1". Pixels having value 0 are treated as
transparent. Options, if any, are passed on to Tkinter. The most commonly
used option is **foreground**, which is used to specify the color for the
non-transparent parts. See the Tkinter documentation for information on
how to specify colours.
:param image: A PIL image.
"""
def __init__(self, image=None, **kw):
@ -249,36 +240,38 @@ class BitmapImage:
except:
pass # ignore internal errors
##
# Get the width of the image.
#
# @return The width, in pixels.
def width(self):
"""
Get the width of the image.
:return: The width, in pixels.
"""
return self.__size[0]
##
# Get the height of the image.
#
# @return The height, in pixels.
def height(self):
"""
Get the height of the image.
:return: The height, in pixels.
"""
return self.__size[1]
##
# Get the Tkinter bitmap image identifier. This method is
# automatically called by Tkinter whenever a BitmapImage object
# is passed to a Tkinter method.
#
# @return A Tkinter bitmap image identifier (a string).
def __str__(self):
"""
Get the Tkinter bitmap image identifier. This method is automatically
called by Tkinter whenever a BitmapImage object is passed to a Tkinter
method.
:return: A Tkinter bitmap image identifier (a string).
"""
return str(self.__photo)
##
# Copies the contents of a PhotoImage to a PIL image memory.
def getimage(photo):
"""Copies the contents of a PhotoImage to a PIL image memory."""
photo.tk.call("PyImagingPhotoGet", photo)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------

139
PIL/ImageWin.py
View File

@ -20,44 +20,49 @@
import warnings
from PIL import Image
##
# The <b>ImageWin</b> module contains support to create and display
# images under Windows 95/98, NT, 2000 and later.
class HDC:
"""
Wraps a HDC integer. The resulting object can be passed to the
:py:meth:`~PIL.ImageWin.Dib.draw` and :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageWin.Dib.expose`
methods.
"""
def __init__(self, dc):
self.dc = dc
def __int__(self):
return self.dc
class HWND:
"""
Wraps a HWND integer. The resulting object can be passed to the
:py:meth:`~PIL.ImageWin.Dib.draw` and :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageWin.Dib.expose`
methods, instead of a DC.
"""
def __init__(self, wnd):
self.wnd = wnd
def __int__(self):
return self.wnd
##
# Create a Windows bitmap with the given mode and size. The mode can
# be one of "1", "L", "P", or "RGB".
#
# If the display requires a palette, this constructor creates a
# suitable palette and associates it with the image. For an "L" image,
# 128 greylevels are allocated. For an "RGB" image, a 6x6x6 colour
# cube is used, together with 20 greylevels.
#
# To make sure that palettes work properly under Windows, you must
# call the <b>palette</b> method upon certain events from Windows.
class Dib:
"""
A Windows bitmap with the given mode and size. The mode can be one of "1",
"L", "P", or "RGB".
##
# Create Windows bitmap.
#
# @param image Either a PIL image, or a mode string. If a
# mode string is used, a size must also be given. The
# mode can be one of "1", "L", "P", or "RGB".
# @param size If the first argument is a mode string, this
# defines the size of the image.
If the display requires a palette, this constructor creates a suitable
palette and associates it with the image. For an "L" image, 128 greylevels
are allocated. For an "RGB" image, a 6x6x6 colour cube is used, together
with 20 greylevels.
To make sure that palettes work properly under Windows, you must call the
**palette** method upon certain events from Windows.
:param image: Either a PIL image, or a mode string. If a mode string is
used, a size must also be given. The mode can be one of "1",
"L", "P", or "RGB".
:param size: If the first argument is a mode string, this
defines the size of the image.
"""
def __init__(self, image, size=None):
if hasattr(image, "mode") and hasattr(image, "size"):
@ -74,15 +79,15 @@ class Dib:
if image:
self.paste(image)
##
# Copy the bitmap contents to a device context.
#
# @param handle Device context (HDC), cast to a Python integer,
# or a HDC or HWND instance. In PythonWin, you can use the
# <b>GetHandleAttrib</b> method of the <b>CDC</b> class to get
# a suitable handle.
def expose(self, handle):
"""
Copy the bitmap contents to a device context.
:param handle: Device context (HDC), cast to a Python integer, or a HDC
or HWND instance. In PythonWin, you can use the
:py:meth:`CDC.GetHandleAttrib` to get a suitable handle.
"""
if isinstance(handle, HWND):
dc = self.image.getdc(handle)
try:
@ -94,6 +99,15 @@ class Dib:
return result
def draw(self, handle, dst, src=None):
"""
Same as expose, but allows you to specify where to draw the image, and
what part of it to draw.
The destination and source areas are given as 4-tuple rectangles. If
the source is omitted, the entire image is copied. If the source and
the destination have different sizes, the image is resized as
necessary.
"""
if not src:
src = (0,0) + self.size
if isinstance(handle, HWND):
@ -106,22 +120,22 @@ class Dib:
result = self.image.draw(handle, dst, src)
return result
##
# Installs the palette associated with the image in the
# given device context.
# <p>
# This method should be called upon <b>QUERYNEWPALETTE</b>
# and <b>PALETTECHANGED</b> events from Windows. If this
# method returns a non-zero value, one or more display
# palette entries were changed, and the image should be
# redrawn.
#
# @param handle Device context (HDC), cast to a Python integer,
# or an HDC or HWND instance.
# @return A true value if one or more entries were changed
# (this indicates that the image should be redrawn).
def query_palette(self, handle):
"""
Installs the palette associated with the image in the given device
context.
This method should be called upon **QUERYNEWPALETTE** and
**PALETTECHANGED** events from Windows. If this method returns a
non-zero value, one or more display palette entries were changed, and
the image should be redrawn.
:param handle: Device context (HDC), cast to a Python integer, or an
HDC or HWND instance.
:return: A true value if one or more entries were changed (this
indicates that the image should be redrawn).
"""
if isinstance(handle, HWND):
handle = self.image.getdc(handle)
try:
@ -132,17 +146,18 @@ class Dib:
result = self.image.query_palette(handle)
return result
##
# Paste a PIL image into the bitmap image.
#
# @param im A PIL image. The size must match the target region.
# If the mode does not match, the image is converted to the
# mode of the bitmap image.
# @param box A 4-tuple defining the left, upper, right, and
# lower pixel coordinate. If None is given instead of a
# tuple, all of the image is assumed.
def paste(self, im, box=None):
"""
Paste a PIL image into the bitmap image.
:param im: A PIL image. The size must match the target region.
If the mode does not match, the image is converted to the
mode of the bitmap image.
:param box: A 4-tuple defining the left, upper, right, and
lower pixel coordinate. If None is given instead of a
tuple, all of the image is assumed.
"""
im.load()
if self.mode != im.mode:
im = im.convert(self.mode)
@ -151,21 +166,23 @@ class Dib:
else:
self.image.paste(im.im)
##
# Load display memory contents from byte data.
#
# @param buffer A buffer containing display data (usually
# data returned from <b>tobytes</b>)
def frombytes(self, buffer):
"""
Load display memory contents from byte data.
:param buffer: A buffer containing display data (usually
data returned from <b>tobytes</b>)
"""
return self.image.frombytes(buffer)
##
# Copy display memory contents to bytes object.
#
# @return A bytes object containing display data.
def tobytes(self):
"""
Copy display memory contents to bytes object.
:return: A bytes object containing display data.
"""
return self.image.tobytes()
##

42
PIL/PSDraw.py
View File

@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ from PIL import EpsImagePlugin
# Simple Postscript graphics interface.
class PSDraw:
"""
Sets up printing to the given file. If **file** is omitted,
:py:attr:`sys.stdout` is assumed.
"""
def __init__(self, fp=None):
if not fp:
@ -31,7 +35,7 @@ class PSDraw:
self.fp = fp
def begin_document(self, id = None):
"Write Postscript DSC header"
"""Set up printing of a document. (Write Postscript DSC header.)"""
# FIXME: incomplete
self.fp.write("%!PS-Adobe-3.0\n"
"save\n"
@ -45,7 +49,7 @@ class PSDraw:
self.isofont = {}
def end_document(self):
"Write Postscript DSC footer"
"""Ends printing. (Write Postscript DSC footer.)"""
self.fp.write("%%EndDocument\n"
"restore showpage\n"
"%%End\n")
@ -53,6 +57,12 @@ class PSDraw:
self.fp.flush()
def setfont(self, font, size):
"""
Selects which font to use.
:param font: A Postscript font name
:param size: Size in points.
"""
if font not in self.isofont:
# reencode font
self.fp.write("/PSDraw-%s ISOLatin1Encoding /%s E\n" %\
@ -62,23 +72,49 @@ class PSDraw:
self.fp.write("/F0 %d /PSDraw-%s F\n" % (size, font))
def setink(self, ink):
"""
.. warning::
This has been in the PIL API for ages but was never implemented.
"""
print("*** NOT YET IMPLEMENTED ***")
def line(self, xy0, xy1):
"""
Draws a line between the two points. Coordinates are given in
Postscript point coordinates (72 points per inch, (0, 0) is the lower
left corner of the page).
"""
xy = xy0 + xy1
self.fp.write("%d %d %d %d Vl\n" % xy)
def rectangle(self, box):
"""
Draws a rectangle.
:param box: A 4-tuple of integers whose order and function is currently
undocumented.
Hint: the tuple is passed into this format string:
.. code-block:: python
%d %d M %d %d 0 Vr\n
"""
self.fp.write("%d %d M %d %d 0 Vr\n" % box)
def text(self, xy, text):
"""
Draws text at the given position. You must use
:py:meth:`~PIL.PSDraw.PSDraw.setfont` before calling this method.
"""
text = "\\(".join(text.split("("))
text = "\\)".join(text.split(")"))
xy = xy + (text,)
self.fp.write("%d %d M (%s) S\n" % xy)
def image(self, box, im, dpi = None):
"Write an PIL image"
"""Draw a PIL image, centered in the given box."""
# default resolution depends on mode
if not dpi:
if im.mode == "1":

81
PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py
View File

@ -863,6 +863,12 @@ class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
# fillorder==2 modes have a corresponding
# fillorder=1 mode
self.mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]
# libtiff always returns the bytes in native order.
# we're expecting image byte order. So, if the rawmode
# contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image
# byte order.
if self.mode in ('I;16B', 'I;16'):
rawmode = 'I;16N'
# Offset in the tile tuple is 0, we go from 0,0 to
# w,h, and we only do this once -- eds
@ -1075,41 +1081,54 @@ def _save(im, fp, filename):
_fp = os.dup(fp.fileno())
blocklist = [STRIPOFFSETS, STRIPBYTECOUNTS, ROWSPERSTRIP, ICCPROFILE] # ICC Profile crashes.
items = itertools.chain(getattr(im, 'ifd', {}).items(), ifd.items())
atts = {}
try:
# pull in more bits from the original file, e.g x,y resolution
# so that we can save(load('')) == original file.
for k,v in items:
if k not in atts and k not in blocklist:
if type(v[0]) == tuple and len(v) > 1:
# A tuple of more than one rational tuples
# flatten to floats, following tiffcp.c->cpTag->TIFF_RATIONAL
atts[k] = [float(elt[0])/float(elt[1]) for elt in v]
continue
if type(v[0]) == tuple and len(v) == 1:
# A tuple of one rational tuples
# flatten to floats, following tiffcp.c->cpTag->TIFF_RATIONAL
atts[k] = float(v[0][0])/float(v[0][1])
continue
if type(v) == tuple and len(v) == 1:
# int or similar
atts[k] = v[0]
continue
if isStringType(v):
atts[k] = v.encode('ascii', 'ignore')
continue
atts={}
# Merge the ones that we have with (optional) more bits from
# the original file, e.g x,y resolution so that we can
# save(load('')) == original file.
for k,v in itertools.chain(ifd.items(), getattr(im, 'ifd', {}).items()):
if k not in atts and k not in blocklist:
if type(v[0]) == tuple and len(v) > 1:
# A tuple of more than one rational tuples
# flatten to floats, following tiffcp.c->cpTag->TIFF_RATIONAL
atts[k] = [float(elt[0])/float(elt[1]) for elt in v]
continue
if type(v[0]) == tuple and len(v) == 1:
# A tuple of one rational tuples
# flatten to floats, following tiffcp.c->cpTag->TIFF_RATIONAL
atts[k] = float(v[0][0])/float(v[0][1])
continue
if type(v) == tuple and len(v) > 2:
# List of ints?
# BitsPerSample is one example, I get (8,8,8)
# UNDONE
continue
if type(v) == tuple and len(v) == 2:
# one rational tuple
# flatten to float, following tiffcp.c->cpTag->TIFF_RATIONAL
atts[k] = float(v[0])/float(v[1])
continue
if type(v) == tuple and len(v) == 1:
v = v[0]
# drop through
if isStringType(v):
atts[k] = bytes(v.encode('ascii', 'replace')) + b"\0"
continue
else:
# int or similar
atts[k] = v
except Exception as msg:
# if we don't have an ifd here, just punt.
if Image.DEBUG:
print (msg)
#raise msg
pass
if Image.DEBUG:
print (atts)
# libtiff always returns the bytes in native order.
# we're expecting image byte order. So, if the rawmode
# contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image
# byte order.
if im.mode in ('I;16B', 'I;16'):
rawmode = 'I;16N'
a = (rawmode, compression, _fp, filename, atts)
# print (im.mode, compression, a, im.encoderconfig)
e = Image._getencoder(im.mode, compression, a, im.encoderconfig)
e.setimage(im.im, (0,0)+im.size)
while 1:

545
README.rst
View File

@ -16,547 +16,4 @@ Pillow is the "friendly" PIL fork by Alex Clark and Contributors. PIL is the Pyt
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pillow/
:alt: Number of PyPI downloads
Introduction
------------
.. Note:: Pillow >= 2.1.0 no longer supports "import _imaging". Please use "from PIL.Image import core as _imaging" instead.
.. Note:: Pillow < 2.0.0 supports Python versions 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7; Pillow >= 2.0.0 supports Python versions 2.6, 2.7, 3.2, 3.3.
The fork author's goal is to foster active development of PIL through:
- Continuous integration testing via `Travis CI <https://travis-ci.org/python-imaging/Pillow>`_
- Publicized development activity on `GitHub <https://github.com/python-imaging/Pillow>`_
- Regular releases to the `Python Package Index <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pillow>`_
- Solicitation for community contributions and involvement on `Image-SIG <http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/image-sig>`_
Why a fork?
~~~~~~~~~~~
PIL is not setuptools compatible. Please see http://mail.python.org/pipermail/image-sig/2010-August/006480.html for a more detailed explanation. Also, PIL's current bi-yearly (or greater) release schedule is too infrequent to accomodate the large number and frequency of issues reported.
What about the official PIL?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. Note:: Prior to Pillow 2.0.0, very few image code changes were made. Pillow 2.0.0 added Python 3 support and includes many bug fixes from many contributors.
As more time passes since the last PIL release, the likelyhood of a new PIL release decreases. However, we've yet to hear an official "PIL is dead" announcement. So if you still want to support PIL, please report issues here first:
- https://bitbucket.org/effbot/pil-2009-raclette/issues
Then open a Pillow ticket here:
- https://github.com/python-imaging/Pillow/issues
Please provide a link to the PIL ticket so we can track the issue(s) upstream.
Installation
------------
.. Note:: PIL and Pillow currently cannot co-exist in the same environment. If you want to use Pillow, please remove PIL first.
You can install Pillow with ``pip``::
$ pip install Pillow
Or ``easy_install`` (for installing `Python Eggs <http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/PythonEggs>`_, as pip does not support them)::
$ easy_install Pillow
Or download the compressed archive from PyPI, extract it, and inside it run::
$ python setup.py install
For more information, please see http://pillow.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ or below.
Documentation
-------------
The API documentation included with PIL has been converted (from HTML generated by pythondoc) to reStructured text (via pandoc) and is now `hosted by readthedocs.org <http://pillow.readthedocs.org>`_. This is a work in progress: in order to re-generate new API documentation, either `pythondoc <http://effbot.org/zone/pythondoc.htm>`_ will have to be run again or the pythondoc functionality must be converted to Sphinx.
Community Support
-----------------
Developer
~~~~~~~~~
PIL needs you! Please help us maintain the Python Imaging Library here:
- GitHub (https://github.com/python-imaging/Pillow)
- Freenode (irc://irc.freenode.net#pil)
- Image-SIG (http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/image-sig)
Financial
~~~~~~~~~
Pillow is a volunteer effort led by Alex Clark. If you can't help with development, please help us financially; your assistance is very much needed and appreciated!
.. Note:: Contributors: please add your name and donation preference here.
+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| **Developer** | **Preference** |
+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Alex Clark (fork author) | http://gittip.com/aclark4life |
+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+
Developer Notes
---------------
.. Note:: If there is a binary package for your system, that is the easiest way to install Pillow. Currently we only provide binaries for Windows (via Python eggs).
Build from source
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
* **libjpeg** provides JPEG functionality.
* Pillow has been tested with libjpeg versions **6b**, **8**, and **9**
* **zlib** provides access to compressed PNGs
* **libtiff** provides group4 tiff functionality
* Pillow has been tested with libtiff versions **3.x** and **4.0**
* **libfreetype** provides type related services
* **littlecms** provides color management
* **libwebp** provides the Webp format.
* Pillow has been tested with version **0.1.3**, which does not read transparent webp files. Version **0.3.0** supports transparency.
* **tcl/tk** provides support for tkinter bitmap and photo images.
If the prerequisites are installed in the standard library locations for your machine (e.g. /usr or /usr/local), no additional configuration should be required. If they are installed in a non-standard location, you may need to configure setuptools to use those locations (i.e. by editing setup.py and/or setup.cfg). Once you have installed the prerequisites, run::
$ pip install Pillow
Platform-specific instructions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Linux
+++++
**We do not provide binaries for Linux.** If you didn't build Python from source, make sure you have Python's development libraries installed. In Debian or Ubuntu::
$ sudo apt-get install python-dev python-setuptools
Or for Python 3::
$ sudo apt-get install python3-dev python3-setuptools
Prerequisites are installed on **Ubuntu 10.04 LTS** with::
$ sudo apt-get install libtiff4-dev libjpeg62-dev zlib1g-dev libfreetype6-dev liblcms1-dev tcl8.5-dev tk8.5-dev
Prerequisites are installed with on **Ubuntu 12.04 LTS** or **Raspian Wheezy 7.0** with::
$ sudo apt-get install libtiff4-dev libjpeg8-dev zlib1g-dev libfreetype6-dev liblcms1-dev libwebp-dev tcl8.5-dev tk8.5-dev
Distributions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. Note:: XXX Provide links
Additionally, many Linux distributions now include Pillow (instead of PIL) with their distribution:
- Fedora
- Debian/Ubuntu
- ArchLinux
Mac OS X
++++++++
**We do not provide binaries for OS X.** So you'll need XCode to install Pillow. (XCode 4.2 on 10.6 will work with the Official Python binary distribution. Otherwise, use whatever XCode you used to compile Python.)
The easiest way to install the prerequisites is via `Homebrew <http://mxcl.github.com/homebrew/>`_. After you install Homebrew, run::
$ brew install libtiff libjpeg webp littlecms
If you've built your own Python, then you should be able to install Pillow using::
$ pip install Pillow
Windows
+++++++
We provide binaries for Windows in the form of Python Eggs and `Python Wheels <http://wheel.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html>`_:
Python Eggs
^^^^^^^^^^^
.. Note:: Pip does not support Python Eggs; use easy_install instead.
::
$ easy_install Pillow
Python Wheels
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. Note:: Experimental. Requires Setuptools >=0.8 and Pip >=1.4.1
::
$ pip install --use-wheel Pillow
Platform support
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Current platform support for Pillow. Binary distributions are contributed for each release on a volunteer basis, but the source should compile and run everywhere platform support is listed. In general, we aim to support all current versions of Linux, OS X, and Windows.
.. Note:: Contributors please test on your platform, edit this document and send a pull request
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
|**Operating system** |**Supported**|**Tested Python versions** |**Tested Pillow versions** |**Tested processors** |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| CentOS 6.3 |Yes | 2.7,3.3 | |x86 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion |Yes | 2.6,2.7,3.2,3.3 | |x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Mac OS X 10.7 Lion |Yes | 2.6,2.7,3.2,3.3 | 2.2.0 |x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Redhat Linux 6 |Yes | 2.6 | |x86 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Ubuntu Linux 10.04 LTS |Yes | 2.6 | 2.2.0 |x86,x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Ubuntu Linux 12.04 LTS |Yes | 2.6,2.7,3.2,3.3,PyPy2.1 | 2.2.0 |x86,x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Raspian Wheezy |Yes | 2.7,3.2 | 2.2.0 |arm |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Gentoo Linux |Yes | 2.7,3.2 | 2.1.0 |x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Windows 7 Pro |Yes | 2.7,3.2 | |x86 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise|Yes | 3.3 | |x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Windows 8 Pro |Yes | 2.6,2.7,3.2,3.3,3.4a3 | 2.2.0 |x86,x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
Port existing PIL-based code to Pillow
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Pillow is a functional drop-in replacement for the Python Imaging Library. To run your existing PIL-compatible code with Pillow, it needs to be modified to import the ``Imaging`` module from the ``PIL`` namespace *instead* of the global namespace. I.e. change::
import Image
to::
from PIL import Image
.. Note:: If your code imports from ``_imaging``, it will no longer work.
The preferred, future proof method of importing the private ``_imaging`` module is::
from PIL import Image
_imaging = Image.core
Python Imaging Library
======================
.. Note:: What follows is the original PIL 1.1.7 README file contents.
::
The Python Imaging Library
$Id$
Release 1.1.7 (November 15, 2009)
====================================================================
The Python Imaging Library 1.1.7
====================================================================
Contents
--------
+ Introduction
+ Support Options
- Commercial support
- Free support
+ Software License
+ Build instructions (all platforms)
- Additional notes for Mac OS X
- Additional notes for Windows
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction
--------------------------------------------------------------------
The Python Imaging Library (PIL) adds image processing capabilities
to your Python environment. This library provides extensive file
format support, an efficient internal representation, and powerful
image processing capabilities.
This source kit has been built and tested with Python 2.0 and newer,
on Windows, Mac OS X, and major Unix platforms. Large parts of the
library also work on 1.5.2 and 1.6.
The main distribution site for this software is:
http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
That site also contains information about free and commercial support
options, PIL add-ons, answers to frequently asked questions, and more.
Development versions (alphas, betas) are available here:
http://effbot.org/downloads/
The PIL handbook is not included in this distribution; to get the
latest version, check:
http://www.pythonware.com/library/
http://effbot.org/books/imagingbook/ (drafts)
For installation and licensing details, see below.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Support Options
--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Commercial Support
Secret Labs (PythonWare) offers support contracts for companies using
the Python Imaging Library in commercial applications, and in mission-
critical environments. The support contract includes technical support,
bug fixes, extensions to the PIL library, sample applications, and more.
For the full story, check:
http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/support.htm
+ Free Support
For support and general questions on the Python Imaging Library, send
e-mail to the Image SIG mailing list:
image-sig@python.org
You can join the Image SIG by sending a mail to:
image-sig-request@python.org
Put "subscribe" in the message body to automatically subscribe to the
list, or "help" to get additional information. Alternatively, you can
send your questions to the Python mailing list, python-list@python.org,
or post them to the newsgroup comp.lang.python. DO NOT SEND SUPPORT
QUESTIONS TO PYTHONWARE ADDRESSES.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Software License
--------------------------------------------------------------------
The Python Imaging Library is
Copyright (c) 1997-2009 by Secret Labs AB
Copyright (c) 1995-2009 by Fredrik Lundh
By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its
associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,
and will comply with the following terms and conditions:
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all
copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice
appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Secret Labs
AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
distribution of the software without specific, written prior
permission.
SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Build instructions (all platforms)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
For a list of changes in this release, see the CHANGES document.
0. If you're in a hurry, try this:
$ tar xvfz Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz
$ cd Imaging-1.1.7
$ python setup.py install
If you prefer to know what you're doing, read on.
1. Prerequisites.
If you need any of the features described below, make sure you
have the necessary libraries before building PIL.
feature library
-----------------------------------------------------------------
JPEG support libjpeg (6a or 6b)
http://www.ijg.org
http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/
PNG support zlib (1.2.3 or later is recommended)
http://www.gzip.org/zlib/
OpenType/TrueType freetype2 (2.3.9 or later is recommended)
support
http://www.freetype.org
http://freetype.sourceforge.net
CMS support littleCMS (1.1.5 or later is recommended)
support
http://www.littlecms.com/
If you have a recent Linux version, the libraries provided with the
operating system usually work just fine. If some library is
missing, installing a prebuilt version (jpeg-devel, zlib-devel,
etc) is usually easier than building from source. For example, for
Ubuntu 9.10 (karmic), you can install the following libraries:
sudo apt-get install libjpeg62-dev
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev
sudo apt-get install liblcms1-dev
If you're using Mac OS X, you can use the 'fink' tool to install
missing libraries (also see the Mac OS X section below).
Similar tools are available for many other platforms.
2. To build under Python 1.5.2, you need to install the stand-alone
version of the distutils library:
http://www.python.org/sigs/distutils-sig/download.html
You can fetch distutils 1.0.2 from the Python source repository:
svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/python/tags/Distutils-1_0_2/Lib/distutils/
For newer releases, the distutils library is included in the
Python standard library.
NOTE: Version 1.1.7 is not fully compatible with 1.5.2. Some
more recent additions to the library may not work, but the core
functionality is available.
3. If you didn't build Python from sources, make sure you have
Python's build support files on your machine. If you've down-
loaded a prebuilt package (e.g. a Linux RPM), you probably
need additional developer packages. Look for packages named
"python-dev", "python-devel", or similar. For example, for
Ubuntu 9.10 (karmic), use the following command:
sudo apt-get install python-dev
4. When you have everything you need, unpack the PIL distribution
(the file Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz) in a suitable work directory:
$ cd MyExtensions # example
$ gunzip Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz
$ tar xvf Imaging-1.1.7.tar
5. Build the library. We recommend that you do an in-place build,
and run the self test before installing.
$ cd Imaging-1.1.7
$ python setup.py build_ext -i
$ python selftest.py
During the build process, the setup.py will display a summary
report that lists what external components it found. The self-
test will display a similar report, with what external components
the tests found in the actual build files:
----------------------------------------------------------------
PIL 1.1.7 SETUP SUMMARY
----------------------------------------------------------------
*** TKINTER support not available (Tcl/Tk 8.5 libraries needed)
--- JPEG support available
--- ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support available
--- FREETYPE support available
----------------------------------------------------------------
Make sure that the optional components you need are included.
If the build script won't find a given component, you can edit the
setup.py file and set the appropriate ROOT variable. For details,
see instructions in the file.
If the build script finds the component, but the tests cannot
identify it, try rebuilding *all* modules:
$ python setup.py clean
$ python setup.py build_ext -i
6. If the setup.py and selftest.py commands finish without any
errors, you're ready to install the library:
$ python setup.py install
(depending on how Python has been installed on your machine,
you might have to log in as a superuser to run the 'install'
command, or use the 'sudo' command to run 'install'.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Additional notes for Mac OS X
--------------------------------------------------------------------
On Mac OS X you will usually install additional software such as
libjpeg or freetype with the "fink" tool, and then it ends up in
"/sw". If you have installed the libraries elsewhere, you may have
to tweak the "setup.py" file before building.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Additional notes for Windows
--------------------------------------------------------------------
On Windows, you need to tweak the ROOT settings in the "setup.py"
file, to make it find the external libraries. See comments in the
file for details.
Make sure to build PIL and the external libraries with the same
runtime linking options as was used for the Python interpreter
(usually /MD, under Visual Studio).
Note that most Python distributions for Windows include libraries
compiled for Microsoft Visual Studio. You can get the free Express
edition of Visual Studio from:
http://www.microsoft.com/Express/
To build extensions using other tool chains, see the "Using
non-Microsoft compilers on Windows" section in the distutils handbook:
http://www.python.org/doc/current/inst/non-ms-compilers.html
For additional information on how to build extensions using the
popular MinGW compiler, see:
http://mingw.org (compiler)
http://sebsauvage.net/python/mingw.html (build instructions)
http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32 (prebuilt libraries)
The documentation is hosted at http://pillow.readthedocs.org/. It contains installation instructions, tutorials, reference, compatibility details, and more.

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67
Tests/test_file_libtiff.py
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@ -92,6 +92,9 @@ def test_g4_write():
assert_equal(reread.size,(500,500))
_assert_noerr(reread)
assert_image_equal(reread, rot)
assert_equal(reread.info['compression'], orig.info['compression'])
assert_false(orig.tobytes() == reread.tobytes())
def test_adobe_deflate_tiff():
@ -124,3 +127,67 @@ def test_write_metadata():
for tag, value in original.items():
if tag not in ignored:
assert_equal(value, reloaded[tag], "%s didn't roundtrip" % tag)
def test_little_endian():
im = Image.open('Tests/images/12bit.deflate.tif')
assert_equal(im.getpixel((0,0)), 480)
assert_equal(im.mode, 'I;16')
b = im.tobytes()
# Bytes are in image native order (little endian)
if py3:
assert_equal(b[0], ord(b'\xe0'))
assert_equal(b[1], ord(b'\x01'))
else:
assert_equal(b[0], b'\xe0')
assert_equal(b[1], b'\x01')
out = tempfile("temp.tif")
out = "temp.le.tif"
im.save(out)
reread = Image.open(out)
assert_equal(reread.info['compression'], im.info['compression'])
assert_equal(reread.getpixel((0,0)), 480)
# UNDONE - libtiff defaults to writing in native endian, so
# on big endian, we'll get back mode = 'I;16B' here.
def test_big_endian():
im = Image.open('Tests/images/12bit.MM.deflate.tif')
assert_equal(im.getpixel((0,0)), 480)
assert_equal(im.mode, 'I;16B')
b = im.tobytes()
# Bytes are in image native order (big endian)
if py3:
assert_equal(b[0], ord(b'\x01'))
assert_equal(b[1], ord(b'\xe0'))
else:
assert_equal(b[0], b'\x01')
assert_equal(b[1], b'\xe0')
out = tempfile("temp.tif")
im.save(out)
reread = Image.open(out)
assert_equal(reread.info['compression'], im.info['compression'])
assert_equal(reread.getpixel((0,0)), 480)
def test_g4_string_info():
"""Tests String data in info directory"""
file = "Tests/images/lena_g4_500.tif"
orig = Image.open(file)
out = tempfile("temp.tif")
orig.tag[269] = 'temp.tif'
orig.save(out)
reread = Image.open(out)
assert_equal('temp.tif', reread.tag[269])

31
Tests/test_file_tiff.py
View File

@ -71,3 +71,34 @@ def test_xyres_tiff():
im.tag.tags[Y_RESOLUTION] = (72,)
im._setup()
assert_equal(im.info['dpi'], (72., 72.))
def test_little_endian():
im = Image.open('Tests/images/12bit.cropped.tif')
assert_equal(im.getpixel((0,0)), 480)
assert_equal(im.mode, 'I;16')
b = im.tobytes()
# Bytes are in image native order (little endian)
if py3:
assert_equal(b[0], ord(b'\xe0'))
assert_equal(b[1], ord(b'\x01'))
else:
assert_equal(b[0], b'\xe0')
assert_equal(b[1], b'\x01')
def test_big_endian():
im = Image.open('Tests/images/12bit.MM.cropped.tif')
assert_equal(im.getpixel((0,0)), 480)
assert_equal(im.mode, 'I;16B')
b = im.tobytes()
# Bytes are in image native order (big endian)
if py3:
assert_equal(b[0], ord(b'\x01'))
assert_equal(b[1], ord(b'\xe0'))
else:
assert_equal(b[0], b'\x01')
assert_equal(b[1], b'\xe0')

41
Tests/test_format_lab.py Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
from tester import *
from PIL import Image
def test_white():
i = Image.open('Tests/images/lab.tif')
bits = i.load()
assert_equal(i.mode, 'LAB')
assert_equal(i.getbands(), ('L','A', 'B'))
k = i.getpixel((0,0))
assert_equal(k, (255,128,128))
L = i.getdata(0)
a = i.getdata(1)
b = i.getdata(2)
assert_equal(list(L), [255]*100)
assert_equal(list(a), [128]*100)
assert_equal(list(b), [128]*100)
def test_green():
# l= 50 (/100), a = -100 (-128 .. 128) b=0 in PS
# == RGB: 0, 152, 117
i = Image.open('Tests/images/lab-green.tif')
k = i.getpixel((0,0))
assert_equal(k, (128,28,128))
def test_red():
# l= 50 (/100), a = 100 (-128 .. 128) b=0 in PS
# == RGB: 255, 0, 124
i = Image.open('Tests/images/lab-red.tif')
k = i.getpixel((0,0))
assert_equal(k, (128,228,128))

91
Tests/test_imagecms.py
View File

@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def test_sanity():
# this mostly follows the cms_test outline.
v = ImageCms.versions() # should return four strings
assert_equal(v[0], '0.1.0 pil')
assert_equal(v[0], '1.0.0 pil')
assert_equal(list(map(type, v)), [str, str, str, str])
# internal version number
@ -39,44 +39,121 @@ def test_sanity():
i = ImageCms.applyTransform(lena(), t)
assert_image(i, "RGB", (128, 128))
# test PointTransform convenience API
im = lena().point(t)
def test_name():
# get profile information for file
assert_equal(ImageCms.getProfileName(SRGB).strip(),
'IEC 61966-2.1 Default RGB colour space - sRGB')
def x_test_info():
assert_equal(ImageCms.getProfileInfo(SRGB).splitlines(),
['sRGB IEC61966-2.1', '',
'Copyright (c) 1998 Hewlett-Packard Company', '',
'WhitePoint : D65 (daylight)', '',
'Tests/icc/sRGB.icm'])
def test_intent():
assert_equal(ImageCms.getDefaultIntent(SRGB), 0)
assert_equal(ImageCms.isIntentSupported(
SRGB, ImageCms.INTENT_ABSOLUTE_COLORIMETRIC,
ImageCms.DIRECTION_INPUT), 1)
def test_profile_object():
# same, using profile object
p = ImageCms.createProfile("sRGB")
assert_equal(ImageCms.getProfileName(p).strip(),
'sRGB built-in - (lcms internal)')
assert_equal(ImageCms.getProfileInfo(p).splitlines(),
['sRGB built-in', '', 'WhitePoint : D65 (daylight)', '', ''])
# assert_equal(ImageCms.getProfileName(p).strip(),
# 'sRGB built-in - (lcms internal)')
# assert_equal(ImageCms.getProfileInfo(p).splitlines(),
# ['sRGB built-in', '', 'WhitePoint : D65 (daylight)', '', ''])
assert_equal(ImageCms.getDefaultIntent(p), 0)
assert_equal(ImageCms.isIntentSupported(
p, ImageCms.INTENT_ABSOLUTE_COLORIMETRIC,
ImageCms.DIRECTION_INPUT), 1)
def test_extensions():
# extensions
i = Image.open("Tests/images/rgb.jpg")
p = ImageCms.getOpenProfile(BytesIO(i.info["icc_profile"]))
assert_equal(ImageCms.getProfileName(p).strip(),
'IEC 61966-2.1 Default RGB colour space - sRGB')
def test_exceptions():
# the procedural pyCMS API uses PyCMSError for all sorts of errors
assert_exception(ImageCms.PyCMSError, lambda: ImageCms.profileToProfile(lena(), "foo", "bar"))
assert_exception(ImageCms.PyCMSError, lambda: ImageCms.buildTransform("foo", "bar", "RGB", "RGB"))
assert_exception(ImageCms.PyCMSError, lambda: ImageCms.getProfileName(None))
assert_exception(ImageCms.PyCMSError, lambda: ImageCms.isIntentSupported(SRGB, None, None))
# test PointTransform convenience API
im = lena().point(t)
def test_display_profile():
# try fetching the profile for the current display device
assert_no_exception(lambda: ImageCms.get_display_profile())
def test_lab_color_profile():
pLab = ImageCms.createProfile("LAB", 5000)
pLab = ImageCms.createProfile("LAB", 6500)
def test_simple_lab():
i = Image.new('RGB', (10,10), (128,128,128))
pLab = ImageCms.createProfile("LAB")
t = ImageCms.buildTransform(SRGB, pLab, "RGB", "LAB")
i_lab = ImageCms.applyTransform(i, t)
assert_equal(i_lab.mode, 'LAB')
k = i_lab.getpixel((0,0))
assert_equal(k, (137,128,128)) # not a linear luminance map. so L != 128
L = i_lab.getdata(0)
a = i_lab.getdata(1)
b = i_lab.getdata(2)
assert_equal(list(L), [137]*100)
assert_equal(list(a), [128]*100)
assert_equal(list(b), [128]*100)
def test_lab_color():
pLab = ImageCms.createProfile("LAB")
t = ImageCms.buildTransform(SRGB, pLab, "RGB", "LAB")
# need to add a type mapping for some PIL type to TYPE_Lab_8 in findLCMSType,
# and have that mapping work back to a PIL mode. (likely RGB)
i = ImageCms.applyTransform(lena(), t)
assert_image(i, "LAB", (128, 128))
# i.save('temp.lab.tif') # visually verified vs PS.
target = Image.open('Tests/images/lena.Lab.tif')
assert_image_similar(i, target, 30)
def test_lab_srgb():
pLab = ImageCms.createProfile("LAB")
t = ImageCms.buildTransform(pLab, SRGB, "LAB", "RGB")
img = Image.open('Tests/images/lena.Lab.tif')
img_srgb = ImageCms.applyTransform(img, t)
# img_srgb.save('temp.srgb.tif') # visually verified vs ps.
assert_image_similar(lena(), img_srgb, 30)
def test_lab_roundtrip():
# check to see if we're at least internally consistent.
pLab = ImageCms.createProfile("LAB")
t = ImageCms.buildTransform(SRGB, pLab, "RGB", "LAB")
t2 = ImageCms.buildTransform(pLab, SRGB, "LAB", "RGB")
i = ImageCms.applyTransform(lena(), t)
out = ImageCms.applyTransform(i, t2)
assert_image_similar(lena(), out, 2)

47
Tests/test_imagefont.py
View File

@ -88,5 +88,48 @@ def test_render_multiline():
# setting a tight epsilon, I'm showing the original test failure
# at epsilon = ~38.
assert_image_similar(im, target_img,.5)
def test_rotated_transposed_font():
img_grey = Image.new("L", (100, 100))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img_grey)
word = "testing"
font = ImageFont.truetype(font_path, font_size)
orientation = Image.ROTATE_90
transposed_font = ImageFont.TransposedFont(font, orientation=orientation)
# Original font
draw.setfont(font)
box_size_a = draw.textsize(word)
# Rotated font
draw.setfont(transposed_font)
box_size_b = draw.textsize(word)
# Check (w,h) of box a is (h,w) of box b
assert_equal(box_size_a[0], box_size_b[1])
assert_equal(box_size_a[1], box_size_b[0])
def test_unrotated_transposed_font():
img_grey = Image.new("L", (100, 100))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img_grey)
word = "testing"
font = ImageFont.truetype(font_path, font_size)
orientation = None
transposed_font = ImageFont.TransposedFont(font, orientation=orientation)
# Original font
draw.setfont(font)
box_size_a = draw.textsize(word)
# Rotated font
draw.setfont(transposed_font)
box_size_b = draw.textsize(word)
# Check boxes a and b are same size
assert_equal(box_size_a, box_size_b)

9
Tests/test_lib_pack.py
View File

@ -101,8 +101,11 @@ def test_unpack():
assert_equal(unpack("RGB", "RGB;R", 3), (128, 64, 192))
assert_equal(unpack("RGB", "RGB;16B", 6), (1, 3, 5)) # ?
assert_equal(unpack("RGB", "BGR", 3), (3, 2, 1))
assert_equal(unpack("RGB", "RGB;15", 2), (8, 131, 0))
assert_equal(unpack("RGB", "BGR;15", 2), (0, 131, 8))
assert_equal(unpack("RGB", "RGB;16", 2), (8, 64, 0))
assert_equal(unpack("RGB", "BGR;16", 2), (0, 64, 8))
assert_equal(unpack("RGB", "RGB;4B", 2), (17, 0, 34))
assert_equal(unpack("RGB", "RGBX", 4), (1, 2, 3))
assert_equal(unpack("RGB", "BGRX", 4), (3, 2, 1))
@ -113,11 +116,17 @@ def test_unpack():
assert_equal(unpack("RGBA", "BGRA", 4), (3, 2, 1, 4))
assert_equal(unpack("RGBA", "ARGB", 4), (2, 3, 4, 1))
assert_equal(unpack("RGBA", "ABGR", 4), (4, 3, 2, 1))
assert_equal(unpack("RGBA", "RGBA;15", 2), (8, 131, 0, 0))
assert_equal(unpack("RGBA", "BGRA;15", 2), (0, 131, 8, 0))
assert_equal(unpack("RGBA", "RGBA;4B", 2), (17, 0, 34, 0))
assert_equal(unpack("RGBX", "RGBX", 4), (1, 2, 3, 4)) # 4->255?
assert_equal(unpack("RGBX", "BGRX", 4), (3, 2, 1, 255))
assert_equal(unpack("RGBX", "XRGB", 4), (2, 3, 4, 255))
assert_equal(unpack("RGBX", "XBGR", 4), (4, 3, 2, 255))
assert_equal(unpack("RGBX", "RGB;15", 2), (8, 131, 0, 255))
assert_equal(unpack("RGBX", "BGR;15", 2), (0, 131, 8, 255))
assert_equal(unpack("RGBX", "RGB;4B", 2), (17, 0, 34, 255))
assert_equal(unpack("CMYK", "CMYK", 4), (1, 2, 3, 4))
assert_equal(unpack("CMYK", "CMYK;I", 4), (254, 253, 252, 251))

6
Tests/test_numpy.py
View File

@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def test_16bit():
img = Image.open('Tests/images/12bit.cropped.tif')
np_img = numpy.array(img)
_test_img_equals_nparray(img, np_img)
assert_equal(np_img.dtype, numpy.dtype('uint16'))
assert_equal(np_img.dtype, numpy.dtype('<u2'))
def test_to_array():
@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ def test_to_array():
("RGBX", 'uint8'),
("CMYK", 'uint8'),
("YCbCr", 'uint8'),
("I;16", 'uint16'),
("I;16", '<u2'),
("I;16B", '>u2'),
("I;16L", 'uint16'),
("I;16L", '<u2'),
]

151
_imagingcms.c
View File

@ -24,24 +24,21 @@ http://www.cazabon.com\n\
"
#include "Python.h"
#include "lcms.h"
#include "lcms2.h"
#include "Imaging.h"
#include "py3.h"
#if LCMS_VERSION < 117
#define LCMSBOOL BOOL
#endif
#ifdef WIN32
#include <windef.h>
#include <wingdi.h>
#endif
#define PYCMSVERSION "0.1.0 pil"
#define PYCMSVERSION "1.0.0 pil"
/* version history */
/*
1.0.0 pil Integrating littleCMS2
0.1.0 pil integration & refactoring
0.0.2 alpha: Minor updates, added interfaces to littleCMS features, Jan 6, 2003
- fixed some memory holes in how transforms/profiles were created and passed back to Python
@ -107,8 +104,6 @@ cms_profile_open(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:profile_open", &sProfile))
return NULL;
cmsErrorAction(LCMS_ERROR_IGNORE);
hProfile = cmsOpenProfileFromFile(sProfile, "r");
if (!hProfile) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "cannot open profile file");
@ -133,8 +128,6 @@ cms_profile_fromstring(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
return NULL;
#endif
cmsErrorAction(LCMS_ERROR_IGNORE);
hProfile = cmsOpenProfileFromMem(pProfile, nProfile);
if (!hProfile) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError, "cannot open profile from string");
@ -192,25 +185,25 @@ cms_transform_dealloc(CmsTransformObject* self)
/* internal functions */
static const char*
findICmode(icColorSpaceSignature cs)
findICmode(cmsColorSpaceSignature cs)
{
switch (cs) {
case icSigXYZData: return "XYZ";
case icSigLabData: return "LAB";
case icSigLuvData: return "LUV";
case icSigYCbCrData: return "YCbCr";
case icSigYxyData: return "YXY";
case icSigRgbData: return "RGB";
case icSigGrayData: return "L";
case icSigHsvData: return "HSV";
case icSigHlsData: return "HLS";
case icSigCmykData: return "CMYK";
case icSigCmyData: return "CMY";
case cmsSigXYZData: return "XYZ";
case cmsSigLabData: return "LAB";
case cmsSigLuvData: return "LUV";
case cmsSigYCbCrData: return "YCbCr";
case cmsSigYxyData: return "YXY";
case cmsSigRgbData: return "RGB";
case cmsSigGrayData: return "L";
case cmsSigHsvData: return "HSV";
case cmsSigHlsData: return "HLS";
case cmsSigCmykData: return "CMYK";
case cmsSigCmyData: return "CMY";
default: return ""; /* other TBA */
}
}
static DWORD
static cmsUInt32Number
findLCMStype(char* PILmode)
{
if (strcmp(PILmode, "RGB") == 0) {
@ -243,6 +236,10 @@ findLCMStype(char* PILmode)
else if (strcmp(PILmode, "YCC") == 0) {
return TYPE_YCbCr_8;
}
else if (strcmp(PILmode, "LAB") == 0) {
// LabX equvalent like ALab, but not reversed -- no #define in lcms2
return (COLORSPACE_SH(PT_LabV2)|CHANNELS_SH(3)|BYTES_SH(1)|EXTRA_SH(1));
}
else {
/* take a wild guess... but you probably should fail instead. */
@ -269,12 +266,10 @@ pyCMSdoTransform(Imaging im, Imaging imOut, cmsHTRANSFORM hTransform)
}
static cmsHTRANSFORM
_buildTransform(cmsHPROFILE hInputProfile, cmsHPROFILE hOutputProfile, char *sInMode, char *sOutMode, int iRenderingIntent, DWORD cmsFLAGS)
_buildTransform(cmsHPROFILE hInputProfile, cmsHPROFILE hOutputProfile, char *sInMode, char *sOutMode, int iRenderingIntent, cmsUInt32Number cmsFLAGS)
{
cmsHTRANSFORM hTransform;
cmsErrorAction(LCMS_ERROR_IGNORE);
Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
/* create the transform */
@ -293,12 +288,10 @@ _buildTransform(cmsHPROFILE hInputProfile, cmsHPROFILE hOutputProfile, char *sIn
}
static cmsHTRANSFORM
_buildProofTransform(cmsHPROFILE hInputProfile, cmsHPROFILE hOutputProfile, cmsHPROFILE hProofProfile, char *sInMode, char *sOutMode, int iRenderingIntent, int iProofIntent, DWORD cmsFLAGS)
_buildProofTransform(cmsHPROFILE hInputProfile, cmsHPROFILE hOutputProfile, cmsHPROFILE hProofProfile, char *sInMode, char *sOutMode, int iRenderingIntent, int iProofIntent, cmsUInt32Number cmsFLAGS)
{
cmsHTRANSFORM hTransform;
cmsErrorAction(LCMS_ERROR_IGNORE);
Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
/* create the transform */
@ -336,8 +329,6 @@ buildTransform(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!O!ss|ii:buildTransform", &CmsProfile_Type, &pInputProfile, &CmsProfile_Type, &pOutputProfile, &sInMode, &sOutMode, &iRenderingIntent, &cmsFLAGS))
return NULL;
cmsErrorAction(LCMS_ERROR_IGNORE);
transform = _buildTransform(pInputProfile->profile, pOutputProfile->profile, sInMode, sOutMode, iRenderingIntent, cmsFLAGS);
if (!transform)
@ -363,8 +354,6 @@ buildProofTransform(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!O!O!ss|iii:buildProofTransform", &CmsProfile_Type, &pInputProfile, &CmsProfile_Type, &pOutputProfile, &CmsProfile_Type, &pProofProfile, &sInMode, &sOutMode, &iRenderingIntent, &iProofIntent, &cmsFLAGS))
return NULL;
cmsErrorAction(LCMS_ERROR_IGNORE);
transform = _buildProofTransform(pInputProfile->profile, pOutputProfile->profile, pProofProfile->profile, sInMode, sOutMode, iRenderingIntent, iProofIntent, cmsFLAGS);
if (!transform)
@ -390,8 +379,6 @@ cms_transform_apply(CmsTransformObject *self, PyObject *args)
im = (Imaging) idIn;
imOut = (Imaging) idOut;
cmsErrorAction(LCMS_ERROR_IGNORE);
result = pyCMSdoTransform(im, imOut, self->transform);
return Py_BuildValue("i", result);
@ -405,32 +392,34 @@ createProfile(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
char *sColorSpace;
cmsHPROFILE hProfile;
int iColorTemp = 0;
LPcmsCIExyY whitePoint = NULL;
LCMSBOOL result;
cmsFloat64Number dColorTemp = 0.0;
cmsCIExyY whitePoint;
cmsBool result;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s|i:createProfile", &sColorSpace, &iColorTemp))
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s|d:createProfile", &sColorSpace, &dColorTemp))
return NULL;
cmsErrorAction(LCMS_ERROR_IGNORE);
if (strcmp(sColorSpace, "LAB") == 0) {
if (iColorTemp > 0) {
result = cmsWhitePointFromTemp(iColorTemp, whitePoint);
if (dColorTemp > 0.0) {
result = cmsWhitePointFromTemp(&whitePoint, dColorTemp);
if (!result) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "ERROR: Could not calculate white point from color temperature provided, must be integer in degrees Kelvin");
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "ERROR: Could not calculate white point from color temperature provided, must be float in degrees Kelvin");
return NULL;
}
hProfile = cmsCreateLabProfile(whitePoint);
} else
hProfile = cmsCreateLabProfile(NULL);
hProfile = cmsCreateLab2Profile(&whitePoint);
} else {
hProfile = cmsCreateLab2Profile(NULL);
}
}
else if (strcmp(sColorSpace, "XYZ") == 0)
else if (strcmp(sColorSpace, "XYZ") == 0) {
hProfile = cmsCreateXYZProfile();
else if (strcmp(sColorSpace, "sRGB") == 0)
}
else if (strcmp(sColorSpace, "sRGB") == 0) {
hProfile = cmsCreate_sRGBProfile();
else
}
else {
hProfile = NULL;
}
if (!hProfile) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "failed to create requested color space");
@ -446,7 +435,7 @@ createProfile(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
static PyObject *
cms_profile_is_intent_supported(CmsProfileObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
LCMSBOOL result;
cmsBool result;
int intent;
int direction;
@ -465,7 +454,7 @@ static PyObject *
cms_get_display_profile_win32(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
{
char filename[MAX_PATH];
DWORD filename_size;
cmsUInt32Number filename_size;
BOOL ok;
int handle = 0;
@ -519,27 +508,63 @@ static struct PyMethodDef cms_profile_methods[] = {
};
static PyObject*
cms_profile_getattr_product_name(CmsProfileObject* self, void* closure)
_profile_getattr(CmsProfileObject* self, cmsInfoType field)
{
return PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(cmsTakeProductName(self->profile));
// UNDONE -- check that I'm getting the right fields on these.
// return PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(cmsTakeProductName(self->profile));
//wchar_t buf[256]; -- UNDONE need wchar_t for unicode version.
char buf[256];
cmsUInt32Number written;
written = cmsGetProfileInfoASCII(self->profile,
field,
"en",
"us",
buf,
256);
if (written) {
return PyUnicode_FromString(buf);
}
// UNDONE suppressing error here by sending back blank string.
return PyUnicode_FromString("");
}
static PyObject*
cms_profile_getattr_product_desc(CmsProfileObject* self, void* closure)
{
return PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(cmsTakeProductDesc(self->profile));
{
// description was Description != 'Copyright' || or "%s - %s" (manufacturer, model) in 1.x
return _profile_getattr(self, cmsInfoDescription);
}
/* use these four for the individual fields.
*/
static PyObject*
cms_profile_getattr_product_description(CmsProfileObject* self, void* closure)
{
return _profile_getattr(self, cmsInfoDescription);
}
static PyObject*
cms_profile_getattr_product_info(CmsProfileObject* self, void* closure)
{
return PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(cmsTakeProductInfo(self->profile));
cms_profile_getattr_product_model(CmsProfileObject* self, void* closure)
{
return _profile_getattr(self, cmsInfoModel);
}
static PyObject*
cms_profile_getattr_product_manufacturer(CmsProfileObject* self, void* closure)
{
return _profile_getattr(self, cmsInfoManufacturer);
}
static PyObject*
cms_profile_getattr_product_copyright(CmsProfileObject* self, void* closure)
{
return _profile_getattr(self, cmsInfoCopyright);
}
static PyObject*
cms_profile_getattr_rendering_intent(CmsProfileObject* self, void* closure)
{
return PyInt_FromLong(cmsTakeRenderingIntent(self->profile));
return PyInt_FromLong(cmsGetHeaderRenderingIntent(self->profile));
}
static PyObject*
@ -556,9 +581,11 @@ cms_profile_getattr_color_space(CmsProfileObject* self, void* closure)
/* FIXME: add more properties (creation_datetime etc) */
static struct PyGetSetDef cms_profile_getsetters[] = {
{ "product_name", (getter) cms_profile_getattr_product_name },
{ "product_desc", (getter) cms_profile_getattr_product_desc },
{ "product_info", (getter) cms_profile_getattr_product_info },
{ "product_description", (getter) cms_profile_getattr_product_description },
{ "product_manufacturer", (getter) cms_profile_getattr_product_manufacturer },
{ "product_model", (getter) cms_profile_getattr_product_model },
{ "product_copyright", (getter) cms_profile_getattr_product_copyright },
{ "rendering_intent", (getter) cms_profile_getattr_rendering_intent },
{ "pcs", (getter) cms_profile_getattr_pcs },
{ "color_space", (getter) cms_profile_getattr_color_space },

1
docs/Guardfile
View File

@ -5,5 +5,6 @@ from livereload.compiler import shell
Task.add('*.rst', shell('make html'))
Task.add('*/*.rst', shell('make html'))
Task.add('_static/*.css', shell('make clean html'))
Task.add('_templates/*', shell('make clean html'))
Task.add('Makefile', shell('make html'))
Task.add('conf.py', shell('make html'))

159
docs/PIL.rst
View File

@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
PIL Package
===========
PIL Package (autodoc of remaining modules)
==========================================
:mod:`Image` Module
-------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.Image
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
Reference for modules whose documentation has not yet been ported or written
can be found here.
:mod:`BdfFontFile` Module
-------------------------
@ -65,14 +60,6 @@ PIL Package
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageChops` Module
------------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageChops
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageCms` Module
----------------------
@ -81,22 +68,7 @@ PIL Package
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageColor` Module
------------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageColor
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageDraw` Module
-----------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageDraw
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
.. intentionally skipped documenting this because it's not documented anywhere
:mod:`ImageDraw2` Module
------------------------
@ -105,22 +77,7 @@ PIL Package
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageEnhance` Module
--------------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageEnhance
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageFile` Module
-----------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageFile
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
.. intentionally skipped documenting this because it's deprecated
:mod:`ImageFileIO` Module
-------------------------
@ -129,78 +86,6 @@ PIL Package
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageFilter` Module
-------------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageFilter
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageFont` Module
-----------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageFont
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageMath` Module
-----------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageMath
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageMode` Module
-----------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageMode
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageOps` Module
----------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageOps
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImagePalette` Module
--------------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImagePalette
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImagePath` Module
-----------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImagePath
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageQt` Module
---------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageQt
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageSequence` Module
---------------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageSequence
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageShow` Module
-----------------------
@ -209,22 +94,6 @@ PIL Package
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageStat` Module
-----------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageStat
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageTk` Module
---------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageTk
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageTransform` Module
----------------------------
@ -233,14 +102,6 @@ PIL Package
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`ImageWin` Module
----------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.ImageWin
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`JpegPresets` Module
-------------------------
@ -257,14 +118,6 @@ PIL Package
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`PSDraw` Module
--------------------
.. automodule:: PIL.PSDraw
:members:
:undoc-members:
:show-inheritance:
:mod:`PaletteFile` Module
-------------------------

18
docs/_templates/sidebarhelp.html vendored Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
<h3>Need help?</h3>
<p>
You can seek realtime assistance via IRC at
<a href="irc://irc.freenode.net#pil">irc://irc.freenode.net#pil</a>. You can
also post to the
<a href="http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/image-sig">
Image-SIG mailing list</a>. And, of course, there's
<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/pillow">
Stack Overflow</a>.
</p>
<p>
If you've discovered a bug, you can
<a href="https://github.com/python-imaging/Pillow/issues/new">open an issue
on Github</a>.
</p>

47
docs/about.rst Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
About Pillow
============
Goals
-----
The fork authors' goal is to foster active development of PIL through:
- Continuous integration testing via `Travis CI`_
- Publicized development activity on `GitHub`_
- Regular releases to the `Python Package Index`_
- Solicitation for community contributions and involvement on `Image-SIG`_
.. _Travis CI: https://travis-ci.org/python-imaging/Pillow
.. _GitHub: https://github.com/python-imaging/Pillow
.. _Python Package Index: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pillow
.. _Image-SIG: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/image-sig
Why a fork?
-----------
PIL is not setuptools compatible. Please see `this Image-SIG post`_ for a more
detailed explanation. Also, PIL's current bi-yearly (or greater) release
schedule is too infrequent to accomodate the large number and frequency of
issues reported.
.. _this Image-SIG post: https://mail.python.org/pipermail/image-sig/2010-August/006480.html
What about the official PIL?
----------------------------
.. note::
Prior to Pillow 2.0.0, very few image code changes were made. Pillow 2.0.0
added Python 3 support and includes many bug fixes from many contributors.
As more time passes since the last PIL release, the likelyhood of a new PIL
release decreases. However, we've yet to hear an official "PIL is dead"
announcement. So if you still want to support PIL, please
`report issues here first`_, then
`open the corresponding Pillow tickets here`_.
.. _report issues here first: https://bitbucket.org/effbot/pil-2009-raclette/issues
.. _open the corresponding Pillow tickets here: https://github.com/python-imaging/Pillow/issues
Please provide a link to the PIL ticket so we can track the issue(s) upstream.

204
docs/conf.py
View File

@ -1,96 +1,39 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Pillow (PIL fork) documentation build configuration file, created by
# sphinx-quickstart on Fri Apr 12 19:51:26 2013.
#
# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its containing dir.
#
# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this
# autogenerated file.
#
# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
# serve to show the default.
import os
import sys
import sys, os
# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../'))
import PIL
# -- General configuration -----------------------------------------------------
### general configuration ###
# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
#needs_sphinx = '1.0'
needs_sphinx = '1.0'
# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be extensions
# coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom ones.
extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc', 'sphinx.ext.viewcode',
'sphinx.ext.intersphinx']
intersphinx_mapping = {'http://docs.python.org/2/': None}
# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
templates_path = ['_templates']
# The suffix of source filenames.
source_suffix = '.rst'
# The encoding of source files.
templates_path = ['_templates']
#source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
# The master toctree document.
master_doc = 'index'
# General information about the project.
project = u'Pillow (PIL fork)'
copyright = u'1997-2011 by Secret Labs AB, 1995-2011 by Fredrik Lundh, 2010-2013 Alex Clark'
copyright = (u'1997-2011 by Secret Labs AB,'
u' 1995-2011 by Fredrik Lundh, 2010-2013 Alex Clark')
# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
# built documents.
#
# The short X.Y version.
version = PIL.PILLOW_VERSION
# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
release = version
# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
# for a list of supported languages.
#language = None
# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
# non-false value, then it is used:
#today = ''
# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
# currently excluding autodoc'd plugs
exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'plugins.rst']
# The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all documents.
#default_role = None
# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
#add_function_parentheses = True
# If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
# unit titles (such as .. function::).
#add_module_names = True
# If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
# output. They are ignored by default.
#show_authors = False
# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
pygments_style = 'sphinx'
# A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
#modindex_common_prefix = []
# -- Options for HTML output ---------------------------------------------------
### HTML output ###
from better import better_theme_path
html_theme_path = [better_theme_path]
@ -100,140 +43,27 @@ html_title = "Pillow v{release} (PIL fork)".format(release=release)
html_short_title = "Home"
html_static_path = ['_static']
# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
# further. For a list of options available for each theme, see the
# documentation.
html_theme_options = {}
html_sidebars = {
'**': ['localtoc.html', 'sourcelink.html', 'searchbox.html'],
'index': ['searchbox.html'],
'**': ['localtoc.html', 'sourcelink.html', 'sidebarhelp.html',
'searchbox.html'],
'index': ['globaltoc.html', 'sidebarhelp.html', 'searchbox.html'],
}
# The name for this set of Sphinx documents. If None, it defaults to
# "<project> v<release> documentation".
#html_title = None
# Output file base name for HTML help builder.
htmlhelp_basename = 'PillowPILforkdoc'
htmlhelp_basename = 'Pillowdoc'
# -- Options for LaTeX output --------------------------------------------------
### LaTeX output (RtD PDF output as well) ###
latex_elements = {
# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
#'papersize': 'letterpaper',
latex_elements = {}
# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
#'pointsize': '10pt',
# Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
#'preamble': '',
}
# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
# (source start file, target name, title, author, documentclass [howto/manual]).
latex_documents = [
('index', 'PillowPILfork.tex', u'Pillow (PIL fork) Documentation',
u'Author', 'manual'),
('index', 'Pillow.tex', u'Pillow (PIL fork) Documentation', u'Author',
'manual'),
]
# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
# the title page.
#latex_logo = None
# For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
# not chapters.
#latex_use_parts = False
# If true, show page references after internal links.
#latex_show_pagerefs = False
# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
#latex_show_urls = False
# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
#latex_appendices = []
# If false, no module index is generated.
#latex_domain_indices = True
# -- Options for manual page output --------------------------------------------
# One entry per manual page. List of tuples
# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
man_pages = [
('index', 'pillowpilfork', u'Pillow (PIL fork) Documentation',
[u'Author'], 1)
]
# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
#man_show_urls = False
# -- Options for Texinfo output ------------------------------------------------
# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
# (source start file, target name, title, author,
# dir menu entry, description, category)
texinfo_documents = [
('index', 'PillowPILfork', u'Pillow (PIL fork) Documentation',
u'Author', 'PillowPILfork', 'One line description of project.',
'Miscellaneous'),
]
# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
#texinfo_appendices = []
# If false, no module index is generated.
#texinfo_domain_indices = True
# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
#texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
# -- Options for Epub output ---------------------------------------------------
# Bibliographic Dublin Core info.
epub_title = u'Pillow (PIL fork)'
epub_author = u'Author'
epub_publisher = u'Author'
epub_copyright = u'2013, Author'
# The language of the text. It defaults to the language option
# or en if the language is not set.
#epub_language = ''
# The scheme of the identifier. Typical schemes are ISBN or URL.
#epub_scheme = ''
# The unique identifier of the text. This can be a ISBN number
# or the project homepage.
#epub_identifier = ''
# A unique identification for the text.
#epub_uid = ''
# A tuple containing the cover image and cover page html template filenames.
#epub_cover = ()
# HTML files that should be inserted before the pages created by sphinx.
# The format is a list of tuples containing the path and title.
#epub_pre_files = []
# HTML files shat should be inserted after the pages created by sphinx.
# The format is a list of tuples containing the path and title.
#epub_post_files = []
# A list of files that should not be packed into the epub file.
#epub_exclude_files = []
# The depth of the table of contents in toc.ncx.
#epub_tocdepth = 3
# Allow duplicate toc entries.
#epub_tocdup = True
# skip_api_docs setting will skip PIL.rst if True. Used for working on the
# guides; makes livereload basically instantaneous.

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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
Guides
======
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
handbook/overview
handbook/tutorial
handbook/concepts
porting-pil-to-pillow

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@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
Guides
======
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
overview
tutorial
concepts

54
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@ -4,24 +4,60 @@ Pillow: a modern fork of PIL
Pillow is the "friendly" PIL fork by Alex Clark and Contributors. PIL is the
Python Imaging Library by Fredrik Lundh and Contributors.
Pillow >= 2.0.0 supports Python versions 2.6, 2.7, 3.2, 3.3.
.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/python-imaging/Pillow.png
:target: https://travis-ci.org/python-imaging/Pillow
Pillow < 2.0.0 supports Python versions 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7.
.. image:: https://pypip.in/v/Pillow/badge.png
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pillow/
:alt: Latest PyPI version
.. image:: https://pypip.in/d/Pillow/badge.png
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pillow/
:alt: Number of PyPI downloads
To start using Pillow, read the :doc:`installation
instructions <installation>`.
For general information including installation instructions, see `README.rst`_.
If you can't find the information you need, try the old `PIL Handbook`_, but be
aware that it was last updated for PIL 1.1.5.
aware that it was last updated for PIL 1.1.5. You can download archives and old
versions from `PyPI <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pillow>`_. You can get the
source and contribute at https://github.com/python-imaging/Pillow.
.. _README.rst: https://github.com/python-imaging/Pillow/blob/master/README.rst
.. _PIL Handbook: http://effbot.org/imagingbook/pil-index.htm
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
handbook/guides.rst
handbook/appendices.rst
PIL
plugins
installation
about
guides
reference/index.rst
handbook/appendices
original-readme
Support Pillow!
===============
PIL needs you! Please help us maintain the Python Imaging Library here:
- `GitHub <https://github.com/python-imaging/Pillow>`_
- `Freenode <irc://irc.freenode.net#pil>`_
- `Image-SIG <http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/image-sig>`_
Financial
---------
Pillow is a volunteer effort led by Alex Clark. If you can't help with
development, please help us financially; your assistance is very much needed
and appreciated!
.. note:: Contributors: please add your name and donation preference here.
======================================= =======================================
**Developer** **Preference**
======================================= =======================================
Alex Clark (fork author) http://gittip.com/aclark4life
======================================= =======================================
Indices and tables
==================

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Installation
============
.. warning:: Pillow >= 2.1.0 no longer supports "import _imaging". Please use "from PIL.Image import core as _imaging" instead.
.. warning:: Pillow >= 1.0 no longer supports "import Image". Please use "from PIL import Image" instead.
.. warning:: PIL and Pillow currently cannot co-exist in the same environment.
If you want to use Pillow, please remove PIL first.
.. note:: Pillow >= 2.0.0 supports Python versions 2.6, 2.7, 3.2, 3.3.
.. note:: Pillow < 2.0.0 supports Python versions 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7.
Simple installation
-------------------
.. note::
The following instructions will install Pillow with support for most formats.
See :ref:`external-libraries` for the features you would gain by installing
the external libraries first. This page probably also include specific
instructions for your platform.
You can install Pillow with :command:`pip`::
$ pip install Pillow
Or :command:`easy_install` (for installing `Python Eggs
<http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/PythonEggs>`_, as :command:`pip` does
not support them)::
$ easy_install Pillow
Or download the `compressed archive from PyPI`_, extract it, and inside it
run::
$ python setup.py install
.. _compressed archive from PyPI: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pillow
.. _external-libraries:
External libraries
------------------
Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
* **libjpeg** provides JPEG functionality.
* Pillow has been tested with libjpeg versions **6b**, **8**, and **9**
* **zlib** provides access to compressed PNGs
* **libtiff** provides group4 tiff functionality
* Pillow has been tested with libtiff versions **3.x** and **4.0**
* **libfreetype** provides type related services
* **littlecms** provides color management
* **libwebp** provides the Webp format.
* Pillow has been tested with version **0.1.3**, which does not read transparent webp files. Version **0.3.0** supports transparency.
* **tcl/tk** provides support for tkinter bitmap and photo images.
If the prerequisites are installed in the standard library locations for your
machine (e.g. :file:`/usr` or :file:`/usr/local`), no additional configuration
should be required. If they are installed in a non-standard location, you may
need to configure setuptools to use those locations (i.e. by editing
:file:`setup.py` and/or :file:`setup.cfg`). Once you have installed the
prerequisites, run::
$ pip install Pillow
Linux installation
------------------
.. note::
Fedora, Debian/Ubuntu, and ArchLinux include Pillow (instead of PIL) with
their distributions. Consider using those instead of installing manually.
.. note::
You *do not* need to install all of the external libraries to get Pillow's
basics to work.
**We do not provide binaries for Linux.** If you didn't build Python from
source, make sure you have Python's development libraries installed. In Debian
or Ubuntu::
$ sudo apt-get install python-dev python-setuptools
Or for Python 3::
$ sudo apt-get install python3-dev python3-setuptools
Prerequisites are installed on **Ubuntu 10.04 LTS** with::
$ sudo apt-get install libtiff4-dev libjpeg62-dev zlib1g-dev \
libfreetype6-dev liblcms1-dev tcl8.5-dev tk8.5-dev
Prerequisites are installed with on **Ubuntu 12.04 LTS** or **Raspian Wheezy
7.0** with::
$ sudo apt-get install libtiff4-dev libjpeg8-dev zlib1g-dev \
libfreetype6-dev liblcms1-dev libwebp-dev tcl8.5-dev tk8.5-dev
Mac OS X installation
---------------------
.. note::
You *do not* need to install all of the external libraries to get Pillow's
basics to work.
**We do not provide binaries for OS X**, so you'll need XCode to install
Pillow. (XCode 4.2 on 10.6 will work with the Official Python binary
distribution. Otherwise, use whatever XCode you used to compile Python.)
The easiest way to install the prerequisites is via `Homebrew
<http://mxcl.github.com/homebrew/>`_. After you install Homebrew, run::
$ brew install libtiff libjpeg webp littlecms
If you've built your own Python, then you should be able to install Pillow
using::
$ pip install Pillow
Windows installation
--------------------
We provide binaries for Windows in the form of Python Eggs and `Python Wheels
<http://wheel.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html>`_:
Python Eggs
^^^^^^^^^^^
.. note::
:command:`pip` does not support Python Eggs; use :command:`easy_install`
instead.
::
$ easy_install Pillow
Python Wheels
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. Note:: Experimental. Requires setuptools >=0.8 and pip >=1.4.1
::
$ pip install --use-wheel Pillow
Platform support
----------------
Current platform support for Pillow. Binary distributions are contributed for
each release on a volunteer basis, but the source should compile and run
everywhere platform support is listed. In general, we aim to support all
current versions of Linux, OS X, and Windows.
.. note::
Contributors please test on your platform, edit this document, and send a
pull request.
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
|**Operating system** |**Supported**|**Tested Python versions** |**Tested Pillow versions** |**Tested processors** |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| CentOS 6.3 |Yes | 2.7,3.3 | |x86 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion |Yes | 2.6,2.7,3.2,3.3 | |x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Mac OS X 10.7 Lion |Yes | 2.6,2.7,3.2,3.3 | 2.2.0 |x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Redhat Linux 6 |Yes | 2.6 | |x86 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Ubuntu Linux 10.04 LTS |Yes | 2.6 | 2.2.0 |x86,x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Ubuntu Linux 12.04 LTS |Yes | 2.6,2.7,3.2,3.3,PyPy2.1 | 2.2.0 |x86,x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Raspian Wheezy |Yes | 2.7,3.2 | 2.2.0 |arm |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Gentoo Linux |Yes | 2.7,3.2 | 2.1.0 |x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Windows 7 Pro |Yes | 2.7,3.2,3.3 | 2.2.1 |x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise|Yes | 3.3 | |x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Windows 8 Pro |Yes | 2.6,2.7,3.2,3.3,3.4a3 | 2.2.0 |x86,x86-64 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+

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Original PIL README
===================
What follows is the original PIL 1.1.7 README file contents.
::
The Python Imaging Library
$Id$
Release 1.1.7 (November 15, 2009)
====================================================================
The Python Imaging Library 1.1.7
====================================================================
Contents
--------
+ Introduction
+ Support Options
- Commercial support
- Free support
+ Software License
+ Build instructions (all platforms)
- Additional notes for Mac OS X
- Additional notes for Windows
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction
--------------------------------------------------------------------
The Python Imaging Library (PIL) adds image processing capabilities
to your Python environment. This library provides extensive file
format support, an efficient internal representation, and powerful
image processing capabilities.
This source kit has been built and tested with Python 2.0 and newer,
on Windows, Mac OS X, and major Unix platforms. Large parts of the
library also work on 1.5.2 and 1.6.
The main distribution site for this software is:
http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
That site also contains information about free and commercial support
options, PIL add-ons, answers to frequently asked questions, and more.
Development versions (alphas, betas) are available here:
http://effbot.org/downloads/
The PIL handbook is not included in this distribution; to get the
latest version, check:
http://www.pythonware.com/library/
http://effbot.org/books/imagingbook/ (drafts)
For installation and licensing details, see below.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Support Options
--------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Commercial Support
Secret Labs (PythonWare) offers support contracts for companies using
the Python Imaging Library in commercial applications, and in mission-
critical environments. The support contract includes technical support,
bug fixes, extensions to the PIL library, sample applications, and more.
For the full story, check:
http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/support.htm
+ Free Support
For support and general questions on the Python Imaging Library, send
e-mail to the Image SIG mailing list:
image-sig@python.org
You can join the Image SIG by sending a mail to:
image-sig-request@python.org
Put "subscribe" in the message body to automatically subscribe to the
list, or "help" to get additional information. Alternatively, you can
send your questions to the Python mailing list, python-list@python.org,
or post them to the newsgroup comp.lang.python. DO NOT SEND SUPPORT
QUESTIONS TO PYTHONWARE ADDRESSES.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Software License
--------------------------------------------------------------------
The Python Imaging Library is
Copyright (c) 1997-2009 by Secret Labs AB
Copyright (c) 1995-2009 by Fredrik Lundh
By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its
associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,
and will comply with the following terms and conditions:
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all
copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice
appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Secret Labs
AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
distribution of the software without specific, written prior
permission.
SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Build instructions (all platforms)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
For a list of changes in this release, see the CHANGES document.
0. If you're in a hurry, try this:
$ tar xvfz Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz
$ cd Imaging-1.1.7
$ python setup.py install
If you prefer to know what you're doing, read on.
1. Prerequisites.
If you need any of the features described below, make sure you
have the necessary libraries before building PIL.
feature library
-----------------------------------------------------------------
JPEG support libjpeg (6a or 6b)
http://www.ijg.org
http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/
PNG support zlib (1.2.3 or later is recommended)
http://www.gzip.org/zlib/
OpenType/TrueType freetype2 (2.3.9 or later is recommended)
support
http://www.freetype.org
http://freetype.sourceforge.net
CMS support littleCMS (1.1.5 or later is recommended)
support
http://www.littlecms.com/
If you have a recent Linux version, the libraries provided with the
operating system usually work just fine. If some library is
missing, installing a prebuilt version (jpeg-devel, zlib-devel,
etc) is usually easier than building from source. For example, for
Ubuntu 9.10 (karmic), you can install the following libraries:
sudo apt-get install libjpeg62-dev
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev
sudo apt-get install liblcms1-dev
If you're using Mac OS X, you can use the 'fink' tool to install
missing libraries (also see the Mac OS X section below).
Similar tools are available for many other platforms.
2. To build under Python 1.5.2, you need to install the stand-alone
version of the distutils library:
http://www.python.org/sigs/distutils-sig/download.html
You can fetch distutils 1.0.2 from the Python source repository:
svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/python/tags/Distutils-1_0_2/Lib/distutils/
For newer releases, the distutils library is included in the
Python standard library.
NOTE: Version 1.1.7 is not fully compatible with 1.5.2. Some
more recent additions to the library may not work, but the core
functionality is available.
3. If you didn't build Python from sources, make sure you have
Python's build support files on your machine. If you've down-
loaded a prebuilt package (e.g. a Linux RPM), you probably
need additional developer packages. Look for packages named
"python-dev", "python-devel", or similar. For example, for
Ubuntu 9.10 (karmic), use the following command:
sudo apt-get install python-dev
4. When you have everything you need, unpack the PIL distribution
(the file Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz) in a suitable work directory:
$ cd MyExtensions # example
$ gunzip Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz
$ tar xvf Imaging-1.1.7.tar
5. Build the library. We recommend that you do an in-place build,
and run the self test before installing.
$ cd Imaging-1.1.7
$ python setup.py build_ext -i
$ python selftest.py
During the build process, the setup.py will display a summary
report that lists what external components it found. The self-
test will display a similar report, with what external components
the tests found in the actual build files:
----------------------------------------------------------------
PIL 1.1.7 SETUP SUMMARY
----------------------------------------------------------------
*** TKINTER support not available (Tcl/Tk 8.5 libraries needed)
--- JPEG support available
--- ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support available
--- FREETYPE support available
----------------------------------------------------------------
Make sure that the optional components you need are included.
If the build script won't find a given component, you can edit the
setup.py file and set the appropriate ROOT variable. For details,
see instructions in the file.
If the build script finds the component, but the tests cannot
identify it, try rebuilding *all* modules:
$ python setup.py clean
$ python setup.py build_ext -i
6. If the setup.py and selftest.py commands finish without any
errors, you're ready to install the library:
$ python setup.py install
(depending on how Python has been installed on your machine,
you might have to log in as a superuser to run the 'install'
command, or use the 'sudo' command to run 'install'.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Additional notes for Mac OS X
--------------------------------------------------------------------
On Mac OS X you will usually install additional software such as
libjpeg or freetype with the "fink" tool, and then it ends up in
"/sw". If you have installed the libraries elsewhere, you may have
to tweak the "setup.py" file before building.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Additional notes for Windows
--------------------------------------------------------------------
On Windows, you need to tweak the ROOT settings in the "setup.py"
file, to make it find the external libraries. See comments in the
file for details.
Make sure to build PIL and the external libraries with the same
runtime linking options as was used for the Python interpreter
(usually /MD, under Visual Studio).
Note that most Python distributions for Windows include libraries
compiled for Microsoft Visual Studio. You can get the free Express
edition of Visual Studio from:
http://www.microsoft.com/Express/
To build extensions using other tool chains, see the "Using
non-Microsoft compilers on Windows" section in the distutils handbook:
http://www.python.org/doc/current/inst/non-ms-compilers.html
For additional information on how to build extensions using the
popular MinGW compiler, see:
http://mingw.org (compiler)
http://sebsauvage.net/python/mingw.html (build instructions)
http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32 (prebuilt libraries)

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Porting existing PIL-based code to Pillow
=========================================
Pillow is a functional drop-in replacement for the Python Imaging Library. To
run your existing PIL-compatible code with Pillow, it needs to be modified to
import the ``Imaging`` module from the ``PIL`` namespace *instead* of the
global namespace. Change this::
import Image
to this::
from PIL import Image
The :py:mod:`_imaging` module has been moved. You can now import it like this::
from PIL.Image import core as _imaging

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.. py:module:: PIL.Image
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.Image
:py:mod:`Image` Module
======================
The :py:mod:`~PIL.Image` module provides a class with the same name which is
used to represent a PIL image. The module also provides a number of factory
functions, including functions to load images from files, and to create new
images.
Examples
--------
The following script loads an image, rotates it 45 degrees, and displays it
using an external viewer (usually xv on Unix, and the paint program on
Windows).
Open, rotate, and display an image (using the default viewer)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. code-block:: python
from PIL import Image
im = Image.open("bride.jpg")
im.rotate(45).show()
The following script creates nice 128x128 thumbnails of all JPEG images in the
current directory.
Create thumbnails
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. code-block:: python
from PIL import Image
import glob, os
size = 128, 128
for infile in glob.glob("*.jpg"):
file, ext = os.path.splitext(infile)
im = Image.open(infile)
im.thumbnail(size, Image.ANTIALIAS)
im.save(file + ".thumbnail", "JPEG")
Functions
---------
.. autofunction:: open
Image processing
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. autofunction:: alpha_composite
.. autofunction:: blend
.. autofunction:: composite
.. autofunction:: eval
.. autofunction:: merge
Constructing images
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. autofunction:: new
.. autofunction:: fromarray
.. autofunction:: frombytes
.. autofunction:: fromstring
.. autofunction:: frombuffer
Registering plugins
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. note::
These functions are for use by plugin authors. Application authors can
ignore them.
.. autofunction:: register_open
.. autofunction:: register_mime
.. autofunction:: register_save
.. autofunction:: register_extension
The Image Class
---------------
.. autoclass:: PIL.Image.Image
An instance of the :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` class has the following
methods. Unless otherwise stated, all methods return a new instance of the
:py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` class, holding the resulting image.
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.convert
The following example converts an RGB image (linearly calibrated according to
ITU-R 709, using the D65 luminant) to the CIE XYZ color space:
.. code-block:: python
rgb2xyz = (
0.412453, 0.357580, 0.180423, 0,
0.212671, 0.715160, 0.072169, 0,
0.019334, 0.119193, 0.950227, 0 )
out = im.convert("RGB", rgb2xyz)
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.copy
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.crop
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.draft
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.filter
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.getbands
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.getbbox
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.getcolors
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.getdata
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.getextrema
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.getpixel
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.histogram
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.offset
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.paste
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.point
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.putalpha
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.putdata
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.putpalette
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.putpixel
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.quantize
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.resize
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.rotate
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.save
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.seek
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.show
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.split
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.tell
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.thumbnail
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.tobitmap
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.tostring
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.transform
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.transpose
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.verify
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.fromstring
.. deprecated:: 2.0
.. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.load
Attributes
----------
Instances of the :py:class:`Image` class have the following attributes:
.. py:attribute:: format
The file format of the source file. For images created by the library
itself (via a factory function, or by running a method on an existing
image), this attribute is set to ``None``.
:type: :py:class:`string` or ``None``
.. py:attribute:: mode
Image mode. This is a string specifying the pixel format used by the image.
Typical values are “1”, “L”, “RGB”, or “CMYK.” See
:doc:`../handbook/concepts` for a full list.
:type: :py:class:`string`
.. py:attribute:: size
Image size, in pixels. The size is given as a 2-tuple (width, height).
:type: ``(width, height)``
.. py:attribute:: palette
Colour palette table, if any. If mode is “P”, this should be an instance of
the :py:class:`~PIL.ImagePalette.ImagePalette` class. Otherwise, it should
be set to ``None``.
:type: :py:class:`~PIL.ImagePalette.ImagePalette` or ``None``
.. py:attribute:: info
A dictionary holding data associated with the image. This dictionary is
used by file handlers to pass on various non-image information read from
the file. See documentation for the various file handlers for details.
Most methods ignore the dictionary when returning new images; since the
keys are not standardized, it’s not possible for a method to know if the
operation affects the dictionary. If you need the information later on,
keep a reference to the info dictionary returned from the open method.
:type: :py:class:`dict`

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.. py:module:: PIL.ImageChops
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageChops
:py:mod:`ImageChops` ("Channel Operations") Module
==================================================
The :py:mod:`ImageChops` module contains a number of arithmetical image
operations, called channel operations (“chops”). These can be used for various
purposes, including special effects, image compositions, algorithmic painting,
and more.
For more pre-made operations, see :py:mod:`ImageOps`.
At this time, most channel operations are only implemented for 8-bit images
(e.g. “L” and “RGB”).
Functions
---------
Most channel operations take one or two image arguments and returns a new
image. Unless otherwise noted, the result of a channel operation is always
clipped to the range 0 to MAX (which is 255 for all modes supported by the
operations in this module).
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.add
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.add_modulo
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.blend
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.composite
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.constant
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.darker
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.difference
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.duplicate
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.invert
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.lighter
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.logical_and
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.logical_or
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.multiply
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.offset
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.screen
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.subtract
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageChops.subtract_modulo

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.. py:module:: PIL.ImageColor
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageColor
:py:mod:`ImageColor` Module
===========================
The :py:mod:`ImageColor` module contains color tables and converters from
CSS3-style color specifiers to RGB tuples. This module is used by
:py:meth:`PIL.Image.Image.new` and the :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageDraw` module, among
others.
.. _color-names:
Color Names
-----------
The ImageColor module supports the following string formats:
* Hexadecimal color specifiers, given as ``#rgb`` or ``#rrggbb``. For example,
``#ff0000`` specifies pure red.
* RGB functions, given as ``rgb(red, green, blue)`` where the color values are
integers in the range 0 to 255. Alternatively, the color values can be given
as three percentages (0% to 100%). For example, ``rgb(255,0,0)`` and
``rgb(100%,0%,0%)`` both specify pure red.
* Hue-Saturation-Lightness (HSL) functions, given as ``hsl(hue, saturation%,
lightness%)`` where hue is the color given as an angle between 0 and 360
(red=0, green=120, blue=240), saturation is a value between 0% and 100%
(gray=0%, full color=100%), and lightness is a value between 0% and 100%
(black=0%, normal=50%, white=100%). For example, ``hsl(0,100%,50%)`` is pure
red.
* Common HTML color names. The :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageColor` module provides some
140 standard color names, based on the colors supported by the X Window
system and most web browsers. color names are case insensitive. For example,
``red`` and ``Red`` both specify pure red.
Functions
---------
.. autofunction:: getrgb
.. autofunction:: getcolor

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.. py:module:: PIL.ImageDraw
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageDraw
:py:mod:`ImageDraw` Module
==========================
The :py:mod:`ImageDraw` module provide simple 2D graphics for
:py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` objects. You can use this module to create new
images, annotate or retouch existing images, and to generate graphics on the
fly for web use.
For a more advanced drawing library for PIL, see the `aggdraw module`_.
.. _aggdraw module: http://effbot.org/zone/aggdraw-index.htm
Example: Draw a gray cross over an image
----------------------------------------
.. code-block:: python
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
im = Image.open("lena.pgm")
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
draw.line((0, 0) + im.size, fill=128)
draw.line((0, im.size[1], im.size[0], 0), fill=128)
del draw
# write to stdout
im.save(sys.stdout, "PNG")
Concepts
--------
Coordinates
^^^^^^^^^^^
The graphics interface uses the same coordinate system as PIL itself, with (0,
0) in the upper left corner.
Colors
^^^^^^
To specify colors, you can use numbers or tuples just as you would use with
:py:meth:`PIL.Image.Image.new` or :py:meth:`PIL.Image.Image.putpixel`. For “1”,
“L”, and “I” images, use integers. For “RGB” images, use a 3-tuple containing
integer values. For “F” images, use integer or floating point values.
For palette images (mode “P”), use integers as color indexes. In 1.1.4 and
later, you can also use RGB 3-tuples or color names (see below). The drawing
layer will automatically assign color indexes, as long as you don’t draw with
more than 256 colors.
Color Names
^^^^^^^^^^^
See :ref:`color-names` for the color names supported by Pillow.
Fonts
^^^^^
PIL can use bitmap fonts or OpenType/TrueType fonts.
Bitmap fonts are stored in PIL’s own format, where each font typically consists
of a two files, one named .pil and the other usually named .pbm. The former
contains font metrics, the latter raster data.
To load a bitmap font, use the load functions in the :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageFont`
module.
To load a OpenType/TrueType font, use the truetype function in the
:py:mod:`~PIL.ImageFont` module. Note that this function depends on third-party
libraries, and may not available in all PIL builds.
Functions
---------
.. py:class:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw(im, mode=None)
Creates an object that can be used to draw in the given image.
Note that the image will be modified in place.
Methods
-------
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.arc(xy, start, end, fill=None)
Draws an arc (a portion of a circle outline) between the start and end
angles, inside the given bounding box.
:param xy: Four points to define the bounding box. Sequence of either
``[(x0, y0), (x1, y1)]`` or ``[x0, y0, x1, y1]``.
:param outline: Color to use for the outline.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.bitmap(xy, bitmap, fill=None)
Draws a bitmap (mask) at the given position, using the current fill color
for the non-zero portions. The bitmap should be a valid transparency mask
(mode “1”) or matte (mode “L” or “RGBA”).
This is equivalent to doing ``image.paste(xy, color, bitmap)``.
To paste pixel data into an image, use the
:py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.paste` method on the image itself.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.chord(xy, start, end, fill=None, outline=None)
Same as :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.arc`, but connects the end points
with a straight line.
:param xy: Four points to define the bounding box. Sequence of either
``[(x0, y0), (x1, y1)]`` or ``[x0, y0, x1, y1]``.
:param outline: Color to use for the outline.
:param fill: Color to use for the fill.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.ellipse(xy, fill=None, outline=None)
Draws an ellipse inside the given bounding box.
:param xy: Four points to define the bounding box. Sequence of either
``[(x0, y0), (x1, y1)]`` or ``[x0, y0, x1, y1]``.
:param outline: Color to use for the outline.
:param fill: Color to use for the fill.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.line(xy, fill=None, width=0)
Draws a line between the coordinates in the **xy** list.
:param xy: Sequence of either 2-tuples like ``[(x, y), (x, y), ...]`` or
numeric values like ``[x, y, x, y, ...]``.
:param fill: Color to use for the line.
:param width: The line width, in pixels. Note that line
joins are not handled well, so wide polylines will not look good.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.5
.. note:: This option was broken until version 1.1.6.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.pieslice(xy, start, end, fill=None, outline=None)
Same as arc, but also draws straight lines between the end points and the
center of the bounding box.
:param xy: Four points to define the bounding box. Sequence of either
``[(x0, y0), (x1, y1)]`` or ``[x0, y0, x1, y1]``.
:param outline: Color to use for the outline.
:param fill: Color to use for the fill.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.point(xy, fill=None)
Draws points (individual pixels) at the given coordinates.
:param xy: Sequence of either 2-tuples like ``[(x, y), (x, y), ...]`` or
numeric values like ``[x, y, x, y, ...]``.
:param fill: Color to use for the point.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.polygon(xy, fill=None, outline=None)
Draws a polygon.
The polygon outline consists of straight lines between the given
coordinates, plus a straight line between the last and the first
coordinate.
:param xy: Sequence of either 2-tuples like ``[(x, y), (x, y), ...]`` or
numeric values like ``[x, y, x, y, ...]``.
:param outline: Color to use for the outline.
:param fill: Color to use for the fill.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.rectangle(xy, fill=None, outline=None)
Draws a rectangle.
:param xy: Four points to define the bounding box. Sequence of either
``[(x0, y0), (x1, y1)]`` or ``[x0, y0, x1, y1]``. The second point
is just outside the drawn rectangle.
:param outline: Color to use for the outline.
:param fill: Color to use for the fill.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.shape(shape, fill=None, outline=None)
.. warning:: This method is experimental.
Draw a shape.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.text(xy, text, fill=None, font=None, anchor=None)
Draws the string at the given position.
:param xy: Top left corner of the text.
:param text: Text to be drawn.
:param font: An :py:class:`~PIL.ImageFont.ImageFont` instance.
:param fill: Color to use for the text.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.textsize(text, font=None)
Return the size of the given string, in pixels.
:param text: Text to be measured.
:param font: An :py:class:`~PIL.ImageFont.ImageFont` instance.
Legacy API
----------
The :py:class:`~PIL.ImageDraw.Draw` class contains a constructor and a number
of methods which are provided for backwards compatibility only. For this to
work properly, you should either use options on the drawing primitives, or
these methods. Do not mix the old and new calling conventions.
.. py:function:: PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw(image)
:rtype: :py:class:`~PIL.ImageDraw.Draw`
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.setink(ink)
.. deprecated:: 1.1.5
Sets the color to use for subsequent draw and fill operations.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.setfill(fill)
.. deprecated:: 1.1.5
Sets the fill mode.
If the mode is 0, subsequently drawn shapes (like polygons and rectangles)
are outlined. If the mode is 1, they are filled.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.setfont(font)
.. deprecated:: 1.1.5
Sets the default font to use for the text method.
:param font: An :py:class:`~PIL.ImageFont.ImageFont` instance.

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.. py:module:: PIL.ImageEnhance
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageEnhance
:py:mod:`ImageEnhance` Module
=============================
The :py:mod:`ImageEnhance` module contains a number of classes that can be used
for image enhancement.
Example: Vary the sharpness of an image
---------------------------------------
.. code-block:: python
from PIL import ImageEnhance
enhancer = ImageEnhance.Sharpness(image)
for i in range(8):
factor = i / 4.0
enhancer.enhance(factor).show("Sharpness %f" % factor)
Also see the :file:`enhancer.py` demo program in the :file:`Scripts/`
directory.
Classes
-------
All enhancement classes implement a common interface, containing a single
method:
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageEnhance._Enhance
:members:
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageEnhance.Color
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageEnhance.Contrast
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageEnhance.Brightness
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageEnhance.Sharpness

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.. py:module:: PIL.ImageFile
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageFile
:py:mod:`ImageFile` Module
==========================
The :py:mod:`ImageFile` module provides support functions for the image open
and save functions.
In addition, it provides a :py:class:`Parser` class which can be used to decode
an image piece by piece (e.g. while receiving it over a network connection).
This class implements the same consumer interface as the standard **sgmllib**
and **xmllib** modules.
Example: Parse an image
-----------------------
.. code-block:: python
from PIL import ImageFile
fp = open("lena.pgm", "rb")
p = ImageFile.Parser()
while 1:
s = fp.read(1024)
if not s:
break
p.feed(s)
im = p.close()
im.save("copy.jpg")
:py:class:`~PIL.ImageFile.Parser`
---------------------------------
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageFile.Parser()
:members:

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.. py:module:: PIL.ImageFilter
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageFilter
:py:mod:`ImageFilter` Module
============================
The :py:mod:`ImageFilter` module contains definitions for a pre-defined set of
filters, which can be be used with the :py:meth:`Image.filter()
<PIL.Image.Image.filter>` method.
Example: Filter an image
------------------------
.. code-block:: python
from PIL import ImageFilter
im1 = im.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR)
im2 = im.filter(ImageFilter.MinFilter(3))
im3 = im.filter(ImageFilter.MinFilter) # same as MinFilter(3)
Filters
-------
The current version of the library provides the following set of predefined
image enhancement filters:
* **BLUR**
* **CONTOUR**
* **DETAIL**
* **EDGE_ENHANCE**
* **EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE**
* **EMBOSS**
* **FIND_EDGES**
* **SMOOTH**
* **SMOOTH_MORE**
* **SHARPEN**
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageFilter.GaussianBlur
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageFilter.UnsharpMask
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageFilter.Kernel
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageFilter.RankFilter
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageFilter.MedianFilter
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageFilter.MinFilter
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageFilter.MaxFilter
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageFilter.ModeFilter

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.. py:module:: PIL.ImageFont
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageFont
:py:mod:`ImageFont` Module
==========================
The :py:mod:`ImageFont` module defines a class with the same name. Instances of
this class store bitmap fonts, and are used with the
:py:meth:`PIL.ImageDraw.Draw.text` method.
PIL uses its own font file format to store bitmap fonts. You can use the
:command`pilfont` utility to convert BDF and PCF font descriptors (X window
font formats) to this format.
Starting with version 1.1.4, PIL can be configured to support TrueType and
OpenType fonts (as well as other font formats supported by the FreeType
library). For earlier versions, TrueType support is only available as part of
the imToolkit package
Example
-------
.. code-block:: python
from PIL import ImageFont, ImageDraw
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
# use a bitmap font
font = ImageFont.load("arial.pil")
draw.text((10, 10), "hello", font=font)
# use a truetype font
font = ImageFont.truetype("arial.ttf", 15)
draw.text((10, 25), "world", font=font)
Functions
---------
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageFont.load
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageFont.load_path
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageFont.truetype
.. autofunction:: PIL.ImageFont.load_default
Methods
-------
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageFont.ImageFont.getsize(text)
:return: (width, height)
.. py:method:: PIL.ImageFont.ImageFont.getmask(text, mode='')
Create a bitmap for the text.
If the font uses antialiasing, the bitmap should have mode “L” and use a
maximum value of 255. Otherwise, it should have mode “1”.
:param text: Text to render.
:param mode: Used by some graphics drivers to indicate what mode the
driver prefers; if empty, the renderer may return either
mode. Note that the mode is always a string, to simplify
C-level implementations.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.5
:return: An internal PIL storage memory instance as defined by the
:py:mod:`PIL.Image.core` interface module.

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.. py:module:: PIL.ImageGrab
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageGrab
:py:mod:`ImageGrab` Module (Windows-only)
=========================================
The :py:mod:`ImageGrab` module can be used to copy the contents of the screen
or the clipboard to a PIL image memory.
.. note:: The current version works on Windows only.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.3
.. py:function:: PIL.ImageGrab.grab(bbox=None)
Take a snapshot of the screen. The pixels inside the bounding box are
returned as an "RGB" image. If the bounding box is omitted, the entire
screen is copied.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.3
:param bbox: What region to copy. Default is the entire screen.
:return: An image
.. py:function:: PIL.ImageGrab.grabclipboard()
Take a snapshot of the clipboard image, if any.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.4
:return: An image, a list of filenames, or None if the clipboard does
not contain image data or filenames. Note that if a list is
returned, the filenames may not represent image files.

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.. py:module:: PIL.ImageMath
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageMath
:py:mod:`ImageMath` Module
==========================
The :py:mod:`ImageMath` module can be used to evaluate “image expressions”. The
module provides a single eval function, which takes an expression string and
one or more images.
Example: Using the :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageMath` module
--------------------------------------------------
.. code-block:: python
import Image, ImageMath
im1 = Image.open("image1.jpg")
im2 = Image.open("image2.jpg")
out = ImageMath.eval("convert(min(a, b), 'L')", a=im1, b=im2)
out.save("result.png")
.. py:function:: eval(expression, environment)
Evaluate expression in the given environment.
In the current version, :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageMath` only supports
single-layer images. To process multi-band images, use the
:py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.split` method or :py:func:`~PIL.Image.merge`
function.
:param expression: A string which uses the standard Python expression
syntax. In addition to the standard operators, you can
also use the functions described below.
:param environment: A dictionary that maps image names to Image instances.
You can use one or more keyword arguments instead of a
dictionary, as shown in the above example. Note that
the names must be valid Python identifiers.
:return: An image, an integer value, a floating point value,
or a pixel tuple, depending on the expression.
Expression syntax
-----------------
Expressions are standard Python expressions, but they’re evaluated in a
non-standard environment. You can use PIL methods as usual, plus the following
set of operators and functions:
Standard Operators
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
You can use standard arithmetical operators for addition (+), subtraction (-),
multiplication (*), and division (/).
The module also supports unary minus (-), modulo (%), and power (**) operators.
Note that all operations are done with 32-bit integers or 32-bit floating
point values, as necessary. For example, if you add two 8-bit images, the
result will be a 32-bit integer image. If you add a floating point constant to
an 8-bit image, the result will be a 32-bit floating point image.
You can force conversion using the :py:func:`~PIL.ImageMath.convert`,
:py:func:`~PIL.ImageMath.float`, and :py:func:`~PIL.ImageMath.int` functions
described below.
Bitwise Operators
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The module also provides operations that operate on individual bits. This
includes and (&), or (|), and exclusive or (^). You can also invert (~) all
pixel bits.
Note that the operands are converted to 32-bit signed integers before the
bitwise operation is applied. This means that you’ll get negative values if
you invert an ordinary greyscale image. You can use the and (&) operator to
mask off unwanted bits.
Bitwise operators don’t work on floating point images.
Logical Operators
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Logical operators like :keyword:`and`, :keyword:`or`, and :keyword:`not` work
on entire images, rather than individual pixels.
An empty image (all pixels zero) is treated as false. All other images are
treated as true.
Note that :keyword:`and` and :keyword:`or` return the last evaluated operand,
while not always returns a boolean value.
Built-in Functions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
These functions are applied to each individual pixel.
.. py:currentmodule:: None
.. py:function:: abs(image)
Absolute value.
.. py:function:: convert(image, mode)
Convert image to the given mode. The mode must be given as a string
constant.
.. py:function:: float(image)
Convert image to 32-bit floating point. This is equivalent to
convert(image, “F”).
.. py:function:: int(image)
Convert image to 32-bit integer. This is equivalent to convert(image, “I”).
Note that 1-bit and 8-bit images are automatically converted to 32-bit
integers if necessary to get a correct result.
.. py:function:: max(image1, image2)
Maximum value.
.. py:function:: min(image1, image2)
Minimum value.

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.. py:module:: PIL.ImageOps
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageOps
:py:mod:`ImageOps` Module
==========================
The :py:mod:`ImageOps` module contains a number of ‘ready-made’ image
processing operations. This module is somewhat experimental, and most operators
only work on L and RGB images.
Only bug fixes have been added since the Pillow fork.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.3
.. autofunction:: autocontrast
.. autofunction:: colorize
.. autofunction:: crop
.. autofunction:: deform
.. autofunction:: equalize
.. autofunction:: expand
.. autofunction:: fit
.. autofunction:: flip
.. autofunction:: grayscale
.. autofunction:: invert
.. autofunction:: mirror
.. autofunction:: posterize
.. autofunction:: solarize

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.. py:module:: PIL.ImagePalette
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImagePalette
:py:mod:`ImagePalette` Module
=============================
The :py:mod:`ImagePalette` module contains a class of the same name to
represent the color palette of palette mapped images.
.. note::
This module was never well-documented. It hasn't changed since 2001,
though, so it's probably safe for you to read the source code and puzzle
out the internals if you need to.
The :py:class:`~PIL.ImagePalette.ImagePalette` class has several methods,
but they are all marked as "experimental." Read that as you will. The
``[source]`` link is there for a reason.
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImagePalette.ImagePalette
:members:

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.. py:module:: PIL.ImagePath
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImagePath
:py:mod:`ImagePath` Module
==========================
The :py:mod:`ImagePath` module is used to store and manipulate 2-dimensional
vector data. Path objects can be passed to the methods on the
:py:mod:`~PIL.ImageDraw` module.
.. py:class:: PIL.ImagePath.Path
A path object. The coordinate list can be any sequence object containing
either 2-tuples [(x, y), …] or numeric values [x, y, …].
You can also create a path object from another path object.
In 1.1.6 and later, you can also pass in any object that implements
Python’s buffer API. The buffer should provide read access, and contain C
floats in machine byte order.
The path object implements most parts of the Python sequence interface, and
behaves like a list of (x, y) pairs. You can use len(), item access, and
slicing as usual. However, the current version does not support slice
assignment, or item and slice deletion.
:param xy: A sequence. The sequence can contain 2-tuples [(x, y), ...]
or a flat list of numbers [x, y, ...].
.. py:method:: PIL.ImagePath.Path.compact(distance=2)
Compacts the path, by removing points that are close to each other. This
method modifies the path in place, and returns the number of points left in
the path.
**distance** is measured as `Manhattan distance`_ and defaults to two
pixels.
.. _Manhattan distance: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_distance
.. py:method:: PIL.ImagePath.Path.getbbox()
Gets the bounding box of the path.
:return: ``(x0, y0, x1, y1)``
.. py:method:: PIL.ImagePath.Path.map(function)
Maps the path through a function.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImagePath.Path.tolist(flat=0)
Converts the path to a Python list [(x, y), …].
:param flat: By default, this function returns a list of 2-tuples
[(x, y), ...]. If this argument is :keyword:`True`, it
returns a flat list [x, y, ...] instead.
:return: A list of coordinates. See **flat**.
.. py:method:: PIL.ImagePath.Path.transform(matrix)
Transforms the path in place, using an affine transform. The matrix is a
6-tuple (a, b, c, d, e, f), and each point is mapped as follows:
.. code-block:: python
xOut = xIn * a + yIn * b + c
yOut = xIn * d + yIn * e + f

20
docs/reference/ImageQt.rst Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
.. py:module:: PIL.ImageQt
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageQt
:py:mod:`ImageQt` Module
========================
The :py:mod:`ImageQt` module contains support for creating PyQt4 QImage objects
from PIL images.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.6
.. py:class:: ImageQt.ImageQt(image)
Creates an :py:class:`~PIL.ImageQt.ImageQt` object from a PIL
:py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object. This class is a subclass of
QtGui.QImage, which means that you can pass the resulting objects directly
to PyQt4 API functions and methods.
This operation is currently supported for mode 1, L, P, RGB, and RGBA
images. To handle other modes, you need to convert the image first.

27
docs/reference/ImageSequence.rst Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
.. py:module:: PIL.ImageSequence
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageSequence
:py:mod:`ImageSequence` Module
==============================
The :py:mod:`ImageSequence` module contains a wrapper class that lets you
iterate over the frames of an image sequence.
Extracting frames from an animation
-----------------------------------
.. code-block:: python
from PIL import Image, ImageSequence
im = Image.open("animation.fli")
index = 1
for frame in ImageSequence.Iterator(im):
frame.save("frame%d.png" % index)
index = index + 1
The :py:class:`~PIL.ImageSequence.Iterator` class
-------------------------------------------------
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageSequence.Iterator

53
docs/reference/ImageStat.rst Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
.. py:module:: PIL.ImageStat
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageStat
:py:mod:`ImageStat` Module
==========================
The :py:mod:`ImageStat` module calculates global statistics for an image, or
for a region of an image.
.. py:class:: PIL.ImageStat.Stat(image_or_list, mask=None)
Calculate statistics for the given image. If a mask is included,
only the regions covered by that mask are included in the
statistics. You can also pass in a previously calculated histogram.
:param image: A PIL image, or a precalculated histogram.
:param mask: An optional mask.
.. py:attribute:: extrema
Min/max values for each band in the image.
.. py:attribute:: count
Total number of pixels.
.. py:attribute:: sum
Sum of all pixels.
.. py:attribute:: sum2
Squared sum of all pixels.
.. py:attribute:: pixel
Average pixel level.
.. py:attribute:: median
Median pixel level.
.. py:attribute:: rms
RMS (root-mean-square).
.. py:attribute:: var
Variance.
.. py:attribute:: stddev
Standard deviation.

16
docs/reference/ImageTk.rst Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
.. py:module:: PIL.ImageTk
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageTk
:py:mod:`ImageTk` Module
========================
The :py:mod:`ImageTk` module contains support to create and modify Tkinter
BitmapImage and PhotoImage objects from PIL images.
For examples, see the demo programs in the Scripts directory.
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageTk.BitmapImage
:members:
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageTk.PhotoImage
:members:

29
docs/reference/ImageWin.rst Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
.. py:module:: PIL.ImageWin
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.ImageWin
:py:mod:`ImageWin` Module (Windows-only)
========================================
The :py:mod:`ImageWin` module contains support to create and display images on
Windows.
ImageWin can be used with PythonWin and other user interface toolkits that
provide access to Windows device contexts or window handles. For example,
Tkinter makes the window handle available via the winfo_id method:
.. code-block:: python
from PIL import ImageWin
dib = ImageWin.Dib(...)
hwnd = ImageWin.HWND(widget.winfo_id())
dib.draw(hwnd, xy)
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageWin.Dib
:members:
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageWin.HDC
.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageWin.HWND

11
docs/reference/PSDraw.rst Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
.. py:module:: PIL.PSDraw
.. py:currentmodule:: PIL.PSDraw
:py:mod:`PSDraw` Module
=======================
The :py:mod:`PSDraw` module provides simple print support for Postscript
printers. You can print text, graphics and images through this module.
.. autoclass:: PIL.PSDraw.PSDraw
:members:

26
docs/reference/index.rst Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
Reference
=========
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
Image
ImageChops
ImageColor
ImageDraw
ImageEnhance
ImageFile
ImageFilter
ImageFont
ImageGrab
ImageMath
ImageOps
ImagePalette
ImagePath
ImageQt
ImageSequence
ImageStat
ImageTk
ImageWin
PSDraw
../PIL

2
docs/requirements.txt
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# requirements for working on docs
# install pillow from master if you're into that, but RtD needs this
pillow>=2.2.0
pillow>=2.2.1
Jinja2==2.7.1
MarkupSafe==0.18

7
encode.c
View File

@ -773,11 +773,10 @@ PyImaging_LibTiffEncoderNew(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
(ttag_t) PyInt_AsLong(key),
PyInt_AsLong(value));
} else if(PyBytes_Check(value)) {
TRACE(("Setting from String: %d, %s \n", (int)PyInt_AsLong(key),PyBytes_AsString(value)));
TRACE(("Setting from Bytes: %d, %s \n", (int)PyInt_AsLong(key),PyBytes_AsString(value)));
status = ImagingLibTiffSetField(&encoder->state,
(ttag_t) PyInt_AsLong(key),
PyBytes_AsString(value));
} else if(PyList_Check(value)) {
int len,i;
float *floatav;
@ -795,12 +794,12 @@ PyImaging_LibTiffEncoderNew(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
free(floatav);
}
} else if (PyFloat_Check(value)) {
TRACE(("Setting from String: %d, %f \n", (int)PyInt_AsLong(key),PyFloat_AsDouble(value)));
TRACE(("Setting from Float: %d, %f \n", (int)PyInt_AsLong(key),PyFloat_AsDouble(value)));
status = ImagingLibTiffSetField(&encoder->state,
(ttag_t) PyInt_AsLong(key),
(float)PyFloat_AsDouble(value));
} else {
TRACE(("Unhandled type for key %d : %s ",
TRACE(("Unhandled type for key %d : %s \n",
(int)PyInt_AsLong(key),
PyBytes_AsString(PyObject_Str(value))));
}

1
libImaging/Access.c
View File

@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ ImagingAccessInit()
ADD("RGBX", line_32, get_pixel_32, put_pixel_32);
ADD("CMYK", line_32, get_pixel_32, put_pixel_32);
ADD("YCbCr", line_32, get_pixel_32, put_pixel_32);
ADD("LAB", line_32, get_pixel_32, put_pixel_32);
}
ImagingAccess

1
libImaging/Imaging.h
View File

@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ extern "C" {
* RGBA 4 R, G, B, A
* CMYK 4 C, M, Y, K
* YCbCr 4 Y, Cb, Cr, -
* Lab 4 L, a, b, -
*
* experimental modes (incomplete):
* LA 4 L, -, -, A

43
libImaging/Pack.c
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@ -361,6 +361,27 @@ packI16B(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in_, int pixels)
}
}
static void
packI16N_I16B(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels){
int i;
UINT8* tmp = (UINT8*) in;
for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++) {
C16B;
out += 2; tmp += 2;
}
}
static void
packI16N_I16(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels){
int i;
UINT8* tmp = (UINT8*) in;
for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++) {
C16L;
out += 2; tmp += 2;
}
}
static void
packI32S(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
@ -372,6 +393,19 @@ packI32S(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
}
}
void
ImagingPackLAB(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
int i;
/* LAB triplets */
for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++) {
out[0] = in[0];
out[1] = in[1] ^ 128; /* signed in outside world */
out[2] = in[2] ^ 128;
out += 3; in += 4;
}
}
static void
copy1(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
@ -526,6 +560,12 @@ static struct {
{"YCbCr", "Cb", 8, band1},
{"YCbCr", "Cr", 8, band2},
/* LAB Color */
{"LAB", "LAB", 24, ImagingPackLAB},
{"LAB", "L", 8, band0},
{"LAB", "A", 8, band1},
{"LAB", "B", 8, band2},
/* integer */
{"I", "I", 32, copy4},
{"I", "I;16B", 16, packI16B},
@ -541,6 +581,9 @@ static struct {
{"I;16", "I;16", 16, copy2},
{"I;16B", "I;16B", 16, copy2},
{"I;16L", "I;16L", 16, copy2},
{"I;16", "I;16N", 16, packI16N_I16}, // LibTiff native->image endian.
{"I;16L", "I;16N", 16, packI16N_I16},
{"I;16B", "I;16N", 16, packI16N_I16B},
{"BGR;15", "BGR;15", 16, copy2},
{"BGR;16", "BGR;16", 16, copy2},
{"BGR;24", "BGR;24", 24, copy3},

12
libImaging/Storage.c
View File

@ -105,7 +105,8 @@ ImagingNewPrologueSubtype(const char *mode, unsigned xsize, unsigned ysize,
im->linesize = xsize * 4;
im->type = IMAGING_TYPE_INT32;
} else if (strcmp(mode, "I;16") == 0 || strcmp(mode, "I;16L") == 0 || strcmp(mode, "I;16B") == 0) {
} else if (strcmp(mode, "I;16") == 0 || strcmp(mode, "I;16L") == 0 \
|| strcmp(mode, "I;16B") == 0 || strcmp(mode, "I;16N") == 0) {
/* EXPERIMENTAL */
/* 16-bit raw integer images */
im->bands = 1;
@ -178,9 +179,16 @@ ImagingNewPrologueSubtype(const char *mode, unsigned xsize, unsigned ysize,
im->pixelsize = 4;
im->linesize = xsize * 4;
} else if (strcmp(mode, "LAB") == 0) {
/* 24-bit color, luminance, + 2 color channels */
/* L is uint8, a,b are int8 */
im->bands = 3;
im->pixelsize = 4;
im->linesize = xsize * 4;
} else {
free(im);
return (Imaging) ImagingError_ValueError("unrecognized mode");
return (Imaging) ImagingError_ValueError("unrecognized mode");
}
/* Setup image descriptor */

161
libImaging/Unpack.c
View File

@ -441,6 +441,36 @@ ImagingUnpackBGR(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
}
}
void
ImagingUnpackRGB15(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
int i, pixel;
/* RGB, 5 bits per pixel */
for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++) {
pixel = in[0] + (in[1] << 8);
out[R] = (pixel & 31) * 255 / 31;
out[G] = ((pixel>>5) & 31) * 255 / 31;
out[B] = ((pixel>>10) & 31) * 255 / 31;
out[A] = 255;
out += 4; in += 2;
}
}
void
ImagingUnpackRGBA15(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
int i, pixel;
/* RGB, 5/5/5/1 bits per pixel */
for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++) {
pixel = in[0] + (in[1] << 8);
out[R] = (pixel & 31) * 255 / 31;
out[G] = ((pixel>>5) & 31) * 255 / 31;
out[B] = ((pixel>>10) & 31) * 255 / 31;
out[A] = (pixel>>15) * 255;
out += 4; in += 2;
}
}
void
ImagingUnpackBGR15(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
@ -456,6 +486,36 @@ ImagingUnpackBGR15(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
}
}
void
ImagingUnpackBGRA15(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
int i, pixel;
/* RGB, reversed bytes, 5/5/5/1 bits per pixel */
for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++) {
pixel = in[0] + (in[1] << 8);
out[B] = (pixel & 31) * 255 / 31;
out[G] = ((pixel>>5) & 31) * 255 / 31;
out[R] = ((pixel>>10) & 31) * 255 / 31;
out[A] = (pixel>>15) * 255;
out += 4; in += 2;
}
}
void
ImagingUnpackRGB16(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
int i, pixel;
/* RGB, 5/6/5 bits per pixel */
for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++) {
pixel = in[0] + (in[1] << 8);
out[R] = (pixel & 31) * 255 / 31;
out[G] = ((pixel>>5) & 63) * 255 / 63;
out[B] = ((pixel>>11) & 31) * 255 / 31;
out[A] = 255;
out += 4; in += 2;
}
}
void
ImagingUnpackBGR16(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
@ -471,6 +531,36 @@ ImagingUnpackBGR16(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
}
}
void
ImagingUnpackRGB4B(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
int i, pixel;
/* RGB, 4 bits per pixel */
for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++) {
pixel = in[0] + (in[1] << 8);
out[R] = (pixel & 15) * 17;
out[G] = ((pixel>>4) & 15) * 17;
out[B] = ((pixel>>8) & 15) * 17;
out[A] = 255;
out += 4; in += 2;
}
}
void
ImagingUnpackRGBA4B(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
int i, pixel;
/* RGBA, 4 bits per pixel */
for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++) {
pixel = in[0] + (in[1] << 8);
out[R] = (pixel & 15) * 17;
out[G] = ((pixel>>4) & 15) * 17;
out[B] = ((pixel>>8) & 15) * 17;
out[A] = ((pixel>>12) & 15) * 17;
out += 4; in += 2;
}
}
static void
ImagingUnpackBGRX(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
@ -660,6 +750,51 @@ unpackCMYKI(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
}
}
/* Unpack to "LAB" image */
/* There are two representations of LAB images for whatever precision:
L: Uint (in PS, it's 0-100)
A: Int (in ps, -128 .. 128, or elsewhere 0..255, with 128 as middle.
Channels in PS display a 0 value as middle grey,
LCMS appears to use 128 as the 0 value for these channels)
B: Int (as above)
Since we don't have any signed ints, we're going with the shifted versions
internally, and we'll unshift for saving and whatnot.
*/
void
ImagingUnpackLAB(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
int i;
/* LAB triplets */
for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++) {
out[0] = in[0];
out[1] = in[1] ^ 128; /* signed in outside world */
out[2] = in[2] ^ 128;
out[3] = 255;
out += 4; in += 3;
}
}
static void
unpackI16N_I16B(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels){
int i;
UINT8* tmp = (UINT8*) out;
for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++) {
C16B;
in += 2; tmp += 2;
}
}
static void
unpackI16N_I16(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels){
int i;
UINT8* tmp = (UINT8*) out;
for (i = 0; i < pixels; i++) {
C16L;
in += 2; tmp += 2;
}
}
static void
copy1(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
@ -674,6 +809,13 @@ copy2(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
memcpy(out, in, pixels*2);
}
static void
copy3(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
/* LAB triples, 24bit */
memcpy(out, in, 3 * pixels);
}
static void
copy4(UINT8* out, const UINT8* in, int pixels)
{
@ -889,8 +1031,11 @@ static struct {
{"RGB", "RGB;R", 24, unpackRGBR},
{"RGB", "RGB;16B", 48, unpackRGB16B},
{"RGB", "BGR", 24, ImagingUnpackBGR},
{"RGB", "RGB;15", 16, ImagingUnpackRGB15},
{"RGB", "BGR;15", 16, ImagingUnpackBGR15},
{"RGB", "RGB;16", 16, ImagingUnpackRGB16},
{"RGB", "BGR;16", 16, ImagingUnpackBGR16},
{"RGB", "RGB;4B", 16, ImagingUnpackRGB4B},
{"RGB", "BGR;5", 16, ImagingUnpackBGR15}, /* compat */
{"RGB", "RGBX", 32, copy4},
{"RGB", "RGBX;L", 32, unpackRGBAL},
@ -909,6 +1054,9 @@ static struct {
{"RGBA", "RGBa", 32, unpackRGBa},
{"RGBA", "RGBA;I", 32, unpackRGBAI},
{"RGBA", "RGBA;L", 32, unpackRGBAL},
{"RGBA", "RGBA;15", 16, ImagingUnpackRGBA15},
{"RGBA", "BGRA;15", 16, ImagingUnpackBGRA15},
{"RGBA", "RGBA;4B", 16, ImagingUnpackRGBA4B},
{"RGBA", "RGBA;16B", 64, unpackRGBA16B},
{"RGBA", "BGRA", 32, unpackBGRA},
{"RGBA", "ARGB", 32, unpackARGB},
@ -924,8 +1072,9 @@ static struct {
{"RGBX", "RGB;L", 24, unpackRGBL},
{"RGBX", "RGB;16B", 48, unpackRGB16B},
{"RGBX", "BGR", 24, ImagingUnpackBGR},
{"RGBX", "RGB;15", 16, ImagingUnpackRGB15},
{"RGBX", "BGR;15", 16, ImagingUnpackBGR15},
{"RGB", "BGR;16", 16, ImagingUnpackBGR16},
{"RGBX", "RGB;4B", 16, ImagingUnpackRGB4B},
{"RGBX", "BGR;5", 16, ImagingUnpackBGR15}, /* compat */
{"RGBX", "RGBX", 32, copy4},
{"RGBX", "RGBX;L", 32, unpackRGBAL},
@ -957,6 +1106,12 @@ static struct {
{"YCbCr", "YCbCrX", 32, copy4},
{"YCbCr", "YCbCrK", 32, copy4},
/* LAB Color */
{"LAB", "LAB", 24, ImagingUnpackLAB},
{"LAB", "L", 8, band0},
{"LAB", "A", 8, band1},
{"LAB", "B", 8, band2},
/* integer variations */
{"I", "I", 32, copy4},
{"I", "I;8", 8, unpackI8},
@ -1004,6 +1159,10 @@ static struct {
{"I;16B", "I;16B", 16, copy2},
{"I;16L", "I;16L", 16, copy2},
{"I;16", "I;16N", 16, unpackI16N_I16}, // LibTiff native->image endian.
{"I;16L", "I;16N", 16, unpackI16N_I16}, // LibTiff native->image endian.
{"I;16B", "I;16N", 16, unpackI16N_I16B},
{NULL} /* sentinel */
};

2
selftest.py
View File

@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
check_codec("ZLIB (PNG/ZIP)", "zip")
check_codec("G4 TIFF", "group4")
check_module("FREETYPE2", "PIL._imagingft")
check_module("LITTLECMS", "PIL._imagingcms")
check_module("LITTLECMS2", "PIL._imagingcms")
check_module("WEBP", "PIL._webp")
try:
from PIL import _webp

20
setup.py
View File

@ -214,13 +214,21 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
_add_directory(library_dirs, "/usr/local/lib")
# FIXME: check /opt/stuff directories here?
# respect CFLAGS/LDFLAGS
for k in ('CFLAGS', 'LDFLAGS'):
if k in os.environ:
for match in re.finditer(r'-I([^\s]+)', os.environ[k]):
_add_directory(include_dirs, match.group(1))
for match in re.finditer(r'-L([^\s]+)', os.environ[k]):
_add_directory(library_dirs, match.group(1))
# include, rpath, if set as environment variables:
for k in 'C_INCLUDE_PATH INCLUDE'.split():
for k in ('C_INCLUDE_PATH', 'INCLUDE'):
if k in os.environ:
for d in os.environ[k].split(os.path.pathsep):
_add_directory(include_dirs, d)
for k in 'LD_RUN_PATH LIBRARY_PATH LIB'.split():
for k in ('LD_RUN_PATH', 'LIBRARY_PATH', 'LIB'):
if k in os.environ:
for d in os.environ[k].split(os.path.pathsep):
_add_directory(library_dirs, d)
@ -334,8 +342,8 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
_add_directory(self.compiler.include_dirs, dir, 0)
if feature.want('lcms'):
if _find_include_file(self, "lcms.h"):
if _find_library_file(self, "lcms"):
if _find_include_file(self, "lcms2.h"):
if _find_library_file(self, "lcms2"):
feature.lcms = "lcms"
if _tkinter and _find_include_file(self, "tk.h"):
@ -418,7 +426,7 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
if sys.platform == "win32":
extra.extend(["user32", "gdi32"])
exts.append(Extension(
"PIL._imagingcms", ["_imagingcms.c"], libraries=["lcms"] + extra))
"PIL._imagingcms", ["_imagingcms.c"], libraries=["lcms2"] + extra))
if os.path.isfile("_webp.c") and feature.webp:
libs = ["webp"]
@ -494,7 +502,7 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
(feature.zlib, "ZLIB (PNG/ZIP)"),
(feature.tiff, "TIFF G3/G4 (experimental)"),
(feature.freetype, "FREETYPE2"),
(feature.lcms, "LITTLECMS"),
(feature.lcms, "LITTLECMS2"),
(feature.webp, "WEBP"),
(feature.webpmux, "WEBPMUX"), ]