Merge branch 'master' into exif-writing-fixes

.appveyor.yml

@@ -13,16 +13,8 @@ environment:
   TEST_OPTIONS:
   DEPLOY: YES
   matrix:
-  - PYTHON: C:/vp/pypy2
+  - PYTHON: C:/Python38
-    EXECUTABLE: bin/pypy.exe
+  - PYTHON: C:/Python38-x64
-    PIP_DIR: bin
-    VENV: YES
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python27-x64
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python37
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python27
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python37-x64
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python36
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python36-x64
   - PYTHON: C:/Python35
   - PYTHON: C:/Python35-x64
   - PYTHON: C:/msys64/mingw32
@@ -30,6 +22,10 @@ environment:
     PIP_DIR: bin
     TEST_OPTIONS: --processes=0
     DEPLOY: NO
+  - PYTHON: C:/vp/pypy3
+    EXECUTABLE: bin/pypy.exe
+    PIP_DIR: bin
+    VENV: YES
 
 
 install:
@@ -41,9 +37,9 @@ install:
 - xcopy /s c:\pillow-depends\test_images\* c:\pillow\tests\images
 - cd c:\pillow\winbuild\
 - ps: |
-      if ($env:PYTHON -eq "c:/vp/pypy2")
+      if ($env:PYTHON -eq "c:/vp/pypy3")
       {
-        c:\pillow\winbuild\appveyor_install_pypy.cmd
+        c:\pillow\winbuild\appveyor_install_pypy3.cmd
       }
 - ps: |
       if ($env:PYTHON -eq "c:/msys64/mingw32")
@@ -56,6 +52,9 @@ install:
         c:\pillow\winbuild\build_deps.cmd
         $host.SetShouldExit(0)
       }
+- curl -fsSL -o gs950.exe https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/ghostpdl-downloads/releases/download/gs950/gs950w32.exe
+- gs950.exe /S
+- path %path%;C:\Program Files (x86)\gs\gs9.50\bin
 
 build_script:
 - ps: |
@@ -76,7 +75,8 @@ build_script:
 test_script:
 - cd c:\pillow
 - '%PYTHON%\%PIP_DIR%\pip.exe install pytest pytest-cov'
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pytest -vx --cov PIL --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests'
+- c:\"Program Files (x86)"\"Windows Kits"\10\Debuggers\x86\gflags.exe /p /enable %PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE%
+- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pytest -vx --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests'
 #- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% test-installed.py -v -s %TEST_OPTIONS%' TODO TEST_OPTIONS with pytest?
 
 after_test:

.codecov.yml

@@ -3,7 +3,14 @@
 codecov:
   # Avoid "Missing base report" due to committing CHANGES.rst with "[CI skip]"
   # https://github.com/codecov/support/issues/363
-  # https://docs.codecov.io/v4.3.6/docs/comparing-commits
+  # https://docs.codecov.io/docs/comparing-commits
   allow_coverage_offsets: true
 
 comment: off
+
+# Matches 'omit:' in .coveragerc
+ignore:
+  - "Tests/32bit_segfault_check.py"
+  - "Tests/bench_cffi_access.py"
+  - "Tests/check_*.py"
+  - "Tests/createfontdatachunk.py"

.coveragerc

@@ -12,3 +12,10 @@ exclude_lines =
     # Don't complain about debug code
     if Image.DEBUG:
     if DEBUG:
+
+[run]
+omit =
+    Tests/32bit_segfault_check.py
+    Tests/bench_cffi_access.py
+    Tests/check_*.py
+    Tests/createfontdatachunk.py

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ Please send a pull request to the master branch. Please include [documentation](
 - Fork the Pillow repository.
 - Create a branch from master.
 - Develop bug fixes, features, tests, etc.
-- Run the test suite on Python 2.7 and 3.x. You can enable [Travis CI](https://travis-ci.org/profile/) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/projects/new) on your repo to catch test failures prior to the pull request, and [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh) to see if the changed code is covered by tests.
+- Run the test suite. You can enable [Travis CI](https://travis-ci.org/profile/) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/projects/new) on your repo to catch test failures prior to the pull request, and [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh) to see if the changed code is covered by tests.
 - Create a pull request to pull the changes from your branch to the Pillow master.
 
 ### Guidelines
 
 - Separate code commits from reformatting commits.
 - Provide tests for any newly added code.
-- Follow PEP8.
+- Follow PEP 8.
 - When committing only documentation changes please include [ci skip] in the commit message to avoid running tests on Travis-CI and AppVeyor.
 
 ## Reporting Issues

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-tidelift: pypi/pillow
+tidelift: "pypi/Pillow"

.github/codecov-upstream.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Documentation: https://docs.codecov.io/docs/codecov-yaml
+
+codecov:
+  # Avoid "Missing base report" due to committing CHANGES.rst with "[CI skip]"
+  # https://github.com/codecov/support/issues/363
+  # https://docs.codecov.io/docs/comparing-commits
+  allow_coverage_offsets: true
+
+  token: 6dafc396-e7f5-4221-a38a-8b07a49fbdae
+
+comment: off
+
+# Matches 'omit:' in .coveragerc
+ignore:
+  - "Tests/32bit_segfault_check.py"
+  - "Tests/bench_cffi_access.py"
+  - "Tests/check_*.py"
+  - "Tests/createfontdatachunk.py"

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+name: Lint
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ["3.8"]
+
+    name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
+
+    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v1
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+    - name: Build system information
+      run: python .github/workflows/system-info.py
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install --upgrade tox
+
+    - name: Lint
+      run: tox -e lint

.github/workflows/macos-install.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+brew install libtiff libjpeg openjpeg libimagequant webp little-cms2 freetype
+
+PYTHONOPTIMIZE=0 pip install cffi
+pip install coverage
+pip install olefile
+pip install -U pytest
+pip install -U pytest-cov
+pip install pyroma
+pip install test-image-results
+pip install numpy
+
+# extra test images
+pushd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && popd

.github/workflows/system-info.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+"""
+Print out some handy system info like Travis CI does.
+
+This sort of info is missing from GitHub Actions.
+
+Requested here:
+https://github.com/actions/virtual-environments/issues/79
+"""
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+
+print("Build system information")
+print()
+
+print("sys.version\t\t", sys.version.split("\n"))
+print("os.name\t\t\t", os.name)
+print("sys.platform\t\t", sys.platform)
+print("platform.system()\t", platform.system())
+print("platform.machine()\t", platform.machine())
+print("platform.platform()\t", platform.platform())
+print("platform.version()\t", platform.version())
+print("platform.uname()\t", platform.uname())
+if sys.platform == "darwin":
+    print("platform.mac_ver()\t", platform.mac_ver())

.github/workflows/test-docker.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+name: Test Docker
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        docker: [
+          alpine,
+          arch,
+          ubuntu-16.04-xenial-amd64,
+          ubuntu-18.04-bionic-amd64,
+          debian-9-stretch-x86,
+          debian-10-buster-x86,
+          centos-6-amd64,
+          centos-7-amd64,
+          centos-8-amd64,
+          amazon-1-amd64,
+          amazon-2-amd64,
+          fedora-30-amd64,
+          fedora-31-amd64,
+        ]
+        dockerTag: [master]
+
+    name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
+
+    - name: Build system information
+      run: python .github/workflows/system-info.py
+
+    - name: Docker pull
+      run: |
+        docker pull pythonpillow/${{ matrix.docker }}:${{ matrix.dockerTag }}
+
+    - name: Docker build
+      run: |
+        # The Pillow user in the docker container is UID 1000
+        sudo chown -R 1000 $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
+        docker run -v $GITHUB_WORKSPACE:/Pillow pythonpillow/${{ matrix.docker }}:${{ matrix.dockerTag }}
+        sudo chown -R runner $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
+
+    - name: After success
+      if: success()
+      run: |
+        pip install wheel
+        sudo apt-get install -qq ruby-dev
+        PATH="$PATH:~/.local/bin"
+        .travis/after_success.sh
+      env:
+        COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN }}
+
+    - name: Prepare coverage token
+      if: success() && github.repository == 'python-pillow/Pillow'
+      run: cp .github/codecov-upstream.yml .codecov.yml
+
+    - name: Upload coverage
+      if: success()
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+        name: ${{ matrix.docker }}

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+name: Test Windows
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: windows-2019
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ["3.5", "3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "pypy3.6"]
+        architecture: ["x86", "x64"]
+        include:
+          - architecture: "x86"
+            platform-vcvars: "x86"
+            platform-msbuild: "Win32"
+          - architecture: "x64"
+            platform-vcvars: "x86_amd64"
+            platform-msbuild: "x64"
+          - python-version: "pypy3.6"
+            pypy-version: "pypy3.6-v7.3.0-win32"
+            pypy-url: "https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/downloads/pypy3.6-v7.3.0-win32.zip"
+        exclude:
+          - python-version: "pypy3.6"
+            architecture: "x64"
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+
+    name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} ${{ matrix.architecture }}
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
+
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
+      with:
+        repository: python-pillow/pillow-depends
+        ref: master
+
+    - name: Cache
+      uses: actions/cache@v1
+      with:
+        path: ~\AppData\Local\pip\Cache
+        key:
+          ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.architecture }}-${{ hashFiles('**/.github/workflows/test-windows.yml') }}
+        restore-keys: |
+          ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.architecture }}-
+          ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-
+
+    - name: Install PyPy
+      if: "contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy')"
+      run: |
+        curl -fsSL -o pypy3.zip "${{ matrix.pypy-url }}"
+        7z x pypy3.zip "-o$env:RUNNER_WORKSPACE\"
+        mv "$env:RUNNER_WORKSPACE\${{ matrix.pypy-version }}" "$env:RUNNER_WORKSPACE\${{ matrix.python-version }}"
+        $env:PYTHON="$env:RUNNER_WORKSPACE\${{ matrix.python-version }}"
+        # set env: pythonLocation
+        Write-Host "`#`#[set-env name=pythonLocation;]$env:PYTHON" # old syntax https://github.com/actions/toolkit/issues/61
+        Write-Host "::set-env name=pythonLocation::$env:PYTHON" # new syntax https://github.com/actions/toolkit/blob/5bb77ec03fea98332e41f9347c8fbb1ce1e48f4a/docs/commands.md
+        New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path "$env:PYTHON\python.exe" -Target "$env:PYTHON\pypy3.exe"
+        curl -fsSL -o get-pip.py https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
+        $env:PATH = "$env:PYTHON\bin;$env:PATH"
+        & $env:PYTHON\python.exe get-pip.py
+      shell: pwsh
+
+    # sets env: pythonLocation
+    - name: Set up Python
+      if: "!contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy')"
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v1
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        architecture: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
+
+    - name: Build system information
+      run: python .github/workflows/system-info.py
+
+    - name: pip install wheel pytest pytest-cov
+      run: |
+        "%pythonLocation%\python.exe" -m pip install wheel pytest pytest-cov
+      shell: cmd
+
+    - name: Fetch dependencies
+      run: |
+        7z x ..\pillow-depends\nasm-2.14.02-win64.zip "-o$env:RUNNER_WORKSPACE\"
+        Write-Host "`#`#[add-path]$env:RUNNER_WORKSPACE\nasm-2.14.02"
+        Write-Host "::add-path::$env:RUNNER_WORKSPACE\nasm-2.14.02"
+
+        ..\pillow-depends\gs950w32.exe /S
+        Write-Host "`#`#[add-path]C:\Program Files (x86)\gs\gs9.50\bin"
+        Write-Host "::add-path::C:\Program Files (x86)\gs\gs9.50\bin"
+
+        $env:PYTHON=$env:pythonLocation
+        xcopy ..\pillow-depends\*.zip $env:GITHUB_WORKSPACE\winbuild\
+        xcopy ..\pillow-depends\*.tar.gz $env:GITHUB_WORKSPACE\winbuild\
+        xcopy /s ..\pillow-depends\test_images\* $env:GITHUB_WORKSPACE\tests\images\
+        cd $env:GITHUB_WORKSPACE/winbuild/
+        python.exe $env:GITHUB_WORKSPACE\winbuild\build_dep.py
+      env:
+        EXECUTABLE: bin\python.exe
+      shell: pwsh
+
+    - name: Build dependencies / libjpeg
+      if: false
+      run: |
+        REM FIXME uses /MT not /MD, see makefile.vc and win32.mak for more info
+
+        set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\V7.1A\Include
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        set BUILD=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\build
+        cd /D %BUILD%\jpeg-9c
+        call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.platform-vcvars }}
+        echo on
+        nmake -nologo -f makefile.vc setup-vc6
+        nmake -nologo -f makefile.vc clean
+        nmake -nologo -f makefile.vc nodebug=1 libjpeg.lib cjpeg.exe djpeg.exe
+        copy /Y /B j*.h %INCLIB%
+        copy /Y /B *.lib %INCLIB%
+        copy /Y /B *.exe %INCLIB%
+      shell: cmd
+
+    - name: Build dependencies / libjpeg-turbo
+      run: |
+        set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\V7.1A\Include
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        set BUILD=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\build
+        cd /D %BUILD%\libjpeg-turbo-2.0.3
+        call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.platform-vcvars }}
+        echo on
+        set CMAKE=cmake.exe -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON -DCMAKE_RULE_MESSAGES:BOOL=OFF
+        set CMAKE=%CMAKE% -DENABLE_SHARED:BOOL=OFF -DWITH_JPEG8:BOOL=TRUE -DWITH_CRT_DLL:BOOL=TRUE -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+        %CMAKE% -G "NMake Makefiles" .
+        nmake -nologo -f Makefile clean
+        nmake -nologo -f Makefile jpeg-static cjpeg-static djpeg-static
+        copy /Y /B j*.h %INCLIB%
+        copy /Y /B jpeg-static.lib %INCLIB%\libjpeg.lib
+        copy /Y /B cjpeg-static.exe %INCLIB%\cjpeg.exe
+        copy /Y /B djpeg-static.exe %INCLIB%\djpeg.exe
+      shell: cmd
+
+    - name: Build dependencies / zlib
+      run: |
+        set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\V7.1A\Include
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        set BUILD=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\build
+        cd /D %BUILD%\zlib-1.2.11
+        call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.platform-vcvars }}
+        echo on
+        nmake -nologo -f win32\Makefile.msc clean
+        nmake -nologo -f win32\Makefile.msc zlib.lib
+        copy /Y /B z*.h %INCLIB%
+        copy /Y /B *.lib %INCLIB%
+        copy /Y /B zlib.lib %INCLIB%\z.lib
+      shell: cmd
+
+    - name: Build dependencies / LibTIFF
+      run: |
+        set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\V7.1A\Include
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        set BUILD=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\build
+        cd /D %BUILD%\tiff-4.1.0
+        call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.platform-vcvars }}
+        echo on
+        copy %GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\tiff.opt nmake.opt
+        nmake -nologo -f makefile.vc clean
+        nmake -nologo -f makefile.vc lib
+        copy /Y /B libtiff\tiff*.h %INCLIB%
+        copy /Y /B libtiff\*.dll %INCLIB%
+        copy /Y /B libtiff\*.lib %INCLIB%
+      shell: cmd
+
+    - name: Build dependencies / WebP
+      run: |
+        set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\V7.1A\Include
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        set BUILD=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\build
+        cd /D %BUILD%\libwebp-1.0.3
+        call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.platform-vcvars }}
+        echo on
+        rmdir /S /Q output\release-static
+        nmake -nologo -f Makefile.vc CFG=release-static OBJDIR=output ARCH=${{ matrix.architecture }} all
+        mkdir %INCLIB%\webp
+        copy /Y /B src\webp\*.h %INCLIB%\webp
+        copy /Y /B output\release-static\${{ matrix.architecture }}\lib\* %INCLIB%
+      shell: cmd
+
+    - name: Build dependencies / FreeType
+      run: |
+        REM Toolkit v100 not available; missing VCTargetsPath; Clean fails
+
+        set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\V7.1A\Include
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        set BUILD=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\build
+        cd /D %BUILD%\freetype-2.10.1
+        call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.platform-vcvars }}
+        echo on
+        rmdir /S /Q objs
+        set DefaultPlatformToolset=v142
+        set VCTargetsPath=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\MSBuild\Microsoft\VC\v160\
+        set MSBUILD="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\MSBuild\Current\Bin\MSBuild.exe"
+        powershell -Command "(gc builds\windows\vc2010\freetype.vcxproj) -replace 'MultiThreaded<', 'MultiThreadedDLL<' | Out-File -encoding ASCII builds\windows\vc2010\freetype.vcxproj"
+        %MSBUILD% builds\windows\vc2010\freetype.sln /t:Build /p:Configuration="Release Static" /p:Platform=${{ matrix.platform-msbuild }} /m
+        xcopy /Y /E /Q include %INCLIB%
+        copy /Y /B "objs\${{ matrix.platform-msbuild }}\Release Static\freetype.lib" %INCLIB%
+      shell: cmd
+
+    - name: Build dependencies / LCMS2
+      run: |
+        set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\V7.1A\Include
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        set BUILD=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\build
+        cd /D %BUILD%\lcms2-2.8
+        call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.platform-vcvars }}
+        echo on
+        rmdir /S /Q Lib
+        rmdir /S /Q Projects\VC2015\Release
+        set VCTargetsPath=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\MSBuild\Microsoft\VC\v160\
+        set MSBUILD="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\MSBuild\Current\Bin\MSBuild.exe"
+        powershell %GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\lcms2_patch.ps1
+        %MSBUILD% Projects\VC2015\lcms2.sln /t:Clean;lcms2_static /p:Configuration="Release" /p:Platform=${{ matrix.platform-msbuild }} /m
+        xcopy /Y /E /Q include %INCLIB%
+        copy /Y /B Lib\MS\*.lib %INCLIB%
+      shell: cmd
+
+    - name: Build dependencies / OpenJPEG
+      run: |
+        set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\V7.1A\Include
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        set BUILD=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\build
+        cd /D %BUILD%\openjpeg-2.3.1msvcr10-x32
+        call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.platform-vcvars }}
+        echo on
+        set CMAKE=cmake.exe -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON -DCMAKE_RULE_MESSAGES:BOOL=OFF
+        set CMAKE=%CMAKE% -DBUILD_THIRDPARTY:BOOL=OFF -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS:BOOL=OFF
+        set CMAKE=%CMAKE% -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+        %CMAKE% -G "NMake Makefiles" .
+        nmake -nologo -f Makefile clean
+        nmake -nologo -f Makefile
+        mkdir %INCLIB%\openjpeg-2.3.1
+        copy /Y /B src\lib\openjp2\*.h %INCLIB%\openjpeg-2.3.1
+        copy /Y /B bin\*.lib %INCLIB%
+      shell: cmd
+
+    # GPL licensed; skip if building wheels
+    - name: Build dependencies / libimagequant
+      if: "github.event_name != 'push' || contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy')"
+      run: |
+        set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\V7.1A\Include
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        set BUILD=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\build
+        rem e5d454b: Merge tag '2.12.6' into msvc
+        cd /D %BUILD%\libimagequant-e5d454bc7f5eb63ee50c84a83a7fa5ac94f68ec4
+        call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.platform-vcvars }}
+        echo on
+        echo (gc CMakeLists.txt) -replace 'add_library', "add_compile_options(-openmp-)`r`nadd_library" ^| Out-File -encoding ASCII CMakeLists.txt > patch.ps1
+        echo (gc CMakeLists.txt) -replace ' SHARED', ' STATIC' ^| Out-File -encoding ASCII CMakeLists.txt >> patch.ps1
+        powershell .\patch.ps1
+        set CMAKE=cmake.exe -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON -DCMAKE_RULE_MESSAGES:BOOL=OFF
+        set CMAKE=%CMAKE% -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+        %CMAKE% -G "NMake Makefiles" .
+        nmake -nologo -f Makefile clean
+        nmake -nologo -f Makefile
+        copy /Y /B *.h %INCLIB%
+        copy /Y /B *.lib %INCLIB%
+      shell: cmd
+
+    # for Raqm
+    - name: Build dependencies / HarfBuzz
+      run: |
+        set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\V7.1A\Include
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        set BUILD=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\build
+        set INCLUDE=%INCLUDE%;%INCLIB%
+        set LIB=%LIB%;%INCLIB%
+        cd /D %BUILD%\harfbuzz-2.6.1
+        call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.platform-vcvars }}
+        echo on
+        set CMAKE=cmake.exe -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON -DCMAKE_RULE_MESSAGES:BOOL=OFF
+        set CMAKE=%CMAKE% -DHB_HAVE_FREETYPE:BOOL=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+        %CMAKE% -G "NMake Makefiles" .
+        nmake -nologo -f Makefile clean
+        nmake -nologo -f Makefile harfbuzz
+        copy /Y /B src\*.h %INCLIB%
+        copy /Y /B *.lib %INCLIB%
+      shell: cmd
+
+    # for Raqm
+    - name: Build dependencies / FriBidi
+      run: |
+        set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\V7.1A\Include
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        set BUILD=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\build
+        cd /D %BUILD%\fribidi-1.0.7
+        call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.platform-vcvars }}
+        echo on
+        copy /Y /B %GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\fribidi.cmake CMakeLists.txt
+        set CMAKE=cmake.exe -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON -DCMAKE_RULE_MESSAGES:BOOL=OFF
+        set CMAKE=%CMAKE% -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+        %CMAKE% -G "NMake Makefiles" .
+        nmake -nologo -f Makefile clean
+        nmake -nologo -f Makefile fribidi
+        copy /Y /B lib\*.h %INCLIB%
+        copy /Y /B *.lib %INCLIB%
+      shell: cmd
+
+    - name: Build dependencies / Raqm
+      run: |
+        set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\V7.1A\Include
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        set BUILD=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\build
+        set INCLUDE=%INCLUDE%;%INCLIB%
+        set LIB=%LIB%;%INCLIB%
+        cd /D %BUILD%\libraqm-0.7.0
+        call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.platform-vcvars }}
+        echo on
+        copy /Y /B %GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\raqm.cmake CMakeLists.txt
+        set CMAKE=cmake.exe -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON -DCMAKE_RULE_MESSAGES:BOOL=OFF
+        set CMAKE=%CMAKE% -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+        %CMAKE% -G "NMake Makefiles" .
+        nmake -nologo -f Makefile clean
+        nmake -nologo -f Makefile libraqm
+        copy /Y /B src\*.h %INCLIB%
+        copy /Y /B libraqm.dll %INCLIB%
+      shell: cmd
+
+    - name: Build Pillow
+      run: |
+        set PYTHON=%pythonLocation%
+        set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\V7.1A\Include
+        set MPLSRC=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        cd /D %GITHUB_WORKSPACE%
+        set LIB=%INCLIB%;%PYTHON%\tcl
+        set INCLUDE=%INCLIB%;%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\depends\tcl86\include;%INCLUDE%
+        call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.platform-vcvars }}
+        set MSSdk=1
+        set DISTUTILS_USE_SDK=1
+        set py_vcruntime_redist=true
+        %PYTHON%\python.exe setup.py build_ext install
+        rem Add libraqm.dll (copied to INCLIB) to PATH.
+        path %INCLIB%;%PATH%
+        %PYTHON%\python.exe selftest.py --installed
+      shell: cmd
+
+    # failing with PyPy3
+    - name: Enable heap verification
+      if: "!contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy')"
+      run: |
+        c:\"Program Files (x86)"\"Windows Kits"\10\Debuggers\x86\gflags.exe /p /enable %PYTHON%\python.exe
+      shell: cmd
+
+    - name: Test Pillow
+      run: |
+        set PYTHON=%pythonLocation%
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        rem Add libraqm.dll (copied to INCLIB) to PATH.
+        path %INCLIB%;%PATH%
+        cd /D %GITHUB_WORKSPACE%
+        %PYTHON%\python.exe -m pytest -vx --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests
+      shell: cmd
+
+    - name: Upload errors
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
+      if: failure()
+      with:
+        name: errors
+        path: Tests/errors
+
+    - name: Prepare coverage token
+      if: success() && github.repository == 'python-pillow/Pillow'
+      run: cp .github/codecov-upstream.yml .codecov.yml
+
+    - name: Upload coverage
+      if: success()
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1
+      with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          name: ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+    - name: Build wheel
+      id: wheel
+      if: "github.event_name == 'push' && !contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy')"
+      run: |
+        for /f "tokens=3 delims=/" %%a in ("${{ github.ref }}") do echo ##[set-output name=dist;]dist-%%a
+        for /f "tokens=3 delims=/" %%a in ("${{ github.ref }}") do echo ::set-output name=dist::dist-%%a
+        set PYTHON=%pythonLocation%
+        set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\V7.1A\Include
+        set MPLSRC=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%
+        set INCLIB=%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\depends\msvcr10-x32
+        cd /D %GITHUB_WORKSPACE%
+        set LIB=%INCLIB%;%PYTHON%\tcl
+        set INCLUDE=%INCLIB%;%GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\depends\tcl86\include;%INCLUDE%
+        call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" ${{ matrix.platform-vcvars }}
+        %PYTHON%\python.exe setup.py bdist_wheel
+      shell: cmd
+
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
+      if: "github.event_name == 'push' && !contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy')"
+      with:
+        name: ${{ steps.wheel.outputs.dist }}
+        path: dist

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+name: Test
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [
+          "ubuntu-latest",
+          "macOS-latest",
+        ]
+        python-version: [
+          "pypy3",
+          "3.8",
+          "3.7",
+          "3.6",
+          "3.5",
+        ]
+        include:
+        - python-version: "3.5"
+          env: PYTHONOPTIMIZE=2
+        - python-version: "3.6"
+          env: PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
+
+    - name: Ubuntu cache
+      uses: actions/cache@v1
+      if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')
+      with:
+        path: ~/.cache/pip
+        key:
+          ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('**/.travis/*.sh') }}
+        restore-keys: |
+          ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-
+
+    - name: macOS cache
+      uses: actions/cache@v1
+      if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'macOS')
+      with:
+        path: ~/Library/Caches/pip
+        key:
+          ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('**/.travis/*.sh') }}
+        restore-keys: |
+          ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-
+
+    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v1
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+    - name: Build system information
+      run: python .github/workflows/system-info.py
+
+    - name: Install Linux dependencies
+      if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')
+      run: |
+        .travis/install.sh
+
+    - name: Install macOS dependencies
+      if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'macOS')
+      run: |
+        .github/workflows/macos-install.sh
+
+    - name: Build
+      run: |
+        .travis/build.sh
+
+    - name: Test
+      run: |
+        .travis/test.sh
+
+    - name: Upload errors
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
+      if: failure()
+      with:
+        name: errors
+        path: Tests/errors
+
+    - name: After success
+      if: success()
+      run: |
+        .travis/after_success.sh
+      env:
+        MATRIX_OS: ${{ matrix.os }}
+        COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN }}
+
+    - name: Prepare coverage token
+      if: success() && github.repository == 'python-pillow/Pillow'
+      run: cp .github/codecov-upstream.yml .codecov.yml
+
+    - name: Upload coverage
+      if: success()
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+        name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}

.travis.yml

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ notifications:
   irc: "chat.freenode.net#pil"
 
 # Run fast lint first to get fast feedback.
-# Run slow PyPy* next, to give them a headstart and reduce waiting time.
+# Run slow PyPy next, to give it a headstart and reduce waiting time.
-# Run latest 3.x and 2.x next, to get quick compatibility results.
+# Run latest 3.x next, to get quick compatibility results.
 # Then run the remainder, with fastest Docker jobs last.
 
 matrix:
@@ -16,25 +16,22 @@ matrix:
     - python: "3.6"
       name: "Lint"
       env: LINT="true"
-    - python: "pypy"
-      name: "PyPy2 Xenial"
     - python: "pypy3"
       name: "PyPy3 Xenial"
+    - python: "3.8"
+      name: "3.8 Xenial"
+      services: xvfb
     - python: '3.7'
       name: "3.7 Xenial"
-    - python: '2.7'
-      name: "2.7 Xenial"
-    - python:  "2.7_with_system_site_packages" # For PyQt4
-      name: "2.7_with_system_site_packages Xenial"
       services: xvfb
     - python: '3.6'
       name: "3.6 Xenial PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1"
       env: PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1
+      services: xvfb
     - python: '3.5'
       name: "3.5 Xenial PYTHONOPTIMIZE=2"
       env: PYTHONOPTIMIZE=2
-    - python: "3.8-dev"
+      services: xvfb
-      name: "3.8-dev Xenial"
     - env: DOCKER="alpine" DOCKER_TAG="master"
     - env: DOCKER="arch" DOCKER_TAG="master" # contains PyQt5
     - env: DOCKER="ubuntu-16.04-xenial-amd64" DOCKER_TAG="master"
@@ -43,10 +40,11 @@ matrix:
     - env: DOCKER="debian-10-buster-x86" DOCKER_TAG="master"
     - env: DOCKER="centos-6-amd64" DOCKER_TAG="master"
     - env: DOCKER="centos-7-amd64" DOCKER_TAG="master"
+    - env: DOCKER="centos-8-amd64" DOCKER_TAG="master"
     - env: DOCKER="amazon-1-amd64" DOCKER_TAG="master"
     - env: DOCKER="amazon-2-amd64" DOCKER_TAG="master"
-    - env: DOCKER="fedora-29-amd64" DOCKER_TAG="master"
     - env: DOCKER="fedora-30-amd64" DOCKER_TAG="master"
+    - env: DOCKER="fedora-31-amd64" DOCKER_TAG="master"
 
 services:
   - docker
@@ -67,7 +65,8 @@ script:
   if [ "$LINT" == "true" ]; then
     tox -e lint
   elif [ "$DOCKER" == "" ]; then
-    .travis/script.sh
+    .travis/build.sh
+    .travis/test.sh
   elif [ "$DOCKER" ]; then
     # the Pillow user in the docker container is UID 1000
     sudo chown -R 1000 $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR

.travis/after_success.sh

@@ -1,26 +1,30 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
 # gather the coverage data
-sudo apt-get -qq install lcov
+if [[ "$MATRIX_OS" == "macOS-latest" ]]; then
+    brew install lcov
+else
+    sudo apt-get -qq install lcov
+fi
+
 lcov --capture --directory . -b . --output-file coverage.info
 #  filter to remove system headers
 lcov --remove coverage.info '/usr/*' -o coverage.filtered.info
 #  convert to json
-gem install coveralls-lcov
+sudo gem install coveralls-lcov
 coveralls-lcov -v -n coverage.filtered.info > coverage.c.json
 
-coverage report
 pip install codecov
-if [[ $TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION != "2.7_with_system_site_packages" ]]; then
+coverage report
-    # Not working here. Just skip it, it's being removed soon.
-    pip install coveralls-merge
-    coveralls-merge coverage.c.json
-fi
-codecov
 
-if [ "$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION" == "2.7" ] && [ "$DOCKER" == "" ]; then
+pip install coveralls-merge
+coveralls-merge coverage.c.json
+if [[ $TRAVIS ]]; then
+    codecov
+fi
+
+if [ "$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION" == "3.7" ] && [ "$DOCKER" == "" ]; then
     # Coverage and quality reports on just the latest diff.
-    # (Installation is very slow on Py3, so just do it for Py2.)
     depends/diffcover-install.sh
     depends/diffcover-run.sh
 fi

.travis/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+coverage erase
+if [ $(uname) == "Darwin" ]; then
+    export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/miniconda/include";
+fi
+make clean
+make install-coverage

.travis/install.sh

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 set -e
 
 sudo apt-get update
-sudo apt-get -qq install libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev python-tk python-qt4\
+sudo apt-get -qq install libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev python3-tk\
                          ghostscript libffi-dev libjpeg-turbo-progs libopenjp2-7-dev\
                          cmake imagemagick libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev
 
@@ -15,9 +15,13 @@ pip install -U pytest-cov
 pip install pyroma
 pip install test-image-results
 pip install numpy
+if [[ $TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION == 3.* ]]; then
+    sudo apt-get -qq install pyqt5-dev-tools
+    pip install pyqt5
+fi
 
-# docs only on Python 2.7
+# docs only on Python 3.8
-if [ "$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION" == "2.7" ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt ; fi
+if [ "$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION" == "3.8" ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt ; fi
 
 # webp
 pushd depends && ./install_webp.sh && popd

.travis/script.sh

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-set -e
-
-coverage erase
-make clean
-make install-coverage
-
-python -m pytest -v -x --cov PIL --cov-report term Tests
-
-# Docs
-if [ "$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION" == "2.7" ]; then make doccheck; fi

.travis/test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+python -m pytest -v -x --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term Tests
+
+# Docs
+if [ "$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION" == "3.8" ]; then make doccheck; fi

CHANGES.rst

@@ -2,11 +2,152 @@
 Changelog (Pillow)
 ==================
 
-6.2.0 (unreleased)
+7.0.0 (unreleased)
+------------------
+
+- Allow loading of WMF images at a given DPI #4311
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Added reduce operation #4251
+  [homm]
+
+- Raise ValueError for io.StringIO in Image.open #4302
+  [radarhere, hugovk]
+
+- Fix thumbnail geometry when DCT scaling is used #4231
+  [homm, radarhere]
+
+- Use default DPI when exif provides invalid x_resolution #4147
+  [beipang2, radarhere]
+
+- Change default resize resampling filter from NEAREST to BICUBIC #4255
+  [homm]
+
+- Fixed black lines on upscaled images with the BOX filter #4278
+  [homm]
+
+- Better thumbnail aspect ratio preservation #4256
+  [homm]
+
+- Add La mode packing and unpacking #4248
+  [homm]
+
+- Include tests in coverage reports #4173
+  [hugovk]
+
+- Handle broken Photoshop data #4239
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Raise a specific exception if no data is found for an MPO frame #4240
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Fix Unicode support for PyPy #4145
+  [nulano]
+
+- Drop support for EOL Python 2.7 #4109
+  [hugovk, radarhere, jdufresne]
+
+- Added UnidentifiedImageError #4182
+  [radarhere, hugovk]
+
+- Remove deprecated __version__ from plugins #4197
+  [hugovk, radarhere]
+
+- Fixed freeing unallocated pointer when resizing with height too large #4116
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Copy info in Image.transform #4128
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Corrected DdsImagePlugin setting info gamma #4171
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Depends: Update libtiff to 4.1.0 #4195, Tk Tcl to 8.6.10 #4229, libimagequant to 2.12.6 #4318
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Improve handling of file resources #3577
+  [jdufresne]
+
+- Removed CI testing of Fedora 29 #4165
+  [hugovk]
+
+- Added pypy3 to tox envlist #4137
+  [jdufresne]
+
+- Drop support for EOL PyQt4 and PySide #4108
+  [hugovk, radarhere]
+
+- Removed deprecated setting of TIFF image sizes #4114
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Removed deprecated PILLOW_VERSION #4107
+  [hugovk]
+
+- Changed default frombuffer raw decoder args #1730
+  [radarhere]
+
+6.2.1 (2019-10-21)
 ------------------
 
 - This is the last Pillow release to support Python 2.7 #3642
 
+- Add support for Python 3.8 #4141
+  [hugovk]
+
+6.2.0 (2019-10-01)
+------------------
+
+- Catch buffer overruns #4104
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Initialize rows_per_strip when RowsPerStrip tag is missing #4034
+  [cgohlke, radarhere]
+
+- Raise error if TIFF dimension is a string #4103
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Added decompression bomb checks #4102
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Fix ImageGrab.grab DPI scaling on Windows 10 version 1607+ #4000
+  [nulano, radarhere]
+
+- Corrected negative seeks #4101
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Added argument to capture all screens on Windows #3950
+  [nulano, radarhere]
+
+- Updated warning to specify when Image.frombuffer defaults will change #4086
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Changed WindowsViewer format to PNG #4080
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Use TIFF orientation #4063
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Raise the same error if a truncated image is loaded a second time #3965
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Lazily use ImageFileDirectory_v1 values from Exif #4031
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Improved HSV conversion #4004
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Added text stroking #3978
+  [radarhere, hugovk]
+
+- No more deprecated bdist_wininst .exe installers #4029
+  [hugovk]
+
+- Do not allow floodfill to extend into negative coordinates #4017
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Fixed arc drawing bug for a non-whole number of degrees #4014
+  [radarhere]
+
 - Fix bug when merging identical images to GIF with a list of durations #4003
   [djy0, radarhere]
 
@@ -70,7 +211,7 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
 - Updated TIFF tile descriptors to match current decoding functionality #3795
   [dmnisson]
 
-- Added an `image.entropy()` method (second revision) #3608
+- Added an ``image.entropy()`` method (second revision) #3608
   [fish2000]
 
 - Pass the correct types to PyArg_ParseTuple #3880
@@ -706,7 +847,7 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
 - Enable background colour parameter on rotate #3057
   [storesource]
 
-- Remove unnecessary `#if 1` directive #3072
+- Remove unnecessary ``#if 1`` directive #3072
   [jdufresne]
 
 - Remove unused Python class, Path #3070
@@ -1243,7 +1384,7 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
 - Add decompression bomb check to Image.crop #2410
   [wiredfool]
 
-- ImageFile: Ensure that the `err_code` variable is initialized in case of exception. #2363
+- ImageFile: Ensure that the ``err_code`` variable is initialized in case of exception. #2363
   [alexkiro]
 
 - Tiff: Support append_images for saving multipage TIFFs #2406
@@ -1480,7 +1621,7 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
 - Removed PIL 1.0 era TK readme that concerns Windows 95/NT #2360
   [wiredfool]
 
-- Prevent `nose -v` printing docstrings #2369
+- Prevent ``nose -v`` printing docstrings #2369
   [hugovk]
 
 - Replaced absolute PIL imports with relative imports #2349
@@ -1925,7 +2066,7 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
 - Changed depends/install_*.sh urls to point to github pillow-depends repo #1983
   [wiredfool]
 
-- Allow ICC profile from `encoderinfo` while saving PNGs #1909
+- Allow ICC profile from ``encoderinfo`` while saving PNGs #1909
   [homm]
 
 - Fix integer overflow on ILP32 systems (32-bit Linux). #1975
@@ -2368,7 +2509,7 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
 - Added PDF multipage saving #1445
   [radarhere]
 
-- Removed deprecated code, Image.tostring, Image.fromstring, Image.offset, ImageDraw.setink, ImageDraw.setfill, ImageFileIO, ImageFont.FreeTypeFont and ImageFont.truetype `file` kwarg, ImagePalette private _make functions, ImageWin.fromstring and ImageWin.tostring #1343
+- Removed deprecated code, Image.tostring, Image.fromstring, Image.offset, ImageDraw.setink, ImageDraw.setfill, ImageFileIO, ImageFont.FreeTypeFont and ImageFont.truetype ``file`` kwarg, ImagePalette private _make functions, ImageWin.fromstring and ImageWin.tostring #1343
   [radarhere]
 
 - Load more broken images #1428
@@ -2860,7 +3001,7 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
 - Doc cleanup
   [wiredfool]
 
-- Fix `ImageStat` docs #796
+- Fix ``ImageStat`` docs #796
   [akx]
 
 - Added docs for ExifTags #794
@@ -3297,7 +3438,7 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
 - Add RGBA support to ImageColor #309
   [yoavweiss]
 
-- Test for `str`, not `"utf-8"` #306 (fixes #304)
+- Test for ``str``, not ``"utf-8"`` #306 (fixes #304)
   [mjpieters]
 
 - Fix missing import os in _util.py #303
@@ -3403,7 +3544,7 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
 
 - Partial work to add a wrapper for WebPGetFeatures to correctly support #220 (fixes #204)
 
-- Significant performance improvement of `alpha_composite` function #156
+- Significant performance improvement of ``alpha_composite`` function #156
   [homm]
 
 - Support explicitly disabling features via --disable-* options #240

Makefile

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 .DEFAULT_GOAL := release-test
 
 clean:
-	python setup.py clean
+	python3 setup.py clean
 	rm src/PIL/*.so || true
 	rm -r build || true
 	find . -name __pycache__ | xargs rm -r || true
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ co:
     done
 
 coverage:
-	python selftest.py
+	python3 selftest.py
-	python setup.py test
+	python3 setup.py test
 	rm -r htmlcov || true
 	coverage report
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ doccheck:
 	$(MAKE) -C docs linkcheck || true
 
 docserve:
-	cd docs/_build/html && python -mSimpleHTTPServer 2> /dev/null&
+	cd docs/_build/html && python3 -mSimpleHTTPServer 2> /dev/null&
 
 help:
 	@echo "Welcome to Pillow development. Please use \`make <target>\` where <target> is one of"
@@ -50,22 +50,22 @@ help:
 	@echo "  upload-test        build and upload sdists to test.pythonpackages.com"
 
 inplace: clean
-	python setup.py develop build_ext --inplace
+	python3 setup.py develop build_ext --inplace
 
 install:
-	python setup.py install
+	python3 setup.py install
-	python selftest.py
+	python3 selftest.py
 
 install-coverage:
-	CFLAGS="-coverage" python setup.py build_ext install
+	CFLAGS="-coverage" python3 setup.py build_ext install
-	python selftest.py
+	python3 selftest.py
 
 debug:
 # make a debug version if we don't have a -dbg python. Leaves in symbols
 # for our stuff, kills optimization, and redirects to dev null so we
 # see any build failures.
 	make clean > /dev/null
-	CFLAGS='-g -O0' python setup.py build_ext install > /dev/null
+	CFLAGS='-g -O0' python3 setup.py build_ext install > /dev/null
 
 install-req:
 	pip install -r requirements.txt
@@ -76,17 +76,17 @@ install-venv:
 
 release-test:
 	$(MAKE) install-req
-	python setup.py develop
+	python3 setup.py develop
-	python selftest.py
+	python3 selftest.py
-	python -m pytest Tests
+	python3 -m pytest Tests
-	python setup.py install
+	python3 setup.py install
-	python -m pytest -qq
+	python3 -m pytest -qq
 	check-manifest
 	pyroma .
 	viewdoc
 
 sdist:
-	python setup.py sdist --format=gztar
+	python3 setup.py sdist --format=gztar
 
 test:
 	pytest -qq
@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ upload-test:
 #       username:
 #       password:
 #       repository = http://test.pythonpackages.com
-	python setup.py sdist --format=gztar upload -r test
+	python3 setup.py sdist --format=gztar upload -r test
 
 upload:
-	python setup.py sdist --format=gztar upload
+	python3 setup.py sdist --format=gztar upload
 
 readme:
 	viewdoc

README.rst

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Pillow is the friendly PIL fork by `Alex Clark and Contributors <https://github.
     * - docs
       - |docs|
     * - tests
-      - |linux| |macos| |windows| |coverage|
+      - |linux| |macos| |windows| |gha_lint| |gha| |gha_windows| |gha_docker| |coverage|
     * - package
       - |zenodo| |tidelift| |version| |downloads|
     * - social
@@ -60,6 +60,18 @@ To report a security vulnerability, please follow the procedure described in the
    :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow
    :alt: AppVeyor CI build status (Windows)
 
+.. |gha_lint| image:: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Lint/badge.svg
+   :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Lint)
+
+.. |gha_docker| image:: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20Docker/badge.svg
+   :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Test Docker)
+
+.. |gha| image:: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test/badge.svg
+   :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Test Linux and macOS)
+
+.. |gha_windows| image:: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20Windows/badge.svg
+   :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Test Windows)
+
 .. |coverage| image:: https://codecov.io/gh/python-pillow/Pillow/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
    :target: https://codecov.io/gh/python-pillow/Pillow
    :alt: Code coverage
@@ -67,7 +79,7 @@ To report a security vulnerability, please follow the procedure described in the
 .. |zenodo| image:: https://zenodo.org/badge/17549/python-pillow/Pillow.svg
    :target: https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/17549/python-pillow/Pillow
 
-.. |tidelift| image:: https://tidelift.com/badges/github/python-pillow/Pillow?style=flat
+.. |tidelift| image:: https://tidelift.com/badges/package/pypi/Pillow?style=flat
    :target: https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-pillow?utm_source=pypi-pillow&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=readme
 
 .. |version| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pillow.svg

RELEASING.md

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ Released as needed for security, installation or critical bug fixes.
   make sdist
   ```
 * [ ] Create [binary distributions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/master/RELEASING.md#binary-distributions)
+* [ ] Upload all binaries and source distributions e.g. `twine upload dist/Pillow-5.2.1*`
 * [ ] Create a [new release on GitHub](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases/new)
 
 ## Embargoed Release
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ Released as needed privately to individual vendors for critical security-related
   ```
 * [ ] Download distributions from the [Pillow Wheel Builder container](http://a365fff413fe338398b6-1c8a9b3114517dc5fe17b7c3f8c63a43.r19.cf2.rackcdn.com/).
   ```bash
-  wget -m -A 'Pillow-<VERSION>*' \
+  wget -m -A 'Pillow-<VERSION>-*' \
   http://a365fff413fe338398b6-1c8a9b3114517dc5fe17b7c3f8c63a43.r19.cf2.rackcdn.com
   ```
 

Tests/README.rst

@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ Run all the tests from the root of the Pillow source distribution::
 
 Or with coverage::
 
-    pytest --cov PIL --cov-report term
+    pytest --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term
     coverage html
     open htmlcov/index.html

Tests/bench_cffi_access.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import time
+import unittest
 
 from PIL import PyAccess
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, hopper, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase, hopper
 
 # Not running this test by default. No DOS against Travis CI.
 

Tests/bench_get.py

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-import sys
-import timeit
-
-from . import helper
-
-sys.path.insert(0, ".")
-
-
-def bench(mode):
-    im = helper.hopper(mode)
-    get = im.im.getpixel
-    xy = 50, 50  # position shouldn't really matter
-    t0 = timeit.default_timer()
-    for _ in range(1000000):
-        get(xy)
-    print(mode, timeit.default_timer() - t0, "us")
-
-
-bench("L")
-bench("I")
-bench("I;16")
-bench("F")
-bench("RGB")

Tests/check_fli_overflow.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+import unittest
+
 from PIL import Image
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase
 
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/fli_overflow.fli"
 
@@ -9,7 +11,7 @@ class TestFliOverflow(PillowTestCase):
     def test_fli_overflow(self):
 
         # this should not crash with a malloc error or access violation
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             im.load()
 
 

Tests/check_icns_dos.py

@@ -4,9 +4,5 @@
 from io import BytesIO
 
 from PIL import Image
-from PIL._util import py3
 
-if py3:
+Image.open(BytesIO(b"icns\x00\x00\x00\x10hang\x00\x00\x00\x00"))
-    Image.open(BytesIO(bytes("icns\x00\x00\x00\x10hang\x00\x00\x00\x00", "latin-1")))
-else:
-    Image.open(BytesIO(bytes("icns\x00\x00\x00\x10hang\x00\x00\x00\x00")))

Tests/check_imaging_leaks.py

@@ -1,18 +1,15 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-
+import unittest
-from __future__ import division
-
-import sys
 
 from PIL import Image
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase, is_win32
 
 min_iterations = 100
 max_iterations = 10000
 
 
-@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith("win32"), "requires Unix or macOS")
+@unittest.skipIf(is_win32(), "requires Unix or macOS")
 class TestImagingLeaks(PillowTestCase):
     def _get_mem_usage(self):
         from resource import getpagesize, getrusage, RUSAGE_SELF

Tests/check_j2k_dos.py

@@ -4,19 +4,5 @@
 from io import BytesIO
 
 from PIL import Image
-from PIL._util import py3
 
-if py3:
+Image.open(BytesIO(b"\x00\x00\x00\x0cjP\x20\x20\x0d\x0a\x87\x0a\x00\x00\x00\x00hang"))
-    Image.open(
-        BytesIO(
-            bytes(
-                "\x00\x00\x00\x0cjP\x20\x20\x0d\x0a\x87\x0a\x00\x00\x00\x00hang",
-                "latin-1",
-            )
-        )
-    )
-
-else:
-    Image.open(
-        BytesIO(bytes("\x00\x00\x00\x0cjP\x20\x20\x0d\x0a\x87\x0a\x00\x00\x00\x00hang"))
-    )

Tests/check_j2k_leaks.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-import sys
+import unittest
 from io import BytesIO
 
 from PIL import Image
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase, is_win32
 
 # Limits for testing the leak
 mem_limit = 1024 * 1048576
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ codecs = dir(Image.core)
 test_file = "Tests/images/rgb_trns_ycbc.jp2"
 
 
-@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith("win32"), "requires Unix or macOS")
+@unittest.skipIf(is_win32(), "requires Unix or macOS")
 class TestJpegLeaks(PillowTestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         if "jpeg2k_encoder" not in codecs or "jpeg2k_decoder" not in codecs:

Tests/check_j2k_overflow.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+import unittest
+
 from PIL import Image
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase
 
 
 class TestJ2kEncodeOverflow(PillowTestCase):

Tests/check_jpeg_leaks.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import sys
+import unittest
 from io import BytesIO
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, hopper, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase, hopper, is_win32
 
 iterations = 5000
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ valgrind --tool=massif python test-installed.py -s -v Tests/check_jpeg_leaks.py
 """
 
 
-@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith("win32"), "requires Unix or macOS")
+@unittest.skipIf(is_win32(), "requires Unix or macOS")
 class TestJpegLeaks(PillowTestCase):
 
     """

Tests/check_large_memory.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import sys
+import unittest
 
 from PIL import Image
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase
 
 # This test is not run automatically.
 #

Tests/check_large_memory_numpy.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import sys
+import unittest
 
 from PIL import Image
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase
 
 # This test is not run automatically.
 #

Tests/check_libtiff_segfault.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+import unittest
+
 from PIL import Image
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase
 
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/libtiff_segfault.tif"
 
@@ -12,7 +14,7 @@ class TestLibtiffSegfault(PillowTestCase):
             """
 
         with self.assertRaises(IOError):
-            im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+            with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
                 im.load()
 
 

Tests/check_png_dos.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
+import unittest
 import zlib
 from io import BytesIO
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageFile, PngImagePlugin
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase
 
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/png_decompression_dos.png"
 

Tests/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+def pytest_report_header(config):
+    import io
+
+    try:
+        from PIL import features
+
+        with io.StringIO() as out:
+            features.pilinfo(out=out, supported_formats=False)
+            return out.getvalue()
+    except Exception as e:
+        return "pytest_report_header failed: %s" % str(e)

Tests/createfontdatachunk.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import base64
 import os
 

Tests/helper.py

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 """
 Helper functions.
 """
-from __future__ import print_function
 
 import logging
 import os
+import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import unittest
+from io import BytesIO
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageMath
-from PIL._util import py3
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -22,12 +22,26 @@ if os.environ.get("SHOW_ERRORS", None):
     HAS_UPLOADER = True
 
     class test_image_results:
-        @classmethod
+        @staticmethod
-        def upload(self, a, b):
+        def upload(a, b):
             a.show()
             b.show()
 
 
+elif "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ:
+    HAS_UPLOADER = True
+
+    class test_image_results:
+        @staticmethod
+        def upload(a, b):
+            dir_errors = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "errors")
+            os.makedirs(dir_errors, exist_ok=True)
+            tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir=dir_errors)
+            a.save(os.path.join(tmpdir, "a.png"))
+            b.save(os.path.join(tmpdir, "b.png"))
+            return tmpdir
+
+
 else:
     try:
         import test_image_results
@@ -51,37 +65,22 @@ def convert_to_comparable(a, b):
 
 
 class PillowTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        unittest.TestCase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        # holds last result object passed to run method:
-        self.currentResult = None
-
-    def run(self, result=None):
-        self.currentResult = result  # remember result for use later
-        unittest.TestCase.run(self, result)  # call superclass run method
-
     def delete_tempfile(self, path):
-        try:
-            ok = self.currentResult.wasSuccessful()
-        except AttributeError:  # for pytest
-            ok = True
-
-        if ok:
-            # only clean out tempfiles if test passed
         try:
             os.remove(path)
         except OSError:
             pass  # report?
-        else:
-            print("=== orphaned temp file: %s" % path)
 
     def assert_deep_equal(self, a, b, msg=None):
         try:
             self.assertEqual(
-                len(a), len(b), msg or "got length %s, expected %s" % (len(a), len(b))
+                len(a),
+                len(b),
+                msg or "got length {}, expected {}".format(len(a), len(b)),
             )
             self.assertTrue(
-                all(x == y for x, y in zip(a, b)), msg or "got %s, expected %s" % (a, b)
+                all(x == y for x, y in zip(a, b)),
+                msg or "got {}, expected {}".format(a, b),
             )
         except Exception:
             self.assertEqual(a, b, msg)
@@ -89,20 +88,24 @@ class PillowTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def assert_image(self, im, mode, size, msg=None):
         if mode is not None:
             self.assertEqual(
-                im.mode, mode, msg or "got mode %r, expected %r" % (im.mode, mode)
+                im.mode,
+                mode,
+                msg or "got mode {!r}, expected {!r}".format(im.mode, mode),
             )
 
         if size is not None:
             self.assertEqual(
-                im.size, size, msg or "got size %r, expected %r" % (im.size, size)
+                im.size,
+                size,
+                msg or "got size {!r}, expected {!r}".format(im.size, size),
             )
 
     def assert_image_equal(self, a, b, msg=None):
         self.assertEqual(
-            a.mode, b.mode, msg or "got mode %r, expected %r" % (a.mode, b.mode)
+            a.mode, b.mode, msg or "got mode {!r}, expected {!r}".format(a.mode, b.mode)
         )
         self.assertEqual(
-            a.size, b.size, msg or "got size %r, expected %r" % (a.size, b.size)
+            a.size, b.size, msg or "got size {!r}, expected {!r}".format(a.size, b.size)
         )
         if a.tobytes() != b.tobytes():
             if HAS_UPLOADER:
@@ -123,10 +126,10 @@ class PillowTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def assert_image_similar(self, a, b, epsilon, msg=None):
         epsilon = float(epsilon)
         self.assertEqual(
-            a.mode, b.mode, msg or "got mode %r, expected %r" % (a.mode, b.mode)
+            a.mode, b.mode, msg or "got mode {!r}, expected {!r}".format(a.mode, b.mode)
         )
         self.assertEqual(
-            a.size, b.size, msg or "got size %r, expected %r" % (a.size, b.size)
+            a.size, b.size, msg or "got size {!r}, expected {!r}".format(a.size, b.size)
         )
 
         a, b = convert_to_comparable(a, b)
@@ -200,23 +203,12 @@ class PillowTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertTrue(value, msg + ": " + repr(actuals) + " != " + repr(targets))
 
-    def skipKnownBadTest(self, msg=None, platform=None, travis=None, interpreter=None):
+    def skipKnownBadTest(self, msg=None):
-        # Skip if platform/travis matches, and
+        # Skip if PILLOW_RUN_KNOWN_BAD is not true in the environment.
-        # PILLOW_RUN_KNOWN_BAD is not true in the environment.
         if os.environ.get("PILLOW_RUN_KNOWN_BAD", False):
             print(os.environ.get("PILLOW_RUN_KNOWN_BAD", False))
             return
 
-        skip = True
-        if platform is not None:
-            skip = sys.platform.startswith(platform)
-        if travis is not None:
-            skip = skip and (travis == bool(os.environ.get("TRAVIS", False)))
-        if interpreter is not None:
-            skip = skip and (
-                interpreter == "pypy" and hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info")
-            )
-        if skip:
         self.skipTest(msg or "Known Bad Test")
 
     def tempfile(self, template):
@@ -229,12 +221,12 @@ class PillowTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def open_withImagemagick(self, f):
         if not imagemagick_available():
-            raise IOError()
+            raise OSError()
 
         outfile = self.tempfile("temp.png")
         if command_succeeds([IMCONVERT, f, outfile]):
             return Image.open(outfile)
-        raise IOError()
+        raise OSError()
 
 
 @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith("win32"), "requires Unix or macOS")
@@ -277,21 +269,12 @@ class PillowLeakTestCase(PillowTestCase):
 
 # helpers
 
-if not py3:
-    # Remove DeprecationWarning in Python 3
-    PillowTestCase.assertRaisesRegex = PillowTestCase.assertRaisesRegexp
-    PillowTestCase.assertRegex = PillowTestCase.assertRegexpMatches
-
 
 def fromstring(data):
-    from io import BytesIO
-
     return Image.open(BytesIO(data))
 
 
 def tostring(im, string_format, **options):
-    from io import BytesIO
-
     out = BytesIO()
     im.save(out, string_format, **options)
     return out.getvalue()
@@ -323,11 +306,8 @@ def command_succeeds(cmd):
     Runs the command, which must be a list of strings. Returns True if the
     command succeeds, or False if an OSError was raised by subprocess.Popen.
     """
-    import subprocess
-
-    with open(os.devnull, "wb") as f:
     try:
-            subprocess.call(cmd, stdout=f, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+        subprocess.call(cmd, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
     except OSError:
         return False
     return True
@@ -355,6 +335,27 @@ def on_appveyor():
     return "APPVEYOR" in os.environ
 
 
+def on_github_actions():
+    return "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ
+
+
+def on_ci():
+    # Travis and AppVeyor have "CI"
+    # Azure Pipelines has "TF_BUILD"
+    # GitHub Actions has "GITHUB_ACTIONS"
+    return (
+        "CI" in os.environ or "TF_BUILD" in os.environ or "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ
+    )
+
+
+def is_win32():
+    return sys.platform.startswith("win32")
+
+
+def is_pypy():
+    return hasattr(sys, "pypy_translation_info")
+
+
 if sys.platform == "win32":
     IMCONVERT = os.environ.get("MAGICK_HOME", "")
     if IMCONVERT:
@@ -371,7 +372,7 @@ def distro():
                     return line.strip().split("=")[1]
 
 
-class cached_property(object):
+class cached_property:
     def __init__(self, func):
         self.func = func
 

Tests/import_all.py

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
-import glob
-import os
-import sys
-import traceback
-
-sys.path.insert(0, ".")
-
-for file in glob.glob("src/PIL/*.py"):
-    module = os.path.basename(file)[:-3]
-    try:
-        exec("from PIL import " + module)
-    except (ImportError, SyntaxError):
-        print("===", "failed to import", module)
-        traceback.print_exc()

Tests/make_hash.py

@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-# brute-force search for access descriptor hash table
-
-from __future__ import print_function
-
-modes = [
-    "1",
-    "L",
-    "LA",
-    "La",
-    "I",
-    "I;16",
-    "I;16L",
-    "I;16B",
-    "I;32L",
-    "I;32B",
-    "F",
-    "P",
-    "PA",
-    "RGB",
-    "RGBA",
-    "RGBa",
-    "RGBX",
-    "CMYK",
-    "YCbCr",
-    "LAB",
-    "HSV",
-]
-
-
-def hash(s, i):
-    # djb2 hash: multiply by 33 and xor character
-    for c in s:
-        i = (((i << 5) + i) ^ ord(c)) & 0xFFFFFFFF
-    return i
-
-
-def check(size, i0):
-    h = [None] * size
-    for m in modes:
-        i = hash(m, i0)
-        i = i % size
-        if h[i]:
-            return 0
-        h[i] = m
-    return h
-
-
-min_start = 0
-
-# 1) find the smallest table size with no collisions
-for min_size in range(len(modes), 16384):
-    if check(min_size, 0):
-        print(len(modes), "modes fit in", min_size, "slots")
-        break
-
-# 2) see if we can do better with a different initial value
-for i0 in range(65556):
-    for size in range(1, min_size):
-        if check(size, i0):
-            if size < min_size:
-                print(len(modes), "modes fit in", size, "slots with start", i0)
-                min_size = size
-                min_start = i0
-
-print()
-
-print("#define ACCESS_TABLE_SIZE", min_size)
-print("#define ACCESS_TABLE_HASH", min_start)

Tests/test_bmp_reference.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import os
 
 from PIL import Image
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ class TestBmpReference(PillowTestCase):
 
             def open(f):
                 try:
-                    im = Image.open(f)
+                    with Image.open(f) as im:
                         im.load()
                 except Exception:  # as msg:
                     pass
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ class TestBmpReference(PillowTestCase):
         ]
         for f in self.get_files("q"):
             try:
-                im = Image.open(f)
+                with Image.open(f) as im:
                     im.load()
                 if os.path.basename(f) not in supported:
                     print("Please add %s to the partially supported bmp specs." % f)
@@ -89,9 +87,9 @@ class TestBmpReference(PillowTestCase):
 
         for f in self.get_files("g"):
             try:
-                im = Image.open(f)
+                with Image.open(f) as im:
                     im.load()
-                compare = Image.open(get_compare(f))
+                    with Image.open(get_compare(f)) as compare:
                         compare.load()
                         if im.mode == "P":
                             # assert image similar doesn't really work
@@ -109,4 +107,4 @@ class TestBmpReference(PillowTestCase):
                     os.path.join(base, "g", "pal4rle.bmp"),
                 )
                 if f not in unsupported:
-                    self.fail("Unsupported Image %s: %s" % (f, msg))
+                    self.fail("Unsupported Image {}: {}".format(f, msg))

Tests/test_color_lut.py

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-from __future__ import division
+import unittest
-
 from array import array
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageFilter
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase
 
 try:
     import numpy

Tests/test_core_resources.py

@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
-from __future__ import division, print_function
-
 import sys
+import unittest
 
 from PIL import Image
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase, is_pypy
-
-is_pypy = hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info")
 
 
 class TestCoreStats(PillowTestCase):
@@ -87,7 +84,7 @@ class TestCoreMemory(PillowTestCase):
         stats = Image.core.get_stats()
         self.assertGreaterEqual(stats["new_count"], 1)
         self.assertGreaterEqual(stats["allocated_blocks"], 64)
-        if not is_pypy:
+        if not is_pypy():
             self.assertGreaterEqual(stats["freed_blocks"], 64)
 
     def test_get_blocks_max(self):
@@ -108,7 +105,7 @@ class TestCoreMemory(PillowTestCase):
         if sys.maxsize < 2 ** 32:
             self.assertRaises(ValueError, Image.core.set_blocks_max, 2 ** 29)
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(is_pypy, "images are not collected")
+    @unittest.skipIf(is_pypy(), "images are not collected")
     def test_set_blocks_max_stats(self):
         Image.core.reset_stats()
         Image.core.set_blocks_max(128)
@@ -123,7 +120,7 @@ class TestCoreMemory(PillowTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(stats["freed_blocks"], 0)
         self.assertEqual(stats["blocks_cached"], 64)
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(is_pypy, "images are not collected")
+    @unittest.skipIf(is_pypy(), "images are not collected")
     def test_clear_cache_stats(self):
         Image.core.reset_stats()
         Image.core.clear_cache()
@@ -153,7 +150,7 @@ class TestCoreMemory(PillowTestCase):
         self.assertGreaterEqual(stats["allocated_blocks"], 16)
         self.assertGreaterEqual(stats["reused_blocks"], 0)
         self.assertEqual(stats["blocks_cached"], 0)
-        if not is_pypy:
+        if not is_pypy():
             self.assertGreaterEqual(stats["freed_blocks"], 16)
 
 

Tests/test_decompression_bomb.py

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ class TestDecompressionBomb(PillowTestCase):
     def test_no_warning_small_file(self):
         # Implicit assert: no warning.
         # A warning would cause a failure.
-        Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE):
+            pass
 
     def test_no_warning_no_limit(self):
         # Arrange
@@ -25,26 +26,42 @@ class TestDecompressionBomb(PillowTestCase):
         # Act / Assert
         # Implicit assert: no warning.
         # A warning would cause a failure.
-        Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE):
+            pass
 
     def test_warning(self):
         # Set limit to trigger warning on the test file
         Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = 128 * 128 - 1
         self.assertEqual(Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS, 128 * 128 - 1)
 
-        self.assert_warning(Image.DecompressionBombWarning, Image.open, TEST_FILE)
+        def open():
+            with Image.open(TEST_FILE):
+                pass
+
+        self.assert_warning(Image.DecompressionBombWarning, open)
 
     def test_exception(self):
         # Set limit to trigger exception on the test file
         Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = 64 * 128 - 1
         self.assertEqual(Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS, 64 * 128 - 1)
 
-        self.assertRaises(Image.DecompressionBombError, lambda: Image.open(TEST_FILE))
+        with self.assertRaises(Image.DecompressionBombError):
+            with Image.open(TEST_FILE):
+                pass
+
+    def test_exception_ico(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(Image.DecompressionBombError):
+            Image.open("Tests/images/decompression_bomb.ico")
+
+    def test_exception_gif(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(Image.DecompressionBombError):
+            Image.open("Tests/images/decompression_bomb.gif")
 
 
 class TestDecompressionCrop(PillowTestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.src = hopper()
+        self.addCleanup(self.src.close)
         Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = self.src.height * self.src.width * 4 - 1
 
     def tearDown(self):

Tests/test_features.py

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import io
+import unittest
 
 from PIL import features
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase
 
 try:
     from PIL import _webp
@@ -70,11 +69,14 @@ class TestFeatures(PillowTestCase):
         lines = out.splitlines()
         self.assertEqual(lines[0], "-" * 68)
         self.assertTrue(lines[1].startswith("Pillow "))
-        self.assertEqual(lines[2], "-" * 68)
+        self.assertTrue(lines[2].startswith("Python "))
-        self.assertTrue(lines[3].startswith("Python modules loaded from "))
+        lines = lines[3:]
-        self.assertTrue(lines[4].startswith("Binary modules loaded from "))
+        while lines[0].startswith("    "):
-        self.assertEqual(lines[5], "-" * 68)
+            lines = lines[1:]
-        self.assertTrue(lines[6].startswith("Python "))
+        self.assertEqual(lines[0], "-" * 68)
+        self.assertTrue(lines[1].startswith("Python modules loaded from "))
+        self.assertTrue(lines[2].startswith("Binary modules loaded from "))
+        self.assertEqual(lines[3], "-" * 68)
         jpeg = (
             "\n"
             + "-" * 68

Tests/test_file_blp.py

@@ -5,16 +5,16 @@ from .helper import PillowTestCase
 
 class TestFileBlp(PillowTestCase):
     def test_load_blp2_raw(self):
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp2_raw.blp")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp2_raw.blp") as im:
-        target = Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp2_raw.png")
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp2_raw.png") as target:
                 self.assert_image_equal(im, target)
 
     def test_load_blp2_dxt1(self):
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp2_dxt1.blp")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp2_dxt1.blp") as im:
-        target = Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp2_dxt1.png")
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp2_dxt1.png") as target:
                 self.assert_image_equal(im, target)
 
     def test_load_blp2_dxt1a(self):
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp2_dxt1a.blp")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp2_dxt1a.blp") as im:
-        target = Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp2_dxt1a.png")
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp2_dxt1a.png") as target:
                 self.assert_image_equal(im, target)

Tests/test_file_bmp.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class TestFileBmp(PillowTestCase):
 
         im.save(outfile, "BMP")
 
-        reloaded = Image.open(outfile)
+        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
             reloaded.load()
             self.assertEqual(im.mode, reloaded.mode)
             self.assertEqual(im.size, reloaded.size)
@@ -36,35 +36,40 @@ class TestFileBmp(PillowTestCase):
         im.save(output, "BMP")
 
         output.seek(0)
-        reloaded = Image.open(output)
+        with Image.open(output) as reloaded:
-
             self.assertEqual(im.mode, reloaded.mode)
             self.assertEqual(im.size, reloaded.size)
             self.assertEqual(reloaded.format, "BMP")
 
+    def test_save_too_large(self):
+        outfile = self.tempfile("temp.bmp")
+        with Image.new("RGB", (1, 1)) as im:
+            im._size = (37838, 37838)
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                im.save(outfile)
+
     def test_dpi(self):
         dpi = (72, 72)
 
         output = io.BytesIO()
-        im = hopper()
+        with hopper() as im:
             im.save(output, "BMP", dpi=dpi)
 
         output.seek(0)
-        reloaded = Image.open(output)
+        with Image.open(output) as reloaded:
-
             self.assertEqual(reloaded.info["dpi"], dpi)
 
     def test_save_bmp_with_dpi(self):
         # Test for #1301
         # Arrange
         outfile = self.tempfile("temp.jpg")
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.bmp")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.bmp") as im:
 
             # Act
             im.save(outfile, "JPEG", dpi=im.info["dpi"])
 
             # Assert
-        reloaded = Image.open(outfile)
+            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
                 reloaded.load()
                 self.assertEqual(im.info["dpi"], reloaded.info["dpi"])
                 self.assertEqual(im.size, reloaded.size)
@@ -72,41 +77,40 @@ class TestFileBmp(PillowTestCase):
 
     def test_load_dpi_rounding(self):
         # Round up
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.bmp")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.bmp") as im:
             self.assertEqual(im.info["dpi"], (96, 96))
 
         # Round down
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_roundDown.bmp")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_roundDown.bmp") as im:
             self.assertEqual(im.info["dpi"], (72, 72))
 
     def test_save_dpi_rounding(self):
         outfile = self.tempfile("temp.bmp")
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.bmp")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.bmp") as im:
-
             im.save(outfile, dpi=(72.2, 72.2))
-        reloaded = Image.open(outfile)
+            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
                 self.assertEqual(reloaded.info["dpi"], (72, 72))
 
             im.save(outfile, dpi=(72.8, 72.8))
-        reloaded = Image.open(outfile)
+        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
             self.assertEqual(reloaded.info["dpi"], (73, 73))
 
     def test_load_dib(self):
         # test for #1293, Imagegrab returning Unsupported Bitfields Format
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/clipboard.dib")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/clipboard.dib") as im:
             self.assertEqual(im.format, "DIB")
             self.assertEqual(im.get_format_mimetype(), "image/bmp")
 
-        target = Image.open("Tests/images/clipboard_target.png")
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/clipboard_target.png") as target:
                 self.assert_image_equal(im, target)
 
     def test_save_dib(self):
         outfile = self.tempfile("temp.dib")
 
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/clipboard.dib")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/clipboard.dib") as im:
             im.save(outfile)
 
-        reloaded = Image.open(outfile)
+            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
                 self.assertEqual(reloaded.format, "DIB")
                 self.assertEqual(reloaded.get_format_mimetype(), "image/bmp")
                 self.assert_image_equal(im, reloaded)
@@ -114,11 +118,11 @@ class TestFileBmp(PillowTestCase):
     def test_rgba_bitfields(self):
         # This test image has been manually hexedited
         # to change the bitfield compression in the header from XBGR to RGBA
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/rgb32bf-rgba.bmp")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/rgb32bf-rgba.bmp") as im:
 
             # So before the comparing the image, swap the channels
             b, g, r = im.split()[1:]
             im = Image.merge("RGB", (r, g, b))
 
-        target = Image.open("Tests/images/bmp/q/rgb32bf-xbgr.bmp")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/bmp/q/rgb32bf-xbgr.bmp") as target:
             self.assert_image_equal(im, target)

Tests/test_file_bufrstub.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/gfs.t06z.rassda.tm00.bufr_d"
 class TestFileBufrStub(PillowTestCase):
     def test_open(self):
         # Act
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
 
             # Assert
             self.assertEqual(im.format, "BUFR")
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class TestFileBufrStub(PillowTestCase):
 
     def test_load(self):
         # Arrange
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
 
             # Act / Assert: stub cannot load without an implemented handler
             self.assertRaises(IOError, im.load)

Tests/test_file_container.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class TestFileContainer(PillowTestCase):
         dir(ContainerIO)
 
     def test_isatty(self):
-        im = hopper()
+        with hopper() as im:
             container = ContainerIO.ContainerIO(im, 0, 0)
 
         self.assertFalse(container.isatty())

Tests/test_file_cur.py

@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/deerstalker.cur"
 
 class TestFileCur(PillowTestCase):
     def test_sanity(self):
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
-
             self.assertEqual(im.size, (32, 32))
             self.assertIsInstance(im, CurImagePlugin.CurImageFile)
             # Check some pixel colors to ensure image is loaded properly

Tests/test_file_dcx.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+import unittest
+
 from PIL import DcxImagePlugin, Image
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, hopper
+from .helper import PillowTestCase, hopper, is_pypy
 
 # Created with ImageMagick: convert hopper.ppm hopper.dcx
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/hopper.dcx"
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@ class TestFileDcx(PillowTestCase):
         # Arrange
 
         # Act
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
 
             # Assert
             self.assertEqual(im.size, (128, 128))
@@ -19,11 +21,27 @@ class TestFileDcx(PillowTestCase):
             orig = hopper()
             self.assert_image_equal(im, orig)
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(is_pypy(), "Requires CPython")
     def test_unclosed_file(self):
         def open():
             im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
             im.load()
 
+        self.assert_warning(ResourceWarning, open)
+
+    def test_closed_file(self):
+        def open():
+            im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+            im.load()
+            im.close()
+
+        self.assert_warning(None, open)
+
+    def test_context_manager(self):
+        def open():
+            with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
+                im.load()
+
         self.assert_warning(None, open)
 
     def test_invalid_file(self):
@@ -32,7 +50,7 @@ class TestFileDcx(PillowTestCase):
 
     def test_tell(self):
         # Arrange
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
 
             # Act
             frame = im.tell()
@@ -41,12 +59,12 @@ class TestFileDcx(PillowTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(frame, 0)
 
     def test_n_frames(self):
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             self.assertEqual(im.n_frames, 1)
             self.assertFalse(im.is_animated)
 
     def test_eoferror(self):
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             n_frames = im.n_frames
 
             # Test seeking past the last frame
@@ -58,7 +76,7 @@ class TestFileDcx(PillowTestCase):
 
     def test_seek_too_far(self):
         # Arrange
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             frame = 999  # too big on purpose
 
         # Act / Assert

Tests/test_file_dds.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ TEST_FILE_DXT1 = "Tests/images/dxt1-rgb-4bbp-noalpha_MipMaps-1.dds"
 TEST_FILE_DXT3 = "Tests/images/dxt3-argb-8bbp-explicitalpha_MipMaps-1.dds"
 TEST_FILE_DXT5 = "Tests/images/dxt5-argb-8bbp-interpolatedalpha_MipMaps-1.dds"
 TEST_FILE_DX10_BC7 = "Tests/images/bc7-argb-8bpp_MipMaps-1.dds"
+TEST_FILE_DX10_BC7_UNORM_SRGB = "Tests/images/DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_SRGB.dds"
 TEST_FILE_UNCOMPRESSED_RGB = "Tests/images/uncompressed_rgb.dds"
 
 
@@ -16,37 +17,35 @@ class TestFileDds(PillowTestCase):
 
     def test_sanity_dxt1(self):
         """Check DXT1 images can be opened"""
-        target = Image.open(TEST_FILE_DXT1.replace(".dds", ".png"))
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE_DXT1.replace(".dds", ".png")) as target:
-
+            target = target.convert("RGBA")
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE_DXT1)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE_DXT1) as im:
             im.load()
 
             self.assertEqual(im.format, "DDS")
             self.assertEqual(im.mode, "RGBA")
             self.assertEqual(im.size, (256, 256))
 
-        self.assert_image_equal(target.convert("RGBA"), im)
+            self.assert_image_equal(im, target)
 
     def test_sanity_dxt5(self):
         """Check DXT5 images can be opened"""
 
-        target = Image.open(TEST_FILE_DXT5.replace(".dds", ".png"))
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE_DXT5) as im:
-
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE_DXT5)
             im.load()
 
         self.assertEqual(im.format, "DDS")
         self.assertEqual(im.mode, "RGBA")
         self.assertEqual(im.size, (256, 256))
 
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE_DXT5.replace(".dds", ".png")) as target:
             self.assert_image_equal(target, im)
 
     def test_sanity_dxt3(self):
         """Check DXT3 images can be opened"""
 
-        target = Image.open(TEST_FILE_DXT3.replace(".dds", ".png"))
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE_DXT3.replace(".dds", ".png")) as target:
-
+            with Image.open(TEST_FILE_DXT3) as im:
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE_DXT3)
                 im.load()
 
                 self.assertEqual(im.format, "DDS")
@@ -58,15 +57,30 @@ class TestFileDds(PillowTestCase):
     def test_dx10_bc7(self):
         """Check DX10 images can be opened"""
 
-        target = Image.open(TEST_FILE_DX10_BC7.replace(".dds", ".png"))
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE_DX10_BC7) as im:
-
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE_DX10_BC7)
             im.load()
 
             self.assertEqual(im.format, "DDS")
             self.assertEqual(im.mode, "RGBA")
             self.assertEqual(im.size, (256, 256))
 
+            with Image.open(TEST_FILE_DX10_BC7.replace(".dds", ".png")) as target:
+                self.assert_image_equal(target, im)
+
+    def test_dx10_bc7_unorm_srgb(self):
+        """Check DX10 unsigned normalized integer images can be opened"""
+
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE_DX10_BC7_UNORM_SRGB) as im:
+            im.load()
+
+            self.assertEqual(im.format, "DDS")
+            self.assertEqual(im.mode, "RGBA")
+            self.assertEqual(im.size, (16, 16))
+            self.assertEqual(im.info["gamma"], 1 / 2.2)
+
+            with Image.open(
+                TEST_FILE_DX10_BC7_UNORM_SRGB.replace(".dds", ".png")
+            ) as target:
                 self.assert_image_equal(target, im)
 
     def test_unimplemented_dxgi_format(self):
@@ -79,15 +93,16 @@ class TestFileDds(PillowTestCase):
     def test_uncompressed_rgb(self):
         """Check uncompressed RGB images can be opened"""
 
-        target = Image.open(TEST_FILE_UNCOMPRESSED_RGB.replace(".dds", ".png"))
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE_UNCOMPRESSED_RGB) as im:
-
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE_UNCOMPRESSED_RGB)
             im.load()
 
             self.assertEqual(im.format, "DDS")
             self.assertEqual(im.mode, "RGBA")
             self.assertEqual(im.size, (800, 600))
 
+            with Image.open(
+                TEST_FILE_UNCOMPRESSED_RGB.replace(".dds", ".png")
+            ) as target:
                 self.assert_image_equal(target, im)
 
     def test__validate_true(self):
@@ -129,7 +144,7 @@ class TestFileDds(PillowTestCase):
             img_file = f.read()
 
         def short_file():
-            im = Image.open(BytesIO(img_file[:-100]))
+            with Image.open(BytesIO(img_file[:-100])) as im:
                 im.load()
 
         self.assertRaises(IOError, short_file)

Tests/test_file_eps.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import io
+import unittest
 
 from PIL import EpsImagePlugin, Image
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, hopper, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase, hopper
 
 HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT = EpsImagePlugin.has_ghostscript()
 
@@ -25,26 +26,26 @@ class TestFileEps(PillowTestCase):
     @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, "Ghostscript not available")
     def test_sanity(self):
         # Regular scale
-        image1 = Image.open(file1)
+        with Image.open(file1) as image1:
             image1.load()
             self.assertEqual(image1.mode, "RGB")
             self.assertEqual(image1.size, (460, 352))
             self.assertEqual(image1.format, "EPS")
 
-        image2 = Image.open(file2)
+        with Image.open(file2) as image2:
             image2.load()
             self.assertEqual(image2.mode, "RGB")
             self.assertEqual(image2.size, (360, 252))
             self.assertEqual(image2.format, "EPS")
 
         # Double scale
-        image1_scale2 = Image.open(file1)
+        with Image.open(file1) as image1_scale2:
             image1_scale2.load(scale=2)
             self.assertEqual(image1_scale2.mode, "RGB")
             self.assertEqual(image1_scale2.size, (920, 704))
             self.assertEqual(image1_scale2.format, "EPS")
 
-        image2_scale2 = Image.open(file2)
+        with Image.open(file2) as image2_scale2:
             image2_scale2.load(scale=2)
             self.assertEqual(image2_scale2.mode, "RGB")
             self.assertEqual(image2_scale2.size, (720, 504))
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ class TestFileEps(PillowTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, "Ghostscript not available")
     def test_cmyk(self):
-        cmyk_image = Image.open("Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.eps")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.eps") as cmyk_image:
 
             self.assertEqual(cmyk_image.mode, "CMYK")
             self.assertEqual(cmyk_image.size, (100, 100))
@@ -67,15 +68,14 @@ class TestFileEps(PillowTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(cmyk_image.mode, "RGB")
 
             if "jpeg_decoder" in dir(Image.core):
-            target = Image.open("Tests/images/pil_sample_rgb.jpg")
+                with Image.open("Tests/images/pil_sample_rgb.jpg") as target:
                     self.assert_image_similar(cmyk_image, target, 10)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, "Ghostscript not available")
     def test_showpage(self):
         # See https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/2615
-        plot_image = Image.open("Tests/images/reqd_showpage.eps")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/reqd_showpage.eps") as plot_image:
-        target = Image.open("Tests/images/reqd_showpage.png")
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/reqd_showpage.png") as target:
-
                 # should not crash/hang
                 plot_image.load()
                 #  fonts could be slightly different
@@ -84,15 +84,15 @@ class TestFileEps(PillowTestCase):
     @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, "Ghostscript not available")
     def test_file_object(self):
         # issue 479
-        image1 = Image.open(file1)
+        with Image.open(file1) as image1:
             with open(self.tempfile("temp_file.eps"), "wb") as fh:
                 image1.save(fh, "EPS")
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, "Ghostscript not available")
     def test_iobase_object(self):
         # issue 479
-        image1 = Image.open(file1)
+        with Image.open(file1) as image1:
-        with io.open(self.tempfile("temp_iobase.eps"), "wb") as fh:
+            with open(self.tempfile("temp_iobase.eps"), "wb") as fh:
                 image1.save(fh, "EPS")
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, "Ghostscript not available")
@@ -100,10 +100,11 @@ class TestFileEps(PillowTestCase):
         with open(file1, "rb") as f:
             img_bytes = io.BytesIO(f.read())
 
-        img = Image.open(img_bytes)
+        with Image.open(img_bytes) as img:
             img.load()
 
-        image1_scale1_compare = Image.open(file1_compare).convert("RGB")
+            with Image.open(file1_compare) as image1_scale1_compare:
+                image1_scale1_compare = image1_scale1_compare.convert("RGB")
             image1_scale1_compare.load()
             self.assert_image_similar(img, image1_scale1_compare, 5)
 
@@ -120,16 +121,18 @@ class TestFileEps(PillowTestCase):
             self.skipTest("zip/deflate support not available")
 
         # Zero bounding box
-        image1_scale1 = Image.open(file1)
+        with Image.open(file1) as image1_scale1:
             image1_scale1.load()
-        image1_scale1_compare = Image.open(file1_compare).convert("RGB")
+            with Image.open(file1_compare) as image1_scale1_compare:
+                image1_scale1_compare = image1_scale1_compare.convert("RGB")
             image1_scale1_compare.load()
             self.assert_image_similar(image1_scale1, image1_scale1_compare, 5)
 
         # Non-Zero bounding box
-        image2_scale1 = Image.open(file2)
+        with Image.open(file2) as image2_scale1:
             image2_scale1.load()
-        image2_scale1_compare = Image.open(file2_compare).convert("RGB")
+            with Image.open(file2_compare) as image2_scale1_compare:
+                image2_scale1_compare = image2_scale1_compare.convert("RGB")
             image2_scale1_compare.load()
             self.assert_image_similar(image2_scale1, image2_scale1_compare, 10)
 
@@ -141,57 +144,46 @@ class TestFileEps(PillowTestCase):
             self.skipTest("zip/deflate support not available")
 
         # Zero bounding box
-        image1_scale2 = Image.open(file1)
+        with Image.open(file1) as image1_scale2:
             image1_scale2.load(scale=2)
-        image1_scale2_compare = Image.open(file1_compare_scale2).convert("RGB")
+            with Image.open(file1_compare_scale2) as image1_scale2_compare:
+                image1_scale2_compare = image1_scale2_compare.convert("RGB")
             image1_scale2_compare.load()
             self.assert_image_similar(image1_scale2, image1_scale2_compare, 5)
 
         # Non-Zero bounding box
-        image2_scale2 = Image.open(file2)
+        with Image.open(file2) as image2_scale2:
             image2_scale2.load(scale=2)
-        image2_scale2_compare = Image.open(file2_compare_scale2).convert("RGB")
+            with Image.open(file2_compare_scale2) as image2_scale2_compare:
+                image2_scale2_compare = image2_scale2_compare.convert("RGB")
             image2_scale2_compare.load()
             self.assert_image_similar(image2_scale2, image2_scale2_compare, 10)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, "Ghostscript not available")
     def test_resize(self):
-        # Arrange
+        files = [file1, file2, "Tests/images/illu10_preview.eps"]
-        image1 = Image.open(file1)
+        for fn in files:
-        image2 = Image.open(file2)
+            with Image.open(fn) as im:
-        image3 = Image.open("Tests/images/illu10_preview.eps")
                 new_size = (100, 100)
-
+                im = im.resize(new_size)
-        # Act
+                self.assertEqual(im.size, new_size)
-        image1 = image1.resize(new_size)
-        image2 = image2.resize(new_size)
-        image3 = image3.resize(new_size)
-
-        # Assert
-        self.assertEqual(image1.size, new_size)
-        self.assertEqual(image2.size, new_size)
-        self.assertEqual(image3.size, new_size)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, "Ghostscript not available")
     def test_thumbnail(self):
         # Issue #619
         # Arrange
-        image1 = Image.open(file1)
+        files = [file1, file2]
-        image2 = Image.open(file2)
+        for fn in files:
+            with Image.open(file1) as im:
                 new_size = (100, 100)
-
+                im.thumbnail(new_size)
-        # Act
+                self.assertEqual(max(im.size), max(new_size))
-        image1.thumbnail(new_size)
-        image2.thumbnail(new_size)
-
-        # Assert
-        self.assertEqual(max(image1.size), max(new_size))
-        self.assertEqual(max(image2.size), max(new_size))
 
     def test_read_binary_preview(self):
         # Issue 302
         # open image with binary preview
-        Image.open(file3)
+        with Image.open(file3):
+            pass
 
     def _test_readline(self, t, ending):
         ending = "Failure with line ending: %s" % (
@@ -239,7 +231,7 @@ class TestFileEps(PillowTestCase):
 
         # Act / Assert
         for filename in FILES:
-            img = Image.open(filename)
+            with Image.open(filename) as img:
                 self.assertEqual(img.mode, "RGB")
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, "Ghostscript not available")
@@ -247,7 +239,7 @@ class TestFileEps(PillowTestCase):
         # Test file includes an empty line in the header data
         emptyline_file = "Tests/images/zero_bb_emptyline.eps"
 
-        image = Image.open(emptyline_file)
+        with Image.open(emptyline_file) as image:
             image.load()
         self.assertEqual(image.mode, "RGB")
         self.assertEqual(image.size, (460, 352))

Tests/test_file_fitsstub.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/hopper.fits"
 class TestFileFitsStub(PillowTestCase):
     def test_open(self):
         # Act
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
 
             # Assert
             self.assertEqual(im.format, "FITS")
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ class TestFileFitsStub(PillowTestCase):
 
     def test_load(self):
         # Arrange
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
 
             # Act / Assert: stub cannot load without an implemented handler
             self.assertRaises(IOError, im.load)
 
     def test_save(self):
         # Arrange
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             dummy_fp = None
             dummy_filename = "dummy.filename"
 

Tests/test_file_fli.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+import unittest
+
 from PIL import FliImagePlugin, Image
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase
+from .helper import PillowTestCase, is_pypy
 
 # created as an export of a palette image from Gimp2.6
 # save as...-> hopper.fli, default options.
@@ -12,30 +14,46 @@ animated_test_file = "Tests/images/a.fli"
 
 class TestFileFli(PillowTestCase):
     def test_sanity(self):
-        im = Image.open(static_test_file)
+        with Image.open(static_test_file) as im:
             im.load()
             self.assertEqual(im.mode, "P")
             self.assertEqual(im.size, (128, 128))
             self.assertEqual(im.format, "FLI")
             self.assertFalse(im.is_animated)
 
-        im = Image.open(animated_test_file)
+        with Image.open(animated_test_file) as im:
             self.assertEqual(im.mode, "P")
             self.assertEqual(im.size, (320, 200))
             self.assertEqual(im.format, "FLI")
             self.assertEqual(im.info["duration"], 71)
             self.assertTrue(im.is_animated)
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(is_pypy(), "Requires CPython")
     def test_unclosed_file(self):
         def open():
             im = Image.open(static_test_file)
             im.load()
 
+        self.assert_warning(ResourceWarning, open)
+
+    def test_closed_file(self):
+        def open():
+            im = Image.open(static_test_file)
+            im.load()
+            im.close()
+
+        self.assert_warning(None, open)
+
+    def test_context_manager(self):
+        def open():
+            with Image.open(static_test_file) as im:
+                im.load()
+
         self.assert_warning(None, open)
 
     def test_tell(self):
         # Arrange
-        im = Image.open(static_test_file)
+        with Image.open(static_test_file) as im:
 
             # Act
             frame = im.tell()
@@ -49,16 +67,16 @@ class TestFileFli(PillowTestCase):
         self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, FliImagePlugin.FliImageFile, invalid_file)
 
     def test_n_frames(self):
-        im = Image.open(static_test_file)
+        with Image.open(static_test_file) as im:
             self.assertEqual(im.n_frames, 1)
             self.assertFalse(im.is_animated)
 
-        im = Image.open(animated_test_file)
+        with Image.open(animated_test_file) as im:
             self.assertEqual(im.n_frames, 384)
             self.assertTrue(im.is_animated)
 
     def test_eoferror(self):
-        im = Image.open(animated_test_file)
+        with Image.open(animated_test_file) as im:
             n_frames = im.n_frames
 
             # Test seeking past the last frame
@@ -69,7 +87,7 @@ class TestFileFli(PillowTestCase):
             im.seek(n_frames - 1)
 
     def test_seek_tell(self):
-        im = Image.open(animated_test_file)
+        with Image.open(animated_test_file) as im:
 
             layer_number = im.tell()
             self.assertEqual(layer_number, 0)
@@ -91,8 +109,8 @@ class TestFileFli(PillowTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(layer_number, 1)
 
     def test_seek(self):
-        im = Image.open(animated_test_file)
+        with Image.open(animated_test_file) as im:
             im.seek(50)
 
-        expected = Image.open("Tests/images/a_fli.png")
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/a_fli.png") as expected:
                 self.assert_image_equal(im, expected)

Tests/test_file_fpx.py

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, unittest
+import unittest
+
+from .helper import PillowTestCase
 
 try:
     from PIL import FpxImagePlugin

Tests/test_file_ftex.py

@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@ from .helper import PillowTestCase
 
 class TestFileFtex(PillowTestCase):
     def test_load_raw(self):
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/ftex_uncompressed.ftu")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/ftex_uncompressed.ftu") as im:
-        target = Image.open("Tests/images/ftex_uncompressed.png")
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/ftex_uncompressed.png") as target:
-
                 self.assert_image_equal(im, target)
 
     def test_load_dxt1(self):
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/ftex_dxt1.ftc")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/ftex_dxt1.ftc") as im:
-        target = Image.open("Tests/images/ftex_dxt1.png")
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/ftex_dxt1.png") as target:
                 self.assert_image_similar(im, target.convert("RGBA"), 15)

Tests/test_file_gbr.py

@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ class TestFileGbr(PillowTestCase):
         self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, GbrImagePlugin.GbrImageFile, invalid_file)
 
     def test_gbr_file(self):
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/gbr.gbr")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/gbr.gbr") as im:
-
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/gbr.png") as target:
-        target = Image.open("Tests/images/gbr.png")
-
                 self.assert_image_equal(target, im)

Tests/test_file_gd.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from PIL import GdImageFile
+from PIL import GdImageFile, UnidentifiedImageError
 
 from .helper import PillowTestCase
 
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ TEST_GD_FILE = "Tests/images/hopper.gd"
 
 class TestFileGd(PillowTestCase):
     def test_sanity(self):
-        im = GdImageFile.open(TEST_GD_FILE)
+        with GdImageFile.open(TEST_GD_FILE) as im:
             self.assertEqual(im.size, (128, 128))
             self.assertEqual(im.format, "GD")
 
@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ class TestFileGd(PillowTestCase):
     def test_invalid_file(self):
         invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
 
-        self.assertRaises(IOError, GdImageFile.open, invalid_file)
+        self.assertRaises(UnidentifiedImageError, GdImageFile.open, invalid_file)

Tests/test_file_gif.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+import unittest
 from io import BytesIO
 
 from PIL import GifImagePlugin, Image, ImageDraw, ImagePalette
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, hopper, netpbm_available, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase, hopper, is_pypy, netpbm_available
 
 try:
     from PIL import _webp
@@ -26,18 +27,34 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
             self.skipTest("gif support not available")  # can this happen?
 
     def test_sanity(self):
-        im = Image.open(TEST_GIF)
+        with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as im:
             im.load()
             self.assertEqual(im.mode, "P")
             self.assertEqual(im.size, (128, 128))
             self.assertEqual(im.format, "GIF")
             self.assertEqual(im.info["version"], b"GIF89a")
 
+    @unittest.skipIf(is_pypy(), "Requires CPython")
     def test_unclosed_file(self):
         def open():
             im = Image.open(TEST_GIF)
             im.load()
 
+        self.assert_warning(ResourceWarning, open)
+
+    def test_closed_file(self):
+        def open():
+            im = Image.open(TEST_GIF)
+            im.load()
+            im.close()
+
+        self.assert_warning(None, open)
+
+    def test_context_manager(self):
+        def open():
+            with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as im:
+                im.load()
+
         self.assert_warning(None, open)
 
     def test_invalid_file(self):
@@ -71,18 +88,17 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         def check(colors, size, expected_palette_length):
             # make an image with empty colors in the start of the palette range
             im = Image.frombytes(
-                "P",
+                "P", (colors, colors), bytes(range(256 - colors, 256)) * colors
-                (colors, colors),
-                bytes(bytearray(range(256 - colors, 256)) * colors),
             )
             im = im.resize((size, size))
             outfile = BytesIO()
             im.save(outfile, "GIF")
             outfile.seek(0)
-            reloaded = Image.open(outfile)
+            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
-
                 # check palette length
-            palette_length = max(i + 1 for i, v in enumerate(reloaded.histogram()) if v)
+                palette_length = max(
+                    i + 1 for i, v in enumerate(reloaded.histogram()) if v
+                )
                 self.assertEqual(expected_palette_length, palette_length)
 
                 self.assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), reloaded.convert("RGB"))
@@ -103,7 +119,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         check(256, 511, 256)
 
     def test_optimize_full_l(self):
-        im = Image.frombytes("L", (16, 16), bytes(bytearray(range(256))))
+        im = Image.frombytes("L", (16, 16), bytes(range(256)))
         test_file = BytesIO()
         im.save(test_file, "GIF", optimize=True)
         self.assertEqual(im.mode, "L")
@@ -112,17 +128,17 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         out = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
         im = hopper()
         im.save(out)
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
 
             self.assert_image_similar(reread.convert("RGB"), im, 50)
 
     def test_roundtrip2(self):
         # see https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/403
         out = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
-        im = Image.open(TEST_GIF)
+        with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as im:
             im2 = im.copy()
             im2.save(out)
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
 
             self.assert_image_similar(reread.convert("RGB"), hopper(), 50)
 
@@ -131,29 +147,29 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         out = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
         im = hopper()
         im.save(out, save_all=True)
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
 
             self.assert_image_similar(reread.convert("RGB"), im, 50)
 
         # Multiframe image
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_bgnd.gif")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_bgnd.gif") as im:
 
             out = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
             im.save(out, save_all=True)
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
 
             self.assertEqual(reread.n_frames, 5)
 
     def test_headers_saving_for_animated_gifs(self):
         important_headers = ["background", "version", "duration", "loop"]
         # Multiframe image
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_bgnd.gif")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_bgnd.gif") as im:
 
             info = im.info.copy()
 
             out = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
             im.save(out, save_all=True)
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
 
             for header in important_headers:
                 self.assertEqual(info[header], reread.info[header])
@@ -161,7 +177,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
     def test_palette_handling(self):
         # see https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/513
 
-        im = Image.open(TEST_GIF)
+        with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as im:
             im = im.convert("RGB")
 
             im = im.resize((100, 100), Image.LANCZOS)
@@ -170,7 +186,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
             f = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
             im2.save(f, optimize=True)
 
-        reloaded = Image.open(f)
+        with Image.open(f) as reloaded:
 
             self.assert_image_similar(im, reloaded.convert("RGB"), 10)
 
@@ -185,34 +201,41 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
             return reloaded
 
         orig = "Tests/images/test.colors.gif"
-        im = Image.open(orig)
+        with Image.open(orig) as im:
 
-        self.assert_image_similar(im, roundtrip(im), 1)
+            with roundtrip(im) as reloaded:
-        self.assert_image_similar(im, roundtrip(im, optimize=True), 1)
+                self.assert_image_similar(im, reloaded, 1)
+            with roundtrip(im, optimize=True) as reloaded:
+                self.assert_image_similar(im, reloaded, 1)
 
             im = im.convert("RGB")
             # check automatic P conversion
-        reloaded = roundtrip(im).convert("RGB")
+            with roundtrip(im) as reloaded:
+                reloaded = reloaded.convert("RGB")
                 self.assert_image_equal(im, reloaded)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(netpbm_available(), "netpbm not available")
     def test_save_netpbm_bmp_mode(self):
-        img = Image.open(TEST_GIF).convert("RGB")
+        with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as img:
+            img = img.convert("RGB")
 
             tempfile = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
             GifImagePlugin._save_netpbm(img, 0, tempfile)
-        self.assert_image_similar(img, Image.open(tempfile).convert("RGB"), 0)
+            with Image.open(tempfile) as reloaded:
+                self.assert_image_similar(img, reloaded.convert("RGB"), 0)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(netpbm_available(), "netpbm not available")
     def test_save_netpbm_l_mode(self):
-        img = Image.open(TEST_GIF).convert("L")
+        with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as img:
+            img = img.convert("L")
 
             tempfile = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
             GifImagePlugin._save_netpbm(img, 0, tempfile)
-        self.assert_image_similar(img, Image.open(tempfile).convert("L"), 0)
+            with Image.open(tempfile) as reloaded:
+                self.assert_image_similar(img, reloaded.convert("L"), 0)
 
     def test_seek(self):
-        img = Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_none.gif")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_none.gif") as img:
             framecount = 0
             try:
                 while True:
@@ -222,7 +245,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(framecount, 5)
 
     def test_seek_info(self):
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
             info = im.info.copy()
 
             im.seek(1)
@@ -231,27 +254,27 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(im.info, info)
 
     def test_seek_rewind(self):
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
             im.seek(2)
             im.seek(1)
 
-        expected = Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif")
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as expected:
                 expected.seek(1)
                 self.assert_image_equal(im, expected)
 
     def test_n_frames(self):
         for path, n_frames in [[TEST_GIF, 1], ["Tests/images/iss634.gif", 42]]:
             # Test is_animated before n_frames
-            im = Image.open(path)
+            with Image.open(path) as im:
                 self.assertEqual(im.is_animated, n_frames != 1)
 
             # Test is_animated after n_frames
-            im = Image.open(path)
+            with Image.open(path) as im:
                 self.assertEqual(im.n_frames, n_frames)
                 self.assertEqual(im.is_animated, n_frames != 1)
 
     def test_eoferror(self):
-        im = Image.open(TEST_GIF)
+        with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as im:
             n_frames = im.n_frames
 
             # Test seeking past the last frame
@@ -262,7 +285,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
             im.seek(n_frames - 1)
 
     def test_dispose_none(self):
-        img = Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_none.gif")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_none.gif") as img:
             try:
                 while True:
                     img.seek(img.tell() + 1)
@@ -271,7 +294,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
                 pass
 
     def test_dispose_background(self):
-        img = Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_bgnd.gif")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_bgnd.gif") as img:
             try:
                 while True:
                     img.seek(img.tell() + 1)
@@ -280,7 +303,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
                 pass
 
     def test_dispose_previous(self):
-        img = Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_prev.gif")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_prev.gif") as img:
             try:
                 while True:
                     img.seek(img.tell() + 1)
@@ -299,7 +322,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
             im_list[0].save(
                 out, save_all=True, append_images=im_list[1:], disposal=method
             )
-            img = Image.open(out)
+            with Image.open(out) as img:
                 for _ in range(2):
                     img.seek(img.tell() + 1)
                     self.assertEqual(img.disposal_method, method)
@@ -312,7 +335,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
             disposal=tuple(range(len(im_list))),
         )
 
-        img = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as img:
 
             for i in range(2):
                 img.seek(img.tell() + 1)
@@ -336,8 +359,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
 
         im_list[0].save(out, save_all=True, append_images=im_list[1:], disposal=2)
 
-        img = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as img:
-
             for i, circle in enumerate(circles):
                 img.seek(i)
                 rgb_img = img.convert("RGB")
@@ -375,8 +397,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
             out, save_all=True, append_images=im_list[1:], disposal=2, transparency=0
         )
 
-        img = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as img:
-
             for i, colours in enumerate(circles):
                 img.seek(i)
                 rgb_img = img.convert("RGBA")
@@ -411,12 +432,12 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
             out, save_all=True, append_images=im_list[1:], disposal=[0, 2], background=1
         )
 
-        im = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as im:
             im.seek(1)
             self.assertEqual(im.getpixel((0, 0)), 0)
 
     def test_iss634(self):
-        img = Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as img:
             # seek to the second frame
             img.seek(img.tell() + 1)
             # all transparent pixels should be replaced with the color from the
@@ -433,7 +454,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         im.info["duration"] = 100
         im.save(out, duration=duration)
 
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
             self.assertEqual(reread.info["duration"], duration)
 
     def test_multiple_duration(self):
@@ -450,7 +471,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         im_list[0].save(
             out, save_all=True, append_images=im_list[1:], duration=duration_list
         )
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
 
             for duration in duration_list:
                 self.assertEqual(reread.info["duration"], duration)
@@ -463,7 +484,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         im_list[0].save(
             out, save_all=True, append_images=im_list[1:], duration=tuple(duration_list)
         )
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
 
             for duration in duration_list:
                 self.assertEqual(reread.info["duration"], duration)
@@ -487,7 +508,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         im_list[0].save(
             out, save_all=True, append_images=im_list[1:], duration=duration_list
         )
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
 
             # Assert that the first three frames were combined
             self.assertEqual(reread.n_frames, 2)
@@ -507,8 +528,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
             im_list[0].save(
                 out, save_all=True, append_images=im_list[1:], duration=duration
             )
-            reread = Image.open(out)
+            with Image.open(out) as reread:
-
                 # Assert that all frames were combined
                 self.assertEqual(reread.n_frames, 1)
 
@@ -521,7 +541,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         out = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
         im = Image.new("L", (100, 100), "#000")
         im.save(out, loop=number_of_loops)
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
 
             self.assertEqual(reread.info["loop"], number_of_loops)
 
@@ -530,24 +550,26 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         im = Image.new("L", (100, 100), "#000")
         im.info["background"] = 1
         im.save(out)
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
 
             self.assertEqual(reread.info["background"], im.info["background"])
 
         if HAVE_WEBP and _webp.HAVE_WEBPANIM:
-            im = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.webp")
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.webp") as im:
                 self.assertIsInstance(im.info["background"], tuple)
                 im.save(out)
 
     def test_comment(self):
-        im = Image.open(TEST_GIF)
+        with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as im:
-        self.assertEqual(im.info["comment"], b"File written by Adobe Photoshop\xa8 4.0")
+            self.assertEqual(
+                im.info["comment"], b"File written by Adobe Photoshop\xa8 4.0"
+            )
 
             out = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
             im = Image.new("L", (100, 100), "#000")
             im.info["comment"] = b"Test comment text"
             im.save(out)
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
 
             self.assertEqual(reread.info["comment"], im.info["comment"])
 
@@ -559,13 +581,13 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
             comment += comment
         im.info["comment"] = comment
         im.save(out)
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
 
             self.assertEqual(reread.info["comment"], comment)
 
     def test_zero_comment_subblocks(self):
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_zero_comment_subblocks.gif")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_zero_comment_subblocks.gif") as im:
-        expected = Image.open(TEST_GIF)
+            with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as expected:
                 self.assert_image_equal(im, expected)
 
     def test_version(self):
@@ -573,7 +595,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
 
         def assertVersionAfterSave(im, version):
             im.save(out)
-            reread = Image.open(out)
+            with Image.open(out) as reread:
                 self.assertEqual(reread.info["version"], version)
 
         # Test that GIF87a is used by default
@@ -590,7 +612,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         assertVersionAfterSave(im, b"GIF89a")
 
         # Test that a GIF87a image is also saved in that format
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/test.colors.gif")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/test.colors.gif") as im:
             assertVersionAfterSave(im, b"GIF87a")
 
             # Test that a GIF89a image is also saved in that format
@@ -605,25 +627,24 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         ims = [Image.new("RGB", (100, 100), color) for color in ["#0f0", "#00f"]]
         im.copy().save(out, save_all=True, append_images=ims)
 
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
             self.assertEqual(reread.n_frames, 3)
 
         # Tests appending using a generator
         def imGenerator(ims):
-            for im in ims:
+            yield from ims
-                yield im
 
         im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=imGenerator(ims))
 
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
             self.assertEqual(reread.n_frames, 3)
 
         # Tests appending single and multiple frame images
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_none.gif")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_none.gif") as im:
-        ims = [Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_prev.gif")]
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_prev.gif") as im2:
-        im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=ims)
+                im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=[im2])
 
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
             self.assertEqual(reread.n_frames, 10)
 
     def test_transparent_optimize(self):
@@ -633,7 +654,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         # that's > 128 items where the transparent color is actually
         # the top palette entry to trigger the bug.
 
-        data = bytes(bytearray(range(1, 254)))
+        data = bytes(range(1, 254))
         palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette("RGB", list(range(256)) * 3)
 
         im = Image.new("L", (253, 1))
@@ -642,7 +663,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
 
         out = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
         im.save(out, transparency=253)
-        reloaded = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
 
             self.assertEqual(reloaded.info["transparency"], 253)
 
@@ -654,7 +675,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         im.info["transparency"] = (255, 0, 0)
         self.assert_warning(UserWarning, im.save, out)
 
-        reloaded = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
             self.assertNotIn("transparency", reloaded.info)
 
         # Multiple frames
@@ -663,7 +684,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         ims = [Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))]
         self.assert_warning(UserWarning, im.save, out, save_all=True, append_images=ims)
 
-        reloaded = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
             self.assertNotIn("transparency", reloaded.info)
 
     def test_bbox(self):
@@ -673,7 +694,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         ims = [Image.new("RGB", (100, 100), "#000")]
         im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=ims)
 
-        reread = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reread:
             self.assertEqual(reread.n_frames, 2)
 
     def test_palette_save_L(self):
@@ -681,12 +702,12 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
 
         im = hopper("P")
         im_l = Image.frombytes("L", im.size, im.tobytes())
-        palette = bytes(bytearray(im.getpalette()))
+        palette = bytes(im.getpalette())
 
         out = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
         im_l.save(out, palette=palette)
 
-        reloaded = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
 
             self.assert_image_equal(reloaded.convert("RGB"), im.convert("RGB"))
 
@@ -696,12 +717,12 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         # Forcing a non-straight grayscale palette.
 
         im = hopper("P")
-        palette = bytes(bytearray([255 - i // 3 for i in range(768)]))
+        palette = bytes([255 - i // 3 for i in range(768)])
 
         out = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
         im.save(out, palette=palette)
 
-        reloaded = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
             im.putpalette(palette)
             self.assert_image_equal(reloaded, im)
 
@@ -715,7 +736,7 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         out = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
         im.save(out, palette=palette)
 
-        reloaded = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
             im.putpalette(palette)
             self.assert_image_equal(reloaded, im)
 
@@ -727,17 +748,17 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
         out = self.tempfile("temp.gif")
         im.save(out)
 
-        reloaded = Image.open(out)
+        with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
             self.assert_image_equal(reloaded.convert("L"), im.convert("L"))
 
     def test_getdata(self):
         # test getheader/getdata against legacy values
         # Create a 'P' image with holes in the palette
-        im = Image._wedge().resize((16, 16))
+        im = Image._wedge().resize((16, 16), Image.NEAREST)
         im.putpalette(ImagePalette.ImagePalette("RGB"))
         im.info = {"background": 0}
 
-        passed_palette = bytes(bytearray([255 - i // 3 for i in range(768)]))
+        passed_palette = bytes([255 - i // 3 for i in range(768)])
 
         GifImagePlugin._FORCE_OPTIMIZE = True
         try:
@@ -759,14 +780,13 @@ class TestFileGif(PillowTestCase):
 
     def test_lzw_bits(self):
         # see https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/2811
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/issue_2811.gif")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/issue_2811.gif") as im:
-
             self.assertEqual(im.tile[0][3][0], 11)  # LZW bits
             # codec error prepatch
             im.load()
 
     def test_extents(self):
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/test_extents.gif")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/test_extents.gif") as im:
             self.assertEqual(im.size, (100, 100))
             im.seek(1)
             self.assertEqual(im.size, (150, 150))

Tests/test_file_gribstub.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/WAlaska.wind.7days.grb"
 class TestFileGribStub(PillowTestCase):
     def test_open(self):
         # Act
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
 
             # Assert
             self.assertEqual(im.format, "GRIB")
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class TestFileGribStub(PillowTestCase):
 
     def test_load(self):
         # Arrange
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
 
             # Act / Assert: stub cannot load without an implemented handler
             self.assertRaises(IOError, im.load)

Tests/test_file_hdf5stub.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/hdf5.h5"
 class TestFileHdf5Stub(PillowTestCase):
     def test_open(self):
         # Act
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
 
             # Assert
             self.assertEqual(im.format, "HDF5")
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ class TestFileHdf5Stub(PillowTestCase):
 
     def test_load(self):
         # Arrange
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
 
             # Act / Assert: stub cannot load without an implemented handler
             self.assertRaises(IOError, im.load)
 
     def test_save(self):
         # Arrange
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             dummy_fp = None
             dummy_filename = "dummy.filename"
 

Tests/test_file_icns.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import io
 import sys
+import unittest
 
 from PIL import IcnsImagePlugin, Image
 
-from .helper import PillowTestCase, unittest
+from .helper import PillowTestCase
 
 # sample icon file
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/pillow.icns"
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ class TestFileIcns(PillowTestCase):
     def test_sanity(self):
         # Loading this icon by default should result in the largest size
         # (512x512@2x) being loaded
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
 
             # Assert that there is no unclosed file warning
             self.assert_warning(None, im.load)
@@ -26,29 +27,28 @@ class TestFileIcns(PillowTestCase):
 
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform != "darwin", "requires macOS")
     def test_save(self):
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
-
         temp_file = self.tempfile("temp.icns")
+
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             im.save(temp_file)
 
-        reread = Image.open(temp_file)
+        with Image.open(temp_file) as reread:
-
             self.assertEqual(reread.mode, "RGBA")
             self.assertEqual(reread.size, (1024, 1024))
             self.assertEqual(reread.format, "ICNS")
 
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform != "darwin", "requires macOS")
     def test_save_append_images(self):
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
-
         temp_file = self.tempfile("temp.icns")
         provided_im = Image.new("RGBA", (32, 32), (255, 0, 0, 128))
+
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             im.save(temp_file, append_images=[provided_im])
 
-        reread = Image.open(temp_file)
+            with Image.open(temp_file) as reread:
                 self.assert_image_similar(reread, im, 1)
 
-        reread = Image.open(temp_file)
+            with Image.open(temp_file) as reread:
                 reread.size = (16, 16, 2)
                 reread.load()
                 self.assert_image_equal(reread, provided_im)
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class TestFileIcns(PillowTestCase):
     def test_sizes(self):
         # Check that we can load all of the sizes, and that the final pixel
         # dimensions are as expected
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             for w, h, r in im.info["sizes"]:
                 wr = w * r
                 hr = h * r
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ class TestFileIcns(PillowTestCase):
     def test_older_icon(self):
         # This icon was made with Icon Composer rather than iconutil; it still
         # uses PNG rather than JP2, however (since it was made on 10.9).
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/pillow2.icns")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/pillow2.icns") as im:
             for w, h, r in im.info["sizes"]:
                 wr = w * r
                 hr = h * r
-            im2 = Image.open("Tests/images/pillow2.icns")
+                with Image.open("Tests/images/pillow2.icns") as im2:
                     im2.size = (w, h, r)
                     im2.load()
                     self.assertEqual(im2.mode, "RGBA")
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ class TestFileIcns(PillowTestCase):
         if not enable_jpeg2k:
             return
 
-        im = Image.open("Tests/images/pillow3.icns")
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/pillow3.icns") as im:
             for w, h, r in im.info["sizes"]:
                 wr = w * r
                 hr = h * r
-            im2 = Image.open("Tests/images/pillow3.icns")
+                with Image.open("Tests/images/pillow3.icns") as im2:
                     im2.size = (w, h, r)
                     im2.load()
                     self.assertEqual(im2.mode, "RGBA")