diff --git a/Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression-no-samplesperpixel.tif b/Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression-no-samplesperpixel.tif
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d43ba9192
Binary files /dev/null and b/Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression-no-samplesperpixel.tif differ
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_libtiff.py b/Tests/test_file_libtiff.py
index c0d09d6ce..ea9ee8eb5 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_libtiff.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_libtiff.py
@@ -901,8 +901,13 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
             assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/tiff_16bit_RGBa_target.png")
 
     def test_old_style_jpeg(self):
-        infile = "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.tif"
-        with Image.open(infile) as im:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.tif") as im:
+            assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.png")
+
+    def test_open_missing_samplesperpixel(self):
+        with Image.open(
+            "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression-no-samplesperpixel.tif"
+        ) as im:
             assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.png")
 
     def test_no_rows_per_strip(self):
diff --git a/src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py b/src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py
index 17e29ba4c..f7204009b 100644
--- a/src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py
+++ b/src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py
@@ -1251,7 +1251,10 @@ class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         if bps_count > len(bps_tuple) and len(bps_tuple) == 1:
             bps_tuple = bps_tuple * bps_count
 
-        samplesPerPixel = self.tag_v2.get(SAMPLESPERPIXEL, 1)
+        samplesPerPixel = self.tag_v2.get(
+            SAMPLESPERPIXEL,
+            3 if self._compression == "tiff_jpeg" and photo in (2, 6) else 1,
+        )
         if len(bps_tuple) != samplesPerPixel:
             raise SyntaxError("unknown data organization")