Merge branch 'main' into _fp

.appveyor.yml

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-skip_commits:
-  files:
-    - ".github/**/*"
-    - ".gitmodules"
-    - "docs/**/*"
-    - "wheels/**/*"
-
-version: '{build}'
-clone_folder: c:\pillow
-init:
-- ECHO %PYTHON%
-#- ps: iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/appveyor/ci/master/scripts/enable-rdp.ps1'))
-# Uncomment previous line to get RDP access during the build.
-
-environment:
-  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
-  EXECUTABLE: python.exe
-  TEST_OPTIONS:
-  DEPLOY: YES
-  matrix:
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python313
-    ARCHITECTURE: x86
-    APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2022
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python39-x64
-    ARCHITECTURE: AMD64
-    APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2019
-
-
-install:
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% --version'
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip install --upgrade pip'
-- curl -fsSL -o pillow-test-images.zip https://github.com/python-pillow/test-images/archive/main.zip
-- 7z x pillow-test-images.zip -oc:\
-- xcopy /S /Y c:\test-images-main\* c:\pillow\tests\images
-- curl -fsSL -o nasm-win64.zip https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/main/nasm-2.16.03-win64.zip
-- 7z x nasm-win64.zip -oc:\
-- choco install ghostscript --version=10.4.0
-- path c:\nasm-2.16.03;C:\Program Files\gs\gs10.04.0\bin;%PATH%
-- cd c:\pillow\winbuild\
-- ps: |
-        c:\python39\python.exe c:\pillow\winbuild\build_prepare.py -v --depends=C:\pillow-depends\
-        c:\pillow\winbuild\build\build_dep_all.cmd
-        $host.SetShouldExit(0)
-- path C:\pillow\winbuild\build\bin;%PATH%
-
-build_script:
-- cd c:\pillow
-- winbuild\build\build_env.cmd
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip install -v -C raqm=vendor -C fribidi=vendor .'
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% selftest.py --installed'
-
-test_script:
-- cd c:\pillow
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip install pytest pytest-cov pytest-timeout defusedxml ipython numpy olefile pyroma'
-- c:\"Program Files (x86)"\"Windows Kits"\10\Debuggers\x86\gflags.exe /p /enable %PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE%
-- path %PYTHON%;%PATH%
-- .ci\test.cmd
-
-after_test:
-- curl -Os https://uploader.codecov.io/latest/windows/codecov.exe
-- .\codecov.exe --file coverage.xml --name %PYTHON% --flags AppVeyor
-
-matrix:
-  fast_finish: true
-
-cache:
-- '%LOCALAPPDATA%\pip\Cache'
-
-artifacts:
-- path: pillow\*.egg
-  name: egg
-- path: pillow\*.whl
-  name: wheel
-
-before_deploy:
-  - cd c:\pillow
-  - '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip wheel -v -C raqm=vendor -C fribidi=vendor .'
-  - ps: Get-ChildItem .\*.whl | % { Push-AppveyorArtifact $_.FullName -FileName $_.Name }
-
-deploy:
-  provider: S3
-  region: us-west-2
-  access_key_id: AKIAIRAXC62ZNTVQJMOQ
-  secret_access_key:
-    secure: Hwb6klTqtBeMgxAjRoDltiiqpuH8xbwD4UooDzBSiCWXjuFj1lyl4kHgHwTCCGqi
-  bucket: pillow-nightly
-  folder: win/$(APPVEYOR_BUILD_NUMBER)/
-  artifact: /.*egg|wheel/
-  on:
-    APPVEYOR_REPO_NAME: python-pillow/Pillow
-    branch: main
-    deploy: YES
-
-
-# Uncomment the following lines to get RDP access after the build/test and block for
-# up to the timeout limit (~1hr)
-#
-#on_finish:
-#- ps: $blockRdp = $true; iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/appveyor/ci/master/scripts/enable-rdp.ps1'))

.ci/after_success.sh

@@ -2,8 +2,4 @@
 
 # gather the coverage data
 python3 -m pip install coverage
-if [[ $MATRIX_DOCKER ]]; then
-  python3 -m coverage xml --ignore-errors
-else
 python3 -m coverage xml
-fi

.ci/build.sh

@@ -3,8 +3,5 @@
 set -e
 
 python3 -m coverage erase
-if [ $(uname) == "Darwin" ]; then
-    export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/miniconda/include";
-fi
 make clean
 make install-coverage

.ci/requirements-mypy.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-mypy==1.14.0
+mypy==1.14.1
 IceSpringPySideStubs-PyQt6
 IceSpringPySideStubs-PySide6
 ipython

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Please send a pull request to the `main` branch. Please include [documentation](
 - Fork the Pillow repository.
 - Create a branch from `main`.
 - Develop bug fixes, features, tests, etc.
-- Run the test suite. You can enable GitHub Actions (https://github.com/MY-USERNAME/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/projects/new) on your repo to catch test failures prior to the pull request, and [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh) to see if the changed code is covered by tests.
+- Run the test suite. You can enable GitHub Actions (https://github.com/MY-USERNAME/Pillow/actions) on your repo to catch test failures prior to the pull request, and [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh) to see if the changed code is covered by tests.
 - Create a pull request to pull the changes from your branch to the Pillow `main`.
 
 ### Guidelines
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Please send a pull request to the `main` branch. Please include [documentation](
 - Separate code commits from reformatting commits.
 - Provide tests for any newly added code.
 - Follow PEP 8.
-- When committing only documentation changes please include `[ci skip]` in the commit message to avoid running tests on AppVeyor.
+- When committing only documentation changes please include `[ci skip]` in the commit message to avoid running extra tests.
 - Include [release notes](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/tree/main/docs/releasenotes) as needed or appropriate with your bug fixes, feature additions and tests.
 
 ## Reporting Issues

.github/mergify.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ pull_request_rules:
       - status-success=Windows Test Successful
       - status-success=MinGW
       - status-success=Cygwin Test Successful
-      - status-success=continuous-integration/appveyor/pr
     actions:
       merge:
         method: merge

.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Cygwin
-        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v4
+        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v5
         with:
           packages: >
             gcc-g++

.github/workflows/test-docker.yml

@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   build:
 
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
+        os: ["ubuntu-latest"]
         docker: [
           # Run slower jobs first to give them a headstart and reduce waiting time
-          ubuntu-22.04-jammy-arm64v8,
           ubuntu-24.04-noble-ppc64le,
           ubuntu-24.04-noble-s390x,
           # Then run the remainder
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ jobs:
           amazon-2023-amd64,
           arch,
           centos-stream-9-amd64,
+          centos-stream-10-amd64,
           debian-12-bookworm-x86,
           debian-12-bookworm-amd64,
           fedora-40-amd64,
@@ -54,12 +55,13 @@ jobs:
         ]
         dockerTag: [main]
         include:
-          - docker: "ubuntu-22.04-jammy-arm64v8"
-            qemu-arch: "aarch64"
           - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-ppc64le"
             qemu-arch: "ppc64le"
           - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-s390x"
             qemu-arch: "s390x"
+          - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-arm64v8"
+            os: "ubuntu-24.04-arm"
+            dockerTag: main
 
     name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
@@ -89,15 +91,15 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: After success
       run: |
-        PATH="$PATH:~/.local/bin"
         docker start pillow_container
+        sudo docker cp pillow_container:/Pillow /Pillow
+        sudo chown -R runner /Pillow
         pil_path=`docker exec pillow_container /vpy3/bin/python -c 'import os, PIL;print(os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(PIL.__file__)))'`
         docker stop pillow_container
         sudo mkdir -p $pil_path
         sudo cp src/PIL/*.py $pil_path
+        cd /Pillow
         .ci/after_success.sh
-      env:
-        MATRIX_DOCKER: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     - name: Upload coverage
       uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5

.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml

@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ jobs:
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libtiff \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libwebp \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-openjpeg2 \
-              mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-numpy \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-numpy \
-              mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-olefile \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-olefile \
-              mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-pip \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pip \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest-cov \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest-timeout \

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -31,15 +31,20 @@ env:
 
 jobs:
   build:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["pypy3.10", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: ["pypy3.10", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        architecture: ["x64"]
+        os: ["windows-latest"]
+        include:
+            # Test the oldest Python on 32-bit
+            - { python-version: "3.9", architecture: "x86", os: "windows-2019" }
 
     timeout-minutes: 30
 
-    name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+    name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} (${{ matrix.architecture }})
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Pillow
@@ -67,6 +72,7 @@ jobs:
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         allow-prereleases: true
+        architecture: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
         cache: pip
         cache-dependency-path: ".github/workflows/test-windows.yml"
 
@@ -78,7 +84,7 @@ jobs:
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
 
     - name: Install CPython dependencies
-      if: "!contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy')"
+      if: "!contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy') && matrix.architecture != 'x86'"
       run: |
         python3 -m pip install PyQt6
 

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ jobs:
         ]
         python-version: [
           "pypy3.10",
+          "3.14",
           "3.13t",
           "3.13",
           "3.12",

.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh

@@ -37,20 +37,15 @@ fi
 ARCHIVE_SDIR=pillow-depends-main
 
 # Package versions for fresh source builds
-FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.2
+FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.3
 HARFBUZZ_VERSION=10.1.0
-LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.44
+LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.45
 JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.1.0
 OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.3
 XZ_VERSION=5.6.3
 TIFF_VERSION=4.6.0
 LCMS2_VERSION=2.16
-if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
+ZLIB_NG_VERSION=2.2.3
-    GIFLIB_VERSION=5.2.2
-else
-    GIFLIB_VERSION=5.2.1
-fi
-ZLIB_NG_VERSION=2.2.2
 LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.5.0
 BZIP2_VERSION=1.0.8
 LIBXCB_VERSION=1.17.0
@@ -103,7 +98,7 @@ function build_harfbuzz {
 
 function build {
     build_xz
-    if [ -z "$IS_ALPINE" ] && [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+    if [ -z "$IS_ALPINE" ] && [ -z "$SANITIZER" ] && [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
         yum remove -y zlib-devel
     fi
     build_zlib_ng
@@ -140,7 +135,9 @@ function build {
     if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
         CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names"
     fi
-    build_libwebp
+    build_simple libwebp $LIBWEBP_VERSION \
+        https://storage.googleapis.com/downloads.webmproject.org/releases/webp tar.gz \
+        --enable-libwebpmux --enable-libwebpdemux
     CFLAGS=$ORIGINAL_CFLAGS
 
     build_brotli

.github/workflows/wheels-test.ps1

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ if ("$venv" -like "*\cibw-run-*\pp*-win_amd64\*") {
 $env:path += ";$pillow\winbuild\build\bin\"
 & "$venv\Scripts\activate.ps1"
 & reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\python.exe" /v "GlobalFlag" /t REG_SZ /d "0x02000000" /f
+if ("$venv" -like "*\cibw-run-*-win_amd64\*") {
+  & python -m pip install numpy
+}
 cd $pillow
 & python -VV
 if (!$?) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }

.github/workflows/wheels.yml

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ on:
     paths:
       - ".ci/requirements-cibw.txt"
       - ".github/workflows/wheel*"
+      - "pyproject.toml"
       - "setup.py"
       - "wheels/*"
       - "winbuild/build_prepare.py"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ on:
     paths:
       - ".ci/requirements-cibw.txt"
       - ".github/workflows/wheel*"
+      - "pyproject.toml"
       - "setup.py"
       - "wheels/*"
       - "winbuild/build_prepare.py"
@@ -40,62 +42,7 @@ env:
   FORCE_COLOR: 1
 
 jobs:
-  build-1-QEMU-emulated-wheels:
+  build-native-wheels:
-    if: github.event_name != 'schedule'
-    name: aarch64 ${{ matrix.python-version }} ${{ matrix.spec }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        python-version:
-          - pp310
-          - cp3{9,10,11}
-          - cp3{12,13}
-        spec:
-          - manylinux2014
-          - manylinux_2_28
-          - musllinux
-        exclude:
-          - { python-version: pp310, spec: musllinux }
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-          submodules: true
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with:
-          python-version: "3.x"
-
-      # https://github.com/docker/setup-qemu-action
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-
-      - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: |
-          python3 -m pip install -r .ci/requirements-cibw.txt
-
-      - name: Build wheels
-        run: |
-          python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-        env:
-          # Build only the currently selected Linux architecture (so we can
-          # parallelise for speed).
-          CIBW_ARCHS: "aarch64"
-          # Likewise, select only one Python version per job to speed this up.
-          CIBW_BUILD: "${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.spec == 'musllinux' && 'musllinux' || 'manylinux' }}*"
-          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease
-          # Extra options for manylinux.
-          CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.spec }}
-          CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.spec }}
-
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: dist-qemu-${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.spec }}
-          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
-
-  build-2-native-wheels:
     if: github.event_name != 'schedule' || github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow'
     name: ${{ matrix.name }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -130,6 +77,14 @@ jobs:
             cibw_arch: x86_64
             build: "*manylinux*"
             manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
+          - name: "manylinux2014 and musllinux aarch64"
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            cibw_arch: aarch64
+          - name: "manylinux_2_28 aarch64"
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            cibw_arch: aarch64
+            build: "*manylinux*"
+            manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -150,7 +105,9 @@ jobs:
         env:
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
           CIBW_BUILD: ${{ matrix.build }}
-          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading
+          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading pypy
+          CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
+          CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_SKIP: pp39-*
@@ -227,7 +184,7 @@ jobs:
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
           CIBW_BEFORE_ALL: "{package}\\winbuild\\build\\build_dep_all.cmd"
           CIBW_CACHE_PATH: "C:\\cibw"
-          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading
+          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading pypy
           CIBW_SKIP: pp39-*
           CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*-win_arm64"
           CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: 'docker run --rm
@@ -273,7 +230,7 @@ jobs:
 
   scientific-python-nightly-wheels-publish:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow' && (github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
-    needs: [build-2-native-wheels, windows]
+    needs: [build-native-wheels, windows]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Upload wheels to scientific-python-nightly-wheels
     steps:
@@ -290,7 +247,7 @@ jobs:
 
   pypi-publish:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow' && github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags')
-    needs: [build-1-QEMU-emulated-wheels, build-2-native-wheels, windows, sdist]
+    needs: [build-native-wheels, windows, sdist]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Upload release to PyPI
     environment:

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.8.4
+    rev: v0.8.6
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ repos:
         exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.gd$|\.opt$)
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: v19.1.5
+    rev: v19.1.6
     hooks:
       - id: clang-format
         types: [c]
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ repos:
       - id: check-renovate
 
   - repo: https://github.com/woodruffw/zizmor-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.10.0
+    rev: v1.0.0
     hooks:
       - id: zizmor
 

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 version: 2
 
+sphinx:
+  configuration: docs/conf.py
+
 formats: [pdf]
 
 build:

MANIFEST.in

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ graft docs
 graft _custom_build
 
 # build/src control detritus
-exclude .appveyor.yml
 exclude .clang-format
 exclude .coveragerc
 exclude .editorconfig

README.md

@@ -42,9 +42,6 @@ As of 2019, Pillow development is
             <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-docker.yml"><img
                 alt="GitHub Actions build status (Test Docker)"
                 src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20Docker/badge.svg"></a>
-            <a href="https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow"><img
-                alt="AppVeyor CI build status (Windows)"
-                src="https://img.shields.io/appveyor/build/python-pillow/Pillow/main.svg?label=Windows%20build"></a>
             <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml"><img
                 alt="GitHub Actions build status (Wheels)"
                 src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Wheels/badge.svg"></a>

RELEASING.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Released quarterly on January 2nd, April 1st, July 1st and October 15th.
 
 * [ ] Open a release ticket e.g. https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/3154
 * [ ] Develop and prepare release in `main` branch.
-* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow) to confirm passing tests in `main` branch.
+* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) to confirm passing tests in `main` branch.
 * [ ] Check that all the wheel builds pass the tests in the [GitHub Actions "Wheels" workflow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml) jobs by manually triggering them.
 * [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/), update version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
 * [ ] Run pre-release check via `make release-test` in a freshly cloned repo.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Released as needed for security, installation or critical bug fixes.
   git checkout -t remotes/origin/5.2.x
   ```
 * [ ] Cherry pick individual commits from `main` branch to release branch e.g. `5.2.x`, then `git push`.
-* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow) to confirm passing tests in release branch e.g. `5.2.x`.
+* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) to confirm passing tests in release branch e.g. `5.2.x`.
 * [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/), update version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
 * [ ] Run pre-release check via `make release-test`.
 * [ ] Create tag for release e.g.:

Tests/helper.py

@@ -140,18 +140,11 @@ def assert_image_similar_tofile(
     filename: str,
     epsilon: float,
     msg: str | None = None,
-    mode: str | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     with Image.open(filename) as img:
-        if mode:
-            img = img.convert(mode)
         assert_image_similar(a, img, epsilon, msg)
 
 
-def assert_all_same(items: Sequence[Any], msg: str | None = None) -> None:
-    assert items.count(items[0]) == len(items), msg
-
-
 def assert_not_all_same(items: Sequence[Any], msg: str | None = None) -> None:
     assert items.count(items[0]) != len(items), msg
 
@@ -327,16 +320,7 @@ def magick_command() -> list[str] | None:
     return None
 
 
-def on_appveyor() -> bool:
-    return "APPVEYOR" in os.environ
-
-
-def on_github_actions() -> bool:
-    return "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ
-
-
 def on_ci() -> bool:
-    # GitHub Actions and AppVeyor have "CI"
     return "CI" in os.environ
 
 

Tests/oss-fuzz/test_fuzzers.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import fuzzers
 import packaging
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image, UnidentifiedImageError, features
+from PIL import Image, features
 from Tests.helper import skip_unless_feature
 
 if sys.platform.startswith("win32"):
@@ -32,21 +32,17 @@ def test_fuzz_images(path: str) -> None:
             fuzzers.fuzz_image(f.read())
             assert True
     except (
+        # Known exceptions from Pillow
         OSError,
         SyntaxError,
         MemoryError,
         ValueError,
         NotImplementedError,
         OverflowError,
-    ):
+        # Known Image.* exceptions
-        # Known exceptions that are through from Pillow
-        assert True
-    except (
         Image.DecompressionBombError,
         Image.DecompressionBombWarning,
-        UnidentifiedImageError,
     ):
-        # Known Image.* exceptions
         assert True
     finally:
         fuzzers.disable_decompressionbomb_error()

Tests/test_file_apng.py

@@ -307,13 +307,8 @@ def test_apng_syntax_errors() -> None:
             im.load()
 
     # we can handle this case gracefully
-    exception = None
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_low.png") as im:
-        try:
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
-        except Exception as e:
-            exception = e
-        assert exception is None
 
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_high.png") as im:
@@ -405,13 +400,8 @@ def test_apng_save_split_fdat(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             append_images=frames,
         )
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
-        exception = None
-        try:
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         im.load()
-        except Exception as e:
-            exception = e
-        assert exception is None
 
 
 def test_apng_save_duration_loop(tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_blp.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image
+from PIL import BlpImagePlugin, Image
 
 from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal,
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ def test_load_blp1() -> None:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/blp/blp1_jpeg.png")
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp1_jpeg2.blp") as im:
+        assert im.mode == "RGBA"
         im.load()
 
 
@@ -37,6 +38,13 @@ def test_load_blp2_dxt1a() -> None:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/blp/blp2_dxt1a.png")
 
 
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
+    invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
+
+    with pytest.raises(BlpImagePlugin.BLPFormatError):
+        BlpImagePlugin.BlpImageFile(invalid_file)
+
+
 def test_save(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     f = str(tmp_path / "temp.blp")
 

Tests/test_file_ico.py

@@ -253,7 +253,6 @@ def test_truncated_mask() -> None:
 
     try:
         with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
-            with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_mask.png") as expected:
             assert im.mode == "1"
 
         # 32 bpp

Tests/test_file_iptc.py

@@ -58,10 +58,7 @@ def test_getiptcinfo_fotostation() -> None:
 
     # Assert
     assert iptc is not None
-    for tag in iptc.keys():
+    assert 240 in (tag[0] for tag in iptc.keys()), "FotoStation tag not found"
-        if tag[0] == 240:
-            return
-    pytest.fail("FotoStation tag not found")
 
 
 def test_getiptcinfo_zero_padding() -> None:

Tests/test_file_jpeg.py

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         assert test(100, 200) == (100, 200)
         assert test(0) is None  # square pixels
 
-    def test_dpi_jfif_cm(self):
+    def test_dpi_jfif_cm(self) -> None:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/jfif_unit_cm.jpg") as im:
             assert im.info["dpi"] == (2.54, 5.08)
 
@@ -281,6 +281,9 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         assert not im2.info.get("progressive")
         assert im3.info.get("progressive")
 
+        if features.check_feature("mozjpeg"):
+            assert_image_similar(im1, im3, 9.39)
+        else:
             assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
         assert im1_bytes >= im3_bytes
 
@@ -353,7 +356,6 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             assert exif.get_ifd(0x8825) == {}
 
             transposed = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
-        assert transposed is not None
         exif = transposed.getexif()
         assert exif.get_ifd(0x8825) == {}
 
@@ -424,6 +426,10 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
         im2 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progressive=1)
         im3 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progression=1)  # compatibility
+        if features.check_feature("mozjpeg"):
+            assert_image_similar(im1, im2, 9.39)
+            assert_image_similar(im1, im3, 9.39)
+        else:
             assert_image_equal(im1, im2)
             assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
         assert im2.info.get("progressive")
@@ -1031,7 +1037,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
         with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             im.tile = [
-                ("INFINITE", (0, 0, 128, 128), 0, ("RGB", 0, 1)),
+                ImageFile._Tile("INFINITE", (0, 0, 128, 128), 0, ("RGB", 0, 1)),
             ]
             ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
             im.load()

Tests/test_file_jpeg2k.py

@@ -492,8 +492,7 @@ def test_plt_marker(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
     out.seek(0)
     while True:
         marker = out.read(2)
-        if not marker:
+        assert marker, "End of stream without PLT"
-            pytest.fail("End of stream without PLT")
 
         jp2_boxid = _binary.i16be(marker)
         if jp2_boxid == 0xFF4F:

Tests/test_file_libtiff.py

@@ -36,11 +36,7 @@ class LibTiffTestCase:
         im.load()
         im.getdata()
 
-        try:
         assert im._compression == "group4"
-        except AttributeError:
-            print("No _compression")
-            print(dir(im))
 
         # can we write it back out, in a different form.
         out = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
@@ -1146,7 +1142,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
                 im.load()
 
             # Assert that the error code is IMAGING_CODEC_MEMORY
-            assert str(e.value) == "-9"
+            assert str(e.value) == "decoder error -9"
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("compression", ("tiff_adobe_deflate", "jpeg"))
     def test_save_multistrip(self, compression: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_png.py

@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ class TestFilePng:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_image.png") as im:
             # The file is truncated
             with pytest.raises(OSError):
-                im.text()
+                im.text
             ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
             assert isinstance(im.text, dict)
             ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False

Tests/test_file_spider.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image, ImageSequence, SpiderImagePlugin
+from PIL import Image, SpiderImagePlugin
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper, is_pypy
 
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ def test_nonstack_file() -> None:
 
 def test_nonstack_dos() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
-        for i, frame in enumerate(ImageSequence.Iterator(im)):
+        with pytest.raises(EOFError):
-            assert i <= 1, "Non-stack DOS file test failed"
+            im.seek(0)
 
 
 # for issue #4093

Tests/test_file_tiff.py

@@ -115,6 +115,19 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
             im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im], tiffinfo=im.tag_v2)
 
+    def test_bigtiff_save(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
+        im = hopper()
+        im.save(outfile, big_tiff=True)
+
+        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.tag_v2._bigtiff is True
+
+        im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im], big_tiff=True)
+
+        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.tag_v2._bigtiff is True
+
     def test_seek_too_large(self) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unable to seek to frame"):
             Image.open("Tests/images/seek_too_large.tif")
@@ -733,7 +746,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             assert reread.n_frames == 3
 
     def test_fixoffsets(self) -> None:
-        b = BytesIO(b"II\x2a\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00")
+        b = BytesIO(b"II\x2A\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00")
         with TiffImagePlugin.AppendingTiffWriter(b) as a:
             b.seek(0)
             a.fixOffsets(1, isShort=True)
@@ -746,6 +759,37 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
                 a.fixOffsets(1)
 
+        b = BytesIO(b"II\x2A\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00")
+        with TiffImagePlugin.AppendingTiffWriter(b) as a:
+            a.offsetOfNewPage = 2**16
+
+            b.seek(0)
+            a.fixOffsets(1, isShort=True)
+
+        b = BytesIO(b"II\x2B\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00")
+        with TiffImagePlugin.AppendingTiffWriter(b) as a:
+            a.offsetOfNewPage = 2**32
+
+            b.seek(0)
+            a.fixOffsets(1, isShort=True)
+
+            b.seek(0)
+            a.fixOffsets(1, isLong=True)
+
+    def test_appending_tiff_writer_writelong(self) -> None:
+        data = b"II\x2A\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+        b = BytesIO(data)
+        with TiffImagePlugin.AppendingTiffWriter(b) as a:
+            a.writeLong(2**32 - 1)
+            assert b.getvalue() == data + b"\xff\xff\xff\xff"
+
+    def test_appending_tiff_writer_rewritelastshorttolong(self) -> None:
+        data = b"II\x2A\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+        b = BytesIO(data)
+        with TiffImagePlugin.AppendingTiffWriter(b) as a:
+            a.rewriteLastShortToLong(2**32 - 1)
+            assert b.getvalue() == data[:-2] + b"\xff\xff\xff\xff"
+
     def test_saving_icc_profile(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         # Tests saving TIFF with icc_profile set.
         # At the time of writing this will only work for non-compressed tiffs

Tests/test_image.py

@@ -189,8 +189,6 @@ class TestImage:
                 if ext == ".jp2" and not features.check_codec("jpg_2000"):
                     pytest.skip("jpg_2000 not available")
                 temp_file = str(tmp_path / ("temp." + ext))
-                if os.path.exists(temp_file):
-                    os.remove(temp_file)
                 im.save(Path(temp_file))
 
     def test_fp_name(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -667,7 +665,7 @@ class TestImage:
         # Test illegal image mode
         with hopper() as im:
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                im.remap_palette(None)
+                im.remap_palette([])
 
     def test_remap_palette_transparency(self) -> None:
         im = Image.new("P", (1, 2), (0, 0, 0))
@@ -770,7 +768,7 @@ class TestImage:
         assert dict(exif)
 
         # Test that exif data is cleared after another load
-        exif.load(None)
+        exif.load(b"")
         assert not dict(exif)
 
         # Test loading just the EXIF header
@@ -991,6 +989,11 @@ class TestImage:
         else:
             assert im.getxmp() == {"xmpmeta": None}
 
+    def test_get_child_images(self) -> None:
+        im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert im.get_child_images() == []
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", ((1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0)))
     def test_zero_tobytes(self, size: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
         im = Image.new("RGB", size)

Tests/test_image_access.py

@@ -271,13 +271,25 @@ class TestImagePutPixelError:
 
 
 class TestEmbeddable:
-    @pytest.mark.xfail(reason="failing test")
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(not (sys.version_info >= (3, 13)), reason="failing test")
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not is_win32(), reason="requires Windows")
     def test_embeddable(self) -> None:
         import ctypes
 
         from setuptools.command import build_ext
 
+        compiler = getattr(build_ext, "new_compiler")()
+        compiler.add_include_dir(sysconfig.get_config_var("INCLUDEPY"))
+
+        libdir = sysconfig.get_config_var("LIBDIR") or sysconfig.get_config_var(
+            "INCLUDEPY"
+        ).replace("include", "libs")
+        compiler.add_library_dir(libdir)
+        try:
+            compiler.initialize()
+        except Exception:
+            pytest.skip("Compiler could not be initialized")
+
         with open("embed_pil.c", "w", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
             home = sys.prefix.replace("\\", "\\\\")
             fh.write(
@@ -305,13 +317,6 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
         """
             )
 
-        compiler = getattr(build_ext, "new_compiler")()
-        compiler.add_include_dir(sysconfig.get_config_var("INCLUDEPY"))
-
-        libdir = sysconfig.get_config_var("LIBDIR") or sysconfig.get_config_var(
-            "INCLUDEPY"
-        ).replace("include", "libs")
-        compiler.add_library_dir(libdir)
         objects = compiler.compile(["embed_pil.c"])
         compiler.link_executable(objects, "embed_pil")
 

Tests/test_image_resize.py

@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ class TestImageResize:
         # Test unknown resampling filter
         with hopper() as im:
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                im.resize((10, 10), "unknown")
+                im.resize((10, 10), -1)
 
     @skip_unless_feature("libtiff")
     def test_transposed(self) -> None:

Tests/test_imageops.py

@@ -405,7 +405,6 @@ def test_exif_transpose() -> None:
                     else:
                         original_exif = im.info["exif"]
                     transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
-                    assert transposed_im is not None
                     assert_image_similar(base_im, transposed_im, 17)
                     if orientation_im is base_im:
                         assert "exif" not in im.info
@@ -417,7 +416,6 @@ def test_exif_transpose() -> None:
 
                     # Repeat the operation to test that it does not keep transposing
                     transposed_im2 = ImageOps.exif_transpose(transposed_im)
-                    assert transposed_im2 is not None
                     assert_image_equal(transposed_im2, transposed_im)
 
             check(base_im)
@@ -433,7 +431,6 @@ def test_exif_transpose() -> None:
             assert im.getexif()[0x0112] == 3
 
             transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
-            assert transposed_im is not None
             assert 0x0112 not in transposed_im.getexif()
 
             transposed_im._reload_exif()
@@ -446,14 +443,12 @@ def test_exif_transpose() -> None:
         assert im.getexif()[0x0112] == 3
 
         transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
-        assert transposed_im is not None
         assert 0x0112 not in transposed_im.getexif()
 
     # Orientation set directly on Image.Exif
     im = hopper()
     im.getexif()[0x0112] = 3
     transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
-    assert transposed_im is not None
     assert 0x0112 not in transposed_im.getexif()
 
 
@@ -464,7 +459,6 @@ def test_exif_transpose_xml_without_xmp() -> None:
 
         del im.info["xmp"]
         transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
-        assert transposed_im is not None
         assert 0x0112 not in transposed_im.getexif()
 
 

docs/about.rst

@@ -6,12 +6,11 @@ Goals
 
 The fork author's goal is to foster and support active development of PIL through:
 
-- Continuous integration testing via `GitHub Actions`_ and `AppVeyor`_
+- Continuous integration testing via `GitHub Actions`_
 - Publicized development activity on `GitHub`_
 - Regular releases to the `Python Package Index`_
 
 .. _GitHub Actions: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions
-.. _AppVeyor: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/Python-pillow/pillow
 .. _GitHub: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow
 .. _Python Package Index: https://pypi.org/project/pillow/
 

docs/deprecations.rst

@@ -175,6 +175,24 @@ deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 12 (2025-10-15). They were used for obt
 raw pointers to ``ImagingCore`` internals. To interact with C code, you can use
 ``Image.Image.getim()``, which returns a ``Capsule`` object.
 
+ExifTags.IFD.Makernote
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.1.0
+
+``ExifTags.IFD.Makernote`` has been deprecated. Instead, use
+``ExifTags.IFD.MakerNote``.
+
+Image.Image.get_child_images()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.2.0
+
+``Image.Image.get_child_images()`` has been deprecated. and will be removed in Pillow
+13 (2026-10-15). It will be moved to ``ImageFile.ImageFile.get_child_images()``. The
+method uses an image's file pointer, and so child images could only be retrieved from
+an :py:class:`PIL.ImageFile.ImageFile` instance.
+
 Removed features
 ----------------
 

docs/handbook/image-file-formats.rst

@@ -1208,6 +1208,11 @@ The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method can take the following keyword argum
 
     .. versionadded:: 8.4.0
 
+**big_tiff**
+    If true, the image will be saved as a BigTIFF.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 11.1.0
+
 **compression**
     A string containing the desired compression method for the
     file. (valid only with libtiff installed) Valid compression

docs/index.rst

@@ -33,10 +33,6 @@ Pillow for enterprise is available via the Tidelift Subscription. `Learn more <h
    :target: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-cygwin.yml
    :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Test Cygwin)
 
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/appveyor/build/python-pillow/Pillow/main.svg?label=Windows%20build
-   :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow
-   :alt: AppVeyor CI build status (Windows)
-
 .. image:: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Wheels/badge.svg
    :target: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml
    :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Wheels)

docs/installation/platform-support.rst

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | CentOS Stream 9                  | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
+| CentOS Stream 10                 | 3.12                       | x86-64              |
++----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Debian 12 Bookworm               | 3.11                       | x86, x86-64         |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Fedora 40                        | 3.12                       | x86-64              |
@@ -42,18 +44,14 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Ubuntu Linux 22.04 LTS (Jammy)   | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11,           | x86-64              |
 |                                  | 3.12, 3.13, PyPy3          |                     |
-|                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
-|                                  | 3.10                       | arm64v8             |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Ubuntu Linux 24.04 LTS (Noble)   | 3.12                       | x86-64, ppc64le,    |
+| Ubuntu Linux 24.04 LTS (Noble)   | 3.12                       | x86-64, arm64v8,    |
-|                                  |                            | s390x               |
+|                                  |                            | ppc64le, s390x      |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Windows Server 2019              | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
+| Windows Server 2019              | 3.9                        | x86                 |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Windows Server 2022              | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11,           | x86-64              |
+| Windows Server 2022              | 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13,    | x86-64              |
-|                                  | 3.12, 3.13, PyPy3          |                     |
+|                                  | PyPy3                      |                     |
-|                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
-|                                  | 3.13                       | x86                 |
 |                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
 |                                  | 3.12 (MinGW)               | x86-64              |
 |                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
@@ -75,7 +73,7 @@ These platforms have been reported to work at the versions mentioned.
 | Operating system                 | | Tested Python            | | Latest tested  | | Tested     |
 |                                  | | versions                 | | Pillow version | | processors |
 +==================================+============================+==================+==============+
-| macOS 15 Sequoia                 | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13| 11.0.0           |arm           |
+| macOS 15 Sequoia                 | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13| 11.1.0           |arm           |
 |                                  +----------------------------+------------------+              |
 |                                  | 3.8                        | 10.4.0           |              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+------------------+--------------+

docs/reference/features.rst

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ Feature version numbers are available only where stated.
 Support for the following features can be checked:
 
 * ``libjpeg_turbo``: (compile time) Whether Pillow was compiled against the libjpeg-turbo version of libjpeg. Compile-time version number is available.
+* ``mozjpeg``: (compile time) Whether Pillow was compiled against the MozJPEG version of libjpeg. Compile-time version number is available.
 * ``zlib_ng``: (compile time) Whether Pillow was compiled against the zlib-ng version of zlib. Compile-time version number is available.
 * ``raqm``: Raqm library, required for ``ImageFont.Layout.RAQM`` in :py:func:`PIL.ImageFont.truetype`. Run-time version number is available for Raqm 0.7.0 or newer.
 * ``libimagequant``: (compile time) ImageQuant quantization support in :py:func:`PIL.Image.Image.quantize`. Run-time version number is available.

docs/releasenotes/11.1.0.rst

@@ -1,32 +1,14 @@
 11.1.0
 ------
 
-Security
-========
-
-TODO
-^^^^
-
-TODO
-
-:cve:`YYYY-XXXXX`: TODO
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-TODO
-
-Backwards Incompatible Changes
-==============================
-
-TODO
-^^^^
-
 Deprecations
 ============
 
-TODO
+ExifTags.IFD.Makernote
-^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-TODO
+``ExifTags.IFD.Makernote`` has been deprecated. Instead, use
+``ExifTags.IFD.MakerNote``.
 
 API Changes
 ===========
@@ -65,6 +47,13 @@ zlib library, and what version of zlib-ng is being used::
     features.check_feature("zlib_ng")  # True or False
     features.version_feature("zlib_ng")  # "2.2.2" for example, or None
 
+Saving TIFF as BigTIFF
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+TIFF images can now be saved as BigTIFF using a ``big_tiff`` argument::
+
+    im.save("out.tiff", big_tiff=True)
+
 Other Changes
 =============
 
@@ -79,6 +68,11 @@ Saving JPEG 2000 CMYK images
 
 With OpenJPEG 2.5.3 or later, Pillow can now save CMYK images as JPEG 2000 files.
 
+Minimum C version
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+C99 is now the minimum version of C required to compile Pillow from source.
+
 zlib-ng in wheels
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 

docs/releasenotes/11.2.0.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+11.2.0
+------
+
+Security
+========
+
+TODO
+^^^^
+
+TODO
+
+:cve:`YYYY-XXXXX`: TODO
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+TODO
+
+Backwards Incompatible Changes
+==============================
+
+TODO
+^^^^
+
+Deprecations
+============
+
+Image.Image.get_child_images()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.2.0
+
+``Image.Image.get_child_images()`` has been deprecated. and will be removed in Pillow
+13 (2026-10-15). It will be moved to ``ImageFile.ImageFile.get_child_images()``. The
+method uses an image's file pointer, and so child images could only be retrieved from
+an :py:class:`PIL.ImageFile.ImageFile` instance.
+
+API Changes
+===========
+
+TODO
+^^^^
+
+TODO
+
+API Additions
+=============
+
+Check for MozJPEG
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+You can check if Pillow has been built against the MozJPEG version of the
+libjpeg library, and what version of MozJPEG is being used::
+
+    from PIL import features
+    features.check_feature("mozjpeg")  # True or False
+    features.version_feature("mozjpeg")  # "4.1.1" for example, or None
+
+Other Changes
+=============
+
+TODO
+^^^^
+
+TODO

docs/releasenotes/index.rst

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ expected to be backported to earlier versions.
 .. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2
 
+  11.2.0
   11.1.0
   11.0.0
   10.4.0

src/PIL/BlpImagePlugin.py

@@ -259,21 +259,36 @@ class BlpImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
     def _open(self) -> None:
         self.magic = self.fp.read(4)
-
+        if not _accept(self.magic):
-        self.fp.seek(5, os.SEEK_CUR)
-        (self._blp_alpha_depth,) = struct.unpack("<b", self.fp.read(1))
-
-        self.fp.seek(2, os.SEEK_CUR)
-        self._size = struct.unpack("<II", self.fp.read(8))
-
-        if self.magic in (b"BLP1", b"BLP2"):
-            decoder = self.magic.decode()
-        else:
             msg = f"Bad BLP magic {repr(self.magic)}"
             raise BLPFormatError(msg)
 
-        self._mode = "RGBA" if self._blp_alpha_depth else "RGB"
+        compression = struct.unpack("<i", self.fp.read(4))[0]
-        self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile(decoder, (0, 0) + self.size, 0, self.mode)]
+        if self.magic == b"BLP1":
+            alpha = struct.unpack("<I", self.fp.read(4))[0] != 0
+        else:
+            encoding = struct.unpack("<b", self.fp.read(1))[0]
+            alpha = struct.unpack("<b", self.fp.read(1))[0] != 0
+            alpha_encoding = struct.unpack("<b", self.fp.read(1))[0]
+            self.fp.seek(1, os.SEEK_CUR)  # mips
+
+        self._size = struct.unpack("<II", self.fp.read(8))
+
+        args: tuple[int, int, bool] | tuple[int, int, bool, int]
+        if self.magic == b"BLP1":
+            encoding = struct.unpack("<i", self.fp.read(4))[0]
+            self.fp.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)  # subtype
+
+            args = (compression, encoding, alpha)
+            offset = 28
+        else:
+            args = (compression, encoding, alpha, alpha_encoding)
+            offset = 20
+
+        decoder = self.magic.decode()
+
+        self._mode = "RGBA" if alpha else "RGB"
+        self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile(decoder, (0, 0) + self.size, offset, args)]
 
 
 class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
@@ -281,7 +296,7 @@ class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
 
     def decode(self, buffer: bytes | Image.SupportsArrayInterface) -> tuple[int, int]:
         try:
-            self._read_blp_header()
+            self._read_header()
             self._load()
         except struct.error as e:
             msg = "Truncated BLP file"
@@ -292,25 +307,9 @@ class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
     def _load(self) -> None:
         pass
 
-    def _read_blp_header(self) -> None:
+    def _read_header(self) -> None:
-        assert self.fd is not None
+        self._offsets = struct.unpack("<16I", self._safe_read(16 * 4))
-        self.fd.seek(4)
+        self._lengths = struct.unpack("<16I", self._safe_read(16 * 4))
-        (self._blp_compression,) = struct.unpack("<i", self._safe_read(4))
-
-        (self._blp_encoding,) = struct.unpack("<b", self._safe_read(1))
-        (self._blp_alpha_depth,) = struct.unpack("<b", self._safe_read(1))
-        (self._blp_alpha_encoding,) = struct.unpack("<b", self._safe_read(1))
-        self.fd.seek(1, os.SEEK_CUR)  # mips
-
-        self.size = struct.unpack("<II", self._safe_read(8))
-
-        if isinstance(self, BLP1Decoder):
-            # Only present for BLP1
-            (self._blp_encoding,) = struct.unpack("<i", self._safe_read(4))
-            self.fd.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)  # subtype
-
-        self._blp_offsets = struct.unpack("<16I", self._safe_read(16 * 4))
-        self._blp_lengths = struct.unpack("<16I", self._safe_read(16 * 4))
 
     def _safe_read(self, length: int) -> bytes:
         assert self.fd is not None
@@ -326,9 +325,11 @@ class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
             ret.append((b, g, r, a))
         return ret
 
-    def _read_bgra(self, palette: list[tuple[int, int, int, int]]) -> bytearray:
+    def _read_bgra(
+        self, palette: list[tuple[int, int, int, int]], alpha: bool
+    ) -> bytearray:
         data = bytearray()
-        _data = BytesIO(self._safe_read(self._blp_lengths[0]))
+        _data = BytesIO(self._safe_read(self._lengths[0]))
         while True:
             try:
                 (offset,) = struct.unpack("<B", _data.read(1))
@@ -336,7 +337,7 @@ class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
                 break
             b, g, r, a = palette[offset]
             d: tuple[int, ...] = (r, g, b)
-            if self._blp_alpha_depth:
+            if alpha:
                 d += (a,)
             data.extend(d)
         return data
@@ -344,19 +345,21 @@ class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
 
 class BLP1Decoder(_BLPBaseDecoder):
     def _load(self) -> None:
-        if self._blp_compression == Format.JPEG:
+        self._compression, self._encoding, alpha = self.args
+
+        if self._compression == Format.JPEG:
             self._decode_jpeg_stream()
 
-        elif self._blp_compression == 1:
+        elif self._compression == 1:
-            if self._blp_encoding in (4, 5):
+            if self._encoding in (4, 5):
                 palette = self._read_palette()
-                data = self._read_bgra(palette)
+                data = self._read_bgra(palette, alpha)
                 self.set_as_raw(data)
             else:
-                msg = f"Unsupported BLP encoding {repr(self._blp_encoding)}"
+                msg = f"Unsupported BLP encoding {repr(self._encoding)}"
                 raise BLPFormatError(msg)
         else:
-            msg = f"Unsupported BLP compression {repr(self._blp_encoding)}"
+            msg = f"Unsupported BLP compression {repr(self._encoding)}"
             raise BLPFormatError(msg)
 
     def _decode_jpeg_stream(self) -> None:
@@ -365,65 +368,61 @@ class BLP1Decoder(_BLPBaseDecoder):
         (jpeg_header_size,) = struct.unpack("<I", self._safe_read(4))
         jpeg_header = self._safe_read(jpeg_header_size)
         assert self.fd is not None
-        self._safe_read(self._blp_offsets[0] - self.fd.tell())  # What IS this?
+        self._safe_read(self._offsets[0] - self.fd.tell())  # What IS this?
-        data = self._safe_read(self._blp_lengths[0])
+        data = self._safe_read(self._lengths[0])
         data = jpeg_header + data
         image = JpegImageFile(BytesIO(data))
         Image._decompression_bomb_check(image.size)
         if image.mode == "CMYK":
-            decoder_name, extents, offset, args = image.tile[0]
+            args = image.tile[0].args
             assert isinstance(args, tuple)
-            image.tile = [
+            image.tile = [image.tile[0]._replace(args=(args[0], "CMYK"))]
-                ImageFile._Tile(decoder_name, extents, offset, (args[0], "CMYK"))
+        self.set_as_raw(image.convert("RGB").tobytes(), "BGR")
-            ]
-        r, g, b = image.convert("RGB").split()
-        reversed_image = Image.merge("RGB", (b, g, r))
-        self.set_as_raw(reversed_image.tobytes())
 
 
 class BLP2Decoder(_BLPBaseDecoder):
     def _load(self) -> None:
+        self._compression, self._encoding, alpha, self._alpha_encoding = self.args
+
         palette = self._read_palette()
 
         assert self.fd is not None
-        self.fd.seek(self._blp_offsets[0])
+        self.fd.seek(self._offsets[0])
 
-        if self._blp_compression == 1:
+        if self._compression == 1:
             # Uncompressed or DirectX compression
 
-            if self._blp_encoding == Encoding.UNCOMPRESSED:
+            if self._encoding == Encoding.UNCOMPRESSED:
-                data = self._read_bgra(palette)
+                data = self._read_bgra(palette, alpha)
 
-            elif self._blp_encoding == Encoding.DXT:
+            elif self._encoding == Encoding.DXT:
                 data = bytearray()
-                if self._blp_alpha_encoding == AlphaEncoding.DXT1:
+                if self._alpha_encoding == AlphaEncoding.DXT1:
-                    linesize = (self.size[0] + 3) // 4 * 8
+                    linesize = (self.state.xsize + 3) // 4 * 8
-                    for yb in range((self.size[1] + 3) // 4):
+                    for yb in range((self.state.ysize + 3) // 4):
-                        for d in decode_dxt1(
+                        for d in decode_dxt1(self._safe_read(linesize), alpha):
-                            self._safe_read(linesize), alpha=bool(self._blp_alpha_depth)
-                        ):
                             data += d
 
-                elif self._blp_alpha_encoding == AlphaEncoding.DXT3:
+                elif self._alpha_encoding == AlphaEncoding.DXT3:
-                    linesize = (self.size[0] + 3) // 4 * 16
+                    linesize = (self.state.xsize + 3) // 4 * 16
-                    for yb in range((self.size[1] + 3) // 4):
+                    for yb in range((self.state.ysize + 3) // 4):
                         for d in decode_dxt3(self._safe_read(linesize)):
                             data += d
 
-                elif self._blp_alpha_encoding == AlphaEncoding.DXT5:
+                elif self._alpha_encoding == AlphaEncoding.DXT5:
-                    linesize = (self.size[0] + 3) // 4 * 16
+                    linesize = (self.state.xsize + 3) // 4 * 16
-                    for yb in range((self.size[1] + 3) // 4):
+                    for yb in range((self.state.ysize + 3) // 4):
                         for d in decode_dxt5(self._safe_read(linesize)):
                             data += d
                 else:
-                    msg = f"Unsupported alpha encoding {repr(self._blp_alpha_encoding)}"
+                    msg = f"Unsupported alpha encoding {repr(self._alpha_encoding)}"
                     raise BLPFormatError(msg)
             else:
-                msg = f"Unknown BLP encoding {repr(self._blp_encoding)}"
+                msg = f"Unknown BLP encoding {repr(self._encoding)}"
                 raise BLPFormatError(msg)
 
         else:
-            msg = f"Unknown BLP compression {repr(self._blp_compression)}"
+            msg = f"Unknown BLP compression {repr(self._compression)}"
             raise BLPFormatError(msg)
 
         self.set_as_raw(data)
@@ -472,8 +471,13 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
 
     assert im.palette is not None
     fp.write(struct.pack("<i", 1))  # Uncompressed or DirectX compression
+
+    alpha_depth = 1 if im.palette.mode == "RGBA" else 0
+    if magic == b"BLP1":
+        fp.write(struct.pack("<L", alpha_depth))
+    else:
         fp.write(struct.pack("<b", Encoding.UNCOMPRESSED))
-    fp.write(struct.pack("<b", 1 if im.palette.mode == "RGBA" else 0))
+        fp.write(struct.pack("<b", alpha_depth))
         fp.write(struct.pack("<b", 0))  # alpha encoding
         fp.write(struct.pack("<b", 0))  # mips
     fp.write(struct.pack("<II", *im.size))

src/PIL/ExifTags.py

@@ -353,6 +353,7 @@ class IFD(IntEnum):
     Exif = 0x8769
     GPSInfo = 0x8825
     MakerNote = 0x927C
+    Makernote = 0x927C  # Deprecated
     Interop = 0xA005
     IFD1 = -1
 

src/PIL/Image.py

@@ -603,24 +603,16 @@ class Image:
     def __enter__(self):
         return self
 
-    def _close_fp(self):
-        if getattr(self, "_fp", False) and not isinstance(self._fp, DeferredError):
-            if self._fp != self.fp:
-                self._fp.close()
-            self._fp = DeferredError(ValueError("Operation on closed image"))
-        if self.fp:
-            self.fp.close()
-
     def __exit__(self, *args):
-        if hasattr(self, "fp"):
+        from . import ImageFile
+
+        if isinstance(self, ImageFile.ImageFile):
             if getattr(self, "_exclusive_fp", False):
                 self._close_fp()
             self.fp = None
 
     def close(self) -> None:
         """
-        Closes the file pointer, if possible.
-
         This operation will destroy the image core and release its memory.
         The image data will be unusable afterward.
 
@@ -629,13 +621,6 @@ class Image:
         :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.load` method. See :ref:`file-handling` for
         more information.
         """
-        if hasattr(self, "fp"):
-            try:
-                self._close_fp()
-                self.fp = None
-            except Exception as msg:
-                logger.debug("Error closing: %s", msg)
-
         if getattr(self, "map", None):
             self.map: mmap.mmap | None = None
 
@@ -1554,50 +1539,10 @@ class Image:
         self.getexif()
 
     def get_child_images(self) -> list[ImageFile.ImageFile]:
-        child_images = []
+        from . import ImageFile
-        exif = self.getexif()
-        ifds = []
-        if ExifTags.Base.SubIFDs in exif:
-            subifd_offsets = exif[ExifTags.Base.SubIFDs]
-            if subifd_offsets:
-                if not isinstance(subifd_offsets, tuple):
-                    subifd_offsets = (subifd_offsets,)
-                for subifd_offset in subifd_offsets:
-                    ifds.append((exif._get_ifd_dict(subifd_offset), subifd_offset))
-        ifd1 = exif.get_ifd(ExifTags.IFD.IFD1)
-        if ifd1 and ifd1.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFOffset):
-            assert exif._info is not None
-            ifds.append((ifd1, exif._info.next))
 
-        offset = None
+        deprecate("Image.Image.get_child_images", 13)
-        for ifd, ifd_offset in ifds:
+        return ImageFile.ImageFile.get_child_images(self)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-            current_offset = self.fp.tell()
-            if offset is None:
-                offset = current_offset
-
-            fp = self.fp
-            if ifd is not None:
-                thumbnail_offset = ifd.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFOffset)
-                if thumbnail_offset is not None:
-                    thumbnail_offset += getattr(self, "_exif_offset", 0)
-                    self.fp.seek(thumbnail_offset)
-                    data = self.fp.read(ifd.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFByteCount))
-                    fp = io.BytesIO(data)
-
-            with open(fp) as im:
-                from . import TiffImagePlugin
-
-                if thumbnail_offset is None and isinstance(
-                    im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile
-                ):
-                    im._frame_pos = [ifd_offset]
-                    im._seek(0)
-                im.load()
-                child_images.append(im)
-
-        if offset is not None:
-            self.fp.seek(offset)
-        return child_images
 
     def getim(self) -> CapsuleType:
         """

src/PIL/ImageFile.py

@@ -31,18 +31,21 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import abc
 import io
 import itertools
+import logging
 import os
 import struct
 import sys
 from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, NamedTuple, cast
 
-from . import Image
+from . import ExifTags, Image
 from ._deprecate import deprecate
-from ._util import is_path
+from ._util import DeferredError, is_path
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from ._typing import StrOrBytesPath
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 MAXBLOCK = 65536
 
 SAFEBLOCK = 1024 * 1024
@@ -163,6 +166,85 @@ class ImageFile(Image.Image):
     def _open(self) -> None:
         pass
 
+    def _close_fp(self):
+        if getattr(self, "_fp", False) and not isinstance(self._fp, DeferredError):
+            if self._fp != self.fp:
+                self._fp.close()
+            self._fp = DeferredError(ValueError("Operation on closed image"))
+        if self.fp:
+            self.fp.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Closes the file pointer, if possible.
+
+        This operation will destroy the image core and release its memory.
+        The image data will be unusable afterward.
+
+        This function is required to close images that have multiple frames or
+        have not had their file read and closed by the
+        :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.load` method. See :ref:`file-handling` for
+        more information.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._close_fp()
+            self.fp = None
+        except Exception as msg:
+            logger.debug("Error closing: %s", msg)
+
+        super().close()
+
+    def get_child_images(self) -> list[ImageFile]:
+        child_images = []
+        exif = self.getexif()
+        ifds = []
+        if ExifTags.Base.SubIFDs in exif:
+            subifd_offsets = exif[ExifTags.Base.SubIFDs]
+            if subifd_offsets:
+                if not isinstance(subifd_offsets, tuple):
+                    subifd_offsets = (subifd_offsets,)
+                for subifd_offset in subifd_offsets:
+                    ifds.append((exif._get_ifd_dict(subifd_offset), subifd_offset))
+        ifd1 = exif.get_ifd(ExifTags.IFD.IFD1)
+        if ifd1 and ifd1.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFOffset):
+            assert exif._info is not None
+            ifds.append((ifd1, exif._info.next))
+
+        offset = None
+        for ifd, ifd_offset in ifds:
+            assert self.fp is not None
+            current_offset = self.fp.tell()
+            if offset is None:
+                offset = current_offset
+
+            fp = self.fp
+            if ifd is not None:
+                thumbnail_offset = ifd.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFOffset)
+                if thumbnail_offset is not None:
+                    thumbnail_offset += getattr(self, "_exif_offset", 0)
+                    self.fp.seek(thumbnail_offset)
+
+                    length = ifd.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFByteCount)
+                    assert isinstance(length, int)
+                    data = self.fp.read(length)
+                    fp = io.BytesIO(data)
+
+            with Image.open(fp) as im:
+                from . import TiffImagePlugin
+
+                if thumbnail_offset is None and isinstance(
+                    im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile
+                ):
+                    im._frame_pos = [ifd_offset]
+                    im._seek(0)
+                im.load()
+                child_images.append(im)
+
+        if offset is not None:
+            assert self.fp is not None
+            self.fp.seek(offset)
+        return child_images
+
     def get_format_mimetype(self) -> str | None:
         if self.custom_mimetype:
             return self.custom_mimetype

src/PIL/ImageOps.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import functools
 import operator
 import re
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import Protocol, cast
+from typing import Literal, Protocol, cast, overload
 
 from . import ExifTags, Image, ImagePalette
 
@@ -673,6 +673,16 @@ def solarize(image: Image.Image, threshold: int = 128) -> Image.Image:
     return _lut(image, lut)
 
 
+@overload
+def exif_transpose(image: Image.Image, *, in_place: Literal[True]) -> None: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def exif_transpose(
+    image: Image.Image, *, in_place: Literal[False] = False
+) -> Image.Image: ...
+
+
 def exif_transpose(image: Image.Image, *, in_place: bool = False) -> Image.Image | None:
     """
     If an image has an EXIF Orientation tag, other than 1, transpose the image

src/PIL/SpiderImagePlugin.py

@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ def makeSpiderHeader(im: Image.Image) -> list[bytes]:
 
 
 def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
-    if im.mode[0] != "F":
+    if im.mode != "F":
         im = im.convert("F")
 
     hdr = makeSpiderHeader(im)

src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py

@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ class ImageFileDirectory_v2(_IFDv2Base):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        ifh: bytes = b"II\052\0\0\0\0\0",
+        ifh: bytes = b"II\x2A\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00",
         prefix: bytes | None = None,
         group: int | None = None,
     ) -> None:
@@ -949,12 +949,25 @@ class ImageFileDirectory_v2(_IFDv2Base):
             warnings.warn(str(msg))
             return
 
+    def _get_ifh(self) -> bytes:
+        ifh = self._prefix + self._pack("H", 43 if self._bigtiff else 42)
+        if self._bigtiff:
+            ifh += self._pack("HH", 8, 0)
+        ifh += self._pack("Q", 16) if self._bigtiff else self._pack("L", 8)
+
+        return ifh
+
     def tobytes(self, offset: int = 0) -> bytes:
         # FIXME What about tagdata?
-        result = self._pack("H", len(self._tags_v2))
+        result = self._pack("Q" if self._bigtiff else "H", len(self._tags_v2))
 
         entries: list[tuple[int, int, int, bytes, bytes]] = []
-        offset = offset + len(result) + len(self._tags_v2) * 12 + 4
+
+        fmt = "Q" if self._bigtiff else "L"
+        fmt_size = 8 if self._bigtiff else 4
+        offset += (
+            len(result) + len(self._tags_v2) * (20 if self._bigtiff else 12) + fmt_size
+        )
         stripoffsets = None
 
         # pass 1: convert tags to binary format
@@ -966,11 +979,7 @@ class ImageFileDirectory_v2(_IFDv2Base):
             logger.debug("Tag %s, Type: %s, Value: %s", tag, typ, repr(value))
             is_ifd = typ == TiffTags.LONG and isinstance(value, dict)
             if is_ifd:
-                if self._endian == "<":
+                ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(self._get_ifh(), group=tag)
-                    ifh = b"II\x2A\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00"
-                else:
-                    ifh = b"MM\x00\x2A\x00\x00\x00\x08"
-                ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(ifh, group=tag)
                 values = self._tags_v2[tag]
                 for ifd_tag, ifd_value in values.items():
                     ifd[ifd_tag] = ifd_value
@@ -993,10 +1002,10 @@ class ImageFileDirectory_v2(_IFDv2Base):
             else:
                 count = len(values)
             # figure out if data fits into the entry
-            if len(data) <= 4:
+            if len(data) <= fmt_size:
-                entries.append((tag, typ, count, data.ljust(4, b"\0"), b""))
+                entries.append((tag, typ, count, data.ljust(fmt_size, b"\0"), b""))
             else:
-                entries.append((tag, typ, count, self._pack("L", offset), data))
+                entries.append((tag, typ, count, self._pack(fmt, offset), data))
                 offset += (len(data) + 1) // 2 * 2  # pad to word
 
         # update strip offset data to point beyond auxiliary data
@@ -1007,16 +1016,18 @@ class ImageFileDirectory_v2(_IFDv2Base):
                 values = [val + offset for val in handler(self, data, self.legacy_api)]
                 data = self._write_dispatch[typ](self, *values)
             else:
-                value = self._pack("L", self._unpack("L", value)[0] + offset)
+                value = self._pack(fmt, self._unpack(fmt, value)[0] + offset)
             entries[stripoffsets] = tag, typ, count, value, data
 
         # pass 2: write entries to file
         for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:
             logger.debug("%s %s %s %s %s", tag, typ, count, repr(value), repr(data))
-            result += self._pack("HHL4s", tag, typ, count, value)
+            result += self._pack(
+                "HHQ8s" if self._bigtiff else "HHL4s", tag, typ, count, value
+            )
 
         # -- overwrite here for multi-page --
-        result += b"\0\0\0\0"  # end of entries
+        result += self._pack(fmt, 0)  # end of entries
 
         # pass 3: write auxiliary data to file
         for tag, typ, count, value, data in entries:
@@ -1028,8 +1039,7 @@ class ImageFileDirectory_v2(_IFDv2Base):
 
     def save(self, fp: IO[bytes]) -> int:
         if fp.tell() == 0:  # skip TIFF header on subsequent pages
-            # tiff header -- PIL always starts the first IFD at offset 8
+            fp.write(self._get_ifh())
-            fp.write(self._prefix + self._pack("HL", 42, 8))
 
         offset = fp.tell()
         result = self.tobytes(offset)
@@ -1401,7 +1411,8 @@ class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             self.fp = None  # might be shared
 
         if err < 0:
-            raise OSError(err)
+            msg = f"decoder error {err}"
+            raise OSError(msg)
 
         return Image.Image.load(self)
 
@@ -1561,17 +1572,6 @@ class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                 # fillorder==2 modes have a corresponding
                 # fillorder=1 mode
                 self._mode, rawmode = OPEN_INFO[key]
-            # libtiff always returns the bytes in native order.
-            # we're expecting image byte order. So, if the rawmode
-            # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image
-            # byte order.
-            if rawmode == "I;16":
-                rawmode = "I;16N"
-            if ";16B" in rawmode:
-                rawmode = rawmode.replace(";16B", ";16N")
-            if ";16L" in rawmode:
-                rawmode = rawmode.replace(";16L", ";16N")
-
             # YCbCr images with new jpeg compression with pixels in one plane
             # unpacked straight into RGB values
             if (
@@ -1580,6 +1580,14 @@ class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                 and self._planar_configuration == 1
             ):
                 rawmode = "RGB"
+            # libtiff always returns the bytes in native order.
+            # we're expecting image byte order. So, if the rawmode
+            # contains I;16, we need to convert from native to image
+            # byte order.
+            elif rawmode == "I;16":
+                rawmode = "I;16N"
+            elif rawmode.endswith(";16B") or rawmode.endswith(";16L"):
+                rawmode = rawmode[:-1] + "N"
 
             # Offset in the tile tuple is 0, we go from 0,0 to
             # w,h, and we only do this once -- eds
@@ -1685,10 +1693,13 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
         msg = f"cannot write mode {im.mode} as TIFF"
         raise OSError(msg) from e
 
-    ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=prefix)
-
     encoderinfo = im.encoderinfo
     encoderconfig = im.encoderconfig
+
+    ifd = ImageFileDirectory_v2(prefix=prefix)
+    if encoderinfo.get("big_tiff"):
+        ifd._bigtiff = True
+
     try:
         compression = encoderinfo["compression"]
     except KeyError:
@@ -2038,20 +2049,21 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
         self.offsetOfNewPage = 0
 
         self.IIMM = iimm = self.f.read(4)
+        self._bigtiff = b"\x2B" in iimm
         if not iimm:
             # empty file - first page
             self.isFirst = True
             return
 
         self.isFirst = False
-        if iimm == b"II\x2a\x00":
+        if iimm not in PREFIXES:
-            self.setEndian("<")
-        elif iimm == b"MM\x00\x2a":
-            self.setEndian(">")
-        else:
             msg = "Invalid TIFF file header"
             raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
+        self.setEndian("<" if iimm.startswith(II) else ">")
+
+        if self._bigtiff:
+            self.f.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)
         self.skipIFDs()
         self.goToEnd()
 
@@ -2071,11 +2083,13 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
             msg = "IIMM of new page doesn't match IIMM of first page"
             raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
-        ifd_offset = self.readLong()
+        if self._bigtiff:
+            self.f.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)
+        ifd_offset = self._read(8 if self._bigtiff else 4)
         ifd_offset += self.offsetOfNewPage
         assert self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset is not None
         self.f.seek(self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset)
-        self.writeLong(ifd_offset)
+        self._write(ifd_offset, 8 if self._bigtiff else 4)
         self.f.seek(ifd_offset)
         self.fixIFD()
 
@@ -2121,18 +2135,20 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
         self.endian = endian
         self.longFmt = f"{self.endian}L"
         self.shortFmt = f"{self.endian}H"
-        self.tagFormat = f"{self.endian}HHL"
+        self.tagFormat = f"{self.endian}HH" + ("Q" if self._bigtiff else "L")
 
     def skipIFDs(self) -> None:
         while True:
-            ifd_offset = self.readLong()
+            ifd_offset = self._read(8 if self._bigtiff else 4)
             if ifd_offset == 0:
-                self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = self.f.tell() - 4
+                self.whereToWriteNewIFDOffset = self.f.tell() - (
+                    8 if self._bigtiff else 4
+                )
                 break
 
             self.f.seek(ifd_offset)
-            num_tags = self.readShort()
+            num_tags = self._read(8 if self._bigtiff else 2)
-            self.f.seek(num_tags * 12, os.SEEK_CUR)
+            self.f.seek(num_tags * (20 if self._bigtiff else 12), os.SEEK_CUR)
 
     def write(self, data: Buffer, /) -> int:
         return self.f.write(data)
@@ -2162,17 +2178,19 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
             msg = f"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted {expected}"
             raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
-    def rewriteLastShortToLong(self, value: int) -> None:
+    def _rewriteLast(
-        self.f.seek(-2, os.SEEK_CUR)
+        self, value: int, field_size: int, new_field_size: int = 0
-        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))
+    ) -> None:
-        self._verify_bytes_written(bytes_written, 4)
-
-    def _rewriteLast(self, value: int, field_size: int) -> None:
         self.f.seek(-field_size, os.SEEK_CUR)
+        if not new_field_size:
+            new_field_size = field_size
         bytes_written = self.f.write(
-            struct.pack(self.endian + self._fmt(field_size), value)
+            struct.pack(self.endian + self._fmt(new_field_size), value)
         )
-        self._verify_bytes_written(bytes_written, field_size)
+        self._verify_bytes_written(bytes_written, new_field_size)
+
+    def rewriteLastShortToLong(self, value: int) -> None:
+        self._rewriteLast(value, 2, 4)
 
     def rewriteLastShort(self, value: int) -> None:
         return self._rewriteLast(value, 2)
@@ -2180,13 +2198,17 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
     def rewriteLastLong(self, value: int) -> None:
         return self._rewriteLast(value, 4)
 
+    def _write(self, value: int, field_size: int) -> None:
+        bytes_written = self.f.write(
+            struct.pack(self.endian + self._fmt(field_size), value)
+        )
+        self._verify_bytes_written(bytes_written, field_size)
+
     def writeShort(self, value: int) -> None:
-        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.shortFmt, value))
+        self._write(value, 2)
-        self._verify_bytes_written(bytes_written, 2)
 
     def writeLong(self, value: int) -> None:
-        bytes_written = self.f.write(struct.pack(self.longFmt, value))
+        self._write(value, 4)
-        self._verify_bytes_written(bytes_written, 4)
 
     def close(self) -> None:
         self.finalize()
@@ -2194,24 +2216,37 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
             self.f.close()
 
     def fixIFD(self) -> None:
-        num_tags = self.readShort()
+        num_tags = self._read(8 if self._bigtiff else 2)
 
         for i in range(num_tags):
-            tag, field_type, count = struct.unpack(self.tagFormat, self.f.read(8))
+            tag, field_type, count = struct.unpack(
+                self.tagFormat, self.f.read(12 if self._bigtiff else 8)
+            )
 
             field_size = self.fieldSizes[field_type]
             total_size = field_size * count
-            is_local = total_size <= 4
+            fmt_size = 8 if self._bigtiff else 4
+            is_local = total_size <= fmt_size
             if not is_local:
-                offset = self.readLong() + self.offsetOfNewPage
+                offset = self._read(fmt_size) + self.offsetOfNewPage
-                self.rewriteLastLong(offset)
+                self._rewriteLast(offset, fmt_size)
 
             if tag in self.Tags:
                 cur_pos = self.f.tell()
 
+                logger.debug(
+                    "fixIFD: %s (%d) - type: %s (%d) - type size: %d - count: %d",
+                    TiffTags.lookup(tag).name,
+                    tag,
+                    TYPES.get(field_type, "unknown"),
+                    field_type,
+                    field_size,
+                    count,
+                )
+
                 if is_local:
                     self._fixOffsets(count, field_size)
-                    self.f.seek(cur_pos + 4)
+                    self.f.seek(cur_pos + fmt_size)
                 else:
                     self.f.seek(offset)
                     self._fixOffsets(count, field_size)
@@ -2219,24 +2254,33 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter(io.BytesIO):
 
             elif is_local:
                 # skip the locally stored value that is not an offset
-                self.f.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)
+                self.f.seek(fmt_size, os.SEEK_CUR)
 
     def _fixOffsets(self, count: int, field_size: int) -> None:
         for i in range(count):
             offset = self._read(field_size)
             offset += self.offsetOfNewPage
-            if field_size == 2 and offset >= 65536:
+
-                # offset is now too large - we must convert shorts to longs
+            new_field_size = 0
+            if self._bigtiff and field_size in (2, 4) and offset >= 2**32:
+                # offset is now too large - we must convert long to long8
+                new_field_size = 8
+            elif field_size == 2 and offset >= 2**16:
+                # offset is now too large - we must convert short to long
+                new_field_size = 4
+            if new_field_size:
                 if count != 1:
                     msg = "not implemented"
                     raise RuntimeError(msg)  # XXX TODO
 
                 # simple case - the offset is just one and therefore it is
                 # local (not referenced with another offset)
-                self.rewriteLastShortToLong(offset)
+                self._rewriteLast(offset, field_size, new_field_size)
-                self.f.seek(-10, os.SEEK_CUR)
+                # Move back past the new offset, past 'count', and before 'field_type'
-                self.writeShort(TiffTags.LONG)  # rewrite the type to LONG
+                rewind = -new_field_size - 4 - 2
-                self.f.seek(8, os.SEEK_CUR)
+                self.f.seek(rewind, os.SEEK_CUR)
+                self.writeShort(new_field_size)  # rewrite the type
+                self.f.seek(2 - rewind, os.SEEK_CUR)
             else:
                 self._rewriteLast(offset, field_size)
 

src/PIL/_deprecate.py

@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ def deprecate(
         raise RuntimeError(msg)
     elif when == 12:
         removed = "Pillow 12 (2025-10-15)"
+    elif when == 13:
+        removed = "Pillow 13 (2026-10-15)"
     else:
         msg = f"Unknown removal version: {when}. Update {__name__}?"
         raise ValueError(msg)

src/PIL/_version.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # Master version for Pillow
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-__version__ = "11.1.0.dev0"
+__version__ = "11.2.0.dev0"

src/PIL/features.py

@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ features: dict[str, tuple[str, str | bool, str | None]] = {
     "fribidi": ("PIL._imagingft", "HAVE_FRIBIDI", "fribidi_version"),
     "harfbuzz": ("PIL._imagingft", "HAVE_HARFBUZZ", "harfbuzz_version"),
     "libjpeg_turbo": ("PIL._imaging", "HAVE_LIBJPEGTURBO", "libjpeg_turbo_version"),
+    "mozjpeg": ("PIL._imaging", "HAVE_MOZJPEG", "libjpeg_turbo_version"),
     "zlib_ng": ("PIL._imaging", "HAVE_ZLIBNG", "zlib_ng_version"),
     "libimagequant": ("PIL._imaging", "HAVE_LIBIMAGEQUANT", "imagequant_version"),
     "xcb": ("PIL._imaging", "HAVE_XCB", None),
@@ -300,7 +301,8 @@ def pilinfo(out: IO[str] | None = None, supported_formats: bool = True) -> None:
             if name == "jpg":
                 libjpeg_turbo_version = version_feature("libjpeg_turbo")
                 if libjpeg_turbo_version is not None:
-                    v = "libjpeg-turbo " + libjpeg_turbo_version
+                    v = "mozjpeg" if check_feature("mozjpeg") else "libjpeg-turbo"
+                    v += " " + libjpeg_turbo_version
             if v is None:
                 v = version(name)
             if v is not None:

src/_imaging.c

@@ -76,6 +76,13 @@
 
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBJPEG
 #include "jconfig.h"
+#ifdef LIBJPEG_TURBO_VERSION
+#define JCONFIG_INCLUDED
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+#define _BASETSD_H
+#endif
+#include "jpeglib.h"
+#endif
 #endif
 
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBZ
@@ -4367,6 +4374,15 @@ setup_module(PyObject *m) {
     Py_INCREF(have_libjpegturbo);
     PyModule_AddObject(m, "HAVE_LIBJPEGTURBO", have_libjpegturbo);
 
+    PyObject *have_mozjpeg;
+#ifdef JPEG_C_PARAM_SUPPORTED
+    have_mozjpeg = Py_True;
+#else
+    have_mozjpeg = Py_False;
+#endif
+    Py_INCREF(have_mozjpeg);
+    PyModule_AddObject(m, "HAVE_MOZJPEG", have_mozjpeg);
+
     PyObject *have_libimagequant;
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBIMAGEQUANT
     have_libimagequant = Py_True;

src/_imagingft.c

@@ -339,29 +339,23 @@ text_layout_raqm(
         len = PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(seq);
         for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
             PyObject *item = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(seq, j);
-            char *feature = NULL;
-            Py_ssize_t size = 0;
-            PyObject *bytes;
-
             if (!PyUnicode_Check(item)) {
                 Py_DECREF(seq);
                 PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "expected a string");
                 goto failed;
             }
-            bytes = PyUnicode_AsUTF8String(item);
+
-            if (bytes == NULL) {
+            Py_ssize_t size;
+            const char *feature = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(item, &size);
+            if (feature == NULL) {
                 Py_DECREF(seq);
                 goto failed;
             }
-            feature = PyBytes_AS_STRING(bytes);
-            size = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(bytes);
             if (!raqm_add_font_feature(rq, feature, size)) {
                 Py_DECREF(seq);
-                Py_DECREF(bytes);
                 PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "raqm_add_font_feature() failed");
                 goto failed;
             }
-            Py_DECREF(bytes);
         }
         Py_DECREF(seq);
     }

src/libImaging/ImPlatform.h

@@ -44,8 +44,6 @@
    defines their own types with the same names, so we need to be able to undef
    ours before including the JPEG code. */
 
-#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L /* C99+ */
-
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #define INT8 int8_t
@@ -55,34 +53,6 @@
 #define INT32 int32_t
 #define UINT32 uint32_t
 
-#else /* < C99 */
-
-#define INT8 signed char
-
-#if SIZEOF_SHORT == 2
-#define INT16 short
-#elif SIZEOF_INT == 2
-#define INT16 int
-#else
-#error Cannot find required 16-bit integer type
-#endif
-
-#if SIZEOF_SHORT == 4
-#define INT32 short
-#elif SIZEOF_INT == 4
-#define INT32 int
-#elif SIZEOF_LONG == 4
-#define INT32 long
-#else
-#error Cannot find required 32-bit integer type
-#endif
-
-#define UINT8 unsigned char
-#define UINT16 unsigned INT16
-#define UINT32 unsigned INT32
-
-#endif /* < C99 */
-
 #endif /* not WIN */
 
 /* assume IEEE; tweak if necessary (patches are welcome) */

src/libImaging/JpegEncode.c

@@ -135,6 +135,15 @@ ImagingJpegEncode(Imaging im, ImagingCodecState state, UINT8 *buf, int bytes) {
             }
 
                 /* Compressor configuration */
+#ifdef JPEG_C_PARAM_SUPPORTED
+            /* MozJPEG */
+            if (!context->progressive) {
+                /* Do not use MozJPEG progressive default */
+                jpeg_c_set_int_param(
+                    &context->cinfo, JINT_COMPRESS_PROFILE, JCP_FASTEST
+                );
+            }
+#endif
             jpeg_set_defaults(&context->cinfo);
 
             /* Prevent RGB -> YCbCr conversion */

src/libImaging/Unpack.c

@@ -1664,6 +1664,7 @@ static struct {
     {"RGBA", "RGBaXX", 48, unpackRGBaskip2},
     {"RGBA", "RGBa;16L", 64, unpackRGBa16L},
     {"RGBA", "RGBa;16B", 64, unpackRGBa16B},
+    {"RGBA", "BGR", 24, ImagingUnpackBGR},
     {"RGBA", "BGRa", 32, unpackBGRa},
     {"RGBA", "RGBA;I", 32, unpackRGBAI},
     {"RGBA", "RGBA;L", 32, unpackRGBAL},

winbuild/README.md

@@ -11,10 +11,11 @@ For more extensive info, see the [Windows build instructions](build.rst).
 * Requires Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 or newer with C++ component.
 * Requires NASM for libjpeg-turbo, a required dependency when using this script.
 * Requires CMake 3.15 or newer (available as Visual Studio component).
-* Tested on Windows Server 2019 with Visual Studio 2019 Community and Visual Studio 2022 Community (AppVeyor).
+* Tested on Windows Server 2022 with Visual Studio 2022 Enterprise and Windows Server
-* Tested on Windows Server 2022 with Visual Studio 2022 Enterprise (GitHub Actions).
+  2019 with Visual Studio 2019 Enterprise (GitHub Actions).
+
+Here's an example script to build on Windows:
 
-The following is a simplified version of the script used on AppVeyor:
 ```
 set PYTHON=C:\Python39\bin
 cd /D C:\Pillow\winbuild

winbuild/build.rst

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Building Pillow on Windows
           be sufficient.
 
 This page describes the steps necessary to build Pillow using the same
-scripts used on GitHub Actions and AppVeyor CIs.
+scripts used on GitHub Actions CI.
 
 Prerequisites
 -------------
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ directory.
 Example
 -------
 
-The following is a simplified version of the script used on AppVeyor::
+Here's an example script to build on Windows::
 
     set PYTHON=C:\Python39\bin
     cd /D C:\Pillow\winbuild

winbuild/build_prepare.py

@@ -116,14 +116,13 @@ V = {
     "HARFBUZZ": "10.1.0",
     "JPEGTURBO": "3.1.0",
     "LCMS2": "2.16",
-    "LIBPNG": "1.6.44",
+    "LIBPNG": "1.6.45",
     "LIBWEBP": "1.5.0",
     "OPENJPEG": "2.5.3",
     "TIFF": "4.6.0",
     "XZ": "5.6.3",
-    "ZLIBNG": "2.2.2",
+    "ZLIBNG": "2.2.3",
 }
-V["LIBPNG_DOTLESS"] = V["LIBPNG"].replace(".", "")
 V["LIBPNG_XY"] = "".join(V["LIBPNG"].split(".")[:2])
 
 
@@ -241,8 +240,8 @@ DEPS: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {
     },
     "libpng": {
         "url": f"{SF_PROJECTS}/libpng/files/libpng{V['LIBPNG_XY']}/{V['LIBPNG']}/"
-        f"lpng{V['LIBPNG_DOTLESS']}.zip/download",
+        f"FILENAME/download",
-        "filename": f"lpng{V['LIBPNG_DOTLESS']}.zip",
+        "filename": f"libpng-{V['LIBPNG']}.tar.gz",
         "license": "LICENSE",
         "build": [
             *cmds_cmake("png_static", "-DPNG_SHARED:BOOL=OFF", "-DPNG_TESTS:BOOL=OFF"),