Merge branch 'main' into msys

.ci/install.sh

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 
 aptget_update()
 {
-    if [ ! -z $1 ]; then
+    if [ -n "$1" ]; then
         echo ""
         echo "Retrying apt-get update..."
         echo ""
     fi
-    output=`sudo apt-get update 2>&1`
+    output=$(sudo apt-get update 2>&1)
     echo "$output"
     if [[ $output == *[WE]:\ * ]]; then
         return 1

.ci/requirements-cibw.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-cibuildwheel==2.22.0
+cibuildwheel==2.23.0

.ci/requirements-mypy.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-mypy==1.14.1
+mypy==1.15.0
 IceSpringPySideStubs-PyQt6
 IceSpringPySideStubs-PySide6
 ipython

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["pypy3.10", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python-version: ["pypy3.11", "pypy3.10", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
         architecture: ["x64"]
         os: ["windows-latest"]
         include:

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ jobs:
           "ubuntu-latest",
         ]
         python-version: [
+          "pypy3.11",
           "pypy3.10",
           "3.14",
           "3.13t",

.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh

@@ -38,14 +38,14 @@ ARCHIVE_SDIR=pillow-depends-main
 
 # Package versions for fresh source builds
 FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.3
-HARFBUZZ_VERSION=10.2.0
-LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.46
+HARFBUZZ_VERSION=10.4.0
+LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.47
 JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.1.0
 OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.3
 XZ_VERSION=5.6.4
 TIFF_VERSION=4.6.0
-LCMS2_VERSION=2.16
-ZLIB_NG_VERSION=2.2.3
+LCMS2_VERSION=2.17
+ZLIB_NG_VERSION=2.2.4
 LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.5.0
 BZIP2_VERSION=1.0.8
 LIBXCB_VERSION=1.17.0
@@ -54,13 +54,10 @@ BROTLI_VERSION=1.1.0
 function build_pkg_config {
     if [ -e pkg-config-stamp ]; then return; fi
     # This essentially duplicates the Homebrew recipe
-    ORIGINAL_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
-    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wno-int-conversion"
-    build_simple pkg-config 0.29.2 https://pkg-config.freedesktop.org/releases tar.gz \
+    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wno-int-conversion" build_simple pkg-config 0.29.2 https://pkg-config.freedesktop.org/releases tar.gz \
         --disable-debug --disable-host-tool --with-internal-glib \
         --with-pc-path=$BUILD_PREFIX/share/pkgconfig:$BUILD_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig \
         --with-system-include-path=$(xcrun --show-sdk-path --sdk macosx)/usr/include
-    CFLAGS=$ORIGINAL_CFLAGS
     export PKG_CONFIG=$BUILD_PREFIX/bin/pkg-config
     touch pkg-config-stamp
 }
@@ -72,6 +69,14 @@ function build_zlib_ng {
         && ./configure --prefix=$BUILD_PREFIX --zlib-compat \
         && make -j4 \
         && make install)
+
+    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+        # Ensure that on macOS, the library name is an absolute path, not an
+        # @rpath, so that delocate picks up the right library (and doesn't need
+        # DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH to be set). The default Makefile doesn't have an
+        # option to control the install_name.
+        install_name_tool -id $BUILD_PREFIX/lib/libz.1.dylib $BUILD_PREFIX/lib/libz.1.dylib
+    fi
     touch zlib-stamp
 }
 
@@ -130,15 +135,13 @@ function build {
     build_lcms2
     build_openjpeg
 
-    ORIGINAL_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
-    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -O3 -DNDEBUG"
+    webp_cflags="-O3 -DNDEBUG"
     if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
-        CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names"
+        webp_cflags="$webp_cflags -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names"
     fi
-    build_simple libwebp $LIBWEBP_VERSION \
+    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $webp_cflags" build_simple libwebp $LIBWEBP_VERSION \
         https://storage.googleapis.com/downloads.webmproject.org/releases/webp tar.gz \
         --enable-libwebpmux --enable-libwebpdemux
-    CFLAGS=$ORIGINAL_CFLAGS
 
     build_brotli
 

.github/workflows/wheels.yml

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
           - name: "macOS 10.15 x86_64"
             os: macos-13
             cibw_arch: x86_64
-            build: "pp310*"
+            build: "pp3*"
             macosx_deployment_target: "10.15"
           - name: "macOS arm64"
             os: macos-latest

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.9.4
+    rev: v0.9.9
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ repos:
       - id: black
 
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit
-    rev: 1.8.2
+    rev: 1.8.3
     hooks:
     - id: bandit
       args: [--severity-level=high]
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ repos:
         exclude: ^.github/.*TEMPLATE|^Tests/(fonts|images)/
 
   - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-    rev: 0.31.1
+    rev: 0.31.2
     hooks:
       - id: check-github-workflows
       - id: check-readthedocs
       - id: check-renovate
 
   - repo: https://github.com/woodruffw/zizmor-pre-commit
-    rev: v1.3.0
+    rev: v1.4.1
     hooks:
       - id: zizmor
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ repos:
       - id: sphinx-lint
 
   - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt
-    rev: v2.5.0
+    rev: v2.5.1
     hooks:
       - id: pyproject-fmt
 

Tests/helper.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import os
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
-import sysconfig
 import tempfile
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 from functools import lru_cache
@@ -342,10 +341,6 @@ def is_pypy() -> bool:
     return hasattr(sys, "pypy_translation_info")
 
 
-def is_mingw() -> bool:
-    return sysconfig.get_platform() == "mingw"
-
-
 class CachedProperty:
     def __init__(self, func: Callable[[Any], Any]) -> None:
         self.func = func

Tests/test_file_dcx.py

@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
 def test_unclosed_file() -> None:
-    def open() -> None:
+    def open_test_image() -> None:
         im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
         im.load()
 
     with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):
-        open()
+        open_test_image()
 
 
 def test_closed_file() -> None:

Tests/test_file_dds.py

@@ -331,11 +331,13 @@ def test_dxt5_colorblock_alpha_issue_4142() -> None:
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/dxt5-colorblock-alpha-issue-4142.dds") as im:
         px = im.getpixel((0, 0))
+        assert isinstance(px, tuple)
         assert px[0] != 0
         assert px[1] != 0
         assert px[2] != 0
 
         px = im.getpixel((1, 0))
+        assert isinstance(px, tuple)
         assert px[0] != 0
         assert px[1] != 0
         assert px[2] != 0

Tests/test_file_eps.py

@@ -95,10 +95,14 @@ def test_sanity(filename: str, size: tuple[int, int], scale: int) -> None:
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")
 def test_load() -> None:
     with Image.open(FILE1) as im:
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == (255, 255, 255)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == (255, 255, 255)
 
         # Test again now that it has already been loaded once
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == (255, 255, 255)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == (255, 255, 255)
 
 
 def test_binary() -> None:

Tests/test_file_fli.py

@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ def test_prefix_chunk(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
 def test_unclosed_file() -> None:
-    def open() -> None:
+    def open_test_image() -> None:
         im = Image.open(static_test_file)
         im.load()
 
     with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):
-        open()
+        open_test_image()
 
 
 def test_closed_file() -> None:

Tests/test_file_ftex.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import io
+import struct
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import FtexImagePlugin, Image
@@ -23,3 +26,15 @@ def test_invalid_file() -> None:
 
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
         FtexImagePlugin.FtexImageFile(invalid_file)
+
+
+def test_invalid_texture() -> None:
+    with open("Tests/images/ftex_dxt1.ftc", "rb") as fp:
+        data = fp.read()
+
+    # Change texture compression format
+    data = data[:24] + struct.pack("<i", 2) + data[28:]
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid texture compression format: 2"):
+        with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)):
+            pass

Tests/test_file_gbr.py

@@ -14,10 +14,14 @@ def test_gbr_file() -> None:
 
 def test_load() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/gbr.gbr") as im:
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
         # Test again now that it has already been loaded once
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
 
 def test_multiple_load_operations() -> None:

Tests/test_file_gd.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import pytest
 
 from PIL import GdImageFile, UnidentifiedImageError
 
+from .helper import assert_image_similar_tofile
+
 TEST_GD_FILE = "Tests/images/hopper.gd"
 
 
@@ -11,6 +13,7 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
     with GdImageFile.open(TEST_GD_FILE) as im:
         assert im.size == (128, 128)
         assert im.format == "GD"
+        assert_image_similar_tofile(im.convert("RGB"), "Tests/images/hopper.jpg", 14)
 
 
 def test_bad_mode() -> None:

Tests/test_file_gif.py

@@ -22,9 +22,6 @@ from .helper import (
 # sample gif stream
 TEST_GIF = "Tests/images/hopper.gif"
 
-with open(TEST_GIF, "rb") as f:
-    data = f.read()
-
 
 def test_sanity() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as im:
@@ -37,12 +34,12 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
 def test_unclosed_file() -> None:
-    def open() -> None:
+    def open_test_image() -> None:
         im = Image.open(TEST_GIF)
         im.load()
 
     with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):
-        open()
+        open_test_image()
 
 
 def test_closed_file() -> None:
@@ -310,6 +307,7 @@ def test_roundtrip_save_all_1(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 def test_loading_multiple_palettes(path: str, mode: str) -> None:
     with Image.open(path) as im:
         assert im.mode == "P"
+        assert im.palette is not None
         first_frame_colors = im.palette.colors.keys()
         original_color = im.convert("RGB").getpixel((0, 0))
 
@@ -528,6 +526,7 @@ def test_dispose_background_transparency() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_bgnd_transparency.gif") as img:
         img.seek(2)
         px = img.load()
+        assert px is not None
         assert px[35, 30][3] == 0
 
 
@@ -762,6 +761,21 @@ def test_dispose2_previous_frame(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 0, 255)
 
 
+def test_dispose2_without_transparency(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
+
+    im = Image.new("P", (100, 100))
+
+    im2 = Image.new("P", (100, 100), (0, 0, 0))
+    im2.putpixel((50, 50), (255, 0, 0))
+
+    im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=[im2], disposal=2)
+
+    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        reloaded.seek(1)
+        assert reloaded.tile[0].extents == (0, 0, 100, 100)
+
+
 def test_transparency_in_second_frame(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
     with Image.open("Tests/images/different_transparency.gif") as im:
@@ -1311,6 +1325,7 @@ def test_palette_save_all_P(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     with Image.open(out) as im:
         # Assert that the frames are correct, and each frame has the same palette
         assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), frames[0].convert("RGB"))
+        assert im.palette is not None
         assert im.palette.palette == im.global_palette.palette
 
         im.seek(1)
@@ -1345,32 +1360,30 @@ def test_save_I(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert_image_equal(reloaded.convert("L"), im.convert("L"))
 
 
-def test_getdata() -> None:
+def test_getdata(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     # Test getheader/getdata against legacy values.
     # Create a 'P' image with holes in the palette.
-    im = Image._wedge().resize((16, 16), Image.Resampling.NEAREST)
+    im = Image.linear_gradient(mode="L").resize((16, 16), Image.Resampling.NEAREST)
     im.putpalette(ImagePalette.ImagePalette("RGB"))
     im.info = {"background": 0}
 
     passed_palette = bytes(255 - i // 3 for i in range(768))
 
-    GifImagePlugin._FORCE_OPTIMIZE = True
-    try:
-        h = GifImagePlugin.getheader(im, passed_palette)
-        d = GifImagePlugin.getdata(im)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(GifImagePlugin, "_FORCE_OPTIMIZE", True)
 
-        import pickle
+    h = GifImagePlugin.getheader(im, passed_palette)
+    d = GifImagePlugin.getdata(im)
 
-        # Enable to get target values on pre-refactor version
-        # with open('Tests/images/gif_header_data.pkl', 'wb') as f:
-        #    pickle.dump((h, d), f, 1)
-        with open("Tests/images/gif_header_data.pkl", "rb") as f:
-            (h_target, d_target) = pickle.load(f)
+    import pickle
 
-        assert h == h_target
-        assert d == d_target
-    finally:
-        GifImagePlugin._FORCE_OPTIMIZE = False
+    # Enable to get target values on pre-refactor version
+    # with open('Tests/images/gif_header_data.pkl', 'wb') as f:
+    #    pickle.dump((h, d), f, 1)
+    with open("Tests/images/gif_header_data.pkl", "rb") as f:
+        (h_target, d_target) = pickle.load(f)
+
+    assert h == h_target
+    assert d == d_target
 
 
 def test_lzw_bits() -> None:

Tests/test_file_icns.py

@@ -32,10 +32,14 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 def test_load() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
         # Test again now that it has already been loaded once
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
 
 def test_save(tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_ico.py

@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 def test_load() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_ICO_FILE) as im:
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == (1, 1, 9, 255)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == (1, 1, 9, 255)
 
 
 def test_mask() -> None:

Tests/test_file_im.py

@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ def test_name_limit(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
 def test_unclosed_file() -> None:
-    def open() -> None:
+    def open_test_image() -> None:
         im = Image.open(TEST_IM)
         im.load()
 
     with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):
-        open()
+        open_test_image()
 
 
 def test_closed_file() -> None:

Tests/test_file_jpeg2k.py

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/test-card-lossless.jp2") as im:
         px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
         assert px[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0)
         assert im.mode == "RGB"
         assert im.size == (640, 480)
@@ -421,6 +422,7 @@ def test_subsampling_decode(name: str) -> None:
 def test_pclr() -> None:
     with Image.open(f"{EXTRA_DIR}/issue104_jpxstream.jp2") as im:
         assert im.mode == "P"
+        assert im.palette is not None
         assert len(im.palette.colors) == 256
         assert im.palette.colors[(255, 255, 255)] == 0
 
@@ -428,6 +430,7 @@ def test_pclr() -> None:
         f"{EXTRA_DIR}/147af3f1083de4393666b7d99b01b58b_signal_sigsegv_130c531_6155_5136.jp2"
     ) as im:
         assert im.mode == "P"
+        assert im.palette is not None
         assert len(im.palette.colors) == 139
         assert im.palette.colors[(0, 0, 0, 0)] == 0
 

Tests/test_file_mpo.py

@@ -29,21 +29,26 @@ def roundtrip(im: Image.Image, **options: Any) -> ImageFile.ImageFile:
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_file", test_files)
 def test_sanity(test_file: str) -> None:
-    with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+    def check(im: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
         im.load()
         assert im.mode == "RGB"
         assert im.size == (640, 480)
         assert im.format == "MPO"
 
+    with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+        check(im)
+    with MpoImagePlugin.MpoImageFile(test_file) as im:
+        check(im)
+
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
 def test_unclosed_file() -> None:
-    def open() -> None:
+    def open_test_image() -> None:
         im = Image.open(test_files[0])
         im.load()
 
     with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):
-        open()
+        open_test_image()
 
 
 def test_closed_file() -> None:
@@ -77,8 +82,8 @@ def test_app(test_file: str) -> None:
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
         assert im.applist[0][0] == "APP1"
         assert im.applist[1][0] == "APP2"
-        assert (
-            im.applist[1][1][:16] == b"MPF\x00MM\x00*\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x03\xb0\x00"
+        assert im.applist[1][1].startswith(
+            b"MPF\x00MM\x00*\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x03\xb0\x00"
         )
         assert len(im.applist) == 2
 

Tests/test_file_ppm.py

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ def test_arbitrary_maxval(
         assert im.mode == mode
 
         px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
         assert tuple(px[x, 0] for x in range(3)) == pixels
 
 

Tests/test_file_psd.py

@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
 def test_unclosed_file() -> None:
-    def open() -> None:
+    def open_test_image() -> None:
         im = Image.open(test_file)
         im.load()
 
     with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):
-        open()
+        open_test_image()
 
 
 def test_closed_file() -> None:

Tests/test_file_spider.py

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
 def test_unclosed_file() -> None:
-    def open() -> None:
+    def open_test_image() -> None:
         im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
         im.load()
 
     with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):
-        open()
+        open_test_image()
 
 
 def test_closed_file() -> None:

Tests/test_file_sun.py

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import io
 import os
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image, SunImagePlugin
+from PIL import Image, SunImagePlugin, _binary
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile, assert_image_similar, hopper
 
@@ -33,6 +34,60 @@ def test_im1() -> None:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/sunraster.im1.png")
 
 
+def _sun_header(
+    depth: int = 0, file_type: int = 0, palette_length: int = 0
+) -> io.BytesIO:
+    return io.BytesIO(
+        _binary.o32be(0x59A66A95)
+        + b"\x00" * 8
+        + _binary.o32be(depth)
+        + b"\x00" * 4
+        + _binary.o32be(file_type)
+        + b"\x00" * 4
+        + _binary.o32be(palette_length)
+    )
+
+
+def test_unsupported_mode_bit_depth() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="Unsupported Mode/Bit Depth"):
+        with SunImagePlugin.SunImageFile(_sun_header()):
+            pass
+
+
+def test_unsupported_color_palette_length() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="Unsupported Color Palette Length"):
+        with SunImagePlugin.SunImageFile(_sun_header(depth=1, palette_length=1025)):
+            pass
+
+
+def test_unsupported_palette_type() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="Unsupported Palette Type"):
+        with SunImagePlugin.SunImageFile(_sun_header(depth=1, palette_length=1)):
+            pass
+
+
+def test_unsupported_file_type() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="Unsupported Sun Raster file type"):
+        with SunImagePlugin.SunImageFile(_sun_header(depth=1, file_type=6)):
+            pass
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not os.path.exists(EXTRA_DIR), reason="Extra image files not installed"
+)
+def test_rgbx() -> None:
+    with open(os.path.join(EXTRA_DIR, "32bpp.ras"), "rb") as fp:
+        data = fp.read()
+
+    # Set file type to 3
+    data = data[:20] + _binary.o32be(3) + data[24:]
+
+    with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
+        r, g, b = im.split()
+        im = Image.merge("RGB", (b, g, r))
+        assert_image_equal_tofile(im, os.path.join(EXTRA_DIR, "32bpp.png"))
+
+
 @pytest.mark.skipif(
     not os.path.exists(EXTRA_DIR), reason="Extra image files not installed"
 )

Tests/test_file_tar.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import warnings
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -29,6 +30,22 @@ def test_sanity(codec: str, test_path: str, format: str) -> None:
                 assert im.format == format
 
 
+def test_unexpected_end(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    tmpfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tar")
+    with open(tmpfile, "w"):
+        pass
+
+    with pytest.raises(OSError, match="unexpected end of tar file"):
+        with TarIO.TarIO(tmpfile, "test"):
+            pass
+
+
+def test_cannot_find_subfile() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(OSError, match="cannot find subfile"):
+        with TarIO.TarIO(TEST_TAR_FILE, "test"):
+            pass
+
+
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
 def test_unclosed_file() -> None:
     with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):

Tests/test_file_tga.py

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ def test_palette_depth_8(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 def test_palette_depth_16(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/p_16.tga") as im:
+        assert im.palette is not None
         assert im.palette.mode == "RGBA"
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im.convert("RGBA"), "Tests/images/p_16.png")
 
@@ -213,10 +214,14 @@ def test_save_orientation(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 def test_horizontal_orientations() -> None:
     # These images have been manually hexedited to have the relevant orientations
     with Image.open("Tests/images/rgb32rle_top_right.tga") as im:
-        assert im.load()[90, 90][:3] == (0, 0, 0)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[90, 90][:3] == (0, 0, 0)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/rgb32rle_bottom_right.tga") as im:
-        assert im.load()[90, 90][:3] == (0, 255, 0)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[90, 90][:3] == (0, 255, 0)
 
 
 def test_save_rle(tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_tiff.py

@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ class TestFileTiff:
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
     def test_unclosed_file(self) -> None:
-        def open() -> None:
+        def open_test_image() -> None:
             im = Image.open("Tests/images/multipage.tiff")
             im.load()
 
         with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):
-            open()
+            open_test_image()
 
     def test_closed_file(self) -> None:
         with warnings.catch_warnings():

Tests/test_file_wal.py

@@ -21,7 +21,11 @@ def test_open() -> None:
 
 def test_load() -> None:
     with WalImageFile.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == 122
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == 122
 
         # Test again now that it has already been loaded once
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == 122
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == 122

Tests/test_file_webp_metadata.py

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def test_read_exif_metadata() -> None:
 def test_read_exif_metadata_without_prefix() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/flower2.webp") as im:
         # Assert prefix is not present
-        assert im.info["exif"][:6] != b"Exif\x00\x00"
+        assert not im.info["exif"].startswith(b"Exif\x00\x00")
 
         exif = im.getexif()
         assert exif[305] == "Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Macintosh)"

Tests/test_file_wmf.py

@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ def test_load_raw() -> None:
 def test_load() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/drawing.emf") as im:
         if hasattr(Image.core, "drawwmf"):
-            assert im.load()[0, 0] == (255, 255, 255)
+            px = im.load()
+            assert px is not None
+            assert px[0, 0] == (255, 255, 255)
 
 
 def test_load_zero_inch() -> None:

Tests/test_font_bdf.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import io
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import BdfFontFile, FontFile
@@ -8,13 +10,20 @@ filename = "Tests/images/courB08.bdf"
 
 
 def test_sanity() -> None:
-    with open(filename, "rb") as test_file:
-        font = BdfFontFile.BdfFontFile(test_file)
+    with open(filename, "rb") as fp:
+        font = BdfFontFile.BdfFontFile(fp)
 
     assert isinstance(font, FontFile.FontFile)
     assert len([_f for _f in font.glyph if _f]) == 190
 
 
+def test_zero_width_chars() -> None:
+    with open(filename, "rb") as fp:
+        data = fp.read()
+        data = data[:2650] + b"\x00\x00" + data[2652:]
+        BdfFontFile.BdfFontFile(io.BytesIO(data))
+
+
 def test_invalid_file() -> None:
     with open("Tests/images/flower.jpg", "rb") as fp:
         with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):

Tests/test_fontfile.py

@@ -4,7 +4,20 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import FontFile
+from PIL import FontFile, Image
+
+
+def test_compile() -> None:
+    font = FontFile.FontFile()
+    font.glyph[0] = ((0, 0), (0, 0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0, 1), Image.new("L", (0, 0)))
+    font.compile()
+    assert font.ysize == 1
+
+    font.ysize = 2
+    font.compile()
+
+    # Assert that compiling again did not change anything
+    assert font.ysize == 2
 
 
 def test_save(tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_format_hsv.py

@@ -22,28 +22,26 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
     Image.new("HSV", (100, 100))
 
 
-def wedge() -> Image.Image:
-    w = Image._wedge()
-    w90 = w.rotate(90)
+def linear_gradient() -> Image.Image:
+    im = Image.linear_gradient(mode="L")
+    im90 = im.rotate(90)
 
-    (px, h) = w.size
+    (px, h) = im.size
 
     r = Image.new("L", (px * 3, h))
     g = r.copy()
     b = r.copy()
 
-    r.paste(w, (0, 0))
-    r.paste(w90, (px, 0))
+    r.paste(im, (0, 0))
+    r.paste(im90, (px, 0))
 
-    g.paste(w90, (0, 0))
-    g.paste(w, (2 * px, 0))
+    g.paste(im90, (0, 0))
+    g.paste(im, (2 * px, 0))
 
-    b.paste(w, (px, 0))
-    b.paste(w90, (2 * px, 0))
+    b.paste(im, (px, 0))
+    b.paste(im90, (2 * px, 0))
 
-    img = Image.merge("RGB", (r, g, b))
-
-    return img
+    return Image.merge("RGB", (r, g, b))
 
 
 def to_xxx_colorsys(
@@ -79,8 +77,8 @@ def to_rgb_colorsys(im: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
     return to_xxx_colorsys(im, colorsys.hsv_to_rgb, "RGB")
 
 
-def test_wedge() -> None:
-    src = wedge().resize((3 * 32, 32), Image.Resampling.BILINEAR)
+def test_linear_gradient() -> None:
+    src = linear_gradient().resize((3 * 32, 32), Image.Resampling.BILINEAR)
     im = src.convert("HSV")
     comparable = to_hsv_colorsys(src)
 

Tests/test_image.py

@@ -74,12 +74,12 @@ class TestImage:
 
     def test_sanity(self) -> None:
         im = Image.new("L", (100, 100))
-        assert repr(im)[:45] == "<PIL.Image.Image image mode=L size=100x100 at"
+        assert repr(im).startswith("<PIL.Image.Image image mode=L size=100x100 at")
         assert im.mode == "L"
         assert im.size == (100, 100)
 
         im = Image.new("RGB", (100, 100))
-        assert repr(im)[:45] == "<PIL.Image.Image image mode=RGB size=100x100 "
+        assert repr(im).startswith("<PIL.Image.Image image mode=RGB size=100x100 ")
         assert im.mode == "RGB"
         assert im.size == (100, 100)
 
@@ -658,6 +658,7 @@ class TestImage:
         im.putpalette(list(range(256)) * 4, "RGBA")
         im_remapped = im.remap_palette(list(range(256)))
         assert_image_equal(im, im_remapped)
+        assert im.palette is not None
         assert im.palette.palette == im_remapped.palette.palette
 
         # Test illegal image mode

Tests/test_image_convert.py

@@ -234,6 +234,7 @@ def test_gif_with_rgba_palette_to_p() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.gif") as im:
         im.info["transparency"] = 255
         im.load()
+        assert im.palette is not None
         assert im.palette.mode == "RGB"
         im_p = im.convert("P")
 

Tests/test_image_transform.py

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ class TestImageTransform:
             transformed = im.transform(
                 im.size, Image.Transform.AFFINE, [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]
             )
+            assert im.palette is not None
             assert im.palette.palette == transformed.palette.palette
 
     def test_extent(self) -> None:

Tests/test_imagedraw.py

@@ -448,7 +448,6 @@ def test_shape1() -> None:
     x3, y3 = 95, 5
 
     # Act
-    assert ImageDraw.Outline is not None
     s = ImageDraw.Outline()
     s.move(x0, y0)
     s.curve(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3)
@@ -470,7 +469,6 @@ def test_shape2() -> None:
     x3, y3 = 5, 95
 
     # Act
-    assert ImageDraw.Outline is not None
     s = ImageDraw.Outline()
     s.move(x0, y0)
     s.curve(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3)
@@ -489,7 +487,6 @@ def test_transform() -> None:
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
 
     # Act
-    assert ImageDraw.Outline is not None
     s = ImageDraw.Outline()
     s.line(0, 0)
     s.transform((0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0))
@@ -1526,7 +1523,6 @@ def test_same_color_outline(bbox: Coords) -> None:
     x2, y2 = 95, 50
     x3, y3 = 95, 5
 
-    assert ImageDraw.Outline is not None
     s = ImageDraw.Outline()
     s.move(x0, y0)
     s.curve(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3)

Tests/test_imageops.py

@@ -448,6 +448,15 @@ def test_exif_transpose() -> None:
     assert 0x0112 not in transposed_im.getexif()
 
 
+def test_exif_transpose_with_xmp_tuple() -> None:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/xmp_tags_orientation.png") as im:
+        assert im.getexif()[0x0112] == 3
+
+        im.info["xmp"] = (b"test",)
+        transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
+        assert 0x0112 not in transposed_im.getexif()
+
+
 def test_exif_transpose_xml_without_xmp() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/xmp_tags_orientation.png") as im:
         assert im.getexif()[0x0112] == 3

Tests/test_imagepalette.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 def test_reload() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.gif") as im:
         original = im.copy()
+        assert im.palette is not None
         im.palette.dirty = 1
         assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), original.convert("RGB"))
 

docs/conf.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import PIL
 # -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
 
 # If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
-needs_sphinx = "8.1"
+needs_sphinx = "8.2"
 
 # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ nitpicky = True
 # generating warnings in “nitpicky mode”. Note that type should include the domain name
 # if present. Example entries would be ('py:func', 'int') or
 # ('envvar', 'LD_LIBRARY_PATH').
-nitpick_ignore = [("py:class", "_io.BytesIO"), ("py:class", "_CmsProfileCompatible")]
+nitpick_ignore = [("py:class", "_CmsProfileCompatible")]
 
 
 # -- Options for HTML output ----------------------------------------------

docs/example/DdsImagePlugin.py

@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ Image.register_decoder("DXT5", DXT5Decoder)
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] == b"DDS "
+    return prefix.startswith(b"DDS ")
 
 
 Image.register_open(DdsImageFile.format, DdsImageFile, _accept)

docs/handbook/image-file-formats.rst

@@ -454,7 +454,8 @@ The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.open` method may set the following
     Raw EXIF data from the image.
 
 **comment**
-    A comment about the image.
+    A comment about the image, from the COM marker. This is separate from the
+    UserComment tag that may be stored in the EXIF data.
 
     .. versionadded:: 7.1.0
 

docs/handbook/writing-your-own-image-plugin.rst

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ true color.
 
 
     def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-        return prefix[:4] == b"SPAM"
+        return prefix.startswith(b"SPAM")
 
 
     class SpamImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):

docs/installation/building-from-source.rst

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
 * **littlecms** provides color management
 
   * Pillow version 2.2.1 and below uses liblcms1, Pillow 2.3.0 and
-    above uses liblcms2. Tested with **1.19** and **2.7-2.16**.
+    above uses liblcms2. Tested with **1.19** and **2.7-2.17**.
 
 * **libwebp** provides the WebP format.
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ dynamic = [
 optional-dependencies.docs = [
   "furo",
   "olefile",
-  "sphinx>=8.1",
+  "sphinx>=8.2",
   "sphinx-copybutton",
   "sphinx-inline-tabs",
   "sphinxext-opengraph",
@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ test-extras = "tests"
 
 [tool.cibuildwheel.macos.environment]
 PATH = "$(pwd)/build/deps/darwin/bin:$(dirname $(which python3)):/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin"
-DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH = "$(pwd)/build/deps/darwin/lib"
 
 [tool.black]
 exclude = "wheels/multibuild"

src/PIL/BdfFontFile.py

@@ -26,17 +26,6 @@ from typing import BinaryIO
 
 from . import FontFile, Image
 
-bdf_slant = {
-    "R": "Roman",
-    "I": "Italic",
-    "O": "Oblique",
-    "RI": "Reverse Italic",
-    "RO": "Reverse Oblique",
-    "OT": "Other",
-}
-
-bdf_spacing = {"P": "Proportional", "M": "Monospaced", "C": "Cell"}
-
 
 def bdf_char(
     f: BinaryIO,
@@ -54,7 +43,7 @@ def bdf_char(
         s = f.readline()
         if not s:
             return None
-        if s[:9] == b"STARTCHAR":
+        if s.startswith(b"STARTCHAR"):
             break
     id = s[9:].strip().decode("ascii")
 
@@ -62,7 +51,7 @@ def bdf_char(
     props = {}
     while True:
         s = f.readline()
-        if not s or s[:6] == b"BITMAP":
+        if not s or s.startswith(b"BITMAP"):
             break
         i = s.find(b" ")
         props[s[:i].decode("ascii")] = s[i + 1 : -1].decode("ascii")
@@ -71,7 +60,7 @@ def bdf_char(
     bitmap = bytearray()
     while True:
         s = f.readline()
-        if not s or s[:7] == b"ENDCHAR":
+        if not s or s.startswith(b"ENDCHAR"):
             break
         bitmap += s[:-1]
 
@@ -107,7 +96,7 @@ class BdfFontFile(FontFile.FontFile):
         super().__init__()
 
         s = fp.readline()
-        if s[:13] != b"STARTFONT 2.1":
+        if not s.startswith(b"STARTFONT 2.1"):
             msg = "not a valid BDF file"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)
 
@@ -116,7 +105,7 @@ class BdfFontFile(FontFile.FontFile):
 
         while True:
             s = fp.readline()
-            if not s or s[:13] == b"ENDPROPERTIES":
+            if not s or s.startswith(b"ENDPROPERTIES"):
                 break
             i = s.find(b" ")
             props[s[:i].decode("ascii")] = s[i + 1 : -1].decode("ascii")

src/PIL/BlpImagePlugin.py

@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class BLPFormatError(NotImplementedError):
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] in (b"BLP1", b"BLP2")
+    return prefix.startswith((b"BLP1", b"BLP2"))
 
 
 class BlpImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):

src/PIL/BmpImagePlugin.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ BIT2MODE = {
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:2] == b"BM"
+    return prefix.startswith(b"BM")
 
 
 def _dib_accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:

src/PIL/BufrStubImagePlugin.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def register_handler(handler: ImageFile.StubHandler | None) -> None:
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] == b"BUFR" or prefix[:4] == b"ZCZC"
+    return prefix.startswith((b"BUFR", b"ZCZC"))
 
 
 class BufrStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):

src/PIL/CurImagePlugin.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from ._binary import i32le as i32
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] == b"\0\0\2\0"
+    return prefix.startswith(b"\0\0\2\0")
 
 
 ##

src/PIL/DdsImagePlugin.py

@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] == b"DDS "
+    return prefix.startswith(b"DDS ")
 
 
 Image.register_open(DdsImageFile.format, DdsImageFile, _accept)

src/PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py

@@ -170,7 +170,9 @@ def Ghostscript(
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] == b"%!PS" or (len(prefix) >= 4 and i32(prefix) == 0xC6D3D0C5)
+    return prefix.startswith(b"%!PS") or (
+        len(prefix) >= 4 and i32(prefix) == 0xC6D3D0C5
+    )
 
 
 ##
@@ -295,7 +297,7 @@ class EpsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                     m = field.match(s)
                     if m:
                         k = m.group(1)
-                        if k[:8] == "PS-Adobe":
+                        if k.startswith("PS-Adobe"):
                             self.info["PS-Adobe"] = k[9:]
                         else:
                             self.info[k] = ""

src/PIL/FitsImagePlugin.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from . import Image, ImageFile
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:6] == b"SIMPLE"
+    return prefix.startswith(b"SIMPLE")
 
 
 class FitsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):

src/PIL/FpxImagePlugin.py

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ MODES = {
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:8] == olefile.MAGIC
+    return prefix.startswith(olefile.MAGIC)
 
 
 ##

src/PIL/FtexImagePlugin.py

@@ -79,8 +79,6 @@ class FtexImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         self._size = struct.unpack("<2i", self.fp.read(8))
         mipmap_count, format_count = struct.unpack("<2i", self.fp.read(8))
 
-        self._mode = "RGB"
-
         # Only support single-format files.
         # I don't know of any multi-format file.
         assert format_count == 1
@@ -95,6 +93,7 @@ class FtexImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             self._mode = "RGBA"
             self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("bcn", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, (1,))]
         elif format == Format.UNCOMPRESSED:
+            self._mode = "RGB"
             self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, "RGB")]
         else:
             msg = f"Invalid texture compression format: {repr(format)}"
@@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ class FtexImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] == MAGIC
+    return prefix.startswith(MAGIC)
 
 
 Image.register_open(FtexImageFile.format, FtexImageFile, _accept)

src/PIL/GdImageFile.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class GdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             msg = "Not a valid GD 2.x .gd file"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)
 
-        self._mode = "L"  # FIXME: "P"
+        self._mode = "P"
         self._size = i16(s, 2), i16(s, 4)
 
         true_color = s[6]
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ class GdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             self.info["transparency"] = tindex
 
         self.palette = ImagePalette.raw(
-            "XBGR", s[7 + true_color_offset + 4 : 7 + true_color_offset + 4 + 256 * 4]
+            "RGBX", s[7 + true_color_offset + 6 : 7 + true_color_offset + 6 + 256 * 4]
         )
 
         self.tile = [
             ImageFile._Tile(
                 "raw",
                 (0, 0) + self.size,
-                7 + true_color_offset + 4 + 256 * 4,
+                7 + true_color_offset + 6 + 256 * 4,
                 "L",
             )
         ]

src/PIL/GifImagePlugin.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ LOADING_STRATEGY = LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_FIRST
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:6] in [b"GIF87a", b"GIF89a"]
+    return prefix.startswith((b"GIF87a", b"GIF89a"))
 
 
 ##
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class GifImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                     # application extension
                     #
                     info["extension"] = block, self.fp.tell()
-                    if block[:11] == b"NETSCAPE2.0":
+                    if block.startswith(b"NETSCAPE2.0"):
                         block = self.data()
                         if block and len(block) >= 3 and block[0] == 1:
                             self.info["loop"] = i16(block, 1)
@@ -689,16 +689,21 @@ def _write_multiple_frames(
                         im_frames[-1].encoderinfo["duration"] += encoderinfo["duration"]
                     continue
                 if im_frames[-1].encoderinfo.get("disposal") == 2:
-                    if background_im is None:
-                        color = im.encoderinfo.get(
-                            "transparency", im.info.get("transparency", (0, 0, 0))
-                        )
-                        background = _get_background(im_frame, color)
-                        background_im = Image.new("P", im_frame.size, background)
-                        first_palette = im_frames[0].im.palette
-                        assert first_palette is not None
-                        background_im.putpalette(first_palette, first_palette.mode)
-                    bbox = _getbbox(background_im, im_frame)[1]
+                    # To appear correctly in viewers using a convention,
+                    # only consider transparency, and not background color
+                    color = im.encoderinfo.get(
+                        "transparency", im.info.get("transparency")
+                    )
+                    if color is not None:
+                        if background_im is None:
+                            background = _get_background(im_frame, color)
+                            background_im = Image.new("P", im_frame.size, background)
+                            first_palette = im_frames[0].im.palette
+                            assert first_palette is not None
+                            background_im.putpalette(first_palette, first_palette.mode)
+                        bbox = _getbbox(background_im, im_frame)[1]
+                    else:
+                        bbox = (0, 0) + im_frame.size
                 elif encoderinfo.get("optimize") and im_frame.mode != "1":
                     if "transparency" not in encoderinfo:
                         assert im_frame.palette is not None
@@ -764,7 +769,8 @@ def _write_multiple_frames(
             if not palette:
                 frame_data.encoderinfo["include_color_table"] = True
 
-            im_frame = im_frame.crop(frame_data.bbox)
+            if frame_data.bbox != (0, 0) + im_frame.size:
+                im_frame = im_frame.crop(frame_data.bbox)
             offset = frame_data.bbox[:2]
         _write_frame_data(fp, im_frame, offset, frame_data.encoderinfo)
     return True

src/PIL/GimpGradientFile.py

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class GimpGradientFile(GradientFile):
     """File handler for GIMP's gradient format."""
 
     def __init__(self, fp: IO[bytes]) -> None:
-        if fp.readline()[:13] != b"GIMP Gradient":
+        if not fp.readline().startswith(b"GIMP Gradient"):
             msg = "not a GIMP gradient file"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)
 

src/PIL/GimpPaletteFile.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class GimpPaletteFile:
     def __init__(self, fp: IO[bytes]) -> None:
         palette = [o8(i) * 3 for i in range(256)]
 
-        if fp.readline()[:12] != b"GIMP Palette":
+        if not fp.readline().startswith(b"GIMP Palette"):
             msg = "not a GIMP palette file"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)
 

src/PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def register_handler(handler: ImageFile.StubHandler | None) -> None:
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] == b"GRIB" and prefix[7] == 1
+    return prefix.startswith(b"GRIB") and prefix[7] == 1
 
 
 class GribStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):

src/PIL/Hdf5StubImagePlugin.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def register_handler(handler: ImageFile.StubHandler | None) -> None:
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:8] == b"\x89HDF\r\n\x1a\n"
+    return prefix.startswith(b"\x89HDF\r\n\x1a\n")
 
 
 class HDF5StubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):

src/PIL/IcnsImagePlugin.py

@@ -117,14 +117,14 @@ def read_png_or_jpeg2000(
     sig = fobj.read(12)
 
     im: Image.Image
-    if sig[:8] == b"\x89PNG\x0d\x0a\x1a\x0a":
+    if sig.startswith(b"\x89PNG\x0d\x0a\x1a\x0a"):
         fobj.seek(start)
         im = PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile(fobj)
         Image._decompression_bomb_check(im.size)
         return {"RGBA": im}
     elif (
-        sig[:4] == b"\xff\x4f\xff\x51"
-        or sig[:4] == b"\x0d\x0a\x87\x0a"
+        sig.startswith(b"\xff\x4f\xff\x51")
+        or sig.startswith(b"\x0d\x0a\x87\x0a")
         or sig == b"\x00\x00\x00\x0cjP  \x0d\x0a\x87\x0a"
     ):
         if not enable_jpeg2k:
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] == MAGIC
+    return prefix.startswith(MAGIC)
 
 
 Image.register_open(IcnsImageFile.format, IcnsImageFile, _accept)

src/PIL/IcoImagePlugin.py

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] == _MAGIC
+    return prefix.startswith(_MAGIC)
 
 
 class IconHeader(NamedTuple):

src/PIL/ImImagePlugin.py

@@ -155,9 +155,9 @@ class ImImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                 msg = "not an IM file"
                 raise SyntaxError(msg)
 
-            if s[-2:] == b"\r\n":
+            if s.endswith(b"\r\n"):
                 s = s[:-2]
-            elif s[-1:] == b"\n":
+            elif s.endswith(b"\n"):
                 s = s[:-1]
 
             try:
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class ImImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         self._mode = self.info[MODE]
 
         # Skip forward to start of image data
-        while s and s[:1] != b"\x1a":
+        while s and not s.startswith(b"\x1a"):
             s = self.fp.read(1)
         if not s:
             msg = "File truncated"
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ class ImImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         self._fp = self.fp  # FIXME: hack
 
-        if self.rawmode[:2] == "F;":
+        if self.rawmode.startswith("F;"):
             # ifunc95 formats
             try:
                 # use bit decoder (if necessary)

src/PIL/Image.py

@@ -2996,15 +2996,6 @@ class ImageTransformHandler:
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Factories
 
-#
-# Debugging
-
-
-def _wedge() -> Image:
-    """Create grayscale wedge (for debugging only)"""
-
-    return Image()._new(core.wedge("L"))
-
 
 def _check_size(size: Any) -> None:
     """
@@ -4007,7 +3998,7 @@ class Exif(_ExifBase):
                 if tag == ExifTags.IFD.MakerNote:
                     from .TiffImagePlugin import ImageFileDirectory_v2
 
-                    if tag_data[:8] == b"FUJIFILM":
+                    if tag_data.startswith(b"FUJIFILM"):
                         ifd_offset = i32le(tag_data, 8)
                         ifd_data = tag_data[ifd_offset:]
 

src/PIL/ImageDraw.py

@@ -42,11 +42,7 @@ from ._deprecate import deprecate
 from ._typing import Coords
 
 # experimental access to the outline API
-Outline: Callable[[], Image.core._Outline] | None
-try:
-    Outline = Image.core.outline
-except AttributeError:
-    Outline = None
+Outline: Callable[[], Image.core._Outline] = Image.core.outline
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from . import ImageDraw2, ImageFont

src/PIL/ImageOps.py

@@ -729,11 +729,15 @@ def exif_transpose(image: Image.Image, *, in_place: bool = False) -> Image.Image
                         r"<tiff:Orientation>([0-9])</tiff:Orientation>",
                     ):
                         value = exif_image.info[key]
-                        exif_image.info[key] = (
-                            re.sub(pattern, "", value)
-                            if isinstance(value, str)
-                            else re.sub(pattern.encode(), b"", value)
-                        )
+                        if isinstance(value, str):
+                            value = re.sub(pattern, "", value)
+                        elif isinstance(value, tuple):
+                            value = tuple(
+                                re.sub(pattern.encode(), b"", v) for v in value
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            value = re.sub(pattern.encode(), b"", value)
+                        exif_image.info[key] = value
         if not in_place:
             return transposed_image
     elif not in_place:

src/PIL/ImageTk.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import tkinter
 from io import BytesIO
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile
 
@@ -263,28 +263,3 @@ def getimage(photo: PhotoImage) -> Image.Image:
     _pyimagingtkcall("PyImagingPhotoGet", photo, im.getim())
 
     return im
-
-
-def _show(image: Image.Image, title: str | None) -> None:
-    """Helper for the Image.show method."""
-
-    class UI(tkinter.Label):
-        def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Toplevel, im: Image.Image) -> None:
-            self.image: BitmapImage | PhotoImage
-            if im.mode == "1":
-                self.image = BitmapImage(im, foreground="white", master=master)
-            else:
-                self.image = PhotoImage(im, master=master)
-            if TYPE_CHECKING:
-                image = cast(tkinter._Image, self.image)
-            else:
-                image = self.image
-            super().__init__(master, image=image, bg="black", bd=0)
-
-    if not getattr(tkinter, "_default_root"):
-        msg = "tkinter not initialized"
-        raise OSError(msg)
-    top = tkinter.Toplevel()
-    if title:
-        top.title(title)
-    UI(top, image).pack()

src/PIL/Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py

@@ -352,9 +352,8 @@ class Jpeg2KImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return (
-        prefix[:4] == b"\xff\x4f\xff\x51"
-        or prefix[:12] == b"\x00\x00\x00\x0cjP  \x0d\x0a\x87\x0a"
+    return prefix.startswith(
+        (b"\xff\x4f\xff\x51", b"\x00\x00\x00\x0cjP  \x0d\x0a\x87\x0a")
     )
 
 

src/PIL/JpegImagePlugin.py

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def APP(self: JpegImageFile, marker: int) -> None:
     self.app[app] = s  # compatibility
     self.applist.append((app, s))
 
-    if marker == 0xFFE0 and s[:4] == b"JFIF":
+    if marker == 0xFFE0 and s.startswith(b"JFIF"):
         # extract JFIF information
         self.info["jfif"] = version = i16(s, 5)  # version
         self.info["jfif_version"] = divmod(version, 256)
@@ -95,19 +95,19 @@ def APP(self: JpegImageFile, marker: int) -> None:
                 self.info["dpi"] = tuple(d * 2.54 for d in jfif_density)
             self.info["jfif_unit"] = jfif_unit
             self.info["jfif_density"] = jfif_density
-    elif marker == 0xFFE1 and s[:6] == b"Exif\0\0":
+    elif marker == 0xFFE1 and s.startswith(b"Exif\0\0"):
         # extract EXIF information
         if "exif" in self.info:
             self.info["exif"] += s[6:]
         else:
             self.info["exif"] = s
             self._exif_offset = self.fp.tell() - n + 6
-    elif marker == 0xFFE1 and s[:29] == b"http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\x00":
+    elif marker == 0xFFE1 and s.startswith(b"http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\x00"):
         self.info["xmp"] = s.split(b"\x00", 1)[1]
-    elif marker == 0xFFE2 and s[:5] == b"FPXR\0":
+    elif marker == 0xFFE2 and s.startswith(b"FPXR\0"):
         # extract FlashPix information (incomplete)
         self.info["flashpix"] = s  # FIXME: value will change
-    elif marker == 0xFFE2 and s[:12] == b"ICC_PROFILE\0":
+    elif marker == 0xFFE2 and s.startswith(b"ICC_PROFILE\0"):
         # Since an ICC profile can be larger than the maximum size of
         # a JPEG marker (64K), we need provisions to split it into
         # multiple markers. The format defined by the ICC specifies
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ def APP(self: JpegImageFile, marker: int) -> None:
         # reassemble the profile, rather than assuming that the APP2
         # markers appear in the correct sequence.
         self.icclist.append(s)
-    elif marker == 0xFFED and s[:14] == b"Photoshop 3.0\x00":
+    elif marker == 0xFFED and s.startswith(b"Photoshop 3.0\x00"):
         # parse the image resource block
         offset = 14
         photoshop = self.info.setdefault("photoshop", {})
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def APP(self: JpegImageFile, marker: int) -> None:
             except struct.error:
                 break  # insufficient data
 
-    elif marker == 0xFFEE and s[:5] == b"Adobe":
+    elif marker == 0xFFEE and s.startswith(b"Adobe"):
         self.info["adobe"] = i16(s, 5)
         # extract Adobe custom properties
         try:
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def APP(self: JpegImageFile, marker: int) -> None:
             pass
         else:
             self.info["adobe_transform"] = adobe_transform
-    elif marker == 0xFFE2 and s[:4] == b"MPF\0":
+    elif marker == 0xFFE2 and s.startswith(b"MPF\0"):
         # extract MPO information
         self.info["mp"] = s[4:]
         # offset is current location minus buffer size
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ MARKER = {
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
     # Magic number was taken from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG
-    return prefix[:3] == b"\xff\xd8\xff"
+    return prefix.startswith(b"\xff\xd8\xff")
 
 
 ##
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ def _getmp(self: JpegImageFile) -> dict[int, Any] | None:
         return None
     file_contents = io.BytesIO(data)
     head = file_contents.read(8)
-    endianness = ">" if head[:4] == b"\x4d\x4d\x00\x2a" else "<"
+    endianness = ">" if head.startswith(b"\x4d\x4d\x00\x2a") else "<"
     # process dictionary
     from . import TiffImagePlugin
 

src/PIL/McIdasImagePlugin.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from . import Image, ImageFile
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:8] == b"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04"
+    return prefix.startswith(b"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04")
 
 
 ##

src/PIL/MicImagePlugin.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from . import Image, TiffImagePlugin
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:8] == olefile.MAGIC
+    return prefix.startswith(olefile.MAGIC)
 
 
 ##
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class MicImageFile(TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile):
         self.images = [
             path
             for path in self.ole.listdir()
-            if path[1:] and path[0][-4:] == ".ACI" and path[1] == "Image"
+            if path[1:] and path[0].endswith(".ACI") and path[1] == "Image"
         ]
 
         # if we didn't find any images, this is probably not
@@ -73,12 +73,7 @@ class MicImageFile(TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile):
     def seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
         if not self._seek_check(frame):
             return
-        try:
-            filename = self.images[frame]
-        except IndexError as e:
-            msg = "no such frame"
-            raise EOFError(msg) from e
-
+        filename = self.images[frame]
         self.fp = self.ole.openstream(filename)
 
         TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile._open(self)

src/PIL/MpegImagePlugin.py

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class BitStream:
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] == b"\x00\x00\x01\xb3"
+    return prefix.startswith(b"\x00\x00\x01\xb3")
 
 
 ##

src/PIL/MspImagePlugin.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ from ._binary import o16le as o16
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] in [b"DanM", b"LinS"]
+    return prefix.startswith((b"DanM", b"LinS"))
 
 
 ##
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class MspImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         self._mode = "1"
         self._size = i16(s, 4), i16(s, 6)
 
-        if s[:4] == b"DanM":
+        if s.startswith(b"DanM"):
             self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, 32, "1")]
         else:
             self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("MSP", (0, 0) + self.size, 32)]

src/PIL/PaletteFile.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class PaletteFile:
 
             if not s:
                 break
-            if s[:1] == b"#":
+            if s.startswith(b"#"):
                 continue
             if len(s) > 100:
                 msg = "bad palette file"

src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class PcdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         self.fp.seek(2048)
         s = self.fp.read(2048)
 
-        if s[:4] != b"PCD_":
+        if not s.startswith(b"PCD_"):
             msg = "not a PCD file"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)
 

src/PIL/PixarImagePlugin.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from ._binary import i16le as i16
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] == b"\200\350\000\000"
+    return prefix.startswith(b"\200\350\000\000")
 
 
 ##

src/PIL/PngImagePlugin.py

@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ class PngStream(ChunkStream):
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:8] == _MAGIC
+    return prefix.startswith(_MAGIC)
 
 
 ##

src/PIL/PpmImagePlugin.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ MODES = {
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[0:1] == b"P" and prefix[1] in b"0123456fy"
+    return prefix.startswith(b"P") and prefix[1] in b"0123456fy"
 
 
 ##

src/PIL/PsdImagePlugin.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ MODES = {
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] == b"8BPS"
+    return prefix.startswith(b"8BPS")
 
 
 ##
@@ -169,15 +169,11 @@ class PsdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             return
 
         # seek to given layer (1..max)
-        try:
-            _, mode, _, tile = self.layers[layer - 1]
-            self._mode = mode
-            self.tile = tile
-            self.frame = layer
-            self.fp = self._fp
-        except IndexError as e:
-            msg = "no such layer"
-            raise EOFError(msg) from e
+        _, mode, _, tile = self.layers[layer - 1]
+        self._mode = mode
+        self.tile = tile
+        self.frame = layer
+        self.fp = self._fp
 
     def tell(self) -> int:
         # return layer number (0=image, 1..max=layers)

src/PIL/QoiImagePlugin.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from ._binary import i32be as i32
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] == b"qoif"
+    return prefix.startswith(b"qoif")
 
 
 class QoiImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):

src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py

@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ if not getattr(Image.core, "libtiff_support_custom_tags", True):
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:4] in PREFIXES
+    return prefix.startswith(tuple(PREFIXES))
 
 
 def _limit_rational(
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ class IFDRational(Rational):
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return str(float(self._val))
 
-    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:  # type: ignore[override]
         return self._val.__hash__()
 
     def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
@@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@ class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         blocks = {}
         val = self.tag_v2.get(ExifTags.Base.ImageResources)
         if val:
-            while val[:4] == b"8BIM":
+            while val.startswith(b"8BIM"):
                 id = i16(val[4:6])
                 n = math.ceil((val[6] + 1) / 2) * 2
                 size = i32(val[6 + n : 10 + n])

src/PIL/WebPImagePlugin.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ _VP8_MODES_BY_IDENTIFIER = {
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool | str:
-    is_riff_file_format = prefix[:4] == b"RIFF"
+    is_riff_file_format = prefix.startswith(b"RIFF")
     is_webp_file = prefix[8:12] == b"WEBP"
     is_valid_vp8_mode = prefix[12:16] in _VP8_MODES_BY_IDENTIFIER
 
@@ -46,8 +46,7 @@ class WebPImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         self._decoder = _webp.WebPAnimDecoder(self.fp.read())
 
         # Get info from decoder
-        width, height, loop_count, bgcolor, frame_count, mode = self._decoder.get_info()
-        self._size = width, height
+        self._size, loop_count, bgcolor, frame_count, mode = self._decoder.get_info()
         self.info["loop"] = loop_count
         bg_a, bg_r, bg_g, bg_b = (
             (bgcolor >> 24) & 0xFF,

src/PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py

@@ -68,9 +68,7 @@ if hasattr(Image.core, "drawwmf"):
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return (
-        prefix[:6] == b"\xd7\xcd\xc6\x9a\x00\x00" or prefix[:4] == b"\x01\x00\x00\x00"
-    )
+    return prefix.startswith((b"\xd7\xcd\xc6\x9a\x00\x00", b"\x01\x00\x00\x00"))
 
 
 ##
@@ -87,7 +85,7 @@ class WmfStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
         # check placable header
         s = self.fp.read(80)
 
-        if s[:6] == b"\xd7\xcd\xc6\x9a\x00\x00":
+        if s.startswith(b"\xd7\xcd\xc6\x9a\x00\x00"):
             # placeable windows metafile
 
             # get units per inch
@@ -116,7 +114,7 @@ class WmfStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
                 msg = "Unsupported WMF file format"
                 raise SyntaxError(msg)
 
-        elif s[:4] == b"\x01\x00\x00\x00" and s[40:44] == b" EMF":
+        elif s.startswith(b"\x01\x00\x00\x00") and s[40:44] == b" EMF":
             # enhanced metafile
 
             # get bounding box

src/PIL/XVThumbImagePlugin.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ for r in range(8):
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:6] == _MAGIC
+    return prefix.startswith(_MAGIC)
 
 
 ##

src/PIL/XbmImagePlugin.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ xbm_head = re.compile(
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix.lstrip()[:7] == b"#define"
+    return prefix.lstrip().startswith(b"#define")
 
 
 ##

src/PIL/XpmImagePlugin.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ xpm_head = re.compile(b'"([0-9]*) ([0-9]*) ([0-9]*) ([0-9]*)')
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
-    return prefix[:9] == b"/* XPM */"
+    return prefix.startswith(b"/* XPM */")
 
 
 ##
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ class XpmImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         for _ in range(pal):
             s = self.fp.readline()
-            if s[-2:] == b"\r\n":
+            if s.endswith(b"\r\n"):
                 s = s[:-2]
-            elif s[-1:] in b"\r\n":
+            elif s.endswith((b"\r", b"\n")):
                 s = s[:-1]
 
             c = s[1]
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class XpmImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                     rgb = s[i + 1]
                     if rgb == b"None":
                         self.info["transparency"] = c
-                    elif rgb[:1] == b"#":
+                    elif rgb.startswith(b"#"):
                         # FIXME: handle colour names (see ImagePalette.py)
                         rgb = int(rgb[1:], 16)
                         palette[c] = (

src/_imaging.c

@@ -3769,102 +3769,26 @@ static PySequenceMethods image_as_sequence = {
 /* type description */
 
 static PyTypeObject Imaging_Type = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "ImagingCore", /*tp_name*/
-    sizeof(ImagingObject),                        /*tp_basicsize*/
-    0,                                            /*tp_itemsize*/
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                    /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    0,                    /*tp_getattr*/
-    0,                    /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                    /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                    /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                    /*tp_as_number*/
-    &image_as_sequence,   /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    0,                    /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0,                    /*tp_hash*/
-    0,                    /*tp_call*/
-    0,                    /*tp_str*/
-    0,                    /*tp_getattro*/
-    0,                    /*tp_setattro*/
-    0,                    /*tp_as_buffer*/
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,   /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                    /*tp_doc*/
-    0,                    /*tp_traverse*/
-    0,                    /*tp_clear*/
-    0,                    /*tp_richcompare*/
-    0,                    /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
-    0,                    /*tp_iter*/
-    0,                    /*tp_iternext*/
-    methods,              /*tp_methods*/
-    0,                    /*tp_members*/
-    getsetters,           /*tp_getset*/
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0).tp_name = "ImagingCore",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(ImagingObject),
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)_dealloc,
+    .tp_as_sequence = &image_as_sequence,
+    .tp_methods = methods,
+    .tp_getset = getsetters,
 };
 
 static PyTypeObject ImagingFont_Type = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "ImagingFont", /*tp_name*/
-    sizeof(ImagingFontObject),                    /*tp_basicsize*/
-    0,                                            /*tp_itemsize*/
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)_font_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                         /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    0,                         /*tp_getattr*/
-    0,                         /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                         /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                         /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                         /*tp_as_number*/
-    0,                         /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    0,                         /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0,                         /*tp_hash*/
-    0,                         /*tp_call*/
-    0,                         /*tp_str*/
-    0,                         /*tp_getattro*/
-    0,                         /*tp_setattro*/
-    0,                         /*tp_as_buffer*/
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,        /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                         /*tp_doc*/
-    0,                         /*tp_traverse*/
-    0,                         /*tp_clear*/
-    0,                         /*tp_richcompare*/
-    0,                         /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
-    0,                         /*tp_iter*/
-    0,                         /*tp_iternext*/
-    _font_methods,             /*tp_methods*/
-    0,                         /*tp_members*/
-    0,                         /*tp_getset*/
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0).tp_name = "ImagingFont",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(ImagingFontObject),
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)_font_dealloc,
+    .tp_methods = _font_methods,
 };
 
 static PyTypeObject ImagingDraw_Type = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "ImagingDraw", /*tp_name*/
-    sizeof(ImagingDrawObject),                    /*tp_basicsize*/
-    0,                                            /*tp_itemsize*/
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)_draw_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                         /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    0,                         /*tp_getattr*/
-    0,                         /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                         /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                         /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                         /*tp_as_number*/
-    0,                         /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    0,                         /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0,                         /*tp_hash*/
-    0,                         /*tp_call*/
-    0,                         /*tp_str*/
-    0,                         /*tp_getattro*/
-    0,                         /*tp_setattro*/
-    0,                         /*tp_as_buffer*/
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,        /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                         /*tp_doc*/
-    0,                         /*tp_traverse*/
-    0,                         /*tp_clear*/
-    0,                         /*tp_richcompare*/
-    0,                         /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
-    0,                         /*tp_iter*/
-    0,                         /*tp_iternext*/
-    _draw_methods,             /*tp_methods*/
-    0,                         /*tp_members*/
-    0,                         /*tp_getset*/
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0).tp_name = "ImagingDraw",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(ImagingDrawObject),
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)_draw_dealloc,
+    .tp_methods = _draw_methods,
 };
 
 static PyMappingMethods pixel_access_as_mapping = {
@@ -3876,20 +3800,10 @@ static PyMappingMethods pixel_access_as_mapping = {
 /* type description */
 
 static PyTypeObject PixelAccess_Type = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "PixelAccess", /*tp_name*/
-    sizeof(PixelAccessObject),                    /*tp_basicsize*/
-    0,                                            /*tp_itemsize*/
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)pixel_access_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                                /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    0,                                /*tp_getattr*/
-    0,                                /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                                /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                                /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                                /*tp_as_number*/
-    0,                                /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    &pixel_access_as_mapping,         /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0                                 /*tp_hash*/
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0).tp_name = "PixelAccess",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(PixelAccessObject),
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)pixel_access_dealloc,
+    .tp_as_mapping = &pixel_access_as_mapping,
 };
 
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -4256,7 +4170,6 @@ static PyMethodDef functions[] = {
     {"effect_noise", (PyCFunction)_effect_noise, METH_VARARGS},
     {"linear_gradient", (PyCFunction)_linear_gradient, METH_VARARGS},
     {"radial_gradient", (PyCFunction)_radial_gradient, METH_VARARGS},
-    {"wedge", (PyCFunction)_linear_gradient, METH_VARARGS}, /* Compatibility */
 
     /* Drawing support stuff */
     {"font", (PyCFunction)_font_new, METH_VARARGS},

src/_imagingcms.c

@@ -1410,36 +1410,11 @@ static struct PyGetSetDef cms_profile_getsetters[] = {
 };
 
 static PyTypeObject CmsProfile_Type = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "PIL.ImageCms.core.CmsProfile", /*tp_name*/
-    sizeof(CmsProfileObject),                                      /*tp_basicsize*/
-    0,                                                             /*tp_itemsize*/
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)cms_profile_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                               /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    0,                               /*tp_getattr*/
-    0,                               /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                               /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                               /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                               /*tp_as_number*/
-    0,                               /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    0,                               /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0,                               /*tp_hash*/
-    0,                               /*tp_call*/
-    0,                               /*tp_str*/
-    0,                               /*tp_getattro*/
-    0,                               /*tp_setattro*/
-    0,                               /*tp_as_buffer*/
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,              /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                               /*tp_doc*/
-    0,                               /*tp_traverse*/
-    0,                               /*tp_clear*/
-    0,                               /*tp_richcompare*/
-    0,                               /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
-    0,                               /*tp_iter*/
-    0,                               /*tp_iternext*/
-    cms_profile_methods,             /*tp_methods*/
-    0,                               /*tp_members*/
-    cms_profile_getsetters,          /*tp_getset*/
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0).tp_name = "PIL.ImageCms.core.CmsProfile",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CmsProfileObject),
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)cms_profile_dealloc,
+    .tp_methods = cms_profile_methods,
+    .tp_getset = cms_profile_getsetters,
 };
 
 static struct PyMethodDef cms_transform_methods[] = {
@@ -1447,36 +1422,10 @@ static struct PyMethodDef cms_transform_methods[] = {
 };
 
 static PyTypeObject CmsTransform_Type = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "PIL.ImageCms.core.CmsTransform", /*tp_name*/
-    sizeof(CmsTransformObject),                                      /*tp_basicsize*/
-    0,                                                               /*tp_itemsize*/
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)cms_transform_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_getattr*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_number*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_hash*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_call*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_str*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_getattro*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_setattro*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_buffer*/
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_doc*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_traverse*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_clear*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_richcompare*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_iter*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_iternext*/
-    cms_transform_methods,             /*tp_methods*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_members*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_getset*/
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0).tp_name = "PIL.ImageCms.core.CmsTransform",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(CmsTransformObject),
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)cms_transform_dealloc,
+    .tp_methods = cms_transform_methods,
 };
 
 static int

src/_imagingft.c

@@ -1518,36 +1518,11 @@ static struct PyGetSetDef font_getsetters[] = {
 };
 
 static PyTypeObject Font_Type = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "Font", /*tp_name*/
-    sizeof(FontObject),                    /*tp_basicsize*/
-    0,                                     /*tp_itemsize*/
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)font_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                        /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    0,                        /*tp_getattr*/
-    0,                        /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                        /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                        /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                        /*tp_as_number*/
-    0,                        /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    0,                        /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0,                        /*tp_hash*/
-    0,                        /*tp_call*/
-    0,                        /*tp_str*/
-    0,                        /*tp_getattro*/
-    0,                        /*tp_setattro*/
-    0,                        /*tp_as_buffer*/
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,       /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                        /*tp_doc*/
-    0,                        /*tp_traverse*/
-    0,                        /*tp_clear*/
-    0,                        /*tp_richcompare*/
-    0,                        /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
-    0,                        /*tp_iter*/
-    0,                        /*tp_iternext*/
-    font_methods,             /*tp_methods*/
-    0,                        /*tp_members*/
-    font_getsetters,          /*tp_getset*/
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0).tp_name = "Font",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(FontObject),
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)font_dealloc,
+    .tp_methods = font_methods,
+    .tp_getset = font_getsetters,
 };
 
 static PyMethodDef _functions[] = {

src/_webp.c

@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ _anim_decoder_get_info(PyObject *self) {
     WebPAnimInfo *info = &(decp->info);
 
     return Py_BuildValue(
-        "IIIIIs",
+        "(II)IIIs",
         info->canvas_width,
         info->canvas_height,
         info->loop_count,
@@ -530,36 +530,10 @@ static struct PyMethodDef _anim_encoder_methods[] = {
 
 // WebPAnimEncoder type definition
 static PyTypeObject WebPAnimEncoder_Type = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "WebPAnimEncoder", /*tp_name */
-    sizeof(WebPAnimEncoderObject),                    /*tp_basicsize */
-    0,                                                /*tp_itemsize */
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)_anim_encoder_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_getattr*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_number*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_hash*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_call*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_str*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_getattro*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_setattro*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_buffer*/
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_doc*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_traverse*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_clear*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_richcompare*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_iter*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_iternext*/
-    _anim_encoder_methods,             /*tp_methods*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_members*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_getset*/
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0).tp_name = "WebPAnimEncoder",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(WebPAnimEncoderObject),
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)_anim_encoder_dealloc,
+    .tp_methods = _anim_encoder_methods,
 };
 
 // WebPAnimDecoder methods
@@ -573,36 +547,10 @@ static struct PyMethodDef _anim_decoder_methods[] = {
 
 // WebPAnimDecoder type definition
 static PyTypeObject WebPAnimDecoder_Type = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "WebPAnimDecoder", /*tp_name */
-    sizeof(WebPAnimDecoderObject),                    /*tp_basicsize */
-    0,                                                /*tp_itemsize */
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)_anim_decoder_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_getattr*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_number*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_hash*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_call*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_str*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_getattro*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_setattro*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_as_buffer*/
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,                /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_doc*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_traverse*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_clear*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_richcompare*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_iter*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_iternext*/
-    _anim_decoder_methods,             /*tp_methods*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_members*/
-    0,                                 /*tp_getset*/
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0).tp_name = "WebPAnimDecoder",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(WebPAnimDecoderObject),
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)_anim_decoder_dealloc,
+    .tp_methods = _anim_decoder_methods,
 };
 
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

src/decode.c

@@ -256,36 +256,11 @@ static struct PyGetSetDef getseters[] = {
 };
 
 static PyTypeObject ImagingDecoderType = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "ImagingDecoder", /*tp_name*/
-    sizeof(ImagingDecoderObject),                    /*tp_basicsize*/
-    0,                                               /*tp_itemsize*/
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                    /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    0,                    /*tp_getattr*/
-    0,                    /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                    /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                    /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                    /*tp_as_number*/
-    0,                    /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    0,                    /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0,                    /*tp_hash*/
-    0,                    /*tp_call*/
-    0,                    /*tp_str*/
-    0,                    /*tp_getattro*/
-    0,                    /*tp_setattro*/
-    0,                    /*tp_as_buffer*/
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,   /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                    /*tp_doc*/
-    0,                    /*tp_traverse*/
-    0,                    /*tp_clear*/
-    0,                    /*tp_richcompare*/
-    0,                    /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
-    0,                    /*tp_iter*/
-    0,                    /*tp_iternext*/
-    methods,              /*tp_methods*/
-    0,                    /*tp_members*/
-    getseters,            /*tp_getset*/
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0).tp_name = "ImagingDecoder",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(ImagingDecoderObject),
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)_dealloc,
+    .tp_methods = methods,
+    .tp_getset = getseters,
 };
 
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

src/display.c

@@ -248,36 +248,11 @@ static struct PyGetSetDef getsetters[] = {
 };
 
 static PyTypeObject ImagingDisplayType = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "ImagingDisplay", /*tp_name*/
-    sizeof(ImagingDisplayObject),                    /*tp_basicsize*/
-    0,                                               /*tp_itemsize*/
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)_delete, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                   /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    0,                   /*tp_getattr*/
-    0,                   /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                   /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                   /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                   /*tp_as_number*/
-    0,                   /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    0,                   /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0,                   /*tp_hash*/
-    0,                   /*tp_call*/
-    0,                   /*tp_str*/
-    0,                   /*tp_getattro*/
-    0,                   /*tp_setattro*/
-    0,                   /*tp_as_buffer*/
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,  /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                   /*tp_doc*/
-    0,                   /*tp_traverse*/
-    0,                   /*tp_clear*/
-    0,                   /*tp_richcompare*/
-    0,                   /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
-    0,                   /*tp_iter*/
-    0,                   /*tp_iternext*/
-    methods,             /*tp_methods*/
-    0,                   /*tp_members*/
-    getsetters,          /*tp_getset*/
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0).tp_name = "ImagingDisplay",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(ImagingDisplayObject),
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)_delete,
+    .tp_methods = methods,
+    .tp_getset = getsetters,
 };
 
 PyObject *

src/encode.c

@@ -323,36 +323,11 @@ static struct PyGetSetDef getseters[] = {
 };
 
 static PyTypeObject ImagingEncoderType = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "ImagingEncoder", /*tp_name*/
-    sizeof(ImagingEncoderObject),                    /*tp_basicsize*/
-    0,                                               /*tp_itemsize*/
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                    /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    0,                    /*tp_getattr*/
-    0,                    /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                    /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                    /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                    /*tp_as_number*/
-    0,                    /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    0,                    /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0,                    /*tp_hash*/
-    0,                    /*tp_call*/
-    0,                    /*tp_str*/
-    0,                    /*tp_getattro*/
-    0,                    /*tp_setattro*/
-    0,                    /*tp_as_buffer*/
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,   /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                    /*tp_doc*/
-    0,                    /*tp_traverse*/
-    0,                    /*tp_clear*/
-    0,                    /*tp_richcompare*/
-    0,                    /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
-    0,                    /*tp_iter*/
-    0,                    /*tp_iternext*/
-    methods,              /*tp_methods*/
-    0,                    /*tp_members*/
-    getseters,            /*tp_getset*/
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0).tp_name = "ImagingEncoder",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(ImagingEncoderObject),
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)_dealloc,
+    .tp_methods = methods,
+    .tp_getset = getseters,
 };
 
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -1253,7 +1228,7 @@ PyImaging_Jpeg2KEncoderNew(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     PyObject *quality_layers = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t num_resolutions = 0;
     PyObject *cblk_size = NULL, *precinct_size = NULL;
-    PyObject *irreversible = NULL;
+    int irreversible = 0;
     char *progression = "LRCP";
     OPJ_PROG_ORDER prog_order;
     char *cinema_mode = "no";
@@ -1267,7 +1242,7 @@ PyImaging_Jpeg2KEncoderNew(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(
             args,
-            "ss|OOOsOnOOOssbbnz#p",
+            "ss|OOOsOnOOpssbbnz#p",
             &mode,
             &format,
             &offset,
@@ -1402,7 +1377,7 @@ PyImaging_Jpeg2KEncoderNew(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         precinct_size, &context->precinct_width, &context->precinct_height
     );
 
-    context->irreversible = PyObject_IsTrue(irreversible);
+    context->irreversible = irreversible;
     context->progression = prog_order;
     context->cinema_mode = cine_mode;
     context->mct = mct;

src/outline.c

@@ -149,34 +149,8 @@ static struct PyMethodDef _outline_methods[] = {
 };
 
 static PyTypeObject OutlineType = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "Outline", /*tp_name*/
-    sizeof(OutlineObject),                    /*tp_basicsize*/
-    0,                                        /*tp_itemsize*/
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)_outline_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                            /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    0,                            /*tp_getattr*/
-    0,                            /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                            /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                            /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                            /*tp_as_number*/
-    0,                            /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    0,                            /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0,                            /*tp_hash*/
-    0,                            /*tp_call*/
-    0,                            /*tp_str*/
-    0,                            /*tp_getattro*/
-    0,                            /*tp_setattro*/
-    0,                            /*tp_as_buffer*/
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,           /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                            /*tp_doc*/
-    0,                            /*tp_traverse*/
-    0,                            /*tp_clear*/
-    0,                            /*tp_richcompare*/
-    0,                            /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
-    0,                            /*tp_iter*/
-    0,                            /*tp_iternext*/
-    _outline_methods,             /*tp_methods*/
-    0,                            /*tp_members*/
-    0,                            /*tp_getset*/
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0).tp_name = "Outline",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(OutlineObject),
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)_outline_dealloc,
+    .tp_methods = _outline_methods,
 };

src/path.c

@@ -598,34 +598,11 @@ static PyMappingMethods path_as_mapping = {
 };
 
 static PyTypeObject PyPathType = {
-    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "Path", /*tp_name*/
-    sizeof(PyPathObject),                  /*tp_basicsize*/
-    0,                                     /*tp_itemsize*/
-    /* methods */
-    (destructor)path_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
-    0,                        /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
-    0,                        /*tp_getattr*/
-    0,                        /*tp_setattr*/
-    0,                        /*tp_as_async*/
-    0,                        /*tp_repr*/
-    0,                        /*tp_as_number*/
-    &path_as_sequence,        /*tp_as_sequence*/
-    &path_as_mapping,         /*tp_as_mapping*/
-    0,                        /*tp_hash*/
-    0,                        /*tp_call*/
-    0,                        /*tp_str*/
-    0,                        /*tp_getattro*/
-    0,                        /*tp_setattro*/
-    0,                        /*tp_as_buffer*/
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,       /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                        /*tp_doc*/
-    0,                        /*tp_traverse*/
-    0,                        /*tp_clear*/
-    0,                        /*tp_richcompare*/
-    0,                        /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
-    0,                        /*tp_iter*/
-    0,                        /*tp_iternext*/
-    methods,                  /*tp_methods*/
-    0,                        /*tp_members*/
-    getsetters,               /*tp_getset*/
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0).tp_name = "Path",
+    .tp_basicsize = sizeof(PyPathObject),
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)path_dealloc,
+    .tp_as_sequence = &path_as_sequence,
+    .tp_as_mapping = &path_as_mapping,
+    .tp_methods = methods,
+    .tp_getset = getsetters,
 };

src/thirdparty/pythoncapi_compat.h

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 // https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python/pythoncapi-compat/main/pythoncapi_compat.h
 //
 // This file was vendored from the following commit:
-// https://github.com/python/pythoncapi-compat/commit/0041177c4f348c8952b4c8980b2c90856e61c7c7
+// https://github.com/python/pythoncapi-compat/commit/c84545f0e1e21757d4901f75c47333d25a3fcff0
 //
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: 0BSD
 
@@ -22,11 +22,15 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 #include <Python.h>
+#include <stddef.h>               // offsetof()
 
 // Python 3.11.0b4 added PyFrame_Back() to Python.h
 #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030b00B4 && !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
 #  include "frameobject.h"        // PyFrameObject, PyFrame_GetBack()
 #endif
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030C00A3
+#  include <structmember.h>       // T_SHORT, READONLY
+#endif
 
 
 #ifndef _Py_CAST
@@ -290,7 +294,7 @@ PyFrame_GetVarString(PyFrameObject *frame, const char *name)
 
 
 // bpo-39947 added PyThreadState_GetInterpreter() to Python 3.9.0a5
-#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900A5 || defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030900A5 || (defined(PYPY_VERSION) && PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030B0000)
 static inline PyInterpreterState *
 PyThreadState_GetInterpreter(PyThreadState *tstate)
 {
@@ -583,7 +587,7 @@ static inline int PyWeakref_GetRef(PyObject *ref, PyObject **pobj)
         return 0;
     }
     *pobj = Py_NewRef(obj);
-    return (*pobj != NULL);
+    return 1;
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -921,7 +925,7 @@ static inline int
 PyObject_VisitManagedDict(PyObject *obj, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 {
     PyObject **dict = _PyObject_GetDictPtr(obj);
-    if (*dict == NULL) {
+    if (dict == NULL || *dict == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
     Py_VISIT(*dict);
@@ -932,7 +936,7 @@ static inline void
 PyObject_ClearManagedDict(PyObject *obj)
 {
     PyObject **dict = _PyObject_GetDictPtr(obj);
-    if (*dict == NULL) {
+    if (dict == NULL || *dict == NULL) {
         return;
     }
     Py_CLEAR(*dict);
@@ -1207,11 +1211,11 @@ static inline int PyTime_PerfCounter(PyTime_t *result)
 #endif
 
 // gh-111389 added hash constants to Python 3.13.0a5. These constants were
-// added first as private macros to Python 3.4.0b1 and PyPy 7.3.9.
+// added first as private macros to Python 3.4.0b1 and PyPy 7.3.8.
 #if (!defined(PyHASH_BITS) \
      && ((!defined(PYPY_VERSION) && PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030400B1) \
          || (defined(PYPY_VERSION) && PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03070000 \
-             && PYPY_VERSION_NUM >= 0x07090000)))
+             && PYPY_VERSION_NUM >= 0x07030800)))
 #  define PyHASH_BITS _PyHASH_BITS
 #  define PyHASH_MODULUS _PyHASH_MODULUS
 #  define PyHASH_INF _PyHASH_INF
@@ -1523,6 +1527,36 @@ static inline int PyLong_GetSign(PyObject *obj, int *sign)
 }
 #endif
 
+// gh-126061 added PyLong_IsPositive/Negative/Zero() to Python in 3.14.0a2
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030E00A2
+static inline int PyLong_IsPositive(PyObject *obj)
+{
+    if (!PyLong_Check(obj)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected int, got %s", Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return _PyLong_Sign(obj) == 1;
+}
+
+static inline int PyLong_IsNegative(PyObject *obj)
+{
+    if (!PyLong_Check(obj)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected int, got %s", Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return _PyLong_Sign(obj) == -1;
+}
+
+static inline int PyLong_IsZero(PyObject *obj)
+{
+    if (!PyLong_Check(obj)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected int, got %s", Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return _PyLong_Sign(obj) == 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 
 // gh-124502 added PyUnicode_Equal() to Python 3.14.0a0
 #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030E00A0
@@ -1693,6 +1727,479 @@ static inline int PyLong_AsUInt64(PyObject *obj, uint64_t *pvalue)
 #endif
 
 
+// gh-102471 added import and export API for integers to 3.14.0a2.
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030E00A2 && PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000 && !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+// Helpers to access PyLongObject internals.
+static inline void
+_PyLong_SetSignAndDigitCount(PyLongObject *op, int sign, Py_ssize_t size)
+{
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030C0000
+    op->long_value.lv_tag = (uintptr_t)(1 - sign) | ((uintptr_t)(size) << 3);
+#elif PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030900A4
+    Py_SET_SIZE(op, sign * size);
+#else
+    Py_SIZE(op) = sign * size;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline Py_ssize_t
+_PyLong_DigitCount(const PyLongObject *op)
+{
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030C0000
+    return (Py_ssize_t)(op->long_value.lv_tag >> 3);
+#else
+    return _PyLong_Sign((PyObject*)op) < 0 ? -Py_SIZE(op) : Py_SIZE(op);
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline digit*
+_PyLong_GetDigits(const PyLongObject *op)
+{
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030C0000
+    return (digit*)(op->long_value.ob_digit);
+#else
+    return (digit*)(op->ob_digit);
+#endif
+}
+
+typedef struct PyLongLayout {
+    uint8_t bits_per_digit;
+    uint8_t digit_size;
+    int8_t digits_order;
+    int8_t digit_endianness;
+} PyLongLayout;
+
+typedef struct PyLongExport {
+    int64_t value;
+    uint8_t negative;
+    Py_ssize_t ndigits;
+    const void *digits;
+    Py_uintptr_t _reserved;
+} PyLongExport;
+
+typedef struct PyLongWriter PyLongWriter;
+
+static inline const PyLongLayout*
+PyLong_GetNativeLayout(void)
+{
+    static const PyLongLayout PyLong_LAYOUT = {
+        PyLong_SHIFT,
+        sizeof(digit),
+        -1,  // least significant first
+        PY_LITTLE_ENDIAN ? -1 : 1,
+    };
+
+    return &PyLong_LAYOUT;
+}
+
+static inline int
+PyLong_Export(PyObject *obj, PyLongExport *export_long)
+{
+    if (!PyLong_Check(obj)) {
+        memset(export_long, 0, sizeof(*export_long));
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "expected int, got %s",
+                     Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Fast-path: try to convert to a int64_t
+    PyLongObject *self = (PyLongObject*)obj;
+    int overflow;
+#if SIZEOF_LONG == 8
+    long value = PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(obj, &overflow);
+#else
+    // Windows has 32-bit long, so use 64-bit long long instead
+    long long value = PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(obj, &overflow);
+#endif
+    Py_BUILD_ASSERT(sizeof(value) == sizeof(int64_t));
+    // the function cannot fail since obj is a PyLongObject
+    assert(!(value == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()));
+
+    if (!overflow) {
+        export_long->value = value;
+        export_long->negative = 0;
+        export_long->ndigits = 0;
+        export_long->digits = 0;
+        export_long->_reserved = 0;
+    }
+    else {
+        export_long->value = 0;
+        export_long->negative = _PyLong_Sign(obj) < 0;
+        export_long->ndigits = _PyLong_DigitCount(self);
+        if (export_long->ndigits == 0) {
+            export_long->ndigits = 1;
+        }
+        export_long->digits = _PyLong_GetDigits(self);
+        export_long->_reserved = (Py_uintptr_t)Py_NewRef(obj);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void
+PyLong_FreeExport(PyLongExport *export_long)
+{
+    PyObject *obj = (PyObject*)export_long->_reserved;
+
+    if (obj) {
+        export_long->_reserved = 0;
+        Py_DECREF(obj);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline PyLongWriter*
+PyLongWriter_Create(int negative, Py_ssize_t ndigits, void **digits)
+{
+    if (ndigits <= 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "ndigits must be positive");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    assert(digits != NULL);
+
+    PyLongObject *obj = _PyLong_New(ndigits);
+    if (obj == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    _PyLong_SetSignAndDigitCount(obj, negative?-1:1, ndigits);
+
+    *digits = _PyLong_GetDigits(obj);
+    return (PyLongWriter*)obj;
+}
+
+static inline void
+PyLongWriter_Discard(PyLongWriter *writer)
+{
+    PyLongObject *obj = (PyLongObject *)writer;
+
+    assert(Py_REFCNT(obj) == 1);
+    Py_DECREF(obj);
+}
+
+static inline PyObject*
+PyLongWriter_Finish(PyLongWriter *writer)
+{
+    PyObject *obj = (PyObject *)writer;
+    PyLongObject *self = (PyLongObject*)obj;
+    Py_ssize_t j = _PyLong_DigitCount(self);
+    Py_ssize_t i = j;
+    int sign = _PyLong_Sign(obj);
+
+    assert(Py_REFCNT(obj) == 1);
+
+    // Normalize and get singleton if possible
+    while (i > 0 && _PyLong_GetDigits(self)[i-1] == 0) {
+        --i;
+    }
+    if (i != j) {
+        if (i == 0) {
+            sign = 0;
+        }
+        _PyLong_SetSignAndDigitCount(self, sign, i);
+    }
+    if (i <= 1) {
+        long val = sign * (long)(_PyLong_GetDigits(self)[0]);
+        Py_DECREF(obj);
+        return PyLong_FromLong(val);
+    }
+
+    return obj;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030C00A3
+#  define Py_T_SHORT      T_SHORT
+#  define Py_T_INT        T_INT
+#  define Py_T_LONG       T_LONG
+#  define Py_T_FLOAT      T_FLOAT
+#  define Py_T_DOUBLE     T_DOUBLE
+#  define Py_T_STRING     T_STRING
+#  define _Py_T_OBJECT    T_OBJECT
+#  define Py_T_CHAR       T_CHAR
+#  define Py_T_BYTE       T_BYTE
+#  define Py_T_UBYTE      T_UBYTE
+#  define Py_T_USHORT     T_USHORT
+#  define Py_T_UINT       T_UINT
+#  define Py_T_ULONG      T_ULONG
+#  define Py_T_STRING_INPLACE  T_STRING_INPLACE
+#  define Py_T_BOOL       T_BOOL
+#  define Py_T_OBJECT_EX  T_OBJECT_EX
+#  define Py_T_LONGLONG   T_LONGLONG
+#  define Py_T_ULONGLONG  T_ULONGLONG
+#  define Py_T_PYSSIZET   T_PYSSIZET
+
+#  if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000 && !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+#    define _Py_T_NONE      T_NONE
+#  endif
+
+#  define Py_READONLY            READONLY
+#  define Py_AUDIT_READ          READ_RESTRICTED
+#  define _Py_WRITE_RESTRICTED   PY_WRITE_RESTRICTED
+#endif
+
+
+// gh-127350 added Py_fopen() and Py_fclose() to Python 3.14a4
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030E00A4
+static inline FILE* Py_fopen(PyObject *path, const char *mode)
+{
+#if 0x030400A2 <= PY_VERSION_HEX && !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    PyAPI_FUNC(FILE*) _Py_fopen_obj(PyObject *path, const char *mode);
+
+    return _Py_fopen_obj(path, mode);
+#else
+    FILE *f;
+    PyObject *bytes;
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03000000
+    if (!PyUnicode_FSConverter(path, &bytes)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#else
+    if (!PyString_Check(path)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "except str");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    bytes = Py_NewRef(path);
+#endif
+    const char *path_bytes = PyBytes_AS_STRING(bytes);
+
+    f = fopen(path_bytes, mode);
+    Py_DECREF(bytes);
+
+    if (f == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject(PyExc_OSError, path);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return f;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline int Py_fclose(FILE *file)
+{
+    return fclose(file);
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#if 0x03090000 <= PY_VERSION_HEX && PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030E0000 && !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+static inline PyObject*
+PyConfig_Get(const char *name)
+{
+    typedef enum {
+        _PyConfig_MEMBER_INT,
+        _PyConfig_MEMBER_UINT,
+        _PyConfig_MEMBER_ULONG,
+        _PyConfig_MEMBER_BOOL,
+        _PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR,
+        _PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_OPT,
+        _PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_LIST,
+    } PyConfigMemberType;
+
+    typedef struct {
+        const char *name;
+        size_t offset;
+        PyConfigMemberType type;
+        const char *sys_attr;
+    } PyConfigSpec;
+
+#define PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(MEMBER, TYPE, sys_attr) \
+    {#MEMBER, offsetof(PyConfig, MEMBER), \
+     _PyConfig_MEMBER_##TYPE, sys_attr}
+
+    static const PyConfigSpec config_spec[] = {
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(argv, WSTR_LIST, "argv"),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(base_exec_prefix, WSTR_OPT, "base_exec_prefix"),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(base_executable, WSTR_OPT, "_base_executable"),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(base_prefix, WSTR_OPT, "base_prefix"),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(bytes_warning, UINT, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(exec_prefix, WSTR_OPT, "exec_prefix"),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(executable, WSTR_OPT, "executable"),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(inspect, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+#if 0x030C0000 <= PY_VERSION_HEX
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(int_max_str_digits, UINT, _Py_NULL),
+#endif
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(interactive, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(module_search_paths, WSTR_LIST, "path"),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(optimization_level, UINT, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(parser_debug, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(platlibdir, WSTR, "platlibdir"),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(prefix, WSTR_OPT, "prefix"),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(pycache_prefix, WSTR_OPT, "pycache_prefix"),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(quiet, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+#if 0x030B0000 <= PY_VERSION_HEX
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(stdlib_dir, WSTR_OPT, "_stdlib_dir"),
+#endif
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(use_environment, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(verbose, UINT, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(warnoptions, WSTR_LIST, "warnoptions"),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(write_bytecode, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(xoptions, WSTR_LIST, "_xoptions"),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(buffered_stdio, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(check_hash_pycs_mode, WSTR, _Py_NULL),
+#if 0x030B0000 <= PY_VERSION_HEX
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(code_debug_ranges, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+#endif
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(configure_c_stdio, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+#if 0x030D0000 <= PY_VERSION_HEX
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(cpu_count, INT, _Py_NULL),
+#endif
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(dev_mode, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(dump_refs, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+#if 0x030B0000 <= PY_VERSION_HEX
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(dump_refs_file, WSTR_OPT, _Py_NULL),
+#endif
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(enable_gil, INT, _Py_NULL),
+#endif
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(faulthandler, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(filesystem_encoding, WSTR, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(filesystem_errors, WSTR, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(hash_seed, ULONG, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(home, WSTR_OPT, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(import_time, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(install_signal_handlers, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(isolated, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(legacy_windows_stdio, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+#endif
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(malloc_stats, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+#if 0x030A0000 <= PY_VERSION_HEX
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(orig_argv, WSTR_LIST, "orig_argv"),
+#endif
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(parse_argv, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(pathconfig_warnings, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+#if 0x030C0000 <= PY_VERSION_HEX
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(perf_profiling, UINT, _Py_NULL),
+#endif
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(program_name, WSTR, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(run_command, WSTR_OPT, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(run_filename, WSTR_OPT, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(run_module, WSTR_OPT, _Py_NULL),
+#if 0x030B0000 <= PY_VERSION_HEX
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(safe_path, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+#endif
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(show_ref_count, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(site_import, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(skip_source_first_line, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(stdio_encoding, WSTR, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(stdio_errors, WSTR, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(tracemalloc, UINT, _Py_NULL),
+#if 0x030B0000 <= PY_VERSION_HEX
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(use_frozen_modules, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+#endif
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(use_hash_seed, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(user_site_directory, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+#if 0x030A0000 <= PY_VERSION_HEX
+        PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC(warn_default_encoding, BOOL, _Py_NULL),
+#endif
+    };
+
+#undef PYTHONCAPI_COMPAT_SPEC
+
+    const PyConfigSpec *spec;
+    int found = 0;
+    for (size_t i=0; i < sizeof(config_spec) / sizeof(config_spec[0]); i++) {
+        spec = &config_spec[i];
+        if (strcmp(spec->name, name) == 0) {
+            found = 1;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (found) {
+        if (spec->sys_attr != NULL) {
+            PyObject *value = PySys_GetObject(spec->sys_attr);
+            if (value == NULL) {
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "lost sys.%s", spec->sys_attr);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            return Py_NewRef(value);
+        }
+
+        PyAPI_FUNC(const PyConfig*) _Py_GetConfig(void);
+
+        const PyConfig *config = _Py_GetConfig();
+        void *member = (char *)config + spec->offset;
+        switch (spec->type) {
+        case _PyConfig_MEMBER_INT:
+        case _PyConfig_MEMBER_UINT:
+        {
+            int value = *(int *)member;
+            return PyLong_FromLong(value);
+        }
+        case _PyConfig_MEMBER_BOOL:
+        {
+            int value = *(int *)member;
+            return PyBool_FromLong(value != 0);
+        }
+        case _PyConfig_MEMBER_ULONG:
+        {
+            unsigned long value = *(unsigned long *)member;
+            return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(value);
+        }
+        case _PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR:
+        case _PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_OPT:
+        {
+            wchar_t *wstr = *(wchar_t **)member;
+            if (wstr != NULL) {
+                return PyUnicode_FromWideChar(wstr, -1);
+            }
+            else {
+                return Py_NewRef(Py_None);
+            }
+        }
+        case _PyConfig_MEMBER_WSTR_LIST:
+        {
+            const PyWideStringList *list = (const PyWideStringList *)member;
+            PyObject *tuple = PyTuple_New(list->length);
+            if (tuple == NULL) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < list->length; i++) {
+                PyObject *item = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(list->items[i], -1);
+                if (item == NULL) {
+                    Py_DECREF(tuple);
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tuple, i, item);
+            }
+            return tuple;
+        }
+        default:
+            Py_UNREACHABLE();
+        }
+    }
+
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "unknown config option name: %s", name);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline int
+PyConfig_GetInt(const char *name, int *value)
+{
+    PyObject *obj = PyConfig_Get(name);
+    if (obj == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!PyLong_Check(obj)) {
+        Py_DECREF(obj);
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "config option %s is not an int", name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int as_int = PyLong_AsInt(obj);
+    Py_DECREF(obj);
+    if (as_int == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                     "config option %s value does not fit into a C int", name);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    *value = as_int;
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif  // PY_VERSION_HEX > 0x03090000 && !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif

tox.ini

@@ -11,12 +11,8 @@ deps =
 extras =
     tests
 commands =
-    make clean
-    {envpython} -m pip install .
     {envpython} selftest.py
     {envpython} -m pytest -W always {posargs}
-allowlist_externals =
-    make
 
 [testenv:lint]
 skip_install = true