Merge branch 'main' into jpeg-app-segments

.appveyor.yml

@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-skip_commits:
-  files:
-    - ".github/**/*"
-    - ".gitmodules"
-    - "docs/**/*"
-    - "wheels/**/*"
-
-version: '{build}'
-clone_folder: c:\pillow
-init:
-- ECHO %PYTHON%
-#- ps: iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/appveyor/ci/master/scripts/enable-rdp.ps1'))
-# Uncomment previous line to get RDP access during the build.
-
-environment:
-  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
-  EXECUTABLE: python.exe
-  TEST_OPTIONS:
-  DEPLOY: YES
-  matrix:
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python312
-    ARCHITECTURE: x86
-    APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2022
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python39-x64
-    ARCHITECTURE: AMD64
-    APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2019
-
-
-install:
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% --version'
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip install --upgrade pip'
-- curl -fsSL -o pillow-test-images.zip https://github.com/python-pillow/test-images/archive/main.zip
-- 7z x pillow-test-images.zip -oc:\
-- xcopy /S /Y c:\test-images-main\* c:\pillow\tests\images
-- curl -fsSL -o nasm-win64.zip https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/main/nasm-2.16.03-win64.zip
-- 7z x nasm-win64.zip -oc:\
-- choco install ghostscript --version=10.3.1
-- path c:\nasm-2.16.03;C:\Program Files\gs\gs10.03.1\bin;%PATH%
-- cd c:\pillow\winbuild\
-- ps: |
-        c:\python39\python.exe c:\pillow\winbuild\build_prepare.py -v --depends=C:\pillow-depends\
-        c:\pillow\winbuild\build\build_dep_all.cmd
-        $host.SetShouldExit(0)
-- path C:\pillow\winbuild\build\bin;%PATH%
-
-build_script:
-- cd c:\pillow
-- winbuild\build\build_env.cmd
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip install -v -C raqm=vendor -C fribidi=vendor .'
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% selftest.py --installed'
-
-test_script:
-- cd c:\pillow
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip install pytest pytest-cov pytest-timeout defusedxml numpy olefile pyroma'
-- c:\"Program Files (x86)"\"Windows Kits"\10\Debuggers\x86\gflags.exe /p /enable %PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE%
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -c "from PIL import Image"'
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pytest -vx --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests'
-#- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% test-installed.py -v -s %TEST_OPTIONS%' TODO TEST_OPTIONS with pytest?
-
-after_test:
-- curl -Os https://uploader.codecov.io/latest/windows/codecov.exe
-- .\codecov.exe --file coverage.xml --name %PYTHON% --flags AppVeyor
-
-matrix:
-  fast_finish: true
-
-cache:
-- '%LOCALAPPDATA%\pip\Cache'
-
-artifacts:
-- path: pillow\*.egg
-  name: egg
-- path: pillow\*.whl
-  name: wheel
-
-before_deploy:
-  - cd c:\pillow
-  - '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip wheel -v -C raqm=vendor -C fribidi=vendor .'
-  - ps: Get-ChildItem .\*.whl | % { Push-AppveyorArtifact $_.FullName -FileName $_.Name }
-
-deploy:
-  provider: S3
-  region: us-west-2
-  access_key_id: AKIAIRAXC62ZNTVQJMOQ
-  secret_access_key:
-    secure: Hwb6klTqtBeMgxAjRoDltiiqpuH8xbwD4UooDzBSiCWXjuFj1lyl4kHgHwTCCGqi
-  bucket: pillow-nightly
-  folder: win/$(APPVEYOR_BUILD_NUMBER)/
-  artifact: /.*egg|wheel/
-  on:
-    APPVEYOR_REPO_NAME: python-pillow/Pillow
-    branch: main
-    deploy: YES
-
-
-# Uncomment the following lines to get RDP access after the build/test and block for
-# up to the timeout limit (~1hr)
-#
-#on_finish:
-#- ps: $blockRdp = $true; iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/appveyor/ci/master/scripts/enable-rdp.ps1'))

.ci/after_success.sh

@@ -2,8 +2,4 @@
 
 # gather the coverage data
 python3 -m pip install coverage
-if [[ $MATRIX_DOCKER ]]; then
+python3 -m coverage xml
-  python3 -m coverage xml --ignore-errors
-else
-  python3 -m coverage xml
-fi

.ci/build.sh

@@ -3,8 +3,5 @@
 set -e
 
 python3 -m coverage erase
-if [ $(uname) == "Darwin" ]; then
-    export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/miniconda/include";
-fi
 make clean
 make install-coverage

.ci/install.sh

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 
 aptget_update()
 {
-    if [ ! -z $1 ]; then
+    if [ -n "$1" ]; then
         echo ""
         echo "Retrying apt-get update..."
         echo ""
     fi
-    output=`sudo apt-get update 2>&1`
+    output=$(sudo apt-get update 2>&1)
     echo "$output"
     if [[ $output == *[WE]:\ * ]]; then
         return 1
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ set -e
 
 if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
     sudo apt-get -qq install libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev python3-tk\
-                             ghostscript libffi-dev libjpeg-turbo-progs libopenjp2-7-dev\
+                             ghostscript libjpeg-turbo8-dev libopenjp2-7-dev\
                              cmake meson imagemagick libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev\
                              sway wl-clipboard libopenblas-dev
 fi
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
 python3 -m pip install --upgrade wheel
 python3 -m pip install coverage
 python3 -m pip install defusedxml
+python3 -m pip install ipython
 python3 -m pip install olefile
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest-cov
@@ -37,12 +38,7 @@ python3 -m pip install -U pytest-timeout
 python3 -m pip install pyroma
 
 if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
-    # TODO Update condition when NumPy supports free-threading
+    python3 -m pip install numpy
-    if [[ "$PYTHON_GIL" == "0" ]]; then
-        python3 -m pip install numpy --index-url https://pypi.anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels/simple
-    else
-        python3 -m pip install numpy
-    fi
 
     # PyQt6 doesn't support PyPy3
     if [[ $GHA_PYTHON_VERSION == 3.* ]]; then
@@ -52,10 +48,7 @@ if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
     fi
 
     # Pyroma uses non-isolated build and fails with old setuptools
-    if [[
+    if [[ $GHA_PYTHON_VERSION == 3.9 ]]; then
-        $GHA_PYTHON_VERSION == pypy3.9
-        || $GHA_PYTHON_VERSION == 3.9
-    ]]; then
         # To match pyproject.toml
         python3 -m pip install "setuptools>=67.8"
     fi

.ci/requirements-cibw.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-cibuildwheel==2.19.2
+cibuildwheel==2.23.0

.ci/requirements-mypy.txt

@@ -1 +1,12 @@
-mypy==1.11.0
+mypy==1.15.0
+IceSpringPySideStubs-PyQt6
+IceSpringPySideStubs-PySide6
+ipython
+numpy
+packaging
+pytest
+sphinx
+types-atheris
+types-defusedxml
+types-olefile
+types-setuptools

.ci/test.cmd

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+python.exe -c "from PIL import Image"
+IF ERRORLEVEL 1 EXIT /B
+python.exe -bb -m pytest -v -x -W always --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests

.ci/test.sh

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ set -e
 
 python3 -c "from PIL import Image"
 
-python3 -bb -m pytest -v -x -W always --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term Tests $REVERSE
+python3 -bb -m pytest -v -x -W always --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests $REVERSE

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Please send a pull request to the `main` branch. Please include [documentation](
 - Fork the Pillow repository.
 - Create a branch from `main`.
 - Develop bug fixes, features, tests, etc.
-- Run the test suite. You can enable GitHub Actions (https://github.com/MY-USERNAME/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/projects/new) on your repo to catch test failures prior to the pull request, and [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh) to see if the changed code is covered by tests.
+- Run the test suite. You can enable GitHub Actions (https://github.com/MY-USERNAME/Pillow/actions) on your repo to catch test failures prior to the pull request, and [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh) to see if the changed code is covered by tests.
 - Create a pull request to pull the changes from your branch to the Pillow `main`.
 
 ### Guidelines
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@ Please send a pull request to the `main` branch. Please include [documentation](
 - Separate code commits from reformatting commits.
 - Provide tests for any newly added code.
 - Follow PEP 8.
-- When committing only documentation changes please include `[ci skip]` in the commit message to avoid running tests on AppVeyor.
+- When committing only documentation changes please include `[ci skip]` in the commit message to avoid running extra tests.
 - Include [release notes](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/tree/main/docs/releasenotes) as needed or appropriate with your bug fixes, feature additions and tests.
-- Do not add to the [changelog](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/CHANGES.rst) for proposed changes, as that is updated after changes are merged.
 
 ## Reporting Issues
 

.github/mergify.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ pull_request_rules:
       - status-success=Windows Test Successful
       - status-success=MinGW
       - status-success=Cygwin Test Successful
-      - status-success=continuous-integration/appveyor/pr
     actions:
       merge:
         method: merge

.github/release-drafter.yml

@@ -3,18 +3,19 @@ tag-template: "$NEXT_MINOR_VERSION"
 change-template: '- $TITLE #$NUMBER [@$AUTHOR]'
 
 categories:
-  - title: "Dependencies"
+  - title: "Removals"
-    label: "Dependency"
+    label: "Removal"
   - title: "Deprecations"
     label: "Deprecation"
   - title: "Documentation"
     label: "Documentation"
-  - title: "Removals"
+  - title: "Dependencies"
-    label: "Removal"
+    label: "Dependency"
   - title: "Testing"
     label: "Testing"
   - title: "Type hints"
     label: "Type hints"
+  - title: "Other changes"
 
 exclude-labels:
   - "changelog: skip"
@@ -23,6 +24,4 @@ template: |
 
   https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/$NEXT_MINOR_VERSION.html
 
-  ## Changes
-
   $CHANGES

.github/renovate.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
     "$schema": "https://docs.renovatebot.com/renovate-schema.json",
     "extends": [
-        "config:base"
+        "config:recommended"
     ],
     "labels": [
         "Dependency"
@@ -9,9 +9,13 @@
     "packageRules": [
         {
             "groupName": "github-actions",
-            "matchManagers": ["github-actions"],
+            "matchManagers": [
-            "separateMajorMinor": "false"
+                "github-actions"
+            ],
+            "separateMajorMinor": false
         }
     ],
-    "schedule": ["on the 3rd day of the month"]
+    "schedule": [
+        "on the 3rd day of the month"
+    ]
 }

.github/workflows/cifuzz.yml

@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@ on:
       - "**"
     paths:
       - ".github/workflows/cifuzz.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh"
       - "**.c"
       - "**.h"
   pull_request:
     paths:
       - ".github/workflows/cifuzz.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh"
       - "**.c"
       - "**.h"
   workflow_dispatch:
@@ -24,8 +26,6 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   Fuzzing:
-    # Disabled until google/oss-fuzz#11419 upgrades Python to 3.9+
-    if: false
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - name: Build Fuzzers

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Set up Python
       uses: actions/setup-python@v5

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: pre-commit cache
       uses: actions/cache@v4

.github/workflows/macos-install.sh

@@ -2,24 +2,24 @@
 
 set -e
 
+if [[ "$ImageOS" == "macos13" ]]; then
+    brew uninstall gradle maven
+fi
 brew install \
     freetype \
     ghostscript \
+    jpeg-turbo \
     libimagequant \
-    libjpeg \
+    libraqm \
     libtiff \
     little-cms2 \
     openjpeg \
     webp
-if [[ "$ImageOS" == "macos13" ]]; then
-    brew install --ignore-dependencies libraqm
-else
-    brew install libraqm
-fi
 export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openblas/lib/pkgconfig"
 
 python3 -m pip install coverage
 python3 -m pip install defusedxml
+python3 -m pip install ipython
 python3 -m pip install olefile
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest-cov

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 permissions:
-  issues: write
+  contents: read
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   stale:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow'
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 

.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml

@@ -48,9 +48,11 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Checkout Pillow
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Cygwin
-        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v4
+        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v5
         with:
           packages: >
             gcc-g++
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@ jobs:
             perl
             python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-cython
             python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-devel
+            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-ipython
             python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-numpy
             python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-sip
             python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-tkinter
@@ -130,11 +133,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: After success
         run: |
           bash.exe .ci/after_success.sh
+          rm C:\cygwin\bin\bash.EXE
 
       - name: Upload coverage
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
         with:
-          file: ./coverage.xml
+          files: ./coverage.xml
           flags: GHA_Cygwin
           name: Cygwin Python 3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}
           token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/test-docker.yml

@@ -29,42 +29,46 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   build:
 
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
+        os: ["ubuntu-latest"]
         docker: [
-          # Run slower jobs first to give them a headstart and reduce waiting time
-          ubuntu-22.04-jammy-arm64v8,
-          ubuntu-24.04-noble-ppc64le,
-          ubuntu-24.04-noble-s390x,
-          # Then run the remainder
           alpine,
           amazon-2-amd64,
           amazon-2023-amd64,
           arch,
           centos-stream-9-amd64,
+          centos-stream-10-amd64,
           debian-12-bookworm-x86,
           debian-12-bookworm-amd64,
-          fedora-39-amd64,
           fedora-40-amd64,
+          fedora-41-amd64,
           gentoo,
           ubuntu-22.04-jammy-amd64,
           ubuntu-24.04-noble-amd64,
         ]
         dockerTag: [main]
         include:
-          - docker: "ubuntu-22.04-jammy-arm64v8"
-            qemu-arch: "aarch64"
           - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-ppc64le"
+            os: "ubuntu-22.04"
             qemu-arch: "ppc64le"
+            dockerTag: main
           - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-s390x"
+            os: "ubuntu-22.04"
             qemu-arch: "s390x"
+            dockerTag: main
+          - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-arm64v8"
+            os: "ubuntu-24.04-arm"
+            dockerTag: main
 
     name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Build system information
       run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py
@@ -87,22 +91,21 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: After success
       run: |
-        PATH="$PATH:~/.local/bin"
         docker start pillow_container
+        sudo docker cp pillow_container:/Pillow /Pillow
+        sudo chown -R runner /Pillow
         pil_path=`docker exec pillow_container /vpy3/bin/python -c 'import os, PIL;print(os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(PIL.__file__)))'`
         docker stop pillow_container
         sudo mkdir -p $pil_path
         sudo cp src/PIL/*.py $pil_path
+        cd /Pillow
         .ci/after_success.sh
-      env:
-        MATRIX_DOCKER: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
       with:
         flags: GHA_Docker
         name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
-        gcov: true
         token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}
 
   success:

.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml

@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Checkout Pillow
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Set up shell
         run: echo "C:\msys64\usr\bin\" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
@@ -64,29 +66,28 @@ jobs:
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libtiff \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libwebp \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-openjpeg2 \
-              mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-numpy \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-numpy \
-              mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-olefile \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-olefile \
-              mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-setuptools \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pip \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest-cov \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest-timeout \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pyqt6
 
-          python3 -m ensurepip
-          python3 -m pip install pyroma pytest pytest-cov pytest-timeout
-
           pushd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && popd
 
       - name: Build Pillow
-        run: SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS="stdlib" CFLAGS="-coverage" python3 -m pip install .
+        run: CFLAGS="-coverage" python3 -m pip install .
 
       - name: Test Pillow
         run: |
           python3 selftest.py --installed
-          python3 -c "from PIL import Image"
+          .ci/test.sh
-          python3 -m pytest -vx --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests
 
       - name: Upload coverage
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
         with:
-          file: ./coverage.xml
+          files: ./coverage.xml
           flags: GHA_Windows
           name: "MSYS2 MinGW"
           token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/test-valgrind.yml

@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Build system information
       run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -31,29 +31,38 @@ env:
 
 jobs:
   build:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["pypy3.10", "pypy3.9", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: ["pypy3.11", "pypy3.10", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        architecture: ["x64"]
+        os: ["windows-latest"]
+        include:
+            # Test the oldest Python on 32-bit
+            - { python-version: "3.9", architecture: "x86", os: "windows-2019" }
 
     timeout-minutes: 30
 
-    name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+    name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} (${{ matrix.architecture }})
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Pillow
       uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Checkout cached dependencies
       uses: actions/checkout@v4
       with:
+        persist-credentials: false
         repository: python-pillow/pillow-depends
         path: winbuild\depends
 
     - name: Checkout extra test images
       uses: actions/checkout@v4
       with:
+        persist-credentials: false
         repository: python-pillow/test-images
         path: Tests\test-images
 
@@ -63,22 +72,21 @@ jobs:
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         allow-prereleases: true
+        architecture: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
         cache: pip
         cache-dependency-path: ".github/workflows/test-windows.yml"
 
     - name: Print build system information
       run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py
 
-    - name: Install Python dependencies
+    - name: Upgrade pip
-      run: >
+      run: |
-        python3 -m pip install
+        python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        coverage>=7.4.2
+
-        defusedxml
+    - name: Install CPython dependencies
-        olefile
+      if: "!contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy') && matrix.architecture != 'x86'"
-        pyroma
+      run: |
-        pytest
+        python3 -m pip install PyQt6
-        pytest-cov
-        pytest-timeout
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       id: install
@@ -86,8 +94,8 @@ jobs:
         choco install nasm --no-progress
         echo "C:\Program Files\NASM" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
 
-        choco install ghostscript --version=10.3.1 --no-progress
+        choco install ghostscript --version=10.4.0 --no-progress
-        echo "C:\Program Files\gs\gs10.00.0\bin" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
+        echo "C:\Program Files\gs\gs10.04.0\bin" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
 
         # Install extra test images
         xcopy /S /Y Tests\test-images\* Tests\images
@@ -178,7 +186,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Build Pillow
       run: |
         $FLAGS="-C raqm=vendor -C fribidi=vendor"
-        cmd /c "winbuild\build\build_env.cmd && $env:pythonLocation\python.exe -m pip install -v $FLAGS ."
+        cmd /c "winbuild\build\build_env.cmd && $env:pythonLocation\python.exe -m pip install -v $FLAGS .[tests]"
         & $env:pythonLocation\python.exe selftest.py --installed
       shell: pwsh
 
@@ -190,8 +198,8 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Test Pillow
       run: |
-        path %GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\\winbuild\\build\\bin;%PATH%
+        path %GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\build\bin;%PATH%
-        python.exe -m pytest -vx -W always --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests
+        .ci\test.cmd
       shell: cmd
 
     - name: Prepare to upload errors
@@ -213,9 +221,9 @@ jobs:
       shell: pwsh
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
       with:
-        file: ./coverage.xml
+        files: ./coverage.xml
         flags: GHA_Windows
         name: ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -37,12 +37,14 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [
-          "macos-14",
+          "macos-latest",
           "ubuntu-latest",
         ]
         python-version: [
+          "pypy3.11",
           "pypy3.10",
-          "pypy3.9",
+          "3.14",
+          "3.13t",
           "3.13",
           "3.12",
           "3.11",
@@ -53,21 +55,22 @@ jobs:
         - { python-version: "3.11", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 1, REVERSE: "--reverse" }
         - { python-version: "3.10", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2 }
         # Free-threaded
-        - { os: "ubuntu-latest", python-version: "3.13-dev", disable-gil: true }
+        - { python-version: "3.13t", disable-gil: true }
         # M1 only available for 3.10+
         - { os: "macos-13", python-version: "3.9" }
         exclude:
-        - { os: "macos-14", python-version: "3.9" }
+        - { os: "macos-latest", python-version: "3.9" }
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} ${{ matrix.disable-gil && 'free-threaded' || '' }}
+    name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      uses: Quansight-Labs/setup-python@v5
-      if: "${{ !matrix.disable-gil }}"
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         allow-prereleases: true
@@ -76,13 +79,6 @@ jobs:
           ".ci/*.sh"
           "pyproject.toml"
 
-    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} (free-threaded)
-      uses: deadsnakes/action@v3.1.0
-      if: "${{ matrix.disable-gil }}"
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        nogil: ${{ matrix.disable-gil }}
-
     - name: Set PYTHON_GIL
       if: "${{ matrix.disable-gil }}"
       run: |
@@ -115,7 +111,7 @@ jobs:
         GHA_PYTHON_VERSION: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
     - name: Register gcc problem matcher
-      if: "matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.python-version == '3.12'"
+      if: "matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.python-version == '3.13'"
       run: echo "::add-matcher::.github/problem-matchers/gcc.json"
 
     - name: Build
@@ -155,11 +151,10 @@ jobs:
         .ci/after_success.sh
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
       with:
         flags: ${{ matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && 'GHA_Ubuntu' || 'GHA_macOS' }}
         name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        gcov: true
         token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}
 
   success:

.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh

@@ -1,11 +1,33 @@
 #!/bin/bash
-# Define custom utilities
+
-# Test for macOS with [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]
+# Setup that needs to be done before multibuild utils are invoked
-if [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+PROJECTDIR=$(pwd)
-    export MB_ML_LIBC=${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}
+if [[ "$(uname -s)" == "Darwin" ]]; then
-    export MB_ML_VER=${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY:9}
+    # Safety check - macOS builds require that CIBW_ARCHS is set, and that it
+    # only contains a single value (even though cibuildwheel allows multiple
+    # values in CIBW_ARCHS).
+    if [[ -z "$CIBW_ARCHS" ]]; then
+        echo "ERROR: Pillow macOS builds require CIBW_ARCHS be defined."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    if [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == *" "* ]]; then
+        echo "ERROR: Pillow macOS builds only support a single architecture in CIBW_ARCHS."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    # Build macOS dependencies in `build/darwin`
+    # Install them into `build/deps/darwin`
+    WORKDIR=$(pwd)/build/darwin
+    BUILD_PREFIX=$(pwd)/build/deps/darwin
+else
+    # Build prefix will default to /usr/local
+    WORKDIR=$(pwd)/build
+    MB_ML_LIBC=${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}
+    MB_ML_VER=${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY:9}
 fi
-export PLAT=$CIBW_ARCHS
+PLAT=$CIBW_ARCHS
+
+# Define custom utilities
 source wheels/multibuild/common_utils.sh
 source wheels/multibuild/library_builders.sh
 if [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
@@ -15,90 +37,111 @@ fi
 ARCHIVE_SDIR=pillow-depends-main
 
 # Package versions for fresh source builds
-FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.2
+FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.3
-HARFBUZZ_VERSION=8.5.0
+HARFBUZZ_VERSION=10.4.0
-LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.43
+LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.47
-JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.0.3
+JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.1.0
-OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.2
+OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.3
-XZ_VERSION=5.4.5
+XZ_VERSION=5.6.4
 TIFF_VERSION=4.6.0
-LCMS2_VERSION=2.16
+LCMS2_VERSION=2.17
-if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
+ZLIB_NG_VERSION=2.2.4
-    GIFLIB_VERSION=5.2.2
+LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.5.0
-else
-    GIFLIB_VERSION=5.2.1
-fi
-if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]] || [[ "$MB_ML_VER" != 2014 ]]; then
-    ZLIB_VERSION=1.3.1
-else
-    ZLIB_VERSION=1.2.8
-fi
-LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.4.0
 BZIP2_VERSION=1.0.8
 LIBXCB_VERSION=1.17.0
 BROTLI_VERSION=1.1.0
 
-if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]] && [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == "x86_64" ]]; then
+function build_pkg_config {
-    function build_openjpeg {
+    if [ -e pkg-config-stamp ]; then return; fi
-        local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/uclouvain/openjpeg/archive/v${OPENJPEG_VERSION}.tar.gz openjpeg-${OPENJPEG_VERSION}.tar.gz)
+    # This essentially duplicates the Homebrew recipe
-        (cd $out_dir \
+    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wno-int-conversion" build_simple pkg-config 0.29.2 https://pkg-config.freedesktop.org/releases tar.gz \
-            && cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$BUILD_PREFIX -DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib . \
+        --disable-debug --disable-host-tool --with-internal-glib \
-            && make install)
+        --with-pc-path=$BUILD_PREFIX/share/pkgconfig:$BUILD_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig \
-        touch openjpeg-stamp
+        --with-system-include-path=$(xcrun --show-sdk-path --sdk macosx)/usr/include
-    }
+    export PKG_CONFIG=$BUILD_PREFIX/bin/pkg-config
-fi
+    touch pkg-config-stamp
+}
+
+function build_zlib_ng {
+    if [ -e zlib-stamp ]; then return; fi
+    fetch_unpack https://github.com/zlib-ng/zlib-ng/archive/$ZLIB_NG_VERSION.tar.gz zlib-ng-$ZLIB_NG_VERSION.tar.gz
+    (cd zlib-ng-$ZLIB_NG_VERSION \
+        && ./configure --prefix=$BUILD_PREFIX --zlib-compat \
+        && make -j4 \
+        && make install)
+
+    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+        # Ensure that on macOS, the library name is an absolute path, not an
+        # @rpath, so that delocate picks up the right library (and doesn't need
+        # DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH to be set). The default Makefile doesn't have an
+        # option to control the install_name.
+        install_name_tool -id $BUILD_PREFIX/lib/libz.1.dylib $BUILD_PREFIX/lib/libz.1.dylib
+    fi
+    touch zlib-stamp
+}
 
 function build_brotli {
-    local cmake=$(get_modern_cmake)
+    if [ -e brotli-stamp ]; then return; fi
-    local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/google/brotli/archive/v$BROTLI_VERSION.tar.gz brotli-1.1.0.tar.gz)
+    local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/google/brotli/archive/v$BROTLI_VERSION.tar.gz brotli-$BROTLI_VERSION.tar.gz)
     (cd $out_dir \
-        && $cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$BUILD_PREFIX -DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib . \
+        && cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$BUILD_PREFIX -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib -DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib . \
         && make install)
-    if [[ "$MB_ML_LIBC" == "manylinux" ]]; then
+    touch brotli-stamp
-        cp /usr/local/lib64/libbrotli* /usr/local/lib
+}
-        cp /usr/local/lib64/pkgconfig/libbrotli* /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
+
-    fi
+function build_harfbuzz {
+    if [ -e harfbuzz-stamp ]; then return; fi
+    python3 -m pip install meson ninja
+
+    local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/releases/download/$HARFBUZZ_VERSION/harfbuzz-$HARFBUZZ_VERSION.tar.xz harfbuzz-$HARFBUZZ_VERSION.tar.xz)
+    (cd $out_dir \
+        && meson setup build --prefix=$BUILD_PREFIX --libdir=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib --buildtype=release -Dfreetype=enabled -Dglib=disabled)
+    (cd $out_dir/build \
+        && meson install)
+    touch harfbuzz-stamp
 }
 
 function build {
-    if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]] && [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == "arm64" ]]; then
-        sudo chown -R runner /usr/local
-    fi
     build_xz
-    if [ -z "$IS_ALPINE" ] && [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+    if [ -z "$IS_ALPINE" ] && [ -z "$SANITIZER" ] && [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
         yum remove -y zlib-devel
     fi
-    build_new_zlib
+    build_zlib_ng
 
     build_simple xcb-proto 1.17.0 https://xorg.freedesktop.org/archive/individual/proto
     if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
         build_simple xorgproto 2024.1 https://www.x.org/pub/individual/proto
-        build_simple libXau 1.0.11 https://www.x.org/pub/individual/lib
+        build_simple libXau 1.0.12 https://www.x.org/pub/individual/lib
         build_simple libpthread-stubs 0.5 https://xcb.freedesktop.org/dist
-        if [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == "arm64" ]]; then
-            cp /usr/local/share/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
-        fi
     else
-        sed s/\${pc_sysrootdir\}// /usr/local/share/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc > /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc
+        sed s/\${pc_sysrootdir\}// $BUILD_PREFIX/share/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc > $BUILD_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc
     fi
     build_simple libxcb $LIBXCB_VERSION https://www.x.org/releases/individual/lib
 
     build_libjpeg_turbo
-    build_tiff
+    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+        # Custom tiff build to include jpeg; by default, configure won't include
+        # headers/libs in the custom macOS prefix. Explicitly disable webp,
+        # libdeflate and zstd, because on x86_64 macs, it will pick up the
+        # Homebrew versions of those libraries from /usr/local.
+        build_simple tiff $TIFF_VERSION https://download.osgeo.org/libtiff tar.gz \
+            --with-jpeg-include-dir=$BUILD_PREFIX/include --with-jpeg-lib-dir=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib \
+            --disable-webp --disable-libdeflate --disable-zstd
+    else
+        build_tiff
+    fi
+
     build_libpng
     build_lcms2
     build_openjpeg
-    if [ -f /usr/local/lib64/libopenjp2.so ]; then
-        cp /usr/local/lib64/libopenjp2.so /usr/local/lib
-    fi
 
-    ORIGINAL_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
+    webp_cflags="-O3 -DNDEBUG"
-    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -O3 -DNDEBUG"
     if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
-        CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names"
+        webp_cflags="$webp_cflags -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names"
     fi
-    build_libwebp
+    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $webp_cflags" build_simple libwebp $LIBWEBP_VERSION \
-    CFLAGS=$ORIGINAL_CFLAGS
+        https://storage.googleapis.com/downloads.webmproject.org/releases/webp tar.gz \
+        --enable-libwebpmux --enable-libwebpdemux
 
     build_brotli
 
@@ -109,42 +152,50 @@ function build {
         build_freetype
     fi
 
-    if [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+    build_harfbuzz
-        export FREETYPE_LIBS=-lfreetype
-        export FREETYPE_CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include/freetype2/
-    fi
-    build_simple harfbuzz $HARFBUZZ_VERSION https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/releases/download/$HARFBUZZ_VERSION tar.xz --with-freetype=yes --with-glib=no
-    if [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
-        export FREETYPE_LIBS=""
-        export FREETYPE_CFLAGS=""
-    fi
 }
 
+# Perform all dependency builds in the build subfolder.
+mkdir -p $WORKDIR
+pushd $WORKDIR > /dev/null
+
 # Any stuff that you need to do before you start building the wheels
 # Runs in the root directory of this repository.
-curl -fsSL -o pillow-depends-main.zip https://github.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/archive/main.zip
+if [[ ! -d $WORKDIR/pillow-depends-main ]]; then
-untar pillow-depends-main.zip
+  if [[ ! -f $PROJECTDIR/pillow-depends-main.zip ]]; then
+    echo "Download pillow dependency sources..."
+    curl -fSL -o $PROJECTDIR/pillow-depends-main.zip https://github.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/archive/main.zip
+  fi
+  echo "Unpacking pillow dependency sources..."
+  untar $PROJECTDIR/pillow-depends-main.zip
+fi
 
 if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
-  # libtiff and libxcb cause a conflict with building libtiff and libxcb
+    # Homebrew (or similar packaging environments) install can contain some of
-  # libxau and libxdmcp cause an issue on macOS < 11
+    # the libraries that we're going to build. However, they may be compiled
-  # remove cairo to fix building harfbuzz on arm64
+    # with a MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET that doesn't match what we want to use,
-  # remove lcms2 and libpng to fix building openjpeg on arm64
+    # and they may bring in other dependencies that we don't want. The same will
-  # remove jpeg-turbo to avoid inclusion on arm64
+    # be true of any other locations on the path. To avoid conflicts, strip the
-  # remove webp and zstd to avoid inclusion on x86_64
+    # path down to the bare minimum (which, on macOS, won't include any
-  # curl from brew requires zstd, use system curl
+    # development dependencies).
-  brew remove --ignore-dependencies libpng libtiff libxcb libxau libxdmcp curl cairo lcms2 zstd
+    export PATH="$BUILD_PREFIX/bin:$(dirname $(which python3)):/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin"
-  if [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == "arm64" ]]; then
+    export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$BUILD_PREFIX
-    brew remove --ignore-dependencies jpeg-turbo
-  else
-    brew remove --ignore-dependencies webp
-  fi
 
-  brew install pkg-config
+    # Ensure the basic structure of the build prefix directory exists.
+    mkdir -p "$BUILD_PREFIX/bin"
+    mkdir -p "$BUILD_PREFIX/lib"
+
+    # Ensure pkg-config is available
+    build_pkg_config
+    # Ensure cmake is available
+    python3 -m pip install cmake
 fi
 
 wrap_wheel_builder build
 
+# Return to the project root to finish the build
+popd > /dev/null
+
 # Append licenses
 for filename in wheels/dependency_licenses/*; do
   echo -e "\n\n----\n\n$(basename $filename | cut -f 1 -d '.')\n" | cat >> LICENSE

.github/workflows/wheels-test.ps1

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ if ("$venv" -like "*\cibw-run-*\pp*-win_amd64\*") {
 $env:path += ";$pillow\winbuild\build\bin\"
 & "$venv\Scripts\activate.ps1"
 & reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\python.exe" /v "GlobalFlag" /t REG_SZ /d "0x02000000" /f
+if ("$venv" -like "*\cibw-run-*-win_amd64\*") {
+  & python -m pip install numpy
+}
 cd $pillow
 & python -VV
 if (!$?) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }

.github/workflows/wheels-test.sh

@@ -1,26 +1,31 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 set -e
 
+# Ensure fribidi is installed by the system.
 if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
-    brew install fribidi
+    # If Homebrew is on the path during the build, it may leak into the wheels.
-    export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openblas/lib/pkgconfig"
+    # However, we *do* need Homebrew to provide a copy of fribidi for
-    if [ -f /opt/homebrew/lib/libfribidi.dylib ]; then
+    # testing purposes so that we can verify the fribidi shim works as expected.
-        sudo cp /opt/homebrew/lib/libfribidi.dylib /usr/local/lib
+    if [[ "$(uname -m)" == "x86_64" ]]; then
+        HOMEBREW_PREFIX=/usr/local
+    else
+        HOMEBREW_PREFIX=/opt/homebrew
     fi
+    $HOMEBREW_PREFIX/bin/brew install fribidi
+
+    # Add the lib folder for fribidi so that the vendored library can be found.
+    # Don't use $HOMEWBREW_PREFIX/lib directly - use the lib folder where the
+    # installed copy of fribidi is cellared. This ensures we don't pick up the
+    # Homebrew version of any other library that we're dependent on (most notably,
+    # freetype).
+    export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(dirname $(realpath $HOMEBREW_PREFIX/lib/libfribidi.dylib))
 elif [ "${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}" == "musllinux" ]; then
     apk add curl fribidi
 else
     yum install -y fribidi
 fi
 
-if [ "${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}" != "musllinux" ]; then
+python3 -m pip install numpy
-  # TODO Update condition when NumPy supports free-threading
-  if [ $(python3 -c "import sysconfig;print(sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_GIL_DISABLED'))") == "1" ]; then
-    python3 -m pip install numpy --index-url https://pypi.anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels/simple
-  else
-    python3 -m pip install numpy
-  fi
-fi
 
 if [ ! -d "test-images-main" ]; then
     curl -fsSL -o pillow-test-images.zip https://github.com/python-pillow/test-images/archive/main.zip

.github/workflows/wheels.yml

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ on:
     paths:
       - ".ci/requirements-cibw.txt"
       - ".github/workflows/wheel*"
+      - "pyproject.toml"
       - "setup.py"
       - "wheels/*"
       - "winbuild/build_prepare.py"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ on:
     paths:
       - ".ci/requirements-cibw.txt"
       - ".github/workflows/wheel*"
+      - "pyproject.toml"
       - "setup.py"
       - "wheels/*"
       - "winbuild/build_prepare.py"
@@ -40,63 +42,7 @@ env:
   FORCE_COLOR: 1
 
 jobs:
-  build-1-QEMU-emulated-wheels:
+  build-native-wheels:
-    if: github.event_name != 'schedule' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
-    name: aarch64 ${{ matrix.python-version }} ${{ matrix.spec }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        python-version:
-          - pp39
-          - pp310
-          - cp3{9,10,11}
-          - cp3{12,13}
-        spec:
-          - manylinux2014
-          - manylinux_2_28
-          - musllinux
-        exclude:
-          - { python-version: pp39, spec: musllinux }
-          - { python-version: pp310, spec: musllinux }
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          submodules: true
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with:
-          python-version: "3.x"
-
-      # https://github.com/docker/setup-qemu-action
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-
-      - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: |
-          python3 -m pip install -r .ci/requirements-cibw.txt
-
-      - name: Build wheels
-        run: |
-          python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-        env:
-          # Build only the currently selected Linux architecture (so we can
-          # parallelise for speed).
-          CIBW_ARCHS: "aarch64"
-          # Likewise, select only one Python version per job to speed this up.
-          CIBW_BUILD: "${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.spec == 'musllinux' && 'musllinux' || 'manylinux' }}*"
-          CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS: True
-          # Extra options for manylinux.
-          CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.spec }}
-          CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.spec }}
-
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: dist-qemu-${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.spec }}
-          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
-
-  build-2-native-wheels:
     if: github.event_name != 'schedule' || github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow'
     name: ${{ matrix.name }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -104,12 +50,23 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - name: "macOS x86_64"
+          - name: "macOS 10.10 x86_64"
             os: macos-13
             cibw_arch: x86_64
+            build: "cp3{9,10,11}*"
             macosx_deployment_target: "10.10"
+          - name: "macOS 10.13 x86_64"
+            os: macos-13
+            cibw_arch: x86_64
+            build: "cp3{12,13}*"
+            macosx_deployment_target: "10.13"
+          - name: "macOS 10.15 x86_64"
+            os: macos-13
+            cibw_arch: x86_64
+            build: "pp3*"
+            macosx_deployment_target: "10.15"
           - name: "macOS arm64"
-            os: macos-14
+            os: macos-latest
             cibw_arch: arm64
             macosx_deployment_target: "11.0"
           - name: "manylinux2014 and musllinux x86_64"
@@ -120,9 +77,18 @@ jobs:
             cibw_arch: x86_64
             build: "*manylinux*"
             manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
+          - name: "manylinux2014 and musllinux aarch64"
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            cibw_arch: aarch64
+          - name: "manylinux_2_28 aarch64"
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            cibw_arch: aarch64
+            build: "*manylinux*"
+            manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
+          persist-credentials: false
           submodules: true
 
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
@@ -139,15 +105,17 @@ jobs:
         env:
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
           CIBW_BUILD: ${{ matrix.build }}
-          CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT: True
+          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading pypy
+          CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
+          CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
-          CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS: True
+          CIBW_SKIP: pp39-*
           MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: ${{ matrix.macosx_deployment_target }}
 
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: dist-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}${{ matrix.manylinux && format('-{0}', matrix.manylinux) }}
+          name: dist-${{ matrix.os }}${{ matrix.macosx_deployment_target && format('-{0}', matrix.macosx_deployment_target) }}-${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}${{ matrix.manylinux && format('-{0}', matrix.manylinux) }}
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 
   windows:
@@ -163,10 +131,13 @@ jobs:
           - cibw_arch: ARM64
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Checkout extra test images
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
+          persist-credentials: false
           repository: python-pillow/test-images
           path: Tests\test-images
 
@@ -213,8 +184,8 @@ jobs:
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
           CIBW_BEFORE_ALL: "{package}\\winbuild\\build\\build_dep_all.cmd"
           CIBW_CACHE_PATH: "C:\\cibw"
-          CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT: True
+          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading pypy
-          CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS: True
+          CIBW_SKIP: pp39-*
           CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*-win_arm64"
           CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: 'docker run --rm
             -v {project}:C:\pillow
@@ -242,13 +213,13 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Set up Python
       uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-        cache: pip
-        cache-dependency-path: "Makefile"
 
     - run: make sdist
 
@@ -259,7 +230,7 @@ jobs:
 
   scientific-python-nightly-wheels-publish:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow' && (github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
-    needs: [build-2-native-wheels, windows]
+    needs: [build-native-wheels, windows]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Upload wheels to scientific-python-nightly-wheels
     steps:
@@ -269,14 +240,14 @@ jobs:
           path: dist
           merge-multiple: true
       - name: Upload wheels to scientific-python-nightly-wheels
-        uses: scientific-python/upload-nightly-action@b67d7fcc0396e1128a474d1ab2b48aa94680f9fc # 0.5.0
+        uses: scientific-python/upload-nightly-action@82396a2ed4269ba06c6b2988bb4fd568ef3c3d6b # 0.6.1
         with:
           artifacts_path: dist
           anaconda_nightly_upload_token: ${{ secrets.ANACONDA_ORG_UPLOAD_TOKEN }}
 
   pypi-publish:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow' && github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags')
-    needs: [build-1-QEMU-emulated-wheels, build-2-native-wheels, windows, sdist]
+    needs: [build-native-wheels, windows, sdist]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Upload release to PyPI
     environment:
@@ -292,3 +263,5 @@ jobs:
           merge-multiple: true
       - name: Publish to PyPI
         uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+        with:
+          attestations: true

.gitignore

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ lib64/
 parts/
 sdist/
 var/
+wheelhouse/
 *.egg-info/
 .installed.cfg
 *.egg
@@ -90,5 +91,9 @@ Tests/images/msp
 Tests/images/picins
 Tests/images/sunraster
 
+# Test and dependency downloads
+pillow-depends-main.zip
+pillow-test-images.zip
+
 # pyinstaller
 *.spec

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.5.0
+    rev: v0.9.9
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
-    rev: 24.4.2
+    rev: 25.1.0
     hooks:
       - id: black
 
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit
-    rev: 1.7.9
+    rev: 1.8.3
     hooks:
     - id: bandit
       args: [--severity-level=high]
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ repos:
         exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.gd$|\.opt$)
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: v18.1.8
+    rev: v19.1.7
     hooks:
       - id: clang-format
         types: [c]
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ repos:
       - id: rst-backticks
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v4.6.0
+    rev: v5.0.0
     hooks:
       - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
       - id: check-shebang-scripts-are-executable
@@ -50,29 +50,35 @@ repos:
         exclude: ^.github/.*TEMPLATE|^Tests/(fonts|images)/
 
   - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-    rev: 0.28.6
+    rev: 0.31.2
     hooks:
       - id: check-github-workflows
       - id: check-readthedocs
       - id: check-renovate
 
+  - repo: https://github.com/woodruffw/zizmor-pre-commit
+    rev: v1.4.1
+    hooks:
+      - id: zizmor
+
   - repo: https://github.com/sphinx-contrib/sphinx-lint
-    rev: v0.9.1
+    rev: v1.0.0
     hooks:
       - id: sphinx-lint
 
   - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt
-    rev: 2.1.3
+    rev: v2.5.1
     hooks:
       - id: pyproject-fmt
 
   - repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
-    rev: v0.18
+    rev: v0.23
     hooks:
       - id: validate-pyproject
+        additional_dependencies: [trove-classifiers>=2024.10.12]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/tox-ini-fmt
-    rev: 1.3.1
+    rev: 1.5.0
     hooks:
       - id: tox-ini-fmt
 

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 version: 2
 
+sphinx:
+  configuration: docs/conf.py
+
 formats: [pdf]
 
 build:

CHANGES.rst

@@ -2,9 +2,157 @@
 Changelog (Pillow)
 ==================
 
-11.0.0 (unreleased)
+11.1.0 and newer
+----------------
+
+See GitHub Releases:
+
+- https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases
+
+11.0.0 (2024-10-15)
 -------------------
 
+- Update licence to MIT-CMU #8460
+  [hugovk]
+
+- Conditionally define ImageCms type hint to avoid requiring core #8197
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Support writing LONG8 offsets in AppendingTiffWriter #8417
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Use ImageFile.MAXBLOCK when saving TIFF images #8461
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Do not close provided file handles with libtiff when saving #8458
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Support ImageFilter.BuiltinFilter for I;16* images #8438
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Use ImagingCore.ptr instead of ImagingCore.id #8341
+  [homm, radarhere, hugovk]
+
+- Updated EPS mode when opening images without transparency #8281
+  [Yay295, radarhere]
+
+- Use transparency when combining P frames from APNGs #8443
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Support all resampling filters when resizing I;16* images #8422
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Free memory on early return #8413
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Cast int before potentially exceeding INT_MAX #8402
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Check image value before use #8400
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Improved copying imagequant libraries #8420
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Use Capsule for WebP saving #8386
+  [homm, radarhere]
+
+- Fixed writing multiple StripOffsets to TIFF #8317
+  [Yay295, radarhere]
+
+- Fix dereference before checking for NULL in ImagingTransformAffine #8398
+  [PavlNekrasov]
+
+- Use transposed size after opening for TIFF images #8390
+  [radarhere, homm]
+
+- Improve ImageFont error messages #8338
+  [yngvem, radarhere, hugovk]
+
+- Mention MAX_TEXT_CHUNK limit in PNG error message #8391
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Cast Dib handle to int #8385
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Accept float stroke widths #8369
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Deprecate ICNS (width, height, scale) sizes in favour of load(scale) #8352
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Improved handling of RGBA palettes when saving GIF images #8366
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Deprecate isImageType #8364
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Support converting more modes to LAB by converting to RGBA first #8358
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Deprecate support for FreeType 2.9.0 #8356
+  [hugovk, radarhere]
+
+- Removed unused TiffImagePlugin IFD_LEGACY_API #8355
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Handle duplicate EXIF header #8350
+  [zakajd, radarhere]
+
+- Return early from BoxBlur if either width or height is zero #8347
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Check text is either string or bytes #8308
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Added writing XMP bytes to JPEG #8286
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Support JPEG2000 RGBA palettes #8256
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Expand C image to match GIF frame image size #8237
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Allow saving I;16 images as PPM #8231
+  [radarhere]
+
+- When IFD is missing, connect get_ifd() dictionary to Exif #8230
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Skip truncated ICO mask if LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES is enabled #8180
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Treat unknown JPEG2000 colorspace as unspecified #8343
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Updated error message when saving WebP with invalid width or height #8322
+  [radarhere, hugovk]
+
+- Remove warning if NumPy failed to raise an error during conversion #8326
+  [radarhere]
+
+- If left and right sides meet in ImageDraw.rounded_rectangle(), do not draw rectangle to fill gap #8304
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Remove WebP support without anim, mux/demux, and with buggy alpha #8213
+  [homm, radarhere]
+
+- Add missing TIFF CMYK;16B reader #8298
+  [homm]
+
+- Remove all WITH_* flags from _imaging.c and other flags #8211
+  [homm]
+
+- Improve ImageDraw2 shape methods #8265
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Lock around usages of imaging memory arenas #8238
+  [lysnikolaou]
+
+- Deprecate JpegImageFile huffman_ac and huffman_dc #8274
+  [radarhere]
+
 - Deprecate ImageMath lambda_eval and unsafe_eval options argument #8242
   [radarhere]
 

LICENSE

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ The Python Imaging Library (PIL) is
 
 Pillow is the friendly PIL fork. It is
 
-    Copyright © 2010-2024 by Jeffrey A. Clark and contributors
+    Copyright © 2010 by Jeffrey A. Clark and contributors
 
-Like PIL, Pillow is licensed under the open source HPND License:
+Like PIL, Pillow is licensed under the open source MIT-CMU License:
 
 By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its associated
 documentation, you agree that you have read, understood, and will comply

MANIFEST.in

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ graft docs
 graft _custom_build
 
 # build/src control detritus
-exclude .appveyor.yml
 exclude .clang-format
 exclude .coveragerc
 exclude .editorconfig

Makefile

@@ -17,12 +17,10 @@ coverage:
 .PHONY: doc
 .PHONY: html
 doc html:
-	python3 -c "import PIL" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install .
 	$(MAKE) -C docs html
 
 .PHONY: htmlview
 htmlview:
-	python3 -c "import PIL" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install .
 	$(MAKE) -C docs htmlview
 
 .PHONY: doccheck
@@ -117,7 +115,7 @@ lint-fix:
 	python3 -c "import black" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install black
 	python3 -m black .
 	python3 -c "import ruff" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install ruff
-	python3 -m ruff --fix .
+	python3 -m ruff check --fix .
 
 .PHONY: mypy
 mypy:

README.md

@@ -42,16 +42,13 @@ As of 2019, Pillow development is
             <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-docker.yml"><img
                 alt="GitHub Actions build status (Test Docker)"
                 src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20Docker/badge.svg"></a>
-            <a href="https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow"><img
-                alt="AppVeyor CI build status (Windows)"
-                src="https://img.shields.io/appveyor/build/python-pillow/Pillow/main.svg?label=Windows%20build"></a>
             <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml"><img
                 alt="GitHub Actions build status (Wheels)"
                 src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Wheels/badge.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://app.codecov.io/gh/python-pillow/Pillow"><img
                 alt="Code coverage"
                 src="https://codecov.io/gh/python-pillow/Pillow/branch/main/graph/badge.svg"></a>
-            <a href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:pillow"><img
+            <a href="https://issues.oss-fuzz.com/issues?q=title:pillow"><img
                 alt="Fuzzing Status"
                 src="https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/pillow.svg"></a>
         </td>
@@ -107,7 +104,7 @@ The core image library is designed for fast access to data stored in a few basic
   - [Issues](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues)
   - [Pull requests](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pulls)
 - [Release notes](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/index.html)
-- [Changelog](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/CHANGES.rst)
+- [Changelog](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases)
   - [Pre-fork](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/CHANGES.rst#pre-fork)
 
 ## Report a Vulnerability

RELEASING.md

@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@ Released quarterly on January 2nd, April 1st, July 1st and October 15th.
 
 * [ ] Open a release ticket e.g. https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/3154
 * [ ] Develop and prepare release in `main` branch.
-* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow) to confirm passing tests in `main` branch.
+* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) to confirm passing tests in `main` branch.
 * [ ] Check that all the wheel builds pass the tests in the [GitHub Actions "Wheels" workflow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml) jobs by manually triggering them.
 * [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/), update version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
-* [ ] Update `CHANGES.rst`.
 * [ ] Run pre-release check via `make release-test` in a freshly cloned repo.
 * [ ] Create branch and tag for release e.g.:
   ```bash
@@ -34,13 +33,12 @@ Released quarterly on January 2nd, April 1st, July 1st and October 15th.
 Released as needed for security, installation or critical bug fixes.
 
 * [ ] Make necessary changes in `main` branch.
-* [ ] Update `CHANGES.rst`.
 * [ ] Check out release branch e.g.:
   ```bash
   git checkout -t remotes/origin/5.2.x
   ```
 * [ ] Cherry pick individual commits from `main` branch to release branch e.g. `5.2.x`, then `git push`.
-* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow) to confirm passing tests in release branch e.g. `5.2.x`.
+* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) to confirm passing tests in release branch e.g. `5.2.x`.
 * [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/), update version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
 * [ ] Run pre-release check via `make release-test`.
 * [ ] Create tag for release e.g.:

Tests/check_png_dos.py

@@ -3,26 +3,25 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import zlib
 from io import BytesIO
 
+import pytest
+
 from PIL import Image, ImageFile, PngImagePlugin
 
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/png_decompression_dos.png"
 
 
-def test_ignore_dos_text() -> None:
+def test_ignore_dos_text(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-    ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
 
-    try:
+    with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
         im.load()
-    finally:
-        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
-    assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
-    for s in im.text.values():
+        for s in im.text.values():
-        assert len(s) < 1024 * 1024, "Text chunk larger than 1M"
+            assert len(s) < 1024 * 1024, "Text chunk larger than 1M"
 
-    for s in im.info.values():
+        for s in im.info.values():
-        assert len(s) < 1024 * 1024, "Text chunk larger than 1M"
+            assert len(s) < 1024 * 1024, "Text chunk larger than 1M"
 
 
 def test_dos_text() -> None:

Tests/check_wheel.py

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ def test_wheel_features() -> None:
         "fribidi",
         "harfbuzz",
         "libjpeg_turbo",
+        "zlib_ng",
         "xcb",
     }
 

Tests/helper.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import os
 import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
-import sysconfig
 import tempfile
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 from functools import lru_cache
@@ -140,18 +139,11 @@ def assert_image_similar_tofile(
     filename: str,
     epsilon: float,
     msg: str | None = None,
-    mode: str | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     with Image.open(filename) as img:
-        if mode:
-            img = img.convert(mode)
         assert_image_similar(a, img, epsilon, msg)
 
 
-def assert_all_same(items: Sequence[Any], msg: str | None = None) -> None:
-    assert items.count(items[0]) == len(items), msg
-
-
 def assert_not_all_same(items: Sequence[Any], msg: str | None = None) -> None:
     assert items.count(items[0]) != len(items), msg
 
@@ -327,16 +319,7 @@ def magick_command() -> list[str] | None:
     return None
 
 
-def on_appveyor() -> bool:
-    return "APPVEYOR" in os.environ
-
-
-def on_github_actions() -> bool:
-    return "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ
-
-
 def on_ci() -> bool:
-    # GitHub Actions and AppVeyor have "CI"
     return "CI" in os.environ
 
 
@@ -358,10 +341,6 @@ def is_pypy() -> bool:
     return hasattr(sys, "pypy_translation_info")
 
 
-def is_mingw() -> bool:
-    return sysconfig.get_platform() == "mingw"
-
-
 class CachedProperty:
     def __init__(self, func: Callable[[Any], Any]) -> None:
         self.func = func

Tests/oss-fuzz/fuzz_font.py

@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@
 
 
 import atheris
+from atheris.import_hook import instrument_imports
 
-with atheris.instrument_imports():
+with instrument_imports():
     import sys
 
     import fuzzers

Tests/oss-fuzz/fuzz_pillow.py

@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@
 
 
 import atheris
+from atheris.import_hook import instrument_imports
 
-with atheris.instrument_imports():
+with instrument_imports():
     import sys
 
     import fuzzers

Tests/oss-fuzz/python.supp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-   <py3_8_encode_current_locale>
+   <py3_10_encode_current_locale>
    Memcheck:Cond
    ...
    fun:encode_current_locale

Tests/oss-fuzz/test_fuzzers.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import fuzzers
 import packaging
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image, UnidentifiedImageError, features
+from PIL import Image, features
 from Tests.helper import skip_unless_feature
 
 if sys.platform.startswith("win32"):
@@ -32,21 +32,17 @@ def test_fuzz_images(path: str) -> None:
             fuzzers.fuzz_image(f.read())
             assert True
     except (
+        # Known exceptions from Pillow
         OSError,
         SyntaxError,
         MemoryError,
         ValueError,
         NotImplementedError,
         OverflowError,
-    ):
+        # Known Image.* exceptions
-        # Known exceptions that are through from Pillow
-        assert True
-    except (
         Image.DecompressionBombError,
         Image.DecompressionBombWarning,
-        UnidentifiedImageError,
     ):
-        # Known Image.* exceptions
         assert True
     finally:
         fuzzers.disable_decompressionbomb_error()

Tests/test_bmp_reference.py

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ def test_bad() -> None:
     for f in get_files("b"):
         # Assert that there is no unclosed file warning
         with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
             try:
                 with Image.open(f) as im:
                     im.load()

Tests/test_box_blur.py

@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@ def test_color_modes() -> None:
         box_blur(sample.convert("YCbCr"))
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("size", ((0, 1), (1, 0)))
+def test_zero_dimension(size: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
+    assert box_blur(Image.new("L", size)).size == size
+
+
 def test_radius_0() -> None:
     assert_blur(
         sample,

Tests/test_color_lut.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ except ImportError:
 class TestColorLut3DCoreAPI:
     def generate_identity_table(
         self, channels: int, size: int | tuple[int, int, int]
-    ) -> tuple[int, int, int, int, list[float]]:
+    ) -> tuple[int, tuple[int, int, int], list[float]]:
         if isinstance(size, tuple):
             size_1d, size_2d, size_3d = size
         else:
@@ -39,9 +39,7 @@ class TestColorLut3DCoreAPI:
         ]
         return (
             channels,
-            size_1d,
+            (size_1d, size_2d, size_3d),
-            size_2d,
-            size_3d,
             [item for sublist in table for item in sublist],
         )
 
@@ -89,107 +87,81 @@ class TestColorLut3DCoreAPI:
 
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"size1D \* size2D \* size3D"):
             im.im.color_lut_3d(
-                "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, 2, 2, 2, [0, 0, 0] * 7
+                "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, (2, 2, 2), [0, 0, 0] * 7
             )
 
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"size1D \* size2D \* size3D"):
             im.im.color_lut_3d(
-                "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, 2, 2, 2, [0, 0, 0] * 9
+                "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, (2, 2, 2), [0, 0, 0] * 9
             )
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
             im.im.color_lut_3d(
-                "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, 2, 2, 2, [0, 0, "0"] * 8
+                "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, (2, 2, 2), [0, 0, "0"] * 8
             )
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            im.im.color_lut_3d("RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, 2, 2, 2, 16)
+            im.im.color_lut_3d("RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 3, (2, 2, 2), 16)
-
-    def test_correct_args(self) -> None:
-        im = Image.new("RGB", (10, 10), 0)
-
-        im.im.color_lut_3d(
-            "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, *self.generate_identity_table(3, 3)
-        )
-
-        im.im.color_lut_3d(
-            "CMYK", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, *self.generate_identity_table(4, 3)
-        )
-
-        im.im.color_lut_3d(
-            "RGB",
-            Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
-            *self.generate_identity_table(3, (2, 3, 3)),
-        )
-
-        im.im.color_lut_3d(
-            "RGB",
-            Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
-            *self.generate_identity_table(3, (65, 3, 3)),
-        )
-
-        im.im.color_lut_3d(
-            "RGB",
-            Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
-            *self.generate_identity_table(3, (3, 65, 3)),
-        )
-
-        im.im.color_lut_3d(
-            "RGB",
-            Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
-            *self.generate_identity_table(3, (3, 3, 65)),
-        )
-
-    def test_wrong_mode(self) -> None:
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="wrong mode"):
-            im = Image.new("L", (10, 10), 0)
-            im.im.color_lut_3d(
-                "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, *self.generate_identity_table(3, 3)
-            )
-
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="wrong mode"):
-            im = Image.new("RGB", (10, 10), 0)
-            im.im.color_lut_3d(
-                "L", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, *self.generate_identity_table(3, 3)
-            )
-
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="wrong mode"):
-            im = Image.new("L", (10, 10), 0)
-            im.im.color_lut_3d(
-                "L", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, *self.generate_identity_table(3, 3)
-            )
-
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="wrong mode"):
-            im = Image.new("RGB", (10, 10), 0)
-            im.im.color_lut_3d(
-                "RGBA", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, *self.generate_identity_table(3, 3)
-            )
-
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="wrong mode"):
-            im = Image.new("RGB", (10, 10), 0)
-            im.im.color_lut_3d(
-                "RGB", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, *self.generate_identity_table(4, 3)
-            )
-
-    def test_correct_mode(self) -> None:
-        im = Image.new("RGBA", (10, 10), 0)
-        im.im.color_lut_3d(
-            "RGBA", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, *self.generate_identity_table(3, 3)
-        )
-
-        im = Image.new("RGBA", (10, 10), 0)
-        im.im.color_lut_3d(
-            "RGBA", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, *self.generate_identity_table(4, 3)
-        )
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "lut_mode, table_channels, table_size",
+        [
+            ("RGB", 3, 3),
+            ("CMYK", 4, 3),
+            ("RGB", 3, (2, 3, 3)),
+            ("RGB", 3, (65, 3, 3)),
+            ("RGB", 3, (3, 65, 3)),
+            ("RGB", 3, (2, 3, 65)),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_correct_args(
+        self, lut_mode: str, table_channels: int, table_size: int | tuple[int, int, int]
+    ) -> None:
         im = Image.new("RGB", (10, 10), 0)
         im.im.color_lut_3d(
-            "HSV", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, *self.generate_identity_table(3, 3)
+            lut_mode,
+            Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
+            *self.generate_identity_table(table_channels, table_size),
         )
 
-        im = Image.new("RGB", (10, 10), 0)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "image_mode, lut_mode, table_channels, table_size",
+        [
+            ("L", "RGB", 3, 3),
+            ("RGB", "L", 3, 3),
+            ("L", "L", 3, 3),
+            ("RGB", "RGBA", 3, 3),
+            ("RGB", "RGB", 4, 3),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_wrong_mode(
+        self, image_mode: str, lut_mode: str, table_channels: int, table_size: int
+    ) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="wrong mode"):
+            im = Image.new(image_mode, (10, 10), 0)
+            im.im.color_lut_3d(
+                lut_mode,
+                Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
+                *self.generate_identity_table(table_channels, table_size),
+            )
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "image_mode, lut_mode, table_channels, table_size",
+        [
+            ("RGBA", "RGBA", 3, 3),
+            ("RGBA", "RGBA", 4, 3),
+            ("RGB", "HSV", 3, 3),
+            ("RGB", "RGBA", 4, 3),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_correct_mode(
+        self, image_mode: str, lut_mode: str, table_channels: int, table_size: int
+    ) -> None:
+        im = Image.new(image_mode, (10, 10), 0)
         im.im.color_lut_3d(
-            "RGBA", Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, *self.generate_identity_table(4, 3)
+            lut_mode,
+            Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
+            *self.generate_identity_table(table_channels, table_size),
         )
 
     def test_identities(self) -> None:
@@ -290,7 +262,7 @@ class TestColorLut3DCoreAPI:
         assert_image_equal(
             Image.merge('RGB', im.split()[::-1]),
             im._new(im.im.color_lut_3d('RGB', Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
-                    3, 2, 2, 2, [
+                    3, (2, 2, 2), [
                         0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 1,
                         0, 1, 0,  0, 1, 1,
 
@@ -312,7 +284,7 @@ class TestColorLut3DCoreAPI:
 
         # fmt: off
         transformed = im._new(im.im.color_lut_3d('RGB', Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
-                              3, 2, 2, 2,
+                              3, (2, 2, 2),
                               [
                                   -1, -1, -1,   2, -1, -1,
                                   -1,  2, -1,   2,  2, -1,
@@ -333,7 +305,7 @@ class TestColorLut3DCoreAPI:
 
         # fmt: off
         transformed = im._new(im.im.color_lut_3d('RGB', Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
-                              3, 2, 2, 2,
+                              3, (2, 2, 2),
                               [
                                   -3, -3, -3,   5, -3, -3,
                                   -3,  5, -3,   5,  5, -3,
@@ -414,10 +386,12 @@ class TestColorLut3DFilter:
 
         table = numpy.ones((7 * 6 * 5, 3), dtype=numpy.float16)
         lut = ImageFilter.Color3DLUT((5, 6, 7), table)
+        assert isinstance(lut.table, numpy.ndarray)
         assert lut.table.shape == (table.size,)
 
         table = numpy.ones((7 * 6 * 5 * 3), dtype=numpy.float16)
         lut = ImageFilter.Color3DLUT((5, 6, 7), table)
+        assert isinstance(lut.table, numpy.ndarray)
         assert lut.table.shape == (table.size,)
 
         # Check application

Tests/test_decompression_bomb.py

@@ -12,19 +12,16 @@ ORIGINAL_LIMIT = Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS
 
 
 class TestDecompressionBomb:
-    def teardown_method(self) -> None:
-        Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = ORIGINAL_LIMIT
-
     def test_no_warning_small_file(self) -> None:
         # Implicit assert: no warning.
         # A warning would cause a failure.
         with Image.open(TEST_FILE):
             pass
 
-    def test_no_warning_no_limit(self) -> None:
+    def test_no_warning_no_limit(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         # Arrange
         # Turn limit off
-        Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = None
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Image, "MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS", None)
         assert Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS is None
 
         # Act / Assert
@@ -33,18 +30,18 @@ class TestDecompressionBomb:
         with Image.open(TEST_FILE):
             pass
 
-    def test_warning(self) -> None:
+    def test_warning(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         # Set limit to trigger warning on the test file
-        Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = 128 * 128 - 1
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Image, "MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS", 128 * 128 - 1)
         assert Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS == 128 * 128 - 1
 
         with pytest.warns(Image.DecompressionBombWarning):
             with Image.open(TEST_FILE):
                 pass
 
-    def test_exception(self) -> None:
+    def test_exception(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         # Set limit to trigger exception on the test file
-        Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = 64 * 128 - 1
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Image, "MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS", 64 * 128 - 1)
         assert Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS == 64 * 128 - 1
 
         with pytest.raises(Image.DecompressionBombError):
@@ -66,9 +63,9 @@ class TestDecompressionBomb:
             with pytest.raises(Image.DecompressionBombError):
                 im.seek(1)
 
-    def test_exception_gif_zero_width(self) -> None:
+    def test_exception_gif_zero_width(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         # Set limit to trigger exception on the test file
-        Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = 4 * 64 * 128
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Image, "MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS", 4 * 64 * 128)
         assert Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS == 4 * 64 * 128
 
         with pytest.raises(Image.DecompressionBombError):

Tests/test_features.py

@@ -10,11 +10,6 @@ from PIL import features
 
 from .helper import skip_unless_feature
 
-try:
-    from PIL import _webp
-except ImportError:
-    pass
-
 
 def test_check() -> None:
     # Check the correctness of the convenience function
@@ -23,7 +18,11 @@ def test_check() -> None:
     for codec in features.codecs:
         assert features.check_codec(codec) == features.check(codec)
     for feature in features.features:
-        assert features.check_feature(feature) == features.check(feature)
+        if "webp" in feature:
+            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                assert features.check_feature(feature) == features.check(feature)
+        else:
+            assert features.check_feature(feature) == features.check(feature)
 
 
 def test_version() -> None:
@@ -37,10 +36,11 @@ def test_version() -> None:
         else:
             assert function(name) == version
             if name != "PIL":
-                if name == "zlib" and version is not None:
+                if version is not None:
-                    version = re.sub(".zlib-ng$", "", version)
+                    if name == "zlib" and features.check_feature("zlib_ng"):
-                elif name == "libtiff" and version is not None:
+                        version = re.sub(".zlib-ng$", "", version)
-                    version = re.sub("t$", "", version)
+                    elif name == "libtiff":
+                        version = re.sub("t$", "", version)
                 assert version is None or re.search(r"\d+(\.\d+)*$", version)
 
     for module in features.modules:
@@ -48,23 +48,26 @@ def test_version() -> None:
     for codec in features.codecs:
         test(codec, features.version_codec)
     for feature in features.features:
-        test(feature, features.version_feature)
+        if "webp" in feature:
+            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                test(feature, features.version_feature)
+        else:
+            test(feature, features.version_feature)
 
 
-@skip_unless_feature("webp")
 def test_webp_transparency() -> None:
-    assert features.check("transp_webp") != _webp.WebPDecoderBuggyAlpha()
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-    assert features.check("transp_webp") == _webp.HAVE_TRANSPARENCY
+        assert (features.check("transp_webp") or False) == features.check_module("webp")
 
 
-@skip_unless_feature("webp")
 def test_webp_mux() -> None:
-    assert features.check("webp_mux") == _webp.HAVE_WEBPMUX
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+        assert (features.check("webp_mux") or False) == features.check_module("webp")
 
 
-@skip_unless_feature("webp")
 def test_webp_anim() -> None:
-    assert features.check("webp_anim") == _webp.HAVE_WEBPANIM
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+        assert (features.check("webp_anim") or False) == features.check_module("webp")
 
 
 @skip_unless_feature("libjpeg_turbo")

Tests/test_file_apng.py

@@ -258,8 +258,8 @@ def test_apng_mode() -> None:
         assert im.mode == "P"
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         im = im.convert("RGBA")
-        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (255, 0, 0, 0)
+        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
-        assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (255, 0, 0, 0)
+        assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/mode_palette_1bit_alpha.png") as im:
         assert im.mode == "P"
@@ -307,13 +307,8 @@ def test_apng_syntax_errors() -> None:
             im.load()
 
     # we can handle this case gracefully
-    exception = None
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_low.png") as im:
-        try:
+        im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
-            im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
-        except Exception as e:
-            exception = e
-        assert exception is None
 
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_high.png") as im:
@@ -405,13 +400,8 @@ def test_apng_save_split_fdat(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             append_images=frames,
         )
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
-        exception = None
+        im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
-        try:
+        im.load()
-            im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
-            im.load()
-        except Exception as e:
-            exception = e
-        assert exception is None
 
 
 def test_apng_save_duration_loop(tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_blp.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image
+from PIL import BlpImagePlugin, Image
 
 from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal,
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ def test_load_blp1() -> None:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/blp/blp1_jpeg.png")
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp1_jpeg2.blp") as im:
+        assert im.mode == "RGBA"
         im.load()
 
 
@@ -37,6 +38,13 @@ def test_load_blp2_dxt1a() -> None:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/blp/blp2_dxt1a.png")
 
 
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
+    invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
+
+    with pytest.raises(BlpImagePlugin.BLPFormatError):
+        BlpImagePlugin.BlpImageFile(invalid_file)
+
+
 def test_save(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     f = str(tmp_path / "temp.blp")
 

Tests/test_file_bufrstub.py

@@ -83,4 +83,4 @@ def test_handler(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im.save(temp_file)
         assert handler.saved
 
-    BufrStubImagePlugin._handler = None
+    BufrStubImagePlugin.register_handler(None)

Tests/test_file_container.py

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ import pytest
 
 from PIL import ContainerIO, Image
 
-from .helper import hopper
-
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/dummy.container"
 
 
@@ -15,15 +13,15 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 
 def test_isatty() -> None:
-    with hopper() as im:
+    with open(TEST_FILE, "rb") as fh:
-        container = ContainerIO.ContainerIO(im, 0, 0)
+        container = ContainerIO.ContainerIO(fh, 0, 0)
 
     assert container.isatty() is False
 
 
 def test_seekable() -> None:
-    with hopper() as im:
+    with open(TEST_FILE, "rb") as fh:
-        container = ContainerIO.ContainerIO(im, 0, 0)
+        container = ContainerIO.ContainerIO(fh, 0, 0)
 
     assert container.seekable() is True
 

Tests/test_file_dcx.py

@@ -26,16 +26,18 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
 def test_unclosed_file() -> None:
-    def open() -> None:
+    def open_test_image() -> None:
         im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
         im.load()
 
     with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):
-        open()
+        open_test_image()
 
 
 def test_closed_file() -> None:
     with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
         im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
         im.load()
         im.close()
@@ -43,6 +45,8 @@ def test_closed_file() -> None:
 
 def test_context_manager() -> None:
     with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
         with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             im.load()
 

Tests/test_file_dds.py

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ def test_sanity_ati2_bc5u(image_path: str) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("image_path", "expected_path"),
+    "image_path, expected_path",
     (
         # hexeditted to be typeless
         (TEST_FILE_DX10_BC5_TYPELESS, TEST_FILE_DX10_BC5_UNORM),
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ def test_dx10_r8g8b8a8_unorm_srgb() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("mode", "size", "test_file"),
+    "mode, size, test_file",
     [
         ("L", (128, 128), TEST_FILE_UNCOMPRESSED_L),
         ("LA", (128, 128), TEST_FILE_UNCOMPRESSED_L_WITH_ALPHA),
@@ -331,11 +331,13 @@ def test_dxt5_colorblock_alpha_issue_4142() -> None:
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/dxt5-colorblock-alpha-issue-4142.dds") as im:
         px = im.getpixel((0, 0))
+        assert isinstance(px, tuple)
         assert px[0] != 0
         assert px[1] != 0
         assert px[2] != 0
 
         px = im.getpixel((1, 0))
+        assert isinstance(px, tuple)
         assert px[0] != 0
         assert px[1] != 0
         assert px[2] != 0
@@ -373,7 +375,7 @@ def test_save_unsupported_mode(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("mode", "test_file"),
+    "mode, test_file",
     [
         ("L", "Tests/images/linear_gradient.png"),
         ("LA", "Tests/images/uncompressed_la.png"),

Tests/test_file_eps.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import pytest
 from PIL import EpsImagePlugin, Image, UnidentifiedImageError, features
 
 from .helper import (
+    assert_image_equal_tofile,
     assert_image_similar,
     assert_image_similar_tofile,
     hopper,
@@ -19,18 +20,18 @@ from .helper import (
 HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT = EpsImagePlugin.has_ghostscript()
 
 # Our two EPS test files (they are identical except for their bounding boxes)
-FILE1 = "Tests/images/zero_bb.eps"
+FILE1 = "Tests/images/eps/zero_bb.eps"
-FILE2 = "Tests/images/non_zero_bb.eps"
+FILE2 = "Tests/images/eps/non_zero_bb.eps"
 
 # Due to palletization, we'll need to convert these to RGB after load
-FILE1_COMPARE = "Tests/images/zero_bb.png"
+FILE1_COMPARE = "Tests/images/eps/zero_bb.png"
-FILE1_COMPARE_SCALE2 = "Tests/images/zero_bb_scale2.png"
+FILE1_COMPARE_SCALE2 = "Tests/images/eps/zero_bb_scale2.png"
 
-FILE2_COMPARE = "Tests/images/non_zero_bb.png"
+FILE2_COMPARE = "Tests/images/eps/non_zero_bb.png"
-FILE2_COMPARE_SCALE2 = "Tests/images/non_zero_bb_scale2.png"
+FILE2_COMPARE_SCALE2 = "Tests/images/eps/non_zero_bb_scale2.png"
 
 # EPS test files with binary preview
-FILE3 = "Tests/images/binary_preview_map.eps"
+FILE3 = "Tests/images/eps/binary_preview_map.eps"
 
 # Three unsigned 32bit little-endian values:
 #   0xC6D3D0C5 magic number
@@ -80,9 +81,7 @@ simple_eps_file_with_long_binary_data = (
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("filename, size", ((FILE1, (460, 352)), (FILE2, (360, 252))))
-    ("filename", "size"), ((FILE1, (460, 352)), (FILE2, (360, 252)))
-)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("scale", (1, 2))
 def test_sanity(filename: str, size: tuple[int, int], scale: int) -> None:
     expected_size = tuple(s * scale for s in size)
@@ -96,10 +95,14 @@ def test_sanity(filename: str, size: tuple[int, int], scale: int) -> None:
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")
 def test_load() -> None:
     with Image.open(FILE1) as im:
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == (255, 255, 255)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == (255, 255, 255)
 
         # Test again now that it has already been loaded once
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == (255, 255, 255)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == (255, 255, 255)
 
 
 def test_binary() -> None:
@@ -128,6 +131,15 @@ def test_binary_header_only() -> None:
         EpsImagePlugin.EpsImageFile(data)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("prefix", (b"", simple_binary_header))
+def test_simple_eps_file(prefix: bytes) -> None:
+    data = io.BytesIO(prefix + b"\n".join(simple_eps_file))
+    with Image.open(data) as img:
+        assert img.mode == "RGB"
+        assert img.size == (100, 100)
+        assert img.format == "EPS"
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("prefix", (b"", simple_binary_header))
 def test_missing_version_comment(prefix: bytes) -> None:
     data = io.BytesIO(prefix + b"\n".join(simple_eps_file_without_version))
@@ -143,23 +155,21 @@ def test_missing_boundingbox_comment(prefix: bytes) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("prefix", (b"", simple_binary_header))
-def test_invalid_boundingbox_comment(prefix: bytes) -> None:
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    data = io.BytesIO(prefix + b"\n".join(simple_eps_file_with_invalid_boundingbox))
+    "file_lines",
+    (
+        simple_eps_file_with_invalid_boundingbox,
+        simple_eps_file_with_invalid_boundingbox_valid_imagedata,
+    ),
+)
+def test_invalid_boundingbox_comment(
+    prefix: bytes, file_lines: tuple[bytes, ...]
+) -> None:
+    data = io.BytesIO(prefix + b"\n".join(file_lines))
     with pytest.raises(OSError, match="cannot determine EPS bounding box"):
         EpsImagePlugin.EpsImageFile(data)
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("prefix", (b"", simple_binary_header))
-def test_invalid_boundingbox_comment_valid_imagedata_comment(prefix: bytes) -> None:
-    data = io.BytesIO(
-        prefix + b"\n".join(simple_eps_file_with_invalid_boundingbox_valid_imagedata)
-    )
-    with Image.open(data) as img:
-        assert img.mode == "RGB"
-        assert img.size == (100, 100)
-        assert img.format == "EPS"
-
-
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("prefix", (b"", simple_binary_header))
 def test_ascii_comment_too_long(prefix: bytes) -> None:
     data = io.BytesIO(prefix + b"\n".join(simple_eps_file_with_long_ascii_comment))
@@ -179,7 +189,7 @@ def test_load_long_binary_data(prefix: bytes) -> None:
     data = io.BytesIO(prefix + b"\n".join(simple_eps_file_with_long_binary_data))
     with Image.open(data) as img:
         img.load()
-        assert img.mode == "RGB"
+        assert img.mode == "1"
         assert img.size == (100, 100)
         assert img.format == "EPS"
 
@@ -189,7 +199,7 @@ def test_load_long_binary_data(prefix: bytes) -> None:
 )
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")
 def test_cmyk() -> None:
-    with Image.open("Tests/images/pil_sample_cmyk.eps") as cmyk_image:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/eps/pil_sample_cmyk.eps") as cmyk_image:
         assert cmyk_image.mode == "CMYK"
         assert cmyk_image.size == (100, 100)
         assert cmyk_image.format == "EPS"
@@ -206,8 +216,8 @@ def test_cmyk() -> None:
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")
 def test_showpage() -> None:
     # See https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/2615
-    with Image.open("Tests/images/reqd_showpage.eps") as plot_image:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/eps/reqd_showpage.eps") as plot_image:
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/reqd_showpage.png") as target:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/eps/reqd_showpage.png") as target:
             # should not crash/hang
             plot_image.load()
             # fonts could be slightly different
@@ -216,11 +226,11 @@ def test_showpage() -> None:
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")
 def test_transparency() -> None:
-    with Image.open("Tests/images/reqd_showpage.eps") as plot_image:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/eps/reqd_showpage.eps") as plot_image:
         plot_image.load(transparency=True)
         assert plot_image.mode == "RGBA"
 
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/reqd_showpage_transparency.png") as target:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/eps/reqd_showpage_transparency.png") as target:
             # fonts could be slightly different
             assert_image_similar(plot_image, target, 6)
 
@@ -247,9 +257,19 @@ def test_bytesio_object() -> None:
         assert_image_similar(img, image1_scale1_compare, 5)
 
 
-def test_1_mode() -> None:
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")
-    with Image.open("Tests/images/1.eps") as im:
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-        assert im.mode == "1"
+    # These images have an "ImageData" descriptor.
+    "filename",
+    (
+        "Tests/images/eps/1.eps",
+        "Tests/images/eps/1_boundingbox_after_imagedata.eps",
+        "Tests/images/eps/1_second_imagedata.eps",
+    ),
+)
+def test_1(filename: str) -> None:
+    with Image.open(filename) as im:
+        assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/eps/1.bmp")
 
 
 def test_image_mode_not_supported(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -304,7 +324,9 @@ def test_render_scale2() -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("filename", (FILE1, FILE2, "Tests/images/illu10_preview.eps"))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "filename", (FILE1, FILE2, "Tests/images/eps/illu10_preview.eps")
+)
 def test_resize(filename: str) -> None:
     with Image.open(filename) as im:
         new_size = (100, 100)
@@ -346,10 +368,10 @@ def test_readline(prefix: bytes, line_ending: bytes) -> None:
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "filename",
     (
-        "Tests/images/illu10_no_preview.eps",
+        "Tests/images/eps/illu10_no_preview.eps",
-        "Tests/images/illu10_preview.eps",
+        "Tests/images/eps/illu10_preview.eps",
-        "Tests/images/illuCS6_no_preview.eps",
+        "Tests/images/eps/illuCS6_no_preview.eps",
-        "Tests/images/illuCS6_preview.eps",
+        "Tests/images/eps/illuCS6_preview.eps",
     ),
 )
 def test_open_eps(filename: str) -> None:
@@ -361,7 +383,7 @@ def test_open_eps(filename: str) -> None:
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")
 def test_emptyline() -> None:
     # Test file includes an empty line in the header data
-    emptyline_file = "Tests/images/zero_bb_emptyline.eps"
+    emptyline_file = "Tests/images/eps/zero_bb_emptyline.eps"
 
     with Image.open(emptyline_file) as image:
         image.load()
@@ -373,7 +395,7 @@ def test_emptyline() -> None:
 @pytest.mark.timeout(timeout=5)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "test_file",
-    ["Tests/images/timeout-d675703545fee17acab56e5fec644c19979175de.eps"],
+    ["Tests/images/eps/timeout-d675703545fee17acab56e5fec644c19979175de.eps"],
 )
 def test_timeout(test_file: str) -> None:
     with open(test_file, "rb") as f:
@@ -386,7 +408,7 @@ def test_bounding_box_in_trailer() -> None:
     # Check bounding boxes are parsed in the same way
     # when specified in the header and the trailer
     with (
-        Image.open("Tests/images/zero_bb_trailer.eps") as trailer_image,
+        Image.open("Tests/images/eps/zero_bb_trailer.eps") as trailer_image,
         Image.open(FILE1) as header_image,
     ):
         assert trailer_image.size == header_image.size
@@ -394,12 +416,12 @@ def test_bounding_box_in_trailer() -> None:
 
 def test_eof_before_bounding_box() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/zero_bb_eof_before_boundingbox.eps"):
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/eps/zero_bb_eof_before_boundingbox.eps"):
             pass
 
 
 def test_invalid_data_after_eof() -> None:
-    with open("Tests/images/illuCS6_preview.eps", "rb") as f:
+    with open("Tests/images/eps/illuCS6_preview.eps", "rb") as f:
         img_bytes = io.BytesIO(f.read() + b"\r\n%" + (b" " * 255))
 
     with Image.open(img_bytes) as img:

Tests/test_file_fli.py

@@ -35,36 +35,35 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
         assert im.is_animated
 
 
-def test_prefix_chunk() -> None:
+def test_prefix_chunk(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-    ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
-    try:
+    with Image.open(animated_test_file_with_prefix_chunk) as im:
-        with Image.open(animated_test_file_with_prefix_chunk) as im:
+        assert im.mode == "P"
-            assert im.mode == "P"
+        assert im.size == (320, 200)
-            assert im.size == (320, 200)
+        assert im.format == "FLI"
-            assert im.format == "FLI"
+        assert im.info["duration"] == 171
-            assert im.info["duration"] == 171
+        assert im.is_animated
-            assert im.is_animated
 
-            palette = im.getpalette()
+        palette = im.getpalette()
-            assert palette[3:6] == [255, 255, 255]
+        assert palette[3:6] == [255, 255, 255]
-            assert palette[381:384] == [204, 204, 12]
+        assert palette[381:384] == [204, 204, 12]
-            assert palette[765:] == [252, 0, 0]
+        assert palette[765:] == [252, 0, 0]
-    finally:
-        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
 def test_unclosed_file() -> None:
-    def open() -> None:
+    def open_test_image() -> None:
         im = Image.open(static_test_file)
         im.load()
 
     with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):
-        open()
+        open_test_image()
 
 
 def test_closed_file() -> None:
     with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
         im = Image.open(static_test_file)
         im.load()
         im.close()
@@ -81,6 +80,8 @@ def test_seek_after_close() -> None:
 
 def test_context_manager() -> None:
     with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
         with Image.open(static_test_file) as im:
             im.load()
 

Tests/test_file_ftex.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import io
+import struct
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import FtexImagePlugin, Image
@@ -23,3 +26,15 @@ def test_invalid_file() -> None:
 
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
         FtexImagePlugin.FtexImageFile(invalid_file)
+
+
+def test_invalid_texture() -> None:
+    with open("Tests/images/ftex_dxt1.ftc", "rb") as fp:
+        data = fp.read()
+
+    # Change texture compression format
+    data = data[:24] + struct.pack("<i", 2) + data[28:]
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid texture compression format: 2"):
+        with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)):
+            pass

Tests/test_file_gbr.py

@@ -14,10 +14,14 @@ def test_gbr_file() -> None:
 
 def test_load() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/gbr.gbr") as im:
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
         # Test again now that it has already been loaded once
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
 
 def test_multiple_load_operations() -> None:

Tests/test_file_gd.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import pytest
 
 from PIL import GdImageFile, UnidentifiedImageError
 
+from .helper import assert_image_similar_tofile
+
 TEST_GD_FILE = "Tests/images/hopper.gd"
 
 
@@ -11,6 +13,7 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
     with GdImageFile.open(TEST_GD_FILE) as im:
         assert im.size == (128, 128)
         assert im.format == "GD"
+        assert_image_similar_tofile(im.convert("RGB"), "Tests/images/hopper.jpg", 14)
 
 
 def test_bad_mode() -> None:

Tests/test_file_gif.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import warnings
 from collections.abc import Generator
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -21,9 +22,6 @@ from .helper import (
 # sample gif stream
 TEST_GIF = "Tests/images/hopper.gif"
 
-with open(TEST_GIF, "rb") as f:
-    data = f.read()
-
 
 def test_sanity() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as im:
@@ -36,16 +34,18 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
 def test_unclosed_file() -> None:
-    def open() -> None:
+    def open_test_image() -> None:
         im = Image.open(TEST_GIF)
         im.load()
 
     with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):
-        open()
+        open_test_image()
 
 
 def test_closed_file() -> None:
     with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
         im = Image.open(TEST_GIF)
         im.load()
         im.close()
@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ def test_seek_after_close() -> None:
 
 def test_context_manager() -> None:
     with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
         with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as im:
             im.load()
 
@@ -81,12 +83,12 @@ def test_invalid_file() -> None:
 def test_l_mode_transparency() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/no_palette_with_transparency.gif") as im:
         assert im.mode == "L"
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == 128
+        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 128
         assert im.info["transparency"] == 255
 
         im.seek(1)
         assert im.mode == "L"
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == 128
+        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 128
 
 
 def test_l_mode_after_rgb() -> None:
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ def test_palette_not_needed_for_second_frame() -> None:
         assert_image_similar(im, hopper("L").convert("RGB"), 8)
 
 
-def test_strategy() -> None:
+def test_strategy(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
         expected_rgb_always = im.convert("RGB")
 
@@ -114,35 +116,36 @@ def test_strategy() -> None:
         im.seek(1)
         expected_different = im.convert("RGB")
 
-    try:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_ALWAYS
+        GifImagePlugin, "LOADING_STRATEGY", GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_ALWAYS
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
+    )
-            assert im.mode == "RGB"
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
-            assert_image_equal(im, expected_rgb_always)
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"
+        assert_image_equal(im, expected_rgb_always)
 
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
-            assert im.mode == "RGBA"
+        assert im.mode == "RGBA"
-            assert_image_equal(im, expected_rgb_always_rgba)
+        assert_image_equal(im, expected_rgb_always_rgba)
 
-        GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = (
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
-            GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_DIFFERENT_PALETTE_ONLY
+        GifImagePlugin,
-        )
+        "LOADING_STRATEGY",
-        # Stay in P mode with only a global palette
+        GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_DIFFERENT_PALETTE_ONLY,
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
+    )
-            assert im.mode == "P"
+    # Stay in P mode with only a global palette
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
+        assert im.mode == "P"
 
-            im.seek(1)
+        im.seek(1)
-            assert im.mode == "P"
+        assert im.mode == "P"
-            assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), expected_different)
+        assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), expected_different)
 
-        # Change to RGB mode when a frame has an individual palette
+    # Change to RGB mode when a frame has an individual palette
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
-            assert im.mode == "P"
+        assert im.mode == "P"
 
-            im.seek(1)
+        im.seek(1)
-            assert im.mode == "RGB"
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"
-    finally:
-        GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_FIRST
 
 
 def test_optimize() -> None:
@@ -304,8 +307,9 @@ def test_roundtrip_save_all_1(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 def test_loading_multiple_palettes(path: str, mode: str) -> None:
     with Image.open(path) as im:
         assert im.mode == "P"
+        assert im.palette is not None
         first_frame_colors = im.palette.colors.keys()
-        original_color = im.convert("RGB").load()[0, 0]
+        original_color = im.convert("RGB").getpixel((0, 0))
 
         im.seek(1)
         assert im.mode == mode
@@ -313,10 +317,10 @@ def test_loading_multiple_palettes(path: str, mode: str) -> None:
             im = im.convert("RGB")
 
         # Check a color only from the old palette
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == original_color
+        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == original_color
 
         # Check a color from the new palette
-        assert im.load()[24, 24] not in first_frame_colors
+        assert im.getpixel((24, 24)) not in first_frame_colors
 
 
 def test_headers_saving_for_animated_gifs(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -482,8 +486,7 @@ def test_eoferror() -> None:
 
 def test_first_frame_transparency() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/first_frame_transparency.gif") as im:
-        px = im.load()
+        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == im.info["transparency"]
-        assert px[0, 0] == im.info["transparency"]
 
 
 def test_dispose_none() -> None:
@@ -523,6 +526,7 @@ def test_dispose_background_transparency() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/dispose_bgnd_transparency.gif") as img:
         img.seek(2)
         px = img.load()
+        assert px is not None
         assert px[35, 30][3] == 0
 
 
@@ -550,17 +554,15 @@ def test_dispose_background_transparency() -> None:
 def test_transparent_dispose(
     loading_strategy: GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy,
     expected_colors: tuple[tuple[int | tuple[int, int, int, int], ...]],
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
 ) -> None:
-    GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = loading_strategy
+    monkeypatch.setattr(GifImagePlugin, "LOADING_STRATEGY", loading_strategy)
-    try:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/transparent_dispose.gif") as img:
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/transparent_dispose.gif") as img:
+        for frame in range(3):
-            for frame in range(3):
+            img.seek(frame)
-                img.seek(frame)
+            for x in range(3):
-                for x in range(3):
+                color = img.getpixel((x, 0))
-                    color = img.getpixel((x, 0))
+                assert color == expected_colors[frame][x]
-                    assert color == expected_colors[frame][x]
-    finally:
-        GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_FIRST
 
 
 def test_dispose_previous() -> None:
@@ -759,6 +761,21 @@ def test_dispose2_previous_frame(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 0, 255)
 
 
+def test_dispose2_without_transparency(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
+
+    im = Image.new("P", (100, 100))
+
+    im2 = Image.new("P", (100, 100), (0, 0, 0))
+    im2.putpixel((50, 50), (255, 0, 0))
+
+    im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=[im2], disposal=2)
+
+    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        reloaded.seek(1)
+        assert reloaded.tile[0].extents == (0, 0, 100, 100)
+
+
 def test_transparency_in_second_frame(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
     with Image.open("Tests/images/different_transparency.gif") as im:
@@ -978,7 +995,7 @@ def test_webp_background(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
 
     # Test opaque WebP background
-    if features.check("webp") and features.check("webp_anim"):
+    if features.check("webp"):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.webp") as im:
             assert im.info["background"] == (255, 255, 255, 255)
             im.save(out)
@@ -1308,6 +1325,7 @@ def test_palette_save_all_P(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     with Image.open(out) as im:
         # Assert that the frames are correct, and each frame has the same palette
         assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), frames[0].convert("RGB"))
+        assert im.palette is not None
         assert im.palette.palette == im.global_palette.palette
 
         im.seek(1)
@@ -1342,32 +1360,30 @@ def test_save_I(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert_image_equal(reloaded.convert("L"), im.convert("L"))
 
 
-def test_getdata() -> None:
+def test_getdata(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     # Test getheader/getdata against legacy values.
     # Create a 'P' image with holes in the palette.
-    im = Image._wedge().resize((16, 16), Image.Resampling.NEAREST)
+    im = Image.linear_gradient(mode="L").resize((16, 16), Image.Resampling.NEAREST)
     im.putpalette(ImagePalette.ImagePalette("RGB"))
     im.info = {"background": 0}
 
     passed_palette = bytes(255 - i // 3 for i in range(768))
 
-    GifImagePlugin._FORCE_OPTIMIZE = True
+    monkeypatch.setattr(GifImagePlugin, "_FORCE_OPTIMIZE", True)
-    try:
-        h = GifImagePlugin.getheader(im, passed_palette)
-        d = GifImagePlugin.getdata(im)
 
-        import pickle
+    h = GifImagePlugin.getheader(im, passed_palette)
+    d = GifImagePlugin.getdata(im)
 
-        # Enable to get target values on pre-refactor version
+    import pickle
-        # with open('Tests/images/gif_header_data.pkl', 'wb') as f:
-        #    pickle.dump((h, d), f, 1)
-        with open("Tests/images/gif_header_data.pkl", "rb") as f:
-            (h_target, d_target) = pickle.load(f)
 
-        assert h == h_target
+    # Enable to get target values on pre-refactor version
-        assert d == d_target
+    # with open('Tests/images/gif_header_data.pkl', 'wb') as f:
-    finally:
+    #    pickle.dump((h, d), f, 1)
-        GifImagePlugin._FORCE_OPTIMIZE = False
+    with open("Tests/images/gif_header_data.pkl", "rb") as f:
+        (h_target, d_target) = pickle.load(f)
+
+    assert h == h_target
+    assert d == d_target
 
 
 def test_lzw_bits() -> None:
@@ -1378,8 +1394,27 @@ def test_lzw_bits() -> None:
         im.load()
 
 
-def test_extents() -> None:
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    with Image.open("Tests/images/test_extents.gif") as im:
+    "test_file, loading_strategy",
+    (
+        ("test_extents.gif", GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_FIRST),
+        (
+            "test_extents.gif",
+            GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_DIFFERENT_PALETTE_ONLY,
+        ),
+        (
+            "test_extents_transparency.gif",
+            GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_FIRST,
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+def test_extents(
+    test_file: str,
+    loading_strategy: GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(GifImagePlugin, "LOADING_STRATEGY", loading_strategy)
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/" + test_file) as im:
         assert im.size == (100, 100)
 
         # Check that n_frames does not change the size
@@ -1389,6 +1424,9 @@ def test_extents() -> None:
         im.seek(1)
         assert im.size == (150, 150)
 
+        im.load()
+        assert im.im.size == (150, 150)
+
 
 def test_missing_background() -> None:
     # The Global Color Table Flag isn't set, so there is no background color index,
@@ -1406,3 +1444,22 @@ def test_saving_rgba(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
         reloaded_rgba = reloaded.convert("RGBA")
         assert reloaded_rgba.load()[0, 0][3] == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("params", ({}, {"disposal": 2, "optimize": False}))
+def test_p_rgba(tmp_path: Path, params: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
+
+    im1 = Image.new("P", (100, 100))
+    d = ImageDraw.Draw(im1)
+    d.ellipse([(40, 40), (60, 60)], fill=1)
+    data = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255] + [0, 0, 0, 0] * 254
+    im1.putpalette(data, "RGBA")
+
+    im2 = Image.new("P", (100, 100))
+    im2.putpalette(data, "RGBA")
+
+    im1.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=[im2], **params)
+
+    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert reloaded.n_frames == 2

Tests/test_file_gribstub.py

@@ -83,4 +83,4 @@ def test_handler(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im.save(temp_file)
         assert handler.saved
 
-    GribStubImagePlugin._handler = None
+    GribStubImagePlugin.register_handler(None)

Tests/test_file_hdf5stub.py

@@ -85,4 +85,4 @@ def test_handler(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im.save(temp_file)
         assert handler.saved
 
-    Hdf5StubImagePlugin._handler = None
+    Hdf5StubImagePlugin.register_handler(None)

Tests/test_file_icns.py

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
         # Assert that there is no unclosed file warning
         with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
             im.load()
 
         assert im.mode == "RGBA"
@@ -30,10 +32,14 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 def test_load() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
         # Test again now that it has already been loaded once
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
 
 def test_save(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -63,8 +69,8 @@ def test_save_append_images(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert_image_similar_tofile(im, temp_file, 1)
 
         with Image.open(temp_file) as reread:
-            reread.size = (16, 16, 2)
+            reread.size = (16, 16)
-            reread.load()
+            reread.load(2)
             assert_image_equal(reread, provided_im)
 
 
@@ -87,14 +93,21 @@ def test_sizes() -> None:
         for w, h, r in im.info["sizes"]:
             wr = w * r
             hr = h * r
-            im.size = (w, h, r)
+            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                im.size = (w, h, r)
             im.load()
             assert im.mode == "RGBA"
             assert im.size == (wr, hr)
 
+            # Test using load() with scale
+            im.size = (w, h)
+            im.load(scale=r)
+            assert im.mode == "RGBA"
+            assert im.size == (wr, hr)
+
         # Check that we cannot load an incorrect size
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            im.size = (1, 1)
+            im.size = (1, 2)
 
 
 def test_older_icon() -> None:
@@ -105,8 +118,8 @@ def test_older_icon() -> None:
             wr = w * r
             hr = h * r
             with Image.open("Tests/images/pillow2.icns") as im2:
-                im2.size = (w, h, r)
+                im2.size = (w, h)
-                im2.load()
+                im2.load(r)
                 assert im2.mode == "RGBA"
                 assert im2.size == (wr, hr)
 
@@ -122,8 +135,8 @@ def test_jp2_icon() -> None:
             wr = w * r
             hr = h * r
             with Image.open("Tests/images/pillow3.icns") as im2:
-                im2.size = (w, h, r)
+                im2.size = (w, h)
-                im2.load()
+                im2.load(r)
                 assert im2.mode == "RGBA"
                 assert im2.size == (wr, hr)
 

Tests/test_file_ico.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import IcoImagePlugin, Image, ImageDraw
+from PIL import IcoImagePlugin, Image, ImageDraw, ImageFile
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_equal_tofile, hopper
 
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 def test_load() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_ICO_FILE) as im:
-        assert im.load()[0, 0] == (1, 1, 9, 255)
+        px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
+        assert px[0, 0] == (1, 1, 9, 255)
 
 
 def test_mask() -> None:
@@ -241,3 +243,25 @@ def test_draw_reloaded(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
     with Image.open(outfile) as im:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/hopper_draw.ico")
+
+
+def test_truncated_mask(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    # 1 bpp
+    with open("Tests/images/hopper_mask.ico", "rb") as fp:
+        data = fp.read()
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
+    data = data[:-3]
+
+    with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
+        assert im.mode == "1"
+
+    # 32 bpp
+    output = io.BytesIO()
+    expected = hopper("RGBA")
+    expected.save(output, "ico", bitmap_format="bmp")
+
+    data = output.getvalue()[:-1]
+
+    with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"

Tests/test_file_im.py

@@ -31,16 +31,18 @@ def test_name_limit(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
 def test_unclosed_file() -> None:
-    def open() -> None:
+    def open_test_image() -> None:
         im = Image.open(TEST_IM)
         im.load()
 
     with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):
-        open()
+        open_test_image()
 
 
 def test_closed_file() -> None:
     with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
         im = Image.open(TEST_IM)
         im.load()
         im.close()
@@ -48,6 +50,8 @@ def test_closed_file() -> None:
 
 def test_context_manager() -> None:
     with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
         with Image.open(TEST_IM) as im:
             im.load()
 

Tests/test_file_iptc.py

@@ -58,10 +58,7 @@ def test_getiptcinfo_fotostation() -> None:
 
     # Assert
     assert iptc is not None
-    for tag in iptc.keys():
+    assert 240 in (tag[0] for tag in iptc.keys()), "FotoStation tag not found"
-        if tag[0] == 240:
-            return
-    pytest.fail("FotoStation tag not found")
 
 
 def test_getiptcinfo_zero_padding() -> None:
@@ -77,6 +74,16 @@ def test_getiptcinfo_zero_padding() -> None:
     assert len(iptc) == 3
 
 
+def test_getiptcinfo_tiff() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.Lab.tif") as im:
+        # Act
+        iptc = IptcImagePlugin.getiptcinfo(im)
+
+    # Assert
+    assert iptc == {(1, 90): b"\x1b%G", (2, 0): b"\xcf\xc0"}
+
+
 def test_getiptcinfo_tiff_none() -> None:
     # Arrange
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.tif") as im:

Tests/test_file_jpeg.py

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             assert k > 0.9
 
     def test_rgb(self) -> None:
-        def getchannels(im: JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+        def getchannels(im: JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile) -> tuple[int, ...]:
             return tuple(v[0] for v in im.layer)
 
         im = hopper()
@@ -206,6 +206,10 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         assert test(100, 200) == (100, 200)
         assert test(0) is None  # square pixels
 
+    def test_dpi_jfif_cm(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/jfif_unit_cm.jpg") as im:
+            assert im.info["dpi"] == (2.54, 5.08)
+
     @mark_if_feature_version(
         pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
     )
@@ -302,7 +306,10 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         assert not im2.info.get("progressive")
         assert im3.info.get("progressive")
 
-        assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
+        if features.check_feature("mozjpeg"):
+            assert_image_similar(im1, im3, 9.39)
+        else:
+            assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
         assert im1_bytes >= im3_bytes
 
     def test_progressive_large_buffer(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -374,7 +381,6 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             assert exif.get_ifd(0x8825) == {}
 
             transposed = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
-        assert transposed is not None
         exif = transposed.getexif()
         assert exif.get_ifd(0x8825) == {}
 
@@ -445,8 +451,12 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
         im2 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progressive=1)
         im3 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progression=1)  # compatibility
-        assert_image_equal(im1, im2)
+        if features.check_feature("mozjpeg"):
-        assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
+            assert_image_similar(im1, im2, 9.39)
+            assert_image_similar(im1, im3, 9.39)
+        else:
+            assert_image_equal(im1, im2)
+            assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
         assert im2.info.get("progressive")
         assert im2.info.get("progression")
         assert im3.info.get("progressive")
@@ -545,12 +555,13 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
     @mark_if_feature_version(
         pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
     )
-    def test_truncated_jpeg_should_read_all_the_data(self) -> None:
+    def test_truncated_jpeg_should_read_all_the_data(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
         filename = "Tests/images/truncated_jpeg.jpg"
-        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+        monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
         with Image.open(filename) as im:
             im.load()
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
             assert im.getbbox() is not None
 
     def test_truncated_jpeg_throws_oserror(self) -> None:
@@ -566,12 +577,12 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
     @mark_if_feature_version(
         pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
     )
-    def test_qtables(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    def test_qtables(self) -> None:
         def _n_qtables_helper(n: int, test_file: str) -> None:
+            b = BytesIO()
             with Image.open(test_file) as im:
-                f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
+                im.save(b, "JPEG", qtables=[[n] * 64] * n)
-                im.save(f, qtables=[[n] * 64] * n)
+            with Image.open(b) as im:
-            with Image.open(f) as im:
                 assert len(im.quantization) == n
                 reloaded = self.roundtrip(im, qtables="keep")
                 assert im.quantization == reloaded.quantization
@@ -875,6 +886,8 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
             out = str(tmp_path / "out.jpg")
             with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
                 im.save(out, exif=exif)
 
         with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
@@ -946,7 +959,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
     def test_jpeg_magic_number(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         size = 4097
-        buffer = BytesIO(b"\xFF" * size)  # Many xFF bytes
+        buffer = BytesIO(b"\xff" * size)  # Many xff bytes
         max_pos = 0
         orig_read = buffer.read
 
@@ -1016,23 +1029,44 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             else:
                 assert im.getxmp() == {"xmpmeta": None}
 
+    def test_save_xmp(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
+        im = hopper()
+        im.save(f, xmp=b"XMP test")
+        with Image.open(f) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.info["xmp"] == b"XMP test"
+
+            # Check that XMP is not saved from image info
+            reloaded.save(f)
+
+        with Image.open(f) as reloaded:
+            assert "xmp" not in reloaded.info
+
+        im.save(f, xmp=b"1" * 65504)
+        with Image.open(f) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.info["xmp"] == b"1" * 65504
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            im.save(f, xmp=b"1" * 65505)
+
     @pytest.mark.timeout(timeout=1)
-    def test_eof(self) -> None:
+    def test_eof(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
         # Even though this decoder never says that it is finished
         # the image should still end when there is no new data
         class InfiniteMockPyDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
-            def decode(self, buffer: bytes) -> tuple[int, int]:
+            def decode(
+                self, buffer: bytes | Image.SupportsArrayInterface
+            ) -> tuple[int, int]:
                 return 0, 0
 
         Image.register_decoder("INFINITE", InfiniteMockPyDecoder)
 
         with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             im.tile = [
-                ("INFINITE", (0, 0, 128, 128), 0, ("RGB", 0, 1)),
+                ImageFile._Tile("INFINITE", (0, 0, 128, 128), 0, ("RGB", 0, 1)),
             ]
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+            monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
             im.load()
-            ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
     def test_separate_tables(self) -> None:
         im = hopper()
@@ -1044,13 +1078,16 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
         # SOI, EOI
         for marker in b"\xff\xd8", b"\xff\xd9":
-            assert marker in data[1] and marker in data[2]
+            assert marker in data[1]
+            assert marker in data[2]
         # DHT, DQT
         for marker in b"\xff\xc4", b"\xff\xdb":
-            assert marker in data[1] and marker not in data[2]
+            assert marker in data[1]
+            assert marker not in data[2]
         # SOF0, SOS, APP0 (JFIF header)
         for marker in b"\xff\xc0", b"\xff\xda", b"\xff\xe0":
-            assert marker not in data[1] and marker in data[2]
+            assert marker not in data[1]
+            assert marker in data[2]
 
         with Image.open(BytesIO(data[0])) as interchange_im:
             with Image.open(BytesIO(data[1] + data[2])) as combined_im:
@@ -1070,6 +1107,13 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
         assert im._repr_jpeg_() is None
 
+    def test_deprecation(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
+            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                assert im.huffman_ac == {}
+            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+                assert im.huffman_dc == {}
+
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not is_win32(), reason="Windows only")
 @skip_unless_feature("jpg")

Tests/test_file_jpeg2k.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
 import re
+from collections.abc import Generator
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
@@ -29,8 +30,16 @@ EXTRA_DIR = "Tests/images/jpeg2000"
 
 pytestmark = skip_unless_feature("jpg_2000")
 
-test_card = Image.open("Tests/images/test-card.png")
+
-test_card.load()
+@pytest.fixture
+def card() -> Generator[ImageFile.ImageFile, None, None]:
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/test-card.png") as im:
+        im.load()
+    try:
+        yield im
+    finally:
+        im.close()
+
 
 # OpenJPEG 2.0.0 outputs this debugging message sometimes; we should
 # ignore it---it doesn't represent a test failure.
@@ -54,6 +63,7 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/test-card-lossless.jp2") as im:
         px = im.load()
+        assert px is not None
         assert px[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0)
         assert im.mode == "RGB"
         assert im.size == (640, 480)
@@ -74,76 +84,76 @@ def test_invalid_file() -> None:
         Jpeg2KImagePlugin.Jpeg2KImageFile(invalid_file)
 
 
-def test_bytesio() -> None:
+def test_bytesio(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
     with open("Tests/images/test-card-lossless.jp2", "rb") as f:
         data = BytesIO(f.read())
     with Image.open(data) as im:
         im.load()
-        assert_image_similar(im, test_card, 1.0e-3)
+        assert_image_similar(im, card, 1.0e-3)
 
 
 # These two test pre-written JPEG 2000 files that were not written with
 # PIL (they were made using Adobe Photoshop)
 
 
-def test_lossless(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def test_lossless(card: ImageFile.ImageFile, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/test-card-lossless.jp2") as im:
         im.load()
         outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp_test-card.png")
         im.save(outfile)
-    assert_image_similar(im, test_card, 1.0e-3)
+    assert_image_similar(im, card, 1.0e-3)
 
 
-def test_lossy_tiled() -> None:
+def test_lossy_tiled(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
-    assert_image_similar_tofile(
+    assert_image_similar_tofile(card, "Tests/images/test-card-lossy-tiled.jp2", 2.0)
-        test_card, "Tests/images/test-card-lossy-tiled.jp2", 2.0
-    )
 
 
-def test_lossless_rt() -> None:
+def test_lossless_rt(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
-    im = roundtrip(test_card)
+    im = roundtrip(card)
-    assert_image_equal(im, test_card)
+    assert_image_equal(im, card)
 
 
-def test_lossy_rt() -> None:
+def test_lossy_rt(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
-    im = roundtrip(test_card, quality_layers=[20])
+    im = roundtrip(card, quality_layers=[20])
-    assert_image_similar(im, test_card, 2.0)
+    assert_image_similar(im, card, 2.0)
 
 
-def test_tiled_rt() -> None:
+def test_tiled_rt(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
-    im = roundtrip(test_card, tile_size=(128, 128))
+    im = roundtrip(card, tile_size=(128, 128))
-    assert_image_equal(im, test_card)
+    assert_image_equal(im, card)
 
 
-def test_tiled_offset_rt() -> None:
+def test_tiled_offset_rt(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
-    im = roundtrip(test_card, tile_size=(128, 128), tile_offset=(0, 0), offset=(32, 32))
+    im = roundtrip(card, tile_size=(128, 128), tile_offset=(0, 0), offset=(32, 32))
-    assert_image_equal(im, test_card)
+    assert_image_equal(im, card)
 
 
-def test_tiled_offset_too_small() -> None:
+def test_tiled_offset_too_small(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        roundtrip(test_card, tile_size=(128, 128), tile_offset=(0, 0), offset=(128, 32))
+        roundtrip(card, tile_size=(128, 128), tile_offset=(0, 0), offset=(128, 32))
 
 
-def test_irreversible_rt() -> None:
+def test_irreversible_rt(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
-    im = roundtrip(test_card, irreversible=True, quality_layers=[20])
+    im = roundtrip(card, irreversible=True, quality_layers=[20])
-    assert_image_similar(im, test_card, 2.0)
+    assert_image_similar(im, card, 2.0)
 
 
-def test_prog_qual_rt() -> None:
+def test_prog_qual_rt(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
-    im = roundtrip(test_card, quality_layers=[60, 40, 20], progression="LRCP")
+    im = roundtrip(card, quality_layers=[60, 40, 20], progression="LRCP")
-    assert_image_similar(im, test_card, 2.0)
+    assert_image_similar(im, card, 2.0)
 
 
-def test_prog_res_rt() -> None:
+def test_prog_res_rt(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
-    im = roundtrip(test_card, num_resolutions=8, progression="RLCP")
+    im = roundtrip(card, num_resolutions=8, progression="RLCP")
-    assert_image_equal(im, test_card)
+    assert_image_equal(im, card)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("num_resolutions", range(2, 6))
-def test_default_num_resolutions(num_resolutions: int) -> None:
+def test_default_num_resolutions(
+    card: ImageFile.ImageFile, num_resolutions: int
+) -> None:
     d = 1 << (num_resolutions - 1)
-    im = test_card.resize((d - 1, d - 1))
+    im = card.resize((d - 1, d - 1))
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
         roundtrip(im, num_resolutions=num_resolutions)
     reloaded = roundtrip(im)
@@ -172,14 +182,20 @@ def test_load_dpi() -> None:
         assert "dpi" not in im.info
 
 
-def test_restricted_icc_profile() -> None:
+def test_restricted_icc_profile(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-    ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
-    try:
+    # JPEG2000 image with a restricted ICC profile and a known colorspace
-        # JPEG2000 image with a restricted ICC profile and a known colorspace
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/balloon_eciRGBv2_aware.jp2") as im:
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/balloon_eciRGBv2_aware.jp2") as im:
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"
-            assert im.mode == "RGB"
+
-    finally:
+
-        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not os.path.exists(EXTRA_DIR), reason="Extra image files not installed"
+)
+def test_unknown_colorspace() -> None:
+    with Image.open(f"{EXTRA_DIR}/file8.jp2") as im:
+        im.load()
+        assert im.mode == "L"
 
 
 def test_header_errors() -> None:
@@ -196,31 +212,31 @@ def test_header_errors() -> None:
             pass
 
 
-def test_layers_type(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def test_layers_type(card: ImageFile.ImageFile, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp_layers.jp2")
     for quality_layers in [[100, 50, 10], (100, 50, 10), None]:
-        test_card.save(outfile, quality_layers=quality_layers)
+        card.save(outfile, quality_layers=quality_layers)
 
     for quality_layers_str in ["quality_layers", ("100", "50", "10")]:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            test_card.save(outfile, quality_layers=quality_layers_str)
+            card.save(outfile, quality_layers=quality_layers_str)
 
 
-def test_layers() -> None:
+def test_layers(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
     out = BytesIO()
-    test_card.save(out, "JPEG2000", quality_layers=[100, 50, 10], progression="LRCP")
+    card.save(out, "JPEG2000", quality_layers=[100, 50, 10], progression="LRCP")
     out.seek(0)
 
     with Image.open(out) as im:
         im.layers = 1
         im.load()
-        assert_image_similar(im, test_card, 13)
+        assert_image_similar(im, card, 13)
 
     out.seek(0)
     with Image.open(out) as im:
         im.layers = 3
         im.load()
-        assert_image_similar(im, test_card, 0.4)
+        assert_image_similar(im, card, 0.4)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -233,27 +249,33 @@ def test_layers() -> None:
         ("foo.jp2", {"no_jp2": True}, 0, b"\xff\x4f"),
         ("foo.j2k", {"no_jp2": False}, 0, b"\xff\x4f"),
         ("foo.jp2", {"no_jp2": False}, 4, b"jP"),
-        ("foo.jp2", {"no_jp2": False}, 4, b"jP"),
+        (None, {"no_jp2": False}, 4, b"jP"),
     ),
 )
-def test_no_jp2(name: str, args: dict[str, bool], offset: int, data: bytes) -> None:
+def test_no_jp2(
+    card: ImageFile.ImageFile,
+    name: str,
+    args: dict[str, bool],
+    offset: int,
+    data: bytes,
+) -> None:
     out = BytesIO()
     if name:
         out.name = name
-    test_card.save(out, "JPEG2000", **args)
+    card.save(out, "JPEG2000", **args)
     out.seek(offset)
     assert out.read(2) == data
 
 
-def test_mct() -> None:
+def test_mct(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
     # Three component
     for val in (0, 1):
         out = BytesIO()
-        test_card.save(out, "JPEG2000", mct=val, no_jp2=True)
+        card.save(out, "JPEG2000", mct=val, no_jp2=True)
 
         assert out.getvalue()[59] == val
         with Image.open(out) as im:
-            assert_image_similar(im, test_card, 1.0e-3)
+            assert_image_similar(im, card, 1.0e-3)
 
     # Single component should have MCT disabled
     for val in (0, 1):
@@ -301,6 +323,18 @@ def test_cmyk() -> None:
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (185, 134, 0, 0)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not os.path.exists(EXTRA_DIR), reason="Extra image files not installed"
+)
+@skip_unless_feature_version("jpg_2000", "2.5.3")
+def test_cmyk_save() -> None:
+    with Image.open(f"{EXTRA_DIR}/issue205.jp2") as jp2:
+        assert jp2.mode == "CMYK"
+
+        im = roundtrip(jp2)
+        assert_image_equal(im, jp2)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("ext", (".j2k", ".jp2"))
 def test_16bit_monochrome_has_correct_mode(ext: str) -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/16bit.cropped" + ext) as im:
@@ -388,13 +422,23 @@ def test_subsampling_decode(name: str) -> None:
 def test_pclr() -> None:
     with Image.open(f"{EXTRA_DIR}/issue104_jpxstream.jp2") as im:
         assert im.mode == "P"
+        assert im.palette is not None
         assert len(im.palette.colors) == 256
         assert im.palette.colors[(255, 255, 255)] == 0
 
+    with Image.open(
+        f"{EXTRA_DIR}/147af3f1083de4393666b7d99b01b58b_signal_sigsegv_130c531_6155_5136.jp2"
+    ) as im:
+        assert im.mode == "P"
+        assert im.palette is not None
+        assert len(im.palette.colors) == 139
+        assert im.palette.colors[(0, 0, 0, 0)] == 0
+
 
 def test_comment() -> None:
-    with Image.open("Tests/images/comment.jp2") as im:
+    for path in ("Tests/images/9bit.j2k", "Tests/images/comment.jp2"):
-        assert im.info["comment"] == b"Created by OpenJPEG version 2.5.0"
+        with Image.open(path) as im:
+            assert im.info["comment"] == b"Created by OpenJPEG version 2.5.0"
 
     # Test an image that is truncated partway through a codestream
     with open("Tests/images/comment.jp2", "rb") as fp:
@@ -403,22 +447,22 @@ def test_comment() -> None:
             pass
 
 
-def test_save_comment() -> None:
+def test_save_comment(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
     for comment in ("Created by Pillow", b"Created by Pillow"):
         out = BytesIO()
-        test_card.save(out, "JPEG2000", comment=comment)
+        card.save(out, "JPEG2000", comment=comment)
 
         with Image.open(out) as im:
             assert im.info["comment"] == b"Created by Pillow"
 
     out = BytesIO()
     long_comment = b" " * 65531
-    test_card.save(out, "JPEG2000", comment=long_comment)
+    card.save(out, "JPEG2000", comment=long_comment)
     with Image.open(out) as im:
         assert im.info["comment"] == long_comment
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        test_card.save(out, "JPEG2000", comment=long_comment + b" ")
+        card.save(out, "JPEG2000", comment=long_comment + b" ")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -441,15 +485,14 @@ def test_crashes(test_file: str) -> None:
 
 
 @skip_unless_feature_version("jpg_2000", "2.4.0")
-def test_plt_marker() -> None:
+def test_plt_marker(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
     # Search the start of the codesteam for PLT
     out = BytesIO()
-    test_card.save(out, "JPEG2000", no_jp2=True, plt=True)
+    card.save(out, "JPEG2000", no_jp2=True, plt=True)
     out.seek(0)
     while True:
         marker = out.read(2)
-        if not marker:
+        assert marker, "End of stream without PLT"
-            pytest.fail("End of stream without PLT")
 
         jp2_boxid = _binary.i16be(marker)
         if jp2_boxid == 0xFF4F:

Tests/test_file_libtiff.py

@@ -36,11 +36,7 @@ class LibTiffTestCase:
         im.load()
         im.getdata()
 
-        try:
+        assert im._compression == "group4"
-            assert im._compression == "group4"
-        except AttributeError:
-            print("No _compression")
-            print(dir(im))
 
         # can we write it back out, in a different form.
         out = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
@@ -313,7 +309,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         }
 
         def check_tags(
-            tiffinfo: TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2 | dict[int, str]
+            tiffinfo: TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2 | dict[int, str],
         ) -> None:
             im = hopper()
 
@@ -1098,6 +1094,27 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
 
                     assert_image_similar(base_im, im, 0.7)
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "test_file",
+        [
+            "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression-no-samplesperpixel.tif",
+            "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.tif",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_buffering(self, test_file: str) -> None:
+        # load exif first
+        with open(test_file, "rb", buffering=1048576) as f:
+            with Image.open(f) as im:
+                exif = dict(im.getexif())
+
+        # load image before exif
+        with open(test_file, "rb", buffering=1048576) as f:
+            with Image.open(f) as im2:
+                im2.load()
+                exif_after_load = dict(im2.getexif())
+
+        assert exif == exif_after_load
+
     @pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error(reason="Backtrace in Python Core")
     def test_sampleformat_not_corrupted(self) -> None:
         # Assert that a TIFF image with SampleFormat=UINT tag is not corrupted
@@ -1127,7 +1144,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
                 im.load()
 
             # Assert that the error code is IMAGING_CODEC_MEMORY
-            assert str(e.value) == "-9"
+            assert str(e.value) == "decoder error -9"
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("compression", ("tiff_adobe_deflate", "jpeg"))
     def test_save_multistrip(self, compression: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -1141,23 +1158,22 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
             assert len(im.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]) > 1
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("argument", (True, False))
-    def test_save_single_strip(self, argument: bool, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    def test_save_single_strip(
+        self, argument: bool, tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
         im = hopper("RGB").resize((256, 256))
         out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
 
         if not argument:
-            TiffImagePlugin.STRIP_SIZE = 2**18
+            monkeypatch.setattr(TiffImagePlugin, "STRIP_SIZE", 2**18)
-        try:
+        arguments: dict[str, str | int] = {"compression": "tiff_adobe_deflate"}
-            arguments: dict[str, str | int] = {"compression": "tiff_adobe_deflate"}
+        if argument:
-            if argument:
+            arguments["strip_size"] = 2**18
-                arguments["strip_size"] = 2**18
+        im.save(out, "TIFF", **arguments)
-            im.save(out, "TIFF", **arguments)
 
-            with Image.open(out) as im:
+        with Image.open(out) as im:
-                assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
+            assert isinstance(im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile)
-                assert len(im.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]) == 1
+            assert len(im.tag_v2[STRIPOFFSETS]) == 1
-        finally:
-            TiffImagePlugin.STRIP_SIZE = 65536
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("compression", ("tiff_adobe_deflate", None))
     def test_save_zero(self, compression: str | None, tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_mpo.py

@@ -29,25 +29,32 @@ def roundtrip(im: Image.Image, **options: Any) -> ImageFile.ImageFile:
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("test_file", test_files)
 def test_sanity(test_file: str) -> None:
-    with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+    def check(im: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
         im.load()
         assert im.mode == "RGB"
         assert im.size == (640, 480)
         assert im.format == "MPO"
 
+    with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+        check(im)
+    with MpoImagePlugin.MpoImageFile(test_file) as im:
+        check(im)
+
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Requires CPython")
 def test_unclosed_file() -> None:
-    def open() -> None:
+    def open_test_image() -> None:
         im = Image.open(test_files[0])
         im.load()
 
     with pytest.warns(ResourceWarning):
-        open()
+        open_test_image()
 
 
 def test_closed_file() -> None:
     with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
         im = Image.open(test_files[0])
         im.load()
         im.close()
@@ -63,6 +70,8 @@ def test_seek_after_close() -> None:
 
 def test_context_manager() -> None:
     with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("error")
+
         with Image.open(test_files[0]) as im:
             im.load()
 
@@ -73,8 +82,8 @@ def test_app(test_file: str) -> None:
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
         assert im.applist[0][0] == "APP1"
         assert im.applist[1][0] == "APP2"
-        assert (
+        assert im.applist[1][1].startswith(
-            im.applist[1][1][:16] == b"MPF\x00MM\x00*\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x03\xb0\x00"
+            b"MPF\x00MM\x00*\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x03\xb0\x00"
         )
         assert len(im.applist) == 2
 
@@ -293,3 +302,15 @@ def test_save_all() -> None:
     # Test that a single frame image will not be saved as an MPO
     jpg = roundtrip(im, save_all=True)
     assert "mp" not in jpg.info
+
+
+def test_save_xmp() -> None:
+    im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
+    im2 = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1), "#f00")
+    im2.encoderinfo = {"xmp": b"Second frame"}
+    im_reloaded = roundtrip(im, xmp=b"First frame", save_all=True, append_images=[im2])
+
+    assert im_reloaded.info["xmp"] == b"First frame"
+
+    im_reloaded.seek(1)
+    assert im_reloaded.info["xmp"] == b"Second frame"