Merge branch 'main' into pre-commit-clang

.ci/requirements-cibw.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-cibuildwheel==2.17.0
+cibuildwheel==2.18.0

.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ jobs:
           packages: >
             gcc-g++
             ghostscript
+            git
             ImageMagick
             jpeg
             libfreetype-devel
@@ -132,11 +133,12 @@ jobs:
           bash.exe .ci/after_success.sh
 
       - name: Upload coverage
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3.1.5
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
         with:
           file: ./coverage.xml
           flags: GHA_Cygwin
           name: Cygwin Python 3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}
 
   success:
     permissions:

.github/workflows/test-docker.yml

@@ -100,11 +100,12 @@ jobs:
         MATRIX_DOCKER: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3.1.5
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
       with:
         flags: GHA_Docker
         name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
         gcov: true
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}
 
   success:
     permissions:

.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml

@@ -85,8 +85,9 @@ jobs:
           python3 -m pytest -vx --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests
 
       - name: Upload coverage
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3.1.5
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
         with:
           file: ./coverage.xml
           flags: GHA_Windows
           name: "MSYS2 MinGW"
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -213,11 +213,12 @@ jobs:
       shell: pwsh
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3.1.5
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
       with:
         file: ./coverage.xml
         flags: GHA_Windows
         name: ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}
 
   success:
     permissions:

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -150,11 +150,12 @@ jobs:
         .ci/after_success.sh
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3.1.5
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
       with:
         flags: ${{ matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && 'GHA_Ubuntu' || 'GHA_macOS' }}
         name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         gcov: true
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}
 
   success:
     permissions:

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.4.1
+    rev: v0.4.3
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
 
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
-    rev: 24.4.1
+    rev: 24.4.2
     hooks:
       - id: black
 

Tests/test_file_eps.py

@@ -336,9 +336,7 @@ def test_readline_psfile(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     strings = ["something", "else", "baz", "bif"]
 
     def _test_readline(t: EpsImagePlugin.PSFile, ending: str) -> None:
-        ending = "Failure with line ending: %s" % (
-            "".join("%s" % ord(s) for s in ending)
-        )
+        ending = f"Failure with line ending: {''.join(str(ord(s)) for s in ending)}"
         assert t.readline().strip("\r\n") == "something", ending
         assert t.readline().strip("\r\n") == "else", ending
         assert t.readline().strip("\r\n") == "baz", ending

Tests/test_file_mpeg.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from io import BytesIO
+
+import pytest
+
+from PIL import Image, MpegImagePlugin
+
+
+def test_identify() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    b = BytesIO(b"\x00\x00\x01\xb3\x01\x00\x01")
+
+    # Act
+    with Image.open(b) as im:
+        # Assert
+        assert im.format == "MPEG"
+
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"
+        assert im.size == (16, 1)
+
+
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
+
+    # Act / Assert
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+        MpegImagePlugin.MpegImageFile(invalid_file)
+
+
+def test_load() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    b = BytesIO(b"\x00\x00\x01\xb3\x01\x00\x01")
+
+    with Image.open(b) as im:
+        # Act / Assert: cannot load
+        with pytest.raises(OSError):
+            im.load()

Tests/test_image_access.py

@@ -409,13 +409,14 @@ class TestEmbeddable:
         from setuptools.command import build_ext
 
         with open("embed_pil.c", "w", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+            home = sys.prefix.replace("\\", "\\\\")
             fh.write(
-                """
+                f"""
 #include "Python.h"
 
 int main(int argc, char* argv[])
-{
-    char *home = "%s";
+{{
+    char *home = "{home}";
     wchar_t *whome = Py_DecodeLocale(home, NULL);
     Py_SetPythonHome(whome);
 
@@ -430,9 +431,8 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     PyMem_RawFree(whome);
 
     return 0;
-}
+}}
         """
-                % sys.prefix.replace("\\", "\\\\")
             )
 
         compiler = getattr(build_ext, "new_compiler")()

selftest.py

@@ -165,9 +165,9 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     print("Running selftest:")
     status = doctest.testmod(sys.modules[__name__])
     if status[0]:
-        print("*** %s tests of %d failed." % status)
+        print(f"*** {status[0]} tests of {status[1]} failed.")
         exit_status = 1
     else:
-        print("--- %s tests passed." % status[1])
+        print(f"--- {status[1]} tests passed.")
 
     sys.exit(exit_status)

src/PIL/BlpImagePlugin.py

@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class BlpImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format = "BLP"
     format_description = "Blizzard Mipmap Format"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         self.magic = self.fp.read(4)
 
         self.fp.seek(5, os.SEEK_CUR)
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
 
 
 class BLP1Decoder(_BLPBaseDecoder):
-    def _load(self):
+    def _load(self) -> None:
         if self._blp_compression == Format.JPEG:
             self._decode_jpeg_stream()
 
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ class BLP2Decoder(_BLPBaseDecoder):
 class BLPEncoder(ImageFile.PyEncoder):
     _pushes_fd = True
 
-    def _write_palette(self):
+    def _write_palette(self) -> bytes:
         data = b""
         palette = self.im.getpalette("RGBA", "RGBA")
         for i in range(len(palette) // 4):

src/PIL/BmpImagePlugin.py

@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ class BmpImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             )
         ]
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         """Open file, check magic number and read header"""
         # read 14 bytes: magic number, filesize, reserved, header final offset
         head_data = self.fp.read(14)
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ class DibImageFile(BmpImageFile):
     format = "DIB"
     format_description = "Windows Bitmap"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         self._bitmap()
 
 

src/PIL/BufrStubImagePlugin.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class BufrStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
     format = "BUFR"
     format_description = "BUFR"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         offset = self.fp.tell()
 
         if not _accept(self.fp.read(4)):

src/PIL/CurImagePlugin.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class CurImageFile(BmpImagePlugin.BmpImageFile):
     format = "CUR"
     format_description = "Windows Cursor"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         offset = self.fp.tell()
 
         # check magic

src/PIL/DcxImagePlugin.py

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class DcxImageFile(PcxImageFile):
         self.is_animated = self.n_frames > 1
         self.seek(0)
 
-    def seek(self, frame):
+    def seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
         if not self._seek_check(frame):
             return
         self.frame = frame
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class DcxImageFile(PcxImageFile):
         self.fp.seek(self._offset[frame])
         PcxImageFile._open(self)
 
-    def tell(self):
+    def tell(self) -> int:
         return self.frame
 
 

src/PIL/DdsImagePlugin.py

@@ -271,16 +271,16 @@ class D3DFMT(IntEnum):
 module = sys.modules[__name__]
 for item in DDSD:
     assert item.name is not None
-    setattr(module, "DDSD_" + item.name, item.value)
+    setattr(module, f"DDSD_{item.name}", item.value)
 for item1 in DDSCAPS:
     assert item1.name is not None
-    setattr(module, "DDSCAPS_" + item1.name, item1.value)
+    setattr(module, f"DDSCAPS_{item1.name}", item1.value)
 for item2 in DDSCAPS2:
     assert item2.name is not None
-    setattr(module, "DDSCAPS2_" + item2.name, item2.value)
+    setattr(module, f"DDSCAPS2_{item2.name}", item2.value)
 for item3 in DDPF:
     assert item3.name is not None
-    setattr(module, "DDPF_" + item3.name, item3.value)
+    setattr(module, f"DDPF_{item3.name}", item3.value)
 
 DDS_FOURCC = DDPF.FOURCC
 DDS_RGB = DDPF.RGB
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ class DdsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format = "DDS"
     format_description = "DirectDraw Surface"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         if not _accept(self.fp.read(4)):
             msg = "not a DDS file"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)

src/PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class PSFile:
         self.char = None
         self.fp.seek(offset, whence)
 
-    def readline(self):
+    def readline(self) -> str:
         s = [self.char or b""]
         self.char = None
 
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class EpsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
     mode_map = {1: "L", 2: "LAB", 3: "RGB", 4: "CMYK"}
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         (length, offset) = self._find_offset(self.fp)
 
         # go to offset - start of "%!PS"

src/PIL/FliImagePlugin.py

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class FliImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                 palette[i] = (r, g, b)
                 i += 1
 
-    def seek(self, frame):
+    def seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
         if not self._seek_check(frame):
             return
         if frame < self.__frame:
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class FliImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         self.__offset += framesize
 
-    def tell(self):
+    def tell(self) -> int:
         return self.__frame
 
 

src/PIL/FpxImagePlugin.py

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class FpxImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         return ImageFile.ImageFile.load(self)
 
-    def close(self):
+    def close(self) -> None:
         self.ole.close()
         super().close()
 

src/PIL/FtexImagePlugin.py

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class FtexImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format = "FTEX"
     format_description = "Texture File Format (IW2:EOC)"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         if not _accept(self.fp.read(4)):
             msg = "not an FTEX file"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)

src/PIL/GbrImagePlugin.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class GbrImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format = "GBR"
     format_description = "GIMP brush file"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         header_size = i32(self.fp.read(4))
         if header_size < 20:
             msg = "not a GIMP brush"

src/PIL/GifImagePlugin.py

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class GifImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
     global_palette = None
 
-    def data(self):
+    def data(self) -> bytes | None:
         s = self.fp.read(1)
         if s and s[0]:
             return self.fp.read(s[0])
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class GifImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                 return True
         return False
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         # Screen
         s = self.fp.read(13)
         if not _accept(s):
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class GifImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                     self.seek(current)
         return self._is_animated
 
-    def seek(self, frame):
+    def seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
         if not self._seek_check(frame):
             return
         if frame < self.__frame:
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ class GifImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             elif k in self.info:
                 del self.info[k]
 
-    def load_prepare(self):
+    def load_prepare(self) -> None:
         temp_mode = "P" if self._frame_palette else "L"
         self._prev_im = None
         if self.__frame == 0:
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ class GifImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         super().load_prepare()
 
-    def load_end(self):
+    def load_end(self) -> None:
         if self.__frame == 0:
             if self.mode == "P" and LOADING_STRATEGY == LoadingStrategy.RGB_ALWAYS:
                 if self._frame_transparency is not None:
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ class GifImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         else:
             self.im.paste(frame_im, self.dispose_extent)
 
-    def tell(self):
+    def tell(self) -> int:
         return self.__frame
 
 

src/PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class GribStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
     format = "GRIB"
     format_description = "GRIB"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         offset = self.fp.tell()
 
         if not _accept(self.fp.read(8)):

src/PIL/Hdf5StubImagePlugin.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class HDF5StubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
     format = "HDF5"
     format_description = "HDF5"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         offset = self.fp.tell()
 
         if not _accept(self.fp.read(8)):

src/PIL/IcnsImagePlugin.py

@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ class IcnsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format = "ICNS"
     format_description = "Mac OS icns resource"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         self.icns = IcnsFile(self.fp)
         self._mode = "RGBA"
         self.info["sizes"] = self.icns.itersizes()

src/PIL/IcoImagePlugin.py

@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ class IcoImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format = "ICO"
     format_description = "Windows Icon"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         self.ico = IcoFile(self.fp)
         self.info["sizes"] = self.ico.sizes()
         self.size = self.ico.entry[0]["dim"]

src/PIL/ImImagePlugin.py

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class ImImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format_description = "IFUNC Image Memory"
     _close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         # Quick rejection: if there's not an LF among the first
         # 100 bytes, this is (probably) not a text header.
 
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class ImImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                     n += 1
 
             else:
-                msg = "Syntax error in IM header: " + s.decode("ascii", "replace")
+                msg = f"Syntax error in IM header: {s.decode('ascii', 'replace')}"
                 raise SyntaxError(msg)
 
         if not n:
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ class ImImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     def is_animated(self):
         return self.info[FRAMES] > 1
 
-    def seek(self, frame):
+    def seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
         if not self._seek_check(frame):
             return
 
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ class ImImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         self.tile = [("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, offs, (self.rawmode, 0, -1))]
 
-    def tell(self):
+    def tell(self) -> int:
         return self.frame
 
 

src/PIL/Image.py

@@ -249,7 +249,28 @@ def _conv_type_shape(im):
     return shape, m.typestr
 
 
-MODES = ["1", "CMYK", "F", "HSV", "I", "L", "LAB", "P", "RGB", "RGBA", "RGBX", "YCbCr"]
+MODES = [
+    "1",
+    "CMYK",
+    "F",
+    "HSV",
+    "I",
+    "I;16",
+    "I;16B",
+    "I;16L",
+    "I;16N",
+    "L",
+    "LA",
+    "La",
+    "LAB",
+    "P",
+    "PA",
+    "RGB",
+    "RGBA",
+    "RGBa",
+    "RGBX",
+    "YCbCr",
+]
 
 # raw modes that may be memory mapped.  NOTE: if you change this, you
 # may have to modify the stride calculation in map.c too!
@@ -405,7 +426,7 @@ def _getdecoder(mode, decoder_name, args, extra=()):
 
     try:
         # get decoder
-        decoder = getattr(core, decoder_name + "_decoder")
+        decoder = getattr(core, f"{decoder_name}_decoder")
     except AttributeError as e:
         msg = f"decoder {decoder_name} not available"
         raise OSError(msg) from e
@@ -428,7 +449,7 @@ def _getencoder(mode, encoder_name, args, extra=()):
 
     try:
         # get encoder
-        encoder = getattr(core, encoder_name + "_encoder")
+        encoder = getattr(core, f"{encoder_name}_encoder")
     except AttributeError as e:
         msg = f"encoder {encoder_name} not available"
         raise OSError(msg) from e
@@ -603,7 +624,7 @@ class Image:
     ) -> str:
         suffix = ""
         if format:
-            suffix = "." + format
+            suffix = f".{format}"
 
         if not file:
             f, filename = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix)
@@ -1298,7 +1319,10 @@ class Image:
         self.load()
         return self._new(self.im.expand(xmargin, ymargin))
 
-    def filter(self, filter):
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        from . import ImageFilter
+
+    def filter(self, filter: ImageFilter.Filter | type[ImageFilter.Filter]) -> Image:
         """
         Filters this image using the given filter.  For a list of
         available filters, see the :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageFilter` module.
@@ -1310,7 +1334,7 @@ class Image:
 
         self.load()
 
-        if isinstance(filter, Callable):
+        if callable(filter):
             filter = filter()
         if not hasattr(filter, "filter"):
             msg = "filter argument should be ImageFilter.Filter instance or class"
@@ -2180,7 +2204,7 @@ class Image:
                     (Resampling.HAMMING, "Image.Resampling.HAMMING"),
                 )
             ]
-            msg += " Use " + ", ".join(filters[:-1]) + " or " + filters[-1]
+            msg += f" Use {', '.join(filters[:-1])} or {filters[-1]}"
             raise ValueError(msg)
 
         if reducing_gap is not None and reducing_gap < 1.0:
@@ -2825,7 +2849,7 @@ class Image:
                     (Resampling.BICUBIC, "Image.Resampling.BICUBIC"),
                 )
             ]
-            msg += " Use " + ", ".join(filters[:-1]) + " or " + filters[-1]
+            msg += f" Use {', '.join(filters[:-1])} or {filters[-1]}"
             raise ValueError(msg)
 
         image.load()
@@ -3223,8 +3247,8 @@ _fromarray_typemap = {
     ((1, 1, 3), "|u1"): ("RGB", "RGB"),
     ((1, 1, 4), "|u1"): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),
     # shortcuts:
-    ((1, 1), _ENDIAN + "i4"): ("I", "I"),
-    ((1, 1), _ENDIAN + "f4"): ("F", "F"),
+    ((1, 1), f"{_ENDIAN}i4"): ("I", "I"),
+    ((1, 1), f"{_ENDIAN}f4"): ("F", "F"),
 }
 
 

src/PIL/ImageFile.py

@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ class ImageFile(Image.Image):
 
         return Image.Image.load(self)
 
-    def load_prepare(self):
+    def load_prepare(self) -> None:
         # create image memory if necessary
         if not self.im or self.im.mode != self.mode or self.im.size != self.size:
             self.im = Image.core.new(self.mode, self.size)
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ class ImageFile(Image.Image):
         if self.mode == "P":
             Image.Image.load(self)
 
-    def load_end(self):
+    def load_end(self) -> None:
         # may be overridden
         pass
 
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ class Parser:
     offset = 0
     finished = 0
 
-    def reset(self):
+    def reset(self) -> None:
         """
         (Consumer) Reset the parser.  Note that you can only call this
         method immediately after you've created a parser; parser
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ def _safe_read(fp, size):
 
 
 class PyCodecState:
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.xsize = 0
         self.ysize = 0
         self.xoff = 0
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ class PyCodec:
         """
         self.args = args
 
-    def cleanup(self):
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
         """
         Override to perform codec specific cleanup
 

src/PIL/ImageFilter.py

@@ -16,11 +16,14 @@
 #
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import abc
 import functools
 
 
 class Filter:
-    pass
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def filter(self, image):
+        pass
 
 
 class MultibandFilter(Filter):

src/PIL/ImageMath.py

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class _Operand:
             out = Image.new(mode or im_1.mode, im_1.size, None)
             im_1.load()
             try:
-                op = getattr(_imagingmath, op + "_" + im_1.mode)
+                op = getattr(_imagingmath, f"{op}_{im_1.mode}")
             except AttributeError as e:
                 msg = f"bad operand type for '{op}'"
                 raise TypeError(msg) from e
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class _Operand:
             im_1.load()
             im_2.load()
             try:
-                op = getattr(_imagingmath, op + "_" + im_1.mode)
+                op = getattr(_imagingmath, f"{op}_{im_1.mode}")
             except AttributeError as e:
                 msg = f"bad operand type for '{op}'"
                 raise TypeError(msg) from e

src/PIL/ImageMode.py

@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ def getmode(mode: str) -> ModeDescriptor:
         # Bits need to be extended to bytes
         "1": ("L", "L", ("1",), "|b1"),
         "L": ("L", "L", ("L",), "|u1"),
-        "I": ("L", "I", ("I",), endian + "i4"),
-        "F": ("L", "F", ("F",), endian + "f4"),
+        "I": ("L", "I", ("I",), f"{endian}i4"),
+        "F": ("L", "F", ("F",), f"{endian}f4"),
         "P": ("P", "L", ("P",), "|u1"),
         "RGB": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B"), "|u1"),
         "RGBX": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B", "X"), "|u1"),
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ def getmode(mode: str) -> ModeDescriptor:
         "I;16LS": "<i2",
         "I;16B": ">u2",
         "I;16BS": ">i2",
-        "I;16N": endian + "u2",
-        "I;16NS": endian + "i2",
+        "I;16N": f"{endian}u2",
+        "I;16NS": f"{endian}i2",
         "I;32": "<u4",
         "I;32B": ">u4",
         "I;32L": "<u4",

src/PIL/ImageMorph.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class LutBuilder:
                 ],
             }
             if op_name not in known_patterns:
-                msg = "Unknown pattern " + op_name + "!"
+                msg = f"Unknown pattern {op_name}!"
                 raise Exception(msg)
 
             self.patterns = known_patterns[op_name]

src/PIL/ImageTk.py

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class PhotoImage:
         if image:
             self.paste(image)
 
-    def __del__(self):
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
         name = self.__photo.name
         self.__photo.name = None
         try:
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ class BitmapImage:
             kw["data"] = image.tobitmap()
         self.__photo = tkinter.BitmapImage(**kw)
 
-    def __del__(self):
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
         name = self.__photo.name
         self.__photo.name = None
         try:

src/PIL/ImageWin.py

@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class Window:
         )
 
     def __dispatcher(self, action, *args):
-        return getattr(self, "ui_handle_" + action)(*args)
+        return getattr(self, f"ui_handle_{action}")(*args)
 
     def ui_handle_clear(self, dc, x0, y0, x1, y1):
         pass
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class Window:
     def ui_handle_damage(self, x0, y0, x1, y1):
         pass
 
-    def ui_handle_destroy(self):
+    def ui_handle_destroy(self) -> None:
         pass
 
     def ui_handle_repair(self, dc, x0, y0, x1, y1):
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class Window:
     def ui_handle_resize(self, width, height):
         pass
 
-    def mainloop(self):
+    def mainloop(self) -> None:
         Image.core.eventloop()
 
 

src/PIL/IptcImagePlugin.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def dump(c: Sequence[int | bytes]) -> None:
     """.. deprecated:: 10.2.0"""
     deprecate("IptcImagePlugin.dump", 12)
     for i in c:
-        print("%02x" % _i8(i), end=" ")
+        print(f"{_i8(i):02x}", end=" ")
     print()
 
 

src/PIL/Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class Jpeg2KImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format = "JPEG2000"
     format_description = "JPEG 2000 (ISO 15444)"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         sig = self.fp.read(4)
         if sig == b"\xff\x4f\xff\x51":
             self.codec = "j2k"
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ class Jpeg2KImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             )
         ]
 
-    def _parse_comment(self):
+    def _parse_comment(self) -> None:
         hdr = self.fp.read(2)
         length = _binary.i16be(hdr)
         self.fp.seek(length - 2, os.SEEK_CUR)

src/PIL/JpegImagePlugin.py

@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ class JpegImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         box = (0, 0, original_size[0] / scale, original_size[1] / scale)
         return self.mode, box
 
-    def load_djpeg(self):
+    def load_djpeg(self) -> None:
         # ALTERNATIVE: handle JPEGs via the IJG command line utilities
 
         f, path = tempfile.mkstemp()

src/PIL/MicImagePlugin.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class MicImageFile(TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile):
     format_description = "Microsoft Image Composer"
     _close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         # read the OLE directory and see if this is a likely
         # to be a Microsoft Image Composer file
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class MicImageFile(TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile):
     def tell(self):
         return self.frame
 
-    def close(self):
+    def close(self) -> None:
         self.__fp.close()
         self.ole.close()
         super().close()

src/PIL/MpegImagePlugin.py

@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@ class BitStream:
         return v
 
 
+def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
+    return prefix[:4] == b"\x00\x00\x01\xb3"
+
+
 ##
 # Image plugin for MPEG streams.  This plugin can identify a stream,
 # but it cannot read it.
@@ -77,7 +81,7 @@ class MpegImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Registry stuff
 
-Image.register_open(MpegImageFile.format, MpegImageFile)
+Image.register_open(MpegImageFile.format, MpegImageFile, _accept)
 
 Image.register_extensions(MpegImageFile.format, [".mpg", ".mpeg"])
 

src/PIL/MpoImagePlugin.py

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class MpoImageFile(JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile):
     format_description = "MPO (CIPA DC-007)"
     _close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         self.fp.seek(0)  # prep the fp in order to pass the JPEG test
         JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile._open(self)
         self._after_jpeg_open()
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class MpoImageFile(JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile):
     def load_seek(self, pos):
         self._fp.seek(pos)
 
-    def seek(self, frame):
+    def seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
         if not self._seek_check(frame):
             return
         self.fp = self._fp
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ class MpoImageFile(JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile):
         self.tile = [("jpeg", (0, 0) + self.size, self.offset, self.tile[0][-1])]
         self.__frame = frame
 
-    def tell(self):
+    def tell(self) -> int:
         return self.__frame
 
     @staticmethod

src/PIL/PSDraw.py

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class PSDraw:
         self.fp.write(b"%%EndProlog\n")
         self.isofont = {}
 
-    def end_document(self):
+    def end_document(self) -> None:
         """Ends printing. (Write PostScript DSC footer.)"""
         self.fp.write(b"%%EndDocument\nrestore showpage\n%%End\n")
         if hasattr(self.fp, "flush"):

src/PIL/PalmImagePlugin.py

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ def _save(im, fp, filename):
 
         # we ignore the palette here
         im.mode = "P"
-        rawmode = "P;" + str(bpp)
+        rawmode = f"P;{bpp}"
         version = 1
 
     elif im.mode == "1":

src/PIL/PdfParser.py

@@ -144,9 +144,7 @@ class XrefTable:
         elif key in self.deleted_entries:
             generation = self.deleted_entries[key]
         else:
-            msg = (
-                "object ID " + str(key) + " cannot be deleted because it doesn't exist"
-            )
+            msg = f"object ID {key} cannot be deleted because it doesn't exist"
             raise IndexError(msg)
 
     def __contains__(self, key):
@@ -225,7 +223,7 @@ class PdfName:
         return hash(self.name)
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return f"PdfName({repr(self.name)})"
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({repr(self.name)})"
 
     @classmethod
     def from_pdf_stream(cls, data):
@@ -411,28 +409,28 @@ class PdfParser:
         self.close()
         return False  # do not suppress exceptions
 
-    def start_writing(self):
+    def start_writing(self) -> None:
         self.close_buf()
         self.seek_end()
 
-    def close_buf(self):
+    def close_buf(self) -> None:
         try:
             self.buf.close()
         except AttributeError:
             pass
         self.buf = None
 
-    def close(self):
+    def close(self) -> None:
         if self.should_close_buf:
             self.close_buf()
         if self.f is not None and self.should_close_file:
             self.f.close()
             self.f = None
 
-    def seek_end(self):
+    def seek_end(self) -> None:
         self.f.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
 
-    def write_header(self):
+    def write_header(self) -> None:
         self.f.write(b"%PDF-1.4\n")
 
     def write_comment(self, s):
@@ -452,7 +450,7 @@ class PdfParser:
         )
         return self.root_ref
 
-    def rewrite_pages(self):
+    def rewrite_pages(self) -> None:
         pages_tree_nodes_to_delete = []
         for i, page_ref in enumerate(self.orig_pages):
             page_info = self.cached_objects[page_ref]
@@ -531,7 +529,7 @@ class PdfParser:
         f.write(b"endobj\n")
         return ref
 
-    def del_root(self):
+    def del_root(self) -> None:
         if self.root_ref is None:
             return
         del self.xref_table[self.root_ref.object_id]
@@ -549,7 +547,7 @@ class PdfParser:
             except ValueError:  # cannot mmap an empty file
                 return b""
 
-    def read_pdf_info(self):
+    def read_pdf_info(self) -> None:
         self.file_size_total = len(self.buf)
         self.file_size_this = self.file_size_total - self.start_offset
         self.read_trailer()
@@ -825,11 +823,10 @@ class PdfParser:
             m = cls.re_stream_start.match(data, offset)
             if m:
                 try:
-                    stream_len = int(result[b"Length"])
-                except (TypeError, KeyError, ValueError) as e:
-                    msg = "bad or missing Length in stream dict (%r)" % result.get(
-                        b"Length", None
-                    )
+                    stream_len_str = result.get(b"Length")
+                    stream_len = int(stream_len_str)
+                except (TypeError, ValueError) as e:
+                    msg = f"bad or missing Length in stream dict ({stream_len_str})"
                     raise PdfFormatError(msg) from e
                 stream_data = data[m.end() : m.end() + stream_len]
                 m = cls.re_stream_end.match(data, m.end() + stream_len)
@@ -884,7 +881,7 @@ class PdfParser:
         if m:
             return cls.get_literal_string(data, m.end())
         # return None, offset  # fallback (only for debugging)
-        msg = "unrecognized object: " + repr(data[offset : offset + 32])
+        msg = f"unrecognized object: {repr(data[offset : offset + 32])}"
         raise PdfFormatError(msg)
 
     re_lit_str_token = re.compile(

src/PIL/PngImagePlugin.py

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class ChunkStream:
     def __exit__(self, *args):
         self.close()
 
-    def close(self):
+    def close(self) -> None:
         self.queue = self.fp = None
 
     def push(self, cid, pos, length):
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class ChunkStream:
         """Call the appropriate chunk handler"""
 
         logger.debug("STREAM %r %s %s", cid, pos, length)
-        return getattr(self, "chunk_" + cid.decode("ascii"))(pos, length)
+        return getattr(self, f"chunk_{cid.decode('ascii')}")(pos, length)
 
     def crc(self, cid, data):
         """Read and verify checksum"""
@@ -370,14 +370,14 @@ class PngStream(ChunkStream):
             )
             raise ValueError(msg)
 
-    def save_rewind(self):
+    def save_rewind(self) -> None:
         self.rewind_state = {
             "info": self.im_info.copy(),
             "tile": self.im_tile,
             "seq_num": self._seq_num,
         }
 
-    def rewind(self):
+    def rewind(self) -> None:
         self.im_info = self.rewind_state["info"].copy()
         self.im_tile = self.rewind_state["tile"]
         self._seq_num = self.rewind_state["seq_num"]
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ class PngImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             self.fp.close()
         self.fp = None
 
-    def seek(self, frame):
+    def seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
         if not self._seek_check(frame):
             return
         if frame < self.__frame:
@@ -909,10 +909,10 @@ class PngImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         else:
             self.dispose = None
 
-    def tell(self):
+    def tell(self) -> int:
         return self.__frame
 
-    def load_prepare(self):
+    def load_prepare(self) -> None:
         """internal: prepare to read PNG file"""
 
         if self.info.get("interlace"):
@@ -954,7 +954,7 @@ class PngImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         return self.fp.read(read_bytes)
 
-    def load_end(self):
+    def load_end(self) -> None:
         """internal: finished reading image data"""
         if self.__idat != 0:
             self.fp.read(self.__idat)

src/PIL/PsdImagePlugin.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class PsdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format_description = "Adobe Photoshop"
     _close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         read = self.fp.read
 
         #
@@ -141,23 +141,22 @@ class PsdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         self.frame = 1
         self._min_frame = 1
 
-    def seek(self, layer):
+    def seek(self, layer: int) -> None:
         if not self._seek_check(layer):
             return
 
         # seek to given layer (1..max)
         try:
-            name, mode, bbox, tile = self.layers[layer - 1]
+            _, mode, _, tile = self.layers[layer - 1]
             self._mode = mode
             self.tile = tile
             self.frame = layer
             self.fp = self._fp
-            return name, bbox
         except IndexError as e:
             msg = "no such layer"
             raise EOFError(msg) from e
 
-    def tell(self):
+    def tell(self) -> int:
         # return layer number (0=image, 1..max=layers)
         return self.frame
 

src/PIL/PyAccess.py

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class PyAccess:
         # logger.debug("%s", vals)
         self._post_init()
 
-    def _post_init(self):
+    def _post_init(self) -> None:
         pass
 
     def __setitem__(self, xy, color):

src/PIL/QoiImagePlugin.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class QoiImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format = "QOI"
     format_description = "Quite OK Image"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         if not _accept(self.fp.read(4)):
             msg = "not a QOI file"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)

src/PIL/SpiderImagePlugin.py

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class SpiderImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format_description = "Spider 2D image"
     _close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         # check header
         n = 27 * 4  # read 27 float values
         f = self.fp.read(n)
@@ -165,13 +165,13 @@ class SpiderImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         return self._nimages > 1
 
     # 1st image index is zero (although SPIDER imgnumber starts at 1)
-    def tell(self):
+    def tell(self) -> int:
         if self.imgnumber < 1:
             return 0
         else:
             return self.imgnumber - 1
 
-    def seek(self, frame):
+    def seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
         if self.istack == 0:
             msg = "attempt to seek in a non-stack file"
             raise EOFError(msg)
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ def loadImageSeries(filelist=None):
                 im = im.convert2byte()
         except Exception:
             if not isSpiderImage(img):
-                print(img + " is not a Spider image file")
+                print(f"{img} is not a Spider image file")
             continue
         im.info["filename"] = img
         imglist.append(im)
@@ -299,10 +299,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         sys.exit()
 
     with Image.open(filename) as im:
-        print("image: " + str(im))
-        print("format: " + str(im.format))
-        print("size: " + str(im.size))
-        print("mode: " + str(im.mode))
+        print(f"image: {im}")
+        print(f"format: {im.format}")
+        print(f"size: {im.size}")
+        print(f"mode: {im.mode}")
         print("max, min: ", end=" ")
         print(im.getextrema())
 

src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py

@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ def _register_basic(idx_fmt_name):
 
     idx, fmt, name = idx_fmt_name
     TYPES[idx] = name
-    size = struct.calcsize("=" + fmt)
+    size = struct.calcsize(f"={fmt}")
     _load_dispatch[idx] = (  # noqa: F821
         size,
         lambda self, data, legacy_api=True: (
@@ -987,8 +987,8 @@ ImageFileDirectory_v2._load_dispatch = _load_dispatch
 ImageFileDirectory_v2._write_dispatch = _write_dispatch
 for idx, name in TYPES.items():
     name = name.replace(" ", "_")
-    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, "load_" + name, _load_dispatch[idx][1])
-    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, "write_" + name, _write_dispatch[idx])
+    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, f"load_{name}", _load_dispatch[idx][1])
+    setattr(ImageFileDirectory_v2, f"write_{name}", _write_dispatch[idx])
 del _load_dispatch, _write_dispatch, idx, name
 
 
@@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             self.seek(current)
         return self._n_frames
 
-    def seek(self, frame):
+    def seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
         """Select a given frame as current image"""
         if not self._seek_check(frame):
             return
@@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         self.__frame = frame
         self._setup()
 
-    def tell(self):
+    def tell(self) -> int:
         """Return the current frame number"""
         return self.__frame
 
@@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             return self._load_libtiff()
         return super().load()
 
-    def load_end(self):
+    def load_end(self) -> None:
         # allow closing if we're on the first frame, there's no next
         # This is the ImageFile.load path only, libtiff specific below.
         if not self.is_animated:
@@ -1942,7 +1942,7 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter:
         self.beginning = self.f.tell()
         self.setup()
 
-    def setup(self):
+    def setup(self) -> None:
         # Reset everything.
         self.f.seek(self.beginning, os.SEEK_SET)
 
@@ -1967,7 +1967,7 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter:
         self.skipIFDs()
         self.goToEnd()
 
-    def finalize(self):
+    def finalize(self) -> None:
         if self.isFirst:
             return
 
@@ -1990,7 +1990,7 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter:
         self.f.seek(ifd_offset)
         self.fixIFD()
 
-    def newFrame(self):
+    def newFrame(self) -> None:
         # Call this to finish a frame.
         self.finalize()
         self.setup()
@@ -2013,7 +2013,7 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter:
         self.f.seek(offset, whence)
         return self.tell()
 
-    def goToEnd(self):
+    def goToEnd(self) -> None:
         self.f.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
         pos = self.f.tell()
 
@@ -2025,11 +2025,11 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter:
 
     def setEndian(self, endian):
         self.endian = endian
-        self.longFmt = self.endian + "L"
-        self.shortFmt = self.endian + "H"
-        self.tagFormat = self.endian + "HHL"
+        self.longFmt = f"{self.endian}L"
+        self.shortFmt = f"{self.endian}H"
+        self.tagFormat = f"{self.endian}HHL"
 
-    def skipIFDs(self):
+    def skipIFDs(self) -> None:
         while True:
             ifd_offset = self.readLong()
             if ifd_offset == 0:
@@ -2084,11 +2084,11 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter:
             msg = f"wrote only {bytes_written} bytes but wanted 4"
             raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
-    def close(self):
+    def close(self) -> None:
         self.finalize()
         self.f.close()
 
-    def fixIFD(self):
+    def fixIFD(self) -> None:
         num_tags = self.readShort()
 
         for i in range(num_tags):

src/PIL/WalImageFile.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class WalImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format = "WAL"
     format_description = "Quake2 Texture"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         self._mode = "P"
 
         # read header fields

src/PIL/WebPImagePlugin.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class WebPImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     __loaded = 0
     __logical_frame = 0
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         if not _webp.HAVE_WEBPANIM:
             # Legacy mode
             data, width, height, self._mode, icc_profile, exif = _webp.WebPDecode(
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class WebPImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         """
         return self._getxmp(self.info["xmp"]) if "xmp" in self.info else {}
 
-    def seek(self, frame):
+    def seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
         if not self._seek_check(frame):
             return
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class WebPImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     def load_seek(self, pos):
         pass
 
-    def tell(self):
+    def tell(self) -> int:
         if not _webp.HAVE_WEBPANIM:
             return super().tell()
 

src/PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class WmfStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
     format = "WMF"
     format_description = "Windows Metafile"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         self._inch = None
 
         # check placable header

src/PIL/XpmImagePlugin.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class XpmImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format = "XPM"
     format_description = "X11 Pixel Map"
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         if not _accept(self.fp.read(9)):
             msg = "not an XPM file"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)

src/PIL/features.py

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def check_codec(feature):
 
     codec, lib = codecs[feature]
 
-    return codec + "_encoder" in dir(Image.core)
+    return f"{codec}_encoder" in dir(Image.core)
 
 
 def version_codec(feature):
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def version_codec(feature):
 
     codec, lib = codecs[feature]
 
-    version = getattr(Image.core, lib + "_version")
+    version = getattr(Image.core, f"{lib}_version")
 
     if feature == "libtiff":
         return version.split("\n")[0].split("Version ")[1]