Merge branch 'main' into fix/gimppalette

.appveyor.yml

@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-version: '{build}'
-clone_folder: c:\pillow
-init:
-- ECHO %PYTHON%
-#- ps: iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/appveyor/ci/master/scripts/enable-rdp.ps1'))
-# Uncomment previous line to get RDP access during the build.
-
-environment:
-  EXECUTABLE: python.exe
-  TEST_OPTIONS:
-  DEPLOY: YES
-  matrix:
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python311
-    ARCHITECTURE: x86
-    APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2022
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python37-x64
-    ARCHITECTURE: x64
-    APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
-
-
-install:
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% --version'
-- curl -fsSL -o pillow-depends.zip https://github.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/archive/main.zip
-- 7z x pillow-depends.zip -oc:\
-- mv c:\pillow-depends-main c:\pillow-depends
-- xcopy /S /Y c:\pillow-depends\test_images\* c:\pillow\tests\images
-- 7z x ..\pillow-depends\nasm-2.15.05-win64.zip -oc:\
-- ..\pillow-depends\gs1000w32.exe /S
-- path c:\nasm-2.15.05;C:\Program Files (x86)\gs\gs10.0.0\bin;%PATH%
-- cd c:\pillow\winbuild\
-- ps: |
-        c:\python37\python.exe c:\pillow\winbuild\build_prepare.py -v --depends=C:\pillow-depends\
-        c:\pillow\winbuild\build\build_dep_all.cmd
-        $host.SetShouldExit(0)
-- path C:\pillow\winbuild\build\bin;%PATH%
-
-build_script:
-- ps: |
-        c:\pillow\winbuild\build\build_pillow.cmd install
-        $host.SetShouldExit(0)
-- cd c:\pillow
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% selftest.py --installed'
-
-test_script:
-- cd c:\pillow
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip install pytest pytest-cov pytest-timeout'
-- c:\"Program Files (x86)"\"Windows Kits"\10\Debuggers\x86\gflags.exe /p /enable %PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE%
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -c "from PIL import Image"'
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pytest -vx --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests'
-#- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% test-installed.py -v -s %TEST_OPTIONS%' TODO TEST_OPTIONS with pytest?
-
-after_test:
-- python -m pip install codecov
-- codecov --file coverage.xml --name %PYTHON% --flags AppVeyor
-
-matrix:
-  fast_finish: true
-
-cache:
-- '%LOCALAPPDATA%\pip\Cache'
-
-artifacts:
-- path: pillow\dist\*.egg
-  name: egg
-- path: pillow\dist\*.wheel
-  name: wheel
-
-before_deploy:
-  - cd c:\pillow
-  - '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip install wheel'
-  - cd c:\pillow\winbuild\
-  - c:\pillow\winbuild\build\build_pillow.cmd bdist_wheel
-  - cd c:\pillow
-  - ps: Get-ChildItem .\dist\*.* | % { Push-AppveyorArtifact $_.FullName -FileName $_.Name }
-
-deploy:
-  provider: S3
-  region: us-west-2
-  access_key_id: AKIAIRAXC62ZNTVQJMOQ
-  secret_access_key:
-    secure: Hwb6klTqtBeMgxAjRoDltiiqpuH8xbwD4UooDzBSiCWXjuFj1lyl4kHgHwTCCGqi
-  bucket: pillow-nightly
-  folder: win/$(APPVEYOR_BUILD_NUMBER)/
-  artifact: /.*egg|wheel/
-  on:
-    APPVEYOR_REPO_NAME: python-pillow/Pillow
-    branch: main
-    deploy: YES
-
-
-# Uncomment the following lines to get RDP access after the build/test and block for
-# up to the timeout limit (~1hr)
-#
-#on_finish:
-#- ps: $blockRdp = $true; iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/appveyor/ci/master/scripts/enable-rdp.ps1'))

.ci/after_success.sh

@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
 # gather the coverage data
-python3 -m pip install codecov
+python3 -m pip install coverage
-if [[ $MATRIX_DOCKER ]]; then
+python3 -m coverage xml
-  python3 -m coverage xml --ignore-errors
-else
-  python3 -m coverage xml
-fi

.ci/build.sh

@@ -3,8 +3,5 @@
 set -e
 
 python3 -m coverage erase
-if [ $(uname) == "Darwin" ]; then
-    export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/miniconda/include";
-fi
 make clean
 make install-coverage

.ci/install.sh

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 
 aptget_update()
 {
-    if [ ! -z $1 ]; then
+    if [ -n "$1" ]; then
         echo ""
         echo "Retrying apt-get update..."
         echo ""
     fi
-    output=`sudo apt-get update 2>&1`
+    output=$(sudo apt-get update 2>&1)
     echo "$output"
     if [[ $output == *[WE]:\ * ]]; then
         return 1
@@ -20,16 +20,17 @@ fi
 set -e
 
 if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
-    sudo apt-get -qq install libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev python3-tk\
+    sudo apt-get -qq install libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev libtiff-dev python3-tk\
-                             ghostscript libffi-dev libjpeg-turbo-progs libopenjp2-7-dev\
+                             ghostscript libjpeg-turbo8-dev libopenjp2-7-dev\
-                             cmake meson imagemagick libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev
+                             cmake meson imagemagick libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev\
+                             sway wl-clipboard libopenblas-dev
 fi
 
 python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
 python3 -m pip install --upgrade wheel
-PYTHONOPTIMIZE=0 python3 -m pip install cffi
 python3 -m pip install coverage
 python3 -m pip install defusedxml
+python3 -m pip install ipython
 python3 -m pip install olefile
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest-cov
@@ -41,8 +42,15 @@ if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
 
     # PyQt6 doesn't support PyPy3
     if [[ $GHA_PYTHON_VERSION == 3.* ]]; then
-        sudo apt-get -qq install libegl1 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-shape0 libxkbcommon-x11-0
+        sudo apt-get -qq install libegl1 libxcb-cursor0 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-shape0 libxkbcommon-x11-0
-        python3 -m pip install pyqt6
+        # TODO Update condition when pyqt6 supports free-threading
+        if ! [[ "$PYTHON_GIL" == "0" ]]; then python3 -m pip install pyqt6 ; fi
+    fi
+
+    # Pyroma uses non-isolated build and fails with old setuptools
+    if [[ $GHA_PYTHON_VERSION == 3.9 ]]; then
+        # To match pyproject.toml
+        python3 -m pip install "setuptools>=67.8"
     fi
 
     # webp

.ci/requirements-cibw.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+cibuildwheel==2.23.1

.ci/requirements-mypy.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+mypy==1.15.0
+IceSpringPySideStubs-PyQt6
+IceSpringPySideStubs-PySide6
+ipython
+numpy
+packaging
+pytest
+sphinx
+types-atheris
+types-defusedxml
+types-olefile
+types-setuptools

.ci/test.cmd

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+python.exe -c "from PIL import Image"
+IF ERRORLEVEL 1 EXIT /B
+python.exe -bb -m pytest -v -x -W always --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests

.ci/test.sh

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ set -e
 
 python3 -c "from PIL import Image"
 
-python3 -bb -m pytest -v -x -W always --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term Tests $REVERSE
+python3 -bb -m pytest -v -x -W always --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests $REVERSE

.clang-format

@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@
 BasedOnStyle: Google
 AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: All
 AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
-AlignAfterOpenBracket: AlwaysBreak
+AlignAfterOpenBracket: BlockIndent
 BinPackArguments: false
 BinPackParameters: false
 BreakBeforeBraces: Attach
 ColumnLimit: 88
 DerivePointerAlignment: false
+IndentGotoLabels: false
 IndentWidth: 4
 Language: Cpp
 PointerAlignment: Right

.coveragerc

@@ -2,19 +2,22 @@
 
 [report]
 # Regexes for lines to exclude from consideration
-exclude_lines =
+exclude_also =
-    # Have to re-enable the standard pragma:
+    # Don't complain if non-runnable code isn't run
-    pragma: no cover
-
-    # Don't complain if non-runnable code isn't run:
     if 0:
     if __name__ == .__main__.:
     # Don't complain about debug code
     if DEBUG:
+    # Don't complain about compatibility code for missing optional dependencies
+    except ImportError
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    # Empty bodies in protocols or abstract methods
+    ^\s*def [a-zA-Z0-9_]+\(.*\)(\s*->.*)?:\s*\.\.\.(\s*#.*)?$
+    ^\s*\.\.\.(\s*#.*)?$
 
 [run]
 omit =
     Tests/32bit_segfault_check.py
-    Tests/bench_cffi_access.py
     Tests/check_*.py
     Tests/createfontdatachunk.py

.editorconfig

@@ -13,11 +13,7 @@ indent_style = space
 
 trim_trailing_whitespace = true
 
-[*.rst]
+[*.{toml,yml}]
-# Four-space indentation
-indent_size = 4
-
-[*.yml]
 # Two-space indentation
 indent_size = 2
 

.git-blame-ignore-revs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Flake8
+8de95676e0fd89f2326b3953488ab66ff29cd2d0
+# Format with Black
+53a7e3500437a9fd5826bc04758f7116bd7e52dc
+# Format the C code with ClangFormat
+46b7e86bab79450ec0a2866c6c0c679afb659d17

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Please send a pull request to the `main` branch. Please include [documentation](
 - Fork the Pillow repository.
 - Create a branch from `main`.
 - Develop bug fixes, features, tests, etc.
-- Run the test suite. You can enable GitHub Actions (https://github.com/MY-USERNAME/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/projects/new) on your repo to catch test failures prior to the pull request, and [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh) to see if the changed code is covered by tests.
+- Run the test suite. You can enable GitHub Actions (https://github.com/MY-USERNAME/Pillow/actions) on your repo to catch test failures prior to the pull request, and [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh) to see if the changed code is covered by tests.
 - Create a pull request to pull the changes from your branch to the Pillow `main`.
 
 ### Guidelines
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Please send a pull request to the `main` branch. Please include [documentation](
 - Separate code commits from reformatting commits.
 - Provide tests for any newly added code.
 - Follow PEP 8.
-- When committing only documentation changes please include `[ci skip]` in the commit message to avoid running tests on AppVeyor.
+- When committing only documentation changes please include `[ci skip]` in the commit message to avoid running extra tests.
 - Include [release notes](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/tree/main/docs/releasenotes) as needed or appropriate with your bug fixes, feature additions and tests.
 
 ## Reporting Issues

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-tidelift: "pypi/Pillow"
+tidelift: "pypi/pillow"

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/ISSUE_REPORT.md

@@ -48,6 +48,21 @@ Thank you.
 * Python: 
 * Pillow: 
 
+```text
+Please paste here the output of running:
+
+python3 -m PIL.report
+or
+python3 -m PIL --report
+
+Or the output of the following Python code:
+
+from PIL import report
+# or
+from PIL import features
+features.pilinfo(supported_formats=False)
+```
+
 <!--
 Please include **code** that reproduces the issue and whenever possible, an **image** that demonstrates the issue. Please upload images to GitHub, not to third-party file hosting sites. If necessary, add the image to a zip or tar archive.
 

.github/mergify.yml

@@ -7,9 +7,8 @@ pull_request_rules:
       - status-success=Test Successful
       - status-success=Docker Test Successful
       - status-success=Windows Test Successful
-      - status-success=MinGW Test Successful
+      - status-success=MinGW
       - status-success=Cygwin Test Successful
-      - status-success=continuous-integration/appveyor/pr
     actions:
       merge:
         method: merge

.github/problem-matchers/gcc.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+    "__comment": "Based on vscode-cpptools' Extension/package.json gcc rule",
+    "problemMatcher": [
+        {
+            "owner": "gcc-problem-matcher",
+            "pattern": [
+                {
+                    "regexp": "^\\s*(.*):(\\d+):(\\d+):\\s+(?:fatal\\s+)?(warning|error):\\s+(.*)$",
+                    "file": 1,
+                    "line": 2,
+                    "column": 3,
+                    "severity": 4,
+                    "message": 5
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ]
+}

.github/release-drafter.yml

@@ -3,16 +3,19 @@ tag-template: "$NEXT_MINOR_VERSION"
 change-template: '- $TITLE #$NUMBER [@$AUTHOR]'
 
 categories:
-  - title: "Dependencies"
+  - title: "Removals"
-    label: "Dependency"
+    label: "Removal"
   - title: "Deprecations"
     label: "Deprecation"
   - title: "Documentation"
     label: "Documentation"
-  - title: "Removals"
+  - title: "Dependencies"
-    label: "Removal"
+    label: "Dependency"
   - title: "Testing"
     label: "Testing"
+  - title: "Type hints"
+    label: "Type hints"
+  - title: "Other changes"
 
 exclude-labels:
   - "changelog: skip"
@@ -21,6 +24,4 @@ template: |
 
   https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/$NEXT_MINOR_VERSION.html
 
-  ## Changes
-
   $CHANGES

.github/renovate.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
     "$schema": "https://docs.renovatebot.com/renovate-schema.json",
     "extends": [
-        "config:base"
+        "config:recommended"
     ],
     "labels": [
         "Dependency"
@@ -9,9 +9,13 @@
     "packageRules": [
         {
             "groupName": "github-actions",
-            "matchManagers": ["github-actions"],
+            "matchManagers": [
-            "separateMajorMinor": "false"
+                "github-actions"
+            ],
+            "separateMajorMinor": false
         }
     ],
-    "schedule": ["on the 3rd day of the month"]
+    "schedule": [
+        "* * 3 * *"
+    ]
 }

.github/workflows/cifuzz.yml

@@ -2,11 +2,17 @@ name: CIFuzz
 
 on:
   push:
+    branches:
+      - "**"
     paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/cifuzz.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh"
       - "**.c"
       - "**.h"
   pull_request:
     paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/cifuzz.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh"
       - "**.c"
       - "**.h"
   workflow_dispatch:
@@ -38,13 +44,13 @@ jobs:
         language: python
         dry-run: false
     - name: Upload New Crash
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       if: failure() && steps.build.outcome == 'success'
       with:
         name: artifacts
         path: ./out/artifacts
     - name: Upload Legacy Crash
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       if: steps.run.outcome == 'success'
       with:
         name: crash

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+name: Docs
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "**"
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "src/PIL/**"
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "src/PIL/**"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  FORCE_COLOR: 1
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    name: Docs
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.x"
+        cache: pip
+        cache-dependency-path: |
+          ".ci/*.sh"
+          "pyproject.toml"
+
+    - name: Build system information
+      run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py
+
+    - name: Cache libimagequant
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
+      id: cache-libimagequant
+      with:
+        path: ~/cache-libimagequant
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-libimagequant-${{ hashFiles('depends/install_imagequant.sh') }}
+
+    - name: Install Linux dependencies
+      run: |
+        .ci/install.sh
+      env:
+        GHA_PYTHON_VERSION: "3.x"
+        GHA_LIBIMAGEQUANT_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.cache-libimagequant.outputs.cache-hit }}
+
+    - name: Build
+      run: |
+        .ci/build.sh
+
+    - name: Docs
+      run: |
+        make doccheck

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ name: Lint
 
 on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 
+env:
+  FORCE_COLOR: 1
+
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
@@ -17,10 +20,12 @@ jobs:
     name: Lint
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: pre-commit cache
-      uses: actions/cache@v3
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: ~/.cache/pre-commit
         key: lint-pre-commit-${{ hashFiles('**/.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}
@@ -28,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
           lint-pre-commit-
 
     - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
         cache: pip
@@ -46,3 +51,6 @@ jobs:
       run: tox -e lint
       env:
         PRE_COMMIT_COLOR: always
+
+    - name: Mypy
+      run: tox -e mypy

.github/workflows/macos-install.sh

@@ -2,17 +2,29 @@
 
 set -e
 
-brew install libtiff libjpeg openjpeg libimagequant webp little-cms2 freetype libraqm
+if [[ "$ImageOS" == "macos13" ]]; then
+    brew uninstall gradle maven
+fi
+brew install \
+    freetype \
+    ghostscript \
+    jpeg-turbo \
+    libimagequant \
+    libraqm \
+    libtiff \
+    little-cms2 \
+    openjpeg \
+    webp
+export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openblas/lib/pkgconfig"
 
-PYTHONOPTIMIZE=0 python3 -m pip install cffi
 python3 -m pip install coverage
 python3 -m pip install defusedxml
+python3 -m pip install ipython
 python3 -m pip install olefile
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest-cov
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest-timeout
 python3 -m pip install pyroma
-
 python3 -m pip install numpy
 
 # extra test images

.github/workflows/release-drafter.yml

@@ -23,6 +23,6 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       # Drafts your next release notes as pull requests are merged into "main"
-      - uses: release-drafter/release-drafter@v5
+      - uses: release-drafter/release-drafter@v6
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 permissions:
-  issues: write
+  contents: read
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
@@ -15,12 +15,14 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   stale:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow'
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
     - name: "Check issues"
-      uses: actions/stale@v7
+      uses: actions/stale@v9
       with:
         repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         only-labels: "Awaiting OP Action"

.github/workflows/system-info.py

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ This sort of info is missing from GitHub Actions.
 Requested here:
 https://github.com/actions/virtual-environments/issues/79
 """
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
 import platform
 import sys

.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,23 @@
 name: Test Cygwin
 
-on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "**"
+    paths-ignore:
+      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels*"
+      - ".gitmodules"
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "wheels/**"
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels*"
+      - ".gitmodules"
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "wheels/**"
+  workflow_dispatch:
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -9,13 +26,16 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+env:
+  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
+
 jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-minor-version: [8, 9]
+        python-minor-version: [9]
 
     timeout-minutes: 40
 
@@ -27,33 +47,54 @@ jobs:
           git config --global core.autocrlf input
 
       - name: Checkout Pillow
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Cygwin
-        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v3
+        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v5
         with:
-          platform: x86_64
           packages: >
-            ImageMagick gcc-g++ ghostscript jpeg libfreetype-devel
+            gcc-g++
-            libimagequant-devel libjpeg-devel liblapack-devel
+            ghostscript
-            liblcms2-devel libopenjp2-devel libraqm-devel
+            git
-            libtiff-devel libwebp-devel libxcb-devel libxcb-xinerama0
+            ImageMagick
-            make netpbm perl
+            jpeg
-            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-cffi
+            libfreetype-devel
+            libimagequant-devel
+            libjpeg-devel
+            liblapack-devel
+            liblcms2-devel
+            libopenjp2-devel
+            libraqm-devel
+            libtiff-devel
+            libwebp-devel
+            libxcb-devel
+            libxcb-xinerama0
+            make
+            netpbm
+            perl
             python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-cython
             python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-devel
+            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-ipython
             python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-numpy
             python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-sip
             python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-tkinter
-            qt5-devel-tools subversion xorg-server-extra zlib-devel
+            wget
+            xorg-server-extra
+            zlib-devel
 
       - name: Add Lapack to PATH
-        uses: egor-tensin/cleanup-path@v3
+        uses: egor-tensin/cleanup-path@v4
         with:
           dirs: 'C:\cygwin\bin;C:\cygwin\lib\lapack'
 
+      - name: Select Python version
+        run: |
+          ln -sf c:/cygwin/bin/python3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }} c:/cygwin/bin/python3
+
       - name: pip cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: 'C:\cygwin\home\runneradmin\.cache\pip'
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-cygwin-pip3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-${{ hashFiles('.ci/install.sh') }}
@@ -68,15 +109,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           bash.exe .ci/install.sh
 
-      - name: Install a different NumPy
-        shell: dash.exe -l "{0}"
-        run: |
-          python3 -m pip install -U 'numpy!=1.21.*'
-
       - name: Build
         shell: bash.exe -eo pipefail -o igncr "{0}"
         run: |
-          SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=stdlib .ci/build.sh
+          .ci/build.sh
 
       - name: Test
         run: |
@@ -88,7 +124,7 @@ jobs:
           dash.exe -c "mkdir -p Tests/errors"
 
       - name: Upload errors
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         if: failure()
         with:
           name: errors
@@ -97,13 +133,15 @@ jobs:
       - name: After success
         run: |
           bash.exe .ci/after_success.sh
+          rm C:\cygwin\bin\bash.EXE
 
       - name: Upload coverage
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
         with:
-          file: ./coverage.xml
+          files: ./coverage.xml
           flags: GHA_Cygwin
           name: Cygwin Python 3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}
 
   success:
     permissions:

.github/workflows/test-docker.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,23 @@
 name: Test Docker
 
-on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "**"
+    paths-ignore:
+      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels*"
+      - ".gitmodules"
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "wheels/**"
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels*"
+      - ".gitmodules"
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "wheels/**"
+  workflow_dispatch:
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -12,52 +29,55 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   build:
 
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
+        os: ["ubuntu-latest"]
         docker: [
           # Run slower jobs first to give them a headstart and reduce waiting time
-          ubuntu-22.04-jammy-arm64v8,
+          ubuntu-24.04-noble-ppc64le,
-          ubuntu-22.04-jammy-ppc64le,
+          ubuntu-24.04-noble-s390x,
-          ubuntu-22.04-jammy-s390x,
           # Then run the remainder
           alpine,
           amazon-2-amd64,
+          amazon-2023-amd64,
           arch,
-          centos-7-amd64,
-          centos-stream-8-amd64,
           centos-stream-9-amd64,
-          debian-10-buster-x86,
+          centos-stream-10-amd64,
-          debian-11-bullseye-x86,
+          debian-12-bookworm-x86,
-          fedora-36-amd64,
+          debian-12-bookworm-amd64,
-          fedora-37-amd64,
+          fedora-40-amd64,
+          fedora-41-amd64,
           gentoo,
-          ubuntu-18.04-bionic-amd64,
-          ubuntu-20.04-focal-amd64,
           ubuntu-22.04-jammy-amd64,
+          ubuntu-24.04-noble-amd64,
         ]
         dockerTag: [main]
         include:
-          - docker: "ubuntu-22.04-jammy-arm64v8"
+          - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-ppc64le"
-            qemu-arch: "aarch64"
-          - docker: "ubuntu-22.04-jammy-ppc64le"
             qemu-arch: "ppc64le"
-          - docker: "ubuntu-22.04-jammy-s390x"
+          - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-s390x"
             qemu-arch: "s390x"
+          - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-arm64v8"
+            os: "ubuntu-24.04-arm"
+            dockerTag: main
 
     name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Build system information
       run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py
 
     - name: Set up QEMU
       if: "matrix.qemu-arch"
-      run: |
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-        docker run --rm --privileged aptman/qus -s -- -p ${{ matrix.qemu-arch }}
+      with:
+        platforms: ${{ matrix.qemu-arch }}
 
     - name: Docker pull
       run: |
@@ -65,28 +85,29 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Docker build
       run: |
-        # The Pillow user in the docker container is UID 1000
+        # The Pillow user in the docker container is UID 1001
-        sudo chown -R 1000 $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
+        sudo chown -R 1001 $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
         docker run --name pillow_container  -v $GITHUB_WORKSPACE:/Pillow pythonpillow/${{ matrix.docker }}:${{ matrix.dockerTag }}
         sudo chown -R runner $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
 
     - name: After success
       run: |
-        PATH="$PATH:~/.local/bin"
         docker start pillow_container
+        sudo docker cp pillow_container:/Pillow /Pillow
+        sudo chown -R runner /Pillow
         pil_path=`docker exec pillow_container /vpy3/bin/python -c 'import os, PIL;print(os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(PIL.__file__)))'`
         docker stop pillow_container
         sudo mkdir -p $pil_path
         sudo cp src/PIL/*.py $pil_path
+        cd /Pillow
         .ci/after_success.sh
-      env:
-        MATRIX_DOCKER: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
       with:
         flags: GHA_Docker
         name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}
 
   success:
     permissions:

.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,23 @@
 name: Test MinGW
 
-on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "**"
+    paths-ignore:
+      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels*"
+      - ".gitmodules"
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "wheels/**"
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels*"
+      - ".gitmodules"
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "wheels/**"
+  workflow_dispatch:
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -9,34 +26,28 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+env:
+  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
+
 jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: windows-latest
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        mingw: ["MINGW32", "MINGW64"]
-        include:
-          - mingw: "MINGW32"
-            name: "MSYS2 MinGW 32-bit"
-            package: "mingw-w64-i686"
-          - mingw: "MINGW64"
-            name: "MSYS2 MinGW 64-bit"
-            package: "mingw-w64-x86_64"
 
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"
     env:
-      MSYSTEM: ${{ matrix.mingw }}
+      MSYSTEM: MINGW64
       CHERE_INVOKING: 1
 
     timeout-minutes: 30
-    name: ${{ matrix.name }}
+    name: "MinGW"
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout Pillow
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Set up shell
         run: echo "C:\msys64\usr\bin\" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
@@ -45,50 +56,38 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
           pacman -S --noconfirm \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-python3-cffi \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-freetype \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-python3-numpy \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-python3-olefile \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-ghostscript \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-python3-pip \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-lcms2 \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-python-pyqt6 \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-libimagequant \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-python3-setuptools \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-libjpeg-turbo \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-freetype \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-libraqm \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-gcc \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-libtiff \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-ghostscript \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-libwebp \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-lcms2 \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-openjpeg2 \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-libimagequant \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-numpy \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-libjpeg-turbo \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-olefile \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-libraqm \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pip \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-libtiff \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-libwebp \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest-cov \
-              ${{ matrix.package }}-openjpeg2 \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest-timeout \
-              subversion
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pyqt6
-
-          python3 -m pip install pyroma pytest pytest-cov pytest-timeout
 
           pushd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && popd
 
       - name: Build Pillow
-        run: CFLAGS="-coverage" python3 -m pip install --global-option="build_ext" .
+        run: CFLAGS="-coverage" python3 -m pip install .
 
       - name: Test Pillow
         run: |
           python3 selftest.py --installed
-          python3 -c "from PIL import Image"
+          .ci/test.sh
-          python3 -m pytest -vx --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests
 
       - name: Upload coverage
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
         with:
-          file: ./coverage.xml
+          files: ./coverage.xml
           flags: GHA_Windows
-          name: ${{ matrix.name }}
+          name: "MSYS2 MinGW"
-
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}
-  success:
-    permissions:
-      contents: none
-    needs: build
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: MinGW Test Successful
-    steps:
-      - name: Success
-        run: echo MinGW Test Successful

.github/workflows/test-valgrind.yml

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 name: Test Valgrind
 
-# like the docker tests, but running valgrind only on *.c/*.h changes.
+# like the Docker tests, but running valgrind only on *.c/*.h changes.
 
 on:
   push:
+    branches:
+      - "**"
     paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/test-valgrind.yml"
       - "**.c"
       - "**.h"
   pull_request:
     paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/test-valgrind.yml"
       - "**.c"
       - "**.h"
   workflow_dispatch:
@@ -35,7 +39,9 @@ jobs:
     name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Build system information
       run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py
@@ -46,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Build and Run Valgrind
       run: |
-        # The Pillow user in the docker container is UID 1000
+        # The Pillow user in the docker container is UID 1001
-        sudo chown -R 1000 $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
+        sudo chown -R 1001 $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
-        docker run --name pillow_container  -v $GITHUB_WORKSPACE:/Pillow pythonpillow/${{ matrix.docker }}:${{ matrix.dockerTag }}
+        docker run --name pillow_container -e "PILLOW_VALGRIND_TEST=true" -v $GITHUB_WORKSPACE:/Pillow pythonpillow/${{ matrix.docker }}:${{ matrix.dockerTag }}
         sudo chown -R runner $GITHUB_WORKSPACE

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,23 @@
 name: Test Windows
 
-on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "**"
+    paths-ignore:
+      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels*"
+      - ".gitmodules"
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "wheels/**"
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels*"
+      - ".gitmodules"
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "wheels/**"
+  workflow_dispatch:
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -9,40 +26,52 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+env:
+  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
+
 jobs:
   build:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
+        python-version: ["pypy3.11", "pypy3.10", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
-        architecture: ["x86", "x64"]
+        architecture: ["x64"]
+        os: ["windows-latest"]
         include:
-          # PyPy 7.3.4+ only ships 64-bit binaries for Windows
+            # Test the oldest Python on 32-bit
-          - python-version: "pypy3.8"
+            - { python-version: "3.9", architecture: "x86", os: "windows-2019" }
-            architecture: "x64"
-          - python-version: "pypy3.9"
-            architecture: "x64"
 
     timeout-minutes: 30
 
-    name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} ${{ matrix.architecture }}
+    name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} (${{ matrix.architecture }})
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Pillow
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Checkout cached dependencies
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
       with:
+        persist-credentials: false
         repository: python-pillow/pillow-depends
         path: winbuild\depends
 
+    - name: Checkout extra test images
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+        repository: python-pillow/test-images
+        path: Tests\test-images
+
     # sets env: pythonLocation
     - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        allow-prereleases: true
         architecture: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
         cache: pip
         cache-dependency-path: ".github/workflows/test-windows.yml"
@@ -50,19 +79,26 @@ jobs:
     - name: Print build system information
       run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py
 
-    - name: python3 -m pip install wheel pytest pytest-cov pytest-timeout defusedxml
+    - name: Upgrade pip
-      run: python3 -m pip install wheel pytest pytest-cov pytest-timeout defusedxml
+      run: |
+        python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
+
+    - name: Install CPython dependencies
+      if: "!contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy') && matrix.architecture != 'x86'"
+      run: |
+        python3 -m pip install PyQt6
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       id: install
       run: |
-        7z x winbuild\depends\nasm-2.15.05-win64.zip "-o$env:RUNNER_WORKSPACE\"
+        choco install nasm --no-progress
-        echo "$env:RUNNER_WORKSPACE\nasm-2.15.05" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
+        echo "C:\Program Files\NASM" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
 
-        winbuild\depends\gs1000w32.exe /S
+        choco install ghostscript --version=10.5.0 --no-progress
-        echo "C:\Program Files (x86)\gs\gs10.0.0\bin" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
+        echo "C:\Program Files\gs\gs10.05.0\bin" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
 
-        xcopy /S /Y winbuild\depends\test_images\* Tests\images\
+        # Install extra test images
+        xcopy /S /Y Tests\test-images\* Tests\images
 
         # make cache key depend on VS version
         & "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" `
@@ -72,7 +108,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Cache build
       id: build-cache
-      uses: actions/cache@v3
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
       with:
         path: winbuild\build
         key:
@@ -81,7 +117,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Prepare build
       if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
       run: |
-        & python.exe winbuild\build_prepare.py -v --python=$env:pythonLocation --srcdir
+        & python.exe winbuild\build_prepare.py -v
       shell: pwsh
 
     - name: Build dependencies / libjpeg-turbo
@@ -149,9 +185,8 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Build Pillow
       run: |
-        $FLAGS=""
+        $FLAGS="-C raqm=vendor -C fribidi=vendor"
-        if ('${{ github.event_name }}' -ne 'pull_request') { $FLAGS="--disable-imagequant" }
+        cmd /c "winbuild\build\build_env.cmd && $env:pythonLocation\python.exe -m pip install -v $FLAGS .[tests]"
-        & winbuild\build\build_pillow.cmd $FLAGS install
         & $env:pythonLocation\python.exe selftest.py --installed
       shell: pwsh
 
@@ -163,8 +198,8 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Test Pillow
       run: |
-        path %GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\\winbuild\\build\\bin;%PATH%
+        path %GITHUB_WORKSPACE%\winbuild\build\bin;%PATH%
-        python.exe -m pytest -vx -W always --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests
+        .ci\test.cmd
       shell: cmd
 
     - name: Prepare to upload errors
@@ -174,7 +209,7 @@ jobs:
       shell: bash
 
     - name: Upload errors
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       if: failure()
       with:
         name: errors
@@ -186,51 +221,12 @@ jobs:
       shell: pwsh
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
       with:
-        file: ./coverage.xml
+        files: ./coverage.xml
         flags: GHA_Windows
-        name: ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} ${{ matrix.architecture }}
+        name: ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}
-    - name: Build wheel
-      id: wheel
-      if: "github.event_name != 'pull_request'"
-      run: |
-        mkdir fribidi\${{ matrix.architecture }}
-        copy winbuild\build\bin\fribidi* fribidi\${{ matrix.architecture }}
-        setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
-        for %%f in (winbuild\build\license\*) do (
-          set x=%%~nf
-          rem Skip FriBiDi license, it is not included in the wheel.
-          set fribidi=!x:~0,7!
-          if NOT !fribidi!==fribidi (
-            rem Skip imagequant license, it is not included in the wheel.
-            set libimagequant=!x:~0,13!
-            if NOT !libimagequant!==libimagequant (
-              echo. >> LICENSE
-              echo ===== %%~nf ===== >> LICENSE
-              echo. >> LICENSE
-              type %%f >> LICENSE
-            )
-          )
-        )
-        for /f "tokens=3 delims=/" %%a in ("${{ github.ref }}") do echo dist=dist-%%a >> %GITHUB_OUTPUT%
-        winbuild\\build\\build_pillow.cmd --disable-imagequant bdist_wheel
-      shell: cmd
-
-    - name: Upload wheel
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
-      if: "github.event_name != 'pull_request'"
-      with:
-        name: ${{ steps.wheel.outputs.dist }}
-        path: dist\*.whl
-
-    - name: Upload fribidi.dll
-      if: "github.event_name != 'pull_request' && matrix.python-version == 3.11"
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
-      with:
-        name: fribidi
-        path: fribidi\*
 
   success:
     permissions:

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,23 @@
 name: Test
 
-on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "**"
+    paths-ignore:
+      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels*"
+      - ".gitmodules"
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "wheels/**"
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheels*"
+      - ".gitmodules"
+      - "docs/**"
+      - "wheels/**"
+  workflow_dispatch:
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -9,6 +26,10 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+env:
+  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
+  FORCE_COLOR: 1
+
 jobs:
   build:
 
@@ -20,43 +41,67 @@ jobs:
           "ubuntu-latest",
         ]
         python-version: [
-          "pypy3.9",
+          "pypy3.11",
-          "pypy3.8",
+          "pypy3.10",
+          "3.14",
+          "3.13t",
+          "3.13",
+          "3.12",
           "3.11",
           "3.10",
           "3.9",
-          "3.8",
-          "3.7",
         ]
         include:
-        - python-version: "3.7"
+        - { python-version: "3.11", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 1, REVERSE: "--reverse" }
-          PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 1
+        - { python-version: "3.10", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2 }
-          REVERSE: "--reverse"
+        # Free-threaded
-        - python-version: "3.8"
+        - { python-version: "3.13t", disable-gil: true }
-          PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2
+        # M1 only available for 3.10+
+        - { os: "macos-13", python-version: "3.9" }
+        exclude:
+        - { os: "macos-latest", python-version: "3.9" }
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      uses: Quansight-Labs/setup-python@v5
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        allow-prereleases: true
         cache: pip
-        cache-dependency-path: ".ci/*.sh"
+        cache-dependency-path: |
+          ".ci/*.sh"
+          "pyproject.toml"
+
+    - name: Set PYTHON_GIL
+      if: "${{ matrix.disable-gil }}"
+      run: |
+        echo "PYTHON_GIL=0" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
     - name: Build system information
       run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py
 
+    - name: Cache libimagequant
+      if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
+      id: cache-libimagequant
+      with:
+        path: ~/cache-libimagequant
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-libimagequant-${{ hashFiles('depends/install_imagequant.sh') }}
+
     - name: Install Linux dependencies
       if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')
       run: |
         .ci/install.sh
       env:
         GHA_PYTHON_VERSION: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        GHA_LIBIMAGEQUANT_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.cache-libimagequant.outputs.cache-hit }}
 
     - name: Install macOS dependencies
       if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'macOS')
@@ -65,6 +110,10 @@ jobs:
       env:
         GHA_PYTHON_VERSION: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
+    - name: Register gcc problem matcher
+      if: "matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.python-version == '3.13'"
+      run: echo "::add-matcher::.github/problem-matchers/gcc.json"
+
     - name: Build
       run: |
         .ci/build.sh
@@ -75,7 +124,9 @@ jobs:
           python3 -m pip install pytest-reverse
         fi
         if [ "${{ matrix.os }}" = "ubuntu-latest" ]; then
-          xvfb-run -s '-screen 0 1024x768x24' .ci/test.sh
+          xvfb-run -s '-screen 0 1024x768x24' sway&
+          export WAYLAND_DISPLAY=wayland-1
+          .ci/test.sh
         else
           .ci/test.sh
         fi
@@ -89,27 +140,22 @@ jobs:
         mkdir -p Tests/errors
 
     - name: Upload errors
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       if: failure()
       with:
         name: errors
         path: Tests/errors
 
-    - name: Docs
-      if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu') && matrix.python-version == 3.11
-      run: |
-        make doccheck
-
     - name: After success
       run: |
         .ci/after_success.sh
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
       with:
-        file: ./coverage.xml
+        flags: ${{ matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && 'GHA_Ubuntu' || 'GHA_macOS' }}
-        flags: ${{ matrix.os == 'macos-latest' && 'GHA_macOS' || 'GHA_Ubuntu' }}
         name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}
 
   success:
     permissions:

.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Setup that needs to be done before multibuild utils are invoked
+PROJECTDIR=$(pwd)
+if [[ "$(uname -s)" == "Darwin" ]]; then
+    # Safety check - macOS builds require that CIBW_ARCHS is set, and that it
+    # only contains a single value (even though cibuildwheel allows multiple
+    # values in CIBW_ARCHS).
+    if [[ -z "$CIBW_ARCHS" ]]; then
+        echo "ERROR: Pillow macOS builds require CIBW_ARCHS be defined."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    if [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == *" "* ]]; then
+        echo "ERROR: Pillow macOS builds only support a single architecture in CIBW_ARCHS."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    # Build macOS dependencies in `build/darwin`
+    # Install them into `build/deps/darwin`
+    WORKDIR=$(pwd)/build/darwin
+    BUILD_PREFIX=$(pwd)/build/deps/darwin
+else
+    # Build prefix will default to /usr/local
+    WORKDIR=$(pwd)/build
+    MB_ML_LIBC=${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}
+    MB_ML_VER=${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY:9}
+fi
+PLAT=$CIBW_ARCHS
+
+# Define custom utilities
+source wheels/multibuild/common_utils.sh
+source wheels/multibuild/library_builders.sh
+if [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+    source wheels/multibuild/manylinux_utils.sh
+fi
+
+ARCHIVE_SDIR=pillow-depends-main
+
+# Package versions for fresh source builds
+FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.3
+HARFBUZZ_VERSION=10.4.0
+LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.47
+JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.1.0
+OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.3
+XZ_VERSION=5.6.4
+TIFF_VERSION=4.7.0
+LCMS2_VERSION=2.17
+ZLIB_NG_VERSION=2.2.4
+LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.5.0
+BZIP2_VERSION=1.0.8
+LIBXCB_VERSION=1.17.0
+BROTLI_VERSION=1.1.0
+
+function build_pkg_config {
+    if [ -e pkg-config-stamp ]; then return; fi
+    # This essentially duplicates the Homebrew recipe
+    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wno-int-conversion" build_simple pkg-config 0.29.2 https://pkg-config.freedesktop.org/releases tar.gz \
+        --disable-debug --disable-host-tool --with-internal-glib \
+        --with-pc-path=$BUILD_PREFIX/share/pkgconfig:$BUILD_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig \
+        --with-system-include-path=$(xcrun --show-sdk-path --sdk macosx)/usr/include
+    export PKG_CONFIG=$BUILD_PREFIX/bin/pkg-config
+    touch pkg-config-stamp
+}
+
+function build_zlib_ng {
+    if [ -e zlib-stamp ]; then return; fi
+    fetch_unpack https://github.com/zlib-ng/zlib-ng/archive/$ZLIB_NG_VERSION.tar.gz zlib-ng-$ZLIB_NG_VERSION.tar.gz
+    (cd zlib-ng-$ZLIB_NG_VERSION \
+        && ./configure --prefix=$BUILD_PREFIX --zlib-compat \
+        && make -j4 \
+        && make install)
+
+    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+        # Ensure that on macOS, the library name is an absolute path, not an
+        # @rpath, so that delocate picks up the right library (and doesn't need
+        # DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH to be set). The default Makefile doesn't have an
+        # option to control the install_name.
+        install_name_tool -id $BUILD_PREFIX/lib/libz.1.dylib $BUILD_PREFIX/lib/libz.1.dylib
+    fi
+    touch zlib-stamp
+}
+
+function build_brotli {
+    if [ -e brotli-stamp ]; then return; fi
+    local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/google/brotli/archive/v$BROTLI_VERSION.tar.gz brotli-$BROTLI_VERSION.tar.gz)
+    (cd $out_dir \
+        && cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$BUILD_PREFIX -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib -DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib . \
+        && make install)
+    touch brotli-stamp
+}
+
+function build_harfbuzz {
+    if [ -e harfbuzz-stamp ]; then return; fi
+    python3 -m pip install meson ninja
+
+    local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/releases/download/$HARFBUZZ_VERSION/harfbuzz-$HARFBUZZ_VERSION.tar.xz harfbuzz-$HARFBUZZ_VERSION.tar.xz)
+    (cd $out_dir \
+        && meson setup build --prefix=$BUILD_PREFIX --libdir=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib --buildtype=release -Dfreetype=enabled -Dglib=disabled)
+    (cd $out_dir/build \
+        && meson install)
+    touch harfbuzz-stamp
+}
+
+function build {
+    build_xz
+    if [ -z "$IS_ALPINE" ] && [ -z "$SANITIZER" ] && [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+        yum remove -y zlib-devel
+    fi
+    build_zlib_ng
+
+    build_simple xcb-proto 1.17.0 https://xorg.freedesktop.org/archive/individual/proto
+    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+        build_simple xorgproto 2024.1 https://www.x.org/pub/individual/proto
+        build_simple libXau 1.0.12 https://www.x.org/pub/individual/lib
+        build_simple libpthread-stubs 0.5 https://xcb.freedesktop.org/dist
+    else
+        sed s/\${pc_sysrootdir\}// $BUILD_PREFIX/share/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc > $BUILD_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc
+    fi
+    build_simple libxcb $LIBXCB_VERSION https://www.x.org/releases/individual/lib
+
+    build_libjpeg_turbo
+    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+        # Custom tiff build to include jpeg; by default, configure won't include
+        # headers/libs in the custom macOS prefix. Explicitly disable webp,
+        # libdeflate and zstd, because on x86_64 macs, it will pick up the
+        # Homebrew versions of those libraries from /usr/local.
+        build_simple tiff $TIFF_VERSION https://download.osgeo.org/libtiff tar.gz \
+            --with-jpeg-include-dir=$BUILD_PREFIX/include --with-jpeg-lib-dir=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib \
+            --disable-webp --disable-libdeflate --disable-zstd
+    else
+        build_tiff
+    fi
+
+    build_libpng
+    build_lcms2
+    build_openjpeg
+
+    webp_cflags="-O3 -DNDEBUG"
+    if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
+        webp_cflags="$webp_cflags -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names"
+    fi
+    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $webp_cflags" build_simple libwebp $LIBWEBP_VERSION \
+        https://storage.googleapis.com/downloads.webmproject.org/releases/webp tar.gz \
+        --enable-libwebpmux --enable-libwebpdemux
+
+    build_brotli
+
+    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+        # Custom freetype build
+        build_simple freetype $FREETYPE_VERSION https://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype tar.gz --with-harfbuzz=no
+    else
+        build_freetype
+    fi
+
+    build_harfbuzz
+}
+
+# Perform all dependency builds in the build subfolder.
+mkdir -p $WORKDIR
+pushd $WORKDIR > /dev/null
+
+# Any stuff that you need to do before you start building the wheels
+# Runs in the root directory of this repository.
+if [[ ! -d $WORKDIR/pillow-depends-main ]]; then
+  if [[ ! -f $PROJECTDIR/pillow-depends-main.zip ]]; then
+    echo "Download pillow dependency sources..."
+    curl -fSL -o $PROJECTDIR/pillow-depends-main.zip https://github.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/archive/main.zip
+  fi
+  echo "Unpacking pillow dependency sources..."
+  untar $PROJECTDIR/pillow-depends-main.zip
+fi
+
+if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
+    # Homebrew (or similar packaging environments) install can contain some of
+    # the libraries that we're going to build. However, they may be compiled
+    # with a MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET that doesn't match what we want to use,
+    # and they may bring in other dependencies that we don't want. The same will
+    # be true of any other locations on the path. To avoid conflicts, strip the
+    # path down to the bare minimum (which, on macOS, won't include any
+    # development dependencies).
+    export PATH="$BUILD_PREFIX/bin:$(dirname $(which python3)):/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin"
+    export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$BUILD_PREFIX
+
+    # Ensure the basic structure of the build prefix directory exists.
+    mkdir -p "$BUILD_PREFIX/bin"
+    mkdir -p "$BUILD_PREFIX/lib"
+
+    # Ensure pkg-config is available
+    build_pkg_config
+    # Ensure cmake is available
+    python3 -m pip install cmake
+fi
+
+wrap_wheel_builder build
+
+# Return to the project root to finish the build
+popd > /dev/null
+
+# Append licenses
+for filename in wheels/dependency_licenses/*; do
+  echo -e "\n\n----\n\n$(basename $filename | cut -f 1 -d '.')\n" | cat >> LICENSE
+  cat $filename >> LICENSE
+done

.github/workflows/wheels-test.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+param ([string]$venv, [string]$pillow="C:\pillow")
+$ErrorActionPreference  = 'Stop'
+$ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue'
+Set-PSDebug -Trace 1
+if ("$venv" -like "*\cibw-run-*\pp*-win_amd64\*") {
+    # unlike CPython, PyPy requires Visual C++ Redistributable to be installed
+    [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
+    Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'https://aka.ms/vs/15/release/vc_redist.x64.exe' -OutFile 'vc_redist.x64.exe'
+    C:\vc_redist.x64.exe /install /quiet /norestart | Out-Null
+}
+$env:path += ";$pillow\winbuild\build\bin\"
+& "$venv\Scripts\activate.ps1"
+& reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\python.exe" /v "GlobalFlag" /t REG_SZ /d "0x02000000" /f
+if ("$venv" -like "*\cibw-run-*-win_amd64\*") {
+  & python -m pip install numpy
+}
+cd $pillow
+& python -VV
+if (!$?) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+& python selftest.py
+if (!$?) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+& python -m pytest -vx Tests\check_wheel.py
+if (!$?) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+& python -m pytest -vx Tests
+if (!$?) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }

.github/workflows/wheels-test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+# Ensure fribidi is installed by the system.
+if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
+    # If Homebrew is on the path during the build, it may leak into the wheels.
+    # However, we *do* need Homebrew to provide a copy of fribidi for
+    # testing purposes so that we can verify the fribidi shim works as expected.
+    if [[ "$(uname -m)" == "x86_64" ]]; then
+        HOMEBREW_PREFIX=/usr/local
+    else
+        HOMEBREW_PREFIX=/opt/homebrew
+    fi
+    $HOMEBREW_PREFIX/bin/brew install fribidi
+
+    # Add the lib folder for fribidi so that the vendored library can be found.
+    # Don't use $HOMEWBREW_PREFIX/lib directly - use the lib folder where the
+    # installed copy of fribidi is cellared. This ensures we don't pick up the
+    # Homebrew version of any other library that we're dependent on (most notably,
+    # freetype).
+    export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(dirname $(realpath $HOMEBREW_PREFIX/lib/libfribidi.dylib))
+elif [ "${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}" == "musllinux" ]; then
+    apk add curl fribidi
+else
+    yum install -y fribidi
+fi
+
+python3 -m pip install numpy
+
+if [ ! -d "test-images-main" ]; then
+    curl -fsSL -o pillow-test-images.zip https://github.com/python-pillow/test-images/archive/main.zip
+    unzip pillow-test-images.zip
+    mv test-images-main/* Tests/images
+fi
+
+# Runs tests
+python3 selftest.py
+python3 -m pytest Tests/check_wheel.py
+python3 -m pytest

.github/workflows/wheels.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+name: Wheels
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+  #        ┌───────────── minute (0 - 59)
+  #        │  ┌───────────── hour (0 - 23)
+  #        │  │ ┌───────────── day of the month (1 - 31)
+  #        │  │ │ ┌───────────── month (1 - 12 or JAN-DEC)
+  #        │  │ │ │ ┌───────────── day of the week (0 - 6 or SUN-SAT)
+  #        │  │ │ │ │
+  - cron: "42 1 * * 0,3"
+  push:
+    paths:
+      - ".ci/requirements-cibw.txt"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheel*"
+      - "pyproject.toml"
+      - "setup.py"
+      - "wheels/*"
+      - "winbuild/build_prepare.py"
+      - "winbuild/fribidi.cmake"
+    tags:
+      - "*"
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - ".ci/requirements-cibw.txt"
+      - ".github/workflows/wheel*"
+      - "pyproject.toml"
+      - "setup.py"
+      - "wheels/*"
+      - "winbuild/build_prepare.py"
+      - "winbuild/fribidi.cmake"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  FORCE_COLOR: 1
+
+jobs:
+  build-native-wheels:
+    if: github.event_name != 'schedule' || github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow'
+    name: ${{ matrix.name }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: "macOS 10.10 x86_64"
+            os: macos-13
+            cibw_arch: x86_64
+            build: "cp3{9,10,11}*"
+            macosx_deployment_target: "10.10"
+          - name: "macOS 10.13 x86_64"
+            os: macos-13
+            cibw_arch: x86_64
+            build: "cp3{12,13}*"
+            macosx_deployment_target: "10.13"
+          - name: "macOS 10.15 x86_64"
+            os: macos-13
+            cibw_arch: x86_64
+            build: "pp3*"
+            macosx_deployment_target: "10.15"
+          - name: "macOS arm64"
+            os: macos-latest
+            cibw_arch: arm64
+            macosx_deployment_target: "11.0"
+          - name: "manylinux2014 and musllinux x86_64"
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+            cibw_arch: x86_64
+          - name: "manylinux_2_28 x86_64"
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+            cibw_arch: x86_64
+            build: "*manylinux*"
+            manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
+          - name: "manylinux2014 and musllinux aarch64"
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            cibw_arch: aarch64
+          - name: "manylinux_2_28 aarch64"
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            cibw_arch: aarch64
+            build: "*manylinux*"
+            manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          submodules: true
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.x"
+
+      - name: Install cibuildwheel
+        run: |
+          python3 -m pip install -r .ci/requirements-cibw.txt
+
+      - name: Build wheels
+        run: |
+          python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
+        env:
+          CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
+          CIBW_BUILD: ${{ matrix.build }}
+          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading pypy
+          CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
+          CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
+          CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
+          CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
+          CIBW_SKIP: pp39-*
+          MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: ${{ matrix.macosx_deployment_target }}
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: dist-${{ matrix.os }}${{ matrix.macosx_deployment_target && format('-{0}', matrix.macosx_deployment_target) }}-${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}${{ matrix.manylinux && format('-{0}', matrix.manylinux) }}
+          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
+
+  windows:
+    if: github.event_name != 'schedule' || github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow'
+    name: Windows ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - cibw_arch: x86
+          - cibw_arch: AMD64
+          - cibw_arch: ARM64
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Checkout extra test images
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          repository: python-pillow/test-images
+          path: Tests\test-images
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.x"
+
+      - name: Install cibuildwheel
+        run: |
+          python.exe -m pip install -r .ci/requirements-cibw.txt
+
+      - name: Prepare for build
+        run: |
+          choco install nasm --no-progress
+          echo "C:\Program Files\NASM" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
+
+          # Install extra test images
+          xcopy /S /Y Tests\test-images\* Tests\images
+
+          & python.exe winbuild\build_prepare.py -v --no-imagequant --architecture=${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
+        shell: pwsh
+
+      - name: Build wheels
+        run: |
+          setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
+          for %%f in (winbuild\build\license\*) do (
+            set x=%%~nf
+            rem Skip FriBiDi license, it is not included in the wheel.
+            set fribidi=!x:~0,7!
+            if NOT !fribidi!==fribidi (
+              rem Skip imagequant license, it is not included in the wheel.
+              set libimagequant=!x:~0,13!
+              if NOT !libimagequant!==libimagequant (
+                echo. >> LICENSE
+                echo ===== %%~nf ===== >> LICENSE
+                echo. >> LICENSE
+                type %%f >> LICENSE
+              )
+            )
+          )
+          call winbuild\\build\\build_env.cmd
+          %pythonLocation%\python.exe -m cibuildwheel . --output-dir wheelhouse
+        env:
+          CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
+          CIBW_BEFORE_ALL: "{package}\\winbuild\\build\\build_dep_all.cmd"
+          CIBW_CACHE_PATH: "C:\\cibw"
+          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading pypy
+          CIBW_SKIP: pp39-*
+          CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*-win_arm64"
+          CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: 'docker run --rm
+            -v {project}:C:\pillow
+            -v C:\cibw:C:\cibw
+            -v %CD%\..\venv-test:%CD%\..\venv-test
+            -e CI -e GITHUB_ACTIONS
+            mcr.microsoft.com/windows/servercore:ltsc2022
+            powershell C:\pillow\.github\workflows\wheels-test.ps1 %CD%\..\venv-test'
+        shell: cmd
+
+      - name: Upload wheels
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: dist-windows-${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
+          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
+
+      - name: Upload fribidi.dll
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: fribidi-windows-${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
+          path: winbuild\build\bin\fribidi*
+
+  sdist:
+    if: github.event_name != 'schedule'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+
+    - name: Set up Python
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.x"
+
+    - run: make sdist
+
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      with:
+        name: dist-sdist
+        path: dist/*.tar.gz
+
+  scientific-python-nightly-wheels-publish:
+    if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow' && (github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
+    needs: [build-native-wheels, windows]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    name: Upload wheels to scientific-python-nightly-wheels
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: dist-*
+          path: dist
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Upload wheels to scientific-python-nightly-wheels
+        uses: scientific-python/upload-nightly-action@82396a2ed4269ba06c6b2988bb4fd568ef3c3d6b # 0.6.1
+        with:
+          artifacts_path: dist
+          anaconda_nightly_upload_token: ${{ secrets.ANACONDA_ORG_UPLOAD_TOKEN }}
+
+  pypi-publish:
+    if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow' && github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags')
+    needs: [build-native-wheels, windows, sdist]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    name: Upload release to PyPI
+    environment:
+      name: release-pypi
+      url: https://pypi.org/p/Pillow
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: dist-*
+          path: dist
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Publish to PyPI
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+        with:
+          attestations: true

.gitignore

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ lib64/
 parts/
 sdist/
 var/
+wheelhouse/
 *.egg-info/
 .installed.cfg
 *.egg
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ docs/_build/
 # JetBrains
 .idea
 
-# Extra test images installed from pillow-depends/test_images
+# Extra test images installed from python-pillow/test-images
 Tests/images/README.md
 Tests/images/crash_1.tif
 Tests/images/crash_2.tif
@@ -90,5 +91,9 @@ Tests/images/msp
 Tests/images/picins
 Tests/images/sunraster
 
+# Test and dependency downloads
+pillow-depends-main.zip
+pillow-test-images.zip
+
 # pyinstaller
 *.spec

.gitmodules

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[submodule "multibuild"]
+    path = wheels/multibuild
+    url = https://github.com/multi-build/multibuild.git

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,65 +1,91 @@
 repos:
-  - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
+  - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: 22.12.0
+    rev: v0.9.9
+    hooks:
+      - id: ruff
+        args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
+    rev: 25.1.0
     hooks:
       - id: black
-        args: [--target-version=py37]
-        # Only .py files, until https://github.com/psf/black/issues/402 resolved
-        files: \.py$
-        types: []
-
-  - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
-    rev: 5.11.1
-    hooks:
-      - id: isort
 
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit
-    rev: 1.7.4
+    rev: 1.8.3
     hooks:
     - id: bandit
       args: [--severity-level=high]
       files: ^src/
 
-  - repo: https://github.com/asottile/yesqa
-    rev: v1.4.0
-    hooks:
-      - id: yesqa
-
   - repo: https://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v1.3.1
+    rev: v1.5.5
     hooks:
       - id: remove-tabs
-        exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.opt$)
+        exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.gd$|\.opt$)
 
-  - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: 6.0.0
+    rev: v19.1.7
     hooks:
-      - id: flake8
+      - id: clang-format
-        additional_dependencies:
+        types: [c]
-          [flake8-2020, flake8-errmsg, flake8-implicit-str-concat]
+        exclude: ^src/thirdparty/
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pygrep-hooks
-    rev: v1.9.0
+    rev: v1.10.0
     hooks:
-      - id: python-check-blanket-noqa
       - id: rst-backticks
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v4.4.0
+    rev: v5.0.0
     hooks:
+      - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
+      - id: check-shebang-scripts-are-executable
       - id: check-merge-conflict
       - id: check-json
+      - id: check-toml
       - id: check-yaml
+      - id: end-of-file-fixer
+        exclude: ^Tests/images/
+      - id: trailing-whitespace
+        exclude: ^.github/.*TEMPLATE|^Tests/(fonts|images)/
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
+    rev: 0.31.2
+    hooks:
+      - id: check-github-workflows
+      - id: check-readthedocs
+      - id: check-renovate
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/woodruffw/zizmor-pre-commit
+    rev: v1.4.1
+    hooks:
+      - id: zizmor
 
   - repo: https://github.com/sphinx-contrib/sphinx-lint
-    rev: v0.6.7
+    rev: v1.0.0
     hooks:
       - id: sphinx-lint
 
+  - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt
+    rev: v2.5.1
+    hooks:
+      - id: pyproject-fmt
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
+    rev: v0.23
+    hooks:
+      - id: validate-pyproject
+        additional_dependencies: [trove-classifiers>=2024.10.12]
+
   - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/tox-ini-fmt
-    rev: 0.5.2
+    rev: 1.5.0
     hooks:
       - id: tox-ini-fmt
 
+  - repo: meta
+    hooks:
+      - id: check-hooks-apply
+      - id: check-useless-excludes
+
 ci:
   autoupdate_schedule: monthly

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,19 @@
 version: 2
 
+sphinx:
+  configuration: docs/conf.py
+
+formats: [pdf]
+
+build:
+  os: ubuntu-lts-latest
+  tools:
+    python: "3"
+  jobs:
+    post_checkout:
+    - git remote add upstream https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow.git # For forks
+    - git fetch upstream --tags
+
 python:
   install:
     - method: pip

LICENSE

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 The Python Imaging Library (PIL) is
 
     Copyright © 1997-2011 by Secret Labs AB
-    Copyright © 1995-2011 by Fredrik Lundh
+    Copyright © 1995-2011 by Fredrik Lundh and contributors
 
 Pillow is the friendly PIL fork. It is
 
-    Copyright © 2010-2022 by Alex Clark and contributors
+    Copyright © 2010 by Jeffrey A. Clark and contributors
 
-Like PIL, Pillow is licensed under the open source HPND License:
+Like PIL, Pillow is licensed under the open source MIT-CMU License:
 
 By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its associated
 documentation, you agree that you have read, understood, and will comply
 with the following terms and conditions:
 
-Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
+Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
-associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
+documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
 provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies, and that
 both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
 documentation, and that the name of Secret Labs AB or the author not be

MANIFEST.in

@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ include *.md
 include *.py
 include *.rst
 include *.sh
+include *.toml
 include *.txt
 include *.yaml
+include .flake8
 include LICENSE
 include Makefile
 include tox.ini
@@ -15,9 +17,9 @@ graft src
 graft depends
 graft winbuild
 graft docs
+graft _custom_build
 
 # build/src control detritus
-exclude .appveyor.yml
 exclude .clang-format
 exclude .coveragerc
 exclude .editorconfig
@@ -28,3 +30,4 @@ global-exclude .git*
 global-exclude *.pyc
 global-exclude *.so
 prune .ci
+prune wheels

Makefile

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 .PHONY: clean
 clean:
-	python3 setup.py clean
 	rm src/PIL/*.so || true
 	rm -r build || true
 	find . -name __pycache__ | xargs rm -r || true
@@ -16,10 +15,14 @@ coverage:
 	python3 -m coverage report
 
 .PHONY: doc
-doc:
+.PHONY: html
-	python3 -c "import PIL" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install .
+doc html:
 	$(MAKE) -C docs html
 
+.PHONY: htmlview
+htmlview:
+	$(MAKE) -C docs htmlview
+
 .PHONY: doccheck
 doccheck:
 	$(MAKE) doc
@@ -38,19 +41,15 @@ help:
 	@echo "  coverage           run coverage test (in progress)"
 	@echo "  doc                make HTML docs"
 	@echo "  docserve           run an HTTP server on the docs directory"
-	@echo "  html               to make standalone HTML files"
+	@echo "  html               make HTML docs"
-	@echo "  inplace            make inplace extension"
+	@echo "  htmlview           open the index page built by the html target in your browser"
 	@echo "  install            make and install"
 	@echo "  install-coverage   make and install with C coverage"
 	@echo "  lint               run the lint checks"
-	@echo "  lint-fix           run Black and isort to (mostly) fix lint issues"
+	@echo "  lint-fix           run Ruff to (mostly) fix lint issues"
 	@echo "  release-test       run code and package tests before release"
 	@echo "  test               run tests on installed Pillow"
 
-.PHONY: inplace
-inplace: clean
-	python3 -m pip install -e --global-option="build_ext" --global-option="--inplace" .
-
 .PHONY: install
 install:
 	python3 -m pip -v install .
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ install:
 
 .PHONY: install-coverage
 install-coverage:
-	CFLAGS="-coverage -Werror=implicit-function-declaration" python3 -m pip -v install --global-option="build_ext" .
+	CFLAGS="-coverage -Werror=implicit-function-declaration" python3 -m pip -v install .
 	python3 selftest.py
 
 .PHONY: debug
@@ -67,16 +66,15 @@ debug:
 # for our stuff, kills optimization, and redirects to dev null so we
 # see any build failures.
 	make clean > /dev/null
-	CFLAGS='-g -O0' python3 -m pip -v install --global-option="build_ext" . > /dev/null
+	CFLAGS='-g -O0' python3 -m pip -v install . > /dev/null
 
 .PHONY: release-test
 release-test:
+	python3 Tests/check_release_notes.py
 	python3 -m pip install -e .[tests]
 	python3 selftest.py
 	python3 -m pytest Tests
 	python3 -m pip install .
-	-rm dist/*.egg
-	-rmdir dist
 	python3 -m pytest -qq
 	python3 -m check_manifest
 	python3 -m pyroma .
@@ -115,6 +113,11 @@ lint:
 .PHONY: lint-fix
 lint-fix:
 	python3 -c "import black" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install black
-	python3 -c "import isort" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install isort
+	python3 -m black .
-	python3 -m black --target-version py37 .
+	python3 -c "import ruff" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install ruff
-	python3 -m isort .
+	python3 -m ruff check --fix .
+
+.PHONY: mypy
+mypy:
+	python3 -c "import tox" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install tox
+	python3 -m tox -e mypy

README.md

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 ## Python Imaging Library (Fork)
 
-Pillow is the friendly PIL fork by [Alex Clark and
+Pillow is the friendly PIL fork by [Jeffrey A. Clark and
-Contributors](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/graphs/contributors).
+contributors](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/graphs/contributors).
-PIL is the Python Imaging Library by Fredrik Lundh and Contributors.
+PIL is the Python Imaging Library by Fredrik Lundh and contributors.
 As of 2019, Pillow development is
 [supported by Tidelift](https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-pillow?utm_source=pypi-pillow&utm_medium=readme&utm_campaign=enterprise).
 
@@ -42,19 +42,13 @@ As of 2019, Pillow development is
             <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-docker.yml"><img
                 alt="GitHub Actions build status (Test Docker)"
                 src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20Docker/badge.svg"></a>
-            <a href="https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow"><img
+            <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml"><img
-                alt="AppVeyor CI build status (Windows)"
+                alt="GitHub Actions build status (Wheels)"
-                src="https://img.shields.io/appveyor/build/python-pillow/Pillow/main.svg?label=Windows%20build"></a>
+                src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Wheels/badge.svg"></a>
-            <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/pillow-wheels/actions"><img
-                alt="GitHub Actions wheels build status (Wheels)"
-                src="https://github.com/python-pillow/pillow-wheels/workflows/Wheels/badge.svg"></a>
-            <a href="https://app.travis-ci.com/github/python-pillow/pillow-wheels"><img
-                alt="Travis CI wheels build status (aarch64)"
-                src="https://img.shields.io/travis/com/python-pillow/pillow-wheels/main.svg?label=aarch64%20wheels"></a>
             <a href="https://app.codecov.io/gh/python-pillow/Pillow"><img
                 alt="Code coverage"
                 src="https://codecov.io/gh/python-pillow/Pillow/branch/main/graph/badge.svg"></a>
-            <a href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:pillow"><img
+            <a href="https://issues.oss-fuzz.com/issues?q=title:pillow"><img
                 alt="Fuzzing Status"
                 src="https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/pillow.svg"></a>
         </td>
@@ -67,16 +61,16 @@ As of 2019, Pillow development is
                 src="https://zenodo.org/badge/17549/python-pillow/Pillow.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-pillow?utm_source=pypi-pillow&utm_medium=badge"><img
                 alt="Tidelift"
-                src="https://tidelift.com/badges/package/pypi/Pillow?style=flat"></a>
+                src="https://tidelift.com/badges/package/pypi/pillow?style=flat"></a>
-            <a href="https://pypi.org/project/Pillow/"><img
+            <a href="https://pypi.org/project/pillow/"><img
                 alt="Newest PyPI version"
                 src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pillow.svg"></a>
-            <a href="https://pypi.org/project/Pillow/"><img
+            <a href="https://pypi.org/project/pillow/"><img
                 alt="Number of PyPI downloads"
                 src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/pillow.svg"></a>
-            <a href="https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/6331"><img
+            <a href="https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/6331"><img
                 alt="OpenSSF Best Practices"
-                src="https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/6331/badge"></a>
+                src="https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/6331/badge"></a>
         </td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
@@ -85,9 +79,10 @@ As of 2019, Pillow development is
             <a href="https://gitter.im/python-pillow/Pillow?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge"><img
                 alt="Join the chat at https://gitter.im/python-pillow/Pillow"
                 src="https://badges.gitter.im/python-pillow/Pillow.svg"></a>
-            <a href="https://twitter.com/PythonPillow"><img
+            <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@pillow"><img
-                alt="Follow on https://twitter.com/PythonPillow"
+                alt="Follow on https://fosstodon.org/@pillow"
-                src="https://img.shields.io/badge/tweet-on%20Twitter-00aced.svg"></a>
+                src="https://img.shields.io/badge/publish-on%20Mastodon-595aff.svg"
+                rel="me"></a>
         </td>
     </tr>
 </table>
@@ -103,13 +98,13 @@ The core image library is designed for fast access to data stored in a few basic
 ## More Information
 
 - [Documentation](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/)
-  - [Installation](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html)
+  - [Installation](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation/basic-installation.html)
   - [Handbook](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/handbook/index.html)
 - [Contribute](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
   - [Issues](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues)
   - [Pull requests](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pulls)
 - [Release notes](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/index.html)
-- [Changelog](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/CHANGES.rst)
+- [Changelog](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases)
   - [Pre-fork](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/CHANGES.rst#pre-fork)
 
 ## Report a Vulnerability

RELEASING.md

@@ -9,65 +9,54 @@ Released quarterly on January 2nd, April 1st, July 1st and October 15th.
 
 * [ ] Open a release ticket e.g. https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/3154
 * [ ] Develop and prepare release in `main` branch.
-* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow) to confirm passing tests in `main` branch.
+* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) to confirm passing tests in `main` branch.
-* [ ] Check that all of the wheel builds [Pillow Wheel Builder](https://github.com/python-pillow/pillow-wheels) pass the tests in Travis CI and GitHub Actions.
+* [ ] Check that all the wheel builds pass the tests in the [GitHub Actions "Wheels" workflow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml) jobs by manually triggering them.
-* [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0440/), update version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
+* [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/), update version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
-* [ ] Update `CHANGES.rst`.
 * [ ] Run pre-release check via `make release-test` in a freshly cloned repo.
 * [ ] Create branch and tag for release e.g.:
   ```bash
   git branch 5.2.x
   git tag 5.2.0
-  git push --all
   git push --tags
   ```
-* [ ] Create and check source distribution:
+* [ ] Check the [GitHub Actions "Wheels" workflow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml)
+  has passed, including the "Upload release to PyPI" job. This will have been triggered
+  by the new tag.
+* [ ] Publish the [release on GitHub](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases).
+* [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/),
+      increment and append `.dev0` to version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py` and then:
   ```bash
-  make sdist
+  git push --all
    ```
-* [ ] Create [binary distributions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/RELEASING.md#binary-distributions)
-* [ ] Check and upload all binaries and source distributions e.g.:
-  ```bash
-  python3 -m twine check --strict dist/*
-  python3 -m twine upload dist/Pillow-5.2.0*
-  ```
-* [ ] Publish the [release on GitHub](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases)
-* [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0440/), increment and append `.dev0` to version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
-
 ## Point Release
 
 Released as needed for security, installation or critical bug fixes.
 
 * [ ] Make necessary changes in `main` branch.
-* [ ] Update `CHANGES.rst`.
 * [ ] Check out release branch e.g.:
   ```bash
   git checkout -t remotes/origin/5.2.x
   ```
 * [ ] Cherry pick individual commits from `main` branch to release branch e.g. `5.2.x`, then `git push`.
-
+* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) to confirm passing tests in release branch e.g. `5.2.x`.
-
+* [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/), update version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
-
-* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow) to confirm passing tests in release branch e.g. `5.2.x`.
-* [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0440/), update version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
 * [ ] Run pre-release check via `make release-test`.
 * [ ] Create tag for release e.g.:
   ```bash
   git tag 5.2.1
-  git push
   git push --tags
   ```
 * [ ] Create and check source distribution:
   ```bash
   make sdist
   ```
-* [ ] Create [binary distributions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/RELEASING.md#binary-distributions)
+* [ ] Check the [GitHub Actions "Wheels" workflow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml)
-* [ ] Check and upload all binaries and source distributions e.g.:
+  has passed, including the "Upload release to PyPI" job. This will have been triggered
+  by the new tag.
+* [ ] Publish the [release on GitHub](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases) and then:
   ```bash
-  python3 -m twine check --strict dist/*
+  git push
-  python3 -m twine upload dist/Pillow-5.2.1*
   ```
-* [ ] Publish the [release on GitHub](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases)
 
 ## Embargoed Release
 
@@ -83,35 +72,19 @@ Released as needed privately to individual vendors for critical security-related
   ```bash
   git checkout 2.5.x
   git tag 2.5.3
-  git push origin 2.5.x
   git push origin --tags
   ```
-* [ ] Create and check source distribution:
+* [ ] Check the [GitHub Actions "Wheels" workflow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml)
+  has passed, including the "Upload release to PyPI" job. This will have been triggered
+  by the new tag.
+* [ ] Publish the [release on GitHub](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases) and then:
   ```bash
-  make sdist
+  git push origin 2.5.x
   ```
-* [ ] Create [binary distributions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/RELEASING.md#binary-distributions)
-* [ ] Publish the [release on GitHub](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases)
-
-## Binary Distributions
-
-### Windows
-* [ ] Download the artifacts from the [GitHub Actions "Test Windows" workflow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-windows.yml)
-  and copy into `dist/`
-
-### Mac and Linux
-* [ ] Use the [Pillow Wheel Builder](https://github.com/python-pillow/pillow-wheels):
-  ```bash
-  git clone https://github.com/python-pillow/pillow-wheels
-  cd pillow-wheels
-  ./update-pillow-tag.sh [[release tag]]
-  ```
-* [ ] Download wheels from the [Pillow Wheel Builder release](https://github.com/python-pillow/pillow-wheels/releases)
-  and copy into `dist/`
 
 ## Publicize Release
 
-* [ ] Announce release availability via [Twitter](https://twitter.com/pythonpillow) e.g. https://twitter.com/PythonPillow/status/1013789184354603010
+* [ ] Announce release availability via [Mastodon](https://fosstodon.org/@pillow) e.g. https://fosstodon.org/@pillow/110639450470725321
 
 ## Documentation
 

Tests/32bit_segfault_check.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
 

Tests/bench_cffi_access.py

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-import time
-
-from PIL import PyAccess
-
-from .helper import hopper
-
-# Not running this test by default. No DOS against CI.
-
-
-def iterate_get(size, access):
-    (w, h) = size
-    for x in range(w):
-        for y in range(h):
-            access[(x, y)]
-
-
-def iterate_set(size, access):
-    (w, h) = size
-    for x in range(w):
-        for y in range(h):
-            access[(x, y)] = (x % 256, y % 256, 0)
-
-
-def timer(func, label, *args):
-    iterations = 5000
-    starttime = time.time()
-    for x in range(iterations):
-        func(*args)
-        if time.time() - starttime > 10:
-            print(
-                "{}: breaking at {} iterations, {:.6f} per iteration".format(
-                    label, x + 1, (time.time() - starttime) / (x + 1.0)
-                )
-            )
-            break
-    if x == iterations - 1:
-        endtime = time.time()
-        print(
-            "{}: {:.4f} s  {:.6f} per iteration".format(
-                label, endtime - starttime, (endtime - starttime) / (x + 1.0)
-            )
-        )
-
-
-def test_direct():
-    im = hopper()
-    im.load()
-    # im = Image.new( "RGB", (2000, 2000), (1, 3, 2))
-    caccess = im.im.pixel_access(False)
-    access = PyAccess.new(im, False)
-
-    assert caccess[(0, 0)] == access[(0, 0)]
-
-    print("Size: %sx%s" % im.size)
-    timer(iterate_get, "PyAccess - get", im.size, access)
-    timer(iterate_set, "PyAccess - set", im.size, access)
-    timer(iterate_get, "C-api - get", im.size, caccess)
-    timer(iterate_set, "C-api - set", im.size, caccess)

Tests/check_fli_oob.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 from PIL import Image
 

Tests/check_fli_overflow.py

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from PIL import Image
 
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/fli_overflow.fli"
 
 
-def test_fli_overflow():
+def test_fli_overflow() -> None:
-
     # this should not crash with a malloc error or access violation
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
         im.load()

Tests/check_icns_dos.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # Tests potential DOS of IcnsImagePlugin with 0 length block.
 # Run from anywhere that PIL is importable.
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 from io import BytesIO
 

Tests/check_imaging_leaks.py

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any, Callable
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image
@@ -11,31 +15,37 @@ max_iterations = 10000
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(is_win32(), reason="requires Unix or macOS")
 
 
-def _get_mem_usage():
+def _get_mem_usage() -> float:
     from resource import RUSAGE_SELF, getpagesize, getrusage
 
     mem = getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF).ru_maxrss
     return mem * getpagesize() / 1024 / 1024
 
 
-def _test_leak(min_iterations, max_iterations, fn, *args, **kwargs):
+def _test_leak(
+    min_iterations: int,
+    max_iterations: int,
+    fn: Callable[..., Image.Image | None],
+    *args: Any,
+) -> None:
     mem_limit = None
     for i in range(max_iterations):
-        fn(*args, **kwargs)
+        fn(*args)
         mem = _get_mem_usage()
         if i < min_iterations:
             mem_limit = mem + 1
             continue
         msg = f"memory usage limit exceeded after {i + 1} iterations"
+        assert mem_limit is not None
         assert mem <= mem_limit, msg
 
 
-def test_leak_putdata():
+def test_leak_putdata() -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGB", (25, 25))
     _test_leak(min_iterations, max_iterations, im.putdata, im.getdata())
 
 
-def test_leak_getlist():
+def test_leak_getlist() -> None:
     im = Image.new("P", (25, 25))
     _test_leak(
         min_iterations,

Tests/check_j2k_dos.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # Tests potential DOS of Jpeg2kImagePlugin with 0 length block.
 # Run from anywhere that PIL is importable.
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 from io import BytesIO
 

Tests/check_j2k_leaks.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from io import BytesIO
 
 import pytest
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ pytestmark = [
 ]
 
 
-def test_leak_load():
+def test_leak_load() -> None:
     from resource import RLIMIT_AS, RLIMIT_STACK, setrlimit
 
     setrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, (stack_size, stack_size))
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ def test_leak_load():
             im.load()
 
 
-def test_leak_save():
+def test_leak_save() -> None:
     from resource import RLIMIT_AS, RLIMIT_STACK, setrlimit
 
     setrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, (stack_size, stack_size))

Tests/check_j2k_overflow.py

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image
 
 
-def test_j2k_overflow(tmp_path):
+def test_j2k_overflow(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGBA", (1024, 131584))
     target = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpc")
     with pytest.raises(OSError):

Tests/check_jp2_overflow.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
 # Reproductions/tests for OOB read errors in FliDecode.c
 
 # When run in python, all of these images should fail for
@@ -12,7 +10,7 @@
 # the output should be empty. There may be python issues
 # in the valgrind especially if run in a debug python
 # version.
-
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 from PIL import Image
 

Tests/check_jpeg_leaks.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from io import BytesIO
 
 import pytest
@@ -75,49 +77,48 @@ post-patch:
 """
 
 
-def test_qtables_leak():
+standard_l_qtable = (
+    # fmt: off
+    16, 11, 10, 16,  24,  40,  51,  61,
+    12, 12, 14, 19,  26,  58,  60,  55,
+    14, 13, 16, 24,  40,  57,  69,  56,
+    14, 17, 22, 29,  51,  87,  80,  62,
+    18, 22, 37, 56,  68, 109, 103,  77,
+    24, 35, 55, 64,  81, 104, 113,  92,
+    49, 64, 78, 87, 103, 121, 120, 101,
+    72, 92, 95, 98, 112, 100, 103,  99,
+    # fmt: on
+)
+
+standard_chrominance_qtable = (
+    # fmt: off
+    17, 18, 24, 47, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+    18, 21, 26, 66, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+    24, 26, 56, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+    47, 66, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+    99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+    99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+    99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+    99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+    # fmt: on
+)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "qtables",
+    (
+        (standard_l_qtable, standard_chrominance_qtable),
+        [standard_l_qtable, standard_chrominance_qtable],
+    ),
+)
+def test_qtables_leak(qtables: tuple[tuple[int, ...]] | list[tuple[int, ...]]) -> None:
     im = hopper("RGB")
-
-    standard_l_qtable = [
-        int(s)
-        for s in """
-        16  11  10  16  24  40  51  61
-        12  12  14  19  26  58  60  55
-        14  13  16  24  40  57  69  56
-        14  17  22  29  51  87  80  62
-        18  22  37  56  68 109 103  77
-        24  35  55  64  81 104 113  92
-        49  64  78  87 103 121 120 101
-        72  92  95  98 112 100 103  99
-        """.split(
-            None
-        )
-    ]
-
-    standard_chrominance_qtable = [
-        int(s)
-        for s in """
-        17  18  24  47  99  99  99  99
-        18  21  26  66  99  99  99  99
-        24  26  56  99  99  99  99  99
-        47  66  99  99  99  99  99  99
-        99  99  99  99  99  99  99  99
-        99  99  99  99  99  99  99  99
-        99  99  99  99  99  99  99  99
-        99  99  99  99  99  99  99  99
-        """.split(
-            None
-        )
-    ]
-
-    qtables = [standard_l_qtable, standard_chrominance_qtable]
-
     for _ in range(iterations):
         test_output = BytesIO()
         im.save(test_output, "JPEG", qtables=qtables)
 
 
-def test_exif_leak():
+def test_exif_leak() -> None:
     """
     pre patch:
 
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ def test_exif_leak():
         im.save(test_output, "JPEG", exif=exif)
 
 
-def test_base_save():
+def test_base_save() -> None:
     """
     base case:
         MB

Tests/check_large_memory.py

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import ModuleType
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -14,6 +18,7 @@ from PIL import Image
 # 2.7 and 3.2.
 
 
+numpy: ModuleType | None
 try:
     import numpy
 except ImportError:
@@ -26,23 +31,24 @@ XDIM = 48000
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize <= 2**32, reason="requires 64-bit system")
 
 
-def _write_png(tmp_path, xdim, ydim):
+def _write_png(tmp_path: Path, xdim: int, ydim: int) -> None:
     f = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
     im = Image.new("L", (xdim, ydim), 0)
     im.save(f)
 
 
-def test_large(tmp_path):
+def test_large(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """succeeded prepatch"""
     _write_png(tmp_path, XDIM, YDIM)
 
 
-def test_2gpx(tmp_path):
+def test_2gpx(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """failed prepatch"""
     _write_png(tmp_path, XDIM, XDIM)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(numpy is None, reason="Numpy is not installed")
-def test_size_greater_than_int():
+def test_size_greater_than_int() -> None:
+    assert numpy is not None
     arr = numpy.ndarray(shape=(16394, 16394))
     Image.fromarray(arr)

Tests/check_large_memory_numpy.py

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ XDIM = 48000
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize <= 2**32, reason="requires 64-bit system")
 
 
-def _write_png(tmp_path, xdim, ydim):
+def _write_png(tmp_path: Path, xdim: int, ydim: int) -> None:
     dtype = np.uint8
     a = np.zeros((xdim, ydim), dtype=dtype)
     f = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
@@ -30,11 +33,11 @@ def _write_png(tmp_path, xdim, ydim):
     im.save(f)
 
 
-def test_large(tmp_path):
+def test_large(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """succeeded prepatch"""
     _write_png(tmp_path, XDIM, YDIM)
 
 
-def test_2gpx(tmp_path):
+def test_2gpx(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """failed prepatch"""
     _write_png(tmp_path, XDIM, XDIM)

Tests/check_libtiff_segfault.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image
@@ -5,7 +7,7 @@ from PIL import Image
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/libtiff_segfault.tif"
 
 
-def test_libtiff_segfault():
+def test_libtiff_segfault() -> None:
     """This test should not segfault. It will on Pillow <= 3.1.0 and
     libtiff >= 4.0.0
     """

Tests/check_png_dos.py

@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import zlib
 from io import BytesIO
 
+import pytest
+
 from PIL import Image, ImageFile, PngImagePlugin
 
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/png_decompression_dos.png"
 
 
-def test_ignore_dos_text():
+def test_ignore_dos_text(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-    ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ImageFile, "LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES", True)
 
-    try:
+    with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
-        im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
         im.load()
-    finally:
-        ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
 
+        assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
         for s in im.text.values():
             assert len(s) < 1024 * 1024, "Text chunk larger than 1M"
 
@@ -22,8 +24,7 @@ def test_ignore_dos_text():
             assert len(s) < 1024 * 1024, "Text chunk larger than 1M"
 
 
-def test_dos_text():
+def test_dos_text() -> None:
-
     try:
         im = Image.open(TEST_FILE)
         im.load()
@@ -31,11 +32,12 @@ def test_dos_text():
         assert msg, "Decompressed Data Too Large"
         return
 
+    assert isinstance(im, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
     for s in im.text.values():
         assert len(s) < 1024 * 1024, "Text chunk larger than 1M"
 
 
-def test_dos_total_memory():
+def test_dos_total_memory() -> None:
     im = Image.new("L", (1, 1))
     compressed_data = zlib.compress(b"a" * 1024 * 1023)
 
@@ -52,10 +54,11 @@ def test_dos_total_memory():
     try:
         im2 = Image.open(b)
     except ValueError as msg:
-        assert "Too much memory" in msg
+        assert "Too much memory" in str(msg)
         return
 
     total_len = 0
+    assert isinstance(im2, PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile)
     for txt in im2.text.values():
         total_len += len(txt)
     assert total_len < 64 * 1024 * 1024, "Total text chunks greater than 64M"

Tests/check_release_notes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+for rst in Path("docs/releasenotes").glob("[1-9]*.rst"):
+    if "TODO" in open(rst).read():
+        sys.exit(f"Error: remove TODO from {rst}")

Tests/check_wheel.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+
+from PIL import features
+
+
+def test_wheel_modules() -> None:
+    expected_modules = {"pil", "tkinter", "freetype2", "littlecms2", "webp"}
+
+    # tkinter is not available in cibuildwheel installed CPython on Windows
+    try:
+        import tkinter
+
+        assert tkinter
+    except ImportError:
+        expected_modules.remove("tkinter")
+
+    assert set(features.get_supported_modules()) == expected_modules
+
+
+def test_wheel_codecs() -> None:
+    expected_codecs = {"jpg", "jpg_2000", "zlib", "libtiff"}
+
+    assert set(features.get_supported_codecs()) == expected_codecs
+
+
+def test_wheel_features() -> None:
+    expected_features = {
+        "webp_anim",
+        "webp_mux",
+        "transp_webp",
+        "raqm",
+        "fribidi",
+        "harfbuzz",
+        "libjpeg_turbo",
+        "zlib_ng",
+        "xcb",
+    }
+
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        expected_features.remove("xcb")
+
+    assert set(features.get_supported_features()) == expected_features

Tests/conftest.py

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import io
 
+import pytest
 
-def pytest_report_header(config):
+
+def pytest_report_header(config: pytest.Config) -> str:
     try:
         from PIL import features
 
@@ -12,7 +16,7 @@ def pytest_report_header(config):
         return f"pytest_report_header failed: {e}"
 
 
-def pytest_configure(config):
+def pytest_configure(config: pytest.Config) -> None:
     config.addinivalue_line(
         "markers",
         "pil_noop_mark: A conditional mark where nothing special happens",

Tests/createfontdatachunk.py

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import base64
 import os
 

Tests/fonts/LICENSE.txt

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 NotoNastaliqUrdu-Regular.ttf and NotoSansSymbols-Regular.ttf, from https://github.com/googlei18n/noto-fonts
 NotoSans-Regular.ttf, from https://www.google.com/get/noto/
 NotoSansJP-Thin.otf, from https://www.google.com/get/noto/help/cjk/
-NotoColorEmoji.ttf, from https://github.com/googlefonts/noto-emoji
 AdobeVFPrototype.ttf, from https://github.com/adobe-fonts/adobe-variable-font-prototype
 TINY5x3GX.ttf, from http://velvetyne.fr/fonts/tiny
 ArefRuqaa-Regular.ttf, from https://github.com/google/fonts/tree/master/ofl/arefruqaa
@@ -25,3 +24,5 @@ FreeMono.ttf is licensed under GPLv3.
 10x20-ISO8859-1.pcf, from https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/xfonts-base
 
 "Public domain font.  Share and enjoy."
+
+CBDTTestFont.ttf and EBDTTestFont.ttf from https://github.com/nulano/font-tests are public domain.

Tests/fonts/fuzz_font-5203009437302784

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+STARTFONT
+FONT ÿ
+SIZE 10
+FONTBOUNDINGBOX
+CHARS
+STARTCHAR 
+ENCODING
+BBX 2 5
+ENDCHAR
+ENDFONT

Tests/helper.py

@@ -2,57 +2,51 @@
 Helper functions.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import logging
 import os
 import shutil
+import subprocess
 import sys
-import sysconfig
 import tempfile
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from functools import lru_cache
 from io import BytesIO
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 import pytest
 from packaging.version import parse as parse_version
 
-from PIL import Image, ImageMath, features
+from PIL import Image, ImageFile, ImageMath, features
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+uploader = None
+if os.environ.get("SHOW_ERRORS"):
+    uploader = "show"
+elif "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ:
+    uploader = "github_actions"
 
-HAS_UPLOADER = False
 
-if os.environ.get("SHOW_ERRORS", None):
+def upload(a: Image.Image, b: Image.Image) -> str | None:
+    if uploader == "show":
         # local img.show for errors.
-    HAS_UPLOADER = True
-
-    class test_image_results:
-        @staticmethod
-        def upload(a, b):
         a.show()
         b.show()
-
+    elif uploader == "github_actions":
-elif "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ:
-    HAS_UPLOADER = True
-
-    class test_image_results:
-        @staticmethod
-        def upload(a, b):
         dir_errors = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "errors")
         os.makedirs(dir_errors, exist_ok=True)
         tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir=dir_errors)
         a.save(os.path.join(tmpdir, "a.png"))
         b.save(os.path.join(tmpdir, "b.png"))
         return tmpdir
-
+    return None
-else:
-    try:
-        import test_image_results
-
-        HAS_UPLOADER = True
-    except ImportError:
-        pass
 
 
-def convert_to_comparable(a, b):
+def convert_to_comparable(
+    a: Image.Image, b: Image.Image
+) -> tuple[Image.Image, Image.Image]:
     new_a, new_b = a, b
     if a.mode == "P":
         new_a = Image.new("L", a.size)
@@ -65,14 +59,16 @@ def convert_to_comparable(a, b):
     return new_a, new_b
 
 
-def assert_deep_equal(a, b, msg=None):
+def assert_deep_equal(a: Any, b: Any, msg: str | None = None) -> None:
     try:
         assert len(a) == len(b), msg or f"got length {len(a)}, expected {len(b)}"
     except Exception:
         assert a == b, msg
 
 
-def assert_image(im, mode, size, msg=None):
+def assert_image(
+    im: Image.Image, mode: str, size: tuple[int, int], msg: str | None = None
+) -> None:
     if mode is not None:
         assert im.mode == mode, (
             msg or f"got mode {repr(im.mode)}, expected {repr(mode)}"
@@ -84,28 +80,32 @@ def assert_image(im, mode, size, msg=None):
         )
 
 
-def assert_image_equal(a, b, msg=None):
+def assert_image_equal(a: Image.Image, b: Image.Image, msg: str | None = None) -> None:
     assert a.mode == b.mode, msg or f"got mode {repr(a.mode)}, expected {repr(b.mode)}"
     assert a.size == b.size, msg or f"got size {repr(a.size)}, expected {repr(b.size)}"
     if a.tobytes() != b.tobytes():
-        if HAS_UPLOADER:
         try:
-                url = test_image_results.upload(a, b)
+            url = upload(a, b)
-                logger.error(f"Url for test images: {url}")
+            if url:
+                logger.error("URL for test images: %s", url)
         except Exception:
             pass
 
-        assert False, msg or "got different content"
+        pytest.fail(msg or "got different content")
 
 
-def assert_image_equal_tofile(a, filename, msg=None, mode=None):
+def assert_image_equal_tofile(
+    a: Image.Image, filename: str, msg: str | None = None, mode: str | None = None
+) -> None:
     with Image.open(filename) as img:
         if mode:
             img = img.convert(mode)
         assert_image_equal(a, img, msg)
 
 
-def assert_image_similar(a, b, epsilon, msg=None):
+def assert_image_similar(
+    a: Image.Image, b: Image.Image, epsilon: float, msg: str | None = None
+) -> None:
     assert a.mode == b.mode, msg or f"got mode {repr(a.mode)}, expected {repr(b.mode)}"
     assert a.size == b.size, msg or f"got size {repr(a.size)}, expected {repr(b.size)}"
 
@@ -113,7 +113,9 @@ def assert_image_similar(a, b, epsilon, msg=None):
 
     diff = 0
     for ach, bch in zip(a.split(), b.split()):
-        chdiff = ImageMath.eval("abs(a - b)", a=ach, b=bch).convert("L")
+        chdiff = ImageMath.lambda_eval(
+            lambda args: abs(args["a"] - args["b"]), a=ach, b=bch
+        ).convert("L")
         diff += sum(i * num for i, num in enumerate(chdiff.histogram()))
 
     ave_diff = diff / (a.size[0] * a.size[1])
@@ -123,61 +125,69 @@ def assert_image_similar(a, b, epsilon, msg=None):
             + f" average pixel value difference {ave_diff:.4f} > epsilon {epsilon:.4f}"
         )
     except Exception as e:
-        if HAS_UPLOADER:
         try:
-                url = test_image_results.upload(a, b)
+            url = upload(a, b)
-                logger.error(f"Url for test images: {url}")
+            if url:
+                logger.exception("URL for test images: %s", url)
         except Exception:
             pass
         raise e
 
 
-def assert_image_similar_tofile(a, filename, epsilon, msg=None, mode=None):
+def assert_image_similar_tofile(
+    a: Image.Image,
+    filename: str,
+    epsilon: float,
+    msg: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
     with Image.open(filename) as img:
-        if mode:
-            img = img.convert(mode)
         assert_image_similar(a, img, epsilon, msg)
 
 
-def assert_all_same(items, msg=None):
+def assert_not_all_same(items: Sequence[Any], msg: str | None = None) -> None:
-    assert items.count(items[0]) == len(items), msg
-
-
-def assert_not_all_same(items, msg=None):
     assert items.count(items[0]) != len(items), msg
 
 
-def assert_tuple_approx_equal(actuals, targets, threshold, msg):
+def assert_tuple_approx_equal(
+    actuals: Sequence[int], targets: tuple[int, ...], threshold: int, msg: str
+) -> None:
     """Tests if actuals has values within threshold from targets"""
-    value = True
     for i, target in enumerate(targets):
-        value *= target - threshold <= actuals[i] <= target + threshold
+        if not (target - threshold <= actuals[i] <= target + threshold):
-
+            pytest.fail(msg + ": " + repr(actuals) + " != " + repr(targets))
-    assert value, msg + ": " + repr(actuals) + " != " + repr(targets)
 
 
-def skip_unless_feature(feature):
+def skip_unless_feature(feature: str) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
     reason = f"{feature} not available"
     return pytest.mark.skipif(not features.check(feature), reason=reason)
 
 
-def skip_unless_feature_version(feature, version_required, reason=None):
+def skip_unless_feature_version(
-    if not features.check(feature):
+    feature: str, required: str, reason: str | None = None
+) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
+    version = features.version(feature)
+    if version is None:
         return pytest.mark.skip(f"{feature} not available")
     if reason is None:
-        reason = f"{feature} is older than {version_required}"
+        reason = f"{feature} is older than {required}"
-    version_required = parse_version(version_required)
+    version_required = parse_version(required)
-    version_available = parse_version(features.version(feature))
+    version_available = parse_version(version)
     return pytest.mark.skipif(version_available < version_required, reason=reason)
 
 
-def mark_if_feature_version(mark, feature, version_blacklist, reason=None):
+def mark_if_feature_version(
-    if not features.check(feature):
+    mark: pytest.MarkDecorator,
+    feature: str,
+    version_blacklist: str,
+    reason: str | None = None,
+) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
+    version = features.version(feature)
+    if version is None:
         return pytest.mark.pil_noop_mark()
     if reason is None:
         reason = f"{feature} is {version_blacklist}"
     version_required = parse_version(version_blacklist)
-    version_available = parse_version(features.version(feature))
+    version_available = parse_version(version)
     if (
         version_available.major == version_required.major
         and version_available.minor == version_required.minor
@@ -192,7 +202,7 @@ class PillowLeakTestCase:
     iterations = 100  # count
     mem_limit = 512  # k
 
-    def _get_mem_usage(self):
+    def _get_mem_usage(self) -> float:
         """
         Gets the RUSAGE memory usage, returns in K. Encapsulates the difference
         between macOS and Linux rss reporting
@@ -203,18 +213,13 @@ class PillowLeakTestCase:
         from resource import RUSAGE_SELF, getrusage
 
         mem = getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF).ru_maxrss
-        if sys.platform == "darwin":
         # man 2 getrusage:
         #     ru_maxrss
-            # This is the maximum resident set size utilized (in bytes).
+        # This is the maximum resident set size utilized
-            return mem / 1024  # Kb
+        # in bytes on macOS, in kilobytes on Linux
-        # linux
+        return mem / 1024 if sys.platform == "darwin" else mem
-        # man 2 getrusage
-        #        ru_maxrss (since Linux 2.6.32)
-        #  This is the maximum resident set size used (in kilobytes).
-        return mem  # Kb
 
-    def _test_leak(self, core):
+    def _test_leak(self, core: Callable[[], None]) -> None:
         start_mem = self._get_mem_usage()
         for cycle in range(self.iterations):
             core()
@@ -226,52 +231,77 @@ class PillowLeakTestCase:
 # helpers
 
 
-def fromstring(data):
+def fromstring(data: bytes) -> ImageFile.ImageFile:
     return Image.open(BytesIO(data))
 
 
-def tostring(im, string_format, **options):
+def tostring(im: Image.Image, string_format: str, **options: Any) -> bytes:
     out = BytesIO()
     im.save(out, string_format, **options)
     return out.getvalue()
 
 
-def hopper(mode=None, cache={}):
+def hopper(mode: str | None = None) -> Image.Image:
+    # Use caching to reduce reading from disk, but return a copy
+    # so that the cached image isn't modified by the tests
+    # (for fast, isolated, repeatable tests).
+
     if mode is None:
         # Always return fresh not-yet-loaded version of image.
-        # Operations on not-yet-loaded images is separate class of errors
+        # Operations on not-yet-loaded images are a separate class of errors
-        # what we should catch.
+        # that we should catch.
         return Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.ppm")
-    # Use caching to reduce reading from disk but so an original copy is
+
-    # returned each time and the cached image isn't modified by tests
+    return _cached_hopper(mode).copy()
-    # (for fast, isolated, repeatable tests).
+
-    im = cache.get(mode)
+
-    if im is None:
+@lru_cache
+def _cached_hopper(mode: str) -> Image.Image:
     if mode == "F":
-            im = hopper("L").convert(mode)
+        im = hopper("L")
-        elif mode[:4] == "I;16":
-            im = hopper("I").convert(mode)
     else:
-            im = hopper().convert(mode)
+        im = hopper()
-        cache[mode] = im
+    if mode.startswith("BGR;"):
-    return im.copy()
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            im = im.convert(mode)
+    else:
+        try:
+            im = im.convert(mode)
+        except ImportError:
+            if mode == "LAB":
+                im = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.Lab.tif")
+            else:
+                raise
+    return im
 
 
-def djpeg_available():
+def djpeg_available() -> bool:
-    return bool(shutil.which("djpeg"))
+    if shutil.which("djpeg"):
+        try:
+            subprocess.check_call(["djpeg", "-version"])
+            return True
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:  # pragma: no cover
+            return False
+    return False
 
 
-def cjpeg_available():
+def cjpeg_available() -> bool:
-    return bool(shutil.which("cjpeg"))
+    if shutil.which("cjpeg"):
+        try:
+            subprocess.check_call(["cjpeg", "-version"])
+            return True
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:  # pragma: no cover
+            return False
+    return False
 
 
-def netpbm_available():
+def netpbm_available() -> bool:
     return bool(shutil.which("ppmquant") and shutil.which("ppmtogif"))
 
 
-def magick_command():
+def magick_command() -> list[str] | None:
     if sys.platform == "win32":
-        magickhome = os.environ.get("MAGICK_HOME", "")
+        magickhome = os.environ.get("MAGICK_HOME")
         if magickhome:
             imagemagick = [os.path.join(magickhome, "convert.exe")]
             graphicsmagick = [os.path.join(magickhome, "gm.exe"), "convert"]
@@ -286,47 +316,35 @@ def magick_command():
         return imagemagick
     if graphicsmagick and shutil.which(graphicsmagick[0]):
         return graphicsmagick
+    return None
 
 
-def on_appveyor():
+def on_ci() -> bool:
-    return "APPVEYOR" in os.environ
-
-
-def on_github_actions():
-    return "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ
-
-
-def on_ci():
-    # GitHub Actions and AppVeyor have "CI"
     return "CI" in os.environ
 
 
-def is_big_endian():
+def is_big_endian() -> bool:
     return sys.byteorder == "big"
 
 
-def is_ppc64le():
+def is_ppc64le() -> bool:
     import platform
 
     return platform.machine() == "ppc64le"
 
 
-def is_win32():
+def is_win32() -> bool:
     return sys.platform.startswith("win32")
 
 
-def is_pypy():
+def is_pypy() -> bool:
     return hasattr(sys, "pypy_translation_info")
 
 
-def is_mingw():
-    return sysconfig.get_platform() == "mingw"
-
-
 class CachedProperty:
-    def __init__(self, func):
+    def __init__(self, func: Callable[[Any], Any]) -> None:
         self.func = func
 
-    def __get__(self, instance, cls=None):
+    def __get__(self, instance: Any, cls: type[Any] | None = None) -> Any:
         result = instance.__dict__[self.func.__name__] = self.func(instance)
         return result

Tests/icc/LICENSE.txt

@@ -22,4 +22,3 @@ and that the name of ICC shall not be used in advertising or publicity
 pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
 prior permission. ICC makes no representations about the suitability
 of this software for any purpose.
-