Merge branch 'main' into fromarray_mode

.ci/install.sh

@@ -13,24 +13,21 @@ aptget_update()
         return 1
     fi
 }
-if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
 aptget_update || aptget_update retry || aptget_update retry
-fi
 
 set -e
 
-if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
 sudo apt-get -qq install libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev libtiff-dev python3-tk\
                          ghostscript libjpeg-turbo8-dev libopenjp2-7-dev\
                          cmake meson imagemagick libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev\
                          sway wl-clipboard libopenblas-dev nasm
-fi
 
 python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
 python3 -m pip install --upgrade wheel
 python3 -m pip install coverage
 python3 -m pip install defusedxml
 python3 -m pip install ipython
+python3 -m pip install numpy
 python3 -m pip install olefile
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest
 python3 -m pip install -U pytest-cov
@@ -40,9 +37,6 @@ python3 -m pip install pyroma
 # fails on beta 3.14 and PyPy
 python3 -m pip install --only-binary=:all: pyarrow || true
 
-if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
-    python3 -m pip install numpy
-
 # PyQt6 doesn't support PyPy3
 if [[ $GHA_PYTHON_VERSION == 3.* ]]; then
     sudo apt-get -qq install libegl1 libxcb-cursor0 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-shape0 libxkbcommon-x11-0
@@ -50,12 +44,6 @@ if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
     if ! [[ "$PYTHON_GIL" == "0" ]]; then python3 -m pip install pyqt6 ; fi
 fi
 
-    # Pyroma uses non-isolated build and fails with old setuptools
-    if [[ $GHA_PYTHON_VERSION == 3.9 ]]; then
-        # To match pyproject.toml
-        python3 -m pip install "setuptools>=77"
-    fi
-
 # webp
 pushd depends && ./install_webp.sh && popd
 
@@ -70,6 +58,3 @@ if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
 
 # extra test images
 pushd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && popd
-else
-    cd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && cd ..
-fi

.ci/requirements-cibw.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-cibuildwheel==3.0.0
+cibuildwheel==3.1.2

.ci/requirements-mypy.txt

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-mypy==1.16.1
+mypy==1.17.0
 IceSpringPySideStubs-PyQt6
 IceSpringPySideStubs-PySide6
 ipython
 numpy
 packaging
 pyarrow-stubs
+pybind11
 pytest
 sphinx
 types-atheris

.github/mergify.yml

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ pull_request_rules:
       - status-success=Docker Test Successful
       - status-success=Windows Test Successful
       - status-success=MinGW
-      - status-success=Cygwin Test Successful
     actions:
       merge:
         method: merge

.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml

@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-name: Test Cygwin
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - "**"
-    paths-ignore:
-      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
-      - ".github/workflows/wheels*"
-      - ".gitmodules"
-      - "docs/**"
-      - "wheels/**"
-  pull_request:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - ".github/workflows/docs.yml"
-      - ".github/workflows/wheels*"
-      - ".gitmodules"
-      - "docs/**"
-      - "wheels/**"
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-env:
-  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        python-minor-version: [9]
-
-    timeout-minutes: 40
-
-    name: Python 3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Fix line endings
-        run: |
-          git config --global core.autocrlf input
-
-      - name: Checkout Pillow
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-
-      - name: Install Cygwin
-        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v5
-        with:
-          packages: >
-            gcc-g++
-            ghostscript
-            git
-            ImageMagick
-            jpeg
-            libfreetype-devel
-            libimagequant-devel
-            libjpeg-devel
-            liblapack-devel
-            liblcms2-devel
-            libopenjp2-devel
-            libraqm-devel
-            libtiff-devel
-            libwebp-devel
-            libxcb-devel
-            libxcb-xinerama0
-            make
-            netpbm
-            perl
-            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-cython
-            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-devel
-            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-ipython
-            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-numpy
-            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-sip
-            python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-tkinter
-            wget
-            xorg-server-extra
-            zlib-devel
-
-      - name: Add Lapack to PATH
-        uses: egor-tensin/cleanup-path@v4
-        with:
-          dirs: 'C:\cygwin\bin;C:\cygwin\lib\lapack'
-
-      - name: Select Python version
-        run: |
-          ln -sf c:/cygwin/bin/python3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }} c:/cygwin/bin/python3
-
-      - name: pip cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: 'C:\cygwin\home\runneradmin\.cache\pip'
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cygwin-pip3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-${{ hashFiles('.ci/install.sh') }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-cygwin-pip3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-
-
-      - name: Build system information
-        run: |
-          dash.exe -c "python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py"
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          bash.exe .ci/install.sh
-
-      - name: Build
-        shell: bash.exe -eo pipefail -o igncr "{0}"
-        run: |
-          .ci/build.sh
-
-      - name: Test
-        run: |
-          bash.exe xvfb-run -s '-screen 0 1024x768x24' .ci/test.sh
-
-      - name: Prepare to upload errors
-        if: failure()
-        run: |
-          dash.exe -c "mkdir -p Tests/errors"
-
-      - name: Upload errors
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        if: failure()
-        with:
-          name: errors
-          path: Tests/errors
-
-      - name: After success
-        run: |
-          bash.exe .ci/after_success.sh
-          rm C:\cygwin\bin\bash.EXE
-
-      - name: Upload coverage
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
-        with:
-          files: ./coverage.xml
-          flags: GHA_Cygwin
-          name: Cygwin Python 3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}
-          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}
-
-  success:
-    permissions:
-      contents: none
-    needs: build
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: Cygwin Test Successful
-    steps:
-      - name: Success
-        run: echo Cygwin Test Successful

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["pypy3.11", "pypy3.10", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", ">=3.13.5", "3.14"]
+        python-version: ["pypy3.11", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
         architecture: ["x64"]
         include:
             # Test the oldest Python on 32-bit
-            - { python-version: "3.9", architecture: "x86" }
+            - { python-version: "3.10", architecture: "x86" }
 
     timeout-minutes: 45
 

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ jobs:
         ]
         python-version: [
           "pypy3.11",
-          "pypy3.10",
           "3.14t",
           "3.14",
           "3.13t",
@@ -50,18 +49,17 @@ jobs:
           "3.12",
           "3.11",
           "3.10",
-          "3.9",
         ]
         include:
-        - { python-version: "3.11", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 1, REVERSE: "--reverse" }
+        - { python-version: "3.12", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 1, REVERSE: "--reverse" }
-        - { python-version: "3.10", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2 }
+        - { python-version: "3.11", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2 }
         # Free-threaded
         - { python-version: "3.14t", disable-gil: true }
         - { python-version: "3.13t", disable-gil: true }
-        # M1 only available for 3.10+
+        # Intel
-        - { os: "macos-13", python-version: "3.9" }
+        - { os: "macos-13", python-version: "3.10" }
         exclude:
-        - { os: "macos-latest", python-version: "3.9" }
+        - { os: "macos-latest", python-version: "3.10" }
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}

.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ if [[ "$CIBW_PLATFORM" == "ios" ]]; then
     # on using the Xcode builder, which isn't very helpful for most of Pillow's
     # dependencies. Therefore, we lean on the OSX configurations, plus CC, CFLAGS
     # etc. to ensure the right sysroot is selected.
-    HOST_CMAKE_FLAGS="-DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=$CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=$GNU_ARCH -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET -DCMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=$IOS_SDK_PATH -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=NO"
+    HOST_CMAKE_FLAGS="-DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=$CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=$GNU_ARCH -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=$IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET -DCMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT=$IOS_SDK_PATH -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=NO -DENABLE_SHARED=NO"
 
     # Meson needs to be pointed at a cross-platform configuration file
     # This will be generated once CC etc. have been evaluated.
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ ARCHIVE_SDIR=pillow-depends-main
 # you change those versions, ensure the patch is also updated.
 FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.3
 HARFBUZZ_VERSION=11.2.1
-LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.49
+LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.50
 JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.1.1
 OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.3
 XZ_VERSION=5.8.1
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ TIFF_VERSION=4.7.0
 LCMS2_VERSION=2.17
 ZLIB_VERSION=1.3.1
 ZLIB_NG_VERSION=2.2.4
-LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.5.0  # Patched; next release won't need patching. See patch file.
+LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.6.0
 BZIP2_VERSION=1.0.8
 LIBXCB_VERSION=1.17.0
 BROTLI_VERSION=1.1.0  # Patched; next release won't need patching. See patch file.
@@ -186,30 +186,43 @@ function build_libavif {
 
     python3 -m pip install meson ninja
 
-    if [[ "$PLAT" == "x86_64" ]] || [ -n "$SANITIZER" ]; then
+    if ([[ "$PLAT" == "x86_64" ]] && [[ -z "$IOS_SDK" ]]) || [ -n "$SANITIZER" ]; then
         build_simple nasm 2.16.03 https://www.nasm.us/pub/nasm/releasebuilds/2.16.03
     fi
 
     local build_type=MinSizeRel
+    local build_shared=ON
     local lto=ON
 
     local libavif_cmake_flags
 
-    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+    if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
         lto=OFF
         libavif_cmake_flags=(
             -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL="-Oz -DNDEBUG -flto" \
             -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL="-Oz -DNDEBUG -flto" \
             -DCMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT="-Wl,-S,-x,-dead_strip_dylibs" \
         )
+        if [[ -n "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
+            build_shared=OFF
+        fi
     else
         if [[ "$MB_ML_VER" == 2014 ]] && [[ "$PLAT" == "x86_64" ]]; then
             build_type=Release
         fi
         libavif_cmake_flags=(-DCMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT="-Wl,--strip-all,-z,relro,-z,now")
     fi
+    if [[ -n "$IOS_SDK" ]] && [[ "$PLAT" == "x86_64" ]]; then
+        libavif_cmake_flags+=(-DAOM_TARGET_CPU=generic)
+    else
+        libavif_cmake_flags+=(
+            -DAVIF_CODEC_AOM_DECODE=OFF \
+            -DAVIF_CODEC_DAV1D=LOCAL
+        )
+    fi
 
     local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif/archive/refs/tags/v$LIBAVIF_VERSION.tar.gz libavif-$LIBAVIF_VERSION.tar.gz)
+
     # CONFIG_AV1_HIGHBITDEPTH=0 is a flag for libaom (included as a subproject
     # of libavif) that disables support for encoding high bit depth images.
     (cd $out_dir \
@@ -217,20 +230,27 @@ function build_libavif {
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$BUILD_PREFIX \
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib \
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib \
-            -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \
+            -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=$build_shared \
             -DAVIF_LIBSHARPYUV=LOCAL \
             -DAVIF_LIBYUV=LOCAL \
             -DAVIF_CODEC_AOM=LOCAL \
             -DCONFIG_AV1_HIGHBITDEPTH=0 \
-            -DAVIF_CODEC_AOM_DECODE=OFF \
-            -DAVIF_CODEC_DAV1D=LOCAL \
             -DCMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION=$lto \
             -DCMAKE_C_VISIBILITY_PRESET=hidden \
             -DCMAKE_CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET=hidden \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=$build_type \
             "${libavif_cmake_flags[@]}" \
-            . \
+            $HOST_CMAKE_FLAGS . )
-        && make install)
+
+    if [[ -n "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
+        # libavif's CMake configuration generates a meson cross file... but it
+        # doesn't work for iOS cross-compilation. Copy in Pillow-generated
+        # meson-cross config to replace the cmake-generated version.
+        cp $WORKDIR/meson-cross.txt $out_dir/crossfile-apple.meson
+    fi
+
+    (cd $out_dir && make install)
+
     touch libavif-stamp
 }
 
@@ -268,10 +288,7 @@ function build {
         build_tiff
     fi
 
-    if [[ -z "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
-        # Short term workaround; don't build libavif on iOS
     build_libavif
-    fi
     build_libpng
     build_lcms2
     build_openjpeg
@@ -280,7 +297,11 @@ function build {
     if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
         webp_cflags="$webp_cflags -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names"
     fi
-    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $webp_cflags" build_simple libwebp $LIBWEBP_VERSION \
+    webp_ldflags=""
+    if [[ -n "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
+        webp_ldflags="$webp_ldflags -llzma -lz"
+    fi
+    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $webp_cflags" LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $webp_ldflags" build_simple libwebp $LIBWEBP_VERSION \
         https://storage.googleapis.com/downloads.webmproject.org/releases/webp tar.gz \
         --enable-libwebpmux --enable-libwebpdemux
 
@@ -380,6 +401,15 @@ fi
 
 wrap_wheel_builder build
 
+# A safety catch for iOS. iOS can't use dynamic libraries, but clang will prefer
+# to link dynamic libraries to static libraries. The only way to reliably
+# prevent this is to not have dynamic libraries available in the first place.
+# The build process *shouldn't* generate any dylibs... but just in case, purge
+# any dylibs that *have* been installed into the build prefix directory.
+if [[ -n "$IOS_SDK" ]]; then
+    find "$BUILD_PREFIX" -name "*.dylib" -exec rm -rf {} \;
+fi
+
 # Return to the project root to finish the build
 popd > /dev/null
 

.github/workflows/wheels.yml

@@ -77,22 +77,22 @@ jobs:
             platform: linux
             os: ubuntu-latest
             cibw_arch: x86_64
+            manylinux: "manylinux2014"
           - name: "manylinux_2_28 x86_64"
             platform: linux
             os: ubuntu-latest
             cibw_arch: x86_64
             build: "*manylinux*"
-            manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
           - name: "manylinux2014 and musllinux aarch64"
             platform: linux
             os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
             cibw_arch: aarch64
+            manylinux: "manylinux2014"
           - name: "manylinux_2_28 aarch64"
             platform: linux
             os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
             cibw_arch: aarch64
             build: "*manylinux*"
-            manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
           - name: "iOS arm64 device"
             platform: ios
             os: macos-latest

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.12.0
+    rev: v0.12.2
     hooks:
       - id: ruff-check
         args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ repos:
       - id: black
 
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit
-    rev: 1.8.5
+    rev: 1.8.6
     hooks:
     - id: bandit
       args: [--severity-level=high]
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ repos:
         exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.gd$|\.opt$|\.patch$)
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: v20.1.6
+    rev: v20.1.7
     hooks:
       - id: clang-format
         types: [c]
@@ -51,14 +51,14 @@ repos:
         exclude: ^.github/.*TEMPLATE|^Tests/(fonts|images)/|\.patch$
 
   - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-    rev: 0.33.1
+    rev: 0.33.2
     hooks:
       - id: check-github-workflows
       - id: check-readthedocs
       - id: check-renovate
 
   - repo: https://github.com/woodruffw/zizmor-pre-commit
-    rev: v1.9.0
+    rev: v1.11.0
     hooks:
       - id: zizmor
 

MANIFEST.in

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ include LICENSE
 include Makefile
 include tox.ini
 graft Tests
+graft Tests/images
 graft checks
 graft patches
 graft src
@@ -28,8 +29,19 @@ exclude .editorconfig
 exclude .readthedocs.yml
 exclude codecov.yml
 exclude renovate.json
+exclude Tests/images/README.md
+exclude Tests/images/crash*.tif
+exclude Tests/images/string_dimension.tiff
 global-exclude .git*
 global-exclude *.pyc
 global-exclude *.so
 prune .ci
 prune wheels
+prune winbuild/build
+prune winbuild/depends
+prune Tests/errors
+prune Tests/images/jpeg2000
+prune Tests/images/msp
+prune Tests/images/picins
+prune Tests/images/sunraster
+prune Tests/test-images

README.md

@@ -36,9 +36,6 @@ As of 2019, Pillow development is
             <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-mingw.yml"><img
                 alt="GitHub Actions build status (Test MinGW)"
                 src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20MinGW/badge.svg"></a>
-            <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-cygwin.yml"><img
-                alt="GitHub Actions build status (Test Cygwin)"
-                src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20Cygwin/badge.svg"></a>
             <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-docker.yml"><img
                 alt="GitHub Actions build status (Test Docker)"
                 src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20Docker/badge.svg"></a>

Tests/helper.py

@@ -10,17 +10,20 @@ import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
-from collections.abc import Sequence
 from functools import lru_cache
 from io import BytesIO
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Callable
 
 import pytest
 from packaging.version import parse as parse_version
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageFile, ImageMath, features
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+    from pathlib import Path
+    from typing import Any
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 uploader = None
@@ -291,16 +294,6 @@ def djpeg_available() -> bool:
     return False
 
 
-def cjpeg_available() -> bool:
-    if shutil.which("cjpeg"):
-        try:
-            subprocess.check_call(["cjpeg", "-version"])
-            return True
-        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:  # pragma: no cover
-            return False
-    return False
-
-
 def netpbm_available() -> bool:
     return bool(shutil.which("ppmquant") and shutil.which("ppmtogif"))
 

Tests/test_features.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import io
 import re
-from typing import Callable
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -10,6 +9,10 @@ from PIL import features
 
 from .helper import skip_unless_feature
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
 
 def test_check() -> None:
     # Check the correctness of the convenience function
@@ -18,10 +21,6 @@ def test_check() -> None:
     for codec in features.codecs:
         assert features.check_codec(codec) == features.check(codec)
     for feature in features.features:
-        if "webp" in feature:
-            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="webp"):
-                assert features.check_feature(feature) == features.check(feature)
-        else:
         assert features.check_feature(feature) == features.check(feature)
 
 
@@ -48,10 +47,6 @@ def test_version() -> None:
     for codec in features.codecs:
         test(codec, features.version_codec)
     for feature in features.features:
-        if "webp" in feature:
-            with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="webp"):
-                test(feature, features.version_feature)
-        else:
         test(feature, features.version_feature)
 
 
@@ -112,6 +107,25 @@ def test_unsupported_module() -> None:
         features.version_module(module)
 
 
+def test_unsupported_feature() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    feature = "unsupported_feature"
+    # Act / Assert
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        features.check_feature(feature)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        features.version_feature(feature)
+
+
+def test_unsupported_version() -> None:
+    assert features.version("unsupported_version") is None
+
+
+def test_modulenotfound(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(features, "features", {"test": ("PIL._test", "", "")})
+    assert features.check_feature("test") is None
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("supported_formats", (True, False))
 def test_pilinfo(supported_formats: bool) -> None:
     buf = io.StringIO()

Tests/test_file_dds.py

@@ -380,21 +380,28 @@ def test_palette() -> None:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/transparent.gif")
 
 
+def test_unsupported_header_size() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(OSError, match="Unsupported header size 0"):
+        with Image.open(BytesIO(b"DDS " + b"\x00" * 4)):
+            pass
+
+
 def test_unsupported_bitcount() -> None:
-    with pytest.raises(OSError):
+    with pytest.raises(OSError, match="Unsupported bitcount 24 for 131072"):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/unsupported_bitcount.dds"):
             pass
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "test_file",
+    "test_file, message",
     (
-        "Tests/images/unimplemented_dxgi_format.dds",
+        ("Tests/images/unimplemented_dxgi_format.dds", "Unimplemented DXGI format 93"),
-        "Tests/images/unimplemented_pfflags.dds",
+        ("Tests/images/unimplemented_pixel_format.dds", "Unimplemented pixel format 0"),
+        ("Tests/images/unimplemented_pfflags.dds", "Unknown pixel format flags 8"),
     ),
 )
-def test_not_implemented(test_file: str) -> None:
+def test_not_implemented(test_file: str, message: str) -> None:
-    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=message):
         with Image.open(test_file):
             pass
 

Tests/test_file_jpeg.py

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal_tofile,
     assert_image_similar,
     assert_image_similar_tofile,
-    cjpeg_available,
     djpeg_available,
     hopper,
     is_win32,
@@ -731,14 +730,6 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             img.load_djpeg()
             assert_image_similar_tofile(img, TEST_FILE, 5)
 
-    @pytest.mark.skipif(not cjpeg_available(), reason="cjpeg not available")
-    def test_save_cjpeg(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as img:
-            tempfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
-            JpegImagePlugin._save_cjpeg(img, BytesIO(), tempfile)
-            # Default save quality is 75%, so a tiny bit of difference is alright
-            assert_image_similar_tofile(img, tempfile, 17)
-
     def test_no_duplicate_0x1001_tag(self) -> None:
         # Arrange
         tag_ids = {v: k for k, v in ExifTags.TAGS.items()}

Tests/test_file_libtiff.py

@@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
                 assert im.mode == "RGB"
                 assert im.size == (128, 128)
                 assert im.format == "TIFF"
-                im2 = hopper()
+                with hopper() as im2:
                     assert_image_similar(im, im2, 5)
         except OSError:
             captured = capfd.readouterr()

Tests/test_file_wmf.py

@@ -44,6 +44,18 @@ def test_load_zero_inch() -> None:
             pass
 
 
+def test_load_unsupported_wmf() -> None:
+    b = BytesIO(b"\xd7\xcd\xc6\x9a\x00\x00" + b"\x01" * 10)
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="Unsupported WMF file format"):
+        WmfImagePlugin.WmfStubImageFile(b)
+
+
+def test_load_unsupported() -> None:
+    b = BytesIO(b"\x01\x00\x00\x00")
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError, match="Unsupported file format"):
+        WmfImagePlugin.WmfStubImageFile(b)
+
+
 def test_render() -> None:
     with open("Tests/images/drawing.emf", "rb") as fp:
         data = fp.read()

Tests/test_format_hsv.py

@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import colorsys
 import itertools
-from typing import Callable
 
 from PIL import Image
 
 from .helper import assert_image_similar, hopper
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
 
 def int_to_float(i: int) -> float:
     return i / 255

Tests/test_image_access.py

@@ -315,3 +315,10 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
         process = subprocess.Popen(["embed_pil.exe"], env=env)
         process.communicate()
         assert process.returncode == 0
+
+    def teardown_method(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            os.remove("embed_pil.c")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            # If the test was skipped or failed, the file won't exist
+            pass

Tests/test_image_histogram.py

@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@ def test_histogram() -> None:
 
     assert histogram("1") == (256, 0, 10994)
     assert histogram("L") == (256, 0, 662)
+    assert histogram("LA") == (512, 0, 16384)
+    assert histogram("La") == (512, 0, 16384)
     assert histogram("I") == (256, 0, 662)
     assert histogram("F") == (256, 0, 662)
     assert histogram("P") == (256, 0, 1551)
+    assert histogram("PA") == (512, 0, 16384)
     assert histogram("RGB") == (768, 4, 675)
     assert histogram("RGBA") == (1024, 0, 16384)
     assert histogram("CMYK") == (1024, 0, 16384)

Tests/test_image_transform.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import math
-from typing import Callable
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -9,6 +8,10 @@ from PIL import Image, ImageTransform
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_similar, hopper
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
 
 class TestImageTransform:
     def test_sanity(self) -> None:

Tests/test_imagechops.py

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Callable
-
 from PIL import Image, ImageChops
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
 BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
 BROWN = (127, 64, 0)
 CYAN = (0, 255, 255)

Tests/test_imagecms.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import shutil
 import sys
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Literal, cast
+from typing import Literal, cast
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ except ImportError:
     # Skipped via setup_module()
     pass
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Any
 
 SRGB = "Tests/icc/sRGB_IEC61966-2-1_black_scaled.icc"
 HAVE_PROFILE = os.path.exists(SRGB)
@@ -208,9 +211,10 @@ def test_exceptions() -> None:
         ImageCms.getProfileName(None)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
     skip_missing()
 
-    # Python <= 3.9: "an integer is required (got type NoneType)"
+    with pytest.raises(
-    # Python > 3.9: "'NoneType' object cannot be interpreted as an integer"
+        ImageCms.PyCMSError,
-    with pytest.raises(ImageCms.PyCMSError, match="integer"):
+        match="'NoneType' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",
+    ):
         ImageCms.isIntentSupported(SRGB, None, None)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
@@ -690,3 +694,17 @@ def test_cmyk_lab() -> None:
     im = Image.new("CMYK", (1, 1))
     converted_im = im.convert("LAB")
     assert converted_im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (255, 128, 128)
+
+
+def test_deprecation() -> None:
+    profile = ImageCmsProfile(ImageCms.createProfile("sRGB"))
+    with pytest.warns(
+        DeprecationWarning, match="ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile.product_name"
+    ):
+        profile.product_name
+    with pytest.warns(
+        DeprecationWarning, match="ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile.product_info"
+    ):
+        profile.product_info
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+        profile.this_attribute_does_not_exist

Tests/test_imagedraw.py

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os.path
-from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import Callable
 
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageColor, ImageDraw, ImageFont, features
-from PIL._typing import Coords
 
 from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal,
@@ -17,6 +14,12 @@ from .helper import (
     skip_unless_feature,
 )
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+
+    from PIL._typing import Coords
+
 BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
 WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
 GRAY = (190, 190, 190)

Tests/test_imagemath_lambda_eval.py

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Any
 
-from PIL import Image, ImageMath
+import pytest
+
+from PIL import Image, ImageMath, _imagingmath
 
 
 def pixel(im: Image.Image | int) -> str | int:
@@ -498,3 +500,31 @@ def test_logical_not_equal() -> None:
         )
         == "I 1"
     )
+
+
+def test_reflected_operands() -> None:
+    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 + args["A"], **images)) == "I 2"
+    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 - args["A"], **images)) == "I 0"
+    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 * args["A"], **images)) == "I 1"
+    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 / args["A"], **images)) == "I 1"
+    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 % args["A"], **images)) == "I 0"
+    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 ** args["A"], **images)) == "I 1"
+    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 & args["A"], **images)) == "I 1"
+    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 | args["A"], **images)) == "I 1"
+    assert pixel(ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: 1 ^ args["A"], **images)) == "I 0"
+
+
+def test_unsupported_mode() -> None:
+    im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="unsupported mode: RGB"):
+        ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: args["im"] + 1, im=im)
+
+
+def test_bad_operand_type(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.delattr(_imagingmath, "abs_I")
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="bad operand type for 'abs'"):
+        ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: abs(args["I"]), I=I)
+
+    monkeypatch.delattr(_imagingmath, "max_F")
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="bad operand type for 'max'"):
+        ImageMath.lambda_eval(lambda args: args["max"](args["I"], args["F"]), I=I, F=F)

Tests/test_pyroma.py

@@ -9,9 +9,30 @@ from PIL import __version__
 pyroma = pytest.importorskip("pyroma", reason="Pyroma not installed")
 
 
+def map_metadata_keys(metadata):
+    # Convert installed wheel metadata into canonical Core Metadata 2.4 format.
+    # This was a utility method in pyroma 4.3.3; it was removed in 5.0.
+    # This implementation is constructed from the relevant logic from
+    # Pyroma 5.0's `build_metadata()` implementation. This has been submitted
+    # upstream to Pyroma as https://github.com/regebro/pyroma/pull/116,
+    # so it may be possible to simplify this test in future.
+    data = {}
+    for key in set(metadata.keys()):
+        value = metadata.get_all(key)
+        key = pyroma.projectdata.normalize(key)
+
+        if len(value) == 1:
+            value = value[0]
+            if value.strip() == "UNKNOWN":
+                continue
+
+        data[key] = value
+    return data
+
+
 def test_pyroma() -> None:
     # Arrange
-    data = pyroma.projectdata.map_metadata_keys(metadata("Pillow"))
+    data = map_metadata_keys(metadata("Pillow"))
 
     # Act
     rating = pyroma.ratings.rate(data)

Tests/test_qt_image_qapplication.py

@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Union
-
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image, ImageQt
@@ -11,18 +8,8 @@ from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile, assert_image_similar, hopper
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    import PyQt6
+    from pathlib import Path
-    import PySide6
 
-    QApplication = Union[PyQt6.QtWidgets.QApplication, PySide6.QtWidgets.QApplication]
-    QHBoxLayout = Union[PyQt6.QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout, PySide6.QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout]
-    QImage = Union[PyQt6.QtGui.QImage, PySide6.QtGui.QImage]
-    QLabel = Union[PyQt6.QtWidgets.QLabel, PySide6.QtWidgets.QLabel]
-    QPainter = Union[PyQt6.QtGui.QPainter, PySide6.QtGui.QPainter]
-    QPixmap = Union[PyQt6.QtGui.QPixmap, PySide6.QtGui.QPixmap]
-    QPoint = Union[PyQt6.QtCore.QPoint, PySide6.QtCore.QPoint]
-    QRegion = Union[PyQt6.QtGui.QRegion, PySide6.QtGui.QRegion]
-    QWidget = Union[PyQt6.QtWidgets.QWidget, PySide6.QtWidgets.QWidget]
 
 if ImageQt.qt_is_installed:
     from PIL.ImageQt import QPixmap
@@ -32,11 +19,16 @@ if ImageQt.qt_is_installed:
         from PyQt6.QtGui import QImage, QPainter, QRegion
         from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QHBoxLayout, QLabel, QWidget
     elif ImageQt.qt_version == "side6":
-        from PySide6.QtCore import QPoint
+        from PySide6.QtCore import QPoint  # type: ignore[assignment]
-        from PySide6.QtGui import QImage, QPainter, QRegion
+        from PySide6.QtGui import QImage, QPainter, QRegion  # type: ignore[assignment]
-        from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QHBoxLayout, QLabel, QWidget
+        from PySide6.QtWidgets import (  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            QApplication,
+            QHBoxLayout,
+            QLabel,
+            QWidget,
+        )
 
-    class Example(QWidget):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    class Example(QWidget):
         def __init__(self) -> None:
             super().__init__()
 
@@ -47,9 +39,9 @@ if ImageQt.qt_is_installed:
             pixmap1 = getattr(ImageQt.QPixmap, "fromImage")(qimage)
 
             # hbox
-            QHBoxLayout(self)  # type: ignore[operator]
+            QHBoxLayout(self)
 
-            lbl = QLabel(self)  # type: ignore[operator]
+            lbl = QLabel(self)
             # Segfault in the problem
             lbl.setPixmap(pixmap1.copy())
 
@@ -63,7 +55,7 @@ def roundtrip(expected: Image.Image) -> None:
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not ImageQt.qt_is_installed, reason="Qt bindings are not installed")
 def test_sanity(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # Segfault test
-    app: QApplication | None = QApplication([])  # type: ignore[operator]
+    app: QApplication | None = QApplication([])
     ex = Example()
     assert app  # Silence warning
     assert ex  # Silence warning
@@ -84,11 +76,11 @@ def test_sanity(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         imageqt = ImageQt.ImageQt(im)
         data = getattr(QPixmap, "fromImage")(imageqt)
         qt_format = getattr(QImage, "Format") if ImageQt.qt_version == "6" else QImage
-        qimage = QImage(128, 128, getattr(qt_format, "Format_ARGB32"))  # type: ignore[operator]
+        qimage = QImage(128, 128, getattr(qt_format, "Format_ARGB32"))
-        painter = QPainter(qimage)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        painter = QPainter(qimage)
-        image_label = QLabel()  # type: ignore[operator]
+        image_label = QLabel()
         image_label.setPixmap(data)
-        image_label.render(painter, QPoint(0, 0), QRegion(0, 0, 128, 128))  # type: ignore[operator]
+        image_label.render(painter, QPoint(0, 0), QRegion(0, 0, 128, 128))
         painter.end()
         rendered_tempfile = str(tmp_path / f"temp_rendered_{mode}.png")
         qimage.save(rendered_tempfile)

Tests/test_qt_image_toqimage.py

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from pathlib import Path
-
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import ImageQt
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_equal_tofile, hopper
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pathlib import Path
+
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(
     not ImageQt.qt_is_installed, reason="Qt bindings are not installed"
 )
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ def test_sanity(mode: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     src = hopper(mode)
     data = ImageQt.toqimage(src)
 
-    assert isinstance(data, QImage)  # type: ignore[arg-type, misc]
+    assert isinstance(data, QImage)
     assert not data.isNull()
 
     # reload directly from the qimage

Tests/test_shell_injection.py

@@ -2,14 +2,18 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import shutil
 from io import BytesIO
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import IO, Callable
 
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import GifImagePlugin, Image, JpegImagePlugin
 
-from .helper import cjpeg_available, djpeg_available, is_win32, netpbm_available
+from .helper import djpeg_available, is_win32, netpbm_available
+
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+    from pathlib import Path
+    from typing import IO
 
 TEST_JPG = "Tests/images/hopper.jpg"
 TEST_GIF = "Tests/images/hopper.gif"
@@ -42,11 +46,6 @@ class TestShellInjection:
                 assert isinstance(im, JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile)
                 im.load_djpeg()
 
-    @pytest.mark.skipif(not cjpeg_available(), reason="cjpeg not available")
-    def test_save_cjpeg_filename(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        with Image.open(TEST_JPG) as im:
-            self.assert_save_filename_check(tmp_path, im, JpegImagePlugin._save_cjpeg)
-
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not netpbm_available(), reason="Netpbm not available")
     def test_save_netpbm_filename_bmp_mode(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         with Image.open(TEST_GIF) as im:

checks/check_imaging_leaks.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Any, Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 

checks/check_wheel.py

@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ def test_wheel_modules() -> None:
 
     elif sys.platform == "ios":
         # tkinter is not available on iOS
-        # libavif is not available on iOS (for now)
+        expected_modules.remove("tkinter")
-        expected_modules -= {"tkinter", "avif"}
 
     assert set(features.get_supported_modules()) == expected_modules
 

depends/install_webp.sh

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # install webp
 
-archive=libwebp-1.5.0
+archive=libwebp-1.6.0
 
 ./download-and-extract.sh $archive https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/main/$archive.tar.gz
 

docs/deprecations.rst

@@ -12,13 +12,6 @@ Deprecated features
 Below are features which are considered deprecated. Where appropriate,
 a :py:exc:`DeprecationWarning` is issued.
 
-ImageDraw.getdraw hints parameter
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. deprecated:: 10.4.0
-
-The ``hints`` parameter in :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageDraw.getdraw()` has been deprecated.
-
 ExifTags.IFD.Makernote
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
@@ -62,6 +55,15 @@ another mode before saving::
     im = Image.new("I", (1, 1))
     im.convert("I;16").save("out.png")
 
+ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile.product_name and .product_info
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 12.0.0
+
+``ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile.product_name`` and the corresponding
+``.product_info`` attributes have been deprecated, and will be removed in
+Pillow 13 (2026-10-15). They have been set to ``None`` since Pillow 2.3.0.
+
 Removed features
 ----------------
 
@@ -189,6 +191,7 @@ ICNS (width, height, scale) sizes
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. deprecated:: 11.0.0
+.. versionremoved:: 12.0.0
 
 Setting an ICNS image size to ``(width, height, scale)`` before loading has been
 removed. Instead, ``load(scale)`` can be used.

docs/handbook/concepts.rst

@@ -101,6 +101,28 @@ Palette
 The palette mode (``P``) uses a color palette to define the actual color for
 each pixel.
 
+.. _colors:
+
+Colors
+------
+
+To specify colors, you can use tuples with a value for each channel in the image, e.g.
+``Image.new("RGB", (1, 1), (255, 0, 0))``.
+
+If an image has a single channel, you can use a single number instead, e.g.
+``Image.new("L", (1, 1), 255)``. For "F" mode images, floating point values are also
+accepted. In the case of "P" mode images, these will be indexes for the color palette.
+
+If a single value is used for an image with more than one channel, it will still be
+parsed::
+
+    >>> from PIL import Image
+    >>> im = Image.new("RGBA", (1, 1), 0x04030201)
+    >>> im.getpixel((0, 0))
+    (1, 2, 3, 4)
+
+Some methods accept other forms, such as color names. See :ref:`color-names`.
+
 Info
 ----
 

docs/index.rst

@@ -29,10 +29,6 @@ Pillow for enterprise is available via the Tidelift Subscription. `Learn more <h
    :target: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-mingw.yml
    :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Test MinGW)
 
-.. image:: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20Cygwin/badge.svg
-   :target: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-cygwin.yml
-   :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Test Cygwin)
-
 .. image:: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Wheels/badge.svg
    :target: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml
    :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Wheels)

docs/installation/building-from-source.rst

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
 
 * **libtiff** provides compressed TIFF functionality
 
-  * Pillow has been tested with libtiff versions **3.x** and **4.0-4.7.0**
+  * Pillow has been tested with libtiff versions **4.0-4.7.0**
 
 * **libfreetype** provides type related services
 
@@ -276,10 +276,9 @@ Build options
 
 * Config setting: ``-C parallel=n``. Can also be given
   with environment variable: ``MAX_CONCURRENCY=n``. Pillow can use
-  multiprocessing to build the extension. Setting ``-C parallel=n``
+  multiprocessing to build the extensions. Setting ``-C parallel=n``
   sets the number of CPUs to use to ``n``, or can disable parallel building by
-  using a setting of 1. By default, it uses 4 CPUs, or if 4 are not
+  using a setting of 1. By default, it uses as many CPUs as are present.
-  available, as many as are present.
 
 * Config settings: ``-C zlib=disable``, ``-C jpeg=disable``,
   ``-C tiff=disable``, ``-C freetype=disable``, ``-C raqm=disable``,

docs/installation/newer-versions.csv

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-Python,3.13,3.12,3.11,3.10,3.9,3.8,3.7,3.6,3.5
+Python,3.14,3.13,3.12,3.11,3.10,3.9,3.8,3.7,3.6,3.5
-Pillow >= 11,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,,
+Pillow 12,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,,,
-Pillow 10.1 - 10.4,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,
+Pillow 11,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,,
-Pillow 10.0,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,
+Pillow 10.1 - 10.4,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,
-Pillow 9.3 - 9.5,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,
+Pillow 10.0,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,,
-Pillow 9.0 - 9.2,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,
+Pillow 9.3 - 9.5,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,
-Pillow 8.3.2 - 8.4,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,
+Pillow 9.0 - 9.2,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,,
-Pillow 8.0 - 8.3.1,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,
+Pillow 8.3.2 - 8.4,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,
-Pillow 7.0 - 7.2,,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes
+Pillow 8.0 - 8.3.1,,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,
+Pillow 7.0 - 7.2,,,,,,,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes

docs/installation/platform-support.rst

@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +==================================+============================+=====================+
 | Alpine                           | 3.12                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Amazon Linux 2                   | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
+| Amazon Linux 2                   | 3.10                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Amazon Linux 2023                | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
+| Amazon Linux 2023                | 3.11                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Arch                             | 3.13                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| CentOS Stream 9                  | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
+| CentOS Stream 9                  | 3.10                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | CentOS Stream 10                 | 3.12                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
@@ -37,27 +37,25 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Gentoo                           | 3.12                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| macOS 13 Ventura                 | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
+| macOS 13 Ventura                 | 3.10                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| macOS 14 Sonoma                  | 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13,    | arm64               |
+| macOS 14 Sonoma                  | 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14     | arm64               |
-|                                  | 3.14, PyPy3                |                     |
+|                                  | PyPy3                      |                     |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Ubuntu Linux 22.04 LTS (Jammy)   | 3.10                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Ubuntu Linux 24.04 LTS (Noble)   | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11,           | x86-64              |
+| Ubuntu Linux 24.04 LTS (Noble)   | 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13,    | x86-64              |
-|                                  | 3.12, 3.13, 3.14, PyPy3    |                     |
+|                                  | 3.14, PyPy3                |                     |
 |                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
 |                                  | 3.12                       | arm64v8, ppc64le,   |
 |                                  |                            | s390x               |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Windows Server 2022              | 3.9                        | x86                 |
+| Windows Server 2022              | 3.10                       | x86                 |
 |                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
-|                                  | 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13,    | x86-64              |
+|                                  | 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14,    | x86-64              |
-|                                  | 3.14, PyPy3                |                     |
+|                                  | PyPy3                      |                     |
 |                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
 |                                  | 3.12 (MinGW)               | x86-64              |
-|                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
-|                                  | 3.9 (Cygwin)               | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 
 

docs/reference/ImageDraw.rst

@@ -45,9 +45,7 @@ Colors
 ^^^^^^
 
 To specify colors, you can use numbers or tuples just as you would use with
-:py:meth:`PIL.Image.new` or :py:meth:`PIL.Image.Image.putpixel`. For “1”,
+:py:meth:`PIL.Image.new`. See :ref:`colors` for more information.
-“L”, and “I” images, use integers. For “RGB” images, use a 3-tuple containing
-integer values. For “F” images, use integer or floating point values.
 
 For palette images (mode “P”), use integers as color indexes. In 1.1.4 and
 later, you can also use RGB 3-tuples or color names (see below). The drawing

docs/reference/PixelAccess.rst

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Access using negative indexes is also possible. ::
 
         Modifies the pixel at x,y. The color is given as a single
         numerical value for single band images, and a tuple for
-        multi-band images.
+        multi-band images. See :ref:`colors` for more information.
 
         :param xy: The pixel coordinate, given as (x, y).
         :param color: The pixel value according to its mode,

docs/reference/internal_modules.rst

@@ -53,11 +53,6 @@ on some Python versions.
 
     An object that supports the read method.
 
-.. py:data:: TypeGuard
-    :value: typing.TypeGuard
-
-    See :py:obj:`typing.TypeGuard`.
-
 :mod:`~PIL._util` module
 ------------------------
 

docs/releasenotes/12.0.0.rst

@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@ TODO
 Backwards incompatible changes
 ==============================
 
+Python 3.9
+^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Pillow has dropped support for Python 3.9,
+which reached end-of-life in October 2025.
+
 ImageFile.raise_oserror
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
@@ -110,10 +116,12 @@ vulnerability introduced in FreeType 2.6 (:cve:`2020-15999`).
 Deprecations
 ============
 
-TODO
+ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile.product_name and .product_info
-^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-TODO
+``ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile.product_name`` and the corresponding
+``.product_info`` attributes have been deprecated, and will be removed in
+Pillow 13 (2026-10-15). They have been set to ``None`` since Pillow 2.3.0.
 
 API changes
 ===========
@@ -134,6 +142,15 @@ TODO
 Other changes
 =============
 
+Python 3.14
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Pillow 11.3.0 had wheels built against Python 3.14 beta, available as a preview to help
+others prepare for 3.14, and to ensure Pillow could be used immediately at the release
+of 3.14.0 final (2025-10-07, :pep:`745`).
+
+Pillow 12.0.0 now officially supports Python 3.14.
+
 Image.fromarray mode parameter
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 

patches/iOS/libwebp-1.5.0.tar.gz.patch

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-# libwebp example binaries require dependencies that aren't available for iOS builds.
-# There's also no easy way to invoke the build to *exclude* the example builds.
-# Since we don't need the examples anyway, remove them from the Makefile.
-#
-# As a point of reference, libwebp provides an XCFramework build script that involves
-# 7 separate invocations of make to avoid building the examples. Patching the Makefile
-# to remove the examples is a simpler approach, and one that is more compatible with
-# the existing multibuild infrastructure.
-# 
-# In the next release, it should be possible to pass --disable-libwebpexamples 
-# instead of applying this patch.
-#
-diff -ur libwebp-1.5.0-orig/Makefile.am libwebp-1.5.0/Makefile.am
---- libwebp-1.5.0-orig/Makefile.am	2024-12-20 09:17:50
-+++ libwebp-1.5.0/Makefile.am	2025-01-09 11:24:17
-@@ -5,5 +5,3 @@
- if BUILD_EXTRAS
-   SUBDIRS += extras
- endif
--
--SUBDIRS += examples
-diff -ur libwebp-1.5.0-orig/Makefile.in libwebp-1.5.0/Makefile.in
---- libwebp-1.5.0-orig/Makefile.in	2024-12-20 09:52:53
-+++ libwebp-1.5.0/Makefile.in	2025-01-09 11:24:17
-@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
-   unique=`for i in $$list; do \
-     if test -f "$$i"; then echo $$i; else echo $(srcdir)/$$i; fi; \
-   done | $(am__uniquify_input)`
--DIST_SUBDIRS = sharpyuv src imageio man extras examples
-+DIST_SUBDIRS = sharpyuv src imageio man extras
- am__DIST_COMMON = $(srcdir)/Makefile.in \
- 	$(top_srcdir)/src/webp/config.h.in AUTHORS COPYING ChangeLog \
- 	NEWS README.md ar-lib compile config.guess config.sub \
-@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@
- top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@
- webp_libname_prefix = @webp_libname_prefix@
- ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS = -I m4
--SUBDIRS = sharpyuv src imageio man $(am__append_1) examples
-+SUBDIRS = sharpyuv src imageio man $(am__append_1)
- EXTRA_DIST = COPYING autogen.sh
- all: all-recursive
- 

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 [build-system]
 build-backend = "backend"
 requires = [
+  "pybind11",
   "setuptools>=77",
 ]
 backend-path = [
@@ -19,15 +20,15 @@ license-files = [ "LICENSE" ]
 authors = [
   { name = "Jeffrey A. Clark", email = "aclark@aclark.net" },
 ]
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 classifiers = [
   "Development Status :: 6 - Mature",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
   "Topic :: Multimedia :: Graphics",
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ optional-dependencies.tests = [
   "markdown2",
   "olefile",
   "packaging",
-  "pyroma",
+  "pyroma>=5",
   "pytest",
   "pytest-cov",
   "pytest-timeout",
@@ -74,9 +75,6 @@ optional-dependencies.tests = [
   "trove-classifiers>=2024.10.12",
 ]
 
-optional-dependencies.typing = [
-  "typing-extensions; python_version<'3.10'",
-]
 optional-dependencies.xmp = [
   "defusedxml",
 ]
@@ -187,8 +185,8 @@ lint.ignore = [
   "PT011",  # pytest-raises-too-broad
   "PT012",  # pytest-raises-with-multiple-statements
   "PT017",  # pytest-assert-in-except
-  "PYI026", # flake8-pyi: typing.TypeAlias added in Python 3.10
   "PYI034", # flake8-pyi: typing.Self added in Python 3.11
+  "UP038",  # pyupgrade: deprecated rule
 ]
 lint.per-file-ignores."Tests/oss-fuzz/fuzz_font.py" = [
   "I002",
@@ -205,7 +203,7 @@ lint.isort.required-imports = [
 ]
 
 [tool.pyproject-fmt]
-max_supported_python = "3.13"
+max_supported_python = "3.14"
 
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 addopts = "-ra --color=auto"
@@ -214,7 +212,7 @@ testpaths = [
 ]
 
 [tool.mypy]
-python_version = "3.9"
+python_version = "3.10"
 pretty = true
 disallow_any_generics = true
 enable_error_code = "ignore-without-code"

setup.py

@@ -17,9 +17,20 @@ import sys
 import warnings
 from collections.abc import Iterator
 
+from pybind11.setup_helpers import ParallelCompile
 from setuptools import Extension, setup
 from setuptools.command.build_ext import build_ext
 
+configuration: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+
+# parse configuration from _custom_build/backend.py
+while sys.argv[-1].startswith("--pillow-configuration="):
+    _, key, value = sys.argv.pop().split("=", 2)
+    configuration.setdefault(key, []).append(value)
+
+default = int(configuration.get("parallel", ["0"])[-1])
+ParallelCompile("MAX_CONCURRENCY", default).install()
+
 
 def get_version() -> str:
     version_file = "src/PIL/_version.py"
@@ -27,9 +38,6 @@ def get_version() -> str:
         return f.read().split('"')[1]
 
 
-configuration: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
-
-
 PILLOW_VERSION = get_version()
 AVIF_ROOT = None
 FREETYPE_ROOT = None
@@ -386,9 +394,7 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
             cpu_count = os.cpu_count()
             if cpu_count is not None:
                 try:
-                    self.parallel = int(
+                    self.parallel = int(os.environ.get("MAX_CONCURRENCY", cpu_count))
-                        os.environ.get("MAX_CONCURRENCY", min(4, cpu_count))
-                    )
                 except TypeError:
                     pass
         for x in self.feature:
@@ -1083,11 +1089,6 @@ ext_modules = [
 ]
 
 
-# parse configuration from _custom_build/backend.py
-while sys.argv[-1].startswith("--pillow-configuration="):
-    _, key, value = sys.argv.pop().split("=", 2)
-    configuration.setdefault(key, []).append(value)
-
 try:
     setup(
         cmdclass={"build_ext": pil_build_ext},

src/PIL/GifImagePlugin.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import os
 import subprocess
 from enum import IntEnum
 from functools import cached_property
-from typing import IO, Any, Literal, NamedTuple, Union, cast
+from typing import Any, NamedTuple, cast
 
 from . import (
     Image,
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ from ._util import DeferredError
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import IO, Literal
+
     from . import _imaging
     from ._typing import Buffer
 
@@ -535,7 +537,7 @@ def _normalize_mode(im: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
     return im.convert("L")
 
 
-_Palette = Union[bytes, bytearray, list[int], ImagePalette.ImagePalette]
+_Palette = bytes | bytearray | list[int] | ImagePalette.ImagePalette
 
 
 def _normalize_palette(

src/PIL/GimpGradientFile.py

@@ -21,10 +21,14 @@ See the GIMP distribution for more information.)
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from math import log, pi, sin, sqrt
-from typing import IO, Callable
 
 from ._binary import o8
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+    from typing import IO
+
 EPSILON = 1e-10
 """"""  # Enable auto-doc for data member
 

src/PIL/GimpPaletteFile.py

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
 from io import BytesIO
+
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from typing import IO
 
 

src/PIL/Image.py

@@ -38,10 +38,9 @@ import struct
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import warnings
-from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator, MutableMapping, Sequence
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
 from enum import IntEnum
-from types import ModuleType
+from typing import IO, Protocol, cast
-from typing import IO, Any, Literal, Protocol, cast
 
 # VERSION was removed in Pillow 6.0.0.
 # PILLOW_VERSION was removed in Pillow 9.0.0.
@@ -64,6 +63,12 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     ElementTree = None
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator, Sequence
+    from types import ModuleType
+    from typing import Any, Literal
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -1732,7 +1737,8 @@ class Image:
         Instead of an image, the source can be a integer or tuple
         containing pixel values. The method then fills the region
         with the given color. When creating RGB images, you can
-        also use color strings as supported by the ImageColor module.
+        also use color strings as supported by the ImageColor module. See
+        :ref:`colors` for more information.
 
         If a mask is given, this method updates only the regions
         indicated by the mask. You can use either "1", "L", "LA", "RGBA"
@@ -1988,7 +1994,8 @@ class Image:
         sequence ends. The scale and offset values are used to adjust the
         sequence values: **pixel = value*scale + offset**.
 
-        :param data: A flattened sequence object.
+        :param data: A flattened sequence object. See :ref:`colors` for more
+            information about values.
         :param scale: An optional scale value.  The default is 1.0.
         :param offset: An optional offset value.  The default is 0.0.
         """
@@ -2047,7 +2054,7 @@ class Image:
         Modifies the pixel at the given position. The color is given as
         a single numerical value for single-band images, and a tuple for
         multi-band images. In addition to this, RGB and RGBA tuples are
-        accepted for P and PA images.
+        accepted for P and PA images. See :ref:`colors` for more information.
 
         Note that this method is relatively slow.  For more extensive changes,
         use :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.paste` or the :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageDraw`
@@ -3055,12 +3062,12 @@ def new(
     :param mode: The mode to use for the new image. See:
        :ref:`concept-modes`.
     :param size: A 2-tuple, containing (width, height) in pixels.
-    :param color: What color to use for the image.  Default is black.
+    :param color: What color to use for the image. Default is black. If given,
-       If given, this should be a single integer or floating point value
+       this should be a single integer or floating point value for single-band
-       for single-band modes, and a tuple for multi-band modes (one value
+       modes, and a tuple for multi-band modes (one value per band). When
-       per band).  When creating RGB or HSV images, you can also use color
+       creating RGB or HSV images, you can also use color strings as supported
-       strings as supported by the ImageColor module.  If the color is
+       by the ImageColor module. See :ref:`colors` for more information. If the
-       None, the image is not initialised.
+       color is None, the image is not initialised.
     :returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
     """
 

src/PIL/ImageCms.py

@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@ import operator
 import sys
 from enum import IntEnum, IntFlag
 from functools import reduce
-from typing import Literal, SupportsFloat, SupportsInt, Union
+from typing import Any, Literal, SupportsFloat, SupportsInt, Union
 
 from . import Image
+from ._deprecate import deprecate
 from ._typing import SupportsRead
 
 try:
@@ -233,9 +234,7 @@ class ImageCmsProfile:
             low-level profile object
 
         """
-        self.filename = None
+        self.filename: str | None = None
-        self.product_name = None  # profile.product_name
-        self.product_info = None  # profile.product_info
 
         if isinstance(profile, str):
             if sys.platform == "win32":
@@ -256,6 +255,13 @@ class ImageCmsProfile:
             msg = "Invalid type for Profile"  # type: ignore[unreachable]
             raise TypeError(msg)
 
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        if name in ("product_name", "product_info"):
+            deprecate(f"ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile.{name}", 13)
+            return None
+        msg = f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object has no attribute '{name}'"
+        raise AttributeError(msg)
+
     def tobytes(self) -> bytes:
         """
         Returns the profile in a format suitable for embedding in

src/PIL/ImageDraw.py

@@ -34,20 +34,23 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import math
 import struct
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from types import ModuleType
+from typing import cast
-from typing import Any, AnyStr, Callable, Union, cast
 
 from . import Image, ImageColor
+
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+    from types import ModuleType
+    from typing import Any, AnyStr
+
+    from . import ImageDraw2, ImageFont
     from ._typing import Coords
 
 # experimental access to the outline API
 Outline: Callable[[], Image.core._Outline] = Image.core.outline
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
+_Ink = float | tuple[int, ...] | str
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from . import ImageDraw2, ImageFont
-
-_Ink = Union[float, tuple[int, ...], str]
 
 """
 A simple 2D drawing interface for PIL images.

src/PIL/ImageFilter.py

@@ -19,11 +19,14 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import abc
 import functools
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from types import ModuleType
+from typing import cast
-from typing import Any, Callable, cast
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+    from types import ModuleType
+    from typing import Any
+
     from . import _imaging
     from ._typing import NumpyArray
 

src/PIL/ImageMath.py

@@ -17,11 +17,15 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import builtins
-from types import CodeType
-from typing import Any, Callable
 
 from . import Image, _imagingmath
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+    from types import CodeType
+    from typing import Any
+
 
 class _Operand:
     """Wraps an image operand, providing standard operators"""

src/PIL/ImageQt.py

@@ -19,23 +19,18 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
 from io import BytesIO
-from typing import Any, Callable, Union
 
 from . import Image
 from ._util import is_path
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    import PyQt6
+    from collections.abc import Callable
-    import PySide6
+    from typing import Any
 
     from . import ImageFile
 
     QBuffer: type
-    QByteArray = Union[PyQt6.QtCore.QByteArray, PySide6.QtCore.QByteArray]
-    QIODevice = Union[PyQt6.QtCore.QIODevice, PySide6.QtCore.QIODevice]
-    QImage = Union[PyQt6.QtGui.QImage, PySide6.QtGui.QImage]
-    QPixmap = Union[PyQt6.QtGui.QPixmap, PySide6.QtGui.QPixmap]
 
 qt_version: str | None
 qt_versions = [
@@ -49,11 +44,15 @@ for version, qt_module in qt_versions:
     try:
         qRgba: Callable[[int, int, int, int], int]
         if qt_module == "PyQt6":
-            from PyQt6.QtCore import QBuffer, QIODevice
+            from PyQt6.QtCore import QBuffer, QByteArray, QIODevice
             from PyQt6.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap, qRgba
         elif qt_module == "PySide6":
-            from PySide6.QtCore import QBuffer, QIODevice
+            from PySide6.QtCore import (  # type: ignore[assignment]
-            from PySide6.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap, qRgba
+                QBuffer,
+                QByteArray,
+                QIODevice,
+            )
+            from PySide6.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap, qRgba  # type: ignore[assignment]
     except (ImportError, RuntimeError):
         continue
     qt_is_installed = True
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ def _toqclass_helper(im: Image.Image | str | QByteArray) -> dict[str, Any]:
 
 if qt_is_installed:
 
-    class ImageQt(QImage):  # type: ignore[misc]
+    class ImageQt(QImage):
         def __init__(self, im: Image.Image | str | QByteArray) -> None:
             """
             An PIL image wrapper for Qt.  This is a subclass of PyQt's QImage

src/PIL/ImageSequence.py

@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@
 ##
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Callable
-
 from . import Image
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
 
 class Iterator:
     """

src/PIL/Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py

@@ -18,11 +18,15 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import io
 import os
 import struct
-from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import cast
-from typing import IO, cast
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile, ImagePalette, _binary
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+    from typing import IO
+
 
 class BoxReader:
     """

src/PIL/JpegImagePlugin.py

@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import warnings
-from typing import IO, Any
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile
 from ._binary import i16be as i16
@@ -53,6 +52,8 @@ from .JpegPresets import presets
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import IO, Any
+
     from .MpoImagePlugin import MpoImageFile
 
 #
@@ -845,16 +846,6 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
     )
 
 
-def _save_cjpeg(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
-    # ALTERNATIVE: handle JPEGs via the IJG command line utilities.
-    tempfile = im._dump()
-    subprocess.check_call(["cjpeg", "-outfile", filename, tempfile])
-    try:
-        os.unlink(tempfile)
-    except OSError:
-        pass
-
-
 ##
 # Factory for making JPEG and MPO instances
 def jpeg_factory(

src/PIL/PcfFontFile.py

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import io
-from typing import BinaryIO, Callable
 
 from . import FontFile, Image
 from ._binary import i8
@@ -27,6 +26,11 @@ from ._binary import i16le as l16
 from ._binary import i32be as b32
 from ._binary import i32le as l32
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+    from typing import BinaryIO
+
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 # declarations
 

src/PIL/PdfParser.py

@@ -8,7 +8,15 @@ import os
 import re
 import time
 import zlib
-from typing import IO, Any, NamedTuple, Union
+from typing import Any, NamedTuple
+
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import IO
+
+    _DictBase = collections.UserDict[str | bytes, Any]
+else:
+    _DictBase = collections.UserDict
 
 
 # see 7.9.2.2 Text String Type on page 86 and D.3 PDFDocEncoding Character Set
@@ -251,13 +259,6 @@ class PdfArray(list[Any]):
         return b"[ " + b" ".join(pdf_repr(x) for x in self) + b" ]"
 
 
-TYPE_CHECKING = False
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    _DictBase = collections.UserDict[Union[str, bytes], Any]
-else:
-    _DictBase = collections.UserDict
-
-
 class PdfDict(_DictBase):
     def __setattr__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
         if key == "data":

src/PIL/PngImagePlugin.py

@@ -38,9 +38,8 @@ import re
 import struct
 import warnings
 import zlib
-from collections.abc import Callable
 from enum import IntEnum
-from typing import IO, Any, NamedTuple, NoReturn, cast
+from typing import IO, NamedTuple, cast
 
 from . import Image, ImageChops, ImageFile, ImagePalette, ImageSequence
 from ._binary import i16be as i16
@@ -53,6 +52,9 @@ from ._util import DeferredError
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+    from typing import Any, NoReturn
+
     from . import _imaging
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py

@@ -47,22 +47,24 @@ import math
 import os
 import struct
 import warnings
-from collections.abc import Iterator, MutableMapping
+from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
 from fractions import Fraction
 from numbers import Number, Rational
-from typing import IO, Any, Callable, NoReturn, cast
+from typing import IO, Any, cast
 
 from . import ExifTags, Image, ImageFile, ImageOps, ImagePalette, TiffTags
 from ._binary import i16be as i16
 from ._binary import i32be as i32
 from ._binary import o8
-from ._typing import StrOrBytesPath
 from ._util import DeferredError, is_path
 from .TiffTags import TYPES
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from ._typing import Buffer, IntegralLike
+    from collections.abc import Iterator
+    from typing import NoReturn
+
+    from ._typing import Buffer, IntegralLike, StrOrBytesPath
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 

src/PIL/WebPImagePlugin.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from io import BytesIO
-from typing import IO, Any
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile
 
@@ -12,6 +11,9 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     SUPPORTED = False
 
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import IO, Any
 
 _VP8_MODES_BY_IDENTIFIER = {
     b"VP8 ": "RGB",

src/PIL/_imagingcms.pyi

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import datetime
 import sys
-from typing import Literal, SupportsFloat, TypedDict
+from typing import Literal, SupportsFloat, TypeAlias, TypedDict
 
 from ._typing import CapsuleType
 
 littlecms_version: str | None
 
-_Tuple3f = tuple[float, float, float]
+_Tuple3f: TypeAlias = tuple[float, float, float]
-_Tuple2x3f = tuple[_Tuple3f, _Tuple3f]
+_Tuple2x3f: TypeAlias = tuple[_Tuple3f, _Tuple3f]
-_Tuple3x3f = tuple[_Tuple3f, _Tuple3f, _Tuple3f]
+_Tuple3x3f: TypeAlias = tuple[_Tuple3f, _Tuple3f, _Tuple3f]
 
 class _IccMeasurementCondition(TypedDict):
     observer: int

src/PIL/_imagingft.pyi

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-from typing import Any, Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
 
 from . import ImageFont, _imaging
 

src/PIL/_typing.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 import sys
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import Any, Protocol, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import Any, Protocol, TypeVar
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     try:
         import numpy.typing as npt
 
-        NumpyArray = npt.NDArray[Any]  # requires numpy>=1.21
+        NumpyArray = npt.NDArray[Any]
-    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+    except ImportError:
         pass
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
@@ -26,19 +26,8 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
 else:
     Buffer = Any
 
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
-    from typing import TypeGuard
-else:
-    try:
-        from typing_extensions import TypeGuard
-    except ImportError:
 
-        class TypeGuard:  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+Coords = Sequence[float] | Sequence[Sequence[float]]
-            def __class_getitem__(cls, item: Any) -> type[bool]:
-                return bool
-
-
-Coords = Union[Sequence[float], Sequence[Sequence[float]]]
 
 
 _T_co = TypeVar("_T_co", covariant=True)
@@ -48,7 +37,7 @@ class SupportsRead(Protocol[_T_co]):
     def read(self, length: int = ..., /) -> _T_co: ...
 
 
-StrOrBytesPath = Union[str, bytes, os.PathLike[str], os.PathLike[bytes]]
+StrOrBytesPath = str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes]
 
 
-__all__ = ["Buffer", "IntegralLike", "StrOrBytesPath", "SupportsRead", "TypeGuard"]
+__all__ = ["Buffer", "IntegralLike", "StrOrBytesPath", "SupportsRead"]

src/PIL/_util.py

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
-from typing import Any, NoReturn
 
-from ._typing import StrOrBytesPath, TypeGuard
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Any, NoReturn, TypeGuard
+
+    from ._typing import StrOrBytesPath
 
 
 def is_path(f: Any) -> TypeGuard[StrOrBytesPath]:

src/PIL/features.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from typing import IO
 import PIL
 
 from . import Image
-from ._deprecate import deprecate
 
 modules = {
     "pil": ("PIL._imaging", "PILLOW_VERSION"),
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ def get_supported_codecs() -> list[str]:
     return [f for f in codecs if check_codec(f)]
 
 
-features: dict[str, tuple[str, str | bool, str | None]] = {
+features: dict[str, tuple[str, str, str | None]] = {
     "raqm": ("PIL._imagingft", "HAVE_RAQM", "raqm_version"),
     "fribidi": ("PIL._imagingft", "HAVE_FRIBIDI", "fribidi_version"),
     "harfbuzz": ("PIL._imagingft", "HAVE_HARFBUZZ", "harfbuzz_version"),
@@ -146,12 +145,8 @@ def check_feature(feature: str) -> bool | None:
 
     module, flag, ver = features[feature]
 
-    if isinstance(flag, bool):
-        deprecate(f'check_feature("{feature}")', 12)
     try:
         imported_module = __import__(module, fromlist=["PIL"])
-        if isinstance(flag, bool):
-            return flag
         return getattr(imported_module, flag)
     except ModuleNotFoundError:
         return None
@@ -181,17 +176,7 @@ def get_supported_features() -> list[str]:
     """
     :returns: A list of all supported features.
     """
-    supported_features = []
+    return [f for f in features if check_feature(f)]
-    for f, (module, flag, _) in features.items():
-        if flag is True:
-            for feature, (feature_module, _) in modules.items():
-                if feature_module == module:
-                    if check_module(feature):
-                        supported_features.append(f)
-                    break
-        elif check_feature(f):
-            supported_features.append(f)
-    return supported_features
 
 
 def check(feature: str) -> bool | None:

src/libImaging/Histo.c

@@ -132,11 +132,15 @@ ImagingGetHistogram(Imaging im, Imaging imMask, void *minmax) {
                     ImagingSectionEnter(&cookie);
                     for (y = 0; y < im->ysize; y++) {
                         UINT8 *in = (UINT8 *)im->image[y];
-                        for (x = 0; x < im->xsize; x++) {
+                        for (x = 0; x < im->xsize; x++, in += 4) {
-                            h->histogram[(*in++)]++;
+                            h->histogram[*in]++;
-                            h->histogram[(*in++) + 256]++;
+                            if (im->bands == 2) {
-                            h->histogram[(*in++) + 512]++;
+                                h->histogram[*(in + 3) + 256]++;
-                            h->histogram[(*in++) + 768]++;
+                            } else {
+                                h->histogram[*(in + 1) + 256]++;
+                                h->histogram[*(in + 2) + 512]++;
+                                h->histogram[*(in + 3) + 768]++;
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                     ImagingSectionLeave(&cookie);

tox.ini

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ requires =
     tox>=4.2
 env_list =
     lint
-    py{py3, 314, 313, 312, 311, 310, 39}
+    py{py3, 314, 313, 312, 311, 310}
 
 [testenv]
 deps =
@@ -29,7 +29,5 @@ commands =
 skip_install = true
 deps =
     -r .ci/requirements-mypy.txt
-extras =
-    typing
 commands =
     mypy conftest.py selftest.py setup.py docs src winbuild Tests {posargs}

winbuild/build_prepare.py

@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ V = {
     "LCMS2": "2.17",
     "LIBAVIF": "1.3.0",
     "LIBIMAGEQUANT": "4.3.4",
-    "LIBPNG": "1.6.49",
+    "LIBPNG": "1.6.50",
-    "LIBWEBP": "1.5.0",
+    "LIBWEBP": "1.6.0",
     "OPENJPEG": "2.5.3",
     "TIFF": "4.7.0",
     "XZ": "5.8.1",
@@ -149,18 +149,17 @@ DEPS: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {
         },
         "build": [
             *cmds_cmake(
-                ("jpeg-static", "cjpeg-static", "djpeg-static"),
+                ("jpeg-static", "djpeg-static"),
                 "-DENABLE_SHARED:BOOL=FALSE",
                 "-DWITH_JPEG8:BOOL=TRUE",
                 "-DWITH_CRT_DLL:BOOL=TRUE",
             ),
             cmd_copy("jpeg-static.lib", "libjpeg.lib"),
-            cmd_copy("cjpeg-static.exe", "cjpeg.exe"),
             cmd_copy("djpeg-static.exe", "djpeg.exe"),
         ],
         "headers": ["jconfig.h", r"src\j*.h"],
         "libs": ["libjpeg.lib"],
-        "bins": ["cjpeg.exe", "djpeg.exe"],
+        "bins": ["djpeg.exe"],
     },
     "zlib": {
         "url": f"https://github.com/zlib-ng/zlib-ng/archive/refs/tags/{V['ZLIBNG']}.tar.gz",