Updated OleFileIO README to 0.42 [ci skip]

2024-12-26 09:56:17 +03:00 · 2015-12-09 08:40:13 +11:00 · 2015-12-09 08:40:13 +11:00 · b6880a65d1
commit b6880a65d1
parent 112240d3a2
1 changed files with 116 additions and 287 deletions
--- a/PIL/OleFileIO-README.md
+++ b/PIL/OleFileIO-README.md
@ -1,26 +1,45 @@
-OleFileIO_PL
+olefile (formerly OleFileIO_PL)
-============
+===============================
-[OleFileIO_PL](http://www.decalage.info/python/olefileio) is a Python module to parse and read [Microsoft OLE2 files (also called Structured Storage, Compound File Binary Format or Compound Document File Format)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_File_Binary_Format), such as Microsoft Office documents, Image Composer and FlashPix files, Outlook messages, StickyNotes, several Microscopy file formats ...
+[olefile](http://www.decalage.info/olefile) is a Python package to parse, read and write 
 [Microsoft OLE2 files](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_File_Binary_Format)
 (also called Structured Storage, Compound File Binary Format or Compound Document File Format), 
 such as Microsoft Office 97-2003 documents, vbaProject.bin in MS Office 2007+ files, Image Composer 
 and FlashPix files, Outlook messages, StickyNotes, several Microscopy file formats, McAfee antivirus quarantine files, 
 etc.
-This is an improved version of the OleFileIO module from [PIL](http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/index.htm), the excellent Python Imaging Library, created and maintained by Fredrik Lundh. The API is still compatible with PIL, but since 2005 I have improved the internal implementation significantly, with new features, bugfixes and a more robust design.
+**Quick links:** [Home page](http://www.decalage.info/olefile) - 
 [Download/Install](https://bitbucket.org/decalage/olefileio_pl/wiki/Install) - 
 [Documentation](https://bitbucket.org/decalage/olefileio_pl/wiki) - 
 [Report Issues/Suggestions/Questions](https://bitbucket.org/decalage/olefileio_pl/issues?status=new&status=open) - 
 [Contact the author](http://decalage.info/contact) - 
 [Repository](https://bitbucket.org/decalage/olefileio_pl) - 
 [Updates on Twitter](https://twitter.com/decalage2)
 As far as I know, this module is now the most complete and robust Python implementation to read MS OLE2 files, portable on several operating systems. (please tell me if you know other similar Python modules)
 OleFileIO_PL can be used as an independent module or with PIL. The goal is to have it integrated into [Pillow](http://python-pillow.github.io/), the friendly fork of PIL.
 OleFileIO\_PL is mostly meant for developers. If you are looking for tools to analyze OLE files or to extract data, then please also check [python-oletools](http://www.decalage.info/python/oletools), which are built upon OleFileIO_PL.
 News
 ----
 Follow all updates and news on Twitter: <https://twitter.com/decalage2>
- **2014-02-04 v0.30**: now compatible with Python 3.x, thanks to Martin Panter who did most of the hard work.
+- **2015-01-25 v0.42**: improved handling of special characters in stream/storage names on Python 2.x (using UTF-8
- 2013-07-24 v0.26: added methods to parse stream/storage timestamps, improved listdir to include storages, fixed parsing of direntry timestamps
+    instead of Latin-1), fixed bug in listdir with empty storages.
- 2013-05-27 v0.25: improved metadata extraction, properties parsing and exception handling, fixed [issue #12](https://bitbucket.org/decalage/olefileio_pl/issue/12/error-when-converting-timestamps-in-ole)
+- 2014-11-25 v0.41: OleFileIO.open and isOleFile now support OLE files stored in byte strings, fixed installer for 
- 2013-05-07 v0.24: new features to extract metadata (get\_metadata method and OleMetadata class), improved getproperties to convert timestamps to Python datetime
+    python 3, added support for Jython (Niko Ehrenfeuchter)
- 2012-10-09: published [python-oletools](http://www.decalage.info/python/oletools), a package of analysis tools based on OleFileIO_PL
+- 2014-10-01 v0.40: renamed OleFileIO_PL to olefile, added initial write support for streams >4K, updated doc and 
    license, improved the setup script.
 - 2014-07-27 v0.31: fixed support for large files with 4K sectors, thanks to Niko Ehrenfeuchter, Martijn Berger and 
    Dave Jones. Added test scripts from Pillow (by hugovk). Fixed setup for Python 3 (Martin Panter)
 - 2014-02-04 v0.30: now compatible with Python 3.x, thanks to Martin Panter who did most of the hard work.
 - 2013-07-24 v0.26: added methods to parse stream/storage timestamps, improved listdir to include storages, fixed 
    parsing of direntry timestamps
 - 2013-05-27 v0.25: improved metadata extraction, properties parsing and exception handling, fixed 
    [issue #12](https://bitbucket.org/decalage/olefileio_pl/issue/12/error-when-converting-timestamps-in-ole)
 - 2013-05-07 v0.24: new features to extract metadata (get\_metadata method and OleMetadata class), improved 
    getproperties to convert timestamps to Python datetime
 - 2012-10-09: published [python-oletools](http://www.decalage.info/python/oletools), a package of analysis tools based 
    on OleFileIO_PL
 - 2012-09-11 v0.23: added support for file-like objects, fixed [issue #8](https://bitbucket.org/decalage/olefileio_pl/issue/8/bug-with-file-object)
 - 2012-02-17 v0.22: fixed issues #7 (bug in getproperties) and #2 (added close method)
 - 2011-10-20: code hosted on bitbucket to ease contributions and bug tracking
@ -29,20 +48,50 @@ Follow all updates and news on Twitter: <https://twitter.com/decalage2>
 - 2009-12-10 v0.19: fixed support for 64 bits platforms (thanks to Ben G. and Martijn for reporting the bug)
 - see changelog in source code for more info.
-Download
+Download/Install
--------
+----------------
-The archive is available on [the project page](https://bitbucket.org/decalage/olefileio_pl/downloads).
+If you have pip or setuptools installed (pip is included in Python 2.7.9+), you may simply run **pip install olefile** 
 or **easy_install olefile** for the first installation.
 To update olefile, run **pip install -U olefile**.
 Otherwise, see https://bitbucket.org/decalage/olefileio_pl/wiki/Install
 Features
 --------
- Parse and read any OLE file such as Microsoft Office 97-2003 legacy document formats (Word .doc, Excel .xls, PowerPoint .ppt, Visio .vsd, Project .mpp), Image Composer and FlashPix files, Outlook messages, StickyNotes, Zeiss AxioVision ZVI files, Olympus FluoView OIB files, ...
+- Parse, read and write any OLE file such as Microsoft Office 97-2003 legacy document formats (Word .doc, Excel .xls, 
    PowerPoint .ppt, Visio .vsd, Project .mpp), Image Composer and FlashPix files, Outlook messages, StickyNotes, 
    Zeiss AxioVision ZVI files, Olympus FluoView OIB files, etc
 - List all the streams and storages contained in an OLE file
 - Open streams as files
 - Parse and read property streams, containing metadata of the file
 - Portable, pure Python module, no dependency
 olefile can be used as an independent package or with PIL/Pillow. 
 olefile is mostly meant for developers. If you are looking for tools to analyze OLE files or to extract data (especially 
 for security purposes such as malware analysis and forensics), then please also check my 
 [python-oletools](http://www.decalage.info/python/oletools), which are built upon olefile and provide a higher-level interface.
 History
 -------
 olefile is based on the OleFileIO module from [PIL](http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/index.htm), the excellent 
 Python Imaging Library, created and maintained by Fredrik Lundh. The olefile API is still compatible with PIL, but 
 since 2005 I have improved the internal implementation significantly, with new features, bugfixes and a more robust 
 design. From 2005 to 2014 the project was called OleFileIO_PL, and in 2014 I changed its name to olefile to celebrate 
 its 9 years and its new write features. 
 As far as I know, olefile is the most complete and robust Python implementation to read MS OLE2 files, portable on 
 several operating systems. (please tell me if you know other similar Python modules)
 Since 2014 olefile/OleFileIO_PL has been integrated into [Pillow](http://python-imaging.github.io/), the friendly fork 
 of PIL. olefile will continue to be improved as a separate project, and new versions will be merged into Pillow 
 regularly.
 Main improvements over the original version of OleFileIO in PIL:
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
@ -58,294 +107,74 @@ Main improvements over the original version of OleFileIO in PIL:
 - Can open file-like objects
 - Added setup.py and install.bat to ease installation
 - More convenient slash-based syntax for stream paths
 - Write features
 Documentation
 -------------
 Please see the [online documentation](https://bitbucket.org/decalage/olefileio_pl/wiki) for more information, 
 especially the [OLE overview](https://bitbucket.org/decalage/olefileio_pl/wiki/OLE_Overview) and the 
 [API page](https://bitbucket.org/decalage/olefileio_pl/wiki/API) which describe how to use olefile in Python applications. 
 A copy of the same documentation is also provided in the doc subfolder of the olefile package.
 How to use this module
 ----------------------
 OleFileIO_PL can be used as an independent module or with PIL. The main functions and methods are explained below.
 For more information, see also the file **OleFileIO_PL.html**, sample code at the end of the module itself, and docstrings within the code.
 ### About the structure of OLE files ###
 An OLE file can be seen as a mini file system or a Zip archive: It contains **streams** of data that look like files embedded within the OLE file. Each stream has a name. For example, the main stream of a MS Word document containing its text is named "WordDocument".
 An OLE file can also contain **storages**. A storage is a folder that contains streams or other storages. For example, a MS Word document with VBA macros has a storage called "Macros".
 Special streams can contain **properties**. A property is a specific value that can be used to store information such as the metadata of a document (title, author, creation date, etc). Property stream names usually start with the character '\x05'.
 For example, a typical MS Word document may look like this:
 	\x05DocumentSummaryInformation (stream)
 	\x05SummaryInformation (stream)
 	WordDocument (stream)
 	Macros (storage)
 		PROJECT (stream)
 		PROJECTwm (stream)
 		VBA (storage)
 			Module1 (stream)
 			ThisDocument (stream)
 			_VBA_PROJECT (stream)
 			dir (stream)
 	ObjectPool (storage)
 ### Import OleFileIO_PL ###
 	:::python
 		import OleFileIO_PL
 As of version 0.30, the code has been changed to be compatible with Python 3.x. As a consequence, compatibility with Python 2.5 or older is not provided anymore. However, a copy of v0.26 is available as OleFileIO_PL2.py. If your application needs to be compatible with Python 2.5 or older, you may use the following code to load the old version when needed:
 	:::python
 		try:
 			import OleFileIO_PL
 		except:
 			import OleFileIO_PL2 as OleFileIO_PL
 If you think OleFileIO_PL should stay compatible with Python 2.5 or older, please [contact me](http://decalage.info/contact).
 ### Test if a file is an OLE container ###
 Use isOleFile to check if the first bytes of the file contain the Magic for OLE files, before opening it. isOleFile returns True if it is an OLE file, False otherwise (new in v0.16).
 	:::python
 		assert OleFileIO_PL.isOleFile('myfile.doc')
 ### Open an OLE file from disk ###
 Create an OleFileIO object with the file path as parameter:
 	:::python
 		ole = OleFileIO_PL.OleFileIO('myfile.doc')
 ### Open an OLE file from a file-like object ###
 This is useful if the file is not on disk, e.g. already stored in a string or as a file-like object.
 	:::python
 		ole = OleFileIO_PL.OleFileIO(f)
 For example the code below reads a file into a string, then uses BytesIO to turn it into a file-like object.
 	:::python
 		data = open('myfile.doc', 'rb').read()
 		f = io.BytesIO(data) # or StringIO.StringIO for Python 2.x
 		ole = OleFileIO_PL.OleFileIO(f)
 ### How to handle malformed OLE files ###
 By default, the parser is configured to be as robust and permissive as possible, allowing to parse most malformed OLE files. Only fatal errors will raise an exception. It is possible to tell the parser to be more strict in order to raise exceptions for files that do not fully conform to the OLE specifications, using the raise_defect option (new in v0.14):
 	:::python
 		ole = OleFileIO_PL.OleFileIO('myfile.doc', raise_defects=DEFECT_INCORRECT)
 When the parsing is done, the list of non-fatal issues detected is available as a list in the parsing_issues attribute of the OleFileIO object (new in 0.25):
 	:::python
        print('Non-fatal issues raised during parsing:')
        if ole.parsing_issues:
            for exctype, msg in ole.parsing_issues:
                print('- %s: %s' % (exctype.__name__, msg))
        else:
            print('None')
 ### Syntax for stream and storage path ###
 Two different syntaxes are allowed for methods that need or return the path of streams and storages:
 1) Either a **list of strings** including all the storages from the root up to the stream/storage name. For example a stream called "WordDocument" at the root will have ['WordDocument'] as full path. A stream called "ThisDocument" located in the storage "Macros/VBA" will be ['Macros', 'VBA', 'ThisDocument']. This is the original syntax from PIL. While hard to read and not very convenient, this syntax works in all cases.
 2) Or a **single string with slashes** to separate storage and stream names (similar to the Unix path syntax). The previous examples would be 'WordDocument' and 'Macros/VBA/ThisDocument'. This syntax is easier, but may fail if a stream or storage name contains a slash. (new in v0.15)
 Both are case-insensitive.
 Switching between the two is easy:
 	:::python
 		slash_path = '/'.join(list_path)
 		list_path  = slash_path.split('/')
 ### Get the list of streams ###
 listdir() returns a list of all the streams contained in the OLE file, including those stored in storages. Each stream is listed itself as a list, as described above.
 	:::python
 		print(ole.listdir())
 Sample result:
 	:::python
 		[['\x01CompObj'], ['\x05DocumentSummaryInformation'], ['\x05SummaryInformation']
 		, ['1Table'], ['Macros', 'PROJECT'], ['Macros', 'PROJECTwm'], ['Macros', 'VBA',
 		'Module1'], ['Macros', 'VBA', 'ThisDocument'], ['Macros', 'VBA', '_VBA_PROJECT']
 		, ['Macros', 'VBA', 'dir'], ['ObjectPool'], ['WordDocument']]
 As an option it is possible to choose if storages should also be listed, with or without streams (new in v0.26):
 	:::python
 		ole.listdir (streams=False, storages=True)
 ### Test if known streams/storages exist: ###
 exists(path) checks if a given stream or storage exists in the OLE file (new in v0.16).
 	:::python
 		if ole.exists('worddocument'):
 		    print("This is a Word document.")
 		    if ole.exists('macros/vba'):
 		         print("This document seems to contain VBA macros.")
 ### Read data from a stream ###
 openstream(path) opens a stream as a file-like object.
 The following example extracts the "Pictures" stream from a PPT file:
 	:::python
 	    pics = ole.openstream('Pictures')
 	    data = pics.read()
 ### Get information about a stream/storage ###
 Several methods can provide the size, type and timestamps of a given stream/storage:
 get_size(path) returns the size of a stream in bytes (new in v0.16):
 	:::python
 		s = ole.get_size('WordDocument')
 get_type(path) returns the type of a stream/storage, as one of the following constants: STGTY\_STREAM for a stream, STGTY\_STORAGE for a storage, STGTY\_ROOT for the root entry, and False for a non existing path (new in v0.15).
 	:::python
 		t = ole.get_type('WordDocument')
 get\_ctime(path) and get\_mtime(path) return the creation and modification timestamps of a stream/storage, as a Python datetime object with UTC timezone. Please note that these timestamps are only present if the application that created the OLE file explicitly stored them, which is rarely the case. When not present, these methods return None (new in v0.26).
 	:::python
 		c = ole.get_ctime('WordDocument')
 		m = ole.get_mtime('WordDocument')
 The root storage is a special case: You can get its creation and modification timestamps using the OleFileIO.root attribute (new in v0.26):
 	:::python
 		c = ole.root.getctime()
 		m = ole.root.getmtime()
 ### Extract metadata ###
 get_metadata() will check if standard property streams exist, parse all the properties they contain, and return an OleMetadata object with the found properties as attributes (new in v0.24).
 	:::python
 		meta = ole.get_metadata()
 		print('Author:', meta.author)
 		print('Title:', meta.title)
 		print('Creation date:', meta.create_time)
 		# print all metadata:
 		meta.dump()
 Available attributes include:
    codepage, title, subject, author, keywords, comments, template,
    last_saved_by, revision_number, total_edit_time, last_printed, create_time,
    last_saved_time, num_pages, num_words, num_chars, thumbnail,
    creating_application, security, codepage_doc, category, presentation_target,
    bytes, lines, paragraphs, slides, notes, hidden_slides, mm_clips,
    scale_crop, heading_pairs, titles_of_parts, manager, company, links_dirty,
    chars_with_spaces, unused, shared_doc, link_base, hlinks, hlinks_changed,
    version, dig_sig, content_type, content_status, language, doc_version
 See the source code of the OleMetadata class for more information.
 ### Parse a property stream ###
 get\_properties(path) can be used to parse any property stream that is not handled by get\_metadata. It returns a dictionary indexed by integers. Each integer is the index of the property, pointing to its value. For example in the standard property stream '\x05SummaryInformation', the document title is property #2, and the subject is #3.
 	:::python
 		p = ole.getproperties('specialprops')
 By default as in the original PIL version, timestamp properties are converted into a number of seconds since Jan 1,1601. With the option convert\_time, you can obtain more convenient Python datetime objects (UTC timezone). If some time properties should not be converted (such as total editing time in '\x05SummaryInformation'), the list of indexes can be passed as no_conversion (new in v0.25):
 	:::python
 		p = ole.getproperties('specialprops', convert_time=True, no_conversion=[10])
 ### Close the OLE file ###
 Unless your application is a simple script that terminates after processing an OLE file, do not forget to close each OleFileIO object after parsing to close the file on disk. (new in v0.22)
 	:::python
 		ole.close()
 ### Use OleFileIO_PL as a script ###
 OleFileIO_PL can also be used as a script from the command-line to display the structure of an OLE file and its metadata, for example:
 	OleFileIO_PL.py myfile.doc
 You can use the option -c to check that all streams can be read fully, and -d to generate very verbose debugging information.
 ## Real-life examples ##
 A real-life example: [using OleFileIO_PL for malware analysis and forensics](http://blog.gregback.net/2011/03/using-remnux-for-forensic-puzzle-6/).
-See also [this paper](https://computer-forensics.sans.org/community/papers/gcfa/grow-forensic-tools-taxonomy-python-libraries-helpful-forensic-analysis_6879) about python tools for forensics, which features OleFileIO_PL.
+See also [this paper](https://computer-forensics.sans.org/community/papers/gcfa/grow-forensic-tools-taxonomy-python-libraries-helpful-forensic-analysis_6879) about python tools for forensics, which features olefile.
 About Python 2 and 3
 --------------------
 OleFileIO\_PL used to support only Python 2.x. As of version 0.30, the code has been changed to be compatible with Python 3.x. As a consequence, compatibility with Python 2.5 or older is not provided anymore. However, a copy of v0.26 is available as OleFileIO_PL2.py. See above the "import" section for a workaround.
 If you think OleFileIO_PL should stay compatible with Python 2.5 or older, please [contact me](http://decalage.info/contact).
 How to contribute
 -----------------
 The code is available in [a Mercurial repository on bitbucket](https://bitbucket.org/decalage/olefileio_pl). You may use it to submit enhancements or to report any issue.
 If you would like to help us improve this module, or simply provide feedback, please [contact me](http://decalage.info/contact). You can help in many ways:
 - test this module on different platforms / Python versions
 - find and report bugs
 - improve documentation, code samples, docstrings
 - write unittest test cases
 - provide tricky malformed files
 How to report bugs
 ------------------
 To report a bug, for example a normal file which is not parsed correctly, please use the [issue reporting page](https://bitbucket.org/decalage/olefileio_pl/issues?status=new&status=open), or if you prefer to do it privately, use this [contact form](http://decalage.info/contact). Please provide all the information about the context and how to reproduce the bug.
 If possible please join the debugging output of OleFileIO_PL. For this, launch the following command :
 	OleFileIO_PL.py -d -c file >debug.txt
 License
 -------
-OleFileIO_PL is open-source.
+olefile (formerly OleFileIO_PL) is copyright (c) 2005-2015 Philippe Lagadec 
 ([http://www.decalage.info](http://www.decalage.info))
-OleFileIO_PL changes are Copyright (c) 2005-2014 by Philippe Lagadec.
+All rights reserved.
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
 ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
 SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
 CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 ----------
 olefile is based on source code from the OleFileIO module of the Python Imaging Library (PIL) published by Fredrik 
 Lundh under the following license:
 The Python Imaging Library (PIL) is
 - Copyright (c) 1997-2005 by Secret Labs AB
 - Copyright (c) 1995-2005 by Fredrik Lundh
-By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood, and will comply with the following terms and conditions:
+By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its associated documentation, you agree that you have read, 
 understood, and will comply with the following terms and conditions:
-Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Secret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its associated documentation for any purpose and 
 without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies, and that both that 
 copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Secret Labs AB or 
 the author not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written 
 prior permission.
-SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES 
 OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR 
 CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF 
 CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS 
 SOFTWARE.