Merge branch 'main' into upload-fribidi

.appveyor.yml

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ install:
 - mv c:\pillow-depends-main c:\pillow-depends
 - xcopy /S /Y c:\pillow-depends\test_images\* c:\pillow\tests\images
 - 7z x ..\pillow-depends\nasm-2.15.05-win64.zip -oc:\
-- ..\pillow-depends\gs9561w32.exe /S
+- ..\pillow-depends\gs1000w32.exe /S
-- path c:\nasm-2.15.05;C:\Program Files (x86)\gs\gs9.56.1\bin;%PATH%
+- path c:\nasm-2.15.05;C:\Program Files (x86)\gs\gs10.0.0\bin;%PATH%
 - cd c:\pillow\winbuild\
 - ps: |
         c:\python37\python.exe c:\pillow\winbuild\build_prepare.py -v --depends=C:\pillow-depends\

.ci/install.sh

@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ python3 -m pip install -U pytest-timeout
 python3 -m pip install pyroma
 
 if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
-    # TODO Remove condition when NumPy supports 3.11
+    python3 -m pip install numpy
-    if ! [ "$GHA_PYTHON_VERSION" == "3.11-dev" ]; then python3 -m pip install numpy ; fi
 
     # PyQt6 doesn't support PyPy3
     if [[ $GHA_PYTHON_VERSION == 3.* ]]; then

.github/renovate.json

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+    "$schema": "https://docs.renovatebot.com/renovate-schema.json",
+    "extends": [
+        "config:base"
+    ],
+    "labels": [
+        "Dependency"
+    ],
+    "packageRules": [
+        {
+            "groupName": "github-actions",
+            "matchManagers": ["github-actions"],
+            "separateMajorMinor": "false"
+        }
+    ],
+    "schedule": ["on the 3rd day of the month"]
+}

.github/workflows/cifuzz.yml

@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@ on:
       - "**.h"
   workflow_dispatch:
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency: 
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   Fuzzing:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
+concurrency: 
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   build:
 
@@ -16,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
     - name: pre-commit cache
-      uses: actions/cache@v2
+      uses: actions/cache@v3
       with:
         path: ~/.cache/pre-commit
         key: lint-pre-commit-${{ hashFiles('**/.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}
@@ -24,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
           lint-pre-commit-
 
     - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
       with:
         python-version: "3.10"
         cache: pip

.github/workflows/macos-install.sh

@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ python3 -m pip install -U pytest-timeout
 python3 -m pip install pyroma
 
 echo -e "[openblas]\nlibraries = openblas\nlibrary_dirs = /usr/local/opt/openblas/lib" >> ~/.numpy-site.cfg
-# TODO Remove condition when NumPy supports 3.11
+python3 -m pip install numpy
-if ! [ "$GHA_PYTHON_VERSION" == "3.11-dev" ]; then python3 -m pip install numpy ; fi
 
 # extra test images
 pushd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && popd

.github/workflows/release-drafter.yml

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ on:
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
+concurrency: 
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   update_release_draft:
     permissions:

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ on:
 permissions:
   issues: write
 
+concurrency: 
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   stale:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow'
@@ -16,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: "Check issues"
-      uses: actions/stale@v5
+      uses: actions/stale@v6
       with:
         repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         only-labels: "Awaiting OP Action"

.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml

@@ -2,6 +2,13 @@ name: Test Cygwin
 
 on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency: 
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: windows-latest
@@ -41,7 +48,7 @@ jobs:
             qt5-devel-tools subversion xorg-server-extra zlib-devel
 
       - name: Add Lapack to PATH
-        uses: egor-tensin/cleanup-path@v1
+        uses: egor-tensin/cleanup-path@v2
         with:
           dirs: 'C:\cygwin\bin;C:\cygwin\lib\lapack'
 

.github/workflows/test-docker.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
+concurrency: 
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   build:
 
@@ -79,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:
         MATRIX_DOCKER: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
       with:
         flags: GHA_Docker
         name: ${{ matrix.docker }}

.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
+concurrency: 
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: windows-latest
@@ -73,11 +77,11 @@ jobs:
           python3 -m pytest -vx --cov PIL --cov Tests --cov-report term --cov-report xml Tests
 
       - name: Upload coverage
-        run: |
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
-          python3 -m pip install codecov
+        with:
-          bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash) -F GHA_Windows
+          file: ./coverage.xml
-        env:
+          flags: GHA_Windows
-          CODECOV_NAME: ${{ matrix.name }}
+          name: ${{ matrix.name }}
 
   success:
     permissions:

.github/workflows/test-valgrind.yml

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ on:
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
+concurrency: 
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   build:
 

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -5,13 +5,17 @@ on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11-dev"]
+        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
         architecture: ["x86", "x64"]
         include:
           # PyPy 7.3.4+ only ships 64-bit binaries for Windows
@@ -36,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # sets env: pythonLocation
     - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         architecture: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
@@ -55,8 +59,8 @@ jobs:
         7z x winbuild\depends\nasm-2.15.05-win64.zip "-o$env:RUNNER_WORKSPACE\"
         echo "$env:RUNNER_WORKSPACE\nasm-2.15.05" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
 
-        winbuild\depends\gs9561w32.exe /S
+        winbuild\depends\gs1000w32.exe /S
-        echo "C:\Program Files (x86)\gs\gs9.56.1\bin" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
+        echo "C:\Program Files (x86)\gs\gs10.0.0\bin" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
 
         xcopy /S /Y winbuild\depends\test_images\* Tests\images\
 
@@ -66,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Cache build
       id: build-cache
-      uses: actions/cache@v2
+      uses: actions/cache@v3
       with:
         path: winbuild\build
         key:
@@ -86,19 +90,28 @@ jobs:
       if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
       run: "& winbuild\\build\\build_dep_zlib.cmd"
 
-    - name: Build dependencies / LibTiff
+    - name: Build dependencies / xz
       if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      run: "& winbuild\\build\\build_dep_libtiff.cmd"
+      run: "& winbuild\\build\\build_dep_xz.cmd"
 
     - name: Build dependencies / WebP
       if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
       run: "& winbuild\\build\\build_dep_libwebp.cmd"
 
+    - name: Build dependencies / LibTiff
+      if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      run: "& winbuild\\build\\build_dep_libtiff.cmd"
+
     # for FreeType CBDT/SBIX font support
     - name: Build dependencies / libpng
       if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
       run: "& winbuild\\build\\build_dep_libpng.cmd"
 
+    # for FreeType WOFF2 font support
+    - name: Build dependencies / brotli
+      if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      run: "& winbuild\\build\\build_dep_brotli.cmd"
+
     - name: Build dependencies / FreeType
       if: steps.build-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
       run: "& winbuild\\build\\build_dep_freetype.cmd"
@@ -171,7 +184,7 @@ jobs:
       shell: pwsh
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
       with:
         file: ./coverage.xml
         flags: GHA_Windows
@@ -183,6 +196,22 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         mkdir fribidi\${{ matrix.architecture }}
         copy winbuild\build\bin\fribidi* fribidi\${{ matrix.architecture }}
+        setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
+        for %%f in (winbuild\build\license\*) do (
+          set x=%%~nf
+          rem Skip FriBiDi license, it is not included in the wheel.
+          set fribidi=!x:~0,7!
+          if NOT !fribidi!==fribidi (
+            rem Skip imagequant license, it is not included in the wheel.
+            set libimagequant=!x:~0,13!
+            if NOT !libimagequant!==libimagequant (
+              echo. >> LICENSE
+              echo ===== %%~nf ===== >> LICENSE
+              echo. >> LICENSE
+              type %%f >> LICENSE
+            )
+          )
+        )
         for /f "tokens=3 delims=/" %%a in ("${{ github.ref }}") do echo ::set-output name=dist::dist-%%a
         winbuild\\build\\build_pillow.cmd --disable-imagequant bdist_wheel
       shell: cmd

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ on: [push, pull_request, workflow_dispatch]
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
+concurrency: 
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   build:
 
@@ -18,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
         python-version: [
           "pypy-3.8",
           "pypy-3.7",
-          "3.11-dev",
+          "3.11",
           "3.10",
           "3.9",
           "3.8",
@@ -30,11 +34,6 @@ jobs:
           REVERSE: "--reverse"
         - python-version: "3.8"
           PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2
-        # Include new variables for Codecov
-        - os: ubuntu-latest
-          codecov-flag: GHA_Ubuntu
-        - os: macos-latest
-          codecov-flag: GHA_macOS
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         cache: pip
@@ -99,7 +98,6 @@ jobs:
     - name: Docs
       if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu') && matrix.python-version == 3.10
       run: |
-        python3 -m pip install furo sphinx-copybutton sphinx-issues sphinx-removed-in sphinxext-opengraph
         make doccheck
 
     - name: After success
@@ -107,9 +105,11 @@ jobs:
         .ci/after_success.sh
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      run: bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash) -F ${{ matrix.codecov-flag }}
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
-      env:
+      with:
-        CODECOV_NAME: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        file: ./coverage.xml
+        flags: ${{ matrix.os == 'macos-latest' && 'GHA_macOS' || 'GHA_Ubuntu' }}
+        name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
   success:
     permissions:

.github/workflows/tidelift.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 name: Tidelift Align
+
 on:
   schedule:
     - cron: "30 2 * * *"  # daily at 02:30 UTC
@@ -15,6 +16,10 @@ on:
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
+concurrency: 
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   build:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow'

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-    rev: 22.6.0
+    rev: 22.8.0
     hooks:
       - id: black
         args: ["--target-version", "py37"]
@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@ repos:
       - id: isort
 
   - repo: https://github.com/asottile/yesqa
-    rev: v1.3.0
+    rev: v1.4.0
     hooks:
       - id: yesqa
 
   - repo: https://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v1.3.0
+    rev: v1.3.1
     hooks:
       - id: remove-tabs
         exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.opt$)
 
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
-    rev: 5.0.2
+    rev: 5.0.4
     hooks:
       - id: flake8
         additional_dependencies: [flake8-2020, flake8-implicit-str-concat]
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ repos:
     rev: v4.3.0
     hooks:
       - id: check-merge-conflict
+      - id: check-json
       - id: check-yaml
 
   - repo: https://github.com/sphinx-contrib/sphinx-lint

CHANGES.rst

@@ -5,6 +5,126 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
 9.3.0 (unreleased)
 ------------------
 
+- Fixed set_variation_by_name offset #6445
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Fix malloc in _imagingft.c:font_setvaraxes #6690
+  [cgohlke]
+
+- Release Python GIL when converting images using matrix operations #6418
+  [hmaarrfk]
+
+- Added ExifTags enums #6630
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Do not modify previous frame when calculating delta in PNG #6683
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Added support for reading BMP images with RLE4 compression #6674
+  [npjg, radarhere]
+
+- Decode JPEG compressed BLP1 data in original mode #6678
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Added GPS TIFF tag info #6661
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Added conversion between RGB/RGBA/RGBX and LAB #6647
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Do not attempt normalization if mode is already normal #6644
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Fixed seeking to an L frame in a GIF #6576
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Consider all frames when selecting mode for PNG save_all #6610
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Don't reassign crc on ChunkStream close #6627
+  [wiredfool, radarhere]
+
+- Raise a warning if NumPy failed to raise an error during conversion #6594
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Show all frames in ImageShow #6611
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Allow FLI palette chunk to not be first #6626
+  [radarhere]
+
+- If first GIF frame has transparency for RGB_ALWAYS loading strategy, use RGBA mode #6592
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Round box position to integer when pasting embedded color #6517
+  [radarhere, nulano]
+
+- Removed EXIF prefix when saving WebP #6582
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Pad IM palette to 768 bytes when saving #6579
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Added DDS BC6H reading #6449
+  [ShadelessFox, REDxEYE, radarhere]
+
+- Added support for opening WhiteIsZero 16-bit integer TIFF images #6642
+  [JayWiz, radarhere]
+
+- Raise an error when allocating translucent color to RGB palette #6654
+  [jsbueno, radarhere]
+
+- Added reading of TIFF child images #6569
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Improved ImageOps palette handling #6596
+  [PososikTeam, radarhere]
+
+- Defer parsing of palette into colors #6567
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Apply transparency to P images in ImageTk.PhotoImage #6559
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Use rounding in ImageOps contain() and pad() #6522
+  [bibinhashley, radarhere]
+
+- Fixed GIF remapping to palette with duplicate entries #6548
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Allow remap_palette() to return an image with less than 256 palette entries #6543
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Corrected BMP and TGA palette size when saving #6500
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Do not call load() before draft() in Image.thumbnail #6539
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Copy palette when converting from P to PA #6497
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Allow RGB and RGBA values for PA image putpixel #6504
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Removed support for tkinter in PyPy before Python 3.6 #6551
+  [nulano]
+
+- Do not use CCITTFaxDecode filter if libtiff is not available #6518
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Fallback to not using mmap if buffer is not large enough #6510
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Fixed writing bytes as ASCII tag #6493
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Open 1 bit EPS in mode 1 #6499
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Removed support for tkinter before Python 1.5.2 #6549
+  [radarhere]
+
 - Allow default ImageDraw font to be set #6484
   [radarhere, hugovk]
 

MANIFEST.in

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ exclude .coveragerc
 exclude .editorconfig
 exclude .readthedocs.yml
 exclude codecov.yml
+exclude renovate.json
 global-exclude .git*
 global-exclude *.pyc
 global-exclude *.so

Makefile

@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@ coverage:
 
 .PHONY: doc
 doc:
+	python3 -c "import PIL" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install .
 	$(MAKE) -C docs html
 
 .PHONY: doccheck
 doccheck:
-	$(MAKE) -C docs html
+	$(MAKE) doc
 # Don't make our tests rely on the links in the docs being up every single build.
 # We don't control them.  But do check, and update them to the target of their redirects.
 	$(MAKE) -C docs linkcheck || true

README.md

@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ As of 2019, Pillow development is
             <a href="https://pypi.org/project/Pillow/"><img
                 alt="Number of PyPI downloads"
                 src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/pillow.svg"></a>
+            <a href="https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/6331"><img
+                alt="OpenSSF Best Practices"
+                src="https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/6331/badge"></a>
         </td>
     </tr>
     <tr>

Tests/fonts/LICENSE.txt

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ TINY5x3GX.ttf, from http://velvetyne.fr/fonts/tiny
 ArefRuqaa-Regular.ttf, from https://github.com/google/fonts/tree/master/ofl/arefruqaa
 ter-x20b.pcf, from http://terminus-font.sourceforge.net/
 BungeeColor-Regular_colr_Windows.ttf, from https://github.com/djrrb/bungee
+OpenSans.woff2, from https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans
 
 All of the above fonts are published under the SIL Open Font License (OFL) v1.1 (http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=OFL), which allows you to copy, modify, and redistribute them if you need to.
 

Tests/helper.py

@@ -208,12 +208,11 @@ class PillowLeakTestCase:
             #     ru_maxrss
             # This is the maximum resident set size utilized (in bytes).
             return mem / 1024  # Kb
-        else:
+        # linux
-            # linux
+        # man 2 getrusage
-            # man 2 getrusage
+        #        ru_maxrss (since Linux 2.6.32)
-            #        ru_maxrss (since Linux 2.6.32)
+        #  This is the maximum resident set size used (in kilobytes).
-            #  This is the maximum resident set size used (in kilobytes).
+        return mem  # Kb
-            return mem  # Kb
 
     def _test_leak(self, core):
         start_mem = self._get_mem_usage()
@@ -285,7 +284,7 @@ def magick_command():
 
     if imagemagick and shutil.which(imagemagick[0]):
         return imagemagick
-    elif graphicsmagick and shutil.which(graphicsmagick[0]):
+    if graphicsmagick and shutil.which(graphicsmagick[0]):
         return graphicsmagick
 
 

Tests/test_000_sanity.py

@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
-import PIL
+from PIL import Image
-import PIL.Image
 
 
 def test_sanity():
     # Make sure we have the binary extension
-    PIL.Image.core.new("L", (100, 100))
+    Image.core.new("L", (100, 100))
 
     # Create an image and do stuff with it.
-    im = PIL.Image.new("1", (100, 100))
+    im = Image.new("1", (100, 100))
     assert (im.mode, im.size) == ("1", (100, 100))
     assert len(im.tobytes()) == 1300
 
     # Create images in all remaining major modes.
-    PIL.Image.new("L", (100, 100))
+    Image.new("L", (100, 100))
-    PIL.Image.new("P", (100, 100))
+    Image.new("P", (100, 100))
-    PIL.Image.new("RGB", (100, 100))
+    Image.new("RGB", (100, 100))
-    PIL.Image.new("I", (100, 100))
+    Image.new("I", (100, 100))
-    PIL.Image.new("F", (100, 100))
+    Image.new("F", (100, 100))

Tests/test_features.py

@@ -70,14 +70,14 @@ def test_libimagequant_version():
     assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", features.version("libimagequant"))
 
 
-def test_check_modules():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("feature", features.modules)
-    for feature in features.modules:
+def test_check_modules(feature):
-        assert features.check_module(feature) in [True, False]
+    assert features.check_module(feature) in [True, False]
 
 
-def test_check_codecs():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("feature", features.codecs)
-    for feature in features.codecs:
+def test_check_codecs(feature):
-        assert features.check_codec(feature) in [True, False]
+    assert features.check_codec(feature) in [True, False]
 
 
 def test_check_warns_on_nonexistent():

Tests/test_file_apng.py

@@ -39,13 +39,12 @@ def test_apng_basic():
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
 
 
-def test_apng_fdat():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/split_fdat.png") as im:
+    "filename",
-        im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
+    ("Tests/images/apng/split_fdat.png", "Tests/images/apng/split_fdat_zero_chunk.png"),
-        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
+)
-        assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
+def test_apng_fdat(filename):
-
+    with Image.open(filename) as im:
-    with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/split_fdat_zero_chunk.png") as im:
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
@@ -554,18 +553,20 @@ def test_apng_save_disposal(tmp_path):
 def test_apng_save_disposal_previous(tmp_path):
     test_file = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
     size = (128, 64)
-    transparent = Image.new("RGBA", size, (0, 0, 0, 0))
+    blue = Image.new("RGBA", size, (0, 0, 255, 255))
     red = Image.new("RGBA", size, (255, 0, 0, 255))
     green = Image.new("RGBA", size, (0, 255, 0, 255))
 
     # test OP_NONE
-    transparent.save(
+    blue.save(
         test_file,
         save_all=True,
         append_images=[red, green],
         disposal=PngImagePlugin.Disposal.OP_PREVIOUS,
     )
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+        assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 0, 255, 255)
+
         im.seek(2)
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
         assert im.getpixel((64, 32)) == (0, 255, 0, 255)
@@ -648,6 +649,16 @@ def test_seek_after_close():
         im.seek(0)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("RGBA", "RGB", "P"))
+def test_different_modes_in_later_frames(mode, tmp_path):
+    test_file = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
+
+    im = Image.new("L", (1, 1))
+    im.save(test_file, save_all=True, append_images=[Image.new(mode, (1, 1))])
+    with Image.open(test_file) as reloaded:
+        assert reloaded.mode == mode
+
+
 def test_constants_deprecation():
     for enum, prefix in {
         PngImagePlugin.Disposal: "APNG_DISPOSE_",

Tests/test_file_blp.py

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ def test_load_blp1():
     with Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp1_jpeg.blp") as im:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/blp/blp1_jpeg.png")
 
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp1_jpeg2.blp") as im:
+        im.load()
+
 
 def test_load_blp2_raw():
     with Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp2_raw.blp") as im:

Tests/test_file_bmp.py

@@ -39,6 +39,13 @@ def test_invalid_file():
             BmpImagePlugin.BmpImageFile(fp)
 
 
+def test_fallback_if_mmap_errors():
+    # This image has been truncated,
+    # so that the buffer is not large enough when using mmap
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/mmap_error.bmp") as im:
+        assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/pal8_offset.bmp")
+
+
 def test_save_to_bytes():
     output = io.BytesIO()
     im = hopper()
@@ -51,6 +58,18 @@ def test_save_to_bytes():
         assert reloaded.format == "BMP"
 
 
+def test_small_palette(tmp_path):
+    im = Image.new("P", (1, 1))
+    colors = [0, 0, 0, 125, 125, 125, 255, 255, 255]
+    im.putpalette(colors)
+
+    out = str(tmp_path / "temp.bmp")
+    im.save(out)
+
+    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert reloaded.getpalette() == colors
+
+
 def test_save_too_large(tmp_path):
     outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.bmp")
     with Image.new("RGB", (1, 1)) as im:
@@ -157,6 +176,11 @@ def test_rle8():
                 im.load()
 
 
+def test_rle4():
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/bmp/g/pal4rle.bmp") as im:
+        assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/bmp/g/pal4.bmp", 12)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "file_name,length",
     (

Tests/test_file_dds.py

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ TEST_FILE_DX10_BC5_TYPELESS = "Tests/images/bc5_typeless.dds"
 TEST_FILE_DX10_BC5_UNORM = "Tests/images/bc5_unorm.dds"
 TEST_FILE_DX10_BC5_SNORM = "Tests/images/bc5_snorm.dds"
 TEST_FILE_BC5S = "Tests/images/bc5s.dds"
+TEST_FILE_BC6H = "Tests/images/bc6h.dds"
+TEST_FILE_BC6HS = "Tests/images/bc6h_sf.dds"
 TEST_FILE_DX10_BC7 = "Tests/images/bc7-argb-8bpp_MipMaps-1.dds"
 TEST_FILE_DX10_BC7_UNORM_SRGB = "Tests/images/DXGI_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_SRGB.dds"
 TEST_FILE_DX10_R8G8B8A8 = "Tests/images/argb-32bpp_MipMaps-1.dds"
@@ -114,6 +116,20 @@ def test_dx10_bc5(image_path, expected_path):
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, expected_path.replace(".dds", ".png"))
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("image_path", (TEST_FILE_BC6H, TEST_FILE_BC6HS))
+def test_dx10_bc6h(image_path):
+    """Check DX10 BC6H/BC6HS images can be opened"""
+
+    with Image.open(image_path) as im:
+        im.load()
+
+        assert im.format == "DDS"
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"
+        assert im.size == (128, 128)
+
+        assert_image_equal_tofile(im, image_path.replace(".dds", ".png"))
+
+
 def test_dx10_bc7():
     """Check DX10 images can be opened"""
 

Tests/test_file_eps.py

@@ -124,14 +124,6 @@ def test_file_object(tmp_path):
             image1.save(fh, "EPS")
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")
-def test_iobase_object(tmp_path):
-    # issue 479
-    with Image.open(FILE1) as image1:
-        with open(str(tmp_path / "temp_iobase.eps"), "wb") as fh:
-            image1.save(fh, "EPS")
-
-
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")
 def test_bytesio_object():
     with open(FILE1, "rb") as f:
@@ -146,6 +138,11 @@ def test_bytesio_object():
         assert_image_similar(img, image1_scale1_compare, 5)
 
 
+def test_1_mode():
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/1.eps") as im:
+        assert im.mode == "1"
+
+
 def test_image_mode_not_supported(tmp_path):
     im = hopper("RGBA")
     tmpfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.eps")
@@ -198,25 +195,23 @@ def test_render_scale2():
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")
-def test_resize():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("filename", (FILE1, FILE2, "Tests/images/illu10_preview.eps"))
-    files = [FILE1, FILE2, "Tests/images/illu10_preview.eps"]
+def test_resize(filename):
-    for fn in files:
+    with Image.open(filename) as im:
-        with Image.open(fn) as im:
+        new_size = (100, 100)
-            new_size = (100, 100)
+        im = im.resize(new_size)
-            im = im.resize(new_size)
+        assert im.size == new_size
-            assert im.size == new_size
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")
-def test_thumbnail():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("filename", (FILE1, FILE2))
+def test_thumbnail(filename):
     # Issue #619
     # Arrange
-    files = [FILE1, FILE2]
+    with Image.open(filename) as im:
-    for fn in files:
+        new_size = (100, 100)
-        with Image.open(FILE1) as im:
+        im.thumbnail(new_size)
-            new_size = (100, 100)
+        assert max(im.size) == max(new_size)
-            im.thumbnail(new_size)
-            assert max(im.size) == max(new_size)
 
 
 def test_read_binary_preview():
@@ -261,20 +256,19 @@ def test_readline(tmp_path):
         _test_readline_file_psfile(s, ending)
 
 
-def test_open_eps():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1104
+    "filename",
-    # Arrange
+    (
-    FILES = [
         "Tests/images/illu10_no_preview.eps",
         "Tests/images/illu10_preview.eps",
         "Tests/images/illuCS6_no_preview.eps",
         "Tests/images/illuCS6_preview.eps",
-    ]
+    ),
-
+)
-    # Act / Assert
+def test_open_eps(filename):
-    for filename in FILES:
+    # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1104
-        with Image.open(filename) as img:
+    with Image.open(filename) as img:
-            assert img.mode == "RGB"
+        assert img.mode == "RGB"
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_GHOSTSCRIPT, reason="Ghostscript not available")

Tests/test_file_fli.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import pytest
 
 from PIL import FliImagePlugin, Image
 
-from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile, is_pypy
+from .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_equal_tofile, is_pypy
 
 # created as an export of a palette image from Gimp2.6
 # save as...-> hopper.fli, default options.
@@ -79,6 +79,12 @@ def test_invalid_file():
         FliImagePlugin.FliImageFile(invalid_file)
 
 
+def test_palette_chunk_second():
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_palette_chunk_second.fli") as im:
+        with Image.open(static_test_file) as expected:
+            assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), expected.convert("RGB"))
+
+
 def test_n_frames():
     with Image.open(static_test_file) as im:
         assert im.n_frames == 1

Tests/test_file_gif.py

@@ -83,18 +83,40 @@ def test_l_mode_transparency():
         assert im.load()[0, 0] == 128
 
 
+def test_l_mode_after_rgb():
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/no_palette_after_rgb.gif") as im:
+        im.seek(1)
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"
+
+        im.seek(2)
+        assert im.mode == "RGB"
+
+
+def test_palette_not_needed_for_second_frame():
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/palette_not_needed_for_second_frame.gif") as im:
+        im.seek(1)
+        assert_image_similar(im, hopper("L").convert("RGB"), 8)
+
+
 def test_strategy():
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
+        expected_rgb_always = im.convert("RGB")
+
     with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
-        expected_zero = im.convert("RGB")
+        expected_rgb_always_rgba = im.convert("RGBA")
 
         im.seek(1)
-        expected_one = im.convert("RGB")
+        expected_different = im.convert("RGB")
 
     try:
         GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_ALWAYS
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
             assert im.mode == "RGB"
-            assert_image_equal(im, expected_zero)
+            assert_image_equal(im, expected_rgb_always)
+
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/chi.gif") as im:
+            assert im.mode == "RGBA"
+            assert_image_equal(im, expected_rgb_always_rgba)
 
         GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = (
             GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_DIFFERENT_PALETTE_ONLY
@@ -105,7 +127,7 @@ def test_strategy():
 
             im.seek(1)
             assert im.mode == "P"
-            assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), expected_one)
+            assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), expected_different)
 
         # Change to RGB mode when a frame has an individual palette
         with Image.open("Tests/images/iss634.gif") as im:
@@ -793,24 +815,24 @@ def test_identical_frames(tmp_path):
         assert reread.info["duration"] == 4500
 
 
-def test_identical_frames_to_single_frame(tmp_path):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    for duration in ([1000, 1500, 2000, 4000], (1000, 1500, 2000, 4000), 8500):
+    "duration", ([1000, 1500, 2000, 4000], (1000, 1500, 2000, 4000), 8500)
-        out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
+)
-        im_list = [
+def test_identical_frames_to_single_frame(duration, tmp_path):
-            Image.new("L", (100, 100), "#000"),
+    out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
-            Image.new("L", (100, 100), "#000"),
+    im_list = [
-            Image.new("L", (100, 100), "#000"),
+        Image.new("L", (100, 100), "#000"),
-        ]
+        Image.new("L", (100, 100), "#000"),
+        Image.new("L", (100, 100), "#000"),
+    ]
 
-        im_list[0].save(
+    im_list[0].save(out, save_all=True, append_images=im_list[1:], duration=duration)
-            out, save_all=True, append_images=im_list[1:], duration=duration
+    with Image.open(out) as reread:
-        )
+        # Assert that all frames were combined
-        with Image.open(out) as reread:
+        assert reread.n_frames == 1
-            # Assert that all frames were combined
-            assert reread.n_frames == 1
 
-            # Assert that the new duration is the total of the identical frames
+        # Assert that the new duration is the total of the identical frames
-            assert reread.info["duration"] == 8500
+        assert reread.info["duration"] == 8500
 
 
 def test_number_of_loops(tmp_path):
@@ -1087,6 +1109,19 @@ def test_palette_save_P(tmp_path):
         assert_image_equal(reloaded, im)
 
 
+def test_palette_save_duplicate_entries(tmp_path):
+    im = Image.new("P", (1, 2))
+    im.putpixel((0, 1), 1)
+
+    im.putpalette((0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
+    im.save(out, palette=[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1])
+
+    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert reloaded.convert("RGB").getpixel((0, 1)) == (0, 0, 0)
+
+
 def test_palette_save_all_P(tmp_path):
     frames = []
     colors = ((255, 0, 0), (0, 255, 0))

Tests/test_file_im.py

@@ -86,6 +86,18 @@ def test_roundtrip(mode, tmp_path):
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, out)
 
 
+def test_small_palette(tmp_path):
+    im = Image.new("P", (1, 1))
+    colors = [0, 1, 2]
+    im.putpalette(colors)
+
+    out = str(tmp_path / "temp.im")
+    im.save(out)
+
+    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert reloaded.getpalette() == colors + [0] * 765
+
+
 def test_save_unsupported_mode(tmp_path):
     out = str(tmp_path / "temp.im")
     im = hopper("HSV")

Tests/test_file_imt.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import io
+
+import pytest
+
+from PIL import Image, ImtImagePlugin
+
+from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile
+
+
+def test_sanity():
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/bw_gradient.imt") as im:
+        assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/bw_gradient.png")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("data", (b"\n", b"\n-", b"width 1\n"))
+def test_invalid_file(data):
+    with io.BytesIO(data) as fp:
+        with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+            ImtImagePlugin.ImtImageFile(fp)

Tests/test_file_jpeg.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ from .helper import (
 )
 
 try:
-    import defusedxml.ElementTree as ElementTree
+    from defusedxml import ElementTree
 except ImportError:
     ElementTree = None
 
@@ -150,27 +150,30 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             assert not im1.info.get("icc_profile")
             assert im2.info.get("icc_profile")
 
-    def test_icc_big(self):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "n",
+        (
+            0,
+            1,
+            3,
+            4,
+            5,
+            65533 - 14,  # full JPEG marker block
+            65533 - 14 + 1,  # full block plus one byte
+            ImageFile.MAXBLOCK,  # full buffer block
+            ImageFile.MAXBLOCK + 1,  # full buffer block plus one byte
+            ImageFile.MAXBLOCK * 4 + 3,  # large block
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_icc_big(self, n):
         # Make sure that the "extra" support handles large blocks
-        def test(n):
+        # The ICC APP marker can store 65519 bytes per marker, so
-            # The ICC APP marker can store 65519 bytes per marker, so
+        # using a 4-byte test code should allow us to detect out of
-            # using a 4-byte test code should allow us to detect out of
+        # order issues.
-            # order issues.
+        icc_profile = (b"Test" * int(n / 4 + 1))[:n]
-            icc_profile = (b"Test" * int(n / 4 + 1))[:n]
+        assert len(icc_profile) == n  # sanity
-            assert len(icc_profile) == n  # sanity
+        im1 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), icc_profile=icc_profile)
-            im1 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), icc_profile=icc_profile)
+        assert im1.info.get("icc_profile") == (icc_profile or None)
-            assert im1.info.get("icc_profile") == (icc_profile or None)
-
-        test(0)
-        test(1)
-        test(3)
-        test(4)
-        test(5)
-        test(65533 - 14)  # full JPEG marker block
-        test(65533 - 14 + 1)  # full block plus one byte
-        test(ImageFile.MAXBLOCK)  # full buffer block
-        test(ImageFile.MAXBLOCK + 1)  # full buffer block plus one byte
-        test(ImageFile.MAXBLOCK * 4 + 3)  # large block
 
     @mark_if_feature_version(
         pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
@@ -649,19 +652,19 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             # Assert
             assert im.format == "JPEG"
 
-    def test_save_correct_modes(self):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "L", "RGB", "RGBX", "CMYK", "YCbCr"))
+    def test_save_correct_modes(self, mode):
         out = BytesIO()
-        for mode in ["1", "L", "RGB", "RGBX", "CMYK", "YCbCr"]:
+        img = Image.new(mode, (20, 20))
-            img = Image.new(mode, (20, 20))
+        img.save(out, "JPEG")
-            img.save(out, "JPEG")
 
-    def test_save_wrong_modes(self):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("LA", "La", "RGBA", "RGBa", "P"))
+    def test_save_wrong_modes(self, mode):
         # ref https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/2005
         out = BytesIO()
-        for mode in ["LA", "La", "RGBA", "RGBa", "P"]:
+        img = Image.new(mode, (20, 20))
-            img = Image.new(mode, (20, 20))
+        with pytest.raises(OSError):
-            with pytest.raises(OSError):
+            img.save(out, "JPEG")
-                img.save(out, "JPEG")
 
     def test_save_tiff_with_dpi(self, tmp_path):
         # Arrange

Tests/test_file_jpeg2k.py

@@ -126,14 +126,14 @@ def test_prog_res_rt():
     assert_image_equal(im, test_card)
 
 
-def test_default_num_resolutions():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("num_resolutions", range(2, 6))
-    for num_resolutions in range(2, 6):
+def test_default_num_resolutions(num_resolutions):
-        d = 1 << (num_resolutions - 1)
+    d = 1 << (num_resolutions - 1)
-        im = test_card.resize((d - 1, d - 1))
+    im = test_card.resize((d - 1, d - 1))
-        with pytest.raises(OSError):
+    with pytest.raises(OSError):
-            roundtrip(im, num_resolutions=num_resolutions)
+        roundtrip(im, num_resolutions=num_resolutions)
-        reloaded = roundtrip(im)
+    reloaded = roundtrip(im)
-        assert_image_equal(im, reloaded)
+    assert_image_equal(im, reloaded)
 
 
 def test_reduce():
@@ -266,14 +266,11 @@ def test_rgba():
             assert jp2.mode == "RGBA"
 
 
-def test_16bit_monochrome_has_correct_mode():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("ext", (".j2k", ".jp2"))
-    with Image.open("Tests/images/16bit.cropped.j2k") as j2k:
+def test_16bit_monochrome_has_correct_mode(ext):
-        j2k.load()
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/16bit.cropped" + ext) as im:
-        assert j2k.mode == "I;16"
+        im.load()
-
+        assert im.mode == "I;16"
-    with Image.open("Tests/images/16bit.cropped.jp2") as jp2:
-        jp2.load()
-        assert jp2.mode == "I;16"
 
 
 def test_16bit_monochrome_jp2_like_tiff():

Tests/test_file_libtiff.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import io
 import itertools
 import os
 import re
+import sys
 from collections import namedtuple
 
 import pytest
@@ -509,20 +510,13 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
             # colormap/palette tag
             assert len(reloaded.tag_v2[320]) == 768
 
-    def xtest_bw_compression_w_rgb(self, tmp_path):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("compression", ("tiff_ccitt", "group3", "group4"))
-        """This test passes, but when running all tests causes a failure due
+    def test_bw_compression_w_rgb(self, compression, tmp_path):
-        to output on stderr from the error thrown by libtiff. We need to
-        capture that but not now"""
-
         im = hopper("RGB")
         out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
 
         with pytest.raises(OSError):
-            im.save(out, compression="tiff_ccitt")
+            im.save(out, compression=compression)
-        with pytest.raises(OSError):
-            im.save(out, compression="group3")
-        with pytest.raises(OSError):
-            im.save(out, compression="group4")
 
     def test_fp_leak(self):
         im = Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_g4_500.tif")
@@ -832,6 +826,44 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
             assert reloaded.mode == "F"
             assert reloaded.getexif()[SAMPLEFORMAT] == 3
 
+    def test_lzma(self, capfd):
+        try:
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_lzma.tif") as im:
+                assert im.mode == "RGB"
+                assert im.size == (128, 128)
+                assert im.format == "TIFF"
+                im2 = hopper()
+                assert_image_similar(im, im2, 5)
+        except OSError:
+            captured = capfd.readouterr()
+            if "LZMA compression support is not configured" in captured.err:
+                pytest.skip("LZMA compression support is not configured")
+            sys.stdout.write(captured.out)
+            sys.stderr.write(captured.err)
+            raise
+
+    def test_webp(self, capfd):
+        try:
+            with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_webp.tif") as im:
+                assert im.mode == "RGB"
+                assert im.size == (128, 128)
+                assert im.format == "TIFF"
+                assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/hopper_webp.png", 1)
+        except OSError:
+            captured = capfd.readouterr()
+            if "WEBP compression support is not configured" in captured.err:
+                pytest.skip("WEBP compression support is not configured")
+            if (
+                "Compression scheme 50001 strip decoding is not implemented"
+                in captured.err
+            ):
+                pytest.skip(
+                    "Compression scheme 50001 strip decoding is not implemented"
+                )
+            sys.stdout.write(captured.out)
+            sys.stderr.write(captured.err)
+            raise
+
     def test_lzw(self):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_lzw.tif") as im:
             assert im.mode == "RGB"
@@ -941,7 +973,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         im.save(out, exif=tags, compression=compression)
 
         with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
-            for tag in tags.keys():
+            for tag in tags:
                 assert tag not in reloaded.getexif()
 
     def test_old_style_jpeg(self):

Tests/test_file_palm.py

@@ -63,19 +63,7 @@ def test_p_mode(tmp_path):
     roundtrip(tmp_path, mode)
 
 
-def test_l_oserror(tmp_path):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "RGB"))
-    # Arrange
+def test_oserror(tmp_path, mode):
-    mode = "L"
-
-    # Act / Assert
-    with pytest.raises(OSError):
-        helper_save_as_palm(tmp_path, mode)
-
-
-def test_rgb_oserror(tmp_path):
-    # Arrange
-    mode = "RGB"
-
-    # Act / Assert
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
         helper_save_as_palm(tmp_path, mode)

Tests/test_file_pcx.py

@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ def test_invalid_file():
         PcxImagePlugin.PcxImageFile(invalid_file)
 
 
-def test_odd(tmp_path):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "L", "P", "RGB"))
+def test_odd(tmp_path, mode):
     # See issue #523, odd sized images should have a stride that's even.
     # Not that ImageMagick or GIMP write PCX that way.
     # We were not handling properly.
-    for mode in ("1", "L", "P", "RGB"):
+    # larger, odd sized images are better here to ensure that
-        # larger, odd sized images are better here to ensure that
+    # we handle interrupted scan lines properly.
-        # we handle interrupted scan lines properly.
+    _roundtrip(tmp_path, hopper(mode).resize((511, 511)))
-        _roundtrip(tmp_path, hopper(mode).resize((511, 511)))
 
 
 def test_odd_read():

Tests/test_file_pdf.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import time
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image, PdfParser
+from PIL import Image, PdfParser, features
 
 from .helper import hopper, mark_if_feature_version
 
@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ def helper_save_as_pdf(tmp_path, mode, **kwargs):
     return outfile
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "P", "RGB", "CMYK"))
+def test_save(tmp_path, mode):
+    helper_save_as_pdf(tmp_path, mode)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error(reason="Temporary skip")
 def test_monochrome(tmp_path):
     # Arrange
@@ -44,39 +49,7 @@ def test_monochrome(tmp_path):
 
     # Act / Assert
     outfile = helper_save_as_pdf(tmp_path, mode)
-    assert os.path.getsize(outfile) < 5000
+    assert os.path.getsize(outfile) < (5000 if features.check("libtiff") else 15000)
-
-
-def test_greyscale(tmp_path):
-    # Arrange
-    mode = "L"
-
-    # Act / Assert
-    helper_save_as_pdf(tmp_path, mode)
-
-
-def test_rgb(tmp_path):
-    # Arrange
-    mode = "RGB"
-
-    # Act / Assert
-    helper_save_as_pdf(tmp_path, mode)
-
-
-def test_p_mode(tmp_path):
-    # Arrange
-    mode = "P"
-
-    # Act / Assert
-    helper_save_as_pdf(tmp_path, mode)
-
-
-def test_cmyk_mode(tmp_path):
-    # Arrange
-    mode = "CMYK"
-
-    # Act / Assert
-    helper_save_as_pdf(tmp_path, mode)
 
 
 def test_unsupported_mode(tmp_path):

Tests/test_file_png.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from .helper import (
 )
 
 try:
-    import defusedxml.ElementTree as ElementTree
+    from defusedxml import ElementTree
 except ImportError:
     ElementTree = None
 

Tests/test_file_ppm.py

@@ -240,8 +240,8 @@ def test_header_token_too_long(tmp_path):
 def test_truncated_file(tmp_path):
     # Test EOF in header
     path = str(tmp_path / "temp.pgm")
-    with open(path, "w") as f:
+    with open(path, "wb") as f:
-        f.write("P6")
+        f.write(b"P6")
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:
         with Image.open(path):
@@ -256,11 +256,11 @@ def test_truncated_file(tmp_path):
             im.load()
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("maxval", (0, 65536))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("maxval", (b"0", b"65536"))
 def test_invalid_maxval(maxval, tmp_path):
     path = str(tmp_path / "temp.ppm")
-    with open(path, "w") as f:
+    with open(path, "wb") as f:
-        f.write("P6\n3 1 " + str(maxval))
+        f.write(b"P6\n3 1 " + maxval)
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:
         with Image.open(path):
@@ -283,13 +283,13 @@ def test_neg_ppm():
 def test_mimetypes(tmp_path):
     path = str(tmp_path / "temp.pgm")
 
-    with open(path, "w") as f:
+    with open(path, "wb") as f:
-        f.write("P4\n128 128\n255")
+        f.write(b"P4\n128 128\n255")
     with Image.open(path) as im:
         assert im.get_format_mimetype() == "image/x-portable-bitmap"
 
-    with open(path, "w") as f:
+    with open(path, "wb") as f:
-        f.write("PyCMYK\n128 128\n255")
+        f.write(b"PyCMYK\n128 128\n255")
     with Image.open(path) as im:
         assert im.get_format_mimetype() == "image/x-portable-anymap"
 

Tests/test_file_tga.py

@@ -120,6 +120,18 @@ def test_save(tmp_path):
         assert test_im.size == (100, 100)
 
 
+def test_small_palette(tmp_path):
+    im = Image.new("P", (1, 1))
+    colors = [0, 0, 0]
+    im.putpalette(colors)
+
+    out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tga")
+    im.save(out)
+
+    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert reloaded.getpalette() == colors
+
+
 def test_save_wrong_mode(tmp_path):
     im = hopper("PA")
     out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tga")

Tests/test_file_tiff.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from .helper import (
 )
 
 try:
-    import defusedxml.ElementTree as ElementTree
+    from defusedxml import ElementTree
 except ImportError:
     ElementTree = None
 
@@ -84,6 +84,24 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             with Image.open("Tests/images/multipage.tiff") as im:
                 im.load()
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "path, sizes",
+        (
+            ("Tests/images/hopper.tif", ()),
+            ("Tests/images/child_ifd.tiff", (16, 8)),
+            ("Tests/images/child_ifd_jpeg.tiff", (20,)),
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_get_child_images(self, path, sizes):
+        with Image.open(path) as im:
+            ims = im.get_child_images()
+
+        assert len(ims) == len(sizes)
+        for i, im in enumerate(ims):
+            w = sizes[i]
+            expected = Image.new("RGB", (w, w), "#f00")
+            assert_image_similar(im, expected, 1)
+
     def test_mac_tiff(self):
         # Read RGBa images from macOS [@PIL136]
 
@@ -293,14 +311,17 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_unknown_pixel_mode.tif"):
                 pass
 
-    def test_n_frames(self):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-        for path, n_frames in [
+        "path, n_frames",
-            ["Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif", 1],
+        (
-            ["Tests/images/multipage.tiff", 3],
+            ("Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif", 1),
-        ]:
+            ("Tests/images/multipage.tiff", 3),
-            with Image.open(path) as im:
+        ),
-                assert im.n_frames == n_frames
+    )
-                assert im.is_animated == (n_frames != 1)
+    def test_n_frames(self, path, n_frames):
+        with Image.open(path) as im:
+            assert im.n_frames == n_frames
+            assert im.is_animated == (n_frames != 1)
 
     def test_eoferror(self):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/multipage-lastframe.tif") as im:
@@ -416,12 +437,12 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             len_after = len(dict(im.ifd))
             assert len_before == len_after + 1
 
-    def test_load_byte(self):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("legacy_api", (False, True))
-        for legacy_api in [False, True]:
+    def test_load_byte(self, legacy_api):
-            ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
+        ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
-            data = b"abc"
+        data = b"abc"
-            ret = ifd.load_byte(data, legacy_api)
+        ret = ifd.load_byte(data, legacy_api)
-            assert ret == b"abc"
+        assert ret == b"abc"
 
     def test_load_string(self):
         ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
@@ -667,18 +688,15 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
                 assert_image_equal_tofile(reloaded, infile)
 
-    def test_palette(self, tmp_path):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("P", "PA"))
-        def roundtrip(mode):
+    def test_palette(self, mode, tmp_path):
-            outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
+        outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
 
-            im = hopper(mode)
+        im = hopper(mode)
-            im.save(outfile)
+        im.save(outfile)
 
-            with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
+        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
-                assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), reloaded.convert("RGB"))
+            assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), reloaded.convert("RGB"))
-
-        for mode in ["P", "PA"]:
-            roundtrip(mode)
 
     def test_tiff_save_all(self):
         mp = BytesIO()

Tests/test_file_tiff_metadata.py

@@ -185,6 +185,22 @@ def test_iptc(tmp_path):
         im.save(out)
 
 
+def test_writing_bytes_to_ascii(tmp_path):
+    im = hopper()
+    info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
+
+    tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[271]
+    assert tag.type == TiffTags.ASCII
+
+    info[271] = b"test"
+
+    out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tiff")
+    im.save(out, tiffinfo=info)
+
+    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert reloaded.tag_v2[271] == "test"
+
+
 def test_undefined_zero(tmp_path):
     # Check that the tag has not been changed since this test was created
     tag = TiffTags.TAGS_V2[45059]

Tests/test_file_webp_metadata.py

@@ -55,9 +55,7 @@ def test_write_exif_metadata():
     test_buffer.seek(0)
     with Image.open(test_buffer) as webp_image:
         webp_exif = webp_image.info.get("exif", None)
-    assert webp_exif
+    assert webp_exif == expected_exif[6:], "WebP EXIF didn't match"
-    if webp_exif:
-        assert webp_exif == expected_exif, "WebP EXIF didn't match"
 
 
 def test_read_icc_profile():

Tests/test_font_pcf_charsets.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import os
 
+import pytest
+
 from PIL import FontFile, Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, PcfFontFile
 
 from .helper import (
@@ -59,23 +61,13 @@ def save_font(request, tmp_path, encoding):
     return tempname
 
 
-def _test_sanity(request, tmp_path, encoding):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("encoding", ("iso8859-1", "iso8859-2", "cp1250"))
+def test_sanity(request, tmp_path, encoding):
     save_font(request, tmp_path, encoding)
 
 
-def test_sanity_iso8859_1(request, tmp_path):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("encoding", ("iso8859-1", "iso8859-2", "cp1250"))
-    _test_sanity(request, tmp_path, "iso8859-1")
+def test_draw(request, tmp_path, encoding):
-
-
-def test_sanity_iso8859_2(request, tmp_path):
-    _test_sanity(request, tmp_path, "iso8859-2")
-
-
-def test_sanity_cp1250(request, tmp_path):
-    _test_sanity(request, tmp_path, "cp1250")
-
-
-def _test_draw(request, tmp_path, encoding):
     tempname = save_font(request, tmp_path, encoding)
     font = ImageFont.load(tempname)
     im = Image.new("L", (150, 30), "white")
@@ -85,19 +77,8 @@ def _test_draw(request, tmp_path, encoding):
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, charsets[encoding]["image1"], 0)
 
 
-def test_draw_iso8859_1(request, tmp_path):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("encoding", ("iso8859-1", "iso8859-2", "cp1250"))
-    _test_draw(request, tmp_path, "iso8859-1")
+def test_textsize(request, tmp_path, encoding):
-
-
-def test_draw_iso8859_2(request, tmp_path):
-    _test_draw(request, tmp_path, "iso8859-2")
-
-
-def test_draw_cp1250(request, tmp_path):
-    _test_draw(request, tmp_path, "cp1250")
-
-
-def _test_textsize(request, tmp_path, encoding):
     tempname = save_font(request, tmp_path, encoding)
     font = ImageFont.load(tempname)
     for i in range(255):
@@ -112,15 +93,3 @@ def _test_textsize(request, tmp_path, encoding):
         msg = message[: i + 1]
         assert font.getlength(msg) == len(msg) * 10
         assert font.getbbox(msg) == (0, 0, len(msg) * 10, 20)
-
-
-def test_textsize_iso8859_1(request, tmp_path):
-    _test_textsize(request, tmp_path, "iso8859-1")
-
-
-def test_textsize_iso8859_2(request, tmp_path):
-    _test_textsize(request, tmp_path, "iso8859-2")
-
-
-def test_textsize_cp1250(request, tmp_path):
-    _test_textsize(request, tmp_path, "cp1250")

Tests/test_image.py

@@ -129,8 +129,6 @@ class TestImage:
             im.size = (3, 4)
 
     def test_invalid_image(self):
-        import io
-
         im = io.BytesIO(b"")
         with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):
             with Image.open(im):
@@ -620,6 +618,7 @@ class TestImage:
 
         im_remapped = im.remap_palette([1, 0])
         assert im_remapped.info["transparency"] == 1
+        assert len(im_remapped.getpalette()) == 6
 
         # Test unused transparency
         im.info["transparency"] = 2
@@ -698,15 +697,15 @@ class TestImage:
     def test_empty_exif(self):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/exif.png") as im:
             exif = im.getexif()
-        assert dict(exif) != {}
+        assert dict(exif)
 
         # Test that exif data is cleared after another load
         exif.load(None)
-        assert dict(exif) == {}
+        assert not dict(exif)
 
         # Test loading just the EXIF header
         exif.load(b"Exif\x00\x00")
-        assert dict(exif) == {}
+        assert not dict(exif)
 
     @mark_if_feature_version(
         pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"

Tests/test_image_access.py

@@ -131,8 +131,7 @@ class TestImageGetPixel(AccessTest):
         bands = Image.getmodebands(mode)
         if bands == 1:
             return 1
-        else:
+        return tuple(range(1, bands + 1))
-            return tuple(range(1, bands + 1))
 
     def check(self, mode, c=None):
         if not c:
@@ -215,11 +214,14 @@ class TestImageGetPixel(AccessTest):
         self.check(mode, 2**15 + 1)
         self.check(mode, 2**16 - 1)
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("P", "PA"))
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("color", ((255, 0, 0), (255, 0, 0, 255)))
-    def test_p_putpixel_rgb_rgba(self, color):
+    def test_p_putpixel_rgb_rgba(self, mode, color):
-        im = Image.new("P", (1, 1), 0)
+        im = Image.new(mode, (1, 1))
         im.putpixel((0, 0), color)
-        assert im.convert("RGB").getpixel((0, 0)) == (255, 0, 0)
+
+        alpha = color[3] if len(color) == 4 and mode == "PA" else 255
+        assert im.convert("RGBA").getpixel((0, 0)) == (255, 0, 0, alpha)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(cffi is None, reason="No CFFI")
@@ -340,12 +342,16 @@ class TestCffi(AccessTest):
                 # pixels can contain garbage if image is released
                 assert px[i, 0] == 0
 
-    def test_p_putpixel_rgb_rgba(self):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("P", "PA"))
-        for color in [(255, 0, 0), (255, 0, 0, 255)]:
+    def test_p_putpixel_rgb_rgba(self, mode):
-            im = Image.new("P", (1, 1), 0)
+        for color in ((255, 0, 0), (255, 0, 0, 127 if mode == "PA" else 255)):
+            im = Image.new(mode, (1, 1))
             access = PyAccess.new(im, False)
             access.putpixel((0, 0), color)
-            assert im.convert("RGB").getpixel((0, 0)) == (255, 0, 0)
+
+            if len(color) == 3:
+                color += (255,)
+            assert im.convert("RGBA").getpixel((0, 0)) == color
 
 
 class TestImagePutPixelError(AccessTest):
@@ -408,7 +414,7 @@ class TestEmbeddable:
     def test_embeddable(self):
         import ctypes
 
-        with open("embed_pil.c", "w") as fh:
+        with open("embed_pil.c", "w", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
             fh.write(
                 """
 #include "Python.h"

Tests/test_image_array.py

@@ -35,10 +35,13 @@ def test_toarray():
     test_with_dtype(numpy.float64)
     test_with_dtype(numpy.uint8)
 
-    if parse_version(numpy.__version__) >= parse_version("1.23"):
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_jpeg.jpg") as im_truncated:
-        with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_jpeg.jpg") as im_truncated:
+        if parse_version(numpy.__version__) >= parse_version("1.23"):
             with pytest.raises(OSError):
                 numpy.array(im_truncated)
+        else:
+            with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
+                numpy.array(im_truncated)
 
 
 def test_fromarray():

Tests/test_image_convert.py

@@ -38,6 +38,12 @@ def test_sanity():
             convert(im, output_mode)
 
 
+def test_unsupported_conversion():
+    im = hopper()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        im.convert("INVALID")
+
+
 def test_default():
 
     im = hopper("P")
@@ -236,6 +242,23 @@ def test_p2pa_alpha():
             assert im_a.getpixel((x, y)) == alpha
 
 
+def test_p2pa_palette():
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/tiny.png") as im:
+        im_pa = im.convert("PA")
+    assert im_pa.getpalette() == im.getpalette()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("RGB", "RGBA", "RGBX"))
+def test_rgb_lab(mode):
+    im = Image.new(mode, (1, 1))
+    converted_im = im.convert("LAB")
+    assert converted_im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (0, 128, 128)
+
+    im = Image.new("LAB", (1, 1), (255, 0, 0))
+    converted_im = im.convert(mode)
+    assert converted_im.getpixel((0, 0))[:3] == (0, 255, 255)
+
+
 def test_matrix_illegal_conversion():
     # Arrange
     im = hopper("CMYK")

Tests/test_image_filter.py

@@ -5,90 +5,109 @@ from PIL import Image, ImageFilter
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    def apply_filter(filter_to_apply):
+    "filter_to_apply",
-        for mode in ["L", "RGB", "CMYK"]:
+    (
-            im = hopper(mode)
+        ImageFilter.BLUR,
-            out = im.filter(filter_to_apply)
+        ImageFilter.CONTOUR,
-            assert out.mode == im.mode
+        ImageFilter.DETAIL,
-            assert out.size == im.size
+        ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE,
+        ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE,
+        ImageFilter.EMBOSS,
+        ImageFilter.FIND_EDGES,
+        ImageFilter.SMOOTH,
+        ImageFilter.SMOOTH_MORE,
+        ImageFilter.SHARPEN,
+        ImageFilter.MaxFilter,
+        ImageFilter.MedianFilter,
+        ImageFilter.MinFilter,
+        ImageFilter.ModeFilter,
+        ImageFilter.GaussianBlur,
+        ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(5),
+        ImageFilter.BoxBlur(5),
+        ImageFilter.UnsharpMask,
+        ImageFilter.UnsharpMask(10),
+    ),
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "RGB", "CMYK"))
+def test_sanity(filter_to_apply, mode):
+    im = hopper(mode)
+    out = im.filter(filter_to_apply)
+    assert out.mode == im.mode
+    assert out.size == im.size
 
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.BLUR)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.CONTOUR)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.DETAIL)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.EMBOSS)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.FIND_EDGES)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.SMOOTH)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.SMOOTH_MORE)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.SHARPEN)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.MaxFilter)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.MedianFilter)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.MinFilter)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.ModeFilter)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(5))
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.BoxBlur(5))
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.UnsharpMask)
-    apply_filter(ImageFilter.UnsharpMask(10))
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "RGB", "CMYK"))
+def test_sanity_error(mode):
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        apply_filter("hello")
+        im = hopper(mode)
+        im.filter("hello")
 
 
-def test_crash():
+# crashes on small images
-
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("size", ((1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)))
-    # crashes on small images
+def test_crash(size):
-    im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
+    im = Image.new("RGB", size)
-    im.filter(ImageFilter.SMOOTH)
-
-    im = Image.new("RGB", (2, 2))
-    im.filter(ImageFilter.SMOOTH)
-
-    im = Image.new("RGB", (3, 3))
     im.filter(ImageFilter.SMOOTH)
 
 
-def test_modefilter():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    def modefilter(mode):
+    "mode, expected",
-        im = Image.new(mode, (3, 3), None)
+    (
-        im.putdata(list(range(9)))
+        ("1", (4, 0)),
-        # image is:
+        ("L", (4, 0)),
-        #   0 1 2
+        ("P", (4, 0)),
-        #   3 4 5
+        ("RGB", ((4, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0))),
-        #   6 7 8
+    ),
-        mod = im.filter(ImageFilter.ModeFilter).getpixel((1, 1))
+)
-        im.putdata([0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 1, 5, 2, 0])  # mode=0
+def test_modefilter(mode, expected):
-        mod2 = im.filter(ImageFilter.ModeFilter).getpixel((1, 1))
+    im = Image.new(mode, (3, 3), None)
-        return mod, mod2
+    im.putdata(list(range(9)))
-
+    # image is:
-    assert modefilter("1") == (4, 0)
+    #   0 1 2
-    assert modefilter("L") == (4, 0)
+    #   3 4 5
-    assert modefilter("P") == (4, 0)
+    #   6 7 8
-    assert modefilter("RGB") == ((4, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0))
+    mod = im.filter(ImageFilter.ModeFilter).getpixel((1, 1))
+    im.putdata([0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 1, 5, 2, 0])  # mode=0
+    mod2 = im.filter(ImageFilter.ModeFilter).getpixel((1, 1))
+    assert (mod, mod2) == expected
 
 
-def test_rankfilter():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    def rankfilter(mode):
+    "mode, expected",
-        im = Image.new(mode, (3, 3), None)
+    (
-        im.putdata(list(range(9)))
+        ("1", (0, 4, 8)),
-        # image is:
+        ("L", (0, 4, 8)),
-        #   0 1 2
+        ("RGB", ((0, 0, 0), (4, 0, 0), (8, 0, 0))),
-        #   3 4 5
+        ("I", (0, 4, 8)),
-        #   6 7 8
+        ("F", (0.0, 4.0, 8.0)),
-        minimum = im.filter(ImageFilter.MinFilter).getpixel((1, 1))
+    ),
-        med = im.filter(ImageFilter.MedianFilter).getpixel((1, 1))
+)
-        maximum = im.filter(ImageFilter.MaxFilter).getpixel((1, 1))
+def test_rankfilter(mode, expected):
-        return minimum, med, maximum
+    im = Image.new(mode, (3, 3), None)
+    im.putdata(list(range(9)))
+    # image is:
+    #   0 1 2
+    #   3 4 5
+    #   6 7 8
+    minimum = im.filter(ImageFilter.MinFilter).getpixel((1, 1))
+    med = im.filter(ImageFilter.MedianFilter).getpixel((1, 1))
+    maximum = im.filter(ImageFilter.MaxFilter).getpixel((1, 1))
+    assert (minimum, med, maximum) == expected
 
-    assert rankfilter("1") == (0, 4, 8)
+
-    assert rankfilter("L") == (0, 4, 8)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "filter", (ImageFilter.MinFilter, ImageFilter.MedianFilter, ImageFilter.MaxFilter)
+)
+def test_rankfilter_error(filter):
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        rankfilter("P")
+        im = Image.new("P", (3, 3), None)
-    assert rankfilter("RGB") == ((0, 0, 0), (4, 0, 0), (8, 0, 0))
+        im.putdata(list(range(9)))
-    assert rankfilter("I") == (0, 4, 8)
+        # image is:
-    assert rankfilter("F") == (0.0, 4.0, 8.0)
+        #   0 1 2
+        #   3 4 5
+        #   6 7 8
+        im.filter(filter).getpixel((1, 1))
 
 
 def test_rankfilter_properties():
@@ -110,7 +129,8 @@ def test_kernel_not_enough_coefficients():
         ImageFilter.Kernel((3, 3), (0, 0))
 
 
-def test_consistency_3x3():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "LA", "RGB", "CMYK"))
+def test_consistency_3x3(mode):
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.bmp") as source:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_emboss.bmp") as reference:
             kernel = ImageFilter.Kernel(
@@ -125,14 +145,14 @@ def test_consistency_3x3():
             source = source.split() * 2
             reference = reference.split() * 2
 
-            for mode in ["L", "LA", "RGB", "CMYK"]:
+            assert_image_equal(
-                assert_image_equal(
+                Image.merge(mode, source[: len(mode)]).filter(kernel),
-                    Image.merge(mode, source[: len(mode)]).filter(kernel),
+                Image.merge(mode, reference[: len(mode)]),
-                    Image.merge(mode, reference[: len(mode)]),
+            )
-                )
 
 
-def test_consistency_5x5():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "LA", "RGB", "CMYK"))
+def test_consistency_5x5(mode):
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.bmp") as source:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_emboss_more.bmp") as reference:
             kernel = ImageFilter.Kernel(
@@ -149,8 +169,7 @@ def test_consistency_5x5():
             source = source.split() * 2
             reference = reference.split() * 2
 
-            for mode in ["L", "LA", "RGB", "CMYK"]:
+            assert_image_equal(
-                assert_image_equal(
+                Image.merge(mode, source[: len(mode)]).filter(kernel),
-                    Image.merge(mode, source[: len(mode)]).filter(kernel),
+                Image.merge(mode, reference[: len(mode)]),
-                    Image.merge(mode, reference[: len(mode)]),
+            )
-                )

Tests/test_image_reduce.py

@@ -38,58 +38,64 @@ gradients_image = Image.open("Tests/images/radial_gradients.png")
 gradients_image.load()
 
 
-def test_args_factor():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "size, expected",
+    (
+        (3, (4, 4)),
+        ((3, 1), (4, 10)),
+        ((1, 3), (10, 4)),
+    ),
+)
+def test_args_factor(size, expected):
     im = Image.new("L", (10, 10))
-
+    assert expected == im.reduce(size).size
-    assert (4, 4) == im.reduce(3).size
-    assert (4, 10) == im.reduce((3, 1)).size
-    assert (10, 4) == im.reduce((1, 3)).size
-
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        im.reduce(0)
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        im.reduce(2.0)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        im.reduce((0, 10))
 
 
-def test_args_box():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "size, expected_error", ((0, ValueError), (2.0, TypeError), ((0, 10), ValueError))
+)
+def test_args_factor_error(size, expected_error):
     im = Image.new("L", (10, 10))
-
+    with pytest.raises(expected_error):
-    assert (5, 5) == im.reduce(2, (0, 0, 10, 10)).size
+        im.reduce(size)
-    assert (1, 1) == im.reduce(2, (5, 5, 6, 6)).size
-
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        im.reduce(2, "stri")
-    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        im.reduce(2, 2)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        im.reduce(2, (0, 0, 11, 10))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        im.reduce(2, (0, 0, 10, 11))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        im.reduce(2, (-1, 0, 10, 10))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        im.reduce(2, (0, -1, 10, 10))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        im.reduce(2, (0, 5, 10, 5))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        im.reduce(2, (5, 0, 5, 10))
 
 
-def test_unsupported_modes():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "size, expected",
+    (
+        ((0, 0, 10, 10), (5, 5)),
+        ((5, 5, 6, 6), (1, 1)),
+    ),
+)
+def test_args_box(size, expected):
+    im = Image.new("L", (10, 10))
+    assert expected == im.reduce(2, size).size
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "size, expected_error",
+    (
+        ("stri", TypeError),
+        ((0, 0, 11, 10), ValueError),
+        ((0, 0, 10, 11), ValueError),
+        ((-1, 0, 10, 10), ValueError),
+        ((0, -1, 10, 10), ValueError),
+        ((0, 5, 10, 5), ValueError),
+        ((5, 0, 5, 10), ValueError),
+    ),
+)
+def test_args_box_error(size, expected_error):
+    im = Image.new("L", (10, 10))
+    with pytest.raises(expected_error):
+        im.reduce(2, size).size
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("P", "1", "I;16"))
+def test_unsupported_modes(mode):
     im = Image.new("P", (10, 10))
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         im.reduce(3)
 
-    im = Image.new("1", (10, 10))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        im.reduce(3)
-
-    im = Image.new("I;16", (10, 10))
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        im.reduce(3)
-
 
 def get_image(mode):
     mode_info = ImageMode.getmode(mode)
@@ -190,70 +196,76 @@ def assert_compare_images(a, b, max_average_diff, max_diff=255):
         )
 
 
-def test_mode_L():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("factor", remarkable_factors)
+def test_mode_L(factor):
     im = get_image("L")
-    for factor in remarkable_factors:
+    compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor)
+    compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
 
 
-def test_mode_LA():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("factor", remarkable_factors)
+def test_mode_LA(factor):
     im = get_image("LA")
-    for factor in remarkable_factors:
+    compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor, 0.8, 5)
-        compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor, 0.8, 5)
 
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("factor", remarkable_factors)
+def test_mode_LA_opaque(factor):
+    im = get_image("LA")
     # With opaque alpha, an error should be way smaller.
     im.putalpha(Image.new("L", im.size, 255))
-    for factor in remarkable_factors:
+    compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor)
+    compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
 
 
-def test_mode_La():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("factor", remarkable_factors)
+def test_mode_La(factor):
     im = get_image("La")
-    for factor in remarkable_factors:
+    compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor)
+    compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
 
 
-def test_mode_RGB():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("factor", remarkable_factors)
+def test_mode_RGB(factor):
     im = get_image("RGB")
-    for factor in remarkable_factors:
+    compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor)
+    compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
 
 
-def test_mode_RGBA():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("factor", remarkable_factors)
+def test_mode_RGBA(factor):
     im = get_image("RGBA")
-    for factor in remarkable_factors:
+    compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor, 0.8, 5)
-        compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor, 0.8, 5)
 
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("factor", remarkable_factors)
+def test_mode_RGBA_opaque(factor):
+    im = get_image("RGBA")
     # With opaque alpha, an error should be way smaller.
     im.putalpha(Image.new("L", im.size, 255))
-    for factor in remarkable_factors:
+    compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor)
+    compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
 
 
-def test_mode_RGBa():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("factor", remarkable_factors)
+def test_mode_RGBa(factor):
     im = get_image("RGBa")
-    for factor in remarkable_factors:
+    compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor)
+    compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
 
 
-def test_mode_I():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("factor", remarkable_factors)
+def test_mode_I(factor):
     im = get_image("I")
-    for factor in remarkable_factors:
+    compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor)
+    compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
 
 
-def test_mode_F():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("factor", remarkable_factors)
+def test_mode_F(factor):
     im = get_image("F")
-    for factor in remarkable_factors:
+    compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor, 0, 0)
-        compare_reduce_with_reference(im, factor, 0, 0)
+    compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
-        compare_reduce_with_box(im, factor)
 
 
 @skip_unless_feature("jpg_2000")

Tests/test_image_resample.py

@@ -554,44 +554,48 @@ class TestCoreResampleBox:
                 # check that the difference at least that much
                 assert_image_similar(res, im.crop(box), 20, f">>> {size} {box}")
 
-    def test_skip_horizontal(self):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "flt", (Image.Resampling.NEAREST, Image.Resampling.BICUBIC)
+    )
+    def test_skip_horizontal(self, flt):
         # Can skip resize for one dimension
         im = hopper()
 
-        for flt in [Image.Resampling.NEAREST, Image.Resampling.BICUBIC]:
+        for size, box in [
-            for size, box in [
+            ((40, 50), (0, 0, 40, 90)),
-                ((40, 50), (0, 0, 40, 90)),
+            ((40, 50), (0, 20, 40, 90)),
-                ((40, 50), (0, 20, 40, 90)),
+            ((40, 50), (10, 0, 50, 90)),
-                ((40, 50), (10, 0, 50, 90)),
+            ((40, 50), (10, 20, 50, 90)),
-                ((40, 50), (10, 20, 50, 90)),
+        ]:
-            ]:
+            res = im.resize(size, flt, box)
-                res = im.resize(size, flt, box)
+            assert res.size == size
-                assert res.size == size
+            # Borders should be slightly different
-                # Borders should be slightly different
+            assert_image_similar(
-                assert_image_similar(
+                res,
-                    res,
+                im.crop(box).resize(size, flt),
-                    im.crop(box).resize(size, flt),
+                0.4,
-                    0.4,
+                f">>> {size} {box} {flt}",
-                    f">>> {size} {box} {flt}",
+            )
-                )
 
-    def test_skip_vertical(self):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "flt", (Image.Resampling.NEAREST, Image.Resampling.BICUBIC)
+    )
+    def test_skip_vertical(self, flt):
         # Can skip resize for one dimension
         im = hopper()
 
-        for flt in [Image.Resampling.NEAREST, Image.Resampling.BICUBIC]:
+        for size, box in [
-            for size, box in [
+            ((40, 50), (0, 0, 90, 50)),
-                ((40, 50), (0, 0, 90, 50)),
+            ((40, 50), (20, 0, 90, 50)),
-                ((40, 50), (20, 0, 90, 50)),
+            ((40, 50), (0, 10, 90, 60)),
-                ((40, 50), (0, 10, 90, 60)),
+            ((40, 50), (20, 10, 90, 60)),
-                ((40, 50), (20, 10, 90, 60)),
+        ]:
-            ]:
+            res = im.resize(size, flt, box)
-                res = im.resize(size, flt, box)
+            assert res.size == size
-                assert res.size == size
+            # Borders should be slightly different
-                # Borders should be slightly different
+            assert_image_similar(
-                assert_image_similar(
+                res,
-                    res,
+                im.crop(box).resize(size, flt),
-                    im.crop(box).resize(size, flt),
+                0.4,
-                    0.4,
+                f">>> {size} {box} {flt}",
-                    f">>> {size} {box} {flt}",
+            )
-                )

Tests/test_image_split.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import pytest
+
 from PIL import Image, features
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper
@@ -29,19 +31,12 @@ def test_split():
     assert split("YCbCr") == [("L", 128, 128), ("L", 128, 128), ("L", 128, 128)]
 
 
-def test_split_merge():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    def split_merge(mode):
+    "mode", ("1", "L", "I", "F", "P", "RGB", "RGBA", "CMYK", "YCbCr")
-        return Image.merge(mode, hopper(mode).split())
+)
-
+def test_split_merge(mode):
-    assert_image_equal(hopper("1"), split_merge("1"))
+    expected = Image.merge(mode, hopper(mode).split())
-    assert_image_equal(hopper("L"), split_merge("L"))
+    assert_image_equal(hopper(mode), expected)
-    assert_image_equal(hopper("I"), split_merge("I"))
-    assert_image_equal(hopper("F"), split_merge("F"))
-    assert_image_equal(hopper("P"), split_merge("P"))
-    assert_image_equal(hopper("RGB"), split_merge("RGB"))
-    assert_image_equal(hopper("RGBA"), split_merge("RGBA"))
-    assert_image_equal(hopper("CMYK"), split_merge("CMYK"))
-    assert_image_equal(hopper("YCbCr"), split_merge("YCbCr"))
 
 
 def test_split_open(tmp_path):

Tests/test_image_thumbnail.py

@@ -97,6 +97,28 @@ def test_load_first():
         im.thumbnail((64, 64))
         assert im.size == (64, 10)
 
+    # Test thumbnail(), without draft(),
+    # on an image that is large enough once load() has changed the size
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/g4_orientation_5.tif") as im:
+        im.thumbnail((590, 88), reducing_gap=None)
+        assert im.size == (590, 88)
+
+
+def test_load_first_unless_jpeg():
+    # Test that thumbnail() still uses draft() for JPEG
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.jpg") as im:
+        draft = im.draft
+
+        def im_draft(mode, size):
+            result = draft(mode, size)
+            assert result is not None
+
+            return result
+
+        im.draft = im_draft
+
+        im.thumbnail((64, 64))
+
 
 # valgrind test is failing with memory allocated in libjpeg
 @pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error(reason="Known Failing")

Tests/test_image_transform.py

@@ -75,23 +75,25 @@ class TestImageTransform:
 
         assert_image_equal(transformed, scaled)
 
-    def test_fill(self):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-        for mode, pixel in [
+        "mode, expected_pixel",
-            ["RGB", (255, 0, 0)],
+        (
-            ["RGBA", (255, 0, 0, 255)],
+            ("RGB", (255, 0, 0)),
-            ["LA", (76, 0)],
+            ("RGBA", (255, 0, 0, 255)),
-        ]:
+            ("LA", (76, 0)),
-            im = hopper(mode)
+        ),
-            (w, h) = im.size
+    )
-            transformed = im.transform(
+    def test_fill(self, mode, expected_pixel):
-                im.size,
+        im = hopper(mode)
-                Image.Transform.EXTENT,
+        (w, h) = im.size
-                (0, 0, w * 2, h * 2),
+        transformed = im.transform(
-                Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
+            im.size,
-                fillcolor="red",
+            Image.Transform.EXTENT,
-            )
+            (0, 0, w * 2, h * 2),
-
+            Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
-            assert transformed.getpixel((w - 1, h - 1)) == pixel
+            fillcolor="red",
+        )
+        assert transformed.getpixel((w - 1, h - 1)) == expected_pixel
 
     def test_mesh(self):
         # this should be a checkerboard of halfsized hoppers in ul, lr
@@ -222,14 +224,12 @@ class TestImageTransform:
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                 im.transform((100, 100), None)
 
-    def test_unknown_resampling_filter(self):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("resample", (Image.Resampling.BOX, "unknown"))
+    def test_unknown_resampling_filter(self, resample):
         with hopper() as im:
             (w, h) = im.size
-            for resample in (Image.Resampling.BOX, "unknown"):
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                im.transform((100, 100), Image.Transform.EXTENT, (0, 0, w, h), resample)
-                    im.transform(
-                        (100, 100), Image.Transform.EXTENT, (0, 0, w, h), resample
-                    )
 
 
 class TestImageTransformAffine:
@@ -239,7 +239,16 @@ class TestImageTransformAffine:
         im = hopper("RGB")
         return im.crop((10, 20, im.width - 10, im.height - 20))
 
-    def _test_rotate(self, deg, transpose):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "deg, transpose",
+        (
+            (0, None),
+            (90, Image.Transpose.ROTATE_90),
+            (180, Image.Transpose.ROTATE_180),
+            (270, Image.Transpose.ROTATE_270),
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_rotate(self, deg, transpose):
         im = self._test_image()
 
         angle = -math.radians(deg)
@@ -271,77 +280,65 @@ class TestImageTransformAffine:
             )
             assert_image_equal(transposed, transformed)
 
-    def test_rotate_0_deg(self):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-        self._test_rotate(0, None)
+        "scale, epsilon_scale",
-
+        (
-    def test_rotate_90_deg(self):
+            (1.1, 6.9),
-        self._test_rotate(90, Image.Transpose.ROTATE_90)
+            (1.5, 5.5),
-
+            (2.0, 5.5),
-    def test_rotate_180_deg(self):
+            (2.3, 3.7),
-        self._test_rotate(180, Image.Transpose.ROTATE_180)
+            (2.5, 3.7),
-
+        ),
-    def test_rotate_270_deg(self):
+    )
-        self._test_rotate(270, Image.Transpose.ROTATE_270)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-
+        "resample,epsilon",
-    def _test_resize(self, scale, epsilonscale):
+        (
+            (Image.Resampling.NEAREST, 0),
+            (Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 2),
+            (Image.Resampling.BICUBIC, 1),
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_resize(self, scale, epsilon_scale, resample, epsilon):
         im = self._test_image()
 
         size_up = int(round(im.width * scale)), int(round(im.height * scale))
         matrix_up = [1 / scale, 0, 0, 0, 1 / scale, 0, 0, 0]
         matrix_down = [scale, 0, 0, 0, scale, 0, 0, 0]
 
-        for resample, epsilon in [
+        transformed = im.transform(size_up, self.transform, matrix_up, resample)
+        transformed = transformed.transform(
+            im.size, self.transform, matrix_down, resample
+        )
+        assert_image_similar(transformed, im, epsilon * epsilon_scale)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "x, y, epsilon_scale",
+        (
+            (0.1, 0, 3.7),
+            (0.6, 0, 9.1),
+            (50, 50, 0),
+        ),
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "resample, epsilon",
+        (
             (Image.Resampling.NEAREST, 0),
-            (Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 2),
+            (Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 1.5),
             (Image.Resampling.BICUBIC, 1),
-        ]:
+        ),
-            transformed = im.transform(size_up, self.transform, matrix_up, resample)
+    )
-            transformed = transformed.transform(
+    def test_translate(self, x, y, epsilon_scale, resample, epsilon):
-                im.size, self.transform, matrix_down, resample
-            )
-            assert_image_similar(transformed, im, epsilon * epsilonscale)
-
-    def test_resize_1_1x(self):
-        self._test_resize(1.1, 6.9)
-
-    def test_resize_1_5x(self):
-        self._test_resize(1.5, 5.5)
-
-    def test_resize_2_0x(self):
-        self._test_resize(2.0, 5.5)
-
-    def test_resize_2_3x(self):
-        self._test_resize(2.3, 3.7)
-
-    def test_resize_2_5x(self):
-        self._test_resize(2.5, 3.7)
-
-    def _test_translate(self, x, y, epsilonscale):
         im = self._test_image()
 
         size_up = int(round(im.width + x)), int(round(im.height + y))
         matrix_up = [1, 0, -x, 0, 1, -y, 0, 0]
         matrix_down = [1, 0, x, 0, 1, y, 0, 0]
 
-        for resample, epsilon in [
+        transformed = im.transform(size_up, self.transform, matrix_up, resample)
-            (Image.Resampling.NEAREST, 0),
+        transformed = transformed.transform(
-            (Image.Resampling.BILINEAR, 1.5),
+            im.size, self.transform, matrix_down, resample
-            (Image.Resampling.BICUBIC, 1),
+        )
-        ]:
+        assert_image_similar(transformed, im, epsilon * epsilon_scale)
-            transformed = im.transform(size_up, self.transform, matrix_up, resample)
-            transformed = transformed.transform(
-                im.size, self.transform, matrix_down, resample
-            )
-            assert_image_similar(transformed, im, epsilon * epsilonscale)
-
-    def test_translate_0_1(self):
-        self._test_translate(0.1, 0, 3.7)
-
-    def test_translate_0_6(self):
-        self._test_translate(0.6, 0, 9.1)
-
-    def test_translate_50(self):
-        self._test_translate(50, 50, 0)
 
 
 class TestImageTransformPerspective(TestImageTransformAffine):

Tests/test_imagedraw.py

@@ -64,7 +64,9 @@ def test_mode_mismatch():
         ImageDraw.ImageDraw(im, mode="L")
 
 
-def helper_arc(bbox, start, end):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bbox", (BBOX1, BBOX2))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("start, end", ((0, 180), (0.5, 180.4)))
+def test_arc(bbox, start, end):
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
@@ -76,16 +78,6 @@ def helper_arc(bbox, start, end):
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_arc.png", 1)
 
 
-def test_arc1():
-    helper_arc(BBOX1, 0, 180)
-    helper_arc(BBOX1, 0.5, 180.4)
-
-
-def test_arc2():
-    helper_arc(BBOX2, 0, 180)
-    helper_arc(BBOX2, 0.5, 180.4)
-
-
 def test_arc_end_le_start():
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
@@ -192,29 +184,21 @@ def test_bitmap():
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_bitmap.png")
 
 
-def helper_chord(mode, bbox, start, end):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("RGB", "L"))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bbox", (BBOX1, BBOX2))
+def test_chord(mode, bbox):
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new(mode, (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
     expected = f"Tests/images/imagedraw_chord_{mode}.png"
 
     # Act
-    draw.chord(bbox, start, end, fill="red", outline="yellow")
+    draw.chord(bbox, 0, 180, fill="red", outline="yellow")
 
     # Assert
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, expected, 1)
 
 
-def test_chord1():
-    for mode in ["RGB", "L"]:
-        helper_chord(mode, BBOX1, 0, 180)
-
-
-def test_chord2():
-    for mode in ["RGB", "L"]:
-        helper_chord(mode, BBOX2, 0, 180)
-
-
 def test_chord_width():
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
@@ -263,7 +247,9 @@ def test_chord_too_fat():
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_chord_too_fat.png")
 
 
-def helper_ellipse(mode, bbox):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("RGB", "L"))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bbox", (BBOX1, BBOX2))
+def test_ellipse(mode, bbox):
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new(mode, (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
@@ -276,16 +262,6 @@ def helper_ellipse(mode, bbox):
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, expected, 1)
 
 
-def test_ellipse1():
-    for mode in ["RGB", "L"]:
-        helper_ellipse(mode, BBOX1)
-
-
-def test_ellipse2():
-    for mode in ["RGB", "L"]:
-        helper_ellipse(mode, BBOX2)
-
-
 def test_ellipse_translucent():
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
@@ -405,7 +381,8 @@ def test_ellipse_various_sizes_filled():
     )
 
 
-def helper_line(points):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("points", (POINTS1, POINTS2))
+def test_line(points):
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
@@ -417,14 +394,6 @@ def helper_line(points):
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_line.png")
 
 
-def test_line1():
-    helper_line(POINTS1)
-
-
-def test_line2():
-    helper_line(POINTS2)
-
-
 def test_shape1():
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (100, 100), "white")
@@ -484,7 +453,9 @@ def test_transform():
     assert_image_equal(im, expected)
 
 
-def helper_pieslice(bbox, start, end):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bbox", (BBOX1, BBOX2))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("start, end", ((-92, 46), (-92.2, 46.2)))
+def test_pieslice(bbox, start, end):
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
@@ -496,16 +467,6 @@ def helper_pieslice(bbox, start, end):
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_pieslice.png", 1)
 
 
-def test_pieslice1():
-    helper_pieslice(BBOX1, -92, 46)
-    helper_pieslice(BBOX1, -92.2, 46.2)
-
-
-def test_pieslice2():
-    helper_pieslice(BBOX2, -92, 46)
-    helper_pieslice(BBOX2, -92.2, 46.2)
-
-
 def test_pieslice_width():
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
@@ -585,7 +546,8 @@ def test_pieslice_no_spikes():
     assert_image_equal(im, im_pre_erase)
 
 
-def helper_point(points):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("points", (POINTS1, POINTS2))
+def test_point(points):
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
@@ -597,15 +559,8 @@ def helper_point(points):
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_point.png")
 
 
-def test_point1():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("points", (POINTS1, POINTS2))
-    helper_point(POINTS1)
+def test_polygon(points):
-
-
-def test_point2():
-    helper_point(POINTS2)
-
-
-def helper_polygon(points):
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
@@ -617,14 +572,6 @@ def helper_polygon(points):
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_polygon.png")
 
 
-def test_polygon1():
-    helper_polygon(POINTS1)
-
-
-def test_polygon2():
-    helper_polygon(POINTS2)
-
-
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("RGB", "L"))
 def test_polygon_kite(mode):
     # Test drawing lines of different gradients (dx>dy, dy>dx) and
@@ -682,7 +629,8 @@ def test_polygon_translucent():
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, expected)
 
 
-def helper_rectangle(bbox):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bbox", (BBOX1, BBOX2))
+def test_rectangle(bbox):
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
@@ -694,14 +642,6 @@ def helper_rectangle(bbox):
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_rectangle.png")
 
 
-def test_rectangle1():
-    helper_rectangle(BBOX1)
-
-
-def test_rectangle2():
-    helper_rectangle(BBOX2)
-
-
 def test_big_rectangle():
     # Test drawing a rectangle bigger than the image
     # Arrange
@@ -1503,7 +1443,7 @@ def test_discontiguous_corners_polygon():
     assert_image_similar_tofile(img, expected, 1)
 
 
-def test_polygon():
+def test_polygon2():
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
     draw.polygon([(18, 30), (19, 31), (18, 30), (85, 30), (60, 72)], "red")

Tests/test_imagedraw2.py

@@ -52,27 +52,19 @@ def test_sanity():
     draw.line(list(range(10)), pen)
 
 
-def helper_ellipse(mode, bbox):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bbox", (BBOX1, BBOX2))
+def test_ellipse(bbox):
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw2.Draw(im)
     pen = ImageDraw2.Pen("blue", width=2)
     brush = ImageDraw2.Brush("green")
-    expected = f"Tests/images/imagedraw_ellipse_{mode}.png"
 
     # Act
     draw.ellipse(bbox, pen, brush)
 
     # Assert
-    assert_image_similar_tofile(im, expected, 1)
+    assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_ellipse_RGB.png", 1)
-
-
-def test_ellipse1():
-    helper_ellipse("RGB", BBOX1)
-
-
-def test_ellipse2():
-    helper_ellipse("RGB", BBOX2)
 
 
 def test_ellipse_edge():
@@ -88,7 +80,8 @@ def test_ellipse_edge():
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_ellipse_edge.png", 1)
 
 
-def helper_line(points):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("points", (POINTS1, POINTS2))
+def test_line(points):
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw2.Draw(im)
@@ -101,14 +94,6 @@ def helper_line(points):
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_line.png")
 
 
-def test_line1_pen():
-    helper_line(POINTS1)
-
-
-def test_line2_pen():
-    helper_line(POINTS2)
-
-
 def test_line_pen_as_brush():
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
@@ -124,7 +109,8 @@ def test_line_pen_as_brush():
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_line.png")
 
 
-def helper_polygon(points):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("points", (POINTS1, POINTS2))
+def test_polygon(points):
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw2.Draw(im)
@@ -138,15 +124,8 @@ def helper_polygon(points):
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_polygon.png")
 
 
-def test_polygon1():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("bbox", (BBOX1, BBOX2))
-    helper_polygon(POINTS1)
+def test_rectangle(bbox):
-
-
-def test_polygon2():
-    helper_polygon(POINTS2)
-
-
-def helper_rectangle(bbox):
     # Arrange
     im = Image.new("RGB", (W, H))
     draw = ImageDraw2.Draw(im)
@@ -160,14 +139,6 @@ def helper_rectangle(bbox):
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_rectangle.png")
 
 
-def test_rectangle1():
-    helper_rectangle(BBOX1)
-
-
-def test_rectangle2():
-    helper_rectangle(BBOX2)
-
-
 def test_big_rectangle():
     # Test drawing a rectangle bigger than the image
     # Arrange

Tests/test_imageenhance.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import pytest
+
 from PIL import Image, ImageEnhance
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper
@@ -39,17 +41,17 @@ def _check_alpha(im, original, op, amount):
     )
 
 
-def test_alpha():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("op", ("Color", "Brightness", "Contrast", "Sharpness"))
+def test_alpha(op):
     # Issue https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/899
     # Is alpha preserved through image enhancement?
 
     original = _half_transparent_image()
 
-    for op in ["Color", "Brightness", "Contrast", "Sharpness"]:
+    for amount in [0, 0.5, 1.0]:
-        for amount in [0, 0.5, 1.0]:
+        _check_alpha(
-            _check_alpha(
+            getattr(ImageEnhance, op)(original).enhance(amount),
-                getattr(ImageEnhance, op)(original).enhance(amount),
+            original,
-                original,
+            op,
-                op,
+            amount,
-                amount,
+        )
-            )

Tests/test_imagemath.py

@@ -6,10 +6,8 @@ from PIL import Image, ImageMath
 def pixel(im):
     if hasattr(im, "im"):
         return f"{im.mode} {repr(im.getpixel((0, 0)))}"
-    else:
+    if isinstance(im, int):
-        if isinstance(im, int):
+        return int(im)  # hack to deal with booleans
-            return int(im)  # hack to deal with booleans
-        print(im)
 
 
 A = Image.new("L", (1, 1), 1)

Tests/test_imagemorph.py

@@ -65,14 +65,16 @@ def create_lut():
 
 
 # create_lut()
-def test_lut():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    for op in ("corner", "dilation4", "dilation8", "erosion4", "erosion8", "edge"):
+    "op", ("corner", "dilation4", "dilation8", "erosion4", "erosion8", "edge")
-        lb = ImageMorph.LutBuilder(op_name=op)
+)
-        assert lb.get_lut() is None
+def test_lut(op):
+    lb = ImageMorph.LutBuilder(op_name=op)
+    assert lb.get_lut() is None
 
-        lut = lb.build_lut()
+    lut = lb.build_lut()
-        with open(f"Tests/images/{op}.lut", "rb") as f:
+    with open(f"Tests/images/{op}.lut", "rb") as f:
-            assert lut == bytearray(f.read())
+        assert lut == bytearray(f.read())
 
 
 def test_no_operator_loaded():

Tests/test_imageops.py

@@ -110,6 +110,16 @@ def test_contain(new_size):
     assert new_im.size == (256, 256)
 
 
+def test_contain_round():
+    im = Image.new("1", (43, 63), 1)
+    new_im = ImageOps.contain(im, (5, 7))
+    assert new_im.width == 5
+
+    im = Image.new("1", (63, 43), 1)
+    new_im = ImageOps.contain(im, (7, 5))
+    assert new_im.height == 5
+
+
 def test_pad():
     # Same ratio
     im = hopper()
@@ -130,6 +140,30 @@ def test_pad():
             )
 
 
+def test_pad_round():
+    im = Image.new("1", (1, 1), 1)
+    new_im = ImageOps.pad(im, (4, 1))
+    assert new_im.load()[2, 0] == 1
+
+    new_im = ImageOps.pad(im, (1, 4))
+    assert new_im.load()[0, 2] == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("P", "PA"))
+def test_palette(mode):
+    im = hopper(mode)
+
+    # Expand
+    expanded_im = ImageOps.expand(im)
+    assert_image_equal(im.convert("RGB"), expanded_im.convert("RGB"))
+
+    # Pad
+    padded_im = ImageOps.pad(im, (256, 128), centering=(0, 0))
+    assert_image_equal(
+        im.convert("RGB"), padded_im.convert("RGB").crop((0, 0, 128, 128))
+    )
+
+
 def test_pil163():
     # Division by zero in equalize if < 255 pixels in image (@PIL163)
 

Tests/test_imagepalette.py

@@ -50,6 +50,16 @@ def test_getcolor():
         palette.getcolor("unknown")
 
 
+def test_getcolor_rgba_color_rgb_palette():
+    palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette("RGB")
+
+    # Opaque RGBA colors are converted
+    assert palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0, 255)) == palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0))
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        palette.getcolor((0, 0, 0, 128))
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "index, palette",
     [

Tests/test_imageshow.py

@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ def test_viewer_show(order):
     not on_ci() or is_win32(),
     reason="Only run on CIs; hangs on Windows CIs",
 )
-def test_show():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "I;16", "LA", "RGB", "RGBA"))
-    for mode in ("1", "I;16", "LA", "RGB", "RGBA"):
+def test_show(mode):
-        im = hopper(mode)
+    im = hopper(mode)
-        assert ImageShow.show(im)
+    assert ImageShow.show(im)
 
 
 def test_show_without_viewers():
@@ -70,12 +70,12 @@ def test_viewer():
         viewer.get_command(None)
 
 
-def test_viewers():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("viewer", ImageShow._viewers)
-    for viewer in ImageShow._viewers:
+def test_viewers(viewer):
-        try:
+    try:
-            viewer.get_command("test.jpg")
+        viewer.get_command("test.jpg")
-        except NotImplementedError:
+    except NotImplementedError:
-            pass
+        pass
 
 
 def test_ipythonviewer():
@@ -95,14 +95,14 @@ def test_ipythonviewer():
     not on_ci() or is_win32(),
     reason="Only run on CIs; hangs on Windows CIs",
 )
-def test_file_deprecated(tmp_path):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("viewer", ImageShow._viewers)
+def test_file_deprecated(tmp_path, viewer):
     f = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
-    for viewer in ImageShow._viewers:
+    hopper().save(f)
-        hopper().save(f)
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+        try:
-            try:
+            viewer.show_file(file=f)
-                viewer.show_file(file=f)
+        except NotImplementedError:
-            except NotImplementedError:
+            pass
-                pass
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        viewer.show_file()
-            viewer.show_file()

Tests/test_imagetk.py

@@ -54,32 +54,39 @@ def test_kw():
     assert im is None
 
 
-def test_photoimage():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", TK_MODES)
-    for mode in TK_MODES:
+def test_photoimage(mode):
-        # test as image:
+    # test as image:
-        im = hopper(mode)
+    im = hopper(mode)
 
-        # this should not crash
+    # this should not crash
+    im_tk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)
+
+    assert im_tk.width() == im.width
+    assert im_tk.height() == im.height
+
+    reloaded = ImageTk.getimage(im_tk)
+    assert_image_equal(reloaded, im.convert("RGBA"))
+
+
+def test_photoimage_apply_transparency():
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/pil123p.png") as im:
         im_tk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)
-
-        assert im_tk.width() == im.width
-        assert im_tk.height() == im.height
-
         reloaded = ImageTk.getimage(im_tk)
         assert_image_equal(reloaded, im.convert("RGBA"))
 
 
-def test_photoimage_blank():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", TK_MODES)
+def test_photoimage_blank(mode):
     # test a image using mode/size:
-    for mode in TK_MODES:
+    im_tk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(mode, (100, 100))
-        im_tk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(mode, (100, 100))
 
-        assert im_tk.width() == 100
+    assert im_tk.width() == 100
-        assert im_tk.height() == 100
+    assert im_tk.height() == 100
 
-        im = Image.new(mode, (100, 100))
+    im = Image.new(mode, (100, 100))
-        reloaded = ImageTk.getimage(im_tk)
+    reloaded = ImageTk.getimage(im_tk)
-        assert_image_equal(reloaded.convert(mode), im)
+    assert_image_equal(reloaded.convert(mode), im)
 
 
 def test_box_deprecation():

Tests/test_mode_i16.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import pytest
+
 from PIL import Image
 
 from .helper import hopper
@@ -20,65 +22,56 @@ def verify(im1):
             ), f"got {repr(p1)} from mode {im1.mode} at {xy}, expected {repr(p2)}"
 
 
-def test_basic(tmp_path):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "I;16", "I;16B", "I;16L", "I"))
+def test_basic(tmp_path, mode):
     # PIL 1.1 has limited support for 16-bit image data.  Check that
     # create/copy/transform and save works as expected.
 
-    def basic(mode):
+    im_in = original.convert(mode)
+    verify(im_in)
 
-        im_in = original.convert(mode)
+    w, h = im_in.size
-        verify(im_in)
 
-        w, h = im_in.size
+    im_out = im_in.copy()
+    verify(im_out)  # copy
 
-        im_out = im_in.copy()
+    im_out = im_in.transform((w, h), Image.Transform.EXTENT, (0, 0, w, h))
-        verify(im_out)  # copy
+    verify(im_out)  # transform
 
-        im_out = im_in.transform((w, h), Image.Transform.EXTENT, (0, 0, w, h))
+    filename = str(tmp_path / "temp.im")
-        verify(im_out)  # transform
+    im_in.save(filename)
 
-        filename = str(tmp_path / "temp.im")
+    with Image.open(filename) as im_out:
-        im_in.save(filename)
-
-        with Image.open(filename) as im_out:
-
-            verify(im_in)
-            verify(im_out)
-
-        im_out = im_in.crop((0, 0, w, h))
-        verify(im_out)
-
-        im_out = Image.new(mode, (w, h), None)
-        im_out.paste(im_in.crop((0, 0, w // 2, h)), (0, 0))
-        im_out.paste(im_in.crop((w // 2, 0, w, h)), (w // 2, 0))
 
         verify(im_in)
         verify(im_out)
 
-        im_in = Image.new(mode, (1, 1), 1)
+    im_out = im_in.crop((0, 0, w, h))
-        assert im_in.getpixel((0, 0)) == 1
+    verify(im_out)
 
-        im_in.putpixel((0, 0), 2)
+    im_out = Image.new(mode, (w, h), None)
-        assert im_in.getpixel((0, 0)) == 2
+    im_out.paste(im_in.crop((0, 0, w // 2, h)), (0, 0))
+    im_out.paste(im_in.crop((w // 2, 0, w, h)), (w // 2, 0))
 
-        if mode == "L":
+    verify(im_in)
-            maximum = 255
+    verify(im_out)
-        else:
-            maximum = 32767
 
-        im_in = Image.new(mode, (1, 1), 256)
+    im_in = Image.new(mode, (1, 1), 1)
-        assert im_in.getpixel((0, 0)) == min(256, maximum)
+    assert im_in.getpixel((0, 0)) == 1
 
-        im_in.putpixel((0, 0), 512)
+    im_in.putpixel((0, 0), 2)
-        assert im_in.getpixel((0, 0)) == min(512, maximum)
+    assert im_in.getpixel((0, 0)) == 2
 
-    basic("L")
+    if mode == "L":
+        maximum = 255
+    else:
+        maximum = 32767
 
-    basic("I;16")
+    im_in = Image.new(mode, (1, 1), 256)
-    basic("I;16B")
+    assert im_in.getpixel((0, 0)) == min(256, maximum)
-    basic("I;16L")
 
-    basic("I")
+    im_in.putpixel((0, 0), 512)
+    assert im_in.getpixel((0, 0)) == min(512, maximum)
 
 
 def test_tobytes():

Tests/test_numpy.py

@@ -137,19 +137,9 @@ def test_save_tiff_uint16():
     assert img_px[0, 0] == pixel_value
 
 
-def test_to_array():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    def _to_array(mode, dtype):
+    "mode, dtype",
-        img = hopper(mode)
+    (
-
-        # Resize to non-square
-        img = img.crop((3, 0, 124, 127))
-        assert img.size == (121, 127)
-
-        np_img = numpy.array(img)
-        _test_img_equals_nparray(img, np_img)
-        assert np_img.dtype == dtype
-
-    modes = [
         ("L", numpy.uint8),
         ("I", numpy.int32),
         ("F", numpy.float32),
@@ -163,10 +153,18 @@ def test_to_array():
         ("I;16B", ">u2"),
         ("I;16L", "<u2"),
         ("HSV", numpy.uint8),
-    ]
+    ),
+)
+def test_to_array(mode, dtype):
+    img = hopper(mode)
 
-    for mode in modes:
+    # Resize to non-square
-        _to_array(*mode)
+    img = img.crop((3, 0, 124, 127))
+    assert img.size == (121, 127)
+
+    np_img = numpy.array(img)
+    _test_img_equals_nparray(img, np_img)
+    assert np_img.dtype == dtype
 
 
 def test_point_lut():

Tests/test_pickle.py

@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ def helper_pickle_string(pickle, protocol, test_file, mode):
         ("Tests/images/itxt_chunks.png", None),
     ],
 )
-def test_pickle_image(tmp_path, test_file, test_mode):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("protocol", range(0, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1))
+def test_pickle_image(tmp_path, test_file, test_mode, protocol):
     # Act / Assert
-    for protocol in range(0, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+    helper_pickle_string(pickle, protocol, test_file, test_mode)
-        helper_pickle_string(pickle, protocol, test_file, test_mode)
+    helper_pickle_file(tmp_path, pickle, protocol, test_file, test_mode)
-        helper_pickle_file(tmp_path, pickle, protocol, test_file, test_mode)
 
 
 def test_pickle_la_mode_with_palette(tmp_path):

depends/install_imagequant.sh

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # install libimagequant
 
-archive=libimagequant-4.0.2
+archive=libimagequant-4.0.4
 
 ./download-and-extract.sh $archive https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/main/$archive.tar.gz
 

docs/Makefile

@@ -43,8 +43,7 @@ clean:
 	-rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
 
 install-sphinx:
-	$(PYTHON) -c "import sphinx" > /dev/null 2>&1 || $(PYTHON) -m pip install sphinx
+	$(PYTHON) -m pip install --quiet sphinx sphinx-copybutton sphinx-issues sphinx-removed-in sphinxext-opengraph furo olefile
-	$(PYTHON) -c "import furo" > /dev/null 2>&1 || $(PYTHON) -m pip install furo
 
 html:
 	$(MAKE) install-sphinx

docs/deprecations.rst

@@ -178,6 +178,8 @@ Image.coerce_e
 This undocumented method has been deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 10
 (2023-07-01).
 
+.. _Font size and offset methods:
+
 Font size and offset methods
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -197,6 +199,40 @@ Deprecated                                                                  Use
 :py:meth:`.ImageDraw2.Draw.textsize`                                        :py:meth:`.ImageDraw2.Draw.textbbox` and :py:meth:`.ImageDraw2.Draw.textlength`
 =========================================================================== =============================================================================================================
 
+Previous code:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
+
+    font = ImageFont.truetype("Tests/fonts/FreeMono.ttf")
+    width, height = font.getsize("Hello world")
+    left, top = font.getoffset("Hello world")
+
+    im = Image.new("RGB", (100, 100))
+    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+    width, height = draw.textsize("Hello world")
+
+    width, height = font.getsize_multiline("Hello\nworld")
+    width, height = draw.multiline_textsize("Hello\nworld")
+
+Use instead:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
+
+    font = ImageFont.truetype("Tests/fonts/FreeMono.ttf")
+    left, top, right, bottom = font.getbbox("Hello world")
+    width, height = right - left, bottom - top
+
+    im = Image.new("RGB", (100, 100))
+    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+    width = draw.textlength("Hello world")
+
+    left, top, right, bottom = draw.multiline_textbbox((0, 0), "Hello\nworld")
+    width, height = right - left, bottom - top
+
 Removed features
 ----------------
 
@@ -253,7 +289,7 @@ Support for FreeType 2.7 has been removed.
 We recommend upgrading to at least `FreeType`_ 2.10.4, which fixed a severe
 vulnerability introduced in FreeType 2.6 (:cve:`CVE-2020-15999`).
 
-.. _FreeType: https://www.freetype.org
+.. _FreeType: https://freetype.org/
 
 im.offset
 ~~~~~~~~~

docs/handbook/concepts.rst

@@ -60,7 +60,10 @@ Pillow also provides limited support for a few additional modes, including:
     * ``BGR;24`` (24-bit reversed true colour)
     * ``BGR;32`` (32-bit reversed true colour)
 
-However, Pillow doesn’t support user-defined modes; if you need to handle band
+Apart from these additional modes, Pillow doesn't yet support multichannel
+images with a depth of more than 8 bits per channel.
+
+Pillow also doesn’t support user-defined modes; if you need to handle band
 combinations that are not listed above, use a sequence of Image objects.
 
 You can read the mode of an image through the :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.mode`

docs/handbook/image-file-formats.rst

@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ BLP is the Blizzard Mipmap Format, a texture format used in World of
 Warcraft. Pillow supports reading ``JPEG`` Compressed or raw ``BLP1``
 images, and all types of ``BLP2`` images.
 
+Saving
+~~~~~~
+
 Pillow supports writing BLP images. The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method
 can take the following keyword arguments:
 
@@ -42,15 +45,19 @@ BMP
 ^^^
 
 Pillow reads and writes Windows and OS/2 BMP files containing ``1``, ``L``, ``P``,
-or ``RGB`` data. 16-colour images are read as ``P`` images. 4-bit run-length encoding
+or ``RGB`` data. 16-colour images are read as ``P`` images.
-is not supported. Support for reading 8-bit run-length encoding was added in Pillow
+Support for reading 8-bit run-length encoding was added in Pillow 9.1.0.
-9.1.0.
+Support for reading 4-bit run-length encoding was added in Pillow 9.3.0.
+
+Opening
+~~~~~~~
 
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.open` method sets the following
 :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.info` properties:
 
 **compression**
-    Set to ``bmp_rle`` if the file is run-length encoded.
+    Set to 1 if the file is a 256-color run-length encoded image.
+    Set to 2 if the file is a 16-color run-length encoded image.
 
 DDS
 ^^^
@@ -78,6 +85,9 @@ EPS images. The EPS driver can read EPS images in ``L``, ``LAB``, ``RGB`` and
 than leaving them in the original color space. The EPS driver can write images
 in ``L``, ``RGB`` and ``CMYK`` modes.
 
+Loading
+~~~~~~~
+
 If Ghostscript is available, you can call the :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.load`
 method with the following parameters to affect how Ghostscript renders the EPS
 
@@ -134,6 +144,11 @@ To restore the default behavior, where ``P`` mode images are only converted to
     from PIL import GifImagePlugin
     GifImagePlugin.LOADING_STRATEGY = GifImagePlugin.LoadingStrategy.RGB_AFTER_FIRST
 
+.. _gif-opening:
+
+Opening
+~~~~~~~
+
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.open` method sets the following
 :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.info` properties:
 
@@ -171,6 +186,8 @@ to seek to the next frame (``im.seek(im.tell() + 1)``).
 
 ``im.seek()`` raises an :py:exc:`EOFError` if you try to seek after the last frame.
 
+.. _gif-saving:
+
 Saving
 ~~~~~~
 
@@ -278,6 +295,11 @@ sets the following :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.info` property:
     ask for ``(512, 512, 2)``, the final value of
     :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.size` will be ``(1024, 1024)``).
 
+.. _icns-saving:
+
+Saving
+~~~~~~
+
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method can take the following keyword arguments:
 
 **append_images**
@@ -292,6 +314,11 @@ ICO
 
 ICO is used to store icons on Windows. The largest available icon is read.
 
+.. _ico-saving:
+
+Saving
+~~~~~~
+
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method supports the following options:
 
 **sizes**
@@ -337,6 +364,11 @@ their original size while loading them.
 By default Pillow doesn't allow loading of truncated JPEG files, set
 :data:`.ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES` to override this.
 
+.. _jpeg-opening:
+
+Opening
+~~~~~~~
+
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.open` method may set the following
 :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.info` properties if available:
 
@@ -383,6 +415,10 @@ The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.open` method may set the following
 
     .. versionadded:: 7.1.0
 
+.. _jpeg-saving:
+
+Saving
+~~~~~~
 
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method supports the following options:
 
@@ -464,6 +500,11 @@ itself.  It is also possible to set ``reduce`` to the number of resolutions to
 discard (each one reduces the size of the resulting image by a factor of 2),
 and ``layers`` to specify the number of quality layers to load.
 
+.. _jpeg-2000-saving:
+
+Saving
+~~~~~~
+
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method supports the following options:
 
 **offset**
@@ -575,6 +616,11 @@ called.
 By default Pillow doesn't allow loading of truncated PNG files, set
 :data:`.ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES` to override this.
 
+.. _png-opening:
+
+Opening
+~~~~~~~
+
 The :py:func:`~PIL.Image.open` function sets the following
 :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.info` properties, when appropriate:
 
@@ -613,6 +659,11 @@ decompression bombs. Additionally, the total size of all of the text
 chunks is limited to :data:`.PngImagePlugin.MAX_TEXT_MEMORY`, defaulting to
 64MB.
 
+.. _png-saving:
+
+Saving
+~~~~~~
+
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method supports the following options:
 
 **optimize**
@@ -803,6 +854,11 @@ Pillow also reads SPIDER stack files containing sequences of SPIDER images. The
 :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.seek` and :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.tell` methods are supported, and
 random access is allowed.
 
+.. _spider-opening:
+
+Opening
+~~~~~~~
+
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.open` method sets the following attributes:
 
 **format**
@@ -819,8 +875,10 @@ is provided for converting floating point data to byte data (mode ``L``)::
 
     im = Image.open("image001.spi").convert2byte()
 
-Writing files in SPIDER format
+.. _spider-saving:
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Saving
+~~~~~~
 
 The extension of SPIDER files may be any 3 alphanumeric characters. Therefore
 the output format must be specified explicitly::
@@ -837,6 +895,29 @@ Pillow reads and writes TGA images containing ``L``, ``LA``, ``P``,
 ``RGB``, and ``RGBA`` data. Pillow can read and write both uncompressed and
 run-length encoded TGAs.
 
+.. _tga-saving:
+
+Saving
+~~~~~~
+
+The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method can take the following keyword arguments:
+
+**compression**
+    If set to "tga_rle", the file will be run-length encoded.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 5.3.0
+
+**id_section**
+    The identification field.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 5.3.0
+
+**orientation**
+    If present and a positive number, the first pixel is for the top left corner,
+    rather than the bottom left corner.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 5.3.0
+
 TIFF
 ^^^^
 
@@ -853,6 +934,11 @@ uncompressed files.
     support for reading Packbits, LZW and JPEG compressed TIFFs
     without using libtiff.
 
+.. _tiff-opening:
+
+Opening
+~~~~~~~
+
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.open` method sets the following
 :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.info` properties:
 
@@ -904,8 +990,10 @@ and can be accessed in any order.
 ``im.seek()`` raises an :py:exc:`EOFError` if you try to seek after the
 last frame.
 
-Saving Tiff Images
+.. _tiff-saving:
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Saving
+~~~~~~
 
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method can take the following keyword arguments:
 
@@ -1017,6 +1105,11 @@ WebP
 Pillow reads and writes WebP files. The specifics of Pillow's capabilities with
 this format are currently undocumented.
 
+.. _webp-saving:
+
+Saving
+~~~~~~
+
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method supports the following options:
 
 **lossless**
@@ -1040,7 +1133,7 @@ The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method supports the following options:
     the system WebP library was built with webpmux support.
 
 Saving sequences
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 .. note::
 
@@ -1155,6 +1248,11 @@ GBR
 
 The GBR decoder reads GIMP brush files, version 1 and 2.
 
+.. _gbr-opening:
+
+Opening
+~~~~~~~
+
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.open` method sets the following
 :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.info` properties:
 
@@ -1170,6 +1268,11 @@ GD
 Pillow reads uncompressed GD2 files. Note that you must use
 :py:func:`PIL.GdImageFile.open` to read such a file.
 
+.. _gd-opening:
+
+Opening
+~~~~~~~
+
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.open` method sets the following
 :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.info` properties:
 
@@ -1209,6 +1312,11 @@ image when first opened. The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.seek` and :py:meth:`~PIL
 methods may be used to read other pictures from the file. The pictures are
 zero-indexed and random access is supported.
 
+.. _mpo-saving:
+
+Saving
+~~~~~~
+
 When calling :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` to write an MPO file, by default
 only the first frame of a multiframe image will be saved. If the ``save_all``
 argument is present and true, then all frames will be saved, and the following
@@ -1308,6 +1416,11 @@ XPM
 
 Pillow reads X pixmap files (mode ``P``) with 256 colors or less.
 
+.. _xpm-opening:
+
+Opening
+~~~~~~~
+
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.open` method sets the following
 :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.info` properties:
 
@@ -1332,6 +1445,11 @@ Pillow can write PDF (Acrobat) images. Such images are written as binary PDF 1.4
 files, using either JPEG or HEX encoding depending on the image mode (and
 whether JPEG support is available or not).
 
+.. _pdf-saving:
+
+Saving
+~~~~~~
+
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method can take the following keyword arguments:
 
 **save_all**

docs/index.rst

@@ -69,6 +69,10 @@ Pillow for enterprise is available via the Tidelift Subscription. `Learn more <h
    :target: https://pypi.org/project/Pillow/
    :alt: Number of PyPI downloads
 
+.. image:: https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/6331/badge
+   :target: https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/6331
+   :alt: OpenSSF Best Practices
+
 Overview
 ========
 

docs/installation.rst

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
 
 * **libimagequant** provides improved color quantization
 
-  * Pillow has been tested with libimagequant **2.6-4.0.2**
+  * Pillow has been tested with libimagequant **2.6-4.0.4**
   * Libimagequant is licensed GPLv3, which is more restrictive than
     the Pillow license, therefore we will not be distributing binaries
     with libimagequant support enabled.
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
     loads libfribidi at runtime if it is installed.
     On Windows this requires compiling FriBiDi and installing ``fribidi.dll``
     into a directory listed in the `Dynamic-Link Library Search Order (Microsoft Docs)
-    <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-search-order#search-order-for-desktop-applications>`_
+    <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-search-order#search-order-for-desktop-applications>`_
     (``fribidi-0.dll`` or ``libfribidi-0.dll`` are also detected).
     See `Build Options`_ to see how to build this version.
   * Previous versions of Pillow (5.0.0 to 8.1.2) linked libraqm dynamically at runtime.

docs/reference/ExifTags.rst

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ provide constants and clear-text names for various well-known EXIF tags.
 .. py:data:: TAGS
     :type: dict
 
-    The TAG dictionary maps 16-bit integer EXIF tag enumerations to
+    The TAGS dictionary maps 16-bit integer EXIF tag enumerations to
-    descriptive string names.  For instance:
+    descriptive string names. For instance:
 
         >>> from PIL.ExifTags import TAGS
         >>> TAGS[0x010e]
@@ -20,9 +20,28 @@ provide constants and clear-text names for various well-known EXIF tags.
 .. py:data:: GPSTAGS
     :type: dict
 
-    The GPSTAGS dictionary maps 8-bit integer EXIF gps enumerations to
+    The GPSTAGS dictionary maps 8-bit integer EXIF GPS enumerations to
-    descriptive string names.  For instance:
+    descriptive string names. For instance:
 
         >>> from PIL.ExifTags import GPSTAGS
         >>> GPSTAGS[20]
         'GPSDestLatitude'
+
+
+These values are also exposed as ``enum.IntEnum`` classes.
+
+.. py:data:: Base
+
+    >>> from PIL.ExifTags import Base
+    >>> Base.ImageDescription.value
+    270
+    >>> Base(270).name
+    'ImageDescription'
+
+.. py:data:: GPS
+
+    >>> from PIL.ExifTags import GPS
+    >>> GPS.GPSDestLatitude.value
+    20
+    >>> GPS(20).name
+    'GPSDestLatitude'