Merge pull request #6195 from hugovk/cleanup

Cleanup: various

.editorconfig

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ trim_trailing_whitespace = true
 [*.yml]
 # Two-space indentation
 indent_size = 2
-indent_style = space
 
 # Tab indentation (no size specified)
 [Makefile]

Tests/test_color_lut.py

@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ class TestTransformColorLut3D:
         assert tuple(lut.size) == tuple(source.size)
         assert len(lut.table) == len(source.table)
         assert lut.table != source.table
-        assert lut.table[0:10] == [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.25, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+        assert lut.table[:10] == [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.25, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
 
     def test_3_to_4_channels(self):
         source = ImageFilter.Color3DLUT.generate((6, 5, 4), lambda r, g, b: (r, g, b))
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ class TestTransformColorLut3D:
         assert len(lut.table) != len(source.table)
         assert lut.table != source.table
         # fmt: off
-        assert lut.table[0:16] == [
+        assert lut.table[:16] == [
             0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1,  0.2**2, 0.0, 0.0, 1,
             0.4**2, 0.0, 0.0, 1,  0.6**2, 0.0, 0.0, 1]
         # fmt: on
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ class TestTransformColorLut3D:
         assert len(lut.table) != len(source.table)
         assert lut.table != source.table
         # fmt: off
-        assert lut.table[0:18] == [
+        assert lut.table[:18] == [
             1.0, 1.0, 1.0,  0.75, 1.0, 1.0,  0.0, 1.0, 1.0,
             1.0, 0.96, 1.0,  0.75, 0.96, 1.0,  0.0, 0.96, 1.0]
         # fmt: on
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ class TestTransformColorLut3D:
         assert len(lut.table) == len(source.table)
         assert lut.table != source.table
         # fmt: off
-        assert lut.table[0:16] == [
+        assert lut.table[:16] == [
             0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5,  0.2**2, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5,
             0.4**2, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5,  0.6**2, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5]
         # fmt: on
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ class TestTransformColorLut3D:
         assert len(lut.table) == len(source.table)
         assert lut.table != source.table
         # fmt: off
-        assert lut.table[0:18] == [
+        assert lut.table[:18] == [
             0.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.16, 0.0, 0.0,  0.24, 0.0, 0.0,
             0.24, 0.0, 0.0,  0.8 - (0.8**2), 0, 0,  0, 0, 0]
         # fmt: on
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ class TestTransformColorLut3D:
         assert len(lut.table) == len(source.table)
         assert lut.table != source.table
         # fmt: off
-        assert lut.table[0:16] == [
+        assert lut.table[:16] == [
             0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5,  0.25, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5,
             0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5,  0.0, 0.16, 0.0, 0.5]
         # fmt: on

Tests/test_decompression_bomb.py

@@ -70,12 +70,12 @@ class TestDecompressionBomb:
 
 class TestDecompressionCrop:
     @classmethod
-    def setup_class(self):
+    def setup_class(cls):
         width, height = 128, 128
         Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = height * width * 4 - 1
 
     @classmethod
-    def teardown_class(self):
+    def teardown_class(cls):
         Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = ORIGINAL_LIMIT
 
     def test_enlarge_crop(self):

Tests/test_image.py

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class TestImage:
         temp_file = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpg")
 
         class FP:
-            def write(a, b):
+            def write(self, b):
                 pass
 
         fp = FP()

Tests/test_image_convert.py

@@ -27,15 +27,15 @@ def test_sanity():
         "HSV",
     )
 
-    for mode in modes:
+    for input_mode in modes:
-        im = hopper(mode)
+        im = hopper(input_mode)
-        for mode in modes:
+        for output_mode in modes:
-            convert(im, mode)
+            convert(im, output_mode)
 
         # Check 0
-        im = Image.new(mode, (0, 0))
+        im = Image.new(input_mode, (0, 0))
-        for mode in modes:
+        for output_mode in modes:
-            convert(im, mode)
+            convert(im, output_mode)
 
 
 def test_default():

Tests/test_image_resample.py

@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ class TestCoreResampleBox:
         def split_range(size, tiles):
             scale = size / tiles
             for i in range(tiles):
-                yield (int(round(scale * i)), int(round(scale * (i + 1))))
+                yield int(round(scale * i)), int(round(scale * (i + 1)))
 
         tiled = Image.new(im.mode, dst_size)
         scale = (im.size[0] / tiled.size[0], im.size[1] / tiled.size[1])

Tests/test_imagesequence.py

@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ def test_consecutive():
 def test_palette_mmap():
     # Using mmap in ImageFile can require to reload the palette.
     with Image.open("Tests/images/multipage-mmap.tiff") as im:
-        color1 = im.getpalette()[0:3]
+        color1 = im.getpalette()[:3]
         im.seek(0)
-        color2 = im.getpalette()[0:3]
+        color2 = im.getpalette()[:3]
         assert color1 == color2
 
 

docs/reference/TiffTags.rst

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ metadata tag numbers, names, and type information.
 .. method:: lookup(tag)
 
     :param tag: Integer tag number
+    :param group: Which :py:data:`~PIL.TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS` to look in
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.3.0
+
     :returns: Taginfo namedtuple, From the :py:data:`~PIL.TiffTags.TAGS_V2` info if possible,
         otherwise just populating the value and name from :py:data:`~PIL.TiffTags.TAGS`.
         If the tag is not recognized, "unknown" is returned for the name
@@ -42,6 +46,16 @@ metadata tag numbers, names, and type information.
 
 .. versionadded:: 3.0.0
 
+.. py:data:: PIL.TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS
+    :type: dict
+
+    :py:data:`~PIL.TiffTags.TAGS_V2` is one dimensional and
+    doesn't account for the fact that tags actually exist in
+    `different groups <https://exiftool.org/TagNames/EXIF.html>`_.
+    This dictionary is used when the tag in question is part of a group.
+
+.. versionadded:: 8.3.0
+
 .. py:data:: PIL.TiffTags.TAGS
     :type: dict
 

selftest.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def testimage():
 
     >>> from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFilter, ImageMath
     >>> im = Image.new("1", (128, 128)) # monochrome
-    >>> def _info(im): return (im.format, im.mode, im.size)
+    >>> def _info(im): return im.format, im.mode, im.size
     >>> _info(im)
     (None, '1', (128, 128))
     >>> _info(Image.new("L", (128, 128))) # grayscale (luminance)

setup.py

@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ def _pkg_config(name):
             .strip()
             .replace("-I", "")
         )
-        return (libs, cflags)
+        return libs, cflags
     except Exception:
         pass
 

src/PIL/BlpImagePlugin.py

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def __getattr__(name):
 
 
 def unpack_565(i):
-    return (((i >> 11) & 0x1F) << 3, ((i >> 5) & 0x3F) << 2, (i & 0x1F) << 3)
+    return ((i >> 11) & 0x1F) << 3, ((i >> 5) & 0x3F) << 2, (i & 0x1F) << 3
 
 
 def decode_dxt1(data, alpha=False):

src/PIL/BmpImagePlugin.py

@@ -76,10 +76,8 @@ class BmpImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         read, seek = self.fp.read, self.fp.seek
         if header:
             seek(header)
-        file_info = {}
         # read bmp header size @offset 14 (this is part of the header size)
-        file_info["header_size"] = i32(read(4))
+        file_info = {"header_size": i32(read(4)), "direction": -1}
-        file_info["direction"] = -1
 
         # -------------------- If requested, read header at a specific position
         # read the rest of the bmp header, without its size

src/PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py

@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ class EpsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         else:
             raise SyntaxError("not an EPS file")
 
-        return (length, offset)
+        return length, offset
 
     def load(self, scale=1, transparency=False):
         # Load EPS via Ghostscript

src/PIL/FpxImagePlugin.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from ._binary import i32le as i32
 # we map from colour field tuples to (mode, rawmode) descriptors
 MODES = {
     # opacity
-    (0x00007FFE): ("A", "L"),
+    (0x00007FFE,): ("A", "L"),
     # monochrome
     (0x00010000,): ("L", "L"),
     (0x00018000, 0x00017FFE): ("RGBA", "LA"),
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class FpxImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                         "raw",
                         (x, y, x + xtile, y + ytile),
                         i32(s, i) + 28,
-                        (self.rawmode),
+                        (self.rawmode,),
                     )
                 )
 

src/PIL/FtexImagePlugin.py

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class FtexImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         if format == Format.DXT1:
             self.mode = "RGBA"
-            self.tile = [("bcn", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, (1))]
+            self.tile = [("bcn", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, 1)]
         elif format == Format.UNCOMPRESSED:
             self.tile = [("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, ("RGB", 0, 1))]
         else:

src/PIL/GdImageFile.py

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ def open(fp, mode="r"):
     """
     Load texture from a GD image file.
 
-    :param filename: GD file name, or an opened file handle.
+    :param fp: GD file name, or an opened file handle.
     :param mode: Optional mode.  In this version, if the mode argument
         is given, it must be "r".
     :returns: An image instance.

src/PIL/GifImagePlugin.py

@@ -990,8 +990,6 @@ def getheader(im, palette=None, info=None):
     return header, used_palette_colors
 
 
-# To specify duration, add the time in milliseconds to getdata(),
-# e.g. getdata(im_frame, duration=1000)
 def getdata(im, offset=(0, 0), **params):
     """
     Legacy Method
@@ -1000,10 +998,13 @@ def getdata(im, offset=(0, 0), **params):
     The first string is a local image header, the rest contains
     encoded image data.
 
+    To specify duration, add the time in milliseconds,
+    e.g. ``getdata(im_frame, duration=1000)``
+
     :param im: Image object
-    :param offset: Tuple of (x, y) pixels. Defaults to (0,0)
+    :param offset: Tuple of (x, y) pixels. Defaults to (0, 0)
-    :param \\**params: E.g. duration or other encoder info parameters
+    :param \\**params: e.g. duration or other encoder info parameters
-    :returns: List of Bytes containing gif encoded frame data
+    :returns: List of bytes containing GIF encoded frame data
 
     """
 

src/PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def register_handler(handler):
 
 
 def _accept(prefix):
-    return prefix[0:4] == b"GRIB" and prefix[7] == 1
+    return prefix[:4] == b"GRIB" and prefix[7] == 1
 
 
 class GribStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):

src/PIL/ImImagePlugin.py

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class ImImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         self.mode = self.info[MODE]
 
         # Skip forward to start of image data
-        while s and s[0:1] != b"\x1A":
+        while s and s[:1] != b"\x1A":
             s = self.fp.read(1)
         if not s:
             raise SyntaxError("File truncated")

src/PIL/Image.py

@@ -2546,7 +2546,7 @@ class Image:
         h = box[3] - box[1]
 
         if method == Transform.AFFINE:
-            data = data[0:6]
+            data = data[:6]
 
         elif method == Transform.EXTENT:
             # convert extent to an affine transform
@@ -2557,12 +2557,12 @@ class Image:
             data = (xs, 0, x0, 0, ys, y0)
 
         elif method == Transform.PERSPECTIVE:
-            data = data[0:8]
+            data = data[:8]
 
         elif method == Transform.QUAD:
             # quadrilateral warp.  data specifies the four corners
             # given as NW, SW, SE, and NE.
-            nw = data[0:2]
+            nw = data[:2]
             sw = data[2:4]
             se = data[4:6]
             ne = data[6:8]
@@ -2956,12 +2956,11 @@ _fromarray_typemap = {
     ((1, 1, 2), "|u1"): ("LA", "LA"),
     ((1, 1, 3), "|u1"): ("RGB", "RGB"),
     ((1, 1, 4), "|u1"): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),
+    # shortcuts:
+    ((1, 1), _ENDIAN + "i4"): ("I", "I"),
+    ((1, 1), _ENDIAN + "f4"): ("F", "F"),
 }
 
-# shortcuts
-_fromarray_typemap[((1, 1), _ENDIAN + "i4")] = ("I", "I")
-_fromarray_typemap[((1, 1), _ENDIAN + "f4")] = ("F", "F")
-
 
 def _decompression_bomb_check(size):
     if MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS is None:

src/PIL/ImageChops.py

@@ -316,6 +316,7 @@ def offset(image, xoffset, yoffset=None):
     distances. Data wraps around the edges. If ``yoffset`` is omitted, it
     is assumed to be equal to ``xoffset``.
 
+    :param image: Input image.
     :param xoffset: The horizontal distance.
     :param yoffset: The vertical distance.  If omitted, both
         distances are set to the same value.

src/PIL/ImageCms.py

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ FLAGS = {
     "SOFTPROOFING": 16384,  # Do softproofing
     "PRESERVEBLACK": 32768,  # Black preservation
     "NODEFAULTRESOURCEDEF": 16777216,  # CRD special
-    "GRIDPOINTS": lambda n: ((n) & 0xFF) << 16,  # Gridpoints
+    "GRIDPOINTS": lambda n: (n & 0xFF) << 16,  # Gridpoints
 }
 
 _MAX_FLAG = 0
@@ -1014,4 +1014,4 @@ def versions():
     (pyCMS) Fetches versions.
     """
 
-    return (VERSION, core.littlecms_version, sys.version.split()[0], Image.__version__)
+    return VERSION, core.littlecms_version, sys.version.split()[0], Image.__version__

src/PIL/ImageColor.py

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def getrgb(color):
 
     # check for known string formats
     if re.match("#[a-f0-9]{3}$", color):
-        return (int(color[1] * 2, 16), int(color[2] * 2, 16), int(color[3] * 2, 16))
+        return int(color[1] * 2, 16), int(color[2] * 2, 16), int(color[3] * 2, 16)
 
     if re.match("#[a-f0-9]{4}$", color):
         return (
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def getrgb(color):
         )
 
     if re.match("#[a-f0-9]{6}$", color):
-        return (int(color[1:3], 16), int(color[3:5], 16), int(color[5:7], 16))
+        return int(color[1:3], 16), int(color[3:5], 16), int(color[5:7], 16)
 
     if re.match("#[a-f0-9]{8}$", color):
         return (
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def getrgb(color):
 
     m = re.match(r"rgb\(\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*\)$", color)
     if m:
-        return (int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2)), int(m.group(3)))
+        return int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2)), int(m.group(3))
 
     m = re.match(r"rgb\(\s*(\d+)%\s*,\s*(\d+)%\s*,\s*(\d+)%\s*\)$", color)
     if m:
@@ -114,25 +114,26 @@ def getrgb(color):
 
     m = re.match(r"rgba\(\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*\)$", color)
     if m:
-        return (int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2)), int(m.group(3)), int(m.group(4)))
+        return int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(2)), int(m.group(3)), int(m.group(4))
     raise ValueError(f"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}")
 
 
 def getcolor(color, mode):
     """
     Same as :py:func:`~PIL.ImageColor.getrgb`, but converts the RGB value to a
-    greyscale value if the mode is not color or a palette image. If the string
+    greyscale value if ``mode`` is not color or a palette image. If the string
     cannot be parsed, this function raises a :py:exc:`ValueError` exception.
 
     .. versionadded:: 1.1.4
 
     :param color: A color string
-    :return: ``(graylevel [, alpha]) or (red, green, blue[, alpha])``
+    :param mode: Convert result to this mode
+    :return: ``(graylevel[, alpha]) or (red, green, blue[, alpha])``
     """
     # same as getrgb, but converts the result to the given mode
     color, alpha = getrgb(color), 255
     if len(color) == 4:
-        color, alpha = color[0:3], color[3]
+        color, alpha = color[:3], color[3]
 
     if Image.getmodebase(mode) == "L":
         r, g, b = color
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ def getcolor(color, mode):
         # scaled to 24 bits to match the convert's implementation.
         color = (r * 19595 + g * 38470 + b * 7471 + 0x8000) >> 16
         if mode[-1] == "A":
-            return (color, alpha)
+            return color, alpha
     else:
         if mode[-1] == "A":
             return color + (alpha,)

src/PIL/ImageFile.py

@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ class PyCodecState:
         self.yoff = 0
 
     def extents(self):
-        return (self.xoff, self.yoff, self.xoff + self.xsize, self.yoff + self.ysize)
+        return self.xoff, self.yoff, self.xoff + self.xsize, self.yoff + self.ysize
 
 
 class PyCodec:
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ class PyDecoder(PyCodec):
 
         if not rawmode:
             rawmode = self.mode
-        d = Image._getdecoder(self.mode, "raw", (rawmode))
+        d = Image._getdecoder(self.mode, "raw", rawmode)
         d.setimage(self.im, self.state.extents())
         s = d.decode(data)
 

src/PIL/ImageFont.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ _UNSPECIFIED = object()
 
 
 class ImageFont:
-    "PIL font wrapper"
+    """PIL font wrapper"""
 
     def _load_pilfont(self, filename):
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ class ImageFont:
 
 
 class FreeTypeFont:
-    "FreeType font wrapper (requires _imagingft service)"
+    """FreeType font wrapper (requires _imagingft service)"""
 
     def __init__(self, font=None, size=10, index=0, encoding="", layout_engine=None):
         # FIXME: use service provider instead
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ class FreeTypeFont:
 
 
 class TransposedFont:
-    "Wrapper for writing rotated or mirrored text"
+    """Wrapper for writing rotated or mirrored text"""
 
     def __init__(self, font, orientation=None):
         """

src/PIL/ImageMorph.py

@@ -119,13 +119,13 @@ class LutBuilder:
         # mirror
         if "M" in options:
             n = len(patterns)
-            for pattern, res in patterns[0:n]:
+            for pattern, res in patterns[:n]:
                 patterns.append((self._string_permute(pattern, MIRROR_MATRIX), res))
 
         # negate
         if "N" in options:
             n = len(patterns)
-            for pattern, res in patterns[0:n]:
+            for pattern, res in patterns[:n]:
                 # Swap 0 and 1
                 pattern = pattern.replace("0", "Z").replace("1", "0").replace("Z", "1")
                 res = 1 - int(res)

src/PIL/ImageTk.py

@@ -184,6 +184,8 @@ class PhotoImage:
         :param im: A PIL image. The size must match the target region.  If the
                    mode does not match, the image is converted to the mode of
                    the bitmap image.
+        :param box: Deprecated. This parameter will be removed in Pillow 10
+                    (2023-07-01).
         """
 
         if box is not None:

src/PIL/Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ def _parse_codestream(fp):
     else:
         mode = None
 
-    return (size, mode)
+    return size, mode
 
 
 def _res_to_dpi(num, denom, exp):
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ def _parse_jp2_header(fp):
     if size is None or mode is None:
         raise SyntaxError("Malformed JP2 header")
 
-    return (size, mode, mimetype, dpi)
+    return size, mode, mimetype, dpi
 
 
 ##

src/PIL/JpegImagePlugin.py

@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ MARKER = {
 
 def _accept(prefix):
     # Magic number was taken from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG
-    return prefix[0:3] == b"\xFF\xD8\xFF"
+    return prefix[:3] == b"\xFF\xD8\xFF"
 
 
 ##
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ class JpegImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         self.decoderconfig = (scale, 0)
 
         box = (0, 0, original_size[0] / scale, original_size[1] / scale)
-        return (self.mode, box)
+        return self.mode, box
 
     def load_djpeg(self):
 

src/PIL/PaletteFile.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class PaletteFile:
 
             if not s:
                 break
-            if s[0:1] == b"#":
+            if s[:1] == b"#":
                 continue
             if len(s) > 100:
                 raise SyntaxError("bad palette file")

src/PIL/PdfParser.py

@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ class PdfParser:
         whitespace_mandatory
         + rb"trailer"
         + whitespace_optional
-        + rb"\<\<(.*\>\>)"
+        + rb"<<(.*>>)"
         + newline
         + rb"startxref"
         + newline
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ class PdfParser:
         whitespace_optional
         + rb"trailer"
         + whitespace_optional
-        + rb"\<\<(.*?\>\>)"
+        + rb"<<(.*?>>)"
         + newline
         + rb"startxref"
         + newline
@@ -659,8 +659,8 @@ class PdfParser:
         + delimiter_or_ws
         + rb")"
     )
-    re_dict_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"\<\<")
+    re_dict_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"<<")
-    re_dict_end = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"\>\>" + whitespace_optional)
+    re_dict_end = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb">>" + whitespace_optional)
 
     @classmethod
     def interpret_trailer(cls, trailer_data):
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ class PdfParser:
     re_array_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"\[")
     re_array_end = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"]")
     re_string_hex = re.compile(
-        whitespace_optional + rb"\<(" + whitespace_or_hex + rb"*)\>"
+        whitespace_optional + rb"<(" + whitespace_or_hex + rb"*)>"
     )
     re_string_lit = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"\(")
     re_indirect_reference = re.compile(

src/PIL/PsdImagePlugin.py

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ def _layerinfo(fp, ct_bytes):
     if ct_bytes < (abs(ct) * 20):
         raise SyntaxError("Layer block too short for number of layers requested")
 
-    for i in range(abs(ct)):
+    for _ in range(abs(ct)):
 
         # bounding box
         y0 = i32(read(4))
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ def _layerinfo(fp, ct_bytes):
         if len(types) > 4:
             continue
 
-        for i in types:
+        for _ in types:
             type = i16(read(2))
 
             if type == 65535:

src/PIL/PyAccess.py

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class _PyAccess32_2(PyAccess):
 
     def get_pixel(self, x, y):
         pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
-        return (pixel.r, pixel.a)
+        return pixel.r, pixel.a
 
     def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
         pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class _PyAccess32_3(PyAccess):
 
     def get_pixel(self, x, y):
         pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
-        return (pixel.r, pixel.g, pixel.b)
+        return pixel.r, pixel.g, pixel.b
 
     def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
         pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class _PyAccess32_4(PyAccess):
 
     def get_pixel(self, x, y):
         pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
-        return (pixel.r, pixel.g, pixel.b, pixel.a)
+        return pixel.r, pixel.g, pixel.b, pixel.a
 
     def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
         pixel = self.pixels[y][x]

src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py

@@ -338,12 +338,12 @@ class IFDRational(Rational):
             self._val = Fraction(value, denominator)
 
     @property
-    def numerator(a):
+    def numerator(self):
-        return a._numerator
+        return self._numerator
 
     @property
-    def denominator(a):
+    def denominator(self):
-        return a._denominator
+        return self._denominator
 
     def limit_rational(self, max_denominator):
         """
@@ -353,10 +353,10 @@ class IFDRational(Rational):
         """
 
         if self.denominator == 0:
-            return (self.numerator, self.denominator)
+            return self.numerator, self.denominator
 
         f = self._val.limit_denominator(max_denominator)
-        return (f.numerator, f.denominator)
+        return f.numerator, f.denominator
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return str(float(self._val))
@@ -1748,9 +1748,8 @@ def _save(im, fp, filename):
             SUBIFD,
         ]
 
-        atts = {}
         # bits per sample is a single short in the tiff directory, not a list.
-        atts[BITSPERSAMPLE] = bits[0]
+        atts = {BITSPERSAMPLE: bits[0]}
         # Merge the ones that we have with (optional) more bits from
         # the original file, e.g x,y resolution so that we can
         # save(load('')) == original file.

src/PIL/TiffTags.py

@@ -36,8 +36,12 @@ class TagInfo(namedtuple("_TagInfo", "value name type length enum")):
 def lookup(tag, group=None):
     """
     :param tag: Integer tag number
-    :returns: Taginfo namedtuple, From the TAGS_V2 info if possible,
+    :param group: Which :py:data:`~PIL.TiffTags.TAGS_V2_GROUPS` to look in
-        otherwise just populating the value and name from TAGS.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 8.3.0
+
+    :returns: Taginfo namedtuple, From the ``TAGS_V2`` info if possible,
+        otherwise just populating the value and name from ``TAGS``.
         If the tag is not recognized, "unknown" is returned for the name
 
     """

src/PIL/WebPImagePlugin.py

@@ -222,11 +222,10 @@ def _save_all(im, fp, filename):
     if (
         not isinstance(background, (list, tuple))
         or len(background) != 4
-        or not all(v >= 0 and v < 256 for v in background)
+        or not all(0 <= v < 256 for v in background)
     ):
         raise OSError(
-            "Background color is not an RGBA tuple clamped to (0-255): %s"
+            f"Background color is not an RGBA tuple clamped to (0-255): {background}"
-            % str(background)
         )
 
     # Convert to packed uint

src/PIL/XbmImagePlugin.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ xbm_head = re.compile(
     b"#define[ \t]+[^_]*_x_hot[ \t]+(?P<xhot>[0-9]+)[\r\n]+"
     b"#define[ \t]+[^_]*_y_hot[ \t]+(?P<yhot>[0-9]+)[\r\n]+"
     b")?"
-    b"[\\000-\\377]*_bits\\[\\]"
+    rb"[\000-\377]*_bits\[]"
 )
 
 

src/PIL/XpmImagePlugin.py

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class XpmImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         palette = [b"\0\0\0"] * 256
 
-        for i in range(pal):
+        for _ in range(pal):
 
             s = self.fp.readline()
             if s[-2:] == b"\r\n":
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class XpmImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                     rgb = s[i + 1]
                     if rgb == b"None":
                         self.info["transparency"] = c
-                    elif rgb[0:1] == b"#":
+                    elif rgb[:1] == b"#":
                         # FIXME: handle colour names (see ImagePalette.py)
                         rgb = int(rgb[1:], 16)
                         palette[c] = (