Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/main' into add-pyproject.toml

# Conflicts:
#	pyproject.toml

.editorconfig

@@ -13,10 +13,6 @@ indent_style = space
 
 trim_trailing_whitespace = true
 
-[*.rst]
-# Four-space indentation
-indent_size = 4
-
 [*.yml]
 # Two-space indentation
 indent_size = 2

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Please send a pull request to the `main` branch. Please include [documentation](
 - Follow PEP 8.
 - When committing only documentation changes please include `[ci skip]` in the commit message to avoid running tests on AppVeyor.
 - Include [release notes](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/tree/main/docs/releasenotes) as needed or appropriate with your bug fixes, feature additions and tests.
+- Do not add to the [changelog](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/CHANGES.rst) for proposed changes, as that is updated after changes are merged.
 
 ## Reporting Issues
 

.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         shell: bash.exe -eo pipefail -o igncr "{0}"
         run: |
-          SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=stdlib .ci/build.sh
+          .ci/build.sh
 
       - name: Test
         run: |

.github/workflows/test-docker.yml

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ jobs:
           centos-stream-8-amd64,
           centos-stream-9-amd64,
           debian-11-bullseye-x86,
+          debian-12-bookworm-x86,
           fedora-37-amd64,
           fedora-38-amd64,
           gentoo,

.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
           pushd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && popd
 
       - name: Build Pillow
-        run: SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS="stdlib" CFLAGS="-coverage" python3 -m pip install --global-option="build_ext" .
+        run: SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS="stdlib" CFLAGS="-coverage" python3 -m pip install .
 
       - name: Test Pillow
         run: |

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ jobs:
         architecture: ["x86", "x64"]
         include:
           # PyPy 7.3.4+ only ships 64-bit binaries for Windows
-          - python-version: "pypy3.8"
-            architecture: "x64"
           - python-version: "pypy3.9"
             architecture: "x64"
+          - python-version: "pypy3.10"
+            architecture: "x64"
 
     timeout-minutes: 30
 

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ jobs:
           "ubuntu-latest",
         ]
         python-version: [
+          "pypy3.10",
           "pypy3.9",
-          "pypy3.8",
           "3.12-dev",
           "3.11",
           "3.10",

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@ repos:
     hooks:
       - id: black
         args: [--target-version=py38]
-        # Only .py files, until https://github.com/psf/black/issues/402 resolved
-        files: \.py$
-        types: []
 
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
     rev: 5.12.0

CHANGES.rst

@@ -5,6 +5,42 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
 10.0.0 (unreleased)
 -------------------
 
+- Fixed finding dependencies on Cygwin #7175
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Changed grabclipboard() to use PNG instead of JPG compression on macOS #7219
+  [abey79, radarhere]
+
+- Added in_place argument to ImageOps.exif_transpose() #7092
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Fixed calling putpalette() on L and LA images before load() #7187
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Fixed saving TIFF multiframe images with LONG8 tag types #7078
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Fixed combining single duration across duplicate APNG frames #7146
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Remove temporary file when error is raised #7148
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Do not use temporary file when grabbing clipboard on Linux #7200
+  [radarhere]
+
+- If the clipboard fails to open on Windows, wait and try again #7141
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Fixed saving multiple 1 mode frames to GIF #7181
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Replaced absolute PIL import with relative import #7173
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Replaced deprecated Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding for Python >= 3.12 #7192
+  [radarhere]
+
 - Improved wl-paste mimetype handling in ImageGrab #7094
   [rrcgat, radarhere]
 

MANIFEST.in

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ graft src
 graft depends
 graft winbuild
 graft docs
+graft _custom_build
 
 # build/src control detritus
 exclude .appveyor.yml

Makefile

@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ help:
 	@echo "  docserve           run an HTTP server on the docs directory"
 	@echo "  html               make HTML docs"
 	@echo "  htmlview           open the index page built by the html target in your browser"
-	@echo "  inplace            make inplace extension"
 	@echo "  install            make and install"
 	@echo "  install-coverage   make and install with C coverage"
 	@echo "  lint               run the lint checks"
@@ -54,10 +53,6 @@ help:
 	@echo "  release-test       run code and package tests before release"
 	@echo "  test               run tests on installed Pillow"
 
-.PHONY: inplace
-inplace: clean
-	python3 -m pip install -e --global-option="build_ext" --global-option="--inplace" .
-
 .PHONY: install
 install:
 	python3 -m pip -v install .
@@ -65,7 +60,7 @@ install:
 
 .PHONY: install-coverage
 install-coverage:
-	CFLAGS="-coverage -Werror=implicit-function-declaration" python3 -m pip -v install --global-option="build_ext" .
+	CFLAGS="-coverage -Werror=implicit-function-declaration" python3 -m pip -v install .
 	python3 selftest.py
 
 .PHONY: debug
@@ -74,7 +69,7 @@ debug:
 # for our stuff, kills optimization, and redirects to dev null so we
 # see any build failures.
 	make clean > /dev/null
-	CFLAGS='-g -O0' python3 -m pip -v install --global-option="build_ext" . > /dev/null
+	CFLAGS='-g -O0' python3 -m pip -v install . > /dev/null
 
 .PHONY: release-test
 release-test:

Tests/bench_cffi_access.py

@@ -27,17 +27,11 @@ def timer(func, label, *args):
     for x in range(iterations):
         func(*args)
         if time.time() - starttime > 10:
-            print(
-                "{}: breaking at {} iterations, {:.6f} per iteration".format(
-                    label, x + 1, (time.time() - starttime) / (x + 1.0)
-                )
-            )
             break
-    if x == iterations - 1:
     endtime = time.time()
     print(
-            "{}: {:.4f} s  {:.6f} per iteration".format(
+        "{}: completed {} iterations in {:.4f}s, {:.6f}s per iteration".format(
-                label, endtime - starttime, (endtime - starttime) / (x + 1.0)
+            label, x + 1, endtime - starttime, (endtime - starttime) / (x + 1.0)
         )
     )
 
@@ -45,7 +39,7 @@ def timer(func, label, *args):
 def test_direct():
     im = hopper()
     im.load()
-    # im = Image.new( "RGB", (2000, 2000), (1, 3, 2))
+    # im = Image.new("RGB", (2000, 2000), (1, 3, 2))
     caccess = im.im.pixel_access(False)
     access = PyAccess.new(im, False)
 

Tests/test_file_apng.py

@@ -447,6 +447,17 @@ def test_apng_save_duration_loop(tmp_path):
         assert im.info.get("duration") == 750
 
 
+def test_apng_save_duplicate_duration(tmp_path):
+    test_file = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
+    frame = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
+
+    # Test a single duration is correctly combined across duplicate frames
+    frame.save(test_file, save_all=True, append_images=[frame, frame], duration=500)
+    with Image.open(test_file) as im:
+        assert im.n_frames == 1
+        assert im.info.get("duration") == 1500
+
+
 def test_apng_save_disposal(tmp_path):
     test_file = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
     size = (128, 64)

Tests/test_file_gif.py

@@ -252,6 +252,19 @@ def test_roundtrip_save_all(tmp_path):
         assert reread.n_frames == 5
 
 
+def test_roundtrip_save_all_1(tmp_path):
+    out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
+    im = Image.new("1", (1, 1))
+    im2 = Image.new("1", (1, 1), 1)
+    im.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=[im2])
+
+    with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
+        assert reloaded.getpixel((0, 0)) == 0
+
+        reloaded.seek(1)
+        assert reloaded.getpixel((0, 0)) == 255
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "path, mode",
     (

Tests/test_file_tiff.py

@@ -96,10 +96,17 @@ class TestFileTiff:
 
             assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/pil136.png", 1)
 
-    def test_bigtiff(self):
+    def test_bigtiff(self, tmp_path):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif") as im:
             assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/hopper.tif")
 
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_bigtiff.tif") as im:
+            # multistrip support not yet implemented
+            del im.tag_v2[273]
+
+            outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
+            im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im], tiffinfo=im.tag_v2)
+
     def test_set_legacy_api(self):
         ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
         with pytest.raises(Exception) as e:

Tests/test_image_putpalette.py

@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@ def test_putpalette():
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         palette("YCbCr")
 
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_gray.jpg") as im:
+        assert im.mode == "L"
+        im.putpalette(list(range(256)) * 3)
+
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/la.tga") as im:
+        assert im.mode == "LA"
+        im.putpalette(list(range(256)) * 3)
+
 
 def test_imagepalette():
     im = hopper("P")

Tests/test_imagefont.py

@@ -463,6 +463,11 @@ def test_default_font():
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/default_font.png")
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", (None, "1", "RGBA"))
+def test_getbbox(font, mode):
+    assert (0, 4, 12, 16) == font.getbbox("A", mode)
+
+
 def test_getbbox_empty(font):
     # issue #2614, should not crash.
     assert (0, 0, 0, 0) == font.getbbox("")
@@ -1037,6 +1042,7 @@ def test_render_mono_size():
     "test_file",
     [
         "Tests/fonts/oom-e8e927ba6c0d38274a37c1567560eb33baf74627.ttf",
+        "Tests/fonts/oom-4da0210eb7081b0bf15bf16cc4c52ce02c1e1bbc.ttf",
     ],
 )
 def test_oom(test_file):

Tests/test_imageops.py

@@ -404,6 +404,18 @@ def test_exif_transpose():
     assert 0x0112 not in transposed_im.getexif()
 
 
+def test_exif_transpose_in_place():
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/orientation_rectangle.jpg") as im:
+        assert im.size == (2, 1)
+        assert im.getexif()[0x0112] == 8
+        expected = im.rotate(90, expand=True)
+
+        ImageOps.exif_transpose(im, in_place=True)
+        assert im.size == (1, 2)
+        assert 0x0112 not in im.getexif()
+        assert_image_equal(im, expected)
+
+
 def test_autocontrast_cutoff():
     # Test the cutoff argument of autocontrast
     with Image.open("Tests/images/bw_gradient.png") as img:

_custom_build/backend.py

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import sys
+
+from setuptools.build_meta import *  # noqa: F401, F403
+from setuptools.build_meta import build_wheel
+
+backend_class = build_wheel.__self__.__class__
+
+
+class _CustomBuildMetaBackend(backend_class):
+    def run_setup(self, setup_script="setup.py"):
+        if self.config_settings:
+
+            def config_has(key, value):
+                settings = self.config_settings.get(key)
+                if settings:
+                    if not isinstance(settings, list):
+                        settings = [settings]
+                    return value in settings
+
+            flags = []
+            for dependency in (
+                "zlib",
+                "jpeg",
+                "tiff",
+                "freetype",
+                "raqm",
+                "lcms",
+                "webp",
+                "webpmux",
+                "jpeg2000",
+                "imagequant",
+                "xcb",
+            ):
+                if config_has(dependency, "enable"):
+                    flags.append("--enable-" + dependency)
+                elif config_has(dependency, "disable"):
+                    flags.append("--disable-" + dependency)
+            for dependency in ("raqm", "fribidi"):
+                if config_has(dependency, "vendor"):
+                    flags.append("--vendor-" + dependency)
+            if self.config_settings.get("platform-guessing") == "disable":
+                flags.append("--disable-platform-guessing")
+            if self.config_settings.get("debug") == "true":
+                flags.append("--debug")
+            if flags:
+                sys.argv = sys.argv[:1] + ["build_ext"] + flags + sys.argv[1:]
+        return super().run_setup(setup_script)
+
+    def build_wheel(
+        self, wheel_directory, config_settings=None, metadata_directory=None
+    ):
+        self.config_settings = config_settings
+        return super().build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings, metadata_directory)
+
+
+build_wheel = _CustomBuildMetaBackend().build_wheel

docs/Guardfile

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 from livereload.compiler import shell
 from livereload.task import Task
 
-Task.add('*.rst', shell('make html'))
+Task.add("*.rst", shell("make html"))
-Task.add('*/*.rst', shell('make html'))
+Task.add("*/*.rst", shell("make html"))
-Task.add('Makefile', shell('make html'))
+Task.add("Makefile", shell("make html"))
-Task.add('conf.py', shell('make html'))
+Task.add("conf.py", shell("make html"))

docs/handbook/concepts.rst

@@ -95,9 +95,8 @@ in the upper left corner. Note that the coordinates refer to the implied pixel
 corners; the centre of a pixel addressed as (0, 0) actually lies at (0.5, 0.5).
 
 Coordinates are usually passed to the library as 2-tuples (x, y). Rectangles
-are represented as 4-tuples, with the upper left corner given first. For
+are represented as 4-tuples, (x1, y1, x2, y2), with the upper left corner given
-example, a rectangle covering all of an 800x600 pixel image is written as (0,
+first.
-0, 800, 600).
 
 Palette
 -------

docs/handbook/image-file-formats.rst

@@ -1380,6 +1380,12 @@ PSD
 
 Pillow identifies and reads PSD files written by Adobe Photoshop 2.5 and 3.0.
 
+QOI
+^^^
+
+.. versionadded:: 9.5.0
+
+Pillow identifies and reads images in Quite OK Image format.
 
 SUN
 ^^^
@@ -1562,13 +1568,6 @@ The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method can take the following keyword argum
 
     .. versionadded:: 5.3.0
 
-QOI
-^^^
-
-.. versionadded:: 9.5.0
-
-Pillow identifies and reads images in Quite OK Image format.
-
 XV Thumbnails
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 

docs/installation.rst

@@ -312,6 +312,11 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
             mingw-w64-x86_64-libimagequant \
             mingw-w64-x86_64-libraqm
 
+    https://www.msys2.org/docs/python/ states that setuptools >= 60 does not work with
+    MSYS2. To workaround this, before installing Pillow you must run::
+
+        export SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=stdlib
+
 .. tab:: FreeBSD
 
     .. Note:: Only FreeBSD 10 and 11 tested
@@ -380,40 +385,40 @@ Build Options
   using a setting of 1. By default, it uses 4 CPUs, or if 4 are not
   available, as many as are present.
 
-* Build flags: ``--disable-zlib``, ``--disable-jpeg``,
+* Config settings: ``-C zlib=disable``, ``-C jpeg=disable``,
-  ``--disable-tiff``, ``--disable-freetype``, ``--disable-raqm``,
+  ``-C tiff=disable``, ``-C freetype=disable``, ``-C raqm=disable``,
-  ``--disable-lcms``, ``--disable-webp``, ``--disable-webpmux``,
+  ``-C lcms=disable``, ``-C webp=disable``, ``-C webpmux=disable``,
-  ``--disable-jpeg2000``, ``--disable-imagequant``, ``--disable-xcb``.
+  ``-C jpeg2000=disable``, ``-C imagequant=disable``, ``-C xcb=disable``.
   Disable building the corresponding feature even if the development
   libraries are present on the building machine.
 
-* Build flags: ``--enable-zlib``, ``--enable-jpeg``,
+* Config settings: ``-C zlib=enable``, ``-C jpeg=enable``,
-  ``--enable-tiff``, ``--enable-freetype``, ``--enable-raqm``,
+  ``-C tiff=enable``, ``-C freetype=enable``, ``-C raqm=enable``,
-  ``--enable-lcms``, ``--enable-webp``, ``--enable-webpmux``,
+  ``-C lcms=enable``, ``-C webp=enable``, ``-C webpmux=enable``,
-  ``--enable-jpeg2000``, ``--enable-imagequant``, ``--enable-xcb``.
+  ``-C jpeg2000=enable``, ``-C imagequant=enable``, ``-C xcb=enable``.
   Require that the corresponding feature is built. The build will raise
   an exception if the libraries are not found. Webpmux (WebP metadata)
   relies on WebP support. Tcl and Tk also must be used together.
 
-* Build flags: ``--vendor-raqm``, ``--vendor-fribidi``.
+* Config settings: ``-C raqm=vendor``, ``-C fribidi=vendor``.
   These flags are used to compile a modified version of libraqm and
   a shim that dynamically loads libfribidi at runtime. These are
   used to compile the standard Pillow wheels. Compiling libraqm requires
   a C99-compliant compiler.
 
-* Build flag: ``--disable-platform-guessing``. Skips all of the
+* Build flag: ``-C platform-guessing=disable``. Skips all of the
   platform dependent guessing of include and library directories for
   automated build systems that configure the proper paths in the
   environment variables (e.g. Buildroot).
 
-* Build flag: ``--debug``. Adds a debugging flag to the include and
+* Build flag: ``-C debug=true``. Adds a debugging flag to the include and
   library search process to dump all paths searched for and found to
   stdout.
 
 
 Sample usage::
 
-    python3 -m pip install --upgrade Pillow --global-option="build_ext" --global-option="--enable-[feature]"
+    python3 -m pip install --upgrade Pillow -C [feature]=enable
 
 Platform Support
 ----------------
@@ -448,6 +453,8 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Debian 11 Bullseye               | 3.9                        | x86                 |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
+| Debian 12 Bookworm               | 3.11                       | x86                 |
++----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Fedora 37                        | 3.11                       | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Fedora 38                        | 3.11                       | x86-64              |

docs/reference/ImageDraw.rst

@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ Methods
 
         .. versionadded:: 5.3.0
 
-.. py:method:: ImageDraw.rounded_rectangle(xy, radius=0, fill=None, outline=None, width=1)
+.. py:method:: ImageDraw.rounded_rectangle(xy, radius=0, fill=None, outline=None, width=1, corners=None)
 
     Draws a rounded rectangle.
 
@@ -341,6 +341,7 @@ Methods
     :param width: The line width, in pixels.
     :param corners: A tuple of whether to round each corner,
                     ``(top_left, top_right, bottom_right, bottom_left)``.
+                    Keyword-only argument.
 
     .. versionadded:: 8.2.0
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 [build-system]
-build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+requires = ["setuptools >= 67.8", "wheel"]
-requires = [
+build-backend = "backend"
-  "setuptools>=67.8",
+backend-path = ["_custom_build"]
-]

setup.py

@@ -515,6 +515,7 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
 
         elif sys.platform == "cygwin":
             # pythonX.Y.dll.a is in the /usr/lib/pythonX.Y/config directory
+            self.compiler.shared_lib_extension = ".dll.a"
             _add_directory(
                 library_dirs,
                 os.path.join(

src/PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py

@@ -134,6 +134,13 @@ def Ghostscript(tile, size, fp, scale=1, transparency=False):
 
     if gs_windows_binary is not None:
         if not gs_windows_binary:
+            try:
+                os.unlink(outfile)
+                if infile_temp:
+                    os.unlink(infile_temp)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
             msg = "Unable to locate Ghostscript on paths"
             raise OSError(msg)
         command[0] = gs_windows_binary
@@ -354,7 +361,6 @@ class EpsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         check_required_header_comments()
 
         if not self._size:
-            self._size = 1, 1  # errors if this isn't set. why (1,1)?
             msg = "cannot determine EPS bounding box"
             raise OSError(msg)
 

src/PIL/GdImageFile.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class GdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         # Header
         s = self.fp.read(1037)
 
-        if not i16(s) in [65534, 65535]:
+        if i16(s) not in [65534, 65535]:
             msg = "Not a valid GD 2.x .gd file"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)
 

src/PIL/GifImagePlugin.py

@@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ def _get_palette_bytes(im):
     :param im: Image object
     :returns: Bytes, len<=768 suitable for inclusion in gif header
     """
-    return im.palette.palette
+    return im.palette.palette if im.palette else b""
 
 
 def _get_background(im, info_background):

src/PIL/IcnsImagePlugin.py

@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ import os
 import struct
 import sys
 
-from PIL import Image, ImageFile, PngImagePlugin, features
+from . import Image, ImageFile, PngImagePlugin, features
 
 enable_jpeg2k = features.check_codec("jpg_2000")
 if enable_jpeg2k:
-    from PIL import Jpeg2KImagePlugin
+    from . import Jpeg2KImagePlugin
 
 MAGIC = b"icns"
 HEADERSIZE = 8

src/PIL/Image.py

@@ -1254,7 +1254,7 @@ class Image:
         if ymargin is None:
             ymargin = xmargin
         self.load()
-        return self._new(self.im.expand(xmargin, ymargin, 0))
+        return self._new(self.im.expand(xmargin, ymargin))
 
     def filter(self, filter):
         """
@@ -1433,12 +1433,12 @@ class Image:
             self._exif.load(exif_info)
 
         # XMP tags
-        if 0x0112 not in self._exif:
+        if ExifTags.Base.Orientation not in self._exif:
             xmp_tags = self.info.get("XML:com.adobe.xmp")
             if xmp_tags:
                 match = re.search(r'tiff:Orientation(="|>)([0-9])', xmp_tags)
                 if match:
-                    self._exif[0x0112] = int(match[2])
+                    self._exif[ExifTags.Base.Orientation] = int(match[2])
 
         return self._exif
 
@@ -1731,7 +1731,7 @@ class Image:
         if not isinstance(dest, (list, tuple)):
             msg = "Destination must be a tuple"
             raise ValueError(msg)
-        if not len(source) in (2, 4):
+        if len(source) not in (2, 4):
             msg = "Source must be a 2 or 4-tuple"
             raise ValueError(msg)
         if not len(dest) == 2:
@@ -2451,8 +2451,8 @@ class Image:
         The image is first saved to a temporary file. By default, it will be in
         PNG format.
 
-        On Unix, the image is then opened using the **display**, **eog** or
+        On Unix, the image is then opened using the **xdg-open**, **display**,
-        **xv** utility, depending on which one can be found.
+        **gm**, **eog** or **xv** utility, depending on which one can be found.
 
         On macOS, the image is opened with the native Preview application.
 

src/PIL/ImageCms.py

@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
 import sys
 from enum import IntEnum
 
-from PIL import Image
+from . import Image
 
 try:
-    from PIL import _imagingcms
+    from . import _imagingcms
 except ImportError as ex:
     # Allow error import for doc purposes, but error out when accessing
     # anything in core.
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ def get_display_profile(handle=None):
     if sys.platform != "win32":
         return None
 
-    from PIL import ImageWin
+    from . import ImageWin
 
     if isinstance(handle, ImageWin.HDC):
         profile = core.get_display_profile_win32(handle, 1)

src/PIL/ImageFilter.py

@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ class Kernel(BuiltinFilter):
 
     :param size: Kernel size, given as (width, height). In the current
                     version, this must be (3,3) or (5,5).
-    :param kernel: A sequence containing kernel weights.
+    :param kernel: A sequence containing kernel weights. The kernel will
+                   be flipped vertically before being applied to the image.
     :param scale: Scale factor. If given, the result for each pixel is
                     divided by this value. The default is the sum of the
                     kernel weights.

src/PIL/ImageFont.py

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #
 
 import base64
-import math
 import os
 import sys
 import warnings
@@ -226,10 +225,6 @@ class FreeTypeFont:
         path, size, index, encoding, layout_engine = state
         self.__init__(path, size, index, encoding, layout_engine)
 
-    def _multiline_split(self, text):
-        split_character = "\n" if isinstance(text, str) else b"\n"
-        return text.split(split_character)
-
     def getname(self):
         """
         :return: A tuple of the font family (e.g. Helvetica) and the font style
@@ -551,28 +546,23 @@ class FreeTypeFont:
                  :py:mod:`PIL.Image.core` interface module, and the text offset, the
                  gap between the starting coordinate and the first marking
         """
-        size, offset = self.font.getsize(
-            text, mode, direction, features, language, anchor
-        )
         if start is None:
             start = (0, 0)
-        size = tuple(math.ceil(size[i] + stroke_width * 2 + start[i]) for i in range(2))
+        im, size, offset = self.font.render(
-        offset = offset[0] - stroke_width, offset[1] - stroke_width
-        Image._decompression_bomb_check(size)
-        im = Image.core.fill("RGBA" if mode == "RGBA" else "L", size, 0)
-        if min(size):
-            self.font.render(
             text,
-                im.id,
+            Image.core.fill,
             mode,
             direction,
             features,
             language,
             stroke_width,
+            anchor,
             ink,
             start[0],
             start[1],
+            Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS,
         )
+        Image._decompression_bomb_check(size)
         return im, offset
 
     def font_variant(

src/PIL/ImageGrab.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 # See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
 #
 
+import io
 import os
 import shutil
 import subprocess
@@ -94,14 +95,14 @@ def grab(bbox=None, include_layered_windows=False, all_screens=False, xdisplay=N
 
 def grabclipboard():
     if sys.platform == "darwin":
-        fh, filepath = tempfile.mkstemp(".jpg")
+        fh, filepath = tempfile.mkstemp(".png")
         os.close(fh)
         commands = [
             'set theFile to (open for access POSIX file "'
             + filepath
             + '" with write permission)',
             "try",
-            "    write (the clipboard as JPEG picture) to theFile",
+            "    write (the clipboard as «class PNGf») to theFile",
             "end try",
             "close access theFile",
         ]
@@ -128,8 +129,6 @@ def grabclipboard():
                 files = data[o:].decode("mbcs").split("\0")
             return files[: files.index("")]
         if isinstance(data, bytes):
-            import io
-
             data = io.BytesIO(data)
             if fmt == "png":
                 from . import PngImagePlugin
@@ -159,13 +158,12 @@ def grabclipboard():
         else:
             msg = "wl-paste or xclip is required for ImageGrab.grabclipboard() on Linux"
             raise NotImplementedError(msg)
-        fh, filepath = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        p = subprocess.run(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
-        err = subprocess.run(args, stdout=fh, stderr=subprocess.PIPE).stderr
+        err = p.stderr
-        os.close(fh)
         if err:
             msg = f"{args[0]} error: {err.strip().decode()}"
             raise ChildProcessError(msg)
-        im = Image.open(filepath)
+        data = io.BytesIO(p.stdout)
+        im = Image.open(data)
         im.load()
-        os.unlink(filepath)
         return im

src/PIL/ImageOps.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import functools
 import operator
 import re
 
-from . import Image, ImagePalette
+from . import ExifTags, Image, ImagePalette
 
 #
 # helpers
@@ -576,19 +576,20 @@ def solarize(image, threshold=128):
     return _lut(image, lut)
 
 
-def exif_transpose(image):
+def exif_transpose(image, *, in_place=False):
     """
-    If an image has an EXIF Orientation tag, other than 1, return a new image
+    If an image has an EXIF Orientation tag, other than 1, transpose the image
-    that is transposed accordingly. The new image will have the orientation
+    accordingly, and remove the orientation data.
-    data removed.
-
-    Otherwise, return a copy of the image.
 
     :param image: The image to transpose.
-    :return: An image.
+    :param in_place: Boolean. Keyword-only argument.
+        If ``True``, the original image is modified in-place, and ``None`` is returned.
+        If ``False`` (default), a new :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object is returned
+        with the transposition applied. If there is no transposition, a copy of the
+        image will be returned.
     """
-    exif = image.getexif()
+    image_exif = image.getexif()
-    orientation = exif.get(0x0112)
+    orientation = image_exif.get(ExifTags.Base.Orientation)
     method = {
         2: Image.Transpose.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT,
         3: Image.Transpose.ROTATE_180,
@@ -600,22 +601,28 @@ def exif_transpose(image):
     }.get(orientation)
     if method is not None:
         transposed_image = image.transpose(method)
-        transposed_exif = transposed_image.getexif()
+        if in_place:
-        if 0x0112 in transposed_exif:
+            image.im = transposed_image.im
-            del transposed_exif[0x0112]
+            image.pyaccess = None
-            if "exif" in transposed_image.info:
+            image._size = transposed_image._size
-                transposed_image.info["exif"] = transposed_exif.tobytes()
+        exif_image = image if in_place else transposed_image
-            elif "Raw profile type exif" in transposed_image.info:
+
-                transposed_image.info[
+        exif = exif_image.getexif()
-                    "Raw profile type exif"
+        if ExifTags.Base.Orientation in exif:
-                ] = transposed_exif.tobytes().hex()
+            del exif[ExifTags.Base.Orientation]
-            elif "XML:com.adobe.xmp" in transposed_image.info:
+            if "exif" in exif_image.info:
+                exif_image.info["exif"] = exif.tobytes()
+            elif "Raw profile type exif" in exif_image.info:
+                exif_image.info["Raw profile type exif"] = exif.tobytes().hex()
+            elif "XML:com.adobe.xmp" in exif_image.info:
                 for pattern in (
                     r'tiff:Orientation="([0-9])"',
                     r"<tiff:Orientation>([0-9])</tiff:Orientation>",
                 ):
-                    transposed_image.info["XML:com.adobe.xmp"] = re.sub(
+                    exif_image.info["XML:com.adobe.xmp"] = re.sub(
-                        pattern, "", transposed_image.info["XML:com.adobe.xmp"]
+                        pattern, "", exif_image.info["XML:com.adobe.xmp"]
                     )
+        if not in_place:
             return transposed_image
+    elif not in_place:
         return image.copy()

src/PIL/ImageShow.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 from shlex import quote
 
-from PIL import Image
+from . import Image
 
 _viewers = []
 

src/PIL/JpegImagePlugin.py

@@ -457,6 +457,11 @@ class JpegImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         if os.path.exists(self.filename):
             subprocess.check_call(["djpeg", "-outfile", path, self.filename])
         else:
+            try:
+                os.unlink(path)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
             msg = "Invalid Filename"
             raise ValueError(msg)
 

src/PIL/PngImagePlugin.py

@@ -1146,11 +1146,14 @@ def _write_multiple_frames(im, fp, chunk, rawmode, default_image, append_images)
                     and prev_disposal == encoderinfo.get("disposal")
                     and prev_blend == encoderinfo.get("blend")
                 ):
-                    if isinstance(duration, (list, tuple)):
+                    previous["encoderinfo"]["duration"] += encoderinfo.get(
-                        previous["encoderinfo"]["duration"] += encoderinfo["duration"]
+                        "duration", duration
+                    )
                     continue
             else:
                 bbox = None
+            if "duration" not in encoderinfo:
+                encoderinfo["duration"] = duration
             im_frames.append({"im": im_frame, "bbox": bbox, "encoderinfo": encoderinfo})
 
     # animation control
@@ -1175,7 +1178,7 @@ def _write_multiple_frames(im, fp, chunk, rawmode, default_image, append_images)
             im_frame = im_frame.crop(bbox)
         size = im_frame.size
         encoderinfo = frame_data["encoderinfo"]
-        frame_duration = int(round(encoderinfo.get("duration", duration)))
+        frame_duration = int(round(encoderinfo["duration"]))
         frame_disposal = encoderinfo.get("disposal", disposal)
         frame_blend = encoderinfo.get("blend", blend)
         # frame control

src/PIL/SpiderImagePlugin.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ import os
 import struct
 import sys
 
-from PIL import Image, ImageFile
+from . import Image, ImageFile
 
 
 def isInt(f):
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ class SpiderImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
     # returns a ImageTk.PhotoImage object, after rescaling to 0..255
     def tkPhotoImage(self):
-        from PIL import ImageTk
+        from . import ImageTk
 
         return ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.convert2byte(), palette=256)
 

src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ from collections.abc import MutableMapping
 from fractions import Fraction
 from numbers import Number, Rational
 
-from . import Image, ImageFile, ImageOps, ImagePalette, TiffTags
+from . import ExifTags, Image, ImageFile, ImageOps, ImagePalette, TiffTags
 from ._binary import i16be as i16
 from ._binary import i32be as i32
 from ._binary import o8
@@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         :returns: Photoshop "Image Resource Blocks" in a dictionary.
         """
         blocks = {}
-        val = self.tag_v2.get(0x8649)
+        val = self.tag_v2.get(ExifTags.Base.ImageResources)
         if val:
             while val[:4] == b"8BIM":
                 id = i16(val[4:6])
@@ -1550,7 +1550,7 @@ class TiffImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             palette = [o8(b // 256) for b in self.tag_v2[COLORMAP]]
             self.palette = ImagePalette.raw("RGB;L", b"".join(palette))
 
-        self._tile_orientation = self.tag_v2.get(0x0112)
+        self._tile_orientation = self.tag_v2.get(ExifTags.Base.Orientation)
 
 
 #
@@ -1894,6 +1894,10 @@ class AppendingTiffWriter:
         8,  # srational
         4,  # float
         8,  # double
+        4,  # ifd
+        2,  # unicode
+        4,  # complex
+        8,  # long8
     ]
 
     #    StripOffsets = 273

src/PIL/features.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def check_module(feature):
     :returns: ``True`` if available, ``False`` otherwise.
     :raises ValueError: If the module is not defined in this version of Pillow.
     """
-    if not (feature in modules):
+    if feature not in modules:
         msg = f"Unknown module {feature}"
         raise ValueError(msg)
 

src/_imaging.c

@@ -1027,12 +1027,11 @@ _crop(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 static PyObject *
 _expand_image(ImagingObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     int x, y;
-    int mode = 0;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii", &x, &y)) {
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii|i", &x, &y, &mode)) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    return PyImagingNew(ImagingExpand(self->image, x, y, mode));
+    return PyImagingNew(ImagingExpand(self->image, x, y));
 }
 
 static PyObject *

src/_imagingft.c

@@ -132,6 +132,27 @@ getfont(PyObject *self_, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION > 3 || PY_MINOR_VERSION > 11
+    PyConfig config;
+    PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(
+            args,
+            kw,
+            "etf|nsy#n",
+            kwlist,
+            config.filesystem_encoding,
+            &filename,
+            &size,
+            &index,
+            &encoding,
+            &font_bytes,
+            &font_bytes_size,
+            &layout_engine)) {
+        PyConfig_Clear(&config);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyConfig_Clear(&config);
+#else
     if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(
             args,
             kw,
@@ -147,6 +168,7 @@ getfont(PyObject *self_, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw) {
             &layout_engine)) {
         return NULL;
     }
+#endif
 
     self = PyObject_New(FontObject, &Font_Type);
     if (!self) {
@@ -167,7 +189,7 @@ getfont(PyObject *self_, PyObject *args, PyObject *kw) {
         /* Don't free this before FT_Done_Face */
         self->font_bytes = PyMem_Malloc(font_bytes_size);
         if (!self->font_bytes) {
-            error = 65;  // Out of Memory in Freetype.
+            error = FT_Err_Out_Of_Memory;
         }
         if (!error) {
             memcpy(self->font_bytes, font_bytes, (size_t)font_bytes_size);
@@ -232,9 +254,7 @@ text_layout_raqm(
     const char *dir,
     PyObject *features,
     const char *lang,
-    GlyphInfo **glyph_info,
+    GlyphInfo **glyph_info) {
-    int mask,
-    int color) {
     size_t i = 0, count = 0, start = 0;
     raqm_t *rq;
     raqm_glyph_t *glyphs = NULL;
@@ -471,7 +491,7 @@ text_layout(
 #ifdef HAVE_RAQM
     if (have_raqm && self->layout_engine == LAYOUT_RAQM) {
         count = text_layout_raqm(
-            string, self, dir, features, lang, glyph_info,  mask, color);
+            string, self, dir, features, lang, glyph_info);
     } else
 #endif
     {
@@ -529,73 +549,25 @@ font_getlength(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     return PyLong_FromLong(length);
 }
 
-static PyObject *
+static int
-font_getsize(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
+bounding_box_and_anchors(FT_Face face, const char *anchor, int horizontal_dir, GlyphInfo *glyph_info, size_t count, int load_flags, int *width, int *height, int *x_offset, int *y_offset) {
     int position; /* pen position along primary axis, in 26.6 precision */
     int advanced; /* pen position along primary axis, in pixels */
     int px, py;   /* position of current glyph, in pixels */
     int x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max; /* text bounding box, in pixels */
     int x_anchor, y_anchor;         /* offset of point drawn at (0, 0), in pixels */
-    int load_flags;                 /* FreeType load_flags parameter */
     int error;
-    FT_Face face;
     FT_Glyph glyph;
     FT_BBox bbox;                   /* glyph bounding box */
-    GlyphInfo *glyph_info = NULL; /* computed text layout */
+    size_t i;                       /* glyph_info index */
-    size_t i, count;              /* glyph_info index and length */
-    int horizontal_dir;           /* is primary axis horizontal? */
-    int mask = 0;                 /* is FT_LOAD_TARGET_MONO enabled? */
-    int color = 0;                /* is FT_LOAD_COLOR enabled? */
-    const char *mode = NULL;
-    const char *dir = NULL;
-    const char *lang = NULL;
-    const char *anchor = NULL;
-    PyObject *features = Py_None;
-    PyObject *string;
-
-    /* calculate size and bearing for a given string */
-
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(
-            args, "O|zzOzz:getsize", &string, &mode, &dir, &features, &lang, &anchor)) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    horizontal_dir = dir && strcmp(dir, "ttb") == 0 ? 0 : 1;
-
-    mask = mode && strcmp(mode, "1") == 0;
-    color = mode && strcmp(mode, "RGBA") == 0;
-
-    if (anchor == NULL) {
-        anchor = horizontal_dir ? "la" : "lt";
-    }
-    if (strlen(anchor) != 2) {
-        goto bad_anchor;
-    }
-
-    count = text_layout(string, self, dir, features, lang, &glyph_info, mask, color);
-    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    load_flags = FT_LOAD_DEFAULT;
-    if (mask) {
-        load_flags |= FT_LOAD_TARGET_MONO;
-    }
-    if (color) {
-        load_flags |= FT_LOAD_COLOR;
-    }
-
     /*
      * text bounds are given by:
      *   - bounding boxes of individual glyphs
      *   - pen line, i.e. 0 to `advanced` along primary axis
      *     this means point (0, 0) is part of the text bounding box
      */
-    face = NULL;
     position = x_min = x_max = y_min = y_max = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-        face = self->face;
-
         if (horizontal_dir) {
             px = PIXEL(position + glyph_info[i].x_offset);
             py = PIXEL(glyph_info[i].y_offset);
@@ -618,12 +590,14 @@ font_getsize(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
         error = FT_Load_Glyph(face, glyph_info[i].index, load_flags);
         if (error) {
-            return geterror(error);
+            geterror(error);
+            return 1;
         }
 
         error = FT_Get_Glyph(face->glyph, &glyph);
         if (error) {
-            return geterror(error);
+            geterror(error);
+            return 1;
         }
 
         FT_Glyph_Get_CBox(glyph, FT_GLYPH_BBOX_PIXELS, &bbox);
@@ -647,13 +621,15 @@ font_getsize(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         FT_Done_Glyph(glyph);
     }
 
-    if (glyph_info) {
+    if (anchor == NULL) {
-        PyMem_Free(glyph_info);
+        anchor = horizontal_dir ? "la" : "lt";
-        glyph_info = NULL;
+    }
+    if (strlen(anchor) != 2) {
+        goto bad_anchor;
     }
 
     x_anchor = y_anchor = 0;
-    if (face) {
+    if (count) {
         if (horizontal_dir) {
             switch (anchor[0]) {
                 case 'l':  // left
@@ -671,15 +647,15 @@ font_getsize(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
             }
             switch (anchor[1]) {
                 case 'a':  // ascender
-                    y_anchor = PIXEL(self->face->size->metrics.ascender);
+                    y_anchor = PIXEL(face->size->metrics.ascender);
                     break;
                 case 't':  // top
                     y_anchor = y_max;
                     break;
                 case 'm':  // middle (ascender + descender) / 2
                     y_anchor = PIXEL(
-                        (self->face->size->metrics.ascender +
+                        (face->size->metrics.ascender +
-                         self->face->size->metrics.descender) /
+                         face->size->metrics.descender) /
                         2);
                     break;
                 case 's':  // horizontal baseline
@@ -689,7 +665,7 @@ font_getsize(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
                     y_anchor = y_min;
                     break;
                 case 'd':  // descender
-                    y_anchor = PIXEL(self->face->size->metrics.descender);
+                    y_anchor = PIXEL(face->size->metrics.descender);
                     break;
                 default:
                     goto bad_anchor;
@@ -729,17 +705,74 @@ font_getsize(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
             }
         }
     }
-
+    *width = x_max - x_min;
-    return Py_BuildValue(
+    *height = y_max - y_min;
-        "(ii)(ii)",
+    *x_offset = -x_anchor + x_min;
-        (x_max - x_min),
+    *y_offset = -(-y_anchor + y_max);
-        (y_max - y_min),
+    return 0;
-        (-x_anchor + x_min),
-        -(-y_anchor + y_max));
 
 bad_anchor:
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "bad anchor specified: %s", anchor);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+font_getsize(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
+    int width, height, x_offset, y_offset;
+    int load_flags;               /* FreeType load_flags parameter */
+    int error;
+    GlyphInfo *glyph_info = NULL; /* computed text layout */
+    size_t count;                 /* glyph_info length */
+    int horizontal_dir;           /* is primary axis horizontal? */
+    int mask = 0;                 /* is FT_LOAD_TARGET_MONO enabled? */
+    int color = 0;                /* is FT_LOAD_COLOR enabled? */
+    const char *mode = NULL;
+    const char *dir = NULL;
+    const char *lang = NULL;
+    const char *anchor = NULL;
+    PyObject *features = Py_None;
+    PyObject *string;
+
+    /* calculate size and bearing for a given string */
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(
+            args, "O|zzOzz:getsize", &string, &mode, &dir, &features, &lang, &anchor)) {
         return NULL;
+    }
+
+    horizontal_dir = dir && strcmp(dir, "ttb") == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+
+    mask = mode && strcmp(mode, "1") == 0;
+    color = mode && strcmp(mode, "RGBA") == 0;
+
+    count = text_layout(string, self, dir, features, lang, &glyph_info, mask, color);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    load_flags = FT_LOAD_DEFAULT;
+    if (mask) {
+        load_flags |= FT_LOAD_TARGET_MONO;
+    }
+    if (color) {
+        load_flags |= FT_LOAD_COLOR;
+    }
+
+    error = bounding_box_and_anchors(self->face, anchor, horizontal_dir, glyph_info, count, load_flags, &width, &height, &x_offset, &y_offset);
+    if (glyph_info) {
+        PyMem_Free(glyph_info);
+        glyph_info = NULL;
+    }
+    if (error) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return Py_BuildValue(
+        "(ii)(ii)",
+        width,
+        height,
+        x_offset,
+        y_offset);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -763,6 +796,7 @@ font_render(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     unsigned int bitmap_y;          /* glyph bitmap y index */
     unsigned char *source;          /* glyph bitmap source buffer */
     unsigned char convert_scale;    /* scale factor for non-8bpp bitmaps */
+    PyObject *image;
     Imaging im;
     Py_ssize_t id;
     int mask = 0;  /* is FT_LOAD_TARGET_MONO enabled? */
@@ -773,27 +807,34 @@ font_render(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     const char *mode = NULL;
     const char *dir = NULL;
     const char *lang = NULL;
+    const char *anchor = NULL;
     PyObject *features = Py_None;
     PyObject *string;
+    PyObject *fill;
     float x_start = 0;
     float y_start = 0;
+    int width, height, x_offset, y_offset;
+    int horizontal_dir; /* is primary axis horizontal? */
+    PyObject *max_image_pixels = Py_None;
 
     /* render string into given buffer (the buffer *must* have
        the right size, or this will crash) */
 
     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(
             args,
-            "On|zzOziLff:render",
+            "OO|zzOzizLffO:render",
             &string,
-            &id,
+            &fill,
             &mode,
             &dir,
             &features,
             &lang,
             &stroke_width,
+            &anchor,
             &foreground_ink_long,
             &x_start,
-            &y_start)) {
+            &y_start,
+            &max_image_pixels)) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -819,14 +860,52 @@ font_render(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    if (count == 0) {
+
-        Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    load_flags = stroke_width ? FT_LOAD_NO_BITMAP : FT_LOAD_DEFAULT;
+    if (mask) {
+        load_flags |= FT_LOAD_TARGET_MONO;
+    }
+    if (color) {
+        load_flags |= FT_LOAD_COLOR;
+    }
+
+    horizontal_dir = dir && strcmp(dir, "ttb") == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+
+    error = bounding_box_and_anchors(self->face, anchor, horizontal_dir, glyph_info, count, load_flags, &width, &height, &x_offset, &y_offset);
+    if (error) {
+        PyMem_Del(glyph_info);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    width += stroke_width * 2 + ceil(x_start);
+    height += stroke_width * 2 + ceil(y_start);
+    if (max_image_pixels != Py_None) {
+        if ((long long)width * height > PyLong_AsLongLong(max_image_pixels) * 2) {
+            PyMem_Del(glyph_info);
+            return Py_BuildValue("O(ii)(ii)", Py_None, width, height, 0, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    image = PyObject_CallFunction(fill, "s(ii)", strcmp(mode, "RGBA") == 0 ? "RGBA" : "L", width, height);
+    if (image == NULL) {
+        PyMem_Del(glyph_info);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    id = PyLong_AsSsize_t(PyObject_GetAttrString(image, "id"));
+    im = (Imaging)id;
+
+    x_offset -= stroke_width;
+    y_offset -= stroke_width;
+    if (count == 0 || width == 0 || height == 0) {
+        PyMem_Del(glyph_info);
+        return Py_BuildValue("O(ii)(ii)", image, width, height, x_offset, y_offset);
     }
 
     if (stroke_width) {
         error = FT_Stroker_New(library, &stroker);
         if (error) {
-            return geterror(error);
+            geterror(error);
+            goto glyph_error;
         }
 
         FT_Stroker_Set(
@@ -837,15 +916,6 @@ font_render(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
             0);
     }
 
-    im = (Imaging)id;
-    load_flags = stroke_width ? FT_LOAD_NO_BITMAP : FT_LOAD_DEFAULT;
-    if (mask) {
-        load_flags |= FT_LOAD_TARGET_MONO;
-    }
-    if (color) {
-        load_flags |= FT_LOAD_COLOR;
-    }
-
     /*
      * calculate x_min and y_max
      * must match font_getsize or there may be clipping!
@@ -858,7 +928,8 @@ font_render(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         error =
             FT_Load_Glyph(self->face, glyph_info[i].index, load_flags | FT_LOAD_RENDER);
         if (error) {
-            return geterror(error);
+            geterror(error);
+            goto glyph_error;
         }
 
         glyph_slot = self->face->glyph;
@@ -889,7 +960,8 @@ font_render(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
         error = FT_Load_Glyph(self->face, glyph_info[i].index, load_flags);
         if (error) {
-            return geterror(error);
+            geterror(error);
+            goto glyph_error;
         }
 
         glyph_slot = self->face->glyph;
@@ -903,7 +975,8 @@ font_render(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
                 error = FT_Glyph_To_Bitmap(&glyph, FT_RENDER_MODE_NORMAL, &origin, 1);
             }
             if (error) {
-                return geterror(error);
+                geterror(error);
+                goto glyph_error;
             }
 
             bitmap_glyph = (FT_BitmapGlyph)glyph;
@@ -1042,9 +1115,15 @@ font_render(FontObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     }
     FT_Stroker_Done(stroker);
     PyMem_Del(glyph_info);
-    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    return Py_BuildValue("O(ii)(ii)", image, width, height, x_offset, y_offset);
 
 glyph_error:
+    if (im->destroy) {
+        im->destroy(im);
+    }
+    if (im->image) {
+        free(im->image);
+    }
     if (stroker != NULL) {
         FT_Done_Glyph(glyph);
     }

src/display.c

@@ -436,10 +436,16 @@ PyImaging_GrabClipboardWin32(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     UINT formats[] = {CF_DIB, CF_DIBV5, CF_HDROP, RegisterClipboardFormatA("PNG"), 0};
     LPCSTR format_names[] = {"DIB", "DIB", "file", "png", NULL};
 
+    if (!OpenClipboard(NULL)) {
+        // Maybe the clipboard is temporarily in use by another process.
+        // Wait and try again
+        Sleep(500);
+
         if (!OpenClipboard(NULL)) {
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OSError, "failed to open clipboard");
             return NULL;
         }
+    }
 
     // find best format as set by clipboard owner
     format = 0;

src/libImaging/Filter.c

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ clip32(float in) {
 }
 
 Imaging
-ImagingExpand(Imaging imIn, int xmargin, int ymargin, int mode) {
+ImagingExpand(Imaging imIn, int xmargin, int ymargin) {
     Imaging imOut;
     int x, y;
     ImagingSectionCookie cookie;

src/libImaging/ImPlatform.h

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__) /* WIN */
 
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
 #include <Windows.h>
@@ -37,15 +37,33 @@
 #undef WIN32
 #endif
 
-#else
+#else /* not WIN */
 /* For System that are not Windows, we'll need to define these. */
+/* We have to define them instead of using typedef because the JPEG lib also
+   defines their own types with the same names, so we need to be able to undef
+   ours before including the JPEG code. */
+
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L /* C99+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#define INT8 int8_t
+#define UINT8 uint8_t
+#define INT16 int16_t
+#define UINT16 uint16_t
+#define INT32 int32_t
+#define UINT32 uint32_t
+
+#else /* < C99 */
+
+#define INT8 signed char
 
 #if SIZEOF_SHORT == 2
 #define INT16 short
 #elif SIZEOF_INT == 2
 #define INT16 int
 #else
-#define INT16 short /* most things works just fine anyway... */
+#error Cannot find required 16-bit integer type
 #endif
 
 #if SIZEOF_SHORT == 4
@@ -58,19 +76,13 @@
 #error Cannot find required 32-bit integer type
 #endif
 
-#if SIZEOF_LONG == 8
-#define INT64 long
-#elif SIZEOF_LONG_LONG == 8
-#define INT64 long
-#endif
-
-#define INT8 signed char
 #define UINT8 unsigned char
-
 #define UINT16 unsigned INT16
 #define UINT32 unsigned INT32
 
-#endif
+#endif /* < C99 */
+
+#endif /* not WIN */
 
 /* assume IEEE; tweak if necessary (patches are welcome) */
 #define FLOAT16 UINT16

src/libImaging/Imaging.h

@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ ImagingConvertTransparent(Imaging im, const char *mode, int r, int g, int b);
 extern Imaging
 ImagingCrop(Imaging im, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1);
 extern Imaging
-ImagingExpand(Imaging im, int x, int y, int mode);
+ImagingExpand(Imaging im, int x, int y);
 extern Imaging
 ImagingFill(Imaging im, const void *ink);
 extern int

src/libImaging/Jpeg2KEncode.c

@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ j2k_encode_entry(Imaging im, ImagingCodecState state) {
     }
 
     if (!context->num_resolutions) {
-        while (tile_width < (1 << (params.numresolution - 1U)) || tile_height < (1 << (params.numresolution - 1U))) {
+        while (tile_width < (1U << (params.numresolution - 1U)) || tile_height < (1U << (params.numresolution - 1U))) {
             params.numresolution -= 1;
         }
     }

src/libImaging/Storage.c

@@ -37,8 +37,6 @@
 #include "Imaging.h"
 #include <string.h>
 
-int ImagingNewCount = 0;
-
 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Standard image object.
  */

src/libImaging/Unpack.c

@@ -1552,10 +1552,12 @@ static struct {
     {"P", "P;4L", 4, unpackP4L},
     {"P", "P", 8, copy1},
     {"P", "P;R", 8, unpackLR},
+    {"P", "L", 8, copy1},
 
     /* palette w. alpha */
     {"PA", "PA", 16, unpackLA},
     {"PA", "PA;L", 16, unpackLAL},
+    {"PA", "LA", 16, unpackLA},
 
     /* true colour */
     {"RGB", "RGB", 24, ImagingUnpackRGB},

tox.ini

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ extras =
     tests
 commands =
     make clean
-    {envpython} -m pip install --global-option="build_ext" --global-option="--inplace" .
+    {envpython} -m pip install .
     {envpython} selftest.py
     {envpython} -m pytest -W always {posargs}
 allowlist_externals =

winbuild/build_prepare.py

@@ -152,9 +152,9 @@ deps = {
         "libs": [r"*.lib"],
     },
     "xz": {
-        "url": SF_PROJECTS + "/lzmautils/files/xz-5.4.2.tar.gz/download",
+        "url": SF_PROJECTS + "/lzmautils/files/xz-5.4.3.tar.gz/download",
-        "filename": "xz-5.4.2.tar.gz",
+        "filename": "xz-5.4.3.tar.gz",
-        "dir": "xz-5.4.2",
+        "dir": "xz-5.4.3",
         "license": "COPYING",
         "build": [
             *cmds_cmake("liblzma", "-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS:BOOL=OFF"),