diff --git a/src/PIL/Image.py b/src/PIL/Image.py
index 2184ef8ea..f81e95695 100644
--- a/src/PIL/Image.py
+++ b/src/PIL/Image.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ import warnings
 from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
 from enum import IntEnum
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, Protocol, Sequence, cast
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, Protocol, Sequence, cast, overload
 
 # VERSION was removed in Pillow 6.0.0.
 # PILLOW_VERSION was removed in Pillow 9.0.0.
@@ -481,6 +481,8 @@ def _getscaleoffset(expr):
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Implementation wrapper
 
+class _GetDataTransform(Protocol):
+    def getdata(self) -> tuple[Transform, Sequence[int]]: ...
 
 class Image:
     """
@@ -1687,7 +1689,7 @@ class Image:
             return self.im.entropy(extrema)
         return self.im.entropy()
 
-    def paste(self, im, box=None, mask=None) -> None:
+    def paste(self, im: Image | str | int | tuple[int, ...], box: tuple[int, int, int, int] | tuple[int, int] | None = None, mask: Image | None = None) -> None:
         """
         Pastes another image into this image. The box argument is either
         a 2-tuple giving the upper left corner, a 4-tuple defining the
@@ -2122,7 +2124,7 @@ class Image:
             min(self.size[1], math.ceil(box[3] + support_y)),
         )
 
-    def resize(self, size, resample=None, box=None, reducing_gap=None) -> Image:
+    def resize(self, size: tuple[int, int], resample: Resampling | None = None, box: tuple[float, float, float, float] | None = None, reducing_gap: float | None = None) -> Image:
         """
         Returns a resized copy of this image.
 
@@ -2228,7 +2230,7 @@ class Image:
 
         return self._new(self.im.resize(size, resample, box))
 
-    def reduce(self, factor, box=None):
+    def reduce(self, factor: int | tuple[int, int], box: tuple[int, int, int, int] | None = None) -> Image:
         """
         Returns a copy of the image reduced ``factor`` times.
         If the size of the image is not dividable by ``factor``,
@@ -2263,13 +2265,13 @@ class Image:
 
     def rotate(
         self,
-        angle,
-        resample=Resampling.NEAREST,
-        expand=0,
-        center=None,
-        translate=None,
-        fillcolor=None,
-    ):
+        angle: float,
+        resample: Resampling = Resampling.NEAREST,
+        expand: bool = False,
+        center: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+        translate: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+        fillcolor: float | tuple[float, ...] | str | None = None,
+    ) -> Image:
         """
         Returns a rotated copy of this image.  This method returns a
         copy of this image, rotated the given number of degrees counter
@@ -2576,7 +2578,7 @@ class Image:
         """
         return 0
 
-    def thumbnail(self, size, resample=Resampling.BICUBIC, reducing_gap=2.0):
+    def thumbnail(self, size: tuple[int, int], resample: Resampling = Resampling.BICUBIC, reducing_gap: float = 2.0) -> None:
         """
         Make this image into a thumbnail.  This method modifies the
         image to contain a thumbnail version of itself, no larger than
@@ -2664,14 +2666,34 @@ class Image:
 
     # FIXME: the different transform methods need further explanation
     # instead of bloating the method docs, add a separate chapter.
+    @overload
     def transform(
         self,
-        size,
-        method,
-        data=None,
-        resample=Resampling.NEAREST,
-        fill=1,
-        fillcolor=None,
+        size: tuple[int, int],
+        method: Transform | ImageTransformHandler,
+        data: Sequence[int],
+        resample: Resampling = Resampling.NEAREST,
+        fill: int = 1,
+        fillcolor: float | tuple[float, ...] | str | None = None,
+    ) -> Image: ...
+    @overload
+    def transform(
+        self,
+        size: tuple[int, int],
+        method: _GetDataTransform,
+        data: None = None,
+        resample: Resampling = Resampling.NEAREST,
+        fill: int = 1,
+        fillcolor: float | tuple[float, ...] | str | None = None,
+    ) -> Image: ...
+    def transform(
+        self,
+        size: tuple[int, int],
+        method: Transform | ImageTransformHandler | _GetDataTransform,
+        data: Sequence[int] | None = None,
+        resample: Resampling = Resampling.NEAREST,
+        fill: int = 1,
+        fillcolor: float | tuple[float, ...] | str | None = None,
     ) -> Image:
         """
         Transforms this image.  This method creates a new image with the
diff --git a/src/PIL/ImageDraw.py b/src/PIL/ImageDraw.py
index d3efe6486..579489fde 100644
--- a/src/PIL/ImageDraw.py
+++ b/src/PIL/ImageDraw.py
@@ -34,10 +34,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import math
 import numbers
 import struct
-from typing import Sequence, cast
+from typing import AnyStr, Sequence, cast
 
 from . import Image, ImageColor
 from ._typing import Coords
+from .ImageFont import FreeTypeFont, ImageFont
 
 """
 A simple 2D drawing interface for PIL images.
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ class ImageDraw:
             self.fontmode = "L"  # aliasing is okay for other modes
         self.fill = False
 
-    def getfont(self):
+    def getfont(self) -> FreeTypeFont | ImageFont:
         """
         Get the current default font.
 
@@ -450,12 +451,12 @@ class ImageDraw:
                     right[3] -= r + 1
                 self.draw.draw_rectangle(right, ink, 1)
 
-    def _multiline_check(self, text) -> bool:
+    def _multiline_check(self, text: str | bytes) -> bool:
         split_character = "\n" if isinstance(text, str) else b"\n"
 
         return split_character in text
 
-    def _multiline_split(self, text) -> list[str | bytes]:
+    def _multiline_split(self, text: AnyStr) -> list[AnyStr]:
         split_character = "\n" if isinstance(text, str) else b"\n"
 
         return text.split(split_character)
@@ -469,7 +470,7 @@ class ImageDraw:
 
     def text(
         self,
-        xy,
+        xy: tuple[int, int],
         text,
         fill=None,
         font=None,
@@ -591,7 +592,7 @@ class ImageDraw:
 
     def multiline_text(
         self,
-        xy,
+        xy: tuple[int, int],
         text,
         fill=None,
         font=None,
@@ -678,15 +679,15 @@ class ImageDraw:
 
     def textlength(
         self,
-        text,
-        font=None,
+        text: str,
+        font: FreeTypeFont | ImageFont | None = None,
         direction=None,
         features=None,
         language=None,
         embedded_color=False,
         *,
         font_size=None,
-    ):
+    ) -> float:
         """Get the length of a given string, in pixels with 1/64 precision."""
         if self._multiline_check(text):
             msg = "can't measure length of multiline text"
diff --git a/src/PIL/ImageFont.py b/src/PIL/ImageFont.py
index 256c581df..536ee5fe6 100644
--- a/src/PIL/ImageFont.py
+++ b/src/PIL/ImageFont.py
@@ -33,12 +33,15 @@ import sys
 import warnings
 from enum import IntEnum
 from io import BytesIO
-from typing import BinaryIO
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, BinaryIO
 
 from . import Image
 from ._typing import StrOrBytesPath
 from ._util import is_directory, is_path
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from _imagingft import Font
+
 
 class Layout(IntEnum):
     BASIC = 0
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ except ImportError as ex:
     core = DeferredError.new(ex)
 
 
-def _string_length_check(text):
+def _string_length_check(text: str | bytes) -> None:
     if MAX_STRING_LENGTH is not None and len(text) > MAX_STRING_LENGTH:
         msg = "too many characters in string"
         raise ValueError(msg)
@@ -81,7 +84,9 @@ def _string_length_check(text):
 class ImageFont:
     """PIL font wrapper"""
 
-    def _load_pilfont(self, filename):
+    font: Font
+
+    def _load_pilfont(self, filename: str) -> None:
         with open(filename, "rb") as fp:
             image = None
             for ext in (".png", ".gif", ".pbm"):
@@ -153,7 +158,7 @@ class ImageFont:
         Image._decompression_bomb_check(self.font.getsize(text))
         return self.font.getmask(text, mode)
 
-    def getbbox(self, text, *args, **kwargs):
+    def getbbox(self, text: str, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> tuple[int, int, int, int]:
         """
         Returns bounding box (in pixels) of given text.
 
@@ -171,7 +176,7 @@ class ImageFont:
         width, height = self.font.getsize(text)
         return 0, 0, width, height
 
-    def getlength(self, text, *args, **kwargs):
+    def getlength(self, text: str, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> int:
         """
         Returns length (in pixels) of given text.
         This is the amount by which following text should be offset.
@@ -254,7 +259,7 @@ class FreeTypeFont:
         path, size, index, encoding, layout_engine = state
         self.__init__(path, size, index, encoding, layout_engine)
 
-    def getname(self):
+    def getname(self) -> tuple[str, str]:
         """
         :return: A tuple of the font family (e.g. Helvetica) and the font style
             (e.g. Bold)
@@ -269,7 +274,7 @@ class FreeTypeFont:
         """
         return self.font.ascent, self.font.descent
 
-    def getlength(self, text, mode="", direction=None, features=None, language=None):
+    def getlength(self, text: str, mode="", direction=None, features=None, language=None) -> float:
         """
         Returns length (in pixels with 1/64 precision) of given text when rendered
         in font with provided direction, features, and language.
@@ -343,14 +348,14 @@ class FreeTypeFont:
 
     def getbbox(
         self,
-        text,
+        text: str,
         mode="",
         direction=None,
         features=None,
         language=None,
         stroke_width=0,
         anchor=None,
-    ):
+    ) -> tuple[int, int, int, int]:
         """
         Returns bounding box (in pixels) of given text relative to given anchor
         when rendered in font with provided direction, features, and language.
@@ -725,7 +730,7 @@ class TransposedFont:
         return self.font.getlength(text, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
-def load(filename):
+def load(filename: str) -> ImageFont:
     """
     Load a font file.  This function loads a font object from the given
     bitmap font file, and returns the corresponding font object.
@@ -739,7 +744,7 @@ def load(filename):
     return f
 
 
-def truetype(font=None, size=10, index=0, encoding="", layout_engine=None):
+def truetype(font: StrOrBytesPath | BinaryIO | None = None, size: float = 10, index: int = 0, encoding: str = "", layout_engine: Layout | None = None) -> FreeTypeFont:
     """
     Load a TrueType or OpenType font from a file or file-like object,
     and create a font object.
@@ -800,7 +805,7 @@ def truetype(font=None, size=10, index=0, encoding="", layout_engine=None):
     :exception ValueError: If the font size is not greater than zero.
     """
 
-    def freetype(font):
+    def freetype(font: StrOrBytesPath | BinaryIO | None) -> FreeTypeFont:
         return FreeTypeFont(font, size, index, encoding, layout_engine)
 
     try:
@@ -850,7 +855,7 @@ def truetype(font=None, size=10, index=0, encoding="", layout_engine=None):
         raise
 
 
-def load_path(filename):
+def load_path(filename: str | bytes) -> ImageFont:
     """
     Load font file. Same as :py:func:`~PIL.ImageFont.load`, but searches for a
     bitmap font along the Python path.
diff --git a/src/PIL/_imagingft.pyi b/src/PIL/_imagingft.pyi
index e27843e53..2c2ea9a54 100644
--- a/src/PIL/_imagingft.pyi
+++ b/src/PIL/_imagingft.pyi
@@ -1,3 +1,38 @@
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, TypedDict
+
+class _Axis(TypedDict):
+    minimum: int | None
+    default: int | None
+    maximum: int | None
+    name: str | None
+
+
+class Font:
+    @property
+    def family(self) -> str | None: ...
+    @property
+    def style(self) -> str | None: ...
+    @property
+    def ascent(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def descent(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def height(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def x_ppem(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def y_ppem(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def glyphs(self) -> int: ...
+
+    def render(self, string: str, fill, mode = ..., dir = ..., features = ..., lang = ..., stroke_width = ..., anchor = ..., foreground_ink_long = ..., x_start = ..., y_start = ..., /) -> tuple[Any, tuple[int, int]]: ...
+    def getsize(self, string: str, mode = ..., dir = ..., features = ..., lang = ..., anchor = ..., /) -> tuple[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]]: ...
+    def getlength(self, string: str, mode = ..., dir = ..., features = ..., lang = ..., /) -> int: ...
+    def getvarnames(self) -> list[str]: ...
+    def getvaraxes(self) -> list[_Axis]: ...
+    def setvarname(self, instance_index: int, /) -> None: ...
+    def setvaraxes(self, axes: list[float], /) -> None: ...
+
+def getfont(filename: str | bytes | bytearray, size, index = ..., encoding = ..., font_bytes = ..., layout_engine = ...) -> Font: ...
 
 def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any: ...