Merge branch 'main' into plainPPM

.github/workflows/cifuzz.yml

@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ jobs:
         language: python
         dry-run: false
     - name: Upload New Crash
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
       if: failure() && steps.build.outcome == 'success'
       with:
         name: artifacts
         path: ./out/artifacts
     - name: Upload Legacy Crash
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
       if: steps.run.outcome == 'success'
       with:
         name: crash

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Lint
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
     - name: pre-commit cache
       uses: actions/cache@v2
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
           lint-pre-commit-
 
     - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v3
       with:
         python-version: "3.10"
         cache: pip

.github/workflows/test-docker.yml

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
     name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
     - name: Build system information
       run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py

.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout Pillow
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       - name: Set up shell
         run: echo "C:\msys64\usr\bin\" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH

.github/workflows/test-valgrind.yml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
     name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
     - name: Build system information
       run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -23,17 +23,17 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Pillow
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
     - name: Checkout cached dependencies
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         repository: python-pillow/pillow-depends
         path: winbuild\depends
 
     # sets env: pythonLocation
     - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v3
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         architecture: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ jobs:
       shell: bash
 
     - name: Upload errors
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
       if: failure()
       with:
         name: errors
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ jobs:
         winbuild\\build\\build_pillow.cmd --disable-imagequant bdist_wheel
       shell: cmd
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
       if: "github.event_name != 'pull_request'"
       with:
         name: ${{ steps.wheel.outputs.dist }}

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ jobs:
     name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v3
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         cache: pip
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ jobs:
         mkdir -p Tests/errors
 
     - name: Upload errors
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
       if: failure()
       with:
         name: errors

.github/workflows/tidelift.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Scan
         uses: tidelift/alignment-action@main
         env:

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-    rev: f1d4e742c91dd5179d742b0db9293c4472b765f8  # frozen: 21.12b0
+    rev: fc0be6eb1e2a96091e6f64009ee5e9081bf8b6c6  # frozen: 22.1.0
     hooks:
       - id: black
         args: ["--target-version", "py37"]
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ repos:
       - id: yesqa
 
   - repo: https://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: 3592548bbd98528887eeed63486cf6c9bae00b98  # frozen: v1.1.10
+    rev: ca52c4245639abd55c970e6bbbca95cab3de22d8  # frozen: v1.1.13
     hooks:
       - id: remove-tabs
         exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.opt$)

Tests/32bit_segfault_check.py

@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ import sys
 
 from PIL import Image
 
-if sys.maxsize < 2 ** 32:
+if sys.maxsize < 2**32:
     im = Image.new("L", (999999, 999999), 0)

Tests/check_large_memory.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ YDIM = 32769
 XDIM = 48000
 
 
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize <= 2 ** 32, reason="requires 64-bit system")
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize <= 2**32, reason="requires 64-bit system")
 
 
 def _write_png(tmp_path, xdim, ydim):

Tests/check_large_memory_numpy.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ YDIM = 32769
 XDIM = 48000
 
 
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize <= 2 ** 32, reason="requires 64-bit system")
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize <= 2**32, reason="requires 64-bit system")
 
 
 def _write_png(tmp_path, xdim, ydim):

Tests/test_core_resources.py

@@ -110,9 +110,9 @@ class TestCoreMemory:
 
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             Image.core.set_blocks_max(-1)
-        if sys.maxsize < 2 ** 32:
+        if sys.maxsize < 2**32:
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                Image.core.set_blocks_max(2 ** 29)
+                Image.core.set_blocks_max(2**29)
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="Images not collected")
     def test_set_blocks_max_stats(self):

Tests/test_file_dds.py

@@ -196,6 +196,13 @@ def test__accept_false():
     assert not output
 
 
+def test_invalid_file():
+    invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
+
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+        DdsImagePlugin.DdsImageFile(invalid_file)
+
+
 def test_short_header():
     """Check a short header"""
     with open(TEST_FILE_DXT5, "rb") as f:

Tests/test_file_ftex.py

@@ -16,6 +16,13 @@ def test_load_dxt1():
             assert_image_similar(im, target.convert("RGBA"), 15)
 
 
+def test_invalid_file():
+    invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
+
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+        FtexImagePlugin.FtexImageFile(invalid_file)
+
+
 def test_constants_deprecation():
     for enum, prefix in {
         FtexImagePlugin.Format: "FORMAT_",

Tests/test_file_libtiff.py

@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
             values = {
                 2: "test",
                 3: 1,
-                4: 2 ** 20,
+                4: 2**20,
                 5: TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(100, 1),
                 12: 1.05,
             }
@@ -1019,7 +1019,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
         im = hopper("RGB").resize((256, 256))
         out = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
 
-        TiffImagePlugin.STRIP_SIZE = 2 ** 18
+        TiffImagePlugin.STRIP_SIZE = 2**18
         try:
 
             im.save(out, compression="tiff_adobe_deflate")

Tests/test_file_tiff_metadata.py

@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ def test_ifd_unsigned_rational(tmp_path):
     im = hopper()
     info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
 
-    max_long = 2 ** 32 - 1
+    max_long = 2**32 - 1
 
     # 4 bytes unsigned long
     numerator = max_long
@@ -290,8 +290,8 @@ def test_ifd_signed_rational(tmp_path):
     info = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2()
 
     # pair of 4 byte signed longs
-    numerator = 2 ** 31 - 1
-    denominator = -(2 ** 31)
+    numerator = 2**31 - 1
+    denominator = -(2**31)
 
     info[37380] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, denominator)
 
@@ -302,8 +302,8 @@ def test_ifd_signed_rational(tmp_path):
         assert numerator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator
         assert denominator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator
 
-    numerator = -(2 ** 31)
-    denominator = 2 ** 31 - 1
+    numerator = -(2**31)
+    denominator = 2**31 - 1
 
     info[37380] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, denominator)
 
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ def test_ifd_signed_rational(tmp_path):
         assert denominator == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator
 
     # out of bounds of 4 byte signed long
-    numerator = -(2 ** 31) - 1
+    numerator = -(2**31) - 1
     denominator = 1
 
     info[37380] = TiffImagePlugin.IFDRational(numerator, denominator)
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ def test_ifd_signed_rational(tmp_path):
     im.save(out, tiffinfo=info, compression="raw")
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
-        assert 2 ** 31 - 1 == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator
+        assert 2**31 - 1 == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].numerator
         assert -1 == reloaded.tag_v2[37380].denominator
 
 

Tests/test_file_webp.py

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class TestFileWebp:
 
         self._roundtrip(tmp_path, "P", 50.0)
 
-    @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize <= 2 ** 32, reason="Requires 64-bit system")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize <= 2**32, reason="Requires 64-bit system")
     def test_write_encoding_error_message(self, tmp_path):
         temp_file = str(tmp_path / "temp.webp")
         im = Image.new("RGB", (15000, 15000))

Tests/test_file_xbm.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from io import BytesIO
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image
+from PIL import Image, XbmImagePlugin
 
 from .helper import hopper
 
@@ -63,6 +63,13 @@ def test_open_filename_with_underscore():
         assert im.size == (128, 128)
 
 
+def test_invalid_file():
+    invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
+
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+        XbmImagePlugin.XbmImageFile(invalid_file)
+
+
 def test_save_wrong_mode(tmp_path):
     im = hopper()
     out = str(tmp_path / "temp.xbm")

Tests/test_image_access.py

@@ -205,10 +205,10 @@ class TestImageGetPixel(AccessTest):
         # see https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/452
         # pixelaccess is using signed int* instead of uint*
         for mode in ("I;16", "I;16B"):
-            self.check(mode, 2 ** 15 - 1)
-            self.check(mode, 2 ** 15)
-            self.check(mode, 2 ** 15 + 1)
-            self.check(mode, 2 ** 16 - 1)
+            self.check(mode, 2**15 - 1)
+            self.check(mode, 2**15)
+            self.check(mode, 2**15 + 1)
+            self.check(mode, 2**16 - 1)
 
     def test_p_putpixel_rgb_rgba(self):
         for color in [(255, 0, 0), (255, 0, 0, 255)]:
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ class TestImagePutPixelError(AccessTest):
     def test_putpixel_overflow_error(self, mode):
         im = hopper(mode)
         with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
-            im.putpixel((0, 0), 2 ** 80)
+            im.putpixel((0, 0), 2**80)
 
     def test_putpixel_unrecognized_mode(self):
         im = hopper("BGR;15")

Tests/test_image_putdata.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def test_long_integers():
     assert put(0xFFFFFFFF) == (255, 255, 255, 255)
     assert put(-1) == (255, 255, 255, 255)
     assert put(-1) == (255, 255, 255, 255)
-    if sys.maxsize > 2 ** 32:
+    if sys.maxsize > 2**32:
         assert put(sys.maxsize) == (255, 255, 255, 255)
     else:
         assert put(sys.maxsize) == (255, 255, 255, 127)

Tests/test_imagecms.py

@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ def test_extended_information():
     def assert_truncated_tuple_equal(tup1, tup2, digits=10):
         # Helper function to reduce precision of tuples of floats
         # recursively and then check equality.
-        power = 10 ** digits
+        power = 10**digits
 
         def truncate_tuple(tuple_or_float):
             return tuple(

Tests/test_imageqt.py

@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ def test_rgb():
 
     def checkrgb(r, g, b):
         val = ImageQt.rgb(r, g, b)
-        val = val % 2 ** 24  # drop the alpha
+        val = val % 2**24  # drop the alpha
         assert val >> 16 == r
-        assert ((val >> 8) % 2 ** 8) == g
-        assert val % 2 ** 8 == b
+        assert ((val >> 8) % 2**8) == g
+        assert val % 2**8 == b
 
     checkrgb(0, 0, 0)
     checkrgb(255, 0, 0)

Tests/test_imagestat.py

@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ def test_constant():
     st = ImageStat.Stat(im)
 
     assert st.extrema[0] == (128, 128)
-    assert st.sum[0] == 128 ** 3
-    assert st.sum2[0] == 128 ** 4
+    assert st.sum[0] == 128**3
+    assert st.sum2[0] == 128**4
     assert st.mean[0] == 128
     assert st.median[0] == 128
     assert st.rms[0] == 128

Tests/test_map.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def test_tobytes():
     Image.MAX_IMAGE_PIXELS = max_pixels
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize <= 2 ** 32, reason="Requires 64-bit system")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize <= 2**32, reason="Requires 64-bit system")
 def test_ysize():
     numpy = pytest.importorskip("numpy", reason="NumPy not installed")
 

Tests/test_pdfparser.py

@@ -115,6 +115,6 @@ def test_pdf_repr():
     assert pdf_repr(True) == b"true"
     assert pdf_repr(False) == b"false"
     assert pdf_repr(None) == b"null"
-    assert pdf_repr(b"a)/b\\(c") == br"(a\)/b\\\(c)"
+    assert pdf_repr(b"a)/b\\(c") == rb"(a\)/b\\\(c)"
     assert pdf_repr([123, True, {"a": PdfName(b"b")}]) == b"[ 123 true <<\n/a /b\n>> ]"
     assert pdf_repr(PdfBinary(b"\x90\x1F\xA0")) == b"<901FA0>"

docs/example/DdsImagePlugin.py

@@ -210,7 +210,9 @@ class DdsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format_description = "DirectDraw Surface"
 
     def _open(self):
-        magic, header_size = struct.unpack("<II", self.fp.read(8))
+        if not _accept(self.fp.read(4)):
+            raise SyntaxError("not a DDS file")
+        (header_size,) = struct.unpack("<I", self.fp.read(4))
         if header_size != 124:
             raise OSError(f"Unsupported header size {repr(header_size)}")
         header_bytes = self.fp.read(header_size - 4)

docs/reference/ImageStat.rst

@@ -14,6 +14,16 @@ for a region of an image.
     statistics. You can also pass in a previously calculated histogram.
 
     :param image: A PIL image, or a precalculated histogram.
+
+        .. note::
+
+            For a PIL image, calculations rely on the
+            :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.histogram` method. The pixel counts are
+            grouped into 256 bins, even if the image has more than 8 bits per
+            channel. So ``I`` and ``F`` mode images have a maximum ``mean``,
+            ``median`` and ``rms`` of 255, and cannot have an ``extrema`` maximum
+            of more than 255.
+
     :param mask: An optional mask.
 
     .. py:attribute:: extrema

setup.py

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ def _find_library_dirs_ldconfig():
         # Assuming GLIBC's ldconfig (with option -p)
         # Alpine Linux uses musl that can't print cache
         args = ["/sbin/ldconfig", "-p"]
-        expr = fr".*\({abi_type}.*\) => (.*)"
+        expr = rf".*\({abi_type}.*\) => (.*)"
         env = dict(os.environ)
         env["LC_ALL"] = "C"
         env["LANG"] = "C"

src/PIL/BmpImagePlugin.py

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class BmpImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             file_info["height"] = (
                 i32(header_data, 4)
                 if not file_info["y_flip"]
-                else 2 ** 32 - i32(header_data, 4)
+                else 2**32 - i32(header_data, 4)
             )
             file_info["planes"] = i16(header_data, 8)
             file_info["bits"] = i16(header_data, 10)
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ def _save(im, fp, filename, bitmap_header=True):
     if bitmap_header:
         offset = 14 + header + colors * 4
         file_size = offset + image
-        if file_size > 2 ** 32 - 1:
+        if file_size > 2**32 - 1:
             raise ValueError("File size is too large for the BMP format")
         fp.write(
             b"BM"  # file type (magic)

src/PIL/DdsImagePlugin.py

@@ -111,7 +111,9 @@ class DdsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format_description = "DirectDraw Surface"
 
     def _open(self):
-        magic, header_size = struct.unpack("<II", self.fp.read(8))
+        if not _accept(self.fp.read(4)):
+            raise SyntaxError("not a DDS file")
+        (header_size,) = struct.unpack("<I", self.fp.read(4))
         if header_size != 124:
             raise OSError(f"Unsupported header size {repr(header_size)}")
         header_bytes = self.fp.read(header_size - 4)

src/PIL/FliImagePlugin.py

@@ -26,7 +26,11 @@ from ._binary import o8
 
 
 def _accept(prefix):
-    return len(prefix) >= 6 and i16(prefix, 4) in [0xAF11, 0xAF12]
+    return (
+        len(prefix) >= 6
+        and i16(prefix, 4) in [0xAF11, 0xAF12]
+        and i16(prefix, 14) in [0, 3]  # flags
+    )
 
 
 ##
@@ -44,11 +48,7 @@ class FliImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         # HEAD
         s = self.fp.read(128)
-        if not (
-            _accept(s)
-            and i16(s, 14) in [0, 3]  # flags
-            and s[20:22] == b"\x00\x00"  # reserved
-        ):
+        if not (_accept(s) and s[20:22] == b"\x00\x00"):
             raise SyntaxError("not an FLI/FLC file")
 
         # frames

src/PIL/FtexImagePlugin.py

@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ class FtexImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
     format_description = "Texture File Format (IW2:EOC)"
 
     def _open(self):
-        struct.unpack("<I", self.fp.read(4))  # magic
+        if not _accept(self.fp.read(4)):
+            raise SyntaxError("not an FTEX file")
         struct.unpack("<i", self.fp.read(4))  # version
         self._size = struct.unpack("<2i", self.fp.read(8))
         mipmap_count, format_count = struct.unpack("<2i", self.fp.read(8))

src/PIL/GbrImagePlugin.py

@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ class GbrImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
     def _open(self):
         header_size = i32(self.fp.read(4))
-        version = i32(self.fp.read(4))
         if header_size < 20:
             raise SyntaxError("not a GIMP brush")
+        version = i32(self.fp.read(4))
         if version not in (1, 2):
             raise SyntaxError(f"Unsupported GIMP brush version: {version}")
 

src/PIL/GimpPaletteFile.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class GimpPaletteFile:
                 break
 
             # skip fields and comment lines
-            if re.match(br"\w+:|#", s):
+            if re.match(rb"\w+:|#", s):
                 continue
             if len(s) > 100:
                 raise SyntaxError("bad palette file")

src/PIL/IcnsImagePlugin.py

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class IcnsFile:
         self.dct = dct = {}
         self.fobj = fobj
         sig, filesize = nextheader(fobj)
-        if sig != MAGIC:
+        if not _accept(sig):
             raise SyntaxError("not an icns file")
         i = HEADERSIZE
         while i < filesize:

src/PIL/ImImagePlugin.py

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ for i in range(2, 33):
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Read IM directory
 
-split = re.compile(br"^([A-Za-z][^:]*):[ \t]*(.*)[ \t]*$")
+split = re.compile(rb"^([A-Za-z][^:]*):[ \t]*(.*)[ \t]*$")
 
 
 def number(s):

src/PIL/Image.py

@@ -1492,11 +1492,12 @@ class Image:
 
     def histogram(self, mask=None, extrema=None):
         """
-        Returns a histogram for the image. The histogram is returned as
-        a list of pixel counts, one for each pixel value in the source
-        image. If the image has more than one band, the histograms for
-        all bands are concatenated (for example, the histogram for an
-        "RGB" image contains 768 values).
+        Returns a histogram for the image. The histogram is returned as a
+        list of pixel counts, one for each pixel value in the source
+        image. Counts are grouped into 256 bins for each band, even if
+        the image has more than 8 bits per band. If the image has more
+        than one band, the histograms for all bands are concatenated (for
+        example, the histogram for an "RGB" image contains 768 values).
 
         A bilevel image (mode "1") is treated as a greyscale ("L") image
         by this method.

src/PIL/ImageStat.py

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class Stat:
         for i in range(0, len(self.h), 256):
             sum2 = 0.0
             for j in range(256):
-                sum2 += (j ** 2) * float(self.h[i + j])
+                sum2 += (j**2) * float(self.h[i + j])
             v.append(sum2)
         return v
 

src/PIL/ImtImagePlugin.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from . import Image, ImageFile
 #
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-field = re.compile(br"([a-z]*) ([^ \r\n]*)")
+field = re.compile(rb"([a-z]*) ([^ \r\n]*)")
 
 
 ##

src/PIL/Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ def _res_to_dpi(num, denom, exp):
     calculated as (num / denom) * 10^exp and stored in dots per meter,
     to floating-point dots per inch."""
     if denom != 0:
-        return (254 * num * (10 ** exp)) / (10000 * denom)
+        return (254 * num * (10**exp)) / (10000 * denom)
 
 
 def _parse_jp2_header(fp):

src/PIL/PdfParser.py

@@ -576,42 +576,42 @@ class PdfParser:
             self.xref_table[reference.object_id] = (offset, 0)
         return reference
 
-    delimiter = br"[][()<>{}/%]"
-    delimiter_or_ws = br"[][()<>{}/%\000\011\012\014\015\040]"
-    whitespace = br"[\000\011\012\014\015\040]"
-    whitespace_or_hex = br"[\000\011\012\014\015\0400-9a-fA-F]"
+    delimiter = rb"[][()<>{}/%]"
+    delimiter_or_ws = rb"[][()<>{}/%\000\011\012\014\015\040]"
+    whitespace = rb"[\000\011\012\014\015\040]"
+    whitespace_or_hex = rb"[\000\011\012\014\015\0400-9a-fA-F]"
     whitespace_optional = whitespace + b"*"
     whitespace_mandatory = whitespace + b"+"
     # No "\012" aka "\n" or "\015" aka "\r":
-    whitespace_optional_no_nl = br"[\000\011\014\040]*"
-    newline_only = br"[\r\n]+"
+    whitespace_optional_no_nl = rb"[\000\011\014\040]*"
+    newline_only = rb"[\r\n]+"
     newline = whitespace_optional_no_nl + newline_only + whitespace_optional_no_nl
     re_trailer_end = re.compile(
         whitespace_mandatory
-        + br"trailer"
+        + rb"trailer"
         + whitespace_optional
-        + br"\<\<(.*\>\>)"
+        + rb"\<\<(.*\>\>)"
         + newline
-        + br"startxref"
+        + rb"startxref"
         + newline
-        + br"([0-9]+)"
+        + rb"([0-9]+)"
         + newline
-        + br"%%EOF"
+        + rb"%%EOF"
         + whitespace_optional
-        + br"$",
+        + rb"$",
         re.DOTALL,
     )
     re_trailer_prev = re.compile(
         whitespace_optional
-        + br"trailer"
+        + rb"trailer"
         + whitespace_optional
-        + br"\<\<(.*?\>\>)"
+        + rb"\<\<(.*?\>\>)"
         + newline
-        + br"startxref"
+        + rb"startxref"
         + newline
-        + br"([0-9]+)"
+        + rb"([0-9]+)"
         + newline
-        + br"%%EOF"
+        + rb"%%EOF"
         + whitespace_optional,
         re.DOTALL,
     )
@@ -655,12 +655,12 @@ class PdfParser:
     re_whitespace_optional = re.compile(whitespace_optional)
     re_name = re.compile(
         whitespace_optional
-        + br"/([!-$&'*-.0-;=?-Z\\^-z|~]+)(?="
+        + rb"/([!-$&'*-.0-;=?-Z\\^-z|~]+)(?="
         + delimiter_or_ws
-        + br")"
+        + rb")"
     )
-    re_dict_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"\<\<")
-    re_dict_end = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"\>\>" + whitespace_optional)
+    re_dict_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"\<\<")
+    re_dict_end = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"\>\>" + whitespace_optional)
 
     @classmethod
     def interpret_trailer(cls, trailer_data):
@@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ class PdfParser:
         )
         return trailer
 
-    re_hashes_in_name = re.compile(br"([^#]*)(#([0-9a-fA-F]{2}))?")
+    re_hashes_in_name = re.compile(rb"([^#]*)(#([0-9a-fA-F]{2}))?")
 
     @classmethod
     def interpret_name(cls, raw, as_text=False):
@@ -704,53 +704,53 @@ class PdfParser:
         else:
             return bytes(name)
 
-    re_null = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"null(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + br")")
-    re_true = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"true(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + br")")
-    re_false = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"false(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + br")")
+    re_null = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"null(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + rb")")
+    re_true = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"true(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + rb")")
+    re_false = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"false(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + rb")")
     re_int = re.compile(
-        whitespace_optional + br"([-+]?[0-9]+)(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + br")"
+        whitespace_optional + rb"([-+]?[0-9]+)(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + rb")"
     )
     re_real = re.compile(
         whitespace_optional
-        + br"([-+]?([0-9]+\.[0-9]*|[0-9]*\.[0-9]+))(?="
+        + rb"([-+]?([0-9]+\.[0-9]*|[0-9]*\.[0-9]+))(?="
         + delimiter_or_ws
-        + br")"
+        + rb")"
     )
-    re_array_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"\[")
-    re_array_end = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"]")
+    re_array_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"\[")
+    re_array_end = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"]")
     re_string_hex = re.compile(
-        whitespace_optional + br"\<(" + whitespace_or_hex + br"*)\>"
+        whitespace_optional + rb"\<(" + whitespace_or_hex + rb"*)\>"
     )
-    re_string_lit = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"\(")
+    re_string_lit = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"\(")
     re_indirect_reference = re.compile(
         whitespace_optional
-        + br"([-+]?[0-9]+)"
+        + rb"([-+]?[0-9]+)"
         + whitespace_mandatory
-        + br"([-+]?[0-9]+)"
+        + rb"([-+]?[0-9]+)"
         + whitespace_mandatory
-        + br"R(?="
+        + rb"R(?="
         + delimiter_or_ws
-        + br")"
+        + rb")"
     )
     re_indirect_def_start = re.compile(
         whitespace_optional
-        + br"([-+]?[0-9]+)"
+        + rb"([-+]?[0-9]+)"
         + whitespace_mandatory
-        + br"([-+]?[0-9]+)"
+        + rb"([-+]?[0-9]+)"
         + whitespace_mandatory
-        + br"obj(?="
+        + rb"obj(?="
         + delimiter_or_ws
-        + br")"
+        + rb")"
     )
     re_indirect_def_end = re.compile(
-        whitespace_optional + br"endobj(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + br")"
+        whitespace_optional + rb"endobj(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + rb")"
     )
     re_comment = re.compile(
-        br"(" + whitespace_optional + br"%[^\r\n]*" + newline + br")*"
+        rb"(" + whitespace_optional + rb"%[^\r\n]*" + newline + rb")*"
     )
-    re_stream_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"stream\r?\n")
+    re_stream_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"stream\r?\n")
     re_stream_end = re.compile(
-        whitespace_optional + br"endstream(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + br")"
+        whitespace_optional + rb"endstream(?=" + delimiter_or_ws + rb")"
     )
 
     @classmethod
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ class PdfParser:
         raise PdfFormatError("unrecognized object: " + repr(data[offset : offset + 32]))
 
     re_lit_str_token = re.compile(
-        br"(\\[nrtbf()\\])|(\\[0-9]{1,3})|(\\(\r\n|\r|\n))|(\r\n|\r|\n)|(\()|(\))"
+        rb"(\\[nrtbf()\\])|(\\[0-9]{1,3})|(\\(\r\n|\r|\n))|(\r\n|\r|\n)|(\()|(\))"
     )
     escaped_chars = {
         b"n": b"\n",
@@ -922,16 +922,16 @@ class PdfParser:
             offset = m.end()
         raise PdfFormatError("unfinished literal string")
 
-    re_xref_section_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + br"xref" + newline)
+    re_xref_section_start = re.compile(whitespace_optional + rb"xref" + newline)
     re_xref_subsection_start = re.compile(
         whitespace_optional
-        + br"([0-9]+)"
+        + rb"([0-9]+)"
         + whitespace_mandatory
-        + br"([0-9]+)"
+        + rb"([0-9]+)"
         + whitespace_optional
         + newline_only
     )
-    re_xref_entry = re.compile(br"([0-9]{10}) ([0-9]{5}) ([fn])( \r| \n|\r\n)")
+    re_xref_entry = re.compile(rb"([0-9]{10}) ([0-9]{5}) ([fn])( \r| \n|\r\n)")
 
     def read_xref_table(self, xref_section_offset):
         subsection_found = False

src/PIL/PngImagePlugin.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ from ._binary import o32be as o32
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-is_cid = re.compile(br"\w\w\w\w").match
+is_cid = re.compile(rb"\w\w\w\w").match
 
 
 _MAGIC = b"\211PNG\r\n\032\n"

src/PIL/PpmImagePlugin.py

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class PpmImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                 if maxval > 255:
                     if not mode == "L":
                         raise ValueError(f"Too many colors for band: {maxval}")
-                    if maxval < 2 ** 16:
+                    if maxval < 2**16:
                         self.mode = "I"
                         rawmode = "I;16B"
                     else:
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ def _save(im, fp, filename):
     elif im.mode == "L":
         rawmode, head = "L", b"P5"
     elif im.mode == "I":
-        if im.getextrema()[1] < 2 ** 16:
+        if im.getextrema()[1] < 2**16:
             rawmode, head = "I;16B", b"P5"
         else:
             rawmode, head = "I;32B", b"P5"

src/PIL/TiffImagePlugin.py

@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ class ImageFileDirectory_v2(MutableMapping):
               endianness.
         :param prefix: Override the endianness of the file.
         """
-        if ifh[:4] not in PREFIXES:
+        if not _accept(ifh):
             raise SyntaxError(f"not a TIFF file (header {repr(ifh)} not valid)")
         self._prefix = prefix if prefix is not None else ifh[:2]
         if self._prefix == MM:
@@ -577,9 +577,9 @@ class ImageFileDirectory_v2(MutableMapping):
                         else TiffTags.SIGNED_RATIONAL
                     )
                 elif all(isinstance(v, int) for v in values):
-                    if all(0 <= v < 2 ** 16 for v in values):
+                    if all(0 <= v < 2**16 for v in values):
                         self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SHORT
-                    elif all(-(2 ** 15) < v < 2 ** 15 for v in values):
+                    elif all(-(2**15) < v < 2**15 for v in values):
                         self.tagtype[tag] = TiffTags.SIGNED_SHORT
                     else:
                         self.tagtype[tag] = (
@@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ class ImageFileDirectory_v2(MutableMapping):
     @_register_writer(5)
     def write_rational(self, *values):
         return b"".join(
-            self._pack("2L", *_limit_rational(frac, 2 ** 32 - 1)) for frac in values
+            self._pack("2L", *_limit_rational(frac, 2**32 - 1)) for frac in values
         )
 
     @_register_loader(7, 1)
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ class ImageFileDirectory_v2(MutableMapping):
     @_register_writer(10)
     def write_signed_rational(self, *values):
         return b"".join(
-            self._pack("2l", *_limit_signed_rational(frac, 2 ** 31 - 1, -(2 ** 31)))
+            self._pack("2l", *_limit_signed_rational(frac, 2**31 - 1, -(2**31)))
             for frac in values
         )
 
@@ -1670,7 +1670,7 @@ def _save(im, fp, filename):
     strip_byte_counts = 1 if stride == 0 else stride * rows_per_strip
     strips_per_image = (im.size[1] + rows_per_strip - 1) // rows_per_strip
     ifd[ROWSPERSTRIP] = rows_per_strip
-    if strip_byte_counts >= 2 ** 16:
+    if strip_byte_counts >= 2**16:
         ifd.tagtype[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = TiffTags.LONG
     ifd[STRIPBYTECOUNTS] = (strip_byte_counts,) * (strips_per_image - 1) + (
         stride * im.size[1] - strip_byte_counts * (strips_per_image - 1),

src/PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile
 from ._binary import i16le as word
-from ._binary import i32le as dword
 from ._binary import si16le as short
 from ._binary import si32le as _long
 
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ class WmfStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
             if s[22:26] != b"\x01\x00\t\x00":
                 raise SyntaxError("Unsupported WMF file format")
 
-        elif dword(s) == 1 and s[40:44] == b" EMF":
+        elif s[:4] == b"\x01\x00\x00\x00" and s[40:44] == b" EMF":
             # enhanced metafile
 
             # get bounding box

src/PIL/XbmImagePlugin.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ from . import Image, ImageFile
 
 # XBM header
 xbm_head = re.compile(
-    br"\s*#define[ \t]+.*_width[ \t]+(?P<width>[0-9]+)[\r\n]+"
+    rb"\s*#define[ \t]+.*_width[ \t]+(?P<width>[0-9]+)[\r\n]+"
     b"#define[ \t]+.*_height[ \t]+(?P<height>[0-9]+)[\r\n]+"
     b"(?P<hotspot>"
     b"#define[ \t]+[^_]*_x_hot[ \t]+(?P<xhot>[0-9]+)[\r\n]+"
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ class XbmImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         m = xbm_head.match(self.fp.read(512))
 
-        if m:
+        if not m:
+            raise SyntaxError("not a XBM file")
 
         xsize = int(m.group("width"))
         ysize = int(m.group("height"))

winbuild/build_prepare.py

@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ def build_dep_all():
         if dep_name in disabled:
             continue
         script = build_dep(dep_name)
-        lines.append(fr'cmd.exe /c "{{build_dir}}\{script}"')
+        lines.append(rf'cmd.exe /c "{{build_dir}}\{script}"')
         lines.append("if errorlevel 1 echo Build failed! && exit /B 1")
     lines.append("@echo All Pillow dependencies built successfully!")
     write_script("build_dep_all.cmd", lines)