diff --git a/.ci/requirements-cibw.txt b/.ci/requirements-cibw.txt
index dd61634cd..ccd6d87ed 100644
--- a/.ci/requirements-cibw.txt
+++ b/.ci/requirements-cibw.txt
@@ -1 +1 @@
-cibuildwheel==2.16.2
+cibuildwheel==2.16.5
diff --git a/.github/workflows/docs.yml b/.github/workflows/docs.yml
index 9fe345c8a..4319cc8ff 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docs.yml
@@ -37,16 +37,26 @@ jobs:
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
         cache: pip
-        cache-dependency-path: ".ci/*.sh"
+        cache-dependency-path: |
+          ".ci/*.sh"
+          "pyproject.toml"
 
     - name: Build system information
       run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py
 
+    - name: Cache libimagequant
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
+      id: cache-libimagequant
+      with:
+        path: ~/cache-libimagequant
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-libimagequant-${{ hashFiles('depends/install_imagequant.sh') }}
+
     - name: Install Linux dependencies
       run: |
         .ci/install.sh
       env:
         GHA_PYTHON_VERSION: "3.x"
+        GHA_LIBIMAGEQUANT_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.cache-libimagequant.outputs.cache-hit }}
 
     - name: Build
       run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/macos-install.sh b/.github/workflows/macos-install.sh
index f41324c4b..28124d7f7 100755
--- a/.github/workflows/macos-install.sh
+++ b/.github/workflows/macos-install.sh
@@ -2,7 +2,16 @@
 
 set -e
 
-brew install libtiff libjpeg openjpeg libimagequant webp little-cms2 freetype libraqm
+brew install \
+    freetype \
+    ghostscript \
+    libimagequant \
+    libjpeg \
+    libraqm \
+    libtiff \
+    little-cms2 \
+    openjpeg \
+    webp
 export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openblas/lib/pkgconfig"
 
 # TODO Update condition when cffi supports 3.13
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml b/.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml
index 9c3eb0924..b5c8c39aa 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Install Cygwin
-        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v4
+        uses: egor-tensin/setup-cygwin@v4
         with:
           platform: x86_64
           packages: >
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ jobs:
             make
             netpbm
             perl
+            python39=3.9.16-1
             python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-cffi
             python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-cython
             python3${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}-devel
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Select Python version
         run: |
-          ln -sf c:/cygwin/bin/python3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }} c:/cygwin/bin/python3
+          ln -sf c:/tools/cygwin/bin/python3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }} c:/tools/cygwin/bin/python3
 
       - name: Get latest NumPy version
         id: latest-numpy
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 05f78704b..ae84a4d8f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+env:
+  FORCE_COLOR: 1
+
 jobs:
   build:
 
@@ -33,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [
-          "macos-latest",
+          "macos-14",
           "ubuntu-latest",
         ]
         python-version: [
@@ -47,11 +50,21 @@ jobs:
           "3.8",
         ]
         include:
-        - python-version: "3.9"
+        - python-version: "3.11"
           PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 1
           REVERSE: "--reverse"
-        - python-version: "3.8"
+        - python-version: "3.10"
           PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2
+        # M1 only available for 3.10+
+        - os: "macos-latest"
+          python-version: "3.9"
+        - os: "macos-latest"
+          python-version: "3.8"
+        exclude:
+        - os: "macos-14"
+          python-version: "3.9"
+        - os: "macos-14"
+          python-version: "3.8"
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
@@ -65,17 +78,28 @@ jobs:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         allow-prereleases: true
         cache: pip
-        cache-dependency-path: ".ci/*.sh"
+        cache-dependency-path: |
+          ".ci/*.sh"
+          "pyproject.toml"
 
     - name: Build system information
       run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py
 
+    - name: Cache libimagequant
+      if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
+      id: cache-libimagequant
+      with:
+        path: ~/cache-libimagequant
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-libimagequant-${{ hashFiles('depends/install_imagequant.sh') }}
+
     - name: Install Linux dependencies
       if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')
       run: |
         .ci/install.sh
       env:
         GHA_PYTHON_VERSION: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        GHA_LIBIMAGEQUANT_CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.cache-libimagequant.outputs.cache-hit }}
 
     - name: Install macOS dependencies
       if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'macOS')
@@ -127,7 +151,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Upload coverage
       uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
       with:
-        flags: ${{ matrix.os == 'macos-latest' && 'GHA_macOS' || 'GHA_Ubuntu' }}
+        flags: ${{ matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && 'GHA_Ubuntu' || 'GHA_macOS' }}
         name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         gcov: true
 
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 6adc75b49..5ce0c9a17 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ repos:
     rev: v4.5.0
     hooks:
       - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
+      - id: check-shebang-scripts-are-executable
       - id: check-merge-conflict
       - id: check-json
       - id: check-toml
diff --git a/CHANGES.rst b/CHANGES.rst
index 62ae2a68b..7d80eec03 100644
--- a/CHANGES.rst
+++ b/CHANGES.rst
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
 10.3.0 (unreleased)
 -------------------
 
+- Do not support using test-image-results to upload images after test failures #7739
+  [radarhere]
+
+- Changed ImageMath.ops to be static #7721
+  [radarhere]
+
 - Fix APNG info after seeking backwards more than twice #7701
   [esoma, radarhere]
 
diff --git a/Tests/check_fli_oob.py b/Tests/check_fli_oob.py
index ac46ff1eb..e0057a2c2 100644
--- a/Tests/check_fli_oob.py
+++ b/Tests/check_fli_oob.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from PIL import Image
diff --git a/Tests/check_j2k_overflow.py b/Tests/check_j2k_overflow.py
index 8a85783fc..dbdd5a4f5 100644
--- a/Tests/check_j2k_overflow.py
+++ b/Tests/check_j2k_overflow.py
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from pathlib import PosixPath
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image
 
 
-def test_j2k_overflow(tmp_path: PosixPath) -> None:
+def test_j2k_overflow(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGBA", (1024, 131584))
     target = str(tmp_path / "temp.jpc")
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
diff --git a/Tests/check_jp2_overflow.py b/Tests/check_jp2_overflow.py
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 5adbb84b6..954d68bf7
--- a/Tests/check_jp2_overflow.py
+++ b/Tests/check_jp2_overflow.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
 # Reproductions/tests for OOB read errors in FliDecode.c
 
 # When run in python, all of these images should fail for
diff --git a/Tests/check_large_memory.py b/Tests/check_large_memory.py
index 2c8c77800..a9ce79e57 100644
--- a/Tests/check_large_memory.py
+++ b/Tests/check_large_memory.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
-from pathlib import PosixPath
+from pathlib import Path
 from types import ModuleType
 
 import pytest
@@ -31,18 +31,18 @@ XDIM = 48000
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize <= 2**32, reason="requires 64-bit system")
 
 
-def _write_png(tmp_path: PosixPath, xdim: int, ydim: int) -> None:
+def _write_png(tmp_path: Path, xdim: int, ydim: int) -> None:
     f = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
     im = Image.new("L", (xdim, ydim), 0)
     im.save(f)
 
 
-def test_large(tmp_path: PosixPath) -> None:
+def test_large(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """succeeded prepatch"""
     _write_png(tmp_path, XDIM, YDIM)
 
 
-def test_2gpx(tmp_path: PosixPath) -> None:
+def test_2gpx(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """failed prepatch"""
     _write_png(tmp_path, XDIM, XDIM)
 
diff --git a/Tests/check_large_memory_numpy.py b/Tests/check_large_memory_numpy.py
index 8609fe6d0..f4ca8d0aa 100644
--- a/Tests/check_large_memory_numpy.py
+++ b/Tests/check_large_memory_numpy.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
-from pathlib import PosixPath
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ XDIM = 48000
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.maxsize <= 2**32, reason="requires 64-bit system")
 
 
-def _write_png(tmp_path: PosixPath, xdim: int, ydim: int) -> None:
+def _write_png(tmp_path: Path, xdim: int, ydim: int) -> None:
     dtype = np.uint8
     a = np.zeros((xdim, ydim), dtype=dtype)
     f = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ def _write_png(tmp_path: PosixPath, xdim: int, ydim: int) -> None:
     im.save(f)
 
 
-def test_large(tmp_path: PosixPath) -> None:
+def test_large(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """succeeded prepatch"""
     _write_png(tmp_path, XDIM, YDIM)
 
 
-def test_2gpx(tmp_path: PosixPath) -> None:
+def test_2gpx(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """failed prepatch"""
     _write_png(tmp_path, XDIM, XDIM)
diff --git a/Tests/helper.py b/Tests/helper.py
index 99170c765..b2e7d43dd 100644
--- a/Tests/helper.py
+++ b/Tests/helper.py
@@ -25,13 +25,6 @@ if os.environ.get("SHOW_ERRORS"):
     uploader = "show"
 elif "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ:
     uploader = "github_actions"
-else:
-    try:
-        import test_image_results
-
-        uploader = "aws"
-    except ImportError:
-        pass
 
 
 def upload(a: Image.Image, b: Image.Image) -> str | None:
@@ -46,8 +39,6 @@ def upload(a: Image.Image, b: Image.Image) -> str | None:
         a.save(os.path.join(tmpdir, "a.png"))
         b.save(os.path.join(tmpdir, "b.png"))
         return tmpdir
-    elif uploader == "aws":
-        return test_image_results.upload(a, b)
     return None
 
 
diff --git a/Tests/images/create_eps.gnuplot b/Tests/images/create_eps.gnuplot
index 4d7e29877..57a3c8c97 100644
--- a/Tests/images/create_eps.gnuplot
+++ b/Tests/images/create_eps.gnuplot
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/gnuplot
-
 #This is the script that was used to create our sample EPS files
 #We used the following version of the gnuplot program
 #G N U P L O T
diff --git a/Tests/oss-fuzz/fuzz_pillow.py b/Tests/oss-fuzz/fuzz_pillow.py
index e6e99d415..9137391b6 100644
--- a/Tests/oss-fuzz/fuzz_pillow.py
+++ b/Tests/oss-fuzz/fuzz_pillow.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python3
-
 # Copyright 2020 Google LLC
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
diff --git a/Tests/test_000_sanity.py b/Tests/test_000_sanity.py
index f64216bca..c3926250f 100644
--- a/Tests/test_000_sanity.py
+++ b/Tests/test_000_sanity.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from PIL import Image
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     # Make sure we have the binary extension
     Image.core.new("L", (100, 100))
 
diff --git a/Tests/test_binary.py b/Tests/test_binary.py
index 41fb93fcf..d19799a09 100644
--- a/Tests/test_binary.py
+++ b/Tests/test_binary.py
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from PIL import _binary
 
 
-def test_standard():
+def test_standard() -> None:
     assert _binary.i8(b"*") == 42
     assert _binary.o8(42) == b"*"
 
 
-def test_little_endian():
+def test_little_endian() -> None:
     assert _binary.i16le(b"\xff\xff\x00\x00") == 65535
     assert _binary.i32le(b"\xff\xff\x00\x00") == 65535
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def test_little_endian():
     assert _binary.o32le(65535) == b"\xff\xff\x00\x00"
 
 
-def test_big_endian():
+def test_big_endian() -> None:
     assert _binary.i16be(b"\x00\x00\xff\xff") == 0
     assert _binary.i32be(b"\x00\x00\xff\xff") == 65535
 
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_cur.py b/Tests/test_file_cur.py
index 27b2bc914..dbf1b866d 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_cur.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_cur.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from PIL import CurImagePlugin, Image
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/deerstalker.cur"
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
         assert im.size == (32, 32)
         assert isinstance(im, CurImagePlugin.CurImageFile)
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def test_sanity():
         assert im.getpixel((16, 16)) == (84, 87, 86, 255)
 
 
-def test_invalid_file():
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
     invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
 
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_ftex.py b/Tests/test_file_ftex.py
index 0f9154e3d..0c544245a 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_ftex.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_ftex.py
@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@ from PIL import FtexImagePlugin, Image
 from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile, assert_image_similar
 
 
-def test_load_raw():
+def test_load_raw() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/ftex_uncompressed.ftu") as im:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/ftex_uncompressed.png")
 
 
-def test_load_dxt1():
+def test_load_dxt1() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/ftex_dxt1.ftc") as im:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/ftex_dxt1.png") as target:
             assert_image_similar(im, target.convert("RGBA"), 15)
 
 
-def test_invalid_file():
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
     invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
 
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_gbr.py b/Tests/test_file_gbr.py
index d84004e14..be98b08f2 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_gbr.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_gbr.py
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ from PIL import GbrImagePlugin, Image
 from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile
 
 
-def test_gbr_file():
+def test_gbr_file() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/gbr.gbr") as im:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/gbr.png")
 
 
-def test_load():
+def test_load() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/gbr.gbr") as im:
         assert im.load()[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ def test_load():
         assert im.load()[0, 0] == (0, 0, 0, 0)
 
 
-def test_multiple_load_operations():
+def test_multiple_load_operations() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/gbr.gbr") as im:
         im.load()
         im.load()
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/gbr.png")
 
 
-def test_invalid_file():
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
     invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
 
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_gd.py b/Tests/test_file_gd.py
index e7db54fb4..d512df284 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_gd.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_gd.py
@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@ from PIL import GdImageFile, UnidentifiedImageError
 TEST_GD_FILE = "Tests/images/hopper.gd"
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     with GdImageFile.open(TEST_GD_FILE) as im:
         assert im.size == (128, 128)
         assert im.format == "GD"
 
 
-def test_bad_mode():
+def test_bad_mode() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         GdImageFile.open(TEST_GD_FILE, "bad mode")
 
 
-def test_invalid_file():
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
     invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
 
     with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_gimppalette.py b/Tests/test_file_gimppalette.py
index 28855c28a..e8d5f1705 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_gimppalette.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_gimppalette.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import pytest
 from PIL.GimpPaletteFile import GimpPaletteFile
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     with open("Tests/images/test.gpl", "rb") as fp:
         GimpPaletteFile(fp)
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def test_sanity():
             GimpPaletteFile(fp)
 
 
-def test_get_palette():
+def test_get_palette() -> None:
     # Arrange
     with open("Tests/images/custom_gimp_palette.gpl", "rb") as fp:
         palette_file = GimpPaletteFile(fp)
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_imt.py b/Tests/test_file_imt.py
index aa13d4407..6957dfa0a 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_imt.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_imt.py
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ from PIL import Image, ImtImagePlugin
 from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/bw_gradient.imt") as im:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/bw_gradient.png")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("data", (b"\n", b"\n-", b"width 1\n"))
-def test_invalid_file(data):
+def test_invalid_file(data: bytes) -> None:
     with io.BytesIO(data) as fp:
         with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
             ImtImagePlugin.ImtImageFile(fp)
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_mcidas.py b/Tests/test_file_mcidas.py
index 73eba5cc8..2c94fdc39 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_mcidas.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_mcidas.py
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ from PIL import Image, McIdasImagePlugin
 from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile
 
 
-def test_invalid_file():
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
     invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
 
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
         McIdasImagePlugin.McIdasImageFile(invalid_file)
 
 
-def test_valid_file():
+def test_valid_file() -> None:
     # Arrange
     # https://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/hydro/details/cmx3g8
     # https://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/pub/fieldCampaigns/camex3/cmx3g8/browse/
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_pcd.py b/Tests/test_file_pcd.py
index 1a37c6ab3..81a316fc1 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_pcd.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_pcd.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from PIL import Image
 
 
-def test_load_raw():
+def test_load_raw() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.pcd") as im:
         im.load()  # should not segfault.
 
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_pixar.py b/Tests/test_file_pixar.py
index c6ddc54e7..8f208cfbf 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_pixar.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_pixar.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from .helper import assert_image_similar, hopper
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/hopper.pxr"
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
         im.load()
         assert im.mode == "RGB"
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def test_sanity():
         assert_image_similar(im, im2, 4.8)
 
 
-def test_invalid_file():
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
     invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
 
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_qoi.py b/Tests/test_file_qoi.py
index 6dc468754..fd4b981ce 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_qoi.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_qoi.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from PIL import Image, QoiImagePlugin
 from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.qoi") as im:
         assert im.mode == "RGB"
         assert im.size == (128, 128)
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def test_sanity():
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/pil123rgba.png")
 
 
-def test_invalid_file():
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
     invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
 
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_wal.py b/Tests/test_file_wal.py
index 7acec9759..b34975e83 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_wal.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_wal.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from .helper import assert_image_equal_tofile
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/hopper.wal"
 
 
-def test_open():
+def test_open() -> None:
     with WalImageFile.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
         assert im.format == "WAL"
         assert im.format_description == "Quake2 Texture"
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def test_open():
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/hopper_wal.png")
 
 
-def test_load():
+def test_load() -> None:
     with WalImageFile.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
         assert im.load()[0, 0] == 122
 
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_webp_lossless.py b/Tests/test_file_webp_lossless.py
index 08c80973a..32e29de56 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_webp_lossless.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_webp_lossless.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image
@@ -10,7 +12,7 @@ _webp = pytest.importorskip("PIL._webp", reason="WebP support not installed")
 RGB_MODE = "RGB"
 
 
-def test_write_lossless_rgb(tmp_path):
+def test_write_lossless_rgb(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     if _webp.WebPDecoderVersion() < 0x0200:
         pytest.skip("lossless not included")
 
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_xpm.py b/Tests/test_file_xpm.py
index 529a45580..26afe93f4 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_xpm.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_xpm.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from .helper import assert_image_similar, hopper
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/hopper.xpm"
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
         im.load()
         assert im.mode == "P"
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ def test_sanity():
         assert_image_similar(im.convert("RGB"), hopper("RGB"), 60)
 
 
-def test_invalid_file():
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
     invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
 
     with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
         XpmImagePlugin.XpmImageFile(invalid_file)
 
 
-def test_load_read():
+def test_load_read() -> None:
     # Arrange
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
         dummy_bytes = 1
diff --git a/Tests/test_file_xvthumb.py b/Tests/test_file_xvthumb.py
index b87494eba..6b8115930 100644
--- a/Tests/test_file_xvthumb.py
+++ b/Tests/test_file_xvthumb.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from .helper import assert_image_similar, hopper
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/hopper.p7"
 
 
-def test_open():
+def test_open() -> None:
     # Act
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
         # Assert
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def test_open():
         assert_image_similar(im, im_hopper, 9)
 
 
-def test_unexpected_eof():
+def test_unexpected_eof() -> None:
     # Test unexpected EOF reading XV thumbnail file
     # Arrange
     bad_file = "Tests/images/hopper_bad.p7"
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def test_unexpected_eof():
         XVThumbImagePlugin.XVThumbImageFile(bad_file)
 
 
-def test_invalid_file():
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
     # Arrange
     invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
 
diff --git a/Tests/test_font_bdf.py b/Tests/test_font_bdf.py
index e5e856186..136070f9e 100644
--- a/Tests/test_font_bdf.py
+++ b/Tests/test_font_bdf.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from PIL import BdfFontFile, FontFile
 filename = "Tests/images/courB08.bdf"
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     with open(filename, "rb") as test_file:
         font = BdfFontFile.BdfFontFile(test_file)
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def test_sanity():
     assert len([_f for _f in font.glyph if _f]) == 190
 
 
-def test_invalid_file():
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
     with open("Tests/images/flower.jpg", "rb") as fp:
         with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
             BdfFontFile.BdfFontFile(fp)
diff --git a/Tests/test_font_crash.py b/Tests/test_font_crash.py
index e3c72c1ae..b82340ef7 100644
--- a/Tests/test_font_crash.py
+++ b/Tests/test_font_crash.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from .helper import skip_unless_feature
 
 
 class TestFontCrash:
-    def _fuzz_font(self, font):
+    def _fuzz_font(self, font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
         # from fuzzers.fuzz_font
         font.getbbox("ABC")
         font.getmask("test text")
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class TestFontCrash:
             draw.text((10, 10), "Test Text", font=font, fill="#000")
 
     @skip_unless_feature("freetype2")
-    def test_segfault(self):
+    def test_segfault(self) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(OSError):
             font = ImageFont.truetype("Tests/fonts/fuzz_font-5203009437302784")
             self._fuzz_font(font)
diff --git a/Tests/test_font_leaks.py b/Tests/test_font_leaks.py
index 4e29a856b..241f455b8 100644
--- a/Tests/test_font_leaks.py
+++ b/Tests/test_font_leaks.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class TestTTypeFontLeak(PillowLeakTestCase):
     iterations = 10
     mem_limit = 4096  # k
 
-    def _test_font(self, font):
+    def _test_font(self, font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
         im = Image.new("RGB", (255, 255), "white")
         draw = ImageDraw.ImageDraw(im)
         self._test_leak(
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class TestTTypeFontLeak(PillowLeakTestCase):
         )
 
     @skip_unless_feature("freetype2")
-    def test_leak(self):
+    def test_leak(self) -> None:
         ttype = ImageFont.truetype("Tests/fonts/FreeMono.ttf", 20)
         self._test_font(ttype)
 
@@ -30,6 +30,6 @@ class TestDefaultFontLeak(TestTTypeFontLeak):
     iterations = 100
     mem_limit = 1024  # k
 
-    def test_leak(self):
+    def test_leak(self) -> None:
         default_font = ImageFont.load_default()
         self._test_font(default_font)
diff --git a/Tests/test_font_pcf.py b/Tests/test_font_pcf.py
index e6abede07..997809e46 100644
--- a/Tests/test_font_pcf.py
+++ b/Tests/test_font_pcf.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ message = "hello, world"
 pytestmark = skip_unless_feature("zlib")
 
 
-def save_font(request, tmp_path):
+def save_font(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, tmp_path: Path) -> str:
     with open(fontname, "rb") as test_file:
         font = PcfFontFile.PcfFontFile(test_file)
     assert isinstance(font, FontFile.FontFile)
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ def save_font(request, tmp_path):
 
     tempname = str(tmp_path / "temp.pil")
 
-    def delete_tempfile():
+    def delete_tempfile() -> None:
         try:
             os.remove(tempname[:-4] + ".pbm")
         except OSError:
@@ -47,11 +48,11 @@ def save_font(request, tmp_path):
     return tempname
 
 
-def test_sanity(request, tmp_path):
+def test_sanity(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     save_font(request, tmp_path)
 
 
-def test_less_than_256_characters():
+def test_less_than_256_characters() -> None:
     with open("Tests/fonts/10x20-ISO8859-1-fewer-characters.pcf", "rb") as test_file:
         font = PcfFontFile.PcfFontFile(test_file)
     assert isinstance(font, FontFile.FontFile)
@@ -59,13 +60,13 @@ def test_less_than_256_characters():
     assert len([_f for _f in font.glyph if _f]) == 127
 
 
-def test_invalid_file():
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
     with open("Tests/images/flower.jpg", "rb") as fp:
         with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
             PcfFontFile.PcfFontFile(fp)
 
 
-def test_draw(request, tmp_path):
+def test_draw(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     tempname = save_font(request, tmp_path)
     font = ImageFont.load(tempname)
     im = Image.new("L", (130, 30), "white")
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ def test_draw(request, tmp_path):
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/test_draw_pbm_target.png", 0)
 
 
-def test_textsize(request, tmp_path):
+def test_textsize(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     tempname = save_font(request, tmp_path)
     font = ImageFont.load(tempname)
     for i in range(255):
@@ -90,7 +91,9 @@ def test_textsize(request, tmp_path):
         assert font.getbbox(msg) == (0, 0, len(msg) * 10, 20)
 
 
-def _test_high_characters(request, tmp_path, message):
+def _test_high_characters(
+    request: pytest.FixtureRequest, tmp_path: Path, message: str | bytes
+) -> None:
     tempname = save_font(request, tmp_path)
     font = ImageFont.load(tempname)
     im = Image.new("L", (750, 30), "white")
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@ def _test_high_characters(request, tmp_path, message):
     assert_image_similar_tofile(im, "Tests/images/high_ascii_chars.png", 0)
 
 
-def test_high_characters(request, tmp_path):
+def test_high_characters(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     message = "".join(chr(i + 1) for i in range(140, 232))
     _test_high_characters(request, tmp_path, message)
     # accept bytes instances.
diff --git a/Tests/test_font_pcf_charsets.py b/Tests/test_font_pcf_charsets.py
index 4c2d7185e..895458d9d 100644
--- a/Tests/test_font_pcf_charsets.py
+++ b/Tests/test_font_pcf_charsets.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TypedDict
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -14,7 +16,14 @@ from .helper import (
 
 fontname = "Tests/fonts/ter-x20b.pcf"
 
-charsets = {
+
+class Charset(TypedDict):
+    glyph_count: int
+    message: str
+    image1: str
+
+
+charsets: dict[str, Charset] = {
     "iso8859-1": {
         "glyph_count": 223,
         "message": "hello, world",
@@ -36,7 +45,7 @@ charsets = {
 pytestmark = skip_unless_feature("zlib")
 
 
-def save_font(request, tmp_path, encoding):
+def save_font(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, tmp_path: Path, encoding: str) -> str:
     with open(fontname, "rb") as test_file:
         font = PcfFontFile.PcfFontFile(test_file, encoding)
     assert isinstance(font, FontFile.FontFile)
@@ -45,7 +54,7 @@ def save_font(request, tmp_path, encoding):
 
     tempname = str(tmp_path / "temp.pil")
 
-    def delete_tempfile():
+    def delete_tempfile() -> None:
         try:
             os.remove(tempname[:-4] + ".pbm")
         except OSError:
@@ -64,12 +73,12 @@ def save_font(request, tmp_path, encoding):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("encoding", ("iso8859-1", "iso8859-2", "cp1250"))
-def test_sanity(request, tmp_path, encoding):
+def test_sanity(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, tmp_path: Path, encoding: str) -> None:
     save_font(request, tmp_path, encoding)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("encoding", ("iso8859-1", "iso8859-2", "cp1250"))
-def test_draw(request, tmp_path, encoding):
+def test_draw(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, tmp_path: Path, encoding: str) -> None:
     tempname = save_font(request, tmp_path, encoding)
     font = ImageFont.load(tempname)
     im = Image.new("L", (150, 30), "white")
@@ -80,7 +89,9 @@ def test_draw(request, tmp_path, encoding):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("encoding", ("iso8859-1", "iso8859-2", "cp1250"))
-def test_textsize(request, tmp_path, encoding):
+def test_textsize(
+    request: pytest.FixtureRequest, tmp_path: Path, encoding: str
+) -> None:
     tempname = save_font(request, tmp_path, encoding)
     font = ImageFont.load(tempname)
     for i in range(255):
diff --git a/Tests/test_fontfile.py b/Tests/test_fontfile.py
index eda8fb812..206499a04 100644
--- a/Tests/test_fontfile.py
+++ b/Tests/test_fontfile.py
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import FontFile
 
 
-def test_save(tmp_path):
+def test_save(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     tempname = str(tmp_path / "temp.pil")
 
     font = FontFile.FontFile()
diff --git a/Tests/test_format_lab.py b/Tests/test_format_lab.py
index a55620e09..4fcc37e88 100644
--- a/Tests/test_format_lab.py
+++ b/Tests/test_format_lab.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from PIL import Image
 
 
-def test_white():
+def test_white() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/lab.tif") as i:
         i.load()
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def test_white():
     assert list(b) == [128] * 100
 
 
-def test_green():
+def test_green() -> None:
     # l= 50 (/100), a = -100 (-128 .. 128) b=0 in PS
     # == RGB: 0, 152, 117
     with Image.open("Tests/images/lab-green.tif") as i:
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def test_green():
     assert k == (128, 28, 128)
 
 
-def test_red():
+def test_red() -> None:
     # l= 50 (/100), a = 100 (-128 .. 128) b=0 in PS
     # == RGB: 255, 0, 124
     with Image.open("Tests/images/lab-red.tif") as i:
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_convert.py b/Tests/test_image_convert.py
index d4ddc2a31..f154de123 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_convert.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_convert.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image
@@ -7,8 +9,8 @@ from PIL import Image
 from .helper import assert_image, assert_image_equal, assert_image_similar, hopper
 
 
-def test_sanity():
-    def convert(im, mode):
+def test_sanity() -> None:
+    def convert(im: Image.Image, mode: str) -> None:
         out = im.convert(mode)
         assert out.mode == mode
         assert out.size == im.size
@@ -40,13 +42,13 @@ def test_sanity():
             convert(im, output_mode)
 
 
-def test_unsupported_conversion():
+def test_unsupported_conversion() -> None:
     im = hopper()
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         im.convert("INVALID")
 
 
-def test_default():
+def test_default() -> None:
     im = hopper("P")
     assert im.mode == "P"
     converted_im = im.convert()
@@ -62,18 +64,18 @@ def test_default():
 # ref https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/274
 
 
-def _test_float_conversion(im):
+def _test_float_conversion(im: Image.Image) -> None:
     orig = im.getpixel((5, 5))
     converted = im.convert("F").getpixel((5, 5))
     assert orig == converted
 
 
-def test_8bit():
+def test_8bit() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.jpg") as im:
         _test_float_conversion(im.convert("L"))
 
 
-def test_16bit():
+def test_16bit() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/16bit.cropped.tif") as im:
         _test_float_conversion(im)
 
@@ -83,19 +85,19 @@ def test_16bit():
         assert im_i16.getpixel((0, 0)) == 65535
 
 
-def test_16bit_workaround():
+def test_16bit_workaround() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/16bit.cropped.tif") as im:
         _test_float_conversion(im.convert("I"))
 
 
-def test_opaque():
+def test_opaque() -> None:
     alpha = hopper("P").convert("PA").getchannel("A")
 
     solid = Image.new("L", (128, 128), 255)
     assert_image_equal(alpha, solid)
 
 
-def test_rgba_p():
+def test_rgba_p() -> None:
     im = hopper("RGBA")
     im.putalpha(hopper("L"))
 
@@ -105,14 +107,14 @@ def test_rgba_p():
     assert_image_similar(im, comparable, 20)
 
 
-def test_rgba():
+def test_rgba() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/transparent.png") as im:
         assert im.mode == "RGBA"
 
         assert_image_similar(im.convert("RGBa").convert("RGB"), im.convert("RGB"), 1.5)
 
 
-def test_trns_p(tmp_path):
+def test_trns_p(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im = hopper("P")
     im.info["transparency"] = 0
 
@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ def test_trns_p(tmp_path):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("LA", "PA", "RGBA"))
-def test_trns_p_transparency(mode):
+def test_trns_p_transparency(mode: str) -> None:
     # Arrange
     im = hopper("P")
     im.info["transparency"] = 128
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ def test_trns_p_transparency(mode):
         assert converted_im.palette is None
 
 
-def test_trns_l(tmp_path):
+def test_trns_l(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im = hopper("L")
     im.info["transparency"] = 128
 
@@ -171,7 +173,7 @@ def test_trns_l(tmp_path):
     im_p.save(f)
 
 
-def test_trns_RGB(tmp_path):
+def test_trns_RGB(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im = hopper("RGB")
     im.info["transparency"] = im.getpixel((0, 0))
 
@@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ def test_trns_RGB(tmp_path):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("convert_mode", ("L", "LA", "I"))
-def test_l_macro_rounding(convert_mode):
+def test_l_macro_rounding(convert_mode: str) -> None:
     for mode in ("P", "PA"):
         im = Image.new(mode, (1, 1))
         im.palette.getcolor((0, 1, 2))
@@ -214,7 +216,7 @@ def test_l_macro_rounding(convert_mode):
         assert converted_color == 1
 
 
-def test_gif_with_rgba_palette_to_p():
+def test_gif_with_rgba_palette_to_p() -> None:
     # See https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/2433
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.gif") as im:
         im.info["transparency"] = 255
@@ -226,7 +228,7 @@ def test_gif_with_rgba_palette_to_p():
     im_p.load()
 
 
-def test_p_la():
+def test_p_la() -> None:
     im = hopper("RGBA")
     alpha = hopper("L")
     im.putalpha(alpha)
@@ -236,7 +238,7 @@ def test_p_la():
     assert_image_similar(alpha, comparable, 5)
 
 
-def test_p2pa_alpha():
+def test_p2pa_alpha() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/tiny.png") as im:
         assert im.mode == "P"
 
@@ -250,13 +252,13 @@ def test_p2pa_alpha():
             assert im_a.getpixel((x, y)) == alpha
 
 
-def test_p2pa_palette():
+def test_p2pa_palette() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/tiny.png") as im:
         im_pa = im.convert("PA")
     assert im_pa.getpalette() == im.getpalette()
 
 
-def test_matrix_illegal_conversion():
+def test_matrix_illegal_conversion() -> None:
     # Arrange
     im = hopper("CMYK")
     # fmt: off
@@ -272,7 +274,7 @@ def test_matrix_illegal_conversion():
         im.convert(mode="CMYK", matrix=matrix)
 
 
-def test_matrix_wrong_mode():
+def test_matrix_wrong_mode() -> None:
     # Arrange
     im = hopper("L")
     # fmt: off
@@ -289,7 +291,7 @@ def test_matrix_wrong_mode():
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("RGB", "L"))
-def test_matrix_xyz(mode):
+def test_matrix_xyz(mode: str) -> None:
     # Arrange
     im = hopper("RGB")
     im.info["transparency"] = (255, 0, 0)
@@ -317,7 +319,7 @@ def test_matrix_xyz(mode):
             assert converted_im.info["transparency"] == 105
 
 
-def test_matrix_identity():
+def test_matrix_identity() -> None:
     # Arrange
     im = hopper("RGB")
     # fmt: off
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_copy.py b/Tests/test_image_copy.py
index 3a26ef96e..027e5338b 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_copy.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_copy.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from .helper import hopper, skip_unless_feature
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "P", "L", "RGB", "I", "F"))
-def test_copy(mode):
+def test_copy(mode: str) -> None:
     cropped_coordinates = (10, 10, 20, 20)
     cropped_size = (10, 10)
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def test_copy(mode):
     assert out.size == cropped_size
 
 
-def test_copy_zero():
+def test_copy_zero() -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGB", (0, 0))
     out = im.copy()
     assert out.mode == im.mode
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def test_copy_zero():
 
 
 @skip_unless_feature("libtiff")
-def test_deepcopy():
+def test_deepcopy() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/g4_orientation_5.tif") as im:
         out = copy.deepcopy(im)
     assert out.size == (590, 88)
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_crop.py b/Tests/test_image_crop.py
index 5e02a3b0d..d095364ba 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_crop.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_crop.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("1", "P", "L", "RGB", "I", "F"))
-def test_crop(mode):
+def test_crop(mode: str) -> None:
     im = hopper(mode)
     assert_image_equal(im.crop(), im)
 
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ def test_crop(mode):
     assert cropped.size == (50, 50)
 
 
-def test_wide_crop():
-    def crop(*bbox):
+def test_wide_crop() -> None:
+    def crop(*bbox: int) -> tuple[int, ...]:
         i = im.crop(bbox)
         h = i.histogram()
         while h and not h[-1]:
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ def test_wide_crop():
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("box", ((8, 2, 2, 8), (2, 8, 8, 2), (8, 8, 2, 2)))
-def test_negative_crop(box):
+def test_negative_crop(box: tuple[int, int, int, int]) -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGB", (10, 10))
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         im.crop(box)
 
 
-def test_crop_float():
+def test_crop_float() -> None:
     # Check cropping floats are rounded to nearest integer
     # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1744
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def test_crop_float():
     assert cropped.size == (3, 5)
 
 
-def test_crop_crash():
+def test_crop_crash() -> None:
     # Image.crop crashes prepatch with an access violation
     # apparently a use after free on Windows, see
     # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/1077
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def test_crop_crash():
     img.load()
 
 
-def test_crop_zero():
+def test_crop_zero() -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGB", (0, 0), "white")
 
     cropped = im.crop((0, 0, 0, 0))
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_frombytes.py b/Tests/test_image_frombytes.py
index 5d5e9f2df..6474daba1 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_frombytes.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_frombytes.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("data_type", ("bytes", "memoryview"))
-def test_sanity(data_type):
+def test_sanity(data_type) -> None:
     im1 = hopper()
 
     data = im1.tobytes()
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_fromqimage.py b/Tests/test_image_fromqimage.py
index 76b576da5..ea31a9de9 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_fromqimage.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_fromqimage.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import warnings
+from typing import Generator
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def test_images():
+def test_images() -> Generator[Image.Image, None, None]:
     ims = [
         hopper(),
         Image.open("Tests/images/transparent.png"),
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ def test_images():
             im.close()
 
 
-def roundtrip(expected):
+def roundtrip(expected: Image.Image) -> None:
     # PIL -> Qt
     intermediate = expected.toqimage()
     # Qt -> PIL
@@ -43,26 +44,26 @@ def roundtrip(expected):
         assert_image_equal(result, expected.convert("RGB"))
 
 
-def test_sanity_1(test_images):
+def test_sanity_1(test_images: Generator[Image.Image, None, None]) -> None:
     for im in test_images:
         roundtrip(im.convert("1"))
 
 
-def test_sanity_rgb(test_images):
+def test_sanity_rgb(test_images: Generator[Image.Image, None, None]) -> None:
     for im in test_images:
         roundtrip(im.convert("RGB"))
 
 
-def test_sanity_rgba(test_images):
+def test_sanity_rgba(test_images: Generator[Image.Image, None, None]) -> None:
     for im in test_images:
         roundtrip(im.convert("RGBA"))
 
 
-def test_sanity_l(test_images):
+def test_sanity_l(test_images: Generator[Image.Image, None, None]) -> None:
     for im in test_images:
         roundtrip(im.convert("L"))
 
 
-def test_sanity_p(test_images):
+def test_sanity_p(test_images: Generator[Image.Image, None, None]) -> None:
     for im in test_images:
         roundtrip(im.convert("P"))
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_getbands.py b/Tests/test_image_getbands.py
index 64339e2cd..887553fc0 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_getbands.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_getbands.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from PIL import Image
 
 
-def test_getbands():
+def test_getbands() -> None:
     assert Image.new("1", (1, 1)).getbands() == ("1",)
     assert Image.new("L", (1, 1)).getbands() == ("L",)
     assert Image.new("I", (1, 1)).getbands() == ("I",)
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_getbbox.py b/Tests/test_image_getbbox.py
index b18a7202e..18c6f6579 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_getbbox.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_getbbox.py
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ from PIL import Image
 from .helper import hopper
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     bbox = hopper().getbbox()
     assert isinstance(bbox, tuple)
 
 
-def test_bbox():
-    def check(im, fill_color):
+def test_bbox() -> None:
+    def check(im: Image.Image, fill_color: int | tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
         assert im.getbbox() is None
 
         im.paste(fill_color, (10, 25, 90, 75))
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ def test_bbox():
     check(im, 255)
 
     for mode in ("RGBA", "RGBa"):
-        for color in ((0, 0, 0, 0), (127, 127, 127, 0), (255, 255, 255, 0)):
-            im = Image.new(mode, (100, 100), color)
+        for rgba_color in ((0, 0, 0, 0), (127, 127, 127, 0), (255, 255, 255, 0)):
+            im = Image.new(mode, (100, 100), rgba_color)
             check(im, (255, 255, 255, 255))
 
     for mode in ("La", "LA", "PA"):
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def test_bbox():
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("RGBA", "RGBa", "La", "LA", "PA"))
-def test_bbox_alpha_only_false(mode):
+def test_bbox_alpha_only_false(mode: str) -> None:
     im = Image.new(mode, (100, 100))
     assert im.getbbox(alpha_only=False) is None
 
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_getcolors.py b/Tests/test_image_getcolors.py
index 17460fa93..8f8870f4f 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_getcolors.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_getcolors.py
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from .helper import hopper
 
 
-def test_getcolors():
-    def getcolors(mode, limit=None):
+def test_getcolors() -> None:
+    def getcolors(mode: str, limit: int | None = None) -> int | None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         if limit:
             colors = im.getcolors(limit)
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def test_getcolors():
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-def test_pack():
+def test_pack() -> None:
     # Pack problems for small tables (@PIL209)
 
     im = hopper().quantize(3).convert("RGB")
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_getdata.py b/Tests/test_image_getdata.py
index ace64279b..ac27400be 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_getdata.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_getdata.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from PIL import Image
 from .helper import hopper
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     data = hopper().getdata()
 
     len(data)
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ def test_sanity():
     assert data[0] == (20, 20, 70)
 
 
-def test_roundtrip():
-    def getdata(mode):
+def test_roundtrip() -> None:
+    def getdata(mode: str) -> tuple[float | tuple[int, ...], int, int]:
         im = hopper(mode).resize((32, 30), Image.Resampling.NEAREST)
         data = im.getdata()
         return data[0], len(data), len(list(data))
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_getim.py b/Tests/test_image_getim.py
index bc8a7485e..9afa02b0a 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_getim.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_getim.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from .helper import hopper
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     im = hopper()
     type_repr = repr(type(im.getim()))
 
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_getprojection.py b/Tests/test_image_getprojection.py
index e90f5f505..2b5a758ed 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_getprojection.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_getprojection.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from PIL import Image
 from .helper import hopper
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     im = hopper()
 
     projection = im.getprojection()
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_histogram.py b/Tests/test_image_histogram.py
index 3ac6649e0..dbd55d4c2 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_histogram.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_histogram.py
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from .helper import hopper
 
 
-def test_histogram():
-    def histogram(mode):
+def test_histogram() -> None:
+    def histogram(mode: str) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
         h = hopper(mode).histogram()
         return len(h), min(h), max(h)
 
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_point.py b/Tests/test_image_point.py
index 2232b9442..05f209351 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_point.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_point.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import pytest
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     im = hopper()
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def test_sanity():
         im.point(lambda x: x // 2)
 
 
-def test_16bit_lut():
+def test_16bit_lut() -> None:
     """Tests for 16 bit -> 8 bit lut for converting I->L images
     see https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/440
     """
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def test_16bit_lut():
     im.point(list(range(256)) * 256, "L")
 
 
-def test_f_lut():
+def test_f_lut() -> None:
     """Tests for floating point lut of 8bit gray image"""
     im = hopper("L")
     lut = [0.5 * float(x) for x in range(256)]
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def test_f_lut():
     assert_image_equal(out.convert("L"), im.point(int_lut, "L"))
 
 
-def test_f_mode():
+def test_f_mode() -> None:
     im = hopper("F")
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         im.point(None)
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_putalpha.py b/Tests/test_image_putalpha.py
index c44b048d5..2c92911d1 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_putalpha.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_putalpha.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from PIL import Image
 
 
-def test_interface():
+def test_interface() -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGBA", (1, 1), (1, 2, 3, 0))
     assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (1, 2, 3, 0)
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def test_interface():
     assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (1, 2, 3, 5)
 
 
-def test_promote():
+def test_promote() -> None:
     im = Image.new("L", (1, 1), 1)
     assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 1
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def test_promote():
     assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (1, 2, 3, 4)
 
 
-def test_readonly():
+def test_readonly() -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1), (1, 2, 3))
     im.readonly = 1
 
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_quantize.py b/Tests/test_image_quantize.py
index 1475b027b..873a9bb5d 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_quantize.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_quantize.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from PIL import Image, features
 from .helper import assert_image_similar, hopper, is_ppc64le, skip_unless_feature
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     image = hopper()
     converted = image.quantize()
     assert converted.mode == "P"
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def test_sanity():
 
 
 @skip_unless_feature("libimagequant")
-def test_libimagequant_quantize():
+def test_libimagequant_quantize() -> None:
     image = hopper()
     if is_ppc64le():
         libimagequant = parse_version(features.version_feature("libimagequant"))
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def test_libimagequant_quantize():
     assert len(converted.getcolors()) == 100
 
 
-def test_octree_quantize():
+def test_octree_quantize() -> None:
     image = hopper()
     converted = image.quantize(100, Image.Quantize.FASTOCTREE)
     assert converted.mode == "P"
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def test_octree_quantize():
     assert len(converted.getcolors()) == 100
 
 
-def test_rgba_quantize():
+def test_rgba_quantize() -> None:
     image = hopper("RGBA")
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         image.quantize(method=0)
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def test_rgba_quantize():
     assert image.quantize().convert().mode == "RGBA"
 
 
-def test_quantize():
+def test_quantize() -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/caption_6_33_22.png") as image:
         image = image.convert("RGB")
     converted = image.quantize()
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def test_quantize():
     assert_image_similar(converted.convert("RGB"), image, 1)
 
 
-def test_quantize_no_dither():
+def test_quantize_no_dither() -> None:
     image = hopper()
     with Image.open("Tests/images/caption_6_33_22.png") as palette:
         palette = palette.convert("P")
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def test_quantize_no_dither():
     assert converted.palette.palette == palette.palette.palette
 
 
-def test_quantize_no_dither2():
+def test_quantize_no_dither2() -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGB", (9, 1))
     im.putdata([(p,) * 3 for p in range(0, 36, 4)])
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def test_quantize_no_dither2():
         assert px[x, 0] == (0 if x < 5 else 1)
 
 
-def test_quantize_dither_diff():
+def test_quantize_dither_diff() -> None:
     image = hopper()
     with Image.open("Tests/images/caption_6_33_22.png") as palette:
         palette = palette.convert("P")
@@ -94,14 +94,14 @@ def test_quantize_dither_diff():
     assert dither.tobytes() != nodither.tobytes()
 
 
-def test_colors():
+def test_colors() -> None:
     im = hopper()
     colors = 2
     converted = im.quantize(colors)
     assert len(converted.palette.palette) == colors * len("RGB")
 
 
-def test_transparent_colors_equal():
+def test_transparent_colors_equal() -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGBA", (1, 2), (0, 0, 0, 0))
     px = im.load()
     px[0, 1] = (255, 255, 255, 0)
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ def test_transparent_colors_equal():
         (Image.Quantize.FASTOCTREE, (0, 0, 0, 0)),
     ),
 )
-def test_palette(method, color):
+def test_palette(method: Image.Quantize, color: tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
     im = Image.new("RGBA" if len(color) == 4 else "RGB", (1, 1), color)
 
     converted = im.quantize(method=method)
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ def test_palette(method, color):
     assert converted_px[0, 0] == converted.palette.colors[color]
 
 
-def test_small_palette():
+def test_small_palette() -> None:
     # Arrange
     im = hopper()
 
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_resize.py b/Tests/test_image_resize.py
index aedcf4a09..bd45ee893 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_resize.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_resize.py
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ Tests for resize functionality.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from itertools import permutations
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Generator
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -19,7 +21,9 @@ from .helper import (
 
 
 class TestImagingCoreResize:
-    def resize(self, im, size, f):
+    def resize(
+        self, im: Image.Image, size: tuple[int, int], f: Image.Resampling
+    ) -> Image.Image:
         # Image class independent version of resize.
         im.load()
         return im._new(im.im.resize(size, f))
@@ -27,14 +31,14 @@ class TestImagingCoreResize:
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "mode", ("1", "P", "L", "I", "F", "RGB", "RGBA", "CMYK", "YCbCr", "I;16")
     )
-    def test_nearest_mode(self, mode):
+    def test_nearest_mode(self, mode: str) -> None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         r = self.resize(im, (15, 12), Image.Resampling.NEAREST)
         assert r.mode == mode
         assert r.size == (15, 12)
         assert r.im.bands == im.im.bands
 
-    def test_convolution_modes(self):
+    def test_convolution_modes(self) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             self.resize(hopper("1"), (15, 12), Image.Resampling.BILINEAR)
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
@@ -59,7 +63,7 @@ class TestImagingCoreResize:
             Image.Resampling.LANCZOS,
         ),
     )
-    def test_reduce_filters(self, resample):
+    def test_reduce_filters(self, resample: Image.Resampling) -> None:
         r = self.resize(hopper("RGB"), (15, 12), resample)
         assert r.mode == "RGB"
         assert r.size == (15, 12)
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ class TestImagingCoreResize:
             Image.Resampling.LANCZOS,
         ),
     )
-    def test_enlarge_filters(self, resample):
+    def test_enlarge_filters(self, resample: Image.Resampling) -> None:
         r = self.resize(hopper("RGB"), (212, 195), resample)
         assert r.mode == "RGB"
         assert r.size == (212, 195)
@@ -99,7 +103,9 @@ class TestImagingCoreResize:
             ("LA", ("filled", "dirty")),
         ),
     )
-    def test_endianness(self, resample, mode, channels_set):
+    def test_endianness(
+        self, resample: Image.Resampling, mode: str, channels_set: tuple[str, ...]
+    ) -> None:
         # Make an image with one colored pixel, in one channel.
         # When resized, that channel should be the same as a GS image.
         # Other channels should be unaffected.
@@ -139,17 +145,17 @@ class TestImagingCoreResize:
             Image.Resampling.LANCZOS,
         ),
     )
-    def test_enlarge_zero(self, resample):
+    def test_enlarge_zero(self, resample: Image.Resampling) -> None:
         r = self.resize(Image.new("RGB", (0, 0), "white"), (212, 195), resample)
         assert r.mode == "RGB"
         assert r.size == (212, 195)
         assert r.getdata()[0] == (0, 0, 0)
 
-    def test_unknown_filter(self):
+    def test_unknown_filter(self) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             self.resize(hopper(), (10, 10), 9)
 
-    def test_cross_platform(self, tmp_path):
+    def test_cross_platform(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         # This test is intended for only check for consistent behaviour across
         # platforms. So if a future Pillow change requires that the test file
         # be updated, that is okay.
@@ -162,7 +168,7 @@ class TestImagingCoreResize:
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def gradients_image():
+def gradients_image() -> Generator[Image.Image, None, None]:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/radial_gradients.png") as im:
         im.load()
     try:
@@ -172,7 +178,7 @@ def gradients_image():
 
 
 class TestReducingGapResize:
-    def test_reducing_gap_values(self, gradients_image):
+    def test_reducing_gap_values(self, gradients_image: Image.Image) -> None:
         ref = gradients_image.resize(
             (52, 34), Image.Resampling.BICUBIC, reducing_gap=None
         )
@@ -191,7 +197,12 @@ class TestReducingGapResize:
         "box, epsilon",
         ((None, 4), ((1.1, 2.2, 510.8, 510.9), 4), ((3, 10, 410, 256), 10)),
     )
-    def test_reducing_gap_1(self, gradients_image, box, epsilon):
+    def test_reducing_gap_1(
+        self,
+        gradients_image: Image.Image,
+        box: tuple[float, float, float, float],
+        epsilon: float,
+    ) -> None:
         ref = gradients_image.resize((52, 34), Image.Resampling.BICUBIC, box=box)
         im = gradients_image.resize(
             (52, 34), Image.Resampling.BICUBIC, box=box, reducing_gap=1.0
@@ -206,7 +217,12 @@ class TestReducingGapResize:
         "box, epsilon",
         ((None, 1.5), ((1.1, 2.2, 510.8, 510.9), 1.5), ((3, 10, 410, 256), 1)),
     )
-    def test_reducing_gap_2(self, gradients_image, box, epsilon):
+    def test_reducing_gap_2(
+        self,
+        gradients_image: Image.Image,
+        box: tuple[float, float, float, float],
+        epsilon: float,
+    ) -> None:
         ref = gradients_image.resize((52, 34), Image.Resampling.BICUBIC, box=box)
         im = gradients_image.resize(
             (52, 34), Image.Resampling.BICUBIC, box=box, reducing_gap=2.0
@@ -221,7 +237,12 @@ class TestReducingGapResize:
         "box, epsilon",
         ((None, 1), ((1.1, 2.2, 510.8, 510.9), 1), ((3, 10, 410, 256), 0.5)),
     )
-    def test_reducing_gap_3(self, gradients_image, box, epsilon):
+    def test_reducing_gap_3(
+        self,
+        gradients_image: Image.Image,
+        box: tuple[float, float, float, float],
+        epsilon: float,
+    ) -> None:
         ref = gradients_image.resize((52, 34), Image.Resampling.BICUBIC, box=box)
         im = gradients_image.resize(
             (52, 34), Image.Resampling.BICUBIC, box=box, reducing_gap=3.0
@@ -233,7 +254,9 @@ class TestReducingGapResize:
         assert_image_similar(ref, im, epsilon)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("box", (None, (1.1, 2.2, 510.8, 510.9), (3, 10, 410, 256)))
-    def test_reducing_gap_8(self, gradients_image, box):
+    def test_reducing_gap_8(
+        self, gradients_image: Image.Image, box: tuple[float, float, float, float]
+    ) -> None:
         ref = gradients_image.resize((52, 34), Image.Resampling.BICUBIC, box=box)
         im = gradients_image.resize(
             (52, 34), Image.Resampling.BICUBIC, box=box, reducing_gap=8.0
@@ -245,7 +268,12 @@ class TestReducingGapResize:
         "box, epsilon",
         (((0, 0, 512, 512), 5.5), ((0.9, 1.7, 128, 128), 9.5)),
     )
-    def test_box_filter(self, gradients_image, box, epsilon):
+    def test_box_filter(
+        self,
+        gradients_image: Image.Image,
+        box: tuple[float, float, float, float],
+        epsilon: float,
+    ) -> None:
         ref = gradients_image.resize((52, 34), Image.Resampling.BOX, box=box)
         im = gradients_image.resize(
             (52, 34), Image.Resampling.BOX, box=box, reducing_gap=1.0
@@ -255,8 +283,8 @@ class TestReducingGapResize:
 
 
 class TestImageResize:
-    def test_resize(self):
-        def resize(mode, size):
+    def test_resize(self) -> None:
+        def resize(mode: str, size: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
             out = hopper(mode).resize(size)
             assert out.mode == mode
             assert out.size == size
@@ -271,7 +299,7 @@ class TestImageResize:
                 im.resize((10, 10), "unknown")
 
     @skip_unless_feature("libtiff")
-    def test_load_first(self):
+    def test_load_first(self) -> None:
         # load() may change the size of the image
         # Test that resize() is calling it before getting the size
         with Image.open("Tests/images/g4_orientation_5.tif") as im:
@@ -279,13 +307,13 @@ class TestImageResize:
             assert im.size == (64, 64)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "RGB", "I", "F"))
-    def test_default_filter_bicubic(self, mode):
+    def test_default_filter_bicubic(self, mode: str) -> None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         assert im.resize((20, 20), Image.Resampling.BICUBIC) == im.resize((20, 20))
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "mode", ("1", "P", "I;16", "I;16L", "I;16B", "BGR;15", "BGR;16")
     )
-    def test_default_filter_nearest(self, mode):
+    def test_default_filter_nearest(self, mode: str) -> None:
         im = hopper(mode)
         assert im.resize((20, 20), Image.Resampling.NEAREST) == im.resize((20, 20))
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_split.py b/Tests/test_image_split.py
index c39a100e7..3385f81f5 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_split.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_split.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import Image, features
@@ -7,8 +9,8 @@ from PIL import Image, features
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper
 
 
-def test_split():
-    def split(mode):
+def test_split() -> None:
+    def split(mode: str) -> list[tuple[str, int, int]]:
         layers = hopper(mode).split()
         return [(i.mode, i.size[0], i.size[1]) for i in layers]
 
@@ -36,18 +38,18 @@ def test_split():
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "mode", ("1", "L", "I", "F", "P", "RGB", "RGBA", "CMYK", "YCbCr")
 )
-def test_split_merge(mode):
+def test_split_merge(mode: str) -> None:
     expected = Image.merge(mode, hopper(mode).split())
     assert_image_equal(hopper(mode), expected)
 
 
-def test_split_open(tmp_path):
+def test_split_open(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     if features.check("zlib"):
         test_file = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
     else:
         test_file = str(tmp_path / "temp.pcx")
 
-    def split_open(mode):
+    def split_open(mode: str) -> int:
         hopper(mode).save(test_file)
         with Image.open(test_file) as im:
             return len(im.split())
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_tobitmap.py b/Tests/test_image_tobitmap.py
index 89a41cf8e..f7a3cc41d 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_tobitmap.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_tobitmap.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import pytest
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, fromstring, hopper
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         hopper().tobitmap()
 
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_tobytes.py b/Tests/test_image_tobytes.py
index 8f15adac0..d32b6c09b 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_tobytes.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_tobytes.py
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from .helper import hopper
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     data = hopper().tobytes()
     assert isinstance(data, bytes)
diff --git a/Tests/test_image_transpose.py b/Tests/test_image_transpose.py
index 01bf5a839..d384d8141 100644
--- a/Tests/test_image_transpose.py
+++ b/Tests/test_image_transpose.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import pytest
 
+from PIL import Image
 from PIL.Image import Transpose
 
 from . import helper
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ HOPPER = {
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", HOPPER)
-def test_flip_left_right(mode):
+def test_flip_left_right(mode: str) -> None:
     im = HOPPER[mode]
     out = im.transpose(Transpose.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
     assert out.mode == mode
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ def test_flip_left_right(mode):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", HOPPER)
-def test_flip_top_bottom(mode):
+def test_flip_top_bottom(mode: str) -> None:
     im = HOPPER[mode]
     out = im.transpose(Transpose.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM)
     assert out.mode == mode
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ def test_flip_top_bottom(mode):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", HOPPER)
-def test_rotate_90(mode):
+def test_rotate_90(mode: str) -> None:
     im = HOPPER[mode]
     out = im.transpose(Transpose.ROTATE_90)
     assert out.mode == mode
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ def test_rotate_90(mode):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", HOPPER)
-def test_rotate_180(mode):
+def test_rotate_180(mode: str) -> None:
     im = HOPPER[mode]
     out = im.transpose(Transpose.ROTATE_180)
     assert out.mode == mode
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ def test_rotate_180(mode):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", HOPPER)
-def test_rotate_270(mode):
+def test_rotate_270(mode: str) -> None:
     im = HOPPER[mode]
     out = im.transpose(Transpose.ROTATE_270)
     assert out.mode == mode
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ def test_rotate_270(mode):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", HOPPER)
-def test_transpose(mode):
+def test_transpose(mode: str) -> None:
     im = HOPPER[mode]
     out = im.transpose(Transpose.TRANSPOSE)
     assert out.mode == mode
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ def test_transpose(mode):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", HOPPER)
-def test_tranverse(mode):
+def test_tranverse(mode: str) -> None:
     im = HOPPER[mode]
     out = im.transpose(Transpose.TRANSVERSE)
     assert out.mode == mode
@@ -112,10 +113,10 @@ def test_tranverse(mode):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", HOPPER)
-def test_roundtrip(mode):
+def test_roundtrip(mode: str) -> None:
     im = HOPPER[mode]
 
-    def transpose(first, second):
+    def transpose(first: Transpose, second: Transpose) -> Image.Image:
         return im.transpose(first).transpose(second)
 
     assert_image_equal(
diff --git a/Tests/test_lib_image.py b/Tests/test_lib_image.py
index 1c642e4c9..31548bbc9 100644
--- a/Tests/test_lib_image.py
+++ b/Tests/test_lib_image.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import pytest
 from PIL import Image
 
 
-def test_setmode():
+def test_setmode() -> None:
     im = Image.new("L", (1, 1), 255)
     im.im.setmode("1")
     assert im.im.getpixel((0, 0)) == 255
diff --git a/Tests/test_locale.py b/Tests/test_locale.py
index db9557d7b..1c8b84a2b 100644
--- a/Tests/test_locale.py
+++ b/Tests/test_locale.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from PIL import Image
 path = "Tests/images/hopper.jpg"
 
 
-def test_sanity():
+def test_sanity() -> None:
     with Image.open(path):
         pass
     try:
diff --git a/Tests/test_main.py b/Tests/test_main.py
index 9f61a0c81..46259f1dc 100644
--- a/Tests/test_main.py
+++ b/Tests/test_main.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 
 
-def test_main():
+def test_main() -> None:
     out = subprocess.check_output([sys.executable, "-m", "PIL"]).decode("utf-8")
     lines = out.splitlines()
     assert lines[0] == "-" * 68
diff --git a/Tests/test_pyroma.py b/Tests/test_pyroma.py
index c2cea08ca..c2f7fe22e 100644
--- a/Tests/test_pyroma.py
+++ b/Tests/test_pyroma.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from PIL import __version__
 pyroma = pytest.importorskip("pyroma", reason="Pyroma not installed")
 
 
-def test_pyroma():
+def test_pyroma() -> None:
     # Arrange
     data = pyroma.projectdata.get_data(".")
 
diff --git a/Tests/test_uploader.py b/Tests/test_uploader.py
index 75326288f..d55ceb4be 100644
--- a/Tests/test_uploader.py
+++ b/Tests/test_uploader.py
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, assert_image_similar, hopper
 
 
-def check_upload_equal():
+def check_upload_equal() -> None:
     result = hopper("P").convert("RGB")
     target = hopper("RGB")
     assert_image_equal(result, target)
 
 
-def check_upload_similar():
+def check_upload_similar() -> None:
     result = hopper("P").convert("RGB")
     target = hopper("RGB")
     assert_image_similar(result, target, 0)
diff --git a/Tests/test_util.py b/Tests/test_util.py
index 3395ef753..b47ca8827 100644
--- a/Tests/test_util.py
+++ b/Tests/test_util.py
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pytest
 
 from PIL import _util
 
 
-def test_is_path():
+def test_is_path() -> None:
     # Arrange
     fp = "filename.ext"
 
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ def test_is_path():
     assert it_is
 
 
-def test_path_obj_is_path():
+def test_path_obj_is_path() -> None:
     # Arrange
     from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ def test_path_obj_is_path():
     assert it_is
 
 
-def test_is_not_path(tmp_path):
+def test_is_not_path(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # Arrange
     with (tmp_path / "temp.ext").open("w") as fp:
         pass
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ def test_is_not_path(tmp_path):
     assert not it_is_not
 
 
-def test_is_directory():
+def test_is_directory() -> None:
     # Arrange
     directory = "Tests"
 
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ def test_is_directory():
     assert it_is
 
 
-def test_is_not_directory():
+def test_is_not_directory() -> None:
     # Arrange
     text = "abc"
 
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ def test_is_not_directory():
     assert not it_is_not
 
 
-def test_deferred_error():
+def test_deferred_error() -> None:
     # Arrange
 
     # Act
diff --git a/Tests/test_webp_leaks.py b/Tests/test_webp_leaks.py
index 0f51abc95..626fe427c 100644
--- a/Tests/test_webp_leaks.py
+++ b/Tests/test_webp_leaks.py
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ class TestWebPLeaks(PillowLeakTestCase):
     mem_limit = 3 * 1024  # kb
     iterations = 100
 
-    def test_leak_load(self):
+    def test_leak_load(self) -> None:
         with open(test_file, "rb") as f:
             im_data = f.read()
 
-        def core():
+        def core() -> None:
             with Image.open(BytesIO(im_data)) as im:
                 im.load()
 
diff --git a/depends/download-and-extract.sh b/depends/download-and-extract.sh
index a318bfafd..04bfbc755 100755
--- a/depends/download-and-extract.sh
+++ b/depends/download-and-extract.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ archive=$1
 url=$2
 
 if [ ! -f $archive.tar.gz ]; then
-    wget -O $archive.tar.gz $url
+    wget --no-verbose -O $archive.tar.gz $url
 fi
 
 rmdir $archive
diff --git a/depends/install_imagequant.sh b/depends/install_imagequant.sh
index b7cebbdbf..3adae91a5 100755
--- a/depends/install_imagequant.sh
+++ b/depends/install_imagequant.sh
@@ -1,15 +1,39 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # install libimagequant
 
-archive=libimagequant-4.2.2
+archive_name=libimagequant
+archive_version=4.2.2
 
-./download-and-extract.sh $archive https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/main/$archive.tar.gz
+archive=$archive_name-$archive_version
 
-pushd $archive/imagequant-sys
+if [[ "$GHA_LIBIMAGEQUANT_CACHE_HIT" == "true" ]]; then
 
-cargo install cargo-c
-cargo cinstall --prefix=/usr --destdir=.
-sudo cp usr/lib/libimagequant.so* /usr/lib/
-sudo cp usr/include/libimagequant.h /usr/include/
+    # Copy cached files into place
+    sudo cp ~/cache-$archive_name/libimagequant.so* /usr/lib/
+    sudo cp ~/cache-$archive_name/libimagequant.h /usr/include/
 
-popd
+else
+
+    # Build from source
+    ./download-and-extract.sh $archive https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/main/$archive.tar.gz
+
+    pushd $archive/imagequant-sys
+
+    cargo install cargo-c
+    cargo cinstall --prefix=/usr --destdir=.
+
+    # Copy into place
+    sudo cp usr/lib/libimagequant.so* /usr/lib/
+    sudo cp usr/include/libimagequant.h /usr/include/
+
+    if [ -n "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" ]; then
+        # Copy to cache
+        rm -rf ~/cache-$archive_name
+        mkdir ~/cache-$archive_name
+        cp usr/lib/libimagequant.so* ~/cache-$archive_name/
+        cp usr/include/libimagequant.h ~/cache-$archive_name/
+    fi
+
+    popd
+
+fi
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 1bf0bcff5..1bbd2c05c
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
 # > pyroma .
 # ------------------------------
 # Checking .