Merge branch 'main' into mode_enums

.appveyor.yml

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-skip_commits:
-  files:
-    - ".github/**/*"
-    - ".gitmodules"
-    - "docs/**/*"
-    - "wheels/**/*"
-
-version: '{build}'
-clone_folder: c:\pillow
-init:
-- ECHO %PYTHON%
-#- ps: iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/appveyor/ci/master/scripts/enable-rdp.ps1'))
-# Uncomment previous line to get RDP access during the build.
-
-environment:
-  COVERAGE_CORE: sysmon
-  EXECUTABLE: python.exe
-  TEST_OPTIONS:
-  DEPLOY: YES
-  matrix:
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python313
-    ARCHITECTURE: x86
-    APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2022
-  - PYTHON: C:/Python39-x64
-    ARCHITECTURE: AMD64
-    APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2019
-
-
-install:
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% --version'
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip install --upgrade pip'
-- curl -fsSL -o pillow-test-images.zip https://github.com/python-pillow/test-images/archive/main.zip
-- 7z x pillow-test-images.zip -oc:\
-- xcopy /S /Y c:\test-images-main\* c:\pillow\tests\images
-- curl -fsSL -o nasm-win64.zip https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/main/nasm-2.16.03-win64.zip
-- 7z x nasm-win64.zip -oc:\
-- choco install ghostscript --version=10.4.0
-- path c:\nasm-2.16.03;C:\Program Files\gs\gs10.04.0\bin;%PATH%
-- cd c:\pillow\winbuild\
-- ps: |
-        c:\python39\python.exe c:\pillow\winbuild\build_prepare.py -v --depends=C:\pillow-depends\
-        c:\pillow\winbuild\build\build_dep_all.cmd
-        $host.SetShouldExit(0)
-- path C:\pillow\winbuild\build\bin;%PATH%
-
-build_script:
-- cd c:\pillow
-- winbuild\build\build_env.cmd
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip install -v -C raqm=vendor -C fribidi=vendor .'
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% selftest.py --installed'
-
-test_script:
-- cd c:\pillow
-- '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip install pytest pytest-cov pytest-timeout defusedxml ipython numpy olefile pyroma'
-- c:\"Program Files (x86)"\"Windows Kits"\10\Debuggers\x86\gflags.exe /p /enable %PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE%
-- path %PYTHON%;%PATH%
-- .ci\test.cmd
-
-after_test:
-- curl -Os https://uploader.codecov.io/latest/windows/codecov.exe
-- .\codecov.exe --file coverage.xml --name %PYTHON% --flags AppVeyor
-
-matrix:
-  fast_finish: true
-
-cache:
-- '%LOCALAPPDATA%\pip\Cache'
-
-artifacts:
-- path: pillow\*.egg
-  name: egg
-- path: pillow\*.whl
-  name: wheel
-
-before_deploy:
-  - cd c:\pillow
-  - '%PYTHON%\%EXECUTABLE% -m pip wheel -v -C raqm=vendor -C fribidi=vendor .'
-  - ps: Get-ChildItem .\*.whl | % { Push-AppveyorArtifact $_.FullName -FileName $_.Name }
-
-deploy:
-  provider: S3
-  region: us-west-2
-  access_key_id: AKIAIRAXC62ZNTVQJMOQ
-  secret_access_key:
-    secure: Hwb6klTqtBeMgxAjRoDltiiqpuH8xbwD4UooDzBSiCWXjuFj1lyl4kHgHwTCCGqi
-  bucket: pillow-nightly
-  folder: win/$(APPVEYOR_BUILD_NUMBER)/
-  artifact: /.*egg|wheel/
-  on:
-    APPVEYOR_REPO_NAME: python-pillow/Pillow
-    branch: main
-    deploy: YES
-
-
-# Uncomment the following lines to get RDP access after the build/test and block for
-# up to the timeout limit (~1hr)
-#
-#on_finish:
-#- ps: $blockRdp = $true; iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/appveyor/ci/master/scripts/enable-rdp.ps1'))

.ci/after_success.sh

@@ -2,8 +2,4 @@
 
 # gather the coverage data
 python3 -m pip install coverage
-if [[ $MATRIX_DOCKER ]]; then
-  python3 -m coverage xml --ignore-errors
-else
 python3 -m coverage xml
-fi

.ci/build.sh

@@ -3,8 +3,5 @@
 set -e
 
 python3 -m coverage erase
-if [ $(uname) == "Darwin" ]; then
-    export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/miniconda/include";
-fi
 make clean
 make install-coverage

.ci/install.sh

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ set -e
 
 if [[ $(uname) != CYGWIN* ]]; then
     sudo apt-get -qq install libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev python3-tk\
-                             ghostscript libjpeg-turbo-progs libopenjp2-7-dev\
+                             ghostscript libjpeg-turbo8-dev libopenjp2-7-dev\
                              cmake meson imagemagick libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev\
                              sway wl-clipboard libopenblas-dev
 fi

.ci/requirements-cibw.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-cibuildwheel==2.21.3
+cibuildwheel==2.22.0

.ci/requirements-mypy.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-mypy==1.13.0
+mypy==1.14.1
 IceSpringPySideStubs-PyQt6
 IceSpringPySideStubs-PySide6
 ipython

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Please send a pull request to the `main` branch. Please include [documentation](
 - Fork the Pillow repository.
 - Create a branch from `main`.
 - Develop bug fixes, features, tests, etc.
-- Run the test suite. You can enable GitHub Actions (https://github.com/MY-USERNAME/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/projects/new) on your repo to catch test failures prior to the pull request, and [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh) to see if the changed code is covered by tests.
+- Run the test suite. You can enable GitHub Actions (https://github.com/MY-USERNAME/Pillow/actions) on your repo to catch test failures prior to the pull request, and [Codecov](https://codecov.io/gh) to see if the changed code is covered by tests.
 - Create a pull request to pull the changes from your branch to the Pillow `main`.
 
 ### Guidelines
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@ Please send a pull request to the `main` branch. Please include [documentation](
 - Separate code commits from reformatting commits.
 - Provide tests for any newly added code.
 - Follow PEP 8.
-- When committing only documentation changes please include `[ci skip]` in the commit message to avoid running tests on AppVeyor.
+- When committing only documentation changes please include `[ci skip]` in the commit message to avoid running extra tests.
 - Include [release notes](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/tree/main/docs/releasenotes) as needed or appropriate with your bug fixes, feature additions and tests.
-- Do not add to the [changelog](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/CHANGES.rst) for proposed changes, as that is updated after changes are merged.
 
 ## Reporting Issues
 

.github/mergify.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ pull_request_rules:
       - status-success=Windows Test Successful
       - status-success=MinGW
       - status-success=Cygwin Test Successful
-      - status-success=continuous-integration/appveyor/pr
     actions:
       merge:
         method: merge

.github/release-drafter.yml

@@ -3,18 +3,19 @@ tag-template: "$NEXT_MINOR_VERSION"
 change-template: '- $TITLE #$NUMBER [@$AUTHOR]'
 
 categories:
-  - title: "Dependencies"
+  - title: "Removals"
-    label: "Dependency"
+    label: "Removal"
   - title: "Deprecations"
     label: "Deprecation"
   - title: "Documentation"
     label: "Documentation"
-  - title: "Removals"
+  - title: "Dependencies"
-    label: "Removal"
+    label: "Dependency"
   - title: "Testing"
     label: "Testing"
   - title: "Type hints"
     label: "Type hints"
+  - title: "Other changes"
 
 exclude-labels:
   - "changelog: skip"
@@ -23,6 +24,4 @@ template: |
 
   https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/$NEXT_MINOR_VERSION.html
 
-  ## Changes
-
   $CHANGES

.github/workflows/macos-install.sh

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ fi
 brew install \
     freetype \
     ghostscript \
+    jpeg-turbo \
     libimagequant \
-    libjpeg \
     libtiff \
     little-cms2 \
     openjpeg \

.github/workflows/test-cygwin.yml

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Cygwin
-        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v4
+        uses: cygwin/cygwin-install-action@v5
         with:
           packages: >
             gcc-g++
@@ -133,11 +133,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: After success
         run: |
           bash.exe .ci/after_success.sh
+          rm C:\cygwin\bin\bash.EXE
 
       - name: Upload coverage
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
         with:
-          file: ./coverage.xml
+          files: ./coverage.xml
           flags: GHA_Cygwin
           name: Cygwin Python 3.${{ matrix.python-minor-version }}
           token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/test-docker.yml

@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   build:
 
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
+        os: ["ubuntu-latest"]
         docker: [
           # Run slower jobs first to give them a headstart and reduce waiting time
-          ubuntu-22.04-jammy-arm64v8,
           ubuntu-24.04-noble-ppc64le,
           ubuntu-24.04-noble-s390x,
           # Then run the remainder
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ jobs:
           amazon-2023-amd64,
           arch,
           centos-stream-9-amd64,
+          centos-stream-10-amd64,
           debian-12-bookworm-x86,
           debian-12-bookworm-amd64,
           fedora-40-amd64,
@@ -54,12 +55,13 @@ jobs:
         ]
         dockerTag: [main]
         include:
-          - docker: "ubuntu-22.04-jammy-arm64v8"
-            qemu-arch: "aarch64"
           - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-ppc64le"
             qemu-arch: "ppc64le"
           - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-s390x"
             qemu-arch: "s390x"
+          - docker: "ubuntu-24.04-noble-arm64v8"
+            os: "ubuntu-24.04-arm"
+            dockerTag: main
 
     name: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
@@ -89,18 +91,18 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: After success
       run: |
-        PATH="$PATH:~/.local/bin"
         docker start pillow_container
+        sudo docker cp pillow_container:/Pillow /Pillow
+        sudo chown -R runner /Pillow
         pil_path=`docker exec pillow_container /vpy3/bin/python -c 'import os, PIL;print(os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(PIL.__file__)))'`
         docker stop pillow_container
         sudo mkdir -p $pil_path
         sudo cp src/PIL/*.py $pil_path
+        cd /Pillow
         .ci/after_success.sh
-      env:
-        MATRIX_DOCKER: ${{ matrix.docker }}
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
       with:
         flags: GHA_Docker
         name: ${{ matrix.docker }}

.github/workflows/test-mingw.yml

@@ -66,18 +66,18 @@ jobs:
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libtiff \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-libwebp \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-openjpeg2 \
-              mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-numpy \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-numpy \
-              mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-olefile \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-olefile \
-              mingw-w64-x86_64-python3-setuptools \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pip \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest-cov \
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pytest-timeout \
               mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pyqt6
 
-          python3 -m ensurepip
-          python3 -m pip install pyroma pytest pytest-cov pytest-timeout
-
           pushd depends && ./install_extra_test_images.sh && popd
 
       - name: Build Pillow
-        run: SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS="stdlib" CFLAGS="-coverage" python3 -m pip install .
+        run: CFLAGS="-coverage" python3 -m pip install .
 
       - name: Test Pillow
         run: |
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ jobs:
           .ci/test.sh
 
       - name: Upload coverage
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
         with:
-          file: ./coverage.xml
+          files: ./coverage.xml
           flags: GHA_Windows
           name: "MSYS2 MinGW"
           token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/test-windows.yml

@@ -31,15 +31,20 @@ env:
 
 jobs:
   build:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["pypy3.10", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: ["pypy3.10", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        architecture: ["x64"]
+        os: ["windows-latest"]
+        include:
+            # Test the oldest Python on 32-bit
+            - { python-version: "3.9", architecture: "x86", os: "windows-2019" }
 
     timeout-minutes: 30
 
-    name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+    name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} (${{ matrix.architecture }})
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Pillow
@@ -67,28 +72,21 @@ jobs:
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         allow-prereleases: true
+        architecture: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
         cache: pip
         cache-dependency-path: ".github/workflows/test-windows.yml"
 
     - name: Print build system information
       run: python3 .github/workflows/system-info.py
 
-    - name: Install Python dependencies
+    - name: Upgrade pip
-      run: >
+      run: |
-        python3 -m pip install
+        python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        coverage>=7.4.2
-        defusedxml
-        olefile
-        pyroma
-        pytest
-        pytest-cov
-        pytest-timeout
 
     - name: Install CPython dependencies
-      if: "!contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy')"
+      if: "!contains(matrix.python-version, 'pypy') && matrix.architecture != 'x86'"
-      run: >
+      run: |
-        python3 -m pip install
+        python3 -m pip install PyQt6
-        PyQt6
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       id: install
@@ -188,7 +186,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Build Pillow
       run: |
         $FLAGS="-C raqm=vendor -C fribidi=vendor"
-        cmd /c "winbuild\build\build_env.cmd && $env:pythonLocation\python.exe -m pip install -v $FLAGS ."
+        cmd /c "winbuild\build\build_env.cmd && $env:pythonLocation\python.exe -m pip install -v $FLAGS .[tests]"
         & $env:pythonLocation\python.exe selftest.py --installed
       shell: pwsh
 
@@ -223,9 +221,9 @@ jobs:
       shell: pwsh
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
       with:
-        file: ./coverage.xml
+        files: ./coverage.xml
         flags: GHA_Windows
         name: ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_ORG_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ jobs:
         ]
         python-version: [
           "pypy3.10",
+          "3.14",
+          "3.13t",
           "3.13",
           "3.12",
           "3.11",
@@ -52,14 +54,14 @@ jobs:
         - { python-version: "3.11", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 1, REVERSE: "--reverse" }
         - { python-version: "3.10", PYTHONOPTIMIZE: 2 }
         # Free-threaded
-        - { os: "ubuntu-latest", python-version: "3.13-dev", disable-gil: true }
+        - { python-version: "3.13t", disable-gil: true }
         # M1 only available for 3.10+
         - { os: "macos-13", python-version: "3.9" }
         exclude:
         - { os: "macos-latest", python-version: "3.9" }
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} ${{ matrix.disable-gil && 'free-threaded' || '' }}
+    name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -67,8 +69,7 @@ jobs:
         persist-credentials: false
 
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      uses: Quansight-Labs/setup-python@v5
-      if: "${{ !matrix.disable-gil }}"
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         allow-prereleases: true
@@ -77,13 +78,6 @@ jobs:
           ".ci/*.sh"
           "pyproject.toml"
 
-    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} (free-threaded)
-      uses: deadsnakes/action@v3.2.0
-      if: "${{ matrix.disable-gil }}"
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        nogil: ${{ matrix.disable-gil }}
-
     - name: Set PYTHON_GIL
       if: "${{ matrix.disable-gil }}"
       run: |
@@ -116,7 +110,7 @@ jobs:
         GHA_PYTHON_VERSION: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
     - name: Register gcc problem matcher
-      if: "matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.python-version == '3.12'"
+      if: "matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.python-version == '3.13'"
       run: echo "::add-matcher::.github/problem-matchers/gcc.json"
 
     - name: Build
@@ -156,7 +150,7 @@ jobs:
         .ci/after_success.sh
 
     - name: Upload coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
       with:
         flags: ${{ matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' && 'GHA_Ubuntu' || 'GHA_macOS' }}
         name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}

.github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh

@@ -1,11 +1,33 @@
 #!/bin/bash
-# Define custom utilities
+
-# Test for macOS with [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]
+# Setup that needs to be done before multibuild utils are invoked
-if [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+PROJECTDIR=$(pwd)
-    export MB_ML_LIBC=${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}
+if [[ "$(uname -s)" == "Darwin" ]]; then
-    export MB_ML_VER=${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY:9}
+    # Safety check - macOS builds require that CIBW_ARCHS is set, and that it
+    # only contains a single value (even though cibuildwheel allows multiple
+    # values in CIBW_ARCHS).
+    if [[ -z "$CIBW_ARCHS" ]]; then
+        echo "ERROR: Pillow macOS builds require CIBW_ARCHS be defined."
+        exit 1
     fi
-export PLAT=$CIBW_ARCHS
+    if [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == *" "* ]]; then
+        echo "ERROR: Pillow macOS builds only support a single architecture in CIBW_ARCHS."
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    # Build macOS dependencies in `build/darwin`
+    # Install them into `build/deps/darwin`
+    WORKDIR=$(pwd)/build/darwin
+    BUILD_PREFIX=$(pwd)/build/deps/darwin
+else
+    # Build prefix will default to /usr/local
+    WORKDIR=$(pwd)/build
+    MB_ML_LIBC=${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}
+    MB_ML_VER=${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY:9}
+fi
+PLAT=$CIBW_ARCHS
+
+# Define custom utilities
 source wheels/multibuild/common_utils.sh
 source wheels/multibuild/library_builders.sh
 if [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
@@ -15,79 +37,95 @@ fi
 ARCHIVE_SDIR=pillow-depends-main
 
 # Package versions for fresh source builds
-FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.2
+FREETYPE_VERSION=2.13.3
-HARFBUZZ_VERSION=10.0.1
+HARFBUZZ_VERSION=10.1.0
-LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.44
+LIBPNG_VERSION=1.6.45
-JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.0.4
+JPEGTURBO_VERSION=3.1.0
-OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.2
+OPENJPEG_VERSION=2.5.3
 XZ_VERSION=5.6.3
 TIFF_VERSION=4.6.0
 LCMS2_VERSION=2.16
-if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
+ZLIB_NG_VERSION=2.2.3
-    GIFLIB_VERSION=5.2.2
+LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.5.0
-else
-    GIFLIB_VERSION=5.2.1
-fi
-if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]] || [[ "$MB_ML_VER" != 2014 ]]; then
-    ZLIB_VERSION=1.3.1
-else
-    ZLIB_VERSION=1.2.8
-fi
-LIBWEBP_VERSION=1.4.0
 BZIP2_VERSION=1.0.8
 LIBXCB_VERSION=1.17.0
 BROTLI_VERSION=1.1.0
 
+function build_pkg_config {
+    if [ -e pkg-config-stamp ]; then return; fi
+    # This essentially duplicates the Homebrew recipe
+    ORIGINAL_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
+    CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wno-int-conversion"
+    build_simple pkg-config 0.29.2 https://pkg-config.freedesktop.org/releases tar.gz \
+        --disable-debug --disable-host-tool --with-internal-glib \
+        --with-pc-path=$BUILD_PREFIX/share/pkgconfig:$BUILD_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig \
+        --with-system-include-path=$(xcrun --show-sdk-path --sdk macosx)/usr/include
+    CFLAGS=$ORIGINAL_CFLAGS
+    export PKG_CONFIG=$BUILD_PREFIX/bin/pkg-config
+    touch pkg-config-stamp
+}
+
+function build_zlib_ng {
+    if [ -e zlib-stamp ]; then return; fi
+    fetch_unpack https://github.com/zlib-ng/zlib-ng/archive/$ZLIB_NG_VERSION.tar.gz zlib-ng-$ZLIB_NG_VERSION.tar.gz
+    (cd zlib-ng-$ZLIB_NG_VERSION \
+        && ./configure --prefix=$BUILD_PREFIX --zlib-compat \
+        && make -j4 \
+        && make install)
+    touch zlib-stamp
+}
+
 function build_brotli {
-    local cmake=$(get_modern_cmake)
+    if [ -e brotli-stamp ]; then return; fi
     local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/google/brotli/archive/v$BROTLI_VERSION.tar.gz brotli-$BROTLI_VERSION.tar.gz)
     (cd $out_dir \
-        && $cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$BUILD_PREFIX -DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib . \
+        && cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$BUILD_PREFIX -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib -DCMAKE_INSTALL_NAME_DIR=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib . \
         && make install)
-    if [[ "$MB_ML_LIBC" == "manylinux" ]]; then
+    touch brotli-stamp
-        cp /usr/local/lib64/libbrotli* /usr/local/lib
-        cp /usr/local/lib64/pkgconfig/libbrotli* /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
-    fi
 }
 
 function build_harfbuzz {
+    if [ -e harfbuzz-stamp ]; then return; fi
     python3 -m pip install meson ninja
 
-    local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/releases/download/$HARFBUZZ_VERSION/$HARFBUZZ_VERSION.tar.xz harfbuzz-$HARFBUZZ_VERSION.tar.xz)
+    local out_dir=$(fetch_unpack https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/releases/download/$HARFBUZZ_VERSION/harfbuzz-$HARFBUZZ_VERSION.tar.xz harfbuzz-$HARFBUZZ_VERSION.tar.xz)
     (cd $out_dir \
-        && meson setup build --buildtype=release -Dfreetype=enabled -Dglib=disabled)
+        && meson setup build --prefix=$BUILD_PREFIX --libdir=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib --buildtype=release -Dfreetype=enabled -Dglib=disabled)
     (cd $out_dir/build \
         && meson install)
-    if [[ "$MB_ML_LIBC" == "manylinux" ]]; then
+    touch harfbuzz-stamp
-        cp /usr/local/lib64/libharfbuzz* /usr/local/lib
-    fi
 }
 
 function build {
-    if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]] && [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == "arm64" ]]; then
-        sudo chown -R runner /usr/local
-    fi
     build_xz
-    if [ -z "$IS_ALPINE" ] && [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+    if [ -z "$IS_ALPINE" ] && [ -z "$SANITIZER" ] && [ -z "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
         yum remove -y zlib-devel
     fi
-    build_new_zlib
+    build_zlib_ng
 
     build_simple xcb-proto 1.17.0 https://xorg.freedesktop.org/archive/individual/proto
     if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
         build_simple xorgproto 2024.1 https://www.x.org/pub/individual/proto
-        build_simple libXau 1.0.11 https://www.x.org/pub/individual/lib
+        build_simple libXau 1.0.12 https://www.x.org/pub/individual/lib
         build_simple libpthread-stubs 0.5 https://xcb.freedesktop.org/dist
-        if [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == "arm64" ]]; then
-            cp /usr/local/share/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
-        fi
     else
-        sed s/\${pc_sysrootdir\}// /usr/local/share/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc > /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc
+        sed s/\${pc_sysrootdir\}// $BUILD_PREFIX/share/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc > $BUILD_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig/xcb-proto.pc
     fi
     build_simple libxcb $LIBXCB_VERSION https://www.x.org/releases/individual/lib
 
     build_libjpeg_turbo
+    if [ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]; then
+        # Custom tiff build to include jpeg; by default, configure won't include
+        # headers/libs in the custom macOS prefix. Explicitly disable webp,
+        # libdeflate and zstd, because on x86_64 macs, it will pick up the
+        # Homebrew versions of those libraries from /usr/local.
+        build_simple tiff $TIFF_VERSION https://download.osgeo.org/libtiff tar.gz \
+            --with-jpeg-include-dir=$BUILD_PREFIX/include --with-jpeg-lib-dir=$BUILD_PREFIX/lib \
+            --disable-webp --disable-libdeflate --disable-zstd
+    else
         build_tiff
+    fi
+
     build_libpng
     build_lcms2
     build_openjpeg
@@ -97,7 +135,9 @@ function build {
     if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
         CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names"
     fi
-    build_libwebp
+    build_simple libwebp $LIBWEBP_VERSION \
+        https://storage.googleapis.com/downloads.webmproject.org/releases/webp tar.gz \
+        --enable-libwebpmux --enable-libwebpdemux
     CFLAGS=$ORIGINAL_CFLAGS
 
     build_brotli
@@ -112,32 +152,47 @@ function build {
     build_harfbuzz
 }
 
+# Perform all dependency builds in the build subfolder.
+mkdir -p $WORKDIR
+pushd $WORKDIR > /dev/null
+
 # Any stuff that you need to do before you start building the wheels
 # Runs in the root directory of this repository.
-curl -fsSL -o pillow-depends-main.zip https://github.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/archive/main.zip
+if [[ ! -d $WORKDIR/pillow-depends-main ]]; then
-untar pillow-depends-main.zip
+  if [[ ! -f $PROJECTDIR/pillow-depends-main.zip ]]; then
-
+    echo "Download pillow dependency sources..."
-if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
+    curl -fSL -o $PROJECTDIR/pillow-depends-main.zip https://github.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/archive/main.zip
-  # libdeflate may cause a minimum target error when repairing the wheel
+  fi
-  # libtiff and libxcb cause a conflict with building libtiff and libxcb
+  echo "Unpacking pillow dependency sources..."
-  # libxau and libxdmcp cause an issue on macOS < 11
+  untar $PROJECTDIR/pillow-depends-main.zip
-  # remove cairo to fix building harfbuzz on arm64
-  # remove lcms2 and libpng to fix building openjpeg on arm64
-  # remove jpeg-turbo to avoid inclusion on arm64
-  # remove webp and zstd to avoid inclusion on x86_64
-  # curl from brew requires zstd, use system curl
-  brew remove --ignore-dependencies libpng libtiff libxcb libxau libxdmcp curl cairo lcms2 zstd
-  if [[ "$CIBW_ARCHS" == "arm64" ]]; then
-    brew remove --ignore-dependencies jpeg-turbo
-  else
-    brew remove --ignore-dependencies libdeflate webp
 fi
 
-  brew install pkg-config
+if [[ -n "$IS_MACOS" ]]; then
+    # Homebrew (or similar packaging environments) install can contain some of
+    # the libraries that we're going to build. However, they may be compiled
+    # with a MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET that doesn't match what we want to use,
+    # and they may bring in other dependencies that we don't want. The same will
+    # be true of any other locations on the path. To avoid conflicts, strip the
+    # path down to the bare minimum (which, on macOS, won't include any
+    # development dependencies).
+    export PATH="$BUILD_PREFIX/bin:$(dirname $(which python3)):/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin"
+    export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$BUILD_PREFIX
+
+    # Ensure the basic structure of the build prefix directory exists.
+    mkdir -p "$BUILD_PREFIX/bin"
+    mkdir -p "$BUILD_PREFIX/lib"
+
+    # Ensure pkg-config is available
+    build_pkg_config
+    # Ensure cmake is available
+    python3 -m pip install cmake
 fi
 
 wrap_wheel_builder build
 
+# Return to the project root to finish the build
+popd > /dev/null
+
 # Append licenses
 for filename in wheels/dependency_licenses/*; do
   echo -e "\n\n----\n\n$(basename $filename | cut -f 1 -d '.')\n" | cat >> LICENSE

.github/workflows/wheels-test.ps1

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ if ("$venv" -like "*\cibw-run-*\pp*-win_amd64\*") {
 $env:path += ";$pillow\winbuild\build\bin\"
 & "$venv\Scripts\activate.ps1"
 & reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\python.exe" /v "GlobalFlag" /t REG_SZ /d "0x02000000" /f
+if ("$venv" -like "*\cibw-run-*-win_amd64\*") {
+  & python -m pip install numpy
+}
 cd $pillow
 & python -VV
 if (!$?) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }

.github/workflows/wheels-test.sh

@@ -1,12 +1,24 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 set -e
 
+# Ensure fribidi is installed by the system.
 if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
-    brew install fribidi
+    # If Homebrew is on the path during the build, it may leak into the wheels.
-    export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openblas/lib/pkgconfig"
+    # However, we *do* need Homebrew to provide a copy of fribidi for
-    if [ -f /opt/homebrew/lib/libfribidi.dylib ]; then
+    # testing purposes so that we can verify the fribidi shim works as expected.
-        sudo cp /opt/homebrew/lib/libfribidi.dylib /usr/local/lib
+    if [[ "$(uname -m)" == "x86_64" ]]; then
+        HOMEBREW_PREFIX=/usr/local
+    else
+        HOMEBREW_PREFIX=/opt/homebrew
     fi
+    $HOMEBREW_PREFIX/bin/brew install fribidi
+
+    # Add the lib folder for fribidi so that the vendored library can be found.
+    # Don't use $HOMEWBREW_PREFIX/lib directly - use the lib folder where the
+    # installed copy of fribidi is cellared. This ensures we don't pick up the
+    # Homebrew version of any other library that we're dependent on (most notably,
+    # freetype).
+    export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(dirname $(realpath $HOMEBREW_PREFIX/lib/libfribidi.dylib))
 elif [ "${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}" == "musllinux" ]; then
     apk add curl fribidi
 else

.github/workflows/wheels.yml

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ on:
     paths:
       - ".ci/requirements-cibw.txt"
       - ".github/workflows/wheel*"
+      - "pyproject.toml"
       - "setup.py"
       - "wheels/*"
       - "winbuild/build_prepare.py"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ on:
     paths:
       - ".ci/requirements-cibw.txt"
       - ".github/workflows/wheel*"
+      - "pyproject.toml"
       - "setup.py"
       - "wheels/*"
       - "winbuild/build_prepare.py"
@@ -40,62 +42,7 @@ env:
   FORCE_COLOR: 1
 
 jobs:
-  build-1-QEMU-emulated-wheels:
+  build-native-wheels:
-    if: github.event_name != 'schedule'
-    name: aarch64 ${{ matrix.python-version }} ${{ matrix.spec }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        python-version:
-          - pp310
-          - cp3{9,10,11}
-          - cp3{12,13}
-        spec:
-          - manylinux2014
-          - manylinux_2_28
-          - musllinux
-        exclude:
-          - { python-version: pp310, spec: musllinux }
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-          submodules: true
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with:
-          python-version: "3.x"
-
-      # https://github.com/docker/setup-qemu-action
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-
-      - name: Install cibuildwheel
-        run: |
-          python3 -m pip install -r .ci/requirements-cibw.txt
-
-      - name: Build wheels
-        run: |
-          python3 -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
-        env:
-          # Build only the currently selected Linux architecture (so we can
-          # parallelise for speed).
-          CIBW_ARCHS: "aarch64"
-          # Likewise, select only one Python version per job to speed this up.
-          CIBW_BUILD: "${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.spec == 'musllinux' && 'musllinux' || 'manylinux' }}*"
-          CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS: True
-          # Extra options for manylinux.
-          CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.spec }}
-          CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.spec }}
-
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: dist-qemu-${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.spec }}
-          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
-
-  build-2-native-wheels:
     if: github.event_name != 'schedule' || github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow'
     name: ${{ matrix.name }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -130,6 +77,14 @@ jobs:
             cibw_arch: x86_64
             build: "*manylinux*"
             manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
+          - name: "manylinux2014 and musllinux aarch64"
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            cibw_arch: aarch64
+          - name: "manylinux_2_28 aarch64"
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            cibw_arch: aarch64
+            build: "*manylinux*"
+            manylinux: "manylinux_2_28"
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -150,10 +105,11 @@ jobs:
         env:
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
           CIBW_BUILD: ${{ matrix.build }}
-          CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT: True
+          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading pypy
+          CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
+          CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
-          CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS: True
           CIBW_SKIP: pp39-*
           MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: ${{ matrix.macosx_deployment_target }}
 
@@ -228,8 +184,7 @@ jobs:
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
           CIBW_BEFORE_ALL: "{package}\\winbuild\\build\\build_dep_all.cmd"
           CIBW_CACHE_PATH: "C:\\cibw"
-          CIBW_FREE_THREADED_SUPPORT: True
+          CIBW_ENABLE: cpython-prerelease cpython-freethreading pypy
-          CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS: True
           CIBW_SKIP: pp39-*
           CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*-win_arm64"
           CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: 'docker run --rm
@@ -265,8 +220,6 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"
-        cache: pip
-        cache-dependency-path: "Makefile"
 
     - run: make sdist
 
@@ -277,7 +230,7 @@ jobs:
 
   scientific-python-nightly-wheels-publish:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow' && (github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch')
-    needs: [build-2-native-wheels, windows]
+    needs: [build-native-wheels, windows]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Upload wheels to scientific-python-nightly-wheels
     steps:
@@ -294,7 +247,7 @@ jobs:
 
   pypi-publish:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'python-pillow' && github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags')
-    needs: [build-1-QEMU-emulated-wheels, build-2-native-wheels, windows, sdist]
+    needs: [build-native-wheels, windows, sdist]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Upload release to PyPI
     environment:

.gitignore

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ lib64/
 parts/
 sdist/
 var/
+wheelhouse/
 *.egg-info/
 .installed.cfg
 *.egg
@@ -90,5 +91,9 @@ Tests/images/msp
 Tests/images/picins
 Tests/images/sunraster
 
+# Test and dependency downloads
+pillow-depends-main.zip
+pillow-test-images.zip
+
 # pyinstaller
 *.spec

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.7.2
+    rev: v0.8.6
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ repos:
       - id: black
 
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit
-    rev: 1.7.10
+    rev: 1.8.0
     hooks:
     - id: bandit
       args: [--severity-level=high]
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ repos:
         exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.gd$|\.opt$)
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: v19.1.3
+    rev: v19.1.6
     hooks:
       - id: clang-format
         types: [c]
@@ -50,12 +50,17 @@ repos:
         exclude: ^.github/.*TEMPLATE|^Tests/(fonts|images)/
 
   - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-    rev: 0.29.4
+    rev: 0.30.0
     hooks:
       - id: check-github-workflows
       - id: check-readthedocs
       - id: check-renovate
 
+  - repo: https://github.com/woodruffw/zizmor-pre-commit
+    rev: v1.0.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: zizmor
+
   - repo: https://github.com/sphinx-contrib/sphinx-lint
     rev: v1.0.0
     hooks:
@@ -67,7 +72,7 @@ repos:
       - id: pyproject-fmt
 
   - repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
-    rev: v0.22
+    rev: v0.23
     hooks:
       - id: validate-pyproject
         additional_dependencies: [trove-classifiers>=2024.10.12]

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 version: 2
 
+sphinx:
+  configuration: docs/conf.py
+
 formats: [pdf]
 
 build:

CHANGES.rst

@@ -2,20 +2,12 @@
 Changelog (Pillow)
 ==================
 
-11.1.0 (unreleased)
+11.1.0 and newer
--------------------
+----------------
 
-- Detach PyQt6 QPixmap instance before returning #8509
+See GitHub Releases:
-  [radarhere]
 
-- Corrected EMF DPI #8485
+- https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases
-  [radarhere]
-
-- Fix IFDRational with a zero denominator #8474
-  [radarhere]
-
-- Fixed disabling a feature during install #8469
-  [radarhere]
 
 11.0.0 (2024-10-15)
 -------------------

LICENSE

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ The Python Imaging Library (PIL) is
 
 Pillow is the friendly PIL fork. It is
 
-    Copyright © 2010-2024 by Jeffrey A. Clark and contributors
+    Copyright © 2010 by Jeffrey A. Clark and contributors
 
 Like PIL, Pillow is licensed under the open source MIT-CMU License:
 

MANIFEST.in

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ graft docs
 graft _custom_build
 
 # build/src control detritus
-exclude .appveyor.yml
 exclude .clang-format
 exclude .coveragerc
 exclude .editorconfig

README.md

@@ -42,9 +42,6 @@ As of 2019, Pillow development is
             <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-docker.yml"><img
                 alt="GitHub Actions build status (Test Docker)"
                 src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Test%20Docker/badge.svg"></a>
-            <a href="https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow"><img
-                alt="AppVeyor CI build status (Windows)"
-                src="https://img.shields.io/appveyor/build/python-pillow/Pillow/main.svg?label=Windows%20build"></a>
             <a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml"><img
                 alt="GitHub Actions build status (Wheels)"
                 src="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Wheels/badge.svg"></a>
@@ -107,7 +104,7 @@ The core image library is designed for fast access to data stored in a few basic
   - [Issues](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues)
   - [Pull requests](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pulls)
 - [Release notes](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/index.html)
-- [Changelog](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/CHANGES.rst)
+- [Changelog](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases)
   - [Pre-fork](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/CHANGES.rst#pre-fork)
 
 ## Report a Vulnerability

RELEASING.md

@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@ Released quarterly on January 2nd, April 1st, July 1st and October 15th.
 
 * [ ] Open a release ticket e.g. https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/3154
 * [ ] Develop and prepare release in `main` branch.
-* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow) to confirm passing tests in `main` branch.
+* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) to confirm passing tests in `main` branch.
 * [ ] Check that all the wheel builds pass the tests in the [GitHub Actions "Wheels" workflow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml) jobs by manually triggering them.
 * [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/), update version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
-* [ ] Update `CHANGES.rst`.
 * [ ] Run pre-release check via `make release-test` in a freshly cloned repo.
 * [ ] Create branch and tag for release e.g.:
   ```bash
@@ -34,13 +33,12 @@ Released quarterly on January 2nd, April 1st, July 1st and October 15th.
 Released as needed for security, installation or critical bug fixes.
 
 * [ ] Make necessary changes in `main` branch.
-* [ ] Update `CHANGES.rst`.
 * [ ] Check out release branch e.g.:
   ```bash
   git checkout -t remotes/origin/5.2.x
   ```
 * [ ] Cherry pick individual commits from `main` branch to release branch e.g. `5.2.x`, then `git push`.
-* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow) to confirm passing tests in release branch e.g. `5.2.x`.
+* [ ] Check [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions) to confirm passing tests in release branch e.g. `5.2.x`.
 * [ ] In compliance with [PEP 440](https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/), update version identifier in `src/PIL/_version.py`
 * [ ] Run pre-release check via `make release-test`.
 * [ ] Create tag for release e.g.:

Tests/check_wheel.py

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ def test_wheel_features() -> None:
         "fribidi",
         "harfbuzz",
         "libjpeg_turbo",
+        "zlib_ng",
         "xcb",
     }
 

Tests/helper.py

@@ -140,18 +140,11 @@ def assert_image_similar_tofile(
     filename: str,
     epsilon: float,
     msg: str | None = None,
-    mode: str | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     with Image.open(filename) as img:
-        if mode:
-            img = img.convert(mode)
         assert_image_similar(a, img, epsilon, msg)
 
 
-def assert_all_same(items: Sequence[Any], msg: str | None = None) -> None:
-    assert items.count(items[0]) == len(items), msg
-
-
 def assert_not_all_same(items: Sequence[Any], msg: str | None = None) -> None:
     assert items.count(items[0]) != len(items), msg
 
@@ -327,16 +320,7 @@ def magick_command() -> list[str] | None:
     return None
 
 
-def on_appveyor() -> bool:
-    return "APPVEYOR" in os.environ
-
-
-def on_github_actions() -> bool:
-    return "GITHUB_ACTIONS" in os.environ
-
-
 def on_ci() -> bool:
-    # GitHub Actions and AppVeyor have "CI"
     return "CI" in os.environ
 
 

Tests/oss-fuzz/test_fuzzers.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import fuzzers
 import packaging
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image, UnidentifiedImageError, features
+from PIL import Image, features
 from Tests.helper import skip_unless_feature
 
 if sys.platform.startswith("win32"):
@@ -32,21 +32,17 @@ def test_fuzz_images(path: str) -> None:
             fuzzers.fuzz_image(f.read())
             assert True
     except (
+        # Known exceptions from Pillow
         OSError,
         SyntaxError,
         MemoryError,
         ValueError,
         NotImplementedError,
         OverflowError,
-    ):
+        # Known Image.* exceptions
-        # Known exceptions that are through from Pillow
-        assert True
-    except (
         Image.DecompressionBombError,
         Image.DecompressionBombWarning,
-        UnidentifiedImageError,
     ):
-        # Known Image.* exceptions
         assert True
     finally:
         fuzzers.disable_decompressionbomb_error()

Tests/test_color_lut.py

@@ -388,10 +388,12 @@ class TestColorLut3DFilter:
 
         table = numpy.ones((7 * 6 * 5, 3), dtype=numpy.float16)
         lut = ImageFilter.Color3DLUT((5, 6, 7), table)
+        assert isinstance(lut.table, numpy.ndarray)
         assert lut.table.shape == (table.size,)
 
         table = numpy.ones((7 * 6 * 5 * 3), dtype=numpy.float16)
         lut = ImageFilter.Color3DLUT((5, 6, 7), table)
+        assert isinstance(lut.table, numpy.ndarray)
         assert lut.table.shape == (table.size,)
 
         # Check application

Tests/test_features.py

@@ -36,9 +36,10 @@ def test_version() -> None:
         else:
             assert function(name) == version
             if name != "PIL":
-                if name == "zlib" and version is not None:
+                if version is not None:
+                    if name == "zlib" and features.check_feature("zlib_ng"):
                         version = re.sub(".zlib-ng$", "", version)
-                elif name == "libtiff" and version is not None:
+                    elif name == "libtiff":
                         version = re.sub("t$", "", version)
                 assert version is None or re.search(r"\d+(\.\d+)*$", version)
 

Tests/test_file_apng.py

@@ -307,13 +307,8 @@ def test_apng_syntax_errors() -> None:
             im.load()
 
     # we can handle this case gracefully
-    exception = None
     with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_low.png") as im:
-        try:
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
-        except Exception as e:
-            exception = e
-        assert exception is None
 
     with pytest.raises(OSError):
         with Image.open("Tests/images/apng/syntax_num_frames_high.png") as im:
@@ -405,13 +400,8 @@ def test_apng_save_split_fdat(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             append_images=frames,
         )
     with Image.open(test_file) as im:
-        exception = None
-        try:
         im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
         im.load()
-        except Exception as e:
-            exception = e
-        assert exception is None
 
 
 def test_apng_save_duration_loop(tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_blp.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image
+from PIL import BlpImagePlugin, Image
 
 from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal,
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ def test_load_blp1() -> None:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/blp/blp1_jpeg.png")
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/blp/blp1_jpeg2.blp") as im:
+        assert im.mode == "RGBA"
         im.load()
 
 
@@ -37,6 +38,13 @@ def test_load_blp2_dxt1a() -> None:
         assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/blp/blp2_dxt1a.png")
 
 
+def test_invalid_file() -> None:
+    invalid_file = "Tests/images/flower.jpg"
+
+    with pytest.raises(BlpImagePlugin.BLPFormatError):
+        BlpImagePlugin.BlpImageFile(invalid_file)
+
+
 def test_save(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     f = str(tmp_path / "temp.blp")
 

Tests/test_file_bufrstub.py

@@ -83,4 +83,4 @@ def test_handler(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im.save(temp_file)
         assert handler.saved
 
-    BufrStubImagePlugin._handler = None
+    BufrStubImagePlugin.register_handler(None)

Tests/test_file_container.py

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ import pytest
 
 from PIL import ContainerIO, Image
 
-from .helper import hopper
-
 TEST_FILE = "Tests/images/dummy.container"
 
 
@@ -15,15 +13,15 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
 
 def test_isatty() -> None:
-    with hopper() as im:
+    with open(TEST_FILE, "rb") as fh:
-        container = ContainerIO.ContainerIO(im, 0, 0)
+        container = ContainerIO.ContainerIO(fh, 0, 0)
 
     assert container.isatty() is False
 
 
 def test_seekable() -> None:
-    with hopper() as im:
+    with open(TEST_FILE, "rb") as fh:
-        container = ContainerIO.ContainerIO(im, 0, 0)
+        container = ContainerIO.ContainerIO(fh, 0, 0)
 
     assert container.seekable() is True
 

Tests/test_file_gif.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import warnings
 from collections.abc import Generator
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -1435,7 +1436,8 @@ def test_saving_rgba(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         assert reloaded_rgba.load()[0, 0][3] == 0
 
 
-def test_optimizing_p_rgba(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("params", ({}, {"disposal": 2, "optimize": False}))
+def test_p_rgba(tmp_path: Path, params: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
 
     im1 = Image.new("P", (100, 100))
@@ -1447,7 +1449,7 @@ def test_optimizing_p_rgba(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     im2 = Image.new("P", (100, 100))
     im2.putpalette(data, "RGBA")
 
-    im1.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=[im2])
+    im1.save(out, save_all=True, append_images=[im2], **params)
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
         assert reloaded.n_frames == 2

Tests/test_file_gribstub.py

@@ -83,4 +83,4 @@ def test_handler(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im.save(temp_file)
         assert handler.saved
 
-    GribStubImagePlugin._handler = None
+    GribStubImagePlugin.register_handler(None)

Tests/test_file_hdf5stub.py

@@ -85,4 +85,4 @@ def test_handler(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im.save(temp_file)
         assert handler.saved
 
-    Hdf5StubImagePlugin._handler = None
+    Hdf5StubImagePlugin.register_handler(None)

Tests/test_file_ico.py

@@ -253,7 +253,6 @@ def test_truncated_mask() -> None:
 
     try:
         with Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)) as im:
-            with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper_mask.png") as expected:
             assert im.mode == "1"
 
         # 32 bpp

Tests/test_file_iptc.py

@@ -58,10 +58,7 @@ def test_getiptcinfo_fotostation() -> None:
 
     # Assert
     assert iptc is not None
-    for tag in iptc.keys():
+    assert 240 in (tag[0] for tag in iptc.keys()), "FotoStation tag not found"
-        if tag[0] == 240:
-            return
-    pytest.fail("FotoStation tag not found")
 
 
 def test_getiptcinfo_zero_padding() -> None:

Tests/test_file_jpeg.py

@@ -181,6 +181,10 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         assert test(100, 200) == (100, 200)
         assert test(0) is None  # square pixels
 
+    def test_dpi_jfif_cm(self) -> None:
+        with Image.open("Tests/images/jfif_unit_cm.jpg") as im:
+            assert im.info["dpi"] == (2.54, 5.08)
+
     @mark_if_feature_version(
         pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
     )
@@ -277,6 +281,9 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         assert not im2.info.get("progressive")
         assert im3.info.get("progressive")
 
+        if features.check_feature("mozjpeg"):
+            assert_image_similar(im1, im3, 9.39)
+        else:
             assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
         assert im1_bytes >= im3_bytes
 
@@ -349,7 +356,6 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             assert exif.get_ifd(0x8825) == {}
 
             transposed = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
-        assert transposed is not None
         exif = transposed.getexif()
         assert exif.get_ifd(0x8825) == {}
 
@@ -420,6 +426,10 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
         im2 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progressive=1)
         im3 = self.roundtrip(hopper(), progression=1)  # compatibility
+        if features.check_feature("mozjpeg"):
+            assert_image_similar(im1, im2, 9.39)
+            assert_image_similar(im1, im3, 9.39)
+        else:
             assert_image_equal(im1, im2)
             assert_image_equal(im1, im3)
         assert im2.info.get("progressive")
@@ -1000,8 +1010,13 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         with Image.open(f) as reloaded:
             assert reloaded.info["xmp"] == b"XMP test"
 
-        im.info["xmp"] = b"1" * 65504
+            # Check that XMP is not saved from image info
-        im.save(f)
+            reloaded.save(f)
+
+        with Image.open(f) as reloaded:
+            assert "xmp" not in reloaded.info
+
+        im.save(f, xmp=b"1" * 65504)
         with Image.open(f) as reloaded:
             assert reloaded.info["xmp"] == b"1" * 65504
 
@@ -1022,7 +1037,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
         with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             im.tile = [
-                ("INFINITE", (0, 0, 128, 128), 0, ("RGB", 0, 1)),
+                ImageFile._Tile("INFINITE", (0, 0, 128, 128), 0, ("RGB", 0, 1)),
             ]
             ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
             im.load()

Tests/test_file_jpeg2k.py

@@ -325,6 +325,18 @@ def test_cmyk() -> None:
         assert im.getpixel((0, 0)) == (185, 134, 0, 0)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not os.path.exists(EXTRA_DIR), reason="Extra image files not installed"
+)
+@skip_unless_feature_version("jpg_2000", "2.5.3")
+def test_cmyk_save() -> None:
+    with Image.open(f"{EXTRA_DIR}/issue205.jp2") as jp2:
+        assert jp2.mode == "CMYK"
+
+        im = roundtrip(jp2)
+        assert_image_equal(im, jp2)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("ext", (".j2k", ".jp2"))
 def test_16bit_monochrome_has_correct_mode(ext: str) -> None:
     with Image.open("Tests/images/16bit.cropped" + ext) as im:
@@ -424,7 +436,8 @@ def test_pclr() -> None:
 
 
 def test_comment() -> None:
-    with Image.open("Tests/images/comment.jp2") as im:
+    for path in ("Tests/images/9bit.j2k", "Tests/images/comment.jp2"):
+        with Image.open(path) as im:
             assert im.info["comment"] == b"Created by OpenJPEG version 2.5.0"
 
     # Test an image that is truncated partway through a codestream
@@ -479,8 +492,7 @@ def test_plt_marker(card: ImageFile.ImageFile) -> None:
     out.seek(0)
     while True:
         marker = out.read(2)
-        if not marker:
+        assert marker, "End of stream without PLT"
-            pytest.fail("End of stream without PLT")
 
         jp2_boxid = _binary.i16be(marker)
         if jp2_boxid == 0xFF4F:

Tests/test_file_libtiff.py

@@ -36,11 +36,7 @@ class LibTiffTestCase:
         im.load()
         im.getdata()
 
-        try:
         assert im._compression == "group4"
-        except AttributeError:
-            print("No _compression")
-            print(dir(im))
 
         # can we write it back out, in a different form.
         out = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
@@ -1098,6 +1094,25 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
 
                     assert_image_similar(base_im, im, 0.7)
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "test_file",
+        [
+            "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression-no-samplesperpixel.tif",
+            "Tests/images/old-style-jpeg-compression.tif",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_buffering(self, test_file: str) -> None:
+        # load exif first
+        with Image.open(open(test_file, "rb", buffering=1048576)) as im:
+            exif = dict(im.getexif())
+
+        # load image before exif
+        with Image.open(open(test_file, "rb", buffering=1048576)) as im2:
+            im2.load()
+            exif_after_load = dict(im2.getexif())
+
+        assert exif == exif_after_load
+
     @pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error(reason="Backtrace in Python Core")
     def test_sampleformat_not_corrupted(self) -> None:
         # Assert that a TIFF image with SampleFormat=UINT tag is not corrupted
@@ -1127,7 +1142,7 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
                 im.load()
 
             # Assert that the error code is IMAGING_CODEC_MEMORY
-            assert str(e.value) == "-9"
+            assert str(e.value) == "decoder error -9"
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("compression", ("tiff_adobe_deflate", "jpeg"))
     def test_save_multistrip(self, compression: str, tmp_path: Path) -> None:

Tests/test_file_mpo.py

@@ -297,3 +297,15 @@ def test_save_all() -> None:
     # Test that a single frame image will not be saved as an MPO
     jpg = roundtrip(im, save_all=True)
     assert "mp" not in jpg.info
+
+
+def test_save_xmp() -> None:
+    im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
+    im2 = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1), "#f00")
+    im2.encoderinfo = {"xmp": b"Second frame"}
+    im_reloaded = roundtrip(im, xmp=b"First frame", save_all=True, append_images=[im2])
+
+    assert im_reloaded.info["xmp"] == b"First frame"
+
+    im_reloaded.seek(1)
+    assert im_reloaded.info["xmp"] == b"Second frame"

Tests/test_file_png.py

@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ class TestFilePng:
         with Image.open("Tests/images/truncated_image.png") as im:
             # The file is truncated
             with pytest.raises(OSError):
-                im.text()
+                im.text
             ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
             assert isinstance(im.text, dict)
             ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = False
@@ -772,22 +772,18 @@ class TestFilePng:
                 im.seek(1)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("buffer", (True, False))
-    def test_save_stdout(self, buffer: bool) -> None:
+    def test_save_stdout(self, buffer: bool, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-        old_stdout = sys.stdout
 
         class MyStdOut:
             buffer = BytesIO()
 
         mystdout: MyStdOut | BytesIO = MyStdOut() if buffer else BytesIO()
 
-        sys.stdout = mystdout
+        monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", mystdout)
 
         with Image.open(TEST_PNG_FILE) as im:
             im.save(sys.stdout, "PNG")
 
-        # Reset stdout
-        sys.stdout = old_stdout
-
         if isinstance(mystdout, MyStdOut):
             mystdout = mystdout.buffer
         with Image.open(mystdout) as reloaded:

Tests/test_file_ppm.py

@@ -367,22 +367,18 @@ def test_mimetypes(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("buffer", (True, False))
-def test_save_stdout(buffer: bool) -> None:
+def test_save_stdout(buffer: bool, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-    old_stdout = sys.stdout
 
     class MyStdOut:
         buffer = BytesIO()
 
     mystdout: MyStdOut | BytesIO = MyStdOut() if buffer else BytesIO()
 
-    sys.stdout = mystdout
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, "stdout", mystdout)
 
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
         im.save(sys.stdout, "PPM")
 
-    # Reset stdout
-    sys.stdout = old_stdout
-
     if isinstance(mystdout, MyStdOut):
         mystdout = mystdout.buffer
     with Image.open(mystdout) as reloaded:

Tests/test_file_spider.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image, ImageSequence, SpiderImagePlugin
+from PIL import Image, SpiderImagePlugin
 
 from .helper import assert_image_equal, hopper, is_pypy
 
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ def test_nonstack_file() -> None:
 
 def test_nonstack_dos() -> None:
     with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
-        for i, frame in enumerate(ImageSequence.Iterator(im)):
+        with pytest.raises(EOFError):
-            assert i <= 1, "Non-stack DOS file test failed"
+            im.seek(0)
 
 
 # for issue #4093

Tests/test_file_tiff.py

@@ -115,6 +115,19 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
             im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im], tiffinfo=im.tag_v2)
 
+    def test_bigtiff_save(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        outfile = str(tmp_path / "temp.tif")
+        im = hopper()
+        im.save(outfile, big_tiff=True)
+
+        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.tag_v2._bigtiff is True
+
+        im.save(outfile, save_all=True, append_images=[im], big_tiff=True)
+
+        with Image.open(outfile) as reloaded:
+            assert reloaded.tag_v2._bigtiff is True
+
     def test_seek_too_large(self) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unable to seek to frame"):
             Image.open("Tests/images/seek_too_large.tif")
@@ -733,7 +746,7 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             assert reread.n_frames == 3
 
     def test_fixoffsets(self) -> None:
-        b = BytesIO(b"II\x2a\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00")
+        b = BytesIO(b"II\x2A\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00")
         with TiffImagePlugin.AppendingTiffWriter(b) as a:
             b.seek(0)
             a.fixOffsets(1, isShort=True)
@@ -746,6 +759,37 @@ class TestFileTiff:
             with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
                 a.fixOffsets(1)
 
+        b = BytesIO(b"II\x2A\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00")
+        with TiffImagePlugin.AppendingTiffWriter(b) as a:
+            a.offsetOfNewPage = 2**16
+
+            b.seek(0)
+            a.fixOffsets(1, isShort=True)
+
+        b = BytesIO(b"II\x2B\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00")
+        with TiffImagePlugin.AppendingTiffWriter(b) as a:
+            a.offsetOfNewPage = 2**32
+
+            b.seek(0)
+            a.fixOffsets(1, isShort=True)
+
+            b.seek(0)
+            a.fixOffsets(1, isLong=True)
+
+    def test_appending_tiff_writer_writelong(self) -> None:
+        data = b"II\x2A\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+        b = BytesIO(data)
+        with TiffImagePlugin.AppendingTiffWriter(b) as a:
+            a.writeLong(2**32 - 1)
+            assert b.getvalue() == data + b"\xff\xff\xff\xff"
+
+    def test_appending_tiff_writer_rewritelastshorttolong(self) -> None:
+        data = b"II\x2A\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+        b = BytesIO(data)
+        with TiffImagePlugin.AppendingTiffWriter(b) as a:
+            a.rewriteLastShortToLong(2**32 - 1)
+            assert b.getvalue() == data[:-2] + b"\xff\xff\xff\xff"
+
     def test_saving_icc_profile(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         # Tests saving TIFF with icc_profile set.
         # At the time of writing this will only work for non-compressed tiffs

Tests/test_file_wmf.py

@@ -35,6 +35,13 @@ def test_load() -> None:
             assert im.load()[0, 0] == (255, 255, 255)
 
 
+def test_load_zero_inch() -> None:
+    b = BytesIO(b"\xd7\xcd\xc6\x9a\x00\x00" + b"\x00" * 10)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        with Image.open(b):
+            pass
+
+
 def test_register_handler(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     class TestHandler(ImageFile.StubHandler):
         methodCalled = False

Tests/test_image.py

@@ -189,8 +189,6 @@ class TestImage:
                 if ext == ".jp2" and not features.check_codec("jpg_2000"):
                     pytest.skip("jpg_2000 not available")
                 temp_file = str(tmp_path / ("temp." + ext))
-                if os.path.exists(temp_file):
-                    os.remove(temp_file)
                 im.save(Path(temp_file))
 
     def test_fp_name(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -667,7 +665,7 @@ class TestImage:
         # Test illegal image mode
         with hopper() as im:
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                im.remap_palette(None)
+                im.remap_palette([])
 
     def test_remap_palette_transparency(self) -> None:
         im = Image.new("P", (1, 2), (0, 0, 0))
@@ -770,7 +768,7 @@ class TestImage:
         assert dict(exif)
 
         # Test that exif data is cleared after another load
-        exif.load(None)
+        exif.load(b"")
         assert not dict(exif)
 
         # Test loading just the EXIF header
@@ -793,6 +791,10 @@ class TestImage:
         ifd[36864] = b"0220"
         assert exif.get_ifd(0x8769) == {36864: b"0220"}
 
+        reloaded_exif = Image.Exif()
+        reloaded_exif.load(exif.tobytes())
+        assert reloaded_exif.get_ifd(0x8769) == {36864: b"0220"}
+
     @mark_if_feature_version(
         pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error, "libjpeg_turbo", "2.0", reason="Known Failing"
     )
@@ -987,6 +989,11 @@ class TestImage:
         else:
             assert im.getxmp() == {"xmpmeta": None}
 
+    def test_get_child_images(self) -> None:
+        im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1))
+        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+            assert im.get_child_images() == []
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", ((1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0)))
     def test_zero_tobytes(self, size: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
         im = Image.new("RGB", size)

Tests/test_image_access.py

@@ -271,13 +271,25 @@ class TestImagePutPixelError:
 
 
 class TestEmbeddable:
-    @pytest.mark.xfail(reason="failing test")
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(not (sys.version_info >= (3, 13)), reason="failing test")
     @pytest.mark.skipif(not is_win32(), reason="requires Windows")
     def test_embeddable(self) -> None:
         import ctypes
 
         from setuptools.command import build_ext
 
+        compiler = getattr(build_ext, "new_compiler")()
+        compiler.add_include_dir(sysconfig.get_config_var("INCLUDEPY"))
+
+        libdir = sysconfig.get_config_var("LIBDIR") or sysconfig.get_config_var(
+            "INCLUDEPY"
+        ).replace("include", "libs")
+        compiler.add_library_dir(libdir)
+        try:
+            compiler.initialize()
+        except Exception:
+            pytest.skip("Compiler could not be initialized")
+
         with open("embed_pil.c", "w", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
             home = sys.prefix.replace("\\", "\\\\")
             fh.write(
@@ -305,13 +317,6 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
         """
             )
 
-        compiler = getattr(build_ext, "new_compiler")()
-        compiler.add_include_dir(sysconfig.get_config_var("INCLUDEPY"))
-
-        libdir = sysconfig.get_config_var("LIBDIR") or sysconfig.get_config_var(
-            "INCLUDEPY"
-        ).replace("include", "libs")
-        compiler.add_library_dir(libdir)
         objects = compiler.compile(["embed_pil.c"])
         compiler.link_executable(objects, "embed_pil")
 

Tests/test_image_resize.py

@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ class TestImageResize:
         # Test unknown resampling filter
         with hopper() as im:
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                im.resize((10, 10), "unknown")
+                im.resize((10, 10), -1)
 
     @skip_unless_feature("libtiff")
     def test_transposed(self) -> None:

Tests/test_image_thumbnail.py

@@ -104,20 +104,20 @@ def test_transposed() -> None:
         assert im.size == (590, 88)
 
 
-def test_load_first_unless_jpeg() -> None:
+def test_load_first_unless_jpeg(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     # Test that thumbnail() still uses draft() for JPEG
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.jpg") as im:
-        draft = im.draft
+        original_draft = im.draft
 
         def im_draft(
-            mode: str, size: tuple[int, int]
+            mode: str | None, size: tuple[int, int] | None
         ) -> tuple[str, tuple[int, int, float, float]] | None:
-            result = draft(mode, size)
+            result = original_draft(mode, size)
             assert result is not None
 
             return result
 
-        im.draft = im_draft
+        monkeypatch.setattr(im, "draft", im_draft)
 
         im.thumbnail((64, 64))
 

Tests/test_imagedraw.py

@@ -1674,6 +1674,9 @@ def test_continuous_horizontal_edges_polygon() -> None:
 def test_discontiguous_corners_polygon() -> None:
     img, draw = create_base_image_draw((84, 68))
     draw.polygon(((1, 21), (34, 4), (71, 1), (38, 18)), BLACK)
+    draw.polygon(
+        ((82, 29), (82, 26), (82, 24), (67, 22), (52, 29), (52, 15), (67, 22)), BLACK
+    )
     draw.polygon(((71, 44), (38, 27), (1, 24)), BLACK)
     draw.polygon(
         ((38, 66), (5, 49), (77, 49), (47, 66), (82, 63), (82, 47), (1, 47), (1, 63)),

Tests/test_imagefile.py

@@ -93,6 +93,19 @@ class TestImageFile:
             assert p.image is not None
             assert (48, 48) == p.image.size
 
+    @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:Corrupt EXIF data")
+    def test_incremental_tiff(self) -> None:
+        with ImageFile.Parser() as p:
+            with open("Tests/images/hopper.tif", "rb") as f:
+                p.feed(f.read(1024))
+
+                # Check that insufficient data was given in the first feed
+                assert not p.image
+
+                p.feed(f.read())
+            assert p.image is not None
+            assert (128, 128) == p.image.size
+
     @skip_unless_feature("webp")
     def test_incremental_webp(self) -> None:
         with ImageFile.Parser() as p:

Tests/test_imageops.py

@@ -405,7 +405,6 @@ def test_exif_transpose() -> None:
                     else:
                         original_exif = im.info["exif"]
                     transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
-                    assert transposed_im is not None
                     assert_image_similar(base_im, transposed_im, 17)
                     if orientation_im is base_im:
                         assert "exif" not in im.info
@@ -417,7 +416,6 @@ def test_exif_transpose() -> None:
 
                     # Repeat the operation to test that it does not keep transposing
                     transposed_im2 = ImageOps.exif_transpose(transposed_im)
-                    assert transposed_im2 is not None
                     assert_image_equal(transposed_im2, transposed_im)
 
             check(base_im)
@@ -433,7 +431,6 @@ def test_exif_transpose() -> None:
             assert im.getexif()[0x0112] == 3
 
             transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
-            assert transposed_im is not None
             assert 0x0112 not in transposed_im.getexif()
 
             transposed_im._reload_exif()
@@ -446,14 +443,12 @@ def test_exif_transpose() -> None:
         assert im.getexif()[0x0112] == 3
 
         transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
-        assert transposed_im is not None
         assert 0x0112 not in transposed_im.getexif()
 
     # Orientation set directly on Image.Exif
     im = hopper()
     im.getexif()[0x0112] = 3
     transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
-    assert transposed_im is not None
     assert 0x0112 not in transposed_im.getexif()
 
 
@@ -464,7 +459,6 @@ def test_exif_transpose_xml_without_xmp() -> None:
 
         del im.info["xmp"]
         transposed_im = ImageOps.exif_transpose(im)
-        assert transposed_im is not None
         assert 0x0112 not in transposed_im.getexif()
 
 

Tests/test_pickle.py

@@ -74,6 +74,17 @@ def test_pickle_image(
     helper_pickle_file(tmp_path, protocol, test_file, test_mode)
 
 
+def test_pickle_jpeg() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.jpg") as image:
+        # Act: roundtrip
+        unpickled_image = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(image))
+
+    # Assert
+    assert len(unpickled_image.layer) == 3
+    assert unpickled_image.layers == 3
+
+
 def test_pickle_la_mode_with_palette(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # Arrange
     filename = str(tmp_path / "temp.pkl")

codecov.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Documentation: https://docs.codecov.com/docs/codecov-yaml
 
 codecov:
-  # Avoid "Missing base report" due to committing CHANGES.rst with "[CI skip]"
+  # Avoid "Missing base report" due to committing with "[CI skip]"
   # https://github.com/codecov/support/issues/363
   # https://docs.codecov.com/docs/comparing-commits
   allow_coverage_offsets: true

depends/install_openjpeg.sh

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # install openjpeg
 
-archive=openjpeg-2.5.2
+archive=openjpeg-2.5.3
 
 ./download-and-extract.sh $archive https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/main/$archive.tar.gz
 

depends/install_webp.sh

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # install webp
 
-archive=libwebp-1.4.0
+archive=libwebp-1.5.0
 
 ./download-and-extract.sh $archive https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-pillow/pillow-depends/main/$archive.tar.gz
 

docs/COPYING

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ The Python Imaging Library (PIL) is
 
 Pillow is the friendly PIL fork. It is
 
-    Copyright © 2010-2024 by Jeffrey A. Clark and contributors
+    Copyright © 2010 by Jeffrey A. Clark and contributors
 
 Like PIL, Pillow is licensed under the open source PIL
 Software License:

docs/about.rst

@@ -6,12 +6,11 @@ Goals
 
 The fork author's goal is to foster and support active development of PIL through:
 
-- Continuous integration testing via `GitHub Actions`_ and `AppVeyor`_
+- Continuous integration testing via `GitHub Actions`_
 - Publicized development activity on `GitHub`_
 - Regular releases to the `Python Package Index`_
 
 .. _GitHub Actions: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions
-.. _AppVeyor: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/Python-pillow/pillow
 .. _GitHub: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow
 .. _Python Package Index: https://pypi.org/project/pillow/
 

docs/conf.py

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ master_doc = "index"
 project = "Pillow (PIL Fork)"
 copyright = (
     "1995-2011 Fredrik Lundh and contributors, "
-    "2010-2024 Jeffrey A. Clark and contributors."
+    "2010 Jeffrey A. Clark and contributors."
 )
 author = "Fredrik Lundh (PIL), Jeffrey A. Clark (Pillow)"
 

docs/deprecations.rst

@@ -175,6 +175,24 @@ deprecated and will be removed in Pillow 12 (2025-10-15). They were used for obt
 raw pointers to ``ImagingCore`` internals. To interact with C code, you can use
 ``Image.Image.getim()``, which returns a ``Capsule`` object.
 
+ExifTags.IFD.Makernote
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.1.0
+
+``ExifTags.IFD.Makernote`` has been deprecated. Instead, use
+``ExifTags.IFD.MakerNote``.
+
+Image.Image.get_child_images()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.2.0
+
+``Image.Image.get_child_images()`` has been deprecated. and will be removed in Pillow
+13 (2026-10-15). It will be moved to ``ImageFile.ImageFile.get_child_images()``. The
+method uses an image's file pointer, and so child images could only be retrieved from
+an :py:class:`PIL.ImageFile.ImageFile` instance.
+
 Removed features
 ----------------
 

docs/handbook/image-file-formats.rst

@@ -572,10 +572,19 @@ JPEG 2000
 Pillow reads and writes JPEG 2000 files containing ``L``, ``LA``, ``RGB``,
 ``RGBA``, or ``YCbCr`` data.  When reading, ``YCbCr`` data is converted to
 ``RGB`` or ``RGBA`` depending on whether or not there is an alpha channel.
-Beginning with version 8.3.0, Pillow can read (but not write) ``RGB``,
+
-``RGBA``, and ``YCbCr`` images with subsampled components.  Pillow supports
+.. versionadded:: 8.3.0
-JPEG 2000 raw codestreams (``.j2k`` files), as well as boxed JPEG 2000 files
+   Pillow can read (but not write) ``RGB``, ``RGBA``, and ``YCbCr`` images with
-(``.jp2`` or ``.jpx`` files).
+   subsampled components.
+
+.. versionadded:: 10.4.0
+   Pillow can read ``CMYK`` images with OpenJPEG 2.5.1 and later.
+
+.. versionadded:: 11.1.0
+   Pillow can write ``CMYK`` images with OpenJPEG 2.5.3 and later.
+
+Pillow supports JPEG 2000 raw codestreams (``.j2k`` files), as well as boxed
+JPEG 2000 files (``.jp2`` or ``.jpx`` files).
 
 When loading, if you set the ``mode`` on the image prior to the
 :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.load` method being invoked, you can ask Pillow to
@@ -1199,6 +1208,11 @@ The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method can take the following keyword argum
 
     .. versionadded:: 8.4.0
 
+**big_tiff**
+    If true, the image will be saved as a BigTIFF.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 11.1.0
+
 **compression**
     A string containing the desired compression method for the
     file. (valid only with libtiff installed) Valid compression

docs/handbook/tutorial.rst

@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ Reading from URL
 
     from PIL import Image
     from urllib.request import urlopen
-    url = "https://python-pillow.org/assets/images/pillow-logo.png"
+    url = "https://python-pillow.github.io/assets/images/pillow-logo.png"
     img = Image.open(urlopen(url))
 
 

docs/index.rst

@@ -33,10 +33,6 @@ Pillow for enterprise is available via the Tidelift Subscription. `Learn more <h
    :target: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/test-cygwin.yml
    :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Test Cygwin)
 
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/appveyor/build/python-pillow/Pillow/main.svg?label=Windows%20build
-   :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/python-pillow/Pillow
-   :alt: AppVeyor CI build status (Windows)
-
 .. image:: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/workflows/Wheels/badge.svg
    :target: https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/actions/workflows/wheels.yml
    :alt: GitHub Actions build status (Wheels)

docs/installation/building-from-source.rst

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
 * **openjpeg** provides JPEG 2000 functionality.
 
   * Pillow has been tested with openjpeg **2.0.0**, **2.1.0**, **2.3.1**,
-    **2.4.0**, **2.5.0** and **2.5.2**.
+    **2.4.0**, **2.5.0**, **2.5.2** and **2.5.3**.
   * Pillow does **not** support the earlier **1.5** series which ships
     with Debian Jessie.
 
@@ -148,13 +148,7 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
     The easiest way to install external libraries is via `Homebrew
     <https://brew.sh/>`_. After you install Homebrew, run::
 
-        brew install libjpeg libtiff little-cms2 openjpeg webp
+        brew install libjpeg libraqm libtiff little-cms2 openjpeg webp
-
-    To install libraqm on macOS use Homebrew to install its dependencies::
-
-        brew install freetype harfbuzz fribidi
-
-    Then see ``depends/install_raqm_cmake.sh`` to install libraqm.
 
 .. tab:: Windows
 
@@ -195,11 +189,6 @@ Many of Pillow's features require external libraries:
             mingw-w64-x86_64-libimagequant \
             mingw-w64-x86_64-libraqm
 
-    https://www.msys2.org/docs/python/ states that setuptools >= 60 does not work with
-    MSYS2. To workaround this, before installing Pillow you must run::
-
-        export SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=stdlib
-
 .. tab:: FreeBSD
 
     .. Note:: Only FreeBSD 10 and 11 tested

docs/installation/platform-support.rst

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | CentOS Stream 9                  | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
+| CentOS Stream 10                 | 3.12                       | x86-64              |
++----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Debian 12 Bookworm               | 3.11                       | x86, x86-64         |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Fedora 40                        | 3.12                       | x86-64              |
@@ -42,20 +44,16 @@ These platforms are built and tested for every change.
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
 | Ubuntu Linux 22.04 LTS (Jammy)   | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11,           | x86-64              |
 |                                  | 3.12, 3.13, PyPy3          |                     |
-|                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
-|                                  | 3.10                       | arm64v8             |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Ubuntu Linux 24.04 LTS (Noble)   | 3.12                       | x86-64, ppc64le,    |
+| Ubuntu Linux 24.04 LTS (Noble)   | 3.12                       | x86-64, arm64v8,    |
-|                                  |                            | s390x               |
+|                                  |                            | ppc64le, s390x      |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Windows Server 2019              | 3.9                        | x86-64              |
+| Windows Server 2019              | 3.9                        | x86                 |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
-| Windows Server 2022              | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11,           | x86-64              |
+| Windows Server 2022              | 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13,    | x86-64              |
-|                                  | 3.12, 3.13, PyPy3          |                     |
+|                                  | PyPy3                      |                     |
 |                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
-|                                  | 3.13                       | x86                 |
+|                                  | 3.12 (MinGW)               | x86-64              |
-|                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
-|                                  | 3.9 (MinGW)                | x86-64              |
 |                                  +----------------------------+---------------------+
 |                                  | 3.9 (Cygwin)               | x86-64              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------+
@@ -75,7 +73,9 @@ These platforms have been reported to work at the versions mentioned.
 | Operating system                 | | Tested Python            | | Latest tested  | | Tested     |
 |                                  | | versions                 | | Pillow version | | processors |
 +==================================+============================+==================+==============+
-| macOS 15 Sequoia                 | 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12 | 10.4.0           |arm           |
+| macOS 15 Sequoia                 | 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13| 11.1.0           |arm           |
+|                                  +----------------------------+------------------+              |
+|                                  | 3.8                        | 10.4.0           |              |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+------------------+--------------+
 | macOS 14 Sonoma                  | 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12 | 10.4.0           |arm           |
 +----------------------------------+----------------------------+------------------+--------------+

docs/reference/features.rst

@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ Feature version numbers are available only where stated.
 Support for the following features can be checked:
 
 * ``libjpeg_turbo``: (compile time) Whether Pillow was compiled against the libjpeg-turbo version of libjpeg. Compile-time version number is available.
+* ``mozjpeg``: (compile time) Whether Pillow was compiled against the MozJPEG version of libjpeg. Compile-time version number is available.
+* ``zlib_ng``: (compile time) Whether Pillow was compiled against the zlib-ng version of zlib. Compile-time version number is available.
 * ``raqm``: Raqm library, required for ``ImageFont.Layout.RAQM`` in :py:func:`PIL.ImageFont.truetype`. Run-time version number is available for Raqm 0.7.0 or newer.
 * ``libimagequant``: (compile time) ImageQuant quantization support in :py:func:`PIL.Image.Image.quantize`. Run-time version number is available.
 * ``xcb``: (compile time) Support for X11 in :py:func:`PIL.ImageGrab.grab` via the XCB library.

docs/releasenotes/11.1.0.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+11.1.0
+------
+
+Deprecations
+============
+
+ExifTags.IFD.Makernote
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+``ExifTags.IFD.Makernote`` has been deprecated. Instead, use
+``ExifTags.IFD.MakerNote``.
+
+API Changes
+===========
+
+Writing XMP bytes to JPEG and MPO
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Pillow 11.0.0 added writing XMP data to JPEG and MPO images::
+
+    im.info["xmp"] = b"test"
+    im.save("out.jpg")
+
+However, this meant that XMP data was automatically kept from an opened image,
+which is inconsistent with the rest of Pillow's behaviour. This functionality
+has been removed. To write XMP data, the ``xmp`` argument can still be used for
+JPEG files::
+
+    im.save("out.jpg", xmp=b"test")
+
+To save XMP data to the second frame of an MPO image, ``encoderinfo`` can now
+be used::
+
+    second_im.encoderinfo = {"xmp": b"test"}
+    im.save("out.mpo", save_all=True, append_images=[second_im])
+
+API Additions
+=============
+
+Check for zlib-ng
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+You can check if Pillow has been built against the zlib-ng version of the
+zlib library, and what version of zlib-ng is being used::
+
+    from PIL import features
+    features.check_feature("zlib_ng")  # True or False
+    features.version_feature("zlib_ng")  # "2.2.2" for example, or None
+
+Saving TIFF as BigTIFF
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+TIFF images can now be saved as BigTIFF using a ``big_tiff`` argument::
+
+    im.save("out.tiff", big_tiff=True)
+
+Other Changes
+=============
+
+Reading JPEG 2000 comments
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+When opening a JPEG 2000 image, the comment may now be read into
+:py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.info` for J2K images, not just JP2 images.
+
+Saving JPEG 2000 CMYK images
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+With OpenJPEG 2.5.3 or later, Pillow can now save CMYK images as JPEG 2000 files.
+
+Minimum C version
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+C99 is now the minimum version of C required to compile Pillow from source.
+
+zlib-ng in wheels
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Wheels are now built against zlib-ng for improved speed. In tests, saving a PNG
+was found to be more than twice as fast at higher compression levels.

docs/releasenotes/11.2.0.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+11.2.0
+------
+
+Security
+========
+
+TODO
+^^^^
+
+TODO
+
+:cve:`YYYY-XXXXX`: TODO
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+TODO
+
+Backwards Incompatible Changes
+==============================
+
+TODO
+^^^^
+
+Deprecations
+============
+
+Image.Image.get_child_images()
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. deprecated:: 11.2.0
+
+``Image.Image.get_child_images()`` has been deprecated. and will be removed in Pillow
+13 (2026-10-15). It will be moved to ``ImageFile.ImageFile.get_child_images()``. The
+method uses an image's file pointer, and so child images could only be retrieved from
+an :py:class:`PIL.ImageFile.ImageFile` instance.
+
+API Changes
+===========
+
+TODO
+^^^^
+
+TODO
+
+API Additions
+=============
+
+Check for MozJPEG
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+You can check if Pillow has been built against the MozJPEG version of the
+libjpeg library, and what version of MozJPEG is being used::
+
+    from PIL import features
+    features.check_feature("mozjpeg")  # True or False
+    features.version_feature("mozjpeg")  # "4.1.1" for example, or None
+
+Other Changes
+=============
+
+TODO
+^^^^
+
+TODO

docs/releasenotes/index.rst

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ expected to be backported to earlier versions.
 .. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2
 
+  11.2.0
+  11.1.0
   11.0.0
   10.4.0
   10.3.0

pyproject.toml

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ optional-dependencies.mic = [
 ]
 optional-dependencies.tests = [
   "check-manifest",
-  "coverage",
+  "coverage>=7.4.2",
   "defusedxml",
   "markdown2",
   "olefile",
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ optional-dependencies.tests = [
   "pytest",
   "pytest-cov",
   "pytest-timeout",
+  "trove-classifiers>=2024.10.12",
 ]
 optional-dependencies.typing = [
   "typing-extensions; python_version<'3.10'",
@@ -72,10 +73,10 @@ optional-dependencies.typing = [
 optional-dependencies.xmp = [
   "defusedxml",
 ]
-urls.Changelog = "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/main/CHANGES.rst"
+urls.Changelog = "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/releases"
 urls.Documentation = "https://pillow.readthedocs.io"
 urls.Funding = "https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-pillow?utm_source=pypi-pillow&utm_medium=pypi"
-urls.Homepage = "https://python-pillow.org"
+urls.Homepage = "https://python-pillow.github.io"
 urls.Mastodon = "https://fosstodon.org/@pillow"
 urls."Release notes" = "https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/index.html"
 urls.Source = "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow"
@@ -93,10 +94,18 @@ version = { attr = "PIL.__version__" }
 [tool.cibuildwheel]
 before-all = ".github/workflows/wheels-dependencies.sh"
 build-verbosity = 1
+
 config-settings = "raqm=enable raqm=vendor fribidi=vendor imagequant=disable"
+# Disable platform guessing on macOS
+macos.config-settings = "raqm=enable raqm=vendor fribidi=vendor imagequant=disable platform-guessing=disable"
+
 test-command = "cd {project} && .github/workflows/wheels-test.sh"
 test-extras = "tests"
 
+[tool.cibuildwheel.macos.environment]
+PATH = "$(pwd)/build/deps/darwin/bin:$(dirname $(which python3)):/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin"
+DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH = "$(pwd)/build/deps/darwin/lib"
+
 [tool.black]
 exclude = "wheels/multibuild"
 

setup.py

@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
             for x in ("raqm", "fribidi")
         ]
         + [
-            ("disable-platform-guessing", None, "Disable platform guessing on Linux"),
+            ("disable-platform-guessing", None, "Disable platform guessing"),
             ("debug", None, "Debug logging"),
         ]
         + [("add-imaging-libs=", None, "Add libs to _imaging build")]
@@ -396,13 +396,14 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
                 self.feature.required.discard(x)
                 _dbg("Disabling %s", x)
                 if getattr(self, f"enable_{x}"):
-                    msg = f"Conflicting options: --enable-{x} and --disable-{x}"
+                    msg = f"Conflicting options: '-C {x}=enable' and '-C {x}=disable'"
                     raise ValueError(msg)
                 if x == "freetype":
-                    _dbg("--disable-freetype implies --disable-raqm")
+                    _dbg("'-C freetype=disable' implies '-C raqm=disable'")
                     if getattr(self, "enable_raqm"):
                         msg = (
-                            "Conflicting options: --enable-raqm and --disable-freetype"
+                            "Conflicting options: "
+                            "'-C raqm=enable' and '-C freetype=disable'"
                         )
                         raise ValueError(msg)
                     setattr(self, "disable_raqm", True)
@@ -410,15 +411,17 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
                 _dbg("Requiring %s", x)
                 self.feature.required.add(x)
                 if x == "raqm":
-                    _dbg("--enable-raqm implies --enable-freetype")
+                    _dbg("'-C raqm=enable' implies '-C freetype=enable'")
                     self.feature.required.add("freetype")
         for x in ("raqm", "fribidi"):
             if getattr(self, f"vendor_{x}"):
                 if getattr(self, "disable_raqm"):
-                    msg = f"Conflicting options: --vendor-{x} and --disable-raqm"
+                    msg = f"Conflicting options: '-C {x}=vendor' and '-C raqm=disable'"
                     raise ValueError(msg)
                 if x == "fribidi" and not getattr(self, "vendor_raqm"):
-                    msg = f"Conflicting options: --vendor-{x} and not --vendor-raqm"
+                    msg = (
+                        f"Conflicting options: '-C {x}=vendor' and not '-C raqm=vendor'"
+                    )
                     raise ValueError(msg)
                 _dbg("Using vendored version of %s", x)
                 self.feature.vendor.add(x)
@@ -451,7 +454,7 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
     def get_macos_sdk_path(self) -> str | None:
         try:
             sdk_path = (
-                subprocess.check_output(["xcrun", "--show-sdk-path"])
+                subprocess.check_output(["xcrun", "--show-sdk-path", "--sdk", "macosx"])
                 .strip()
                 .decode("latin1")
             )
@@ -609,6 +612,7 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
                 _add_directory(library_dirs, "/usr/X11/lib")
                 _add_directory(include_dirs, "/usr/X11/include")
 
+            # Add the macOS SDK path.
             sdk_path = self.get_macos_sdk_path()
             if sdk_path:
                 _add_directory(library_dirs, os.path.join(sdk_path, "usr", "lib"))
@@ -693,6 +697,8 @@ class pil_build_ext(build_ext):
                     feature.set("zlib", "z")
                 elif sys.platform == "win32" and _find_library_file(self, "zlib"):
                     feature.set("zlib", "zlib")  # alternative name
+                elif sys.platform == "win32" and _find_library_file(self, "zdll"):
+                    feature.set("zlib", "zdll")  # dll import library
 
         if feature.want("jpeg"):
             _dbg("Looking for jpeg")
@@ -1052,7 +1058,7 @@ except DependencyException as err:
     msg = f"""
 
 The headers or library files could not be found for {str(err)},
-which was requested by the option flag --enable-{str(err)}
+which was requested by the option flag '-C {str(err)}=enable'
 
 """
     sys.stderr.write(msg)

src/PIL/BlpImagePlugin.py

@@ -259,21 +259,36 @@ class BlpImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
     def _open(self) -> None:
         self.magic = self.fp.read(4)
-
+        if not _accept(self.magic):
-        self.fp.seek(5, os.SEEK_CUR)
-        (self._blp_alpha_depth,) = struct.unpack("<b", self.fp.read(1))
-
-        self.fp.seek(2, os.SEEK_CUR)
-        self._size = struct.unpack("<II", self.fp.read(8))
-
-        if self.magic in (b"BLP1", b"BLP2"):
-            decoder = self.magic.decode()
-        else:
             msg = f"Bad BLP magic {repr(self.magic)}"
             raise BLPFormatError(msg)
 
-        self._mode = "RGBA" if self._blp_alpha_depth else "RGB"
+        compression = struct.unpack("<i", self.fp.read(4))[0]
-        self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile(decoder, (0, 0) + self.size, 0, (self.mode, 0, 1))]
+        if self.magic == b"BLP1":
+            alpha = struct.unpack("<I", self.fp.read(4))[0] != 0
+        else:
+            encoding = struct.unpack("<b", self.fp.read(1))[0]
+            alpha = struct.unpack("<b", self.fp.read(1))[0] != 0
+            alpha_encoding = struct.unpack("<b", self.fp.read(1))[0]
+            self.fp.seek(1, os.SEEK_CUR)  # mips
+
+        self._size = struct.unpack("<II", self.fp.read(8))
+
+        args: tuple[int, int, bool] | tuple[int, int, bool, int]
+        if self.magic == b"BLP1":
+            encoding = struct.unpack("<i", self.fp.read(4))[0]
+            self.fp.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)  # subtype
+
+            args = (compression, encoding, alpha)
+            offset = 28
+        else:
+            args = (compression, encoding, alpha, alpha_encoding)
+            offset = 20
+
+        decoder = self.magic.decode()
+
+        self._mode = "RGBA" if alpha else "RGB"
+        self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile(decoder, (0, 0) + self.size, offset, args)]
 
 
 class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
@@ -281,7 +296,7 @@ class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
 
     def decode(self, buffer: bytes | Image.SupportsArrayInterface) -> tuple[int, int]:
         try:
-            self._read_blp_header()
+            self._read_header()
             self._load()
         except struct.error as e:
             msg = "Truncated BLP file"
@@ -292,25 +307,9 @@ class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
     def _load(self) -> None:
         pass
 
-    def _read_blp_header(self) -> None:
+    def _read_header(self) -> None:
-        assert self.fd is not None
+        self._offsets = struct.unpack("<16I", self._safe_read(16 * 4))
-        self.fd.seek(4)
+        self._lengths = struct.unpack("<16I", self._safe_read(16 * 4))
-        (self._blp_compression,) = struct.unpack("<i", self._safe_read(4))
-
-        (self._blp_encoding,) = struct.unpack("<b", self._safe_read(1))
-        (self._blp_alpha_depth,) = struct.unpack("<b", self._safe_read(1))
-        (self._blp_alpha_encoding,) = struct.unpack("<b", self._safe_read(1))
-        self.fd.seek(1, os.SEEK_CUR)  # mips
-
-        self.size = struct.unpack("<II", self._safe_read(8))
-
-        if isinstance(self, BLP1Decoder):
-            # Only present for BLP1
-            (self._blp_encoding,) = struct.unpack("<i", self._safe_read(4))
-            self.fd.seek(4, os.SEEK_CUR)  # subtype
-
-        self._blp_offsets = struct.unpack("<16I", self._safe_read(16 * 4))
-        self._blp_lengths = struct.unpack("<16I", self._safe_read(16 * 4))
 
     def _safe_read(self, length: int) -> bytes:
         assert self.fd is not None
@@ -326,9 +325,11 @@ class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
             ret.append((b, g, r, a))
         return ret
 
-    def _read_bgra(self, palette: list[tuple[int, int, int, int]]) -> bytearray:
+    def _read_bgra(
+        self, palette: list[tuple[int, int, int, int]], alpha: bool
+    ) -> bytearray:
         data = bytearray()
-        _data = BytesIO(self._safe_read(self._blp_lengths[0]))
+        _data = BytesIO(self._safe_read(self._lengths[0]))
         while True:
             try:
                 (offset,) = struct.unpack("<B", _data.read(1))
@@ -336,7 +337,7 @@ class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
                 break
             b, g, r, a = palette[offset]
             d: tuple[int, ...] = (r, g, b)
-            if self._blp_alpha_depth:
+            if alpha:
                 d += (a,)
             data.extend(d)
         return data
@@ -344,19 +345,21 @@ class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
 
 class BLP1Decoder(_BLPBaseDecoder):
     def _load(self) -> None:
-        if self._blp_compression == Format.JPEG:
+        self._compression, self._encoding, alpha = self.args
+
+        if self._compression == Format.JPEG:
             self._decode_jpeg_stream()
 
-        elif self._blp_compression == 1:
+        elif self._compression == 1:
-            if self._blp_encoding in (4, 5):
+            if self._encoding in (4, 5):
                 palette = self._read_palette()
-                data = self._read_bgra(palette)
+                data = self._read_bgra(palette, alpha)
                 self.set_as_raw(data)
             else:
-                msg = f"Unsupported BLP encoding {repr(self._blp_encoding)}"
+                msg = f"Unsupported BLP encoding {repr(self._encoding)}"
                 raise BLPFormatError(msg)
         else:
-            msg = f"Unsupported BLP compression {repr(self._blp_encoding)}"
+            msg = f"Unsupported BLP compression {repr(self._encoding)}"
             raise BLPFormatError(msg)
 
     def _decode_jpeg_stream(self) -> None:
@@ -365,65 +368,61 @@ class BLP1Decoder(_BLPBaseDecoder):
         (jpeg_header_size,) = struct.unpack("<I", self._safe_read(4))
         jpeg_header = self._safe_read(jpeg_header_size)
         assert self.fd is not None
-        self._safe_read(self._blp_offsets[0] - self.fd.tell())  # What IS this?
+        self._safe_read(self._offsets[0] - self.fd.tell())  # What IS this?
-        data = self._safe_read(self._blp_lengths[0])
+        data = self._safe_read(self._lengths[0])
         data = jpeg_header + data
         image = JpegImageFile(BytesIO(data))
         Image._decompression_bomb_check(image.size)
         if image.mode == "CMYK":
-            decoder_name, extents, offset, args = image.tile[0]
+            args = image.tile[0].args
             assert isinstance(args, tuple)
-            image.tile = [
+            image.tile = [image.tile[0]._replace(args=(args[0], "CMYK"))]
-                ImageFile._Tile(decoder_name, extents, offset, (args[0], "CMYK"))
+        self.set_as_raw(image.convert("RGB").tobytes(), "BGR")
-            ]
-        r, g, b = image.convert("RGB").split()
-        reversed_image = Image.merge("RGB", (b, g, r))
-        self.set_as_raw(reversed_image.tobytes())
 
 
 class BLP2Decoder(_BLPBaseDecoder):
     def _load(self) -> None:
+        self._compression, self._encoding, alpha, self._alpha_encoding = self.args
+
         palette = self._read_palette()
 
         assert self.fd is not None
-        self.fd.seek(self._blp_offsets[0])
+        self.fd.seek(self._offsets[0])
 
-        if self._blp_compression == 1:
+        if self._compression == 1:
             # Uncompressed or DirectX compression
 
-            if self._blp_encoding == Encoding.UNCOMPRESSED:
+            if self._encoding == Encoding.UNCOMPRESSED:
-                data = self._read_bgra(palette)
+                data = self._read_bgra(palette, alpha)
 
-            elif self._blp_encoding == Encoding.DXT:
+            elif self._encoding == Encoding.DXT:
                 data = bytearray()
-                if self._blp_alpha_encoding == AlphaEncoding.DXT1:
+                if self._alpha_encoding == AlphaEncoding.DXT1:
-                    linesize = (self.size[0] + 3) // 4 * 8
+                    linesize = (self.state.xsize + 3) // 4 * 8
-                    for yb in range((self.size[1] + 3) // 4):
+                    for yb in range((self.state.ysize + 3) // 4):
-                        for d in decode_dxt1(
+                        for d in decode_dxt1(self._safe_read(linesize), alpha):
-                            self._safe_read(linesize), alpha=bool(self._blp_alpha_depth)
-                        ):
                             data += d
 
-                elif self._blp_alpha_encoding == AlphaEncoding.DXT3:
+                elif self._alpha_encoding == AlphaEncoding.DXT3:
-                    linesize = (self.size[0] + 3) // 4 * 16
+                    linesize = (self.state.xsize + 3) // 4 * 16
-                    for yb in range((self.size[1] + 3) // 4):
+                    for yb in range((self.state.ysize + 3) // 4):
                         for d in decode_dxt3(self._safe_read(linesize)):
                             data += d
 
-                elif self._blp_alpha_encoding == AlphaEncoding.DXT5:
+                elif self._alpha_encoding == AlphaEncoding.DXT5:
-                    linesize = (self.size[0] + 3) // 4 * 16
+                    linesize = (self.state.xsize + 3) // 4 * 16
-                    for yb in range((self.size[1] + 3) // 4):
+                    for yb in range((self.state.ysize + 3) // 4):
                         for d in decode_dxt5(self._safe_read(linesize)):
                             data += d
                 else:
-                    msg = f"Unsupported alpha encoding {repr(self._blp_alpha_encoding)}"
+                    msg = f"Unsupported alpha encoding {repr(self._alpha_encoding)}"
                     raise BLPFormatError(msg)
             else:
-                msg = f"Unknown BLP encoding {repr(self._blp_encoding)}"
+                msg = f"Unknown BLP encoding {repr(self._encoding)}"
                 raise BLPFormatError(msg)
 
         else:
-            msg = f"Unknown BLP compression {repr(self._blp_compression)}"
+            msg = f"Unknown BLP compression {repr(self._compression)}"
             raise BLPFormatError(msg)
 
         self.set_as_raw(data)
@@ -472,8 +471,13 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
 
     assert im.palette is not None
     fp.write(struct.pack("<i", 1))  # Uncompressed or DirectX compression
+
+    alpha_depth = 1 if im.palette.mode == "RGBA" else 0
+    if magic == b"BLP1":
+        fp.write(struct.pack("<L", alpha_depth))
+    else:
         fp.write(struct.pack("<b", Encoding.UNCOMPRESSED))
-    fp.write(struct.pack("<b", 1 if im.palette.mode == "RGBA" else 0))
+        fp.write(struct.pack("<b", alpha_depth))
         fp.write(struct.pack("<b", 0))  # alpha encoding
         fp.write(struct.pack("<b", 0))  # mips
     fp.write(struct.pack("<II", *im.size))

src/PIL/DdsImagePlugin.py

@@ -560,9 +560,7 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
         + struct.pack("<4I", *rgba_mask)  # dwRGBABitMask
         + struct.pack("<5I", DDSCAPS.TEXTURE, 0, 0, 0, 0)
     )
-    ImageFile._save(
+    ImageFile._save(im, fp, [ImageFile._Tile("raw", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, rawmode)])
-        im, fp, [ImageFile._Tile("raw", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, (rawmode, 0, 1))]
-    )
 
 
 def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:

src/PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py

@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes, eps: int = 1) -
     if hasattr(fp, "flush"):
         fp.flush()
 
-    ImageFile._save(im, fp, [ImageFile._Tile("eps", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, None)])
+    ImageFile._save(im, fp, [ImageFile._Tile("eps", (0, 0) + im.size)])
 
     fp.write(b"\n%%%%EndBinary\n")
     fp.write(b"grestore end\n")

src/PIL/ExifTags.py

@@ -303,38 +303,38 @@ TAGS = {
 
 
 class GPS(IntEnum):
-    GPSVersionID = 0
+    GPSVersionID = 0x00
-    GPSLatitudeRef = 1
+    GPSLatitudeRef = 0x01
-    GPSLatitude = 2
+    GPSLatitude = 0x02
-    GPSLongitudeRef = 3
+    GPSLongitudeRef = 0x03
-    GPSLongitude = 4
+    GPSLongitude = 0x04
-    GPSAltitudeRef = 5
+    GPSAltitudeRef = 0x05
-    GPSAltitude = 6
+    GPSAltitude = 0x06
-    GPSTimeStamp = 7
+    GPSTimeStamp = 0x07
-    GPSSatellites = 8
+    GPSSatellites = 0x08
-    GPSStatus = 9
+    GPSStatus = 0x09
-    GPSMeasureMode = 10
+    GPSMeasureMode = 0x0A
-    GPSDOP = 11
+    GPSDOP = 0x0B
-    GPSSpeedRef = 12
+    GPSSpeedRef = 0x0C
-    GPSSpeed = 13
+    GPSSpeed = 0x0D
-    GPSTrackRef = 14
+    GPSTrackRef = 0x0E
-    GPSTrack = 15
+    GPSTrack = 0x0F
-    GPSImgDirectionRef = 16
+    GPSImgDirectionRef = 0x10
-    GPSImgDirection = 17
+    GPSImgDirection = 0x11
-    GPSMapDatum = 18
+    GPSMapDatum = 0x12
-    GPSDestLatitudeRef = 19
+    GPSDestLatitudeRef = 0x13
-    GPSDestLatitude = 20
+    GPSDestLatitude = 0x14
-    GPSDestLongitudeRef = 21
+    GPSDestLongitudeRef = 0x15
-    GPSDestLongitude = 22
+    GPSDestLongitude = 0x16
-    GPSDestBearingRef = 23
+    GPSDestBearingRef = 0x17
-    GPSDestBearing = 24
+    GPSDestBearing = 0x18
-    GPSDestDistanceRef = 25
+    GPSDestDistanceRef = 0x19
-    GPSDestDistance = 26
+    GPSDestDistance = 0x1A
-    GPSProcessingMethod = 27
+    GPSProcessingMethod = 0x1B
-    GPSAreaInformation = 28
+    GPSAreaInformation = 0x1C
-    GPSDateStamp = 29
+    GPSDateStamp = 0x1D
-    GPSDifferential = 30
+    GPSDifferential = 0x1E
-    GPSHPositioningError = 31
+    GPSHPositioningError = 0x1F
 
 
 """Maps EXIF GPS tags to tag names."""
@@ -342,40 +342,41 @@ GPSTAGS = {i.value: i.name for i in GPS}
 
 
 class Interop(IntEnum):
-    InteropIndex = 1
+    InteropIndex = 0x0001
-    InteropVersion = 2
+    InteropVersion = 0x0002
-    RelatedImageFileFormat = 4096
+    RelatedImageFileFormat = 0x1000
-    RelatedImageWidth = 4097
+    RelatedImageWidth = 0x1001
-    RelatedImageHeight = 4098
+    RelatedImageHeight = 0x1002
 
 
 class IFD(IntEnum):
-    Exif = 34665
+    Exif = 0x8769
-    GPSInfo = 34853
+    GPSInfo = 0x8825
-    Makernote = 37500
+    MakerNote = 0x927C
-    Interop = 40965
+    Makernote = 0x927C  # Deprecated
+    Interop = 0xA005
     IFD1 = -1
 
 
 class LightSource(IntEnum):
-    Unknown = 0
+    Unknown = 0x00
-    Daylight = 1
+    Daylight = 0x01
-    Fluorescent = 2
+    Fluorescent = 0x02
-    Tungsten = 3
+    Tungsten = 0x03
-    Flash = 4
+    Flash = 0x04
-    Fine = 9
+    Fine = 0x09
-    Cloudy = 10
+    Cloudy = 0x0A
-    Shade = 11
+    Shade = 0x0B
-    DaylightFluorescent = 12
+    DaylightFluorescent = 0x0C
-    DayWhiteFluorescent = 13
+    DayWhiteFluorescent = 0x0D
-    CoolWhiteFluorescent = 14
+    CoolWhiteFluorescent = 0x0E
-    WhiteFluorescent = 15
+    WhiteFluorescent = 0x0F
-    StandardLightA = 17
+    StandardLightA = 0x11
-    StandardLightB = 18
+    StandardLightB = 0x12
-    StandardLightC = 19
+    StandardLightC = 0x13
-    D55 = 20
+    D55 = 0x14
-    D65 = 21
+    D65 = 0x15
-    D75 = 22
+    D75 = 0x16
-    D50 = 23
+    D50 = 0x17
-    ISO = 24
+    ISO = 0x18
-    Other = 255
+    Other = 0xFF

src/PIL/FliImagePlugin.py

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class FliImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         framesize = i32(s)
 
         self.decodermaxblock = framesize
-        self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("fli", (0, 0) + self.size, self.__offset, None)]
+        self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("fli", (0, 0) + self.size, self.__offset)]
 
         self.__offset += framesize
 

src/PIL/FpxImagePlugin.py

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class FpxImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                         "raw",
                         (x, y, x1, y1),
                         i32(s, i) + 28,
-                        (self.rawmode,),
+                        self.rawmode,
                     )
                 )
 

src/PIL/FtexImagePlugin.py

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class FtexImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             self._mode = "RGBA"
             self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("bcn", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, (1,))]
         elif format == Format.UNCOMPRESSED:
-            self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, ("RGB", 0, 1))]
+            self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, 0, "RGB")]
         else:
             msg = f"Invalid texture compression format: {repr(format)}"
             raise ValueError(msg)

src/PIL/GdImageFile.py

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class GdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                 "raw",
                 (0, 0) + self.size,
                 7 + true_color_offset + 4 + 256 * 4,
-                ("L", 0, 1),
+                "L",
             )
         ]
 

src/PIL/GifImagePlugin.py

@@ -695,8 +695,9 @@ def _write_multiple_frames(
                         )
                         background = _get_background(im_frame, color)
                         background_im = Image.new("P", im_frame.size, background)
-                        assert im_frames[0].im.palette is not None
+                        first_palette = im_frames[0].im.palette
-                        background_im.putpalette(im_frames[0].im.palette)
+                        assert first_palette is not None
+                        background_im.putpalette(first_palette, first_palette.mode)
                     bbox = _getbbox(background_im, im_frame)[1]
                 elif encoderinfo.get("optimize") and im_frame.mode != "1":
                     if "transparency" not in encoderinfo:

src/PIL/ImImagePlugin.py

@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
         name = "".join([name[: 92 - len(ext)], ext])
 
         fp.write(f"Name: {name}\r\n".encode("ascii"))
-    fp.write(("Image size (x*y): %d*%d\r\n" % im.size).encode("ascii"))
+    fp.write(f"Image size (x*y): {im.size[0]}*{im.size[1]}\r\n".encode("ascii"))
     fp.write(f"File size (no of images): {frames}\r\n".encode("ascii"))
     if im.mode in ["P", "PA"]:
         fp.write(b"Lut: 1\r\n")

src/PIL/Image.py

@@ -603,24 +603,16 @@ class Image:
     def __enter__(self):
         return self
 
-    def _close_fp(self):
-        if getattr(self, "_fp", False):
-            if self._fp != self.fp:
-                self._fp.close()
-            self._fp = DeferredError(ValueError("Operation on closed image"))
-        if self.fp:
-            self.fp.close()
-
     def __exit__(self, *args):
-        if hasattr(self, "fp"):
+        from . import ImageFile
+
+        if isinstance(self, ImageFile.ImageFile):
             if getattr(self, "_exclusive_fp", False):
                 self._close_fp()
             self.fp = None
 
     def close(self) -> None:
         """
-        Closes the file pointer, if possible.
-
         This operation will destroy the image core and release its memory.
         The image data will be unusable afterward.
 
@@ -629,13 +621,6 @@ class Image:
         :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.load` method. See :ref:`file-handling` for
         more information.
         """
-        if hasattr(self, "fp"):
-            try:
-                self._close_fp()
-                self.fp = None
-            except Exception as msg:
-                logger.debug("Error closing: %s", msg)
-
         if getattr(self, "map", None):
             self.map: mmap.mmap | None = None
 
@@ -692,13 +677,10 @@ class Image:
         )
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "<%s.%s image mode=%s size=%dx%d at 0x%X>" % (
+        return (
-            self.__class__.__module__,
+            f"<{self.__class__.__module__}.{self.__class__.__name__} "
-            self.__class__.__name__,
+            f"image mode={self.mode} size={self.size[0]}x{self.size[1]} "
-            self.mode,
+            f"at 0x{id(self):X}>"
-            self.size[0],
-            self.size[1],
-            id(self),
         )
 
     def _repr_pretty_(self, p: PrettyPrinter, cycle: bool) -> None:
@@ -707,14 +689,8 @@ class Image:
         # Same as __repr__ but without unpredictable id(self),
         # to keep Jupyter notebook `text/plain` output stable.
         p.text(
-            "<%s.%s image mode=%s size=%dx%d>"
+            f"<{self.__class__.__module__}.{self.__class__.__name__} "
-            % (
+            f"image mode={self.mode} size={self.size[0]}x{self.size[1]}>"
-                self.__class__.__module__,
-                self.__class__.__name__,
-                self.mode,
-                self.size[0],
-                self.size[1],
-            )
         )
 
     def _repr_image(self, image_format: str, **kwargs: Any) -> bytes | None:
@@ -763,7 +739,7 @@ class Image:
 
     def __setstate__(self, state: list[Any]) -> None:
         Image.__init__(self)
-        info, mode, size, palette, data = state
+        info, mode, size, palette, data = state[:5]
         self.info = info
         self._mode = mode
         self._size = size
@@ -1563,50 +1539,10 @@ class Image:
         self.getexif()
 
     def get_child_images(self) -> list[ImageFile.ImageFile]:
-        child_images = []
+        from . import ImageFile
-        exif = self.getexif()
-        ifds = []
-        if ExifTags.Base.SubIFDs in exif:
-            subifd_offsets = exif[ExifTags.Base.SubIFDs]
-            if subifd_offsets:
-                if not isinstance(subifd_offsets, tuple):
-                    subifd_offsets = (subifd_offsets,)
-                for subifd_offset in subifd_offsets:
-                    ifds.append((exif._get_ifd_dict(subifd_offset), subifd_offset))
-        ifd1 = exif.get_ifd(ExifTags.IFD.IFD1)
-        if ifd1 and ifd1.get(513):
-            assert exif._info is not None
-            ifds.append((ifd1, exif._info.next))
 
-        offset = None
+        deprecate("Image.Image.get_child_images", 13)
-        for ifd, ifd_offset in ifds:
+        return ImageFile.ImageFile.get_child_images(self)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-            current_offset = self.fp.tell()
-            if offset is None:
-                offset = current_offset
-
-            fp = self.fp
-            if ifd is not None:
-                thumbnail_offset = ifd.get(513)
-                if thumbnail_offset is not None:
-                    thumbnail_offset += getattr(self, "_exif_offset", 0)
-                    self.fp.seek(thumbnail_offset)
-                    data = self.fp.read(ifd.get(514))
-                    fp = io.BytesIO(data)
-
-            with open(fp) as im:
-                from . import TiffImagePlugin
-
-                if thumbnail_offset is None and isinstance(
-                    im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile
-                ):
-                    im._frame_pos = [ifd_offset]
-                    im._seek(0)
-                im.load()
-                child_images.append(im)
-
-        if offset is not None:
-            self.fp.seek(offset)
-        return child_images
 
     def getim(self) -> CapsuleType:
         """
@@ -2550,7 +2486,7 @@ class Image:
         filename: str | bytes = ""
         open_fp = False
         if is_path(fp):
-            filename = os.path.realpath(os.fspath(fp))
+            filename = os.fspath(fp)
             open_fp = True
         elif fp == sys.stdout:
             try:
@@ -2559,13 +2495,13 @@ class Image:
                 pass
         if not filename and hasattr(fp, "name") and is_path(fp.name):
             # only set the name for metadata purposes
-            filename = os.path.realpath(os.fspath(fp.name))
+            filename = os.fspath(fp.name)
 
         # may mutate self!
         self._ensure_mutable()
 
         save_all = params.pop("save_all", False)
-        self.encoderinfo = params
+        self.encoderinfo = {**getattr(self, "encoderinfo", {}), **params}
         self.encoderconfig: tuple[Any, ...] = ()
 
         preinit()
@@ -2612,6 +2548,11 @@ class Image:
                 except PermissionError:
                     pass
             raise
+        finally:
+            try:
+                del self.encoderinfo
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
         if open_fp:
             fp.close()
 
@@ -3463,7 +3404,7 @@ def open(
     exclusive_fp = False
     filename: str | bytes = ""
     if is_path(fp):
-        filename = os.path.realpath(os.fspath(fp))
+        filename = os.fspath(fp)
 
     if filename:
         fp = builtins.open(filename, "rb")
@@ -3893,7 +3834,7 @@ class Exif(_ExifBase):
       gps_ifd = exif.get_ifd(ExifTags.IFD.GPSInfo)
       print(gps_ifd)
 
-    Other IFDs include ``ExifTags.IFD.Exif``, ``ExifTags.IFD.Makernote``,
+    Other IFDs include ``ExifTags.IFD.Exif``, ``ExifTags.IFD.MakerNote``,
     ``ExifTags.IFD.Interop`` and ``ExifTags.IFD.IFD1``.
 
     :py:mod:`~PIL.ExifTags` also has enum classes to provide names for data::
@@ -4027,6 +3968,9 @@ class Exif(_ExifBase):
 
         head = self._get_head()
         ifd = TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2(ifh=head)
+        for tag, ifd_dict in self._ifds.items():
+            if tag not in self:
+                ifd[tag] = ifd_dict
         for tag, value in self.items():
             if tag in [
                 ExifTags.IFD.Exif,
@@ -4056,11 +4000,11 @@ class Exif(_ExifBase):
                     ifd = self._get_ifd_dict(offset, tag)
                     if ifd is not None:
                         self._ifds[tag] = ifd
-            elif tag in [ExifTags.IFD.Interop, ExifTags.IFD.Makernote]:
+            elif tag in [ExifTags.IFD.Interop, ExifTags.IFD.MakerNote]:
                 if ExifTags.IFD.Exif not in self._ifds:
                     self.get_ifd(ExifTags.IFD.Exif)
                 tag_data = self._ifds[ExifTags.IFD.Exif][tag]
-                if tag == ExifTags.IFD.Makernote:
+                if tag == ExifTags.IFD.MakerNote:
                     from .TiffImagePlugin import ImageFileDirectory_v2
 
                     if tag_data[:8] == b"FUJIFILM":
@@ -4147,7 +4091,7 @@ class Exif(_ExifBase):
             ifd = {
                 k: v
                 for (k, v) in ifd.items()
-                if k not in (ExifTags.IFD.Interop, ExifTags.IFD.Makernote)
+                if k not in (ExifTags.IFD.Interop, ExifTags.IFD.MakerNote)
             }
         return ifd
 

src/PIL/ImageFile.py

@@ -31,18 +31,21 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import abc
 import io
 import itertools
+import logging
 import os
 import struct
 import sys
 from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, NamedTuple, cast
 
-from . import Image
+from . import ExifTags, Image
 from ._deprecate import deprecate
-from ._util import is_path
+from ._util import DeferredError, is_path
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from ._typing import StrOrBytesPath
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 MAXBLOCK = 65536
 
 SAFEBLOCK = 1024 * 1024
@@ -98,8 +101,8 @@ def _tilesort(t: _Tile) -> int:
 class _Tile(NamedTuple):
     codec_name: str
     extents: tuple[int, int, int, int] | None
-    offset: int
+    offset: int = 0
-    args: tuple[Any, ...] | str | None
+    args: tuple[Any, ...] | str | None = None
 
 
 #
@@ -120,7 +123,7 @@ class ImageFile(Image.Image):
         self.custom_mimetype: str | None = None
 
         self.tile: list[_Tile] = []
-        """ A list of tile descriptors, or ``None`` """
+        """ A list of tile descriptors """
 
         self.readonly = 1  # until we know better
 
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ class ImageFile(Image.Image):
         if is_path(fp):
             # filename
             self.fp = open(fp, "rb")
-            self.filename = os.path.realpath(os.fspath(fp))
+            self.filename = os.fspath(fp)
             self._exclusive_fp = True
         else:
             # stream
@@ -163,6 +166,85 @@ class ImageFile(Image.Image):
     def _open(self) -> None:
         pass
 
+    def _close_fp(self):
+        if getattr(self, "_fp", False):
+            if self._fp != self.fp:
+                self._fp.close()
+            self._fp = DeferredError(ValueError("Operation on closed image"))
+        if self.fp:
+            self.fp.close()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Closes the file pointer, if possible.
+
+        This operation will destroy the image core and release its memory.
+        The image data will be unusable afterward.
+
+        This function is required to close images that have multiple frames or
+        have not had their file read and closed by the
+        :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.load` method. See :ref:`file-handling` for
+        more information.
+        """
+        try:
+            self._close_fp()
+            self.fp = None
+        except Exception as msg:
+            logger.debug("Error closing: %s", msg)
+
+        super().close()
+
+    def get_child_images(self) -> list[ImageFile]:
+        child_images = []
+        exif = self.getexif()
+        ifds = []
+        if ExifTags.Base.SubIFDs in exif:
+            subifd_offsets = exif[ExifTags.Base.SubIFDs]
+            if subifd_offsets:
+                if not isinstance(subifd_offsets, tuple):
+                    subifd_offsets = (subifd_offsets,)
+                for subifd_offset in subifd_offsets:
+                    ifds.append((exif._get_ifd_dict(subifd_offset), subifd_offset))
+        ifd1 = exif.get_ifd(ExifTags.IFD.IFD1)
+        if ifd1 and ifd1.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFOffset):
+            assert exif._info is not None
+            ifds.append((ifd1, exif._info.next))
+
+        offset = None
+        for ifd, ifd_offset in ifds:
+            assert self.fp is not None
+            current_offset = self.fp.tell()
+            if offset is None:
+                offset = current_offset
+
+            fp = self.fp
+            if ifd is not None:
+                thumbnail_offset = ifd.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFOffset)
+                if thumbnail_offset is not None:
+                    thumbnail_offset += getattr(self, "_exif_offset", 0)
+                    self.fp.seek(thumbnail_offset)
+
+                    length = ifd.get(ExifTags.Base.JpegIFByteCount)
+                    assert isinstance(length, int)
+                    data = self.fp.read(length)
+                    fp = io.BytesIO(data)
+
+            with Image.open(fp) as im:
+                from . import TiffImagePlugin
+
+                if thumbnail_offset is None and isinstance(
+                    im, TiffImagePlugin.TiffImageFile
+                ):
+                    im._frame_pos = [ifd_offset]
+                    im._seek(0)
+                im.load()
+                child_images.append(im)
+
+        if offset is not None:
+            assert self.fp is not None
+            self.fp.seek(offset)
+        return child_images
+
     def get_format_mimetype(self) -> str | None:
         if self.custom_mimetype:
             return self.custom_mimetype

src/PIL/ImageFilter.py

@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ class Color3DLUT(MultibandFilter):
         ch_out = channels or ch_in
         size_1d, size_2d, size_3d = self.size
 
-        table = [0] * (size_1d * size_2d * size_3d * ch_out)
+        table: list[float] = [0] * (size_1d * size_2d * size_3d * ch_out)
         idx_in = 0
         idx_out = 0
         for b in range(size_3d):

src/PIL/ImageFont.py

@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class FreeTypeFont:
             )
 
         if is_path(font):
-            font = os.path.realpath(os.fspath(font))
+            font = os.fspath(font)
             if sys.platform == "win32":
                 font_bytes_path = font if isinstance(font, bytes) else font.encode()
                 try:

src/PIL/ImageGrab.py

@@ -104,28 +104,17 @@ def grab(
 
 def grabclipboard() -> Image.Image | list[str] | None:
     if sys.platform == "darwin":
-        fh, filepath = tempfile.mkstemp(".png")
+        p = subprocess.run(
-        os.close(fh)
+            ["osascript", "-e", "get the clipboard as «class PNGf»"],
-        commands = [
+            capture_output=True,
-            'set theFile to (open for access POSIX file "'
+        )
-            + filepath
+        if p.returncode != 0:
-            + '" with write permission)',
+            return None
-            "try",
-            "    write (the clipboard as «class PNGf») to theFile",
-            "end try",
-            "close access theFile",
-        ]
-        script = ["osascript"]
-        for command in commands:
-            script += ["-e", command]
-        subprocess.call(script)
 
-        im = None
+        import binascii
-        if os.stat(filepath).st_size != 0:
+
-            im = Image.open(filepath)
+        data = io.BytesIO(binascii.unhexlify(p.stdout[11:-3]))
-            im.load()
+        return Image.open(data)
-        os.unlink(filepath)
-        return im
     elif sys.platform == "win32":
         fmt, data = Image.core.grabclipboard_win32()
         if fmt == "file":  # CF_HDROP

src/PIL/ImageOps.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import functools
 import operator
 import re
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import Protocol, cast
+from typing import Literal, Protocol, cast, overload
 
 from . import ExifTags, Image, ImagePalette
 
@@ -673,6 +673,16 @@ def solarize(image: Image.Image, threshold: int = 128) -> Image.Image:
     return _lut(image, lut)
 
 
+@overload
+def exif_transpose(image: Image.Image, *, in_place: Literal[True]) -> None: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def exif_transpose(
+    image: Image.Image, *, in_place: Literal[False] = False
+) -> Image.Image: ...
+
+
 def exif_transpose(image: Image.Image, *, in_place: bool = False) -> Image.Image | None:
     """
     If an image has an EXIF Orientation tag, other than 1, transpose the image
@@ -698,10 +708,11 @@ def exif_transpose(image: Image.Image, *, in_place: bool = False) -> Image.Image
         8: Image.Transpose.ROTATE_90,
     }.get(orientation)
     if method is not None:
-        transposed_image = image.transpose(method)
         if in_place:
-            image.im = transposed_image.im
+            image.im = image.im.transpose(method)
-            image._size = transposed_image._size
+            image._size = image.im.size
+        else:
+            transposed_image = image.transpose(method)
         exif_image = image if in_place else transposed_image
 
         exif = exif_image.getexif()

src/PIL/ImtImagePlugin.py

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class ImtImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                         "raw",
                         (0, 0) + self.size,
                         self.fp.tell() - len(buffer),
-                        (self.mode, 0, 1),
+                        self.mode,
                     )
                 ]
 

src/PIL/Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py

@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@ class Jpeg2KImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         if sig == b"\xff\x4f\xff\x51":
             self.codec = "j2k"
             self._size, self._mode = _parse_codestream(self.fp)
+            self._parse_comment()
         else:
             sig = sig + self.fp.read(8)
 
@@ -262,6 +263,9 @@ class Jpeg2KImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                 if dpi is not None:
                     self.info["dpi"] = dpi
                 if self.fp.read(12).endswith(b"jp2c\xff\x4f\xff\x51"):
+                    hdr = self.fp.read(2)
+                    length = _binary.i16be(hdr)
+                    self.fp.seek(length - 2, os.SEEK_CUR)
                     self._parse_comment()
             else:
                 msg = "not a JPEG 2000 file"
@@ -296,10 +300,6 @@ class Jpeg2KImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         ]
 
     def _parse_comment(self) -> None:
-        hdr = self.fp.read(2)
-        length = _binary.i16be(hdr)
-        self.fp.seek(length - 2, os.SEEK_CUR)
-
         while True:
             marker = self.fp.read(2)
             if not marker:

src/PIL/JpegImagePlugin.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def APP(self: JpegImageFile, marker: int) -> None:
     n = i16(self.fp.read(2)) - 2
     s = ImageFile._safe_read(self.fp, n)
 
-    app = "APP%d" % (marker & 15)
+    app = f"APP{marker & 15}"
 
     self.app[app] = s  # compatibility
     self.applist.append((app, s))
@@ -90,6 +90,9 @@ def APP(self: JpegImageFile, marker: int) -> None:
         else:
             if jfif_unit == 1:
                 self.info["dpi"] = jfif_density
+            elif jfif_unit == 2:  # cm
+                # 1 dpcm = 2.54 dpi
+                self.info["dpi"] = tuple(d * 2.54 for d in jfif_density)
             self.info["jfif_unit"] = jfif_unit
             self.info["jfif_density"] = jfif_density
     elif marker == 0xFFE1 and s[:6] == b"Exif\0\0":
@@ -395,6 +398,13 @@ class JpegImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             return getattr(self, "_" + name)
         raise AttributeError(name)
 
+    def __getstate__(self) -> list[Any]:
+        return super().__getstate__() + [self.layers, self.layer]
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state: list[Any]) -> None:
+        super().__setstate__(state)
+        self.layers, self.layer = state[5:]
+
     def load_read(self, read_bytes: int) -> bytes:
         """
         internal: read more image data
@@ -751,7 +761,7 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
     extra = info.get("extra", b"")
 
     MAX_BYTES_IN_MARKER = 65533
-    xmp = info.get("xmp", im.info.get("xmp"))
+    xmp = info.get("xmp")
     if xmp:
         overhead_len = 29  # b"http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\x00"
         max_data_bytes_in_marker = MAX_BYTES_IN_MARKER - overhead_len

src/PIL/MspImagePlugin.py

@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ class MspImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         self._size = i16(s, 4), i16(s, 6)
 
         if s[:4] == b"DanM":
-            self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, 32, ("1", 0, 1))]
+            self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("raw", (0, 0) + self.size, 32, "1")]
         else:
-            self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("MSP", (0, 0) + self.size, 32, None)]
+            self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("MSP", (0, 0) + self.size, 32)]
 
 
 class MspDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
         fp.write(o16(h))
 
     # image body
-    ImageFile._save(im, fp, [ImageFile._Tile("raw", (0, 0) + im.size, 32, ("1", 0, 1))])
+    ImageFile._save(im, fp, [ImageFile._Tile("raw", (0, 0) + im.size, 32, "1")])
 
 
 #

src/PIL/PcdImagePlugin.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class PcdImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         self._mode = "RGB"
         self._size = 768, 512  # FIXME: not correct for rotated images!
-        self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("pcd", (0, 0) + self.size, 96 * 2048, None)]
+        self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile("pcd", (0, 0) + self.size, 96 * 2048)]
 
     def load_end(self) -> None:
         if self.tile_post_rotate:

src/PIL/PcxImagePlugin.py

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class PcxImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         elif bits == 1 and planes in (2, 4):
             mode = "P"
-            rawmode = "P;%dL" % planes
+            rawmode = f"P;{planes}L"
             self.palette = ImagePalette.raw("RGB", s[16:64])
 
         elif version == 5 and bits == 8 and planes == 1: