Merge branch 'main' into xmp

.github/workflows/wheels-test.sh

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ elif [ "${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}" == "musllinux" ]; then
 else
     yum install -y fribidi
 fi
-if [ "${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}" != "musllinux" ]; then
+if [ "${AUDITWHEEL_POLICY::9}" != "musllinux" ] && !([[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]] && [[ $(python3 --version) == *"3.13."* ]]); then
     python3 -m pip install numpy
 fi
 

.github/workflows/wheels.yml

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ jobs:
           - cp310
           - cp311
           - cp312
+          - cp313
         spec:
           - manylinux2014
           - manylinux_2_28
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ jobs:
           CIBW_ARCHS: "aarch64"
           # Likewise, select only one Python version per job to speed this up.
           CIBW_BUILD: "${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.spec == 'musllinux' && 'musllinux' || 'manylinux' }}*"
+          CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS: True
           # Extra options for manylinux.
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.spec }}
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_AARCH64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.spec }}
@@ -133,6 +135,7 @@ jobs:
           CIBW_BUILD: ${{ matrix.build }}
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_PYPY_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
           CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: ${{ matrix.manylinux }}
+          CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS: True
           CIBW_SKIP: pp38-*
           CIBW_TEST_SKIP: cp38-macosx_arm64
           MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: ${{ matrix.macosx_deployment_target }}
@@ -204,6 +207,7 @@ jobs:
           CIBW_ARCHS: ${{ matrix.cibw_arch }}
           CIBW_BEFORE_ALL: "{package}\\winbuild\\build\\build_dep_all.cmd"
           CIBW_CACHE_PATH: "C:\\cibw"
+          CIBW_PRERELEASE_PYTHONS: True
           CIBW_SKIP: pp38-*
           CIBW_TEST_SKIP: "*-win_arm64"
           CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: 'docker run --rm

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.4.3
+    rev: v0.4.7
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: [--exit-non-zero-on-fix]
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ repos:
         exclude: (Makefile$|\.bat$|\.cmake$|\.eps$|\.fits$|\.gd$|\.opt$)
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
-    rev: v18.1.4
+    rev: v18.1.5
     hooks:
       - id: clang-format
         types: [c]
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ repos:
         exclude: ^.github/.*TEMPLATE|^Tests/(fonts|images)/
 
   - repo: https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema
-    rev: 0.28.2
+    rev: 0.28.4
     hooks:
       - id: check-github-workflows
       - id: check-readthedocs
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ repos:
       - id: pyproject-fmt
 
   - repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
-    rev: v0.16
+    rev: v0.18
     hooks:
       - id: validate-pyproject
 

CHANGES.rst

@@ -5,6 +5,15 @@ Changelog (Pillow)
 10.4.0 (unreleased)
 -------------------
 
+- Added ImageDraw circle() #8085
+  [void4, hugovk, radarhere]
+
+- Add mypy target to Makefile #8077
+  [Yay295]
+
+- Added more modes to Image.MODES #7984
+  [radarhere]
+
 - Deprecate BGR;15, BGR;16 and BGR;24 modes #7978
   [radarhere, hugovk]
 

Makefile

@@ -118,3 +118,8 @@ lint-fix:
 	python3 -m black .
 	python3 -c "import ruff" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install ruff
 	python3 -m ruff --fix .
+
+.PHONY: mypy
+mypy:
+	python3 -c "import tox" > /dev/null 2>&1 || python3 -m pip install tox
+	python3 -m tox -e mypy

Tests/helper.py

@@ -174,12 +174,13 @@ def skip_unless_feature(feature: str) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
 def skip_unless_feature_version(
     feature: str, required: str, reason: str | None = None
 ) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
-    if not features.check(feature):
+    version = features.version(feature)
+    if version is None:
         return pytest.mark.skip(f"{feature} not available")
     if reason is None:
         reason = f"{feature} is older than {required}"
     version_required = parse_version(required)
-    version_available = parse_version(features.version(feature))
+    version_available = parse_version(version)
     return pytest.mark.skipif(version_available < version_required, reason=reason)
 
 
@@ -189,12 +190,13 @@ def mark_if_feature_version(
     version_blacklist: str,
     reason: str | None = None,
 ) -> pytest.MarkDecorator:
-    if not features.check(feature):
+    version = features.version(feature)
+    if version is None:
         return pytest.mark.pil_noop_mark()
     if reason is None:
         reason = f"{feature} is {version_blacklist}"
     version_required = parse_version(version_blacklist)
-    version_available = parse_version(features.version(feature))
+    version_available = parse_version(version)
     if (
         version_available.major == version_required.major
         and version_available.minor == version_required.minor
@@ -220,16 +222,11 @@ class PillowLeakTestCase:
         from resource import RUSAGE_SELF, getrusage
 
         mem = getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF).ru_maxrss
-        if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        # man 2 getrusage:
-            # man 2 getrusage:
+        #     ru_maxrss
-            #     ru_maxrss
+        # This is the maximum resident set size utilized
-            # This is the maximum resident set size utilized (in bytes).
+        # in bytes on macOS, in kilobytes on Linux
-            return mem / 1024  # Kb
+        return mem / 1024 if sys.platform == "darwin" else mem
-        # linux
-        # man 2 getrusage
-        #        ru_maxrss (since Linux 2.6.32)
-        #  This is the maximum resident set size used (in kilobytes).
-        return mem  # Kb
 
     def _test_leak(self, core: Callable[[], None]) -> None:
         start_mem = self._get_mem_usage()

Tests/oss-fuzz/test_fuzzers.py

@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ from Tests.helper import skip_unless_feature
 
 if sys.platform.startswith("win32"):
     pytest.skip("Fuzzer is linux only", allow_module_level=True)
-if features.check("libjpeg_turbo"):
+libjpeg_turbo_version = features.version("libjpeg_turbo")
-    version = packaging.version.parse(features.version("libjpeg_turbo"))
+if libjpeg_turbo_version is not None:
+    version = packaging.version.parse(libjpeg_turbo_version)
     if version.major == 2 and version.minor == 0:
         pytestmark = pytest.mark.valgrind_known_error(
             reason="Known failing with libjpeg_turbo 2.0"

Tests/test_features.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def test_version() -> None:
     # Check the correctness of the convenience function
     # and the format of version numbers
 
-    def test(name: str, function: Callable[[str], bool]) -> None:
+    def test(name: str, function: Callable[[str], str | None]) -> None:
         version = features.version(name)
         if not features.check(name):
             assert version is None
@@ -67,12 +67,16 @@ def test_webp_anim() -> None:
 
 @skip_unless_feature("libjpeg_turbo")
 def test_libjpeg_turbo_version() -> None:
-    assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", features.version("libjpeg_turbo"))
+    version = features.version("libjpeg_turbo")
+    assert version is not None
+    assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", version)
 
 
 @skip_unless_feature("libimagequant")
 def test_libimagequant_version() -> None:
-    assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", features.version("libimagequant"))
+    version = features.version("libimagequant")
+    assert version is not None
+    assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", version)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("feature", features.modules)

Tests/test_file_gif.py

@@ -1252,10 +1252,11 @@ def test_palette_save_L(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
     im = hopper("P")
     im_l = Image.frombytes("L", im.size, im.tobytes())
-    palette = bytes(im.getpalette())
+    palette = im.getpalette()
+    assert palette is not None
 
     out = str(tmp_path / "temp.gif")
-    im_l.save(out, palette=palette)
+    im_l.save(out, palette=bytes(palette))
 
     with Image.open(out) as reloaded:
         assert_image_equal(reloaded.convert("RGB"), im.convert("RGB"))

Tests/test_file_jpeg.py

@@ -70,7 +70,9 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
 
     def test_sanity(self) -> None:
         # internal version number
-        assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+$", features.version_codec("jpg"))
+        version = features.version_codec("jpg")
+        assert version is not None
+        assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+$", version)
 
         with Image.open(TEST_FILE) as im:
             im.load()
@@ -152,7 +154,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
             assert k > 0.9
 
     def test_rgb(self) -> None:
-        def getchannels(im: Image.Image) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+        def getchannels(im: JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
             return tuple(v[0] for v in im.layer)
 
         im = hopper()
@@ -441,7 +443,7 @@ class TestFileJpeg:
         assert_image(im1, im2.mode, im2.size)
 
     def test_subsampling(self) -> None:
-        def getsampling(im: Image.Image):
+        def getsampling(im: JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile):
             layer = im.layer
             return layer[0][1:3] + layer[1][1:3] + layer[2][1:3]
 

Tests/test_file_jpeg2k.py

@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ def roundtrip(im: Image.Image, **options: Any) -> Image.Image:
 
 def test_sanity() -> None:
     # Internal version number
-    assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", features.version_codec("jpg_2000"))
+    version = features.version_codec("jpg_2000")
+    assert version is not None
+    assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", version)
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/test-card-lossless.jp2") as im:
         px = im.load()

Tests/test_file_libtiff.py

@@ -52,7 +52,9 @@ class LibTiffTestCase:
 
 class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
     def test_version(self) -> None:
-        assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", features.version_codec("libtiff"))
+        version = features.version_codec("libtiff")
+        assert version is not None
+        assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", version)
 
     def test_g4_tiff(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         """Test the ordinary file path load path"""
@@ -666,7 +668,8 @@ class TestFileLibTiff(LibTiffTestCase):
             pilim.save(buffer_io, format="tiff", compression=compression)
             buffer_io.seek(0)
 
-            assert_image_similar_tofile(pilim, buffer_io, 0)
+            with Image.open(buffer_io) as saved_im:
+                assert_image_similar(pilim, saved_im, 0)
 
         save_bytesio()
         save_bytesio("raw")

Tests/test_file_png.py

@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ class TestFilePng:
 
     def test_sanity(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         # internal version number
-        assert re.search(
+        version = features.version_codec("zlib")
-            r"\d+(\.\d+){1,3}(\.zlib\-ng)?$", features.version_codec("zlib")
+        assert version is not None
-        )
+        assert re.search(r"\d+(\.\d+){1,3}(\.zlib\-ng)?$", version)
 
         test_file = str(tmp_path / "temp.png")
 

Tests/test_file_webp.py

@@ -49,7 +49,9 @@ class TestFileWebp:
     def test_version(self) -> None:
         _webp.WebPDecoderVersion()
         _webp.WebPDecoderBuggyAlpha()
-        assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", features.version_module("webp"))
+        version = features.version_module("webp")
+        assert version is not None
+        assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", version)
 
     def test_read_rgb(self) -> None:
         """

Tests/test_file_webp_animated.py

@@ -52,8 +52,9 @@ def test_write_animation_L(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
             assert_image_similar(im, orig.convert("RGBA"), 32.9)
 
             if is_big_endian():
-                webp = parse_version(features.version_module("webp"))
+                version = features.version_module("webp")
-                if webp < parse_version("1.2.2"):
+                assert version is not None
+                if parse_version(version) < parse_version("1.2.2"):
                     pytest.skip("Fails with libwebp earlier than 1.2.2")
             orig.seek(orig.n_frames - 1)
             im.seek(im.n_frames - 1)
@@ -78,8 +79,9 @@ def test_write_animation_RGB(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
             # Compare second frame to original
             if is_big_endian():
-                webp = parse_version(features.version_module("webp"))
+                version = features.version_module("webp")
-                if webp < parse_version("1.2.2"):
+                assert version is not None
+                if parse_version(version) < parse_version("1.2.2"):
                     pytest.skip("Fails with libwebp earlier than 1.2.2")
             im.seek(1)
             im.load()

Tests/test_font_leaks.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class TestTTypeFontLeak(PillowLeakTestCase):
     iterations = 10
     mem_limit = 4096  # k
 
-    def _test_font(self, font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
+    def _test_font(self, font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont | ImageFont.ImageFont) -> None:
         im = Image.new("RGB", (255, 255), "white")
         draw = ImageDraw.ImageDraw(im)
         self._test_leak(

Tests/test_image.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from PIL import (
 from .helper import (
     assert_image_equal,
     assert_image_equal_tofile,
+    assert_image_similar,
     assert_image_similar_tofile,
     assert_not_all_same,
     hopper,
@@ -99,10 +100,18 @@ class TestImage:
         JPGFILE = "Tests/images/hopper.jpg"
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            with Image.open(PNGFILE, formats=123):
+            with Image.open(PNGFILE, formats=123):  # type: ignore[arg-type]
                 pass
 
-        for formats in [["JPEG"], ("JPEG",), ["jpeg"], ["Jpeg"], ["jPeG"], ["JpEg"]]:
+        format_list: list[list[str] | tuple[str, ...]] = [
+            ["JPEG"],
+            ("JPEG",),
+            ["jpeg"],
+            ["Jpeg"],
+            ["jPeG"],
+            ["JpEg"],
+        ]
+        for formats in format_list:
             with pytest.raises(UnidentifiedImageError):
                 with Image.open(PNGFILE, formats=formats):
                     pass
@@ -138,7 +147,7 @@ class TestImage:
 
     def test_bad_mode(self) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            with Image.open("filename", "bad mode"):
+            with Image.open("filename", "bad mode"):  # type: ignore[arg-type]
                 pass
 
     def test_stringio(self) -> None:
@@ -185,7 +194,8 @@ class TestImage:
         with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as fp:
             im.save(fp, "JPEG")
             fp.seek(0)
-            assert_image_similar_tofile(im, fp, 20)
+            with Image.open(fp) as reloaded:
+                assert_image_similar(im, reloaded, 20)
 
     def test_unknown_extension(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         im = hopper()
@@ -497,9 +507,11 @@ class TestImage:
     def test_check_size(self) -> None:
         # Checking that the _check_size function throws value errors when we want it to
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            Image.new("RGB", 0)  # not a tuple
+            # not a tuple
+            Image.new("RGB", 0)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            Image.new("RGB", (0,))  # Tuple too short
+            # tuple too short
+            Image.new("RGB", (0,))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             Image.new("RGB", (-1, -1))  # w,h < 0
 

Tests/test_image_array.py

@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ def test_fromarray() -> None:
     assert test("RGBX") == ("RGBA", (128, 100), True)
 
     # Test mode is None with no "typestr" in the array interface
+    wrapped = Wrapper(hopper("L"), {"shape": (100, 128)})
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        wrapped = Wrapper(test("L"), {"shape": (100, 128)})
         Image.fromarray(wrapped)
 
 

Tests/test_image_crop.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def test_crop(mode: str) -> None:
 
 
 def test_wide_crop() -> None:
-    def crop(*bbox: int) -> tuple[int, ...]:
+    def crop(bbox: tuple[int, int, int, int]) -> tuple[int, ...]:
         i = im.crop(bbox)
         h = i.histogram()
         while h and not h[-1]:
@@ -27,23 +27,23 @@ def test_wide_crop() -> None:
 
     im = Image.new("L", (100, 100), 1)
 
-    assert crop(0, 0, 100, 100) == (0, 10000)
+    assert crop((0, 0, 100, 100)) == (0, 10000)
-    assert crop(25, 25, 75, 75) == (0, 2500)
+    assert crop((25, 25, 75, 75)) == (0, 2500)
 
     # sides
-    assert crop(-25, 0, 25, 50) == (1250, 1250)
+    assert crop((-25, 0, 25, 50)) == (1250, 1250)
-    assert crop(0, -25, 50, 25) == (1250, 1250)
+    assert crop((0, -25, 50, 25)) == (1250, 1250)
-    assert crop(75, 0, 125, 50) == (1250, 1250)
+    assert crop((75, 0, 125, 50)) == (1250, 1250)
-    assert crop(0, 75, 50, 125) == (1250, 1250)
+    assert crop((0, 75, 50, 125)) == (1250, 1250)
 
-    assert crop(-25, 25, 125, 75) == (2500, 5000)
+    assert crop((-25, 25, 125, 75)) == (2500, 5000)
-    assert crop(25, -25, 75, 125) == (2500, 5000)
+    assert crop((25, -25, 75, 125)) == (2500, 5000)
 
     # corners
-    assert crop(-25, -25, 25, 25) == (1875, 625)
+    assert crop((-25, -25, 25, 25)) == (1875, 625)
-    assert crop(75, -25, 125, 25) == (1875, 625)
+    assert crop((75, -25, 125, 25)) == (1875, 625)
-    assert crop(75, 75, 125, 125) == (1875, 625)
+    assert crop((75, 75, 125, 125)) == (1875, 625)
-    assert crop(-25, 75, 25, 125) == (1875, 625)
+    assert crop((-25, 75, 25, 125)) == (1875, 625)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("box", ((8, 2, 2, 8), (2, 8, 8, 2), (8, 8, 2, 2)))

Tests/test_image_filter.py

@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ def test_sanity(filter_to_apply: ImageFilter.Filter, mode: str) -> None:
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("L", "I", "RGB", "CMYK"))
 def test_sanity_error(mode: str) -> None:
+    im = hopper(mode)
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        im = hopper(mode)
+        im.filter("hello")  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-        im.filter("hello")
 
 
 # crashes on small images

Tests/test_image_getextrema.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from .helper import hopper
 
 
 def test_extrema() -> None:
-    def extrema(mode: str) -> tuple[int, int] | tuple[tuple[int, int], ...]:
+    def extrema(mode: str) -> tuple[float, float] | tuple[tuple[int, int], ...]:
         return hopper(mode).getextrema()
 
     assert extrema("1") == (0, 255)

Tests/test_image_quantize.py

@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 def test_libimagequant_quantize() -> None:
     image = hopper()
     if is_ppc64le():
-        libimagequant = parse_version(features.version_feature("libimagequant"))
+        version = features.version_feature("libimagequant")
-        if libimagequant < parse_version("4"):
+        assert version is not None
+        if parse_version(version) < parse_version("4"):
             pytest.skip("Fails with libimagequant earlier than 4.0.0 on ppc64le")
     converted = image.quantize(100, Image.Quantize.LIBIMAGEQUANT)
     assert converted.mode == "P"

Tests/test_image_reduce.py

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ def test_unsupported_modes(mode: str) -> None:
 def get_image(mode: str) -> Image.Image:
     mode_info = ImageMode.getmode(mode)
     if mode_info.basetype == "L":
-        bands = [gradients_image]
+        bands: list[Image.Image] = [gradients_image]
         for _ in mode_info.bands[1:]:
             # rotate previous image
             band = bands[-1].transpose(Image.Transpose.ROTATE_90)

Tests/test_imagecms.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import shutil
 import sys
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Literal, cast
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -60,10 +60,13 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
     assert list(map(type, v)) == [str, str, str, str]
 
     # internal version number
-    assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+(\.\d+)?$", features.version_module("littlecms2"))
+    version = features.version_module("littlecms2")
+    assert version is not None
+    assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+(\.\d+)?$", version)
 
     skip_missing()
     i = ImageCms.profileToProfile(hopper(), SRGB, SRGB)
+    assert i is not None
     assert_image(i, "RGB", (128, 128))
 
     i = hopper()
@@ -72,23 +75,27 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
 
     t = ImageCms.buildTransform(SRGB, SRGB, "RGB", "RGB")
     i = ImageCms.applyTransform(hopper(), t)
+    assert i is not None
     assert_image(i, "RGB", (128, 128))
 
     with hopper() as i:
         t = ImageCms.buildTransform(SRGB, SRGB, "RGB", "RGB")
         ImageCms.applyTransform(hopper(), t, inPlace=True)
+        assert i is not None
         assert_image(i, "RGB", (128, 128))
 
     p = ImageCms.createProfile("sRGB")
     o = ImageCms.getOpenProfile(SRGB)
     t = ImageCms.buildTransformFromOpenProfiles(p, o, "RGB", "RGB")
     i = ImageCms.applyTransform(hopper(), t)
+    assert i is not None
     assert_image(i, "RGB", (128, 128))
 
     t = ImageCms.buildProofTransform(SRGB, SRGB, SRGB, "RGB", "RGB")
     assert t.inputMode == "RGB"
     assert t.outputMode == "RGB"
     i = ImageCms.applyTransform(hopper(), t)
+    assert i is not None
     assert_image(i, "RGB", (128, 128))
 
     # test PointTransform convenience API
@@ -202,13 +209,13 @@ def test_exceptions() -> None:
         ImageCms.buildTransform("foo", "bar", "RGB", "RGB")
 
     with pytest.raises(ImageCms.PyCMSError, match="Invalid type for Profile"):
-        ImageCms.getProfileName(None)
+        ImageCms.getProfileName(None)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
     skip_missing()
 
     # Python <= 3.9: "an integer is required (got type NoneType)"
     # Python > 3.9: "'NoneType' object cannot be interpreted as an integer"
     with pytest.raises(ImageCms.PyCMSError, match="integer"):
-        ImageCms.isIntentSupported(SRGB, None, None)
+        ImageCms.isIntentSupported(SRGB, None, None)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
 def test_display_profile() -> None:
@@ -232,7 +239,7 @@ def test_unsupported_color_space() -> None:
             "Color space not supported for on-the-fly profile creation (unsupported)"
         ),
     ):
-        ImageCms.createProfile("unsupported")
+        ImageCms.createProfile("unsupported")  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
 def test_invalid_color_temperature() -> None:
@@ -240,7 +247,7 @@ def test_invalid_color_temperature() -> None:
         ImageCms.PyCMSError,
         match='Color temperature must be numeric, "invalid" not valid',
     ):
-        ImageCms.createProfile("LAB", "invalid")
+        ImageCms.createProfile("LAB", "invalid")  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("flag", ("my string", -1))
@@ -249,7 +256,7 @@ def test_invalid_flag(flag: str | int) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(
             ImageCms.PyCMSError, match="flags must be an integer between 0 and "
         ):
-            ImageCms.profileToProfile(im, "foo", "bar", flags=flag)
+            ImageCms.profileToProfile(im, "foo", "bar", flags=flag)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
 def test_simple_lab() -> None:
@@ -260,7 +267,7 @@ def test_simple_lab() -> None:
     t = ImageCms.buildTransform(psRGB, pLab, "RGB", "LAB")
 
     i_lab = ImageCms.applyTransform(i, t)
-
+    assert i_lab is not None
     assert i_lab.mode == "LAB"
 
     k = i_lab.getpixel((0, 0))
@@ -284,6 +291,7 @@ def test_lab_color() -> None:
     # Need to add a type mapping for some PIL type to TYPE_Lab_8 in findLCMSType, and
     # have that mapping work back to a PIL mode (likely RGB).
     i = ImageCms.applyTransform(hopper(), t)
+    assert i is not None
     assert_image(i, "LAB", (128, 128))
 
     # i.save('temp.lab.tif')  # visually verified vs PS.
@@ -298,6 +306,7 @@ def test_lab_srgb() -> None:
 
     with Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.Lab.tif") as img:
         img_srgb = ImageCms.applyTransform(img, t)
+    assert img_srgb is not None
 
     # img_srgb.save('temp.srgb.tif') # visually verified vs ps.
 
@@ -317,11 +326,11 @@ def test_lab_roundtrip() -> None:
     t2 = ImageCms.buildTransform(pLab, psRGB, "LAB", "RGB")
 
     i = ImageCms.applyTransform(hopper(), t)
-
+    assert i is not None
     assert i.info["icc_profile"] == ImageCmsProfile(pLab).tobytes()
 
     out = ImageCms.applyTransform(i, t2)
-
+    assert out is not None
     assert_image_similar(hopper(), out, 2)
 
 
@@ -343,7 +352,7 @@ def test_extended_information() -> None:
     p = o.profile
 
     def assert_truncated_tuple_equal(
-        tup1: tuple[Any, ...], tup2: tuple[Any, ...], digits: int = 10
+        tup1: tuple[Any, ...] | None, tup2: tuple[Any, ...], digits: int = 10
     ) -> None:
         # Helper function to reduce precision of tuples of floats
         # recursively and then check equality.
@@ -359,6 +368,7 @@ def test_extended_information() -> None:
                 for val in tuple_value
             )
 
+        assert tup1 is not None
         assert truncate_tuple(tup1) == truncate_tuple(tup2)
 
     assert p.attributes == 4294967296
@@ -504,22 +514,22 @@ def test_non_ascii_path(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 def test_profile_typesafety() -> None:
     # does not segfault
     with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Invalid type for Profile"):
-        ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile(0).tobytes()
+        ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile(0)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
     with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Invalid type for Profile"):
-        ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile(1).tobytes()
+        ImageCms.ImageCmsProfile(1)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
     # also check core function
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        ImageCms.core.profile_tobytes(0)
+        ImageCms.core.profile_tobytes(0)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        ImageCms.core.profile_tobytes(1)
+        ImageCms.core.profile_tobytes(1)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
     if not is_pypy():
         # core profile should not be directly instantiable
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
             ImageCms.core.CmsProfile()
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            ImageCms.core.CmsProfile(0)
+            ImageCms.core.CmsProfile(0)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(is_pypy(), reason="fails on PyPy")
@@ -528,7 +538,7 @@ def test_transform_typesafety() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
         ImageCms.core.CmsTransform()
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        ImageCms.core.CmsTransform(0)
+        ImageCms.core.CmsTransform(0)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
 
 
 def assert_aux_channel_preserved(
@@ -578,11 +588,13 @@ def assert_aux_channel_preserved(
     )
 
     # apply transform
+    result_image: Image.Image | None
     if transform_in_place:
         ImageCms.applyTransform(source_image, t, inPlace=True)
         result_image = source_image
     else:
         result_image = ImageCms.applyTransform(source_image, t, inPlace=False)
+    assert result_image is not None
     result_image_aux = result_image.getchannel(preserved_channel)
 
     assert_image_equal(source_image_aux, result_image_aux)
@@ -628,7 +640,8 @@ def test_auxiliary_channels_isolated() -> None:
                     continue
 
                 # convert with and without AUX data, test colors are equal
-                source_profile = ImageCms.createProfile(src_format[1])
+                src_colorSpace = cast(Literal["LAB", "XYZ", "sRGB"], src_format[1])
+                source_profile = ImageCms.createProfile(src_colorSpace)
                 destination_profile = ImageCms.createProfile(dst_format[1])
                 source_image = src_format[3]
                 test_transform = ImageCms.buildTransform(
@@ -639,6 +652,7 @@ def test_auxiliary_channels_isolated() -> None:
                 )
 
                 # test conversion from aux-ful source
+                test_image: Image.Image | None
                 if transform_in_place:
                     test_image = source_image.copy()
                     ImageCms.applyTransform(test_image, test_transform, inPlace=True)
@@ -646,6 +660,7 @@ def test_auxiliary_channels_isolated() -> None:
                     test_image = ImageCms.applyTransform(
                         source_image, test_transform, inPlace=False
                     )
+                assert test_image is not None
 
                 # reference conversion from aux-less source
                 reference_transform = ImageCms.buildTransform(
@@ -657,7 +672,7 @@ def test_auxiliary_channels_isolated() -> None:
                 reference_image = ImageCms.applyTransform(
                     source_image.convert(src_format[2]), reference_transform
                 )
-
+                assert reference_image is not None
                 assert_image_equal(test_image.convert(dst_format[2]), reference_image)
 
 

Tests/test_imagedraw.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import contextlib
 import os.path
+from typing import Sequence
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -265,6 +266,21 @@ def test_chord_too_fat() -> None:
     assert_image_equal_tofile(im, "Tests/images/imagedraw_chord_too_fat.png")
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("RGB", "L"))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("xy", ((W / 2, H / 2), [W / 2, H / 2]))
+def test_circle(mode: str, xy: Sequence[float]) -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    im = Image.new(mode, (W, H))
+    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
+    expected = f"Tests/images/imagedraw_ellipse_{mode}.png"
+
+    # Act
+    draw.circle(xy, 25, fill="green", outline="blue")
+
+    # Assert
+    assert_image_similar_tofile(im, expected, 1)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ("RGB", "L"))
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("bbox", BBOX)
 def test_ellipse(mode: str, bbox: Coords) -> None:
@@ -1067,8 +1083,8 @@ def test_line_horizontal() -> None:
     )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.xfail(reason="failing test")
 def test_line_h_s1_w2() -> None:
-    pytest.skip("failing")
     img, draw = create_base_image_draw((20, 20))
     draw.line((5, 5, 14, 6), BLACK, 2)
     assert_image_equal_tofile(

Tests/test_imagefile.py

@@ -202,6 +202,8 @@ class TestImageFile:
 
 
 class MockPyDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
+    last: MockPyDecoder
+
     def __init__(self, mode: str, *args: Any) -> None:
         MockPyDecoder.last = self
 
@@ -213,6 +215,8 @@ class MockPyDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
 
 
 class MockPyEncoder(ImageFile.PyEncoder):
+    last: MockPyEncoder | None
+
     def __init__(self, mode: str, *args: Any) -> None:
         MockPyEncoder.last = self
 
@@ -315,6 +319,7 @@ class TestPyEncoder(CodecsTest):
             im, fp, [("MOCK", (xoff, yoff, xoff + xsize, yoff + ysize), 0, "RGB")]
         )
 
+        assert MockPyEncoder.last
         assert MockPyEncoder.last.state.xoff == xoff
         assert MockPyEncoder.last.state.yoff == yoff
         assert MockPyEncoder.last.state.xsize == xsize
@@ -329,6 +334,7 @@ class TestPyEncoder(CodecsTest):
         fp = BytesIO()
         ImageFile._save(im, fp, [("MOCK", None, 0, "RGB")])
 
+        assert MockPyEncoder.last
         assert MockPyEncoder.last.state.xoff == 0
         assert MockPyEncoder.last.state.yoff == 0
         assert MockPyEncoder.last.state.xsize == 200

Tests/test_imagefont.py

@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ pytestmark = skip_unless_feature("freetype2")
 
 
 def test_sanity() -> None:
-    assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", features.version_module("freetype2"))
+    version = features.version_module("freetype2")
+    assert version is not None
+    assert re.search(r"\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", version)
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(
@@ -547,11 +549,10 @@ def test_find_font(
             def loadable_font(
                 filepath: str, size: int, index: int, encoding: str, *args: Any
             ):
+                _freeTypeFont = getattr(ImageFont, "_FreeTypeFont")
                 if filepath == path_to_fake:
-                    return ImageFont._FreeTypeFont(
+                    return _freeTypeFont(FONT_PATH, size, index, encoding, *args)
-                        FONT_PATH, size, index, encoding, *args
+                return _freeTypeFont(filepath, size, index, encoding, *args)
-                    )
-                return ImageFont._FreeTypeFont(filepath, size, index, encoding, *args)
 
             m.setattr(ImageFont, "FreeTypeFont", loadable_font)
             font = ImageFont.truetype(fontname)
@@ -630,7 +631,9 @@ def test_complex_font_settings() -> None:
 
 
 def test_variation_get(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
-    freetype = parse_version(features.version_module("freetype2"))
+    version = features.version_module("freetype2")
+    assert version is not None
+    freetype = parse_version(version)
     if freetype < parse_version("2.9.1"):
         with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
             font.get_variation_names()
@@ -700,7 +703,9 @@ def _check_text(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont, path: str, epsilon: float) -> None
 
 
 def test_variation_set_by_name(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
-    freetype = parse_version(features.version_module("freetype2"))
+    version = features.version_module("freetype2")
+    assert version is not None
+    freetype = parse_version(version)
     if freetype < parse_version("2.9.1"):
         with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
             font.set_variation_by_name("Bold")
@@ -725,7 +730,9 @@ def test_variation_set_by_name(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
 
 
 def test_variation_set_by_axes(font: ImageFont.FreeTypeFont) -> None:
-    freetype = parse_version(features.version_module("freetype2"))
+    version = features.version_module("freetype2")
+    assert version is not None
+    freetype = parse_version(version)
     if freetype < parse_version("2.9.1"):
         with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
             font.set_variation_by_axes([100])

Tests/test_imageops_usm.py

@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ from typing import Generator
 
 import pytest
 
-from PIL import Image, ImageFilter
+from PIL import Image, ImageFile, ImageFilter
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def test_images() -> Generator[dict[str, Image.Image], None, None]:
+def test_images() -> Generator[dict[str, ImageFile.ImageFile], None, None]:
     ims = {
         "im": Image.open("Tests/images/hopper.ppm"),
         "snakes": Image.open("Tests/images/color_snakes.png"),
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def test_images() -> Generator[dict[str, Image.Image], None, None]:
             im.close()
 
 
-def test_filter_api(test_images: dict[str, Image.Image]) -> None:
+def test_filter_api(test_images: dict[str, ImageFile.ImageFile]) -> None:
     im = test_images["im"]
 
     test_filter = ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(2.0)
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def test_filter_api(test_images: dict[str, Image.Image]) -> None:
     assert i.size == (128, 128)
 
 
-def test_usm_formats(test_images: dict[str, Image.Image]) -> None:
+def test_usm_formats(test_images: dict[str, ImageFile.ImageFile]) -> None:
     im = test_images["im"]
 
     usm = ImageFilter.UnsharpMask
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def test_usm_formats(test_images: dict[str, Image.Image]) -> None:
         im.convert("YCbCr").filter(usm)
 
 
-def test_blur_formats(test_images: dict[str, Image.Image]) -> None:
+def test_blur_formats(test_images: dict[str, ImageFile.ImageFile]) -> None:
     im = test_images["im"]
 
     blur = ImageFilter.GaussianBlur
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def test_blur_formats(test_images: dict[str, Image.Image]) -> None:
         im.convert("YCbCr").filter(blur)
 
 
-def test_usm_accuracy(test_images: dict[str, Image.Image]) -> None:
+def test_usm_accuracy(test_images: dict[str, ImageFile.ImageFile]) -> None:
     snakes = test_images["snakes"]
 
     src = snakes.convert("RGB")
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def test_usm_accuracy(test_images: dict[str, Image.Image]) -> None:
     assert i.tobytes() == src.tobytes()
 
 
-def test_blur_accuracy(test_images: dict[str, Image.Image]) -> None:
+def test_blur_accuracy(test_images: dict[str, ImageFile.ImageFile]) -> None:
     snakes = test_images["snakes"]
 
     i = snakes.filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(0.4))

Tests/test_imagestat.py

@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ def test_sanity() -> None:
     st.stddev
 
     with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
-        st.spam()
+        st.spam()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
 
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        ImageStat.Stat(1)
+        ImageStat.Stat(1)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
 def test_hopper() -> None:

docs/reference/ImageDraw.rst

@@ -227,6 +227,18 @@ Methods
 
         .. versionadded:: 5.3.0
 
+.. py:method:: ImageDraw.circle(xy, radius, fill=None, outline=None, width=1)
+
+    Draws a circle with a given radius centering on a point.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 10.4.0
+
+    :param xy: The point for the center of the circle, e.g. ``(x, y)``.
+    :param radius: Radius of the circle.
+    :param outline: Color to use for the outline.
+    :param fill: Color to use for the fill.
+    :param width: The line width, in pixels.
+
 .. py:method:: ImageDraw.ellipse(xy, fill=None, outline=None, width=1)
 
     Draws an ellipse inside the given bounding box.

docs/reference/ImageFile.rst

@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ Classes
     :undoc-members:
     :show-inheritance:
 
+.. autoclass:: PIL.ImageFile.StubHandler()
+    :members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+
 .. autoclass:: PIL.ImageFile.StubImageFile()
     :members:
     :show-inheritance:

docs/releasenotes/10.4.0.rst

@@ -45,6 +45,13 @@ TODO
 API Additions
 =============
 
+ImageDraw.circle
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Added :py:meth:`~PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.circle`. It provides the same functionality as
+:py:meth:`~PIL.ImageDraw.ImageDraw.ellipse`, but instead of taking a bounding box, it
+takes a center point and radius.
+
 TODO
 ^^^^
 
@@ -53,7 +60,9 @@ TODO
 Other Changes
 =============
 
-TODO
+Python 3.13 beta
-^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-TODO
+To help others prepare for Python 3.13, wheels have been built against the 3.13 beta as
+a preview. This is not official support for Python 3.13, but simply an opportunity for
+users to test how Pillow works with the beta and report any problems.

src/PIL/BlpImagePlugin.py

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import os
 import struct
 from enum import IntEnum
 from io import BytesIO
+from typing import IO
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile
 
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ class AlphaEncoding(IntEnum):
     DXT5 = 7
 
 
-def unpack_565(i):
+def unpack_565(i: int) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
     return ((i >> 11) & 0x1F) << 3, ((i >> 5) & 0x3F) << 2, (i & 0x1F) << 3
 
 
@@ -284,7 +285,8 @@ class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
             raise OSError(msg) from e
         return -1, 0
 
-    def _read_blp_header(self):
+    def _read_blp_header(self) -> None:
+        assert self.fd is not None
         self.fd.seek(4)
         (self._blp_compression,) = struct.unpack("<i", self._safe_read(4))
 
@@ -303,10 +305,10 @@ class _BLPBaseDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
         self._blp_offsets = struct.unpack("<16I", self._safe_read(16 * 4))
         self._blp_lengths = struct.unpack("<16I", self._safe_read(16 * 4))
 
-    def _safe_read(self, length):
+    def _safe_read(self, length: int) -> bytes:
         return ImageFile._safe_read(self.fd, length)
 
-    def _read_palette(self):
+    def _read_palette(self) -> list[tuple[int, int, int, int]]:
         ret = []
         for i in range(256):
             try:
@@ -349,29 +351,30 @@ class BLP1Decoder(_BLPBaseDecoder):
             msg = f"Unsupported BLP compression {repr(self._blp_encoding)}"
             raise BLPFormatError(msg)
 
-    def _decode_jpeg_stream(self):
+    def _decode_jpeg_stream(self) -> None:
         from .JpegImagePlugin import JpegImageFile
 
         (jpeg_header_size,) = struct.unpack("<I", self._safe_read(4))
         jpeg_header = self._safe_read(jpeg_header_size)
+        assert self.fd is not None
         self._safe_read(self._blp_offsets[0] - self.fd.tell())  # What IS this?
         data = self._safe_read(self._blp_lengths[0])
         data = jpeg_header + data
-        data = BytesIO(data)
+        image = JpegImageFile(BytesIO(data))
-        image = JpegImageFile(data)
         Image._decompression_bomb_check(image.size)
         if image.mode == "CMYK":
             decoder_name, extents, offset, args = image.tile[0]
             image.tile = [(decoder_name, extents, offset, (args[0], "CMYK"))]
         r, g, b = image.convert("RGB").split()
-        image = Image.merge("RGB", (b, g, r))
+        reversed_image = Image.merge("RGB", (b, g, r))
-        self.set_as_raw(image.tobytes())
+        self.set_as_raw(reversed_image.tobytes())
 
 
 class BLP2Decoder(_BLPBaseDecoder):
-    def _load(self):
+    def _load(self) -> None:
         palette = self._read_palette()
 
+        assert self.fd is not None
         self.fd.seek(self._blp_offsets[0])
 
         if self._blp_compression == 1:
@@ -446,7 +449,7 @@ class BLPEncoder(ImageFile.PyEncoder):
         return len(data), 0, data
 
 
-def _save(im, fp, filename):
+def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str) -> None:
     if im.mode != "P":
         msg = "Unsupported BLP image mode"
         raise ValueError(msg)

src/PIL/BufrStubImagePlugin.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from . import Image, ImageFile
 _handler = None
 
 
-def register_handler(handler):
+def register_handler(handler: ImageFile.StubHandler) -> None:
     """
     Install application-specific BUFR image handler.
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class BufrStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
         if loader:
             loader.open(self)
 
-    def _load(self):
+    def _load(self) -> ImageFile.StubHandler | None:
         return _handler
 
 

src/PIL/DcxImagePlugin.py

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class DcxImageFile(PcxImageFile):
     format_description = "Intel DCX"
     _close_exclusive_fp_after_loading = False
 
-    def _open(self):
+    def _open(self) -> None:
         # Header
         s = self.fp.read(4)
         if not _accept(s):
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class DcxImageFile(PcxImageFile):
             self._offset.append(offset)
 
         self._fp = self.fp
-        self.frame = None
+        self.frame = -1
         self.n_frames = len(self._offset)
         self.is_animated = self.n_frames > 1
         self.seek(0)

src/PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py

@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ class EpsImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         reading_trailer_comments = False
         trailer_reached = False
 
-        def check_required_header_comments():
+        def check_required_header_comments() -> None:
             if "PS-Adobe" not in self.info:
                 msg = 'EPS header missing "%!PS-Adobe" comment'
                 raise SyntaxError(msg)

src/PIL/FpxImagePlugin.py

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class FpxImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         self._open_index(1)
 
-    def _open_index(self, index=1):
+    def _open_index(self, index: int = 1) -> None:
         #
         # get the Image Contents Property Set
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class FpxImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         size = max(self.size)
         i = 1
         while size > 64:
-            size = size / 2
+            size = size // 2
             i += 1
         self.maxid = i - 1
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class FpxImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         self._open_subimage(1, self.maxid)
 
-    def _open_subimage(self, index=1, subimage=0):
+    def _open_subimage(self, index: int = 1, subimage: int = 0) -> None:
         #
         # setup tile descriptors for a given subimage
 

src/PIL/GifImagePlugin.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import math
 import os
 import subprocess
 from enum import IntEnum
+from functools import cached_property
 
 from . import (
     Image,
@@ -112,8 +113,7 @@ class GifImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         self._fp = self.fp  # FIXME: hack
         self.__rewind = self.fp.tell()
-        self._n_frames = None
+        self._n_frames: int | None = None
-        self._is_animated = None
         self._seek(0)  # get ready to read first frame
 
     @property
@@ -128,24 +128,23 @@ class GifImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
             self.seek(current)
         return self._n_frames
 
-    @property
+    @cached_property
-    def is_animated(self):
+    def is_animated(self) -> bool:
-        if self._is_animated is None:
+        if self._n_frames is not None:
-            if self._n_frames is not None:
+            return self._n_frames != 1
-                self._is_animated = self._n_frames != 1
-            else:
-                current = self.tell()
-                if current:
-                    self._is_animated = True
-                else:
-                    try:
-                        self._seek(1, False)
-                        self._is_animated = True
-                    except EOFError:
-                        self._is_animated = False
 
-                    self.seek(current)
+        current = self.tell()
-        return self._is_animated
+        if current:
+            return True
+
+        try:
+            self._seek(1, False)
+            is_animated = True
+        except EOFError:
+            is_animated = False
+
+        self.seek(current)
+        return is_animated
 
     def seek(self, frame: int) -> None:
         if not self._seek_check(frame):

src/PIL/GimpPaletteFile.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
+from typing import IO
 
 from ._binary import o8
 
@@ -25,8 +26,8 @@ class GimpPaletteFile:
 
     rawmode = "RGB"
 
-    def __init__(self, fp):
+    def __init__(self, fp: IO[bytes]) -> None:
-        self.palette = [o8(i) * 3 for i in range(256)]
+        palette = [o8(i) * 3 for i in range(256)]
 
         if fp.readline()[:12] != b"GIMP Palette":
             msg = "not a GIMP palette file"
@@ -49,9 +50,9 @@ class GimpPaletteFile:
                 msg = "bad palette entry"
                 raise ValueError(msg)
 
-            self.palette[i] = o8(v[0]) + o8(v[1]) + o8(v[2])
+            palette[i] = o8(v[0]) + o8(v[1]) + o8(v[2])
 
-        self.palette = b"".join(self.palette)
+        self.palette = b"".join(palette)
 
     def getpalette(self) -> tuple[bytes, str]:
         return self.palette, self.rawmode

src/PIL/GribStubImagePlugin.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from . import Image, ImageFile
 _handler = None
 
 
-def register_handler(handler):
+def register_handler(handler: ImageFile.StubHandler) -> None:
     """
     Install application-specific GRIB image handler.
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class GribStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
         if loader:
             loader.open(self)
 
-    def _load(self):
+    def _load(self) -> ImageFile.StubHandler | None:
         return _handler
 
 

src/PIL/Hdf5StubImagePlugin.py

@@ -10,12 +10,14 @@
 #
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from typing import IO
+
 from . import Image, ImageFile
 
 _handler = None
 
 
-def register_handler(handler):
+def register_handler(handler: ImageFile.StubHandler) -> None:
     """
     Install application-specific HDF5 image handler.
 
@@ -54,11 +56,11 @@ class HDF5StubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
         if loader:
             loader.open(self)
 
-    def _load(self):
+    def _load(self) -> ImageFile.StubHandler | None:
         return _handler
 
 
-def _save(im, fp, filename):
+def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str) -> None:
     if _handler is None or not hasattr(_handler, "save"):
         msg = "HDF5 save handler not installed"
         raise OSError(msg)

src/PIL/Image.py

@@ -1519,7 +1519,7 @@ class Image:
         self._exif._loaded = False
         self.getexif()
 
-    def get_child_images(self):
+    def get_child_images(self) -> list[ImageFile.ImageFile]:
         child_images = []
         exif = self.getexif()
         ifds = []
@@ -1543,10 +1543,7 @@ class Image:
             fp = self.fp
             thumbnail_offset = ifd.get(513)
             if thumbnail_offset is not None:
-                try:
+                thumbnail_offset += getattr(self, "_exif_offset", 0)
-                    thumbnail_offset += self._exif_offset
-                except AttributeError:
-                    pass
                 self.fp.seek(thumbnail_offset)
                 data = self.fp.read(ifd.get(514))
                 fp = io.BytesIO(data)
@@ -1612,7 +1609,7 @@ class Image:
             or "transparency" in self.info
         )
 
-    def apply_transparency(self):
+    def apply_transparency(self) -> None:
         """
         If a P mode image has a "transparency" key in the info dictionary,
         remove the key and instead apply the transparency to the palette.
@@ -1624,6 +1621,7 @@ class Image:
         from . import ImagePalette
 
         palette = self.getpalette("RGBA")
+        assert palette is not None
         transparency = self.info["transparency"]
         if isinstance(transparency, bytes):
             for i, alpha in enumerate(transparency):
@@ -1956,7 +1954,9 @@ class Image:
 
         self.im.putband(alpha.im, band)
 
-    def putdata(self, data, scale=1.0, offset=0.0):
+    def putdata(
+        self, data: Sequence[float], scale: float = 1.0, offset: float = 0.0
+    ) -> None:
         """
         Copies pixel data from a flattened sequence object into the image. The
         values should start at the upper left corner (0, 0), continue to the

src/PIL/ImageCms.py

@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ def applyTransform(
 
 
 def createProfile(
-    colorSpace: Literal["LAB", "XYZ", "sRGB"], colorTemp: SupportsFloat = -1
+    colorSpace: Literal["LAB", "XYZ", "sRGB"], colorTemp: SupportsFloat = 0
 ) -> core.CmsProfile:
     """
     (pyCMS) Creates a profile.
@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ def createProfile(
     :param colorSpace: String, the color space of the profile you wish to
         create.
         Currently only "LAB", "XYZ", and "sRGB" are supported.
-    :param colorTemp: Positive integer for the white point for the profile, in
+    :param colorTemp: Positive number for the white point for the profile, in
         degrees Kelvin (i.e. 5000, 6500, 9600, etc.).  The default is for D50
         illuminant if omitted (5000k).  colorTemp is ONLY applied to LAB
         profiles, and is ignored for XYZ and sRGB.
@@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ def isIntentSupported(
         raise PyCMSError(v) from v
 
 
-def versions() -> tuple[str, str, str, str]:
+def versions() -> tuple[str, str | None, str, str]:
     """
     (pyCMS) Fetches versions.
     """

src/PIL/ImageDraw.py

@@ -181,6 +181,13 @@ class ImageDraw:
         if ink is not None and ink != fill and width != 0:
             self.draw.draw_ellipse(xy, ink, 0, width)
 
+    def circle(
+        self, xy: Sequence[float], radius: float, fill=None, outline=None, width=1
+    ) -> None:
+        """Draw a circle given center coordinates and a radius."""
+        ellipse_xy = (xy[0] - radius, xy[1] - radius, xy[0] + radius, xy[1] + radius)
+        self.ellipse(ellipse_xy, fill, outline, width)
+
     def line(self, xy: Coords, fill=None, width=0, joint=None) -> None:
         """Draw a line, or a connected sequence of line segments."""
         ink = self._getink(fill)[0]
@@ -901,7 +908,13 @@ def getdraw(im=None, hints=None):
     return im, handler
 
 
-def floodfill(image: Image.Image, xy, value, border=None, thresh=0) -> None:
+def floodfill(
+    image: Image.Image,
+    xy: tuple[int, int],
+    value: float | tuple[int, ...],
+    border: float | tuple[int, ...] | None = None,
+    thresh: float = 0,
+) -> None:
     """
     (experimental) Fills a bounded region with a given color.
 

src/PIL/ImageEnhance.py

@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@ from . import Image, ImageFilter, ImageStat
 
 
 class _Enhance:
-    def enhance(self, factor):
+    image: Image.Image
+    degenerate: Image.Image
+
+    def enhance(self, factor: float) -> Image.Image:
         """
         Returns an enhanced image.
 
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@ class Color(_Enhance):
     the original image.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, image):
+    def __init__(self, image: Image.Image) -> None:
         self.image = image
         self.intermediate_mode = "L"
         if "A" in image.getbands():
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ class Contrast(_Enhance):
     gives a solid gray image. A factor of 1.0 gives the original image.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, image):
+    def __init__(self, image: Image.Image) -> None:
         self.image = image
         mean = int(ImageStat.Stat(image.convert("L")).mean[0] + 0.5)
         self.degenerate = Image.new("L", image.size, mean).convert(image.mode)
@@ -80,7 +83,7 @@ class Brightness(_Enhance):
     original image.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, image):
+    def __init__(self, image: Image.Image) -> None:
         self.image = image
         self.degenerate = Image.new(image.mode, image.size, 0)
 
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ class Sharpness(_Enhance):
     original image, and a factor of 2.0 gives a sharpened image.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, image):
+    def __init__(self, image: Image.Image) -> None:
         self.image = image
         self.degenerate = image.filter(ImageFilter.SMOOTH)
 

src/PIL/ImageFile.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import abc
 import io
 import itertools
 import struct
@@ -347,6 +348,15 @@ class ImageFile(Image.Image):
         return self.tell() != frame
 
 
+class StubHandler:
+    def open(self, im: StubImageFile) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def load(self, im: StubImageFile) -> Image.Image:
+        pass
+
+
 class StubImageFile(ImageFile):
     """
     Base class for stub image loaders.

src/PIL/ImageFilter.py

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import abc
 import functools
+from types import ModuleType
+from typing import Any, Sequence
 
 
 class Filter:
@@ -56,7 +58,13 @@ class Kernel(BuiltinFilter):
 
     name = "Kernel"
 
-    def __init__(self, size, kernel, scale=None, offset=0):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        size: tuple[int, int],
+        kernel: Sequence[float],
+        scale: float | None = None,
+        offset: float = 0,
+    ) -> None:
         if scale is None:
             # default scale is sum of kernel
             scale = functools.reduce(lambda a, b: a + b, kernel)
@@ -79,7 +87,7 @@ class RankFilter(Filter):
 
     name = "Rank"
 
-    def __init__(self, size, rank):
+    def __init__(self, size: int, rank: int) -> None:
         self.size = size
         self.rank = rank
 
@@ -101,7 +109,7 @@ class MedianFilter(RankFilter):
 
     name = "Median"
 
-    def __init__(self, size=3):
+    def __init__(self, size: int = 3) -> None:
         self.size = size
         self.rank = size * size // 2
 
@@ -116,7 +124,7 @@ class MinFilter(RankFilter):
 
     name = "Min"
 
-    def __init__(self, size=3):
+    def __init__(self, size: int = 3) -> None:
         self.size = size
         self.rank = 0
 
@@ -131,7 +139,7 @@ class MaxFilter(RankFilter):
 
     name = "Max"
 
-    def __init__(self, size=3):
+    def __init__(self, size: int = 3) -> None:
         self.size = size
         self.rank = size * size - 1
 
@@ -147,7 +155,7 @@ class ModeFilter(Filter):
 
     name = "Mode"
 
-    def __init__(self, size=3):
+    def __init__(self, size: int = 3) -> None:
         self.size = size
 
     def filter(self, image):
@@ -165,7 +173,7 @@ class GaussianBlur(MultibandFilter):
 
     name = "GaussianBlur"
 
-    def __init__(self, radius=2):
+    def __init__(self, radius: float | Sequence[float] = 2) -> None:
         self.radius = radius
 
     def filter(self, image):
@@ -193,10 +201,8 @@ class BoxBlur(MultibandFilter):
 
     name = "BoxBlur"
 
-    def __init__(self, radius):
+    def __init__(self, radius: float | Sequence[float]) -> None:
-        xy = radius
+        xy = radius if isinstance(radius, (tuple, list)) else (radius, radius)
-        if not isinstance(xy, (tuple, list)):
-            xy = (xy, xy)
         if xy[0] < 0 or xy[1] < 0:
             msg = "radius must be >= 0"
             raise ValueError(msg)
@@ -228,7 +234,9 @@ class UnsharpMask(MultibandFilter):
 
     name = "UnsharpMask"
 
-    def __init__(self, radius=2, percent=150, threshold=3):
+    def __init__(
+        self, radius: float = 2, percent: int = 150, threshold: int = 3
+    ) -> None:
         self.radius = radius
         self.percent = percent
         self.threshold = threshold
@@ -378,7 +386,9 @@ class Color3DLUT(MultibandFilter):
 
     name = "Color 3D LUT"
 
-    def __init__(self, size, table, channels=3, target_mode=None, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(
+        self, size, table, channels: int = 3, target_mode: str | None = None, **kwargs
+    ):
         if channels not in (3, 4):
             msg = "Only 3 or 4 output channels are supported"
             raise ValueError(msg)
@@ -392,7 +402,7 @@ class Color3DLUT(MultibandFilter):
         items = size[0] * size[1] * size[2]
         wrong_size = False
 
-        numpy = None
+        numpy: ModuleType | None = None
         if hasattr(table, "shape"):
             try:
                 import numpy
@@ -439,7 +449,7 @@ class Color3DLUT(MultibandFilter):
         self.table = table
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _check_size(size):
+    def _check_size(size: Any) -> list[int]:
         try:
             _, _, _ = size
         except ValueError as e:

src/PIL/ImageFont.py

@@ -160,10 +160,6 @@ class ImageFont:
         .. versionadded:: 9.2.0
 
         :param text: Text to render.
-        :param mode: Used by some graphics drivers to indicate what mode the
-                     driver prefers; if empty, the renderer may return either
-                     mode. Note that the mode is always a string, to simplify
-                     C-level implementations.
 
         :return: ``(left, top, right, bottom)`` bounding box
         """
@@ -261,7 +257,7 @@ class FreeTypeFont:
         """
         return self.font.family, self.font.style
 
-    def getmetrics(self):
+    def getmetrics(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
         """
         :return: A tuple of the font ascent (the distance from the baseline to
             the highest outline point) and descent (the distance from the
@@ -628,7 +624,7 @@ class FreeTypeFont:
             layout_engine=layout_engine or self.layout_engine,
         )
 
-    def get_variation_names(self):
+    def get_variation_names(self) -> list[bytes]:
         """
         :returns: A list of the named styles in a variation font.
         :exception OSError: If the font is not a variation font.

src/PIL/ImageMorph.py

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class MorphOp:
         elif patterns is not None:
             self.lut = LutBuilder(patterns=patterns).build_lut()
 
-    def apply(self, image: Image.Image):
+    def apply(self, image: Image.Image) -> tuple[int, Image.Image]:
         """Run a single morphological operation on an image
 
         Returns a tuple of the number of changed pixels and the
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ class MorphOp:
         count = _imagingmorph.apply(bytes(self.lut), image.im.id, outimage.im.id)
         return count, outimage
 
-    def match(self, image: Image.Image):
+    def match(self, image: Image.Image) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
         """Get a list of coordinates matching the morphological operation on
         an image.
 
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class MorphOp:
             raise ValueError(msg)
         return _imagingmorph.match(bytes(self.lut), image.im.id)
 
-    def get_on_pixels(self, image: Image.Image):
+    def get_on_pixels(self, image: Image.Image) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
         """Get a list of all turned on pixels in a binary image
 
         Returns a list of tuples of (x,y) coordinates

src/PIL/ImagePalette.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import array
-from typing import Sequence
+from typing import IO, Sequence
 
 from . import GimpGradientFile, GimpPaletteFile, ImageColor, PaletteFile
 
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class ImagePalette:
             msg = f"unknown color specifier: {repr(color)}"
             raise ValueError(msg)
 
-    def save(self, fp):
+    def save(self, fp: str | IO[str]) -> None:
         """Save palette to text file.
 
         .. warning:: This method is experimental.
@@ -213,29 +213,29 @@ def make_linear_lut(black, white):
     raise NotImplementedError(msg)  # FIXME
 
 
-def make_gamma_lut(exp):
+def make_gamma_lut(exp: float) -> list[int]:
     return [int(((i / 255.0) ** exp) * 255.0 + 0.5) for i in range(256)]
 
 
-def negative(mode="RGB"):
+def negative(mode: str = "RGB") -> ImagePalette:
     palette = list(range(256 * len(mode)))
     palette.reverse()
     return ImagePalette(mode, [i // len(mode) for i in palette])
 
 
-def random(mode="RGB"):
+def random(mode: str = "RGB") -> ImagePalette:
     from random import randint
 
     palette = [randint(0, 255) for _ in range(256 * len(mode))]
     return ImagePalette(mode, palette)
 
 
-def sepia(white="#fff0c0"):
+def sepia(white: str = "#fff0c0") -> ImagePalette:
     bands = [make_linear_lut(0, band) for band in ImageColor.getrgb(white)]
     return ImagePalette("RGB", [bands[i % 3][i // 3] for i in range(256 * 3)])
 
 
-def wedge(mode="RGB"):
+def wedge(mode: str = "RGB") -> ImagePalette:
     palette = list(range(256 * len(mode)))
     return ImagePalette(mode, [i // len(mode) for i in palette])
 

src/PIL/ImageWin.py

@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ class HDC:
     methods.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, dc):
+    def __init__(self, dc: int) -> None:
         self.dc = dc
 
-    def __int__(self):
+    def __int__(self) -> int:
         return self.dc
 
 
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ class HWND:
     methods, instead of a DC.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, wnd):
+    def __init__(self, wnd: int) -> None:
         self.wnd = wnd
 
-    def __int__(self):
+    def __int__(self) -> int:
         return self.wnd
 
 
@@ -149,7 +149,9 @@ class Dib:
             result = self.image.query_palette(handle)
         return result
 
-    def paste(self, im, box=None):
+    def paste(
+        self, im: Image.Image, box: tuple[int, int, int, int] | None = None
+    ) -> None:
         """
         Paste a PIL image into the bitmap image.
 
@@ -169,16 +171,16 @@ class Dib:
         else:
             self.image.paste(im.im)
 
-    def frombytes(self, buffer):
+    def frombytes(self, buffer: bytes) -> None:
         """
         Load display memory contents from byte data.
 
         :param buffer: A buffer containing display data (usually
                        data returned from :py:func:`~PIL.ImageWin.Dib.tobytes`)
         """
-        return self.image.frombytes(buffer)
+        self.image.frombytes(buffer)
 
-    def tobytes(self):
+    def tobytes(self) -> bytes:
         """
         Copy display memory contents to bytes object.
 
@@ -190,7 +192,9 @@ class Dib:
 class Window:
     """Create a Window with the given title size."""
 
-    def __init__(self, title="PIL", width=None, height=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self, title: str = "PIL", width: int | None = None, height: int | None = None
+    ) -> None:
         self.hwnd = Image.core.createwindow(
             title, self.__dispatcher, width or 0, height or 0
         )

src/PIL/Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class BoxReader:
         self.length = length
         self.remaining_in_box = -1
 
-    def _can_read(self, num_bytes):
+    def _can_read(self, num_bytes: int) -> bool:
         if self.has_length and self.fp.tell() + num_bytes > self.length:
             # Outside box: ensure we don't read past the known file length
             return False
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class BoxReader:
         else:
             return True  # No length known, just read
 
-    def _read_bytes(self, num_bytes):
+    def _read_bytes(self, num_bytes: int) -> bytes:
         if not self._can_read(num_bytes):
             msg = "Not enough data in header"
             raise SyntaxError(msg)
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class BoxReader:
         else:
             return True
 
-    def next_box_type(self):
+    def next_box_type(self) -> bytes:
         # Skip the rest of the box if it has not been read
         if self.remaining_in_box > 0:
             self.fp.seek(self.remaining_in_box, os.SEEK_CUR)

src/PIL/JpegImagePlugin.py

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import warnings
+from typing import Any
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile
 from ._binary import i16be as i16
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ from .JpegPresets import presets
 # Parser
 
 
-def Skip(self, marker):
+def Skip(self: JpegImageFile, marker: int) -> None:
     n = i16(self.fp.read(2)) - 2
     ImageFile._safe_read(self.fp, n)
 
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ def APP(self, marker):
             self.info["dpi"] = 72, 72
 
 
-def COM(self, marker):
+def COM(self: JpegImageFile, marker: int) -> None:
     #
     # Comment marker.  Store these in the APP dictionary.
     n = i16(self.fp.read(2)) - 2
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ def COM(self, marker):
     self.applist.append(("COM", s))
 
 
-def SOF(self, marker):
+def SOF(self: JpegImageFile, marker: int) -> None:
     #
     # Start of frame marker.  Defines the size and mode of the
     # image.  JPEG is colour blind, so we use some simple
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ def SOF(self, marker):
         self.layer.append((t[0], t[1] // 16, t[1] & 15, t[2]))
 
 
-def DQT(self, marker):
+def DQT(self: JpegImageFile, marker: int) -> None:
     #
     # Define quantization table.  Note that there might be more
     # than one table in each marker.
@@ -495,14 +496,14 @@ class JpegImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 
         self.tile = []
 
-    def _getexif(self):
+    def _getexif(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         return _getexif(self)
 
     def _getmp(self):
         return _getmp(self)
 
 
-def _getexif(self):
+def _getexif(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
     if "exif" not in self.info:
         return None
     return self.getexif()._get_merged_dict()

src/PIL/PSDraw.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from . import EpsImagePlugin
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ class PSDraw:
                 fp = sys.stdout
         self.fp = fp
 
-    def begin_document(self, id=None):
+    def begin_document(self, id: str | None = None) -> None:
         """Set up printing of a document. (Write PostScript DSC header.)"""
         # FIXME: incomplete
         self.fp.write(
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ class PSDraw:
         self.fp.write(EDROFF_PS)
         self.fp.write(VDI_PS)
         self.fp.write(b"%%EndProlog\n")
-        self.isofont = {}
+        self.isofont: dict[bytes, int] = {}
 
     def end_document(self) -> None:
         """Ends printing. (Write PostScript DSC footer.)"""
@@ -60,22 +61,24 @@ class PSDraw:
         if hasattr(self.fp, "flush"):
             self.fp.flush()
 
-    def setfont(self, font, size):
+    def setfont(self, font: str, size: int) -> None:
         """
         Selects which font to use.
 
         :param font: A PostScript font name
         :param size: Size in points.
         """
-        font = bytes(font, "UTF-8")
+        font_bytes = bytes(font, "UTF-8")
-        if font not in self.isofont:
+        if font_bytes not in self.isofont:
             # reencode font
-            self.fp.write(b"/PSDraw-%s ISOLatin1Encoding /%s E\n" % (font, font))
+            self.fp.write(
-            self.isofont[font] = 1
+                b"/PSDraw-%s ISOLatin1Encoding /%s E\n" % (font_bytes, font_bytes)
+            )
+            self.isofont[font_bytes] = 1
         # rough
-        self.fp.write(b"/F0 %d /PSDraw-%s F\n" % (size, font))
+        self.fp.write(b"/F0 %d /PSDraw-%s F\n" % (size, font_bytes))
 
-    def line(self, xy0, xy1):
+    def line(self, xy0: tuple[int, int], xy1: tuple[int, int]) -> None:
         """
         Draws a line between the two points. Coordinates are given in
         PostScript point coordinates (72 points per inch, (0, 0) is the lower
@@ -83,7 +86,7 @@ class PSDraw:
         """
         self.fp.write(b"%d %d %d %d Vl\n" % (*xy0, *xy1))
 
-    def rectangle(self, box):
+    def rectangle(self, box: tuple[int, int, int, int]) -> None:
         """
         Draws a rectangle.
 
@@ -92,18 +95,22 @@ class PSDraw:
         """
         self.fp.write(b"%d %d M 0 %d %d Vr\n" % box)
 
-    def text(self, xy, text):
+    def text(self, xy: tuple[int, int], text: str) -> None:
         """
         Draws text at the given position. You must use
         :py:meth:`~PIL.PSDraw.PSDraw.setfont` before calling this method.
         """
-        text = bytes(text, "UTF-8")
+        text_bytes = bytes(text, "UTF-8")
-        text = b"\\(".join(text.split(b"("))
+        text_bytes = b"\\(".join(text_bytes.split(b"("))
-        text = b"\\)".join(text.split(b")"))
+        text_bytes = b"\\)".join(text_bytes.split(b")"))
-        xy += (text,)
+        self.fp.write(b"%d %d M (%s) S\n" % (xy + (text_bytes,)))
-        self.fp.write(b"%d %d M (%s) S\n" % xy)
 
-    def image(self, box, im, dpi=None):
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        from . import Image
+
+    def image(
+        self, box: tuple[int, int, int, int], im: Image.Image, dpi: int | None = None
+    ) -> None:
         """Draw a PIL image, centered in the given box."""
         # default resolution depends on mode
         if not dpi:

src/PIL/PaletteFile.py

@@ -48,5 +48,5 @@ class PaletteFile:
 
         self.palette = b"".join(self.palette)
 
-    def getpalette(self):
+    def getpalette(self) -> tuple[bytes, str]:
         return self.palette, self.rawmode

src/PIL/PdfParser.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, List, NamedTuple, Union
 
 # see 7.9.2.2 Text String Type on page 86 and D.3 PDFDocEncoding Character Set
 # on page 656
-def encode_text(s):
+def encode_text(s: str) -> bytes:
     return codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE + s.encode("utf_16_be")
 
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class IndirectReference(IndirectReferenceTuple):
     def __ne__(self, other):
         return not (self == other)
 
-    def __hash__(self):
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash((self.object_id, self.generation))
 
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ class PdfName:
             isinstance(other, PdfName) and other.name == self.name
         ) or other == self.name
 
-    def __hash__(self):
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash(self.name)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ class PdfParser:
         if f:
             self.seek_end()
 
-    def __enter__(self):
+    def __enter__(self) -> PdfParser:
         return self
 
     def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ class PdfParser:
     def write_comment(self, s):
         self.f.write(f"% {s}\n".encode())
 
-    def write_catalog(self):
+    def write_catalog(self) -> IndirectReference:
         self.del_root()
         self.root_ref = self.next_object_id(self.f.tell())
         self.pages_ref = self.next_object_id(0)

src/PIL/PngImagePlugin.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ import struct
 import warnings
 import zlib
 from enum import IntEnum
-from typing import IO
+from typing import IO, Any
 
 from . import Image, ImageChops, ImageFile, ImagePalette, ImageSequence
 from ._binary import i16be as i16
@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ class PngImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
                 if self.pyaccess:
                     self.pyaccess = None
 
-    def _getexif(self):
+    def _getexif(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         if "exif" not in self.info:
             self.load()
         if "exif" not in self.info and "Raw profile type exif" not in self.info:
@@ -1039,22 +1039,22 @@ class PngImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 # PNG writer
 
 _OUTMODES = {
-    # supported PIL modes, and corresponding rawmodes/bits/color combinations
+    # supported PIL modes, and corresponding rawmode, bit depth and color type
-    "1": ("1", b"\x01\x00"),
+    "1": ("1", b"\x01", b"\x00"),
-    "L;1": ("L;1", b"\x01\x00"),
+    "L;1": ("L;1", b"\x01", b"\x00"),
-    "L;2": ("L;2", b"\x02\x00"),
+    "L;2": ("L;2", b"\x02", b"\x00"),
-    "L;4": ("L;4", b"\x04\x00"),
+    "L;4": ("L;4", b"\x04", b"\x00"),
-    "L": ("L", b"\x08\x00"),
+    "L": ("L", b"\x08", b"\x00"),
-    "LA": ("LA", b"\x08\x04"),
+    "LA": ("LA", b"\x08", b"\x04"),
-    "I": ("I;16B", b"\x10\x00"),
+    "I": ("I;16B", b"\x10", b"\x00"),
-    "I;16": ("I;16B", b"\x10\x00"),
+    "I;16": ("I;16B", b"\x10", b"\x00"),
-    "I;16B": ("I;16B", b"\x10\x00"),
+    "I;16B": ("I;16B", b"\x10", b"\x00"),
-    "P;1": ("P;1", b"\x01\x03"),
+    "P;1": ("P;1", b"\x01", b"\x03"),
-    "P;2": ("P;2", b"\x02\x03"),
+    "P;2": ("P;2", b"\x02", b"\x03"),
-    "P;4": ("P;4", b"\x04\x03"),
+    "P;4": ("P;4", b"\x04", b"\x03"),
-    "P": ("P", b"\x08\x03"),
+    "P": ("P", b"\x08", b"\x03"),
-    "RGB": ("RGB", b"\x08\x02"),
+    "RGB": ("RGB", b"\x08", b"\x02"),
-    "RGBA": ("RGBA", b"\x08\x06"),
+    "RGBA": ("RGBA", b"\x08", b"\x06"),
 }
 
 
@@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@ def _write_multiple_frames(im, fp, chunk, rawmode, default_image, append_images)
             seq_num = fdat_chunks.seq_num
 
 
-def _save_all(im, fp, filename):
+def _save_all(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str) -> None:
     _save(im, fp, filename, save_all=True)
 
 
@@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@ def _save(im, fp, filename, chunk=putchunk, save_all=False):
 
     # get the corresponding PNG mode
     try:
-        rawmode, mode = _OUTMODES[mode]
+        rawmode, bit_depth, color_type = _OUTMODES[mode]
     except KeyError as e:
         msg = f"cannot write mode {mode} as PNG"
         raise OSError(msg) from e
@@ -1298,7 +1298,8 @@ def _save(im, fp, filename, chunk=putchunk, save_all=False):
         b"IHDR",
         o32(size[0]),  # 0: size
         o32(size[1]),
-        mode,  # 8: depth/type
+        bit_depth,
+        color_type,
         b"\0",  # 10: compression
         b"\0",  # 11: filter category
         b"\0",  # 12: interlace flag

src/PIL/PyAccess.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
 import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from ._deprecate import deprecate
 
@@ -48,9 +49,12 @@ except ImportError as ex:
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from . import Image
+
 
 class PyAccess:
-    def __init__(self, img, readonly=False):
+    def __init__(self, img: Image.Image, readonly: bool = False) -> None:
         deprecate("PyAccess", 11)
         vals = dict(img.im.unsafe_ptrs)
         self.readonly = readonly
@@ -77,7 +81,8 @@ class PyAccess:
         """
         Modifies the pixel at x,y. The color is given as a single
         numerical value for single band images, and a tuple for
-        multi-band images
+        multi-band images. In addition to this, RGB and RGBA tuples
+        are accepted for P and PA images.
 
         :param xy: The pixel coordinate, given as (x, y). See
            :ref:`coordinate-system`.
@@ -108,7 +113,7 @@ class PyAccess:
 
         return self.set_pixel(x, y, color)
 
-    def __getitem__(self, xy):
+    def __getitem__(self, xy: tuple[int, int]) -> float | tuple[int, ...]:
         """
         Returns the pixel at x,y. The pixel is returned as a single
         value for single band images or a tuple for multiple band
@@ -130,13 +135,19 @@ class PyAccess:
     putpixel = __setitem__
     getpixel = __getitem__
 
-    def check_xy(self, xy):
+    def check_xy(self, xy: tuple[int, int]) -> tuple[int, int]:
         (x, y) = xy
         if not (0 <= x < self.xsize and 0 <= y < self.ysize):
             msg = "pixel location out of range"
             raise ValueError(msg)
         return xy
 
+    def get_pixel(self, x: int, y: int) -> float | tuple[int, ...]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def set_pixel(self, x: int, y: int, color: float | tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
 
 class _PyAccess32_2(PyAccess):
     """PA, LA, stored in first and last bytes of a 32 bit word"""
@@ -144,7 +155,7 @@ class _PyAccess32_2(PyAccess):
     def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self.pixels = ffi.cast("struct Pixel_RGBA **", self.image32)
 
-    def get_pixel(self, x, y):
+    def get_pixel(self, x: int, y: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
         pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
         return pixel.r, pixel.a
 
@@ -161,7 +172,7 @@ class _PyAccess32_3(PyAccess):
     def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self.pixels = ffi.cast("struct Pixel_RGBA **", self.image32)
 
-    def get_pixel(self, x, y):
+    def get_pixel(self, x: int, y: int) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
         pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
         return pixel.r, pixel.g, pixel.b
 
@@ -180,7 +191,7 @@ class _PyAccess32_4(PyAccess):
     def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self.pixels = ffi.cast("struct Pixel_RGBA **", self.image32)
 
-    def get_pixel(self, x, y):
+    def get_pixel(self, x: int, y: int) -> tuple[int, int, int, int]:
         pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
         return pixel.r, pixel.g, pixel.b, pixel.a
 
@@ -199,7 +210,7 @@ class _PyAccess8(PyAccess):
     def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self.pixels = self.image8
 
-    def get_pixel(self, x, y):
+    def get_pixel(self, x: int, y: int) -> int:
         return self.pixels[y][x]
 
     def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
@@ -217,7 +228,7 @@ class _PyAccessI16_N(PyAccess):
     def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self.pixels = ffi.cast("unsigned short **", self.image)
 
-    def get_pixel(self, x, y):
+    def get_pixel(self, x: int, y: int) -> int:
         return self.pixels[y][x]
 
     def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
@@ -235,7 +246,7 @@ class _PyAccessI16_L(PyAccess):
     def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self.pixels = ffi.cast("struct Pixel_I16 **", self.image)
 
-    def get_pixel(self, x, y):
+    def get_pixel(self, x: int, y: int) -> int:
         pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
         return pixel.l + pixel.r * 256
 
@@ -256,7 +267,7 @@ class _PyAccessI16_B(PyAccess):
     def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self.pixels = ffi.cast("struct Pixel_I16 **", self.image)
 
-    def get_pixel(self, x, y):
+    def get_pixel(self, x: int, y: int) -> int:
         pixel = self.pixels[y][x]
         return pixel.l * 256 + pixel.r
 
@@ -277,7 +288,7 @@ class _PyAccessI32_N(PyAccess):
     def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self.pixels = self.image32
 
-    def get_pixel(self, x, y):
+    def get_pixel(self, x: int, y: int) -> int:
         return self.pixels[y][x]
 
     def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
@@ -296,7 +307,7 @@ class _PyAccessI32_Swap(PyAccess):
         chars[0], chars[1], chars[2], chars[3] = chars[3], chars[2], chars[1], chars[0]
         return ffi.cast("int *", chars)[0]
 
-    def get_pixel(self, x, y):
+    def get_pixel(self, x: int, y: int) -> int:
         return self.reverse(self.pixels[y][x])
 
     def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
@@ -309,7 +320,7 @@ class _PyAccessF(PyAccess):
     def _post_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self.pixels = ffi.cast("float **", self.image32)
 
-    def get_pixel(self, x, y):
+    def get_pixel(self, x: int, y: int) -> float:
         return self.pixels[y][x]
 
     def set_pixel(self, x, y, color):
@@ -357,7 +368,7 @@ else:
     mode_map["I;32B"] = _PyAccessI32_N
 
 
-def new(img, readonly=False):
+def new(img: Image.Image, readonly: bool = False) -> PyAccess | None:
     access_type = mode_map.get(img.mode, None)
     if not access_type:
         logger.debug("PyAccess Not Implemented: %s", img.mode)

src/PIL/QoiImagePlugin.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class QoiImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
 class QoiDecoder(ImageFile.PyDecoder):
     _pulls_fd = True
 
-    def _add_to_previous_pixels(self, value):
+    def _add_to_previous_pixels(self, value: bytes | bytearray) -> None:
         self._previous_pixel = value
 
         r, g, b, a = value

src/PIL/SpiderImagePlugin.py

@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ def loadImageSeries(filelist=None):
 # For saving images in Spider format
 
 
-def makeSpiderHeader(im):
+def makeSpiderHeader(im: Image.Image) -> list[bytes]:
     nsam, nrow = im.size
     lenbyt = nsam * 4  # There are labrec records in the header
     labrec = int(1024 / lenbyt)

src/PIL/WebPImagePlugin.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from io import BytesIO
+from typing import Any
 
 from . import Image, ImageFile
 
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ class WebPImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         # Initialize seek state
         self._reset(reset=False)
 
-    def _getexif(self):
+    def _getexif(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         if "exif" not in self.info:
             return None
         return self.getexif()._get_merged_dict()
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ class WebPImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
         # Set logical frame to requested position
         self.__logical_frame = frame
 
-    def _reset(self, reset=True):
+    def _reset(self, reset: bool = True) -> None:
         if reset:
             self._decoder.reset()
         self.__physical_frame = 0

src/PIL/WmfImagePlugin.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from ._binary import si32le as _long
 _handler = None
 
 
-def register_handler(handler):
+def register_handler(handler: ImageFile.StubHandler) -> None:
     """
     Install application-specific WMF image handler.
 
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ def register_handler(handler):
 if hasattr(Image.core, "drawwmf"):
     # install default handler (windows only)
 
-    class WmfHandler:
+    class WmfHandler(ImageFile.StubHandler):
-        def open(self, im):
+        def open(self, im: ImageFile.StubImageFile) -> None:
             im._mode = "RGB"
             self.bbox = im.info["wmf_bbox"]
 
-        def load(self, im):
+        def load(self, im: ImageFile.StubImageFile) -> Image.Image:
             im.fp.seek(0)  # rewind
             return Image.frombytes(
                 "RGB",
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class WmfStubImageFile(ImageFile.StubImageFile):
         if loader:
             loader.open(self)
 
-    def _load(self):
+    def _load(self) -> ImageFile.StubHandler | None:
         return _handler
 
     def load(self, dpi=None):

src/PIL/_imagingcms.pyi

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import datetime
 import sys
 from typing import Literal, SupportsFloat, TypedDict
 
-littlecms_version: str
+littlecms_version: str | None
 
 _Tuple3f = tuple[float, float, float]
 _Tuple2x3f = tuple[_Tuple3f, _Tuple3f]